bee freed from hatred SHall the Prince free himselfe there-from if hee bee r Sen. de Clem. slow to punish delinquents and thereby giue testimony to the world that his intent is rather to heale and bind vp a soare then to launch and make it bleed by the arme of Iustice Or shall hee this way free himselfe if hee neuer punish but Å¿ Sen. de Clem. when the safety of the Common wealth calleth vpon him so to do or at least his Subiects be so perswaded Or shall hee this way rather bee freed if hee t Cic. 2. de Offic. neuer exact to take punishment of delinquents in an angry moode Or may he this way auoide his Subiects hatred if hee u Sen. 1. de Clem. shew noâ— any signes of reioycing when hee inflicteth punishment vpon offendours as though he thirsted after bloud or were delighted with the shedding of it Or rather may this be his way that when many haue offended hee do not x Tacit. Agric. now and then call them to account as hee listeth holding them in a perpetuall feare but take his aduantage against all and punish all forthwith Or rather by this way may he be freed therefrom by not deuising any new kind of punishments but inflicting those which haue beene in vse according to old and ancient custome of the Country Or may he this way likewise free himselfe if hee be very sparing in punishing of delinquents and when he doth it hee might bee thought to command it to bee inflicted against his will but neuer to bee a spectator thereof Or finally may hee thus free himselfe there-from if to please his subiects hee diuert the force of his fury another way y Tacit. 13. Annal. causing such as haue beene his counsellours and perswaders to wrong the Common-wealth to taste the cup of his choler by inflicting seuere punishments vpon them or deliuering them into the peoples hands to be tormented 8 It may further be demanded how a Prince may free himselfe of that hatred which hee hath purchased by vexing his Subiects with Impositions Taxes Tallages c. which are commonly grieuous to them to beare MAy this be done if the Prince perswade the people z Tacit. 13. Annal that if they will liue in peace and out of danger that it is altogether necessary they indure such impositions which if they should not it were impossible for them to liue in safety or the State to bee durable For a Tacit. 4. hist peace is not purchased but by Armes nor Armes maintained but by Souldiers well paid nor can the Souldier be paid without leuying of Subsidies Or shall the Prince free himselfe if hee command the gatherers of such Impositions that they b Idem Ibid. neither by force nor fraude exact more of the Subiect then anciently hath beene accustomed to be paid Or shall hee rather this way auoide their hatred if sparingly as iust occasion inforceth him hee impend and lay out such treasure as hath beene leuied by Subsidies that his Subiects may see and perceiue that hee is but a Steward for the good of the Common-wealth and no riotous spender or exhauster of the treasure so gathered or that he hath any desire to conuert any of it to his owne vse or ends Or shall hee thus rather free himselfe by taking of a course that c Plin. Paneg. iust and vniforme contribution be made according to euery mans ability neuer by fauour sparing one man that the burthen may lye the heauier vpon another mans shoulders 9 It may further be demanded how and by what meanes a great and potent Subiect may auoide and shunne the hatred of his Prince MAy this be effected if this great Noble man make himselfe first odious to the people Or shall hee better effect it if hee shew himselfe very dutifull and obsequious to his Prince praising all his good deeds and sayings and craftily dissembling whatsoeuer is bad in him Or shall hee attaine therevnto if hee d This was the practise of Antipater one of Alexanders Captaines as Q. Curt. reporteth neuer proiect to make himselfe great strengthen himselfe with friends or seeke to bee maister of greater riches then is conuenient for his estate Or if fortune haue east all these things vpon him that hee acknowledge continually that hee hath receiued gained and gotten them by the grace and fauour of his Prince whose they are whensoeuer he shall please to make vse of them Or shall hee this way auoide his Princes displeasure if he haue a speciall care to e This was the practise of Ioab Dauids Generall attempt or do nothing without consulting with or obtaining the consent of his Prince though otherwise hee were assured that hee could preuaile in his attempts and that it would turne to the good of his Country Or shall hee this way shunne it if being for a certaine time made Deputy Lieutenant General or raised and euected to any other speciall place and dignity he f The praictse of Antipater and Lucius Lucullus forth-with at the end and expiration of his time resigne his office to his Princes hands and in no wise seeme to be desirous that it be prolonged or continued vnto him least hee should seeme to be sick of the swelling humours of Ambition Or may hee this way auoide it if hauing wonne and prouing victor in diuers battels hee impute the glory of his Conquests to the good fortune of his Prince desiring that the victorious Army may now bee led by some other whom the Prince shall thinke good of and retiring put himselfe into his Princes protection carrying himselfe in a moderate fashion as free from pride and ambition By this onely meanes a great Generall though suspected and feared of his Prince may so mollifie and lenifie his minde that hee shall haue no cause to thinke ill of him but shall make to himselfe great and apparant reasons to reward him for his good seruices 10 It may further bee demanded why euery Kingdome is so fickle and vnstable IS it because that euery g Sen. Oedip. Idem etiam Ep. xcij. Principality is the obiect of Fortune who can neuer be daunted but challengeth the like priuiledge against Empires as Emperours Or may this bee the reason rather because it is exposed to such and so many hatreds as the Tragicall h Senec. Theb. Poet sung The Maker of the world coupled these two together Hatred and a Kingdome Or may this be the cause for that it is subiect to so many h Attius treasons treacheries c. for there bee very many in a Kingdome which bee naught and vnfaithfull few good 11 To the same purpose it may bee demanded why among the Grecians and Romanes i Senec. Theb. a Kingdom was so hatefull for the most part DId this come to passe by reason of the k Idem Agam. manners and crooked dispositions of their Princes who being for the most part
Millitary Discipline Or is it not gotten by these meanes alone but by f Tacit. 11. Annal firme counsell and wary circumspection also Or may it be attained vnto by making g Arist Rhet. ad Alex Cap. Vltim firme leagues and sure peace with forraigne Princes Or to conclude may it bee gotten by the h Quint. Curt. lib. 8. benefite of fortune who most what doth maruailously fauour and aduance some speciall sorts of men 3 It may further bee demanded what might bee the reason that those men who are ambitious and haue an itching desire to bee inuested with the gouernment of States if they once bee euected to some eminent place in the Common-wealth i So it fared with Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster and Thomas Woodstocke Duke of Glocester protectors of Rich. the 2. And with Rich. the 3. protector of Edw. the 5. c. they are neuer contented but striue and endeuour to rise higher and higher and if once they can surprize the State they wil rather die then come afterwards to leade a priuate life COmmeth it thus to passe for that all k Mach. disp lib. 1. cap. 37. men euen by nature are apt and prone to desire great matters though they bee not so fitted and accommodated in themselues to obtaine and keepe them Now where the desire is more then the ability to get the minde can neuer be at quiet or contented with those things which already it doth enioy Or is it for that l Guicchardinus Ambition of it selfe blindeth the eyes of men perswading them that their merites and deserts are greater then indeed they bee and thereupon they affect and attempt strange matters and run head-strong courses to their owne destructions oftentimes Or may this bee the reason for that hee who once hath had his temples circled with a Crowne can neuer after brooke a priuate life because Kings and Kingdomes are euer to bee thought and beleeued to exceed proportion 4 It may further bee demanded what man may rightly be censured and deemed to be ambitious IS hee so to bee deemed and taken who vnder m Aul. Pol. pretence of amplyfying and enlarging the dignity Royall will seeke to dominere ouer others and rule all things according to his owne lusts without cause or reason changing the auncient Officers though neuer so honest at his will and pleasure and suffecting others into their places whom hee well knoweth to be of his owne faction and when time shall serue will fauour his party Or may hee likewise be thought ambitious who with great n Tholoz lib. 22 gifts large promises and all kind and friendly Offices seeketh to conciliate and get the fauour and good will of the people whereby hee may be one step higher to his rising 5 It may further bee demanded why all the Arts cunning and practises by which ambitious men study to climbe to the height of greatnesse are kept so secret that they hardly or neuer burst out or come to be knowne till they haue obtained what they sought for COmmeth it so to passe for that o Mach. disp lib. prim Cap. 46. men do not by and by and as it were vpon the sodaine but by degrees grow ambitious whose progresses being not obserued except of some few they may more easily deceiue and blind mens eyes Or may this rather be the reason for that the ambitious do alwaies p Idem Ibidem vse some honest pretext whereby they may compasse their designes as though all their actions did tend and bend to these ends least the Common-wealth forsooth or themselues should be wronged when the truth is that they striue to get the garland that thereby they may both oppresse others and the weale Publick 6 It may further be demanded how and by what safe meanes it may be prouided for that a man shall not grow too ambitious and insolent in a State or if hee should how his insolency may bee repressed and nipt in the head whilst it is yet in the bud MAy this bee effected if there should neuer way be giuen or meanes affoorded to create or erect any such office or eminent dignity in the Common-wealth out of the which the State might haue cause to feare least in processe of time Tyranny might take her first rising and beginning there-from Or may it rather thus bee compassed if the State take heed and with wary circumspection prouide q Aristophanes in Ranis that they neuer foster cherish orbring vp any Lyons Whelpe much lesse the Lyon himselfe within their Territo ries Or may it thus likewise be done if such wormes and r Tholoz lib. 22. moaths which breed of too much moisture and are wont to consume those things whereof they had their beginnings bee choked or shaken off before they come to any great bignesse or turne the whole Substance of that they feed vpon into their owne Or may it thus likewise bee brought to passe if heed be taken that if by the heate of the bosome of the Common-wealth there bee hatched and nourished any dangerous serpent it bee Å¿ The errour of the Athenians and Florentiues that they would not doe after this Counsell timously exposed to the cold which is the onely way to kill it yet neuer suffer it to hisse other where in a place more commodious least by sucking out the poyson thereof there might follow a deeper stinging Or may this also be effected if heed be taken that the t The practise of Rich. the 2. against the Duke of Hereford and Tho. Mowbray Duke of Norfolke For the King feared Heref. least hauing the loue of the people hee should haue vanquisht Mowbray and so hee banished them both and least also it might haue fallen out that the Duke of Heref. should haue gotten the victory so haue graced himselfe ambitious bee neuer permitted to ingage himselfe in any publique businesse especially neuer employed in Martiall affaires least by the well managing thereof he draw vnto himselfe credit and estimation with the Common-people which hee abusing might afterwards turne to the hurt and dammage of the Weale Publique Or may it bee brought to passe by this menes also if diuers of his u Tholoz lib. 22. owne ranke and quality do bandy with him and of set purpose oppose his proceedings the munition and all other warlike furniture being in the meane time vnder the command of the Prince or Common-wealth Or may this finally be effected if x Mach. disâ— lib. 1. cap. 52. hinderance be giuen to his ambitious designes by the same waies meanes and instruments which he himselfe vsed to climbe to the top of his desires 7 It may lastly be demanded wherefore the more eminent Cities as in particular it may truely bee instanced in and of this Honour able Citie of y So Ia cke Straw his rebellion begun in Kent in the time of Rich. the 2. who was flame by the Right Honourable William Walworth
of Princes IS it because they exactly a Guicchardine know not the matters of State the ends of Princes or how farre this or that businesse effected or neglected doth concerne them Or may this rather bee the reason that b Idem forasmuch as the counsels purposes and designes of Princes differ so farre from the drifts and courses of priuate men it is impossible that the selfe-same proiects should be auaileable to them both For it most what so falleth out that although matters of State determinations of businesses and the commodities or discommodities which may be expected to arise thereof should be knowne as well to priuate men as to Princes themselues their applications censures and iudgements notwithstanding touching the premisses would be diuers as their first ends and intentions were which they had propounded to themselues 2 In the next place it may bee demanded wherefore as wee commonly reade in Histories as out of Tacitus and others that that man whose aide and helpe a Prince hath made vse of bring him to the Crowne within a while after is neither liked nor loued of that Prince but either is fed with the smoake of innouation or made shorter by the head IS it because that some Princes being naturally suspicious do esteeme the faith of those to be fickle to them which they haue proued to haue beene to the damage of others Or is not that the reason but this rather that the very sight of them whose helpe they haue vsed to their rising groweth idious vnto them for that it seemeth to vp-braide them with the basenesse of their former meane fortunes Or may it not be so neither but for that it is c Philipus Cominaeus grieuous vnto some Princes to remember that they owe any thing or that they are any waies beholding to their Subiects 3 It may further bee demanded how that Prince who hath bereaued another of his Kingdome might behaue himselfe to enioy his new-got Empire with safety SShall hee effect this if hee d This was the errour of Seruius Tullius King of the Romanes whō Tarquinius Superbus slew affect him whom he hath so spoyled with new fauours and benefites endeuouring thereby to reconcile him and binde him fast vnto him But it is to bee feared that old iniuries will hardly bee forgotten by collating and bestowing of new benefites vpon the wronged especially if the greatnesse of the iniuries exceede the rate of the benefites as it falleth out commonly in the case of Kingdomes Or shall he bring this about the rather if he e This was the practise of Selimus the Turkish Emperor who being but a yonger brother poysoned Baiazet his father made away Corcut and Acomat his two brethren c. So dealt Rich. the 3. with his two nephewes the sonnes of Edward the 4. with the Duke of Buckingham likewise and others murther and kill all those whom he imagineth to stand in his way or whom hee standeth in doubt of least in time they may become his enemies But if he take these courses he must needs fall into some great mischiefe for he shall ingulfe himselfe in the vast Ocean of the peoples hatred and thereby weaken his owne power against the time he should haue most occasion to vse it 4 It may further bee demanded why it so much importeth Princes and great men to be cautelous that they do not iniury or reproach any man IS it for that hee who is wronged of those who are in f Philipus Cominaeus eminent place and authority perceiuing himselfe to bee daily and hourely shot at and noted for the same grieueth the more therat and so sets vp his rest to take a sharp reuenge Or ought they to be cautelous for this cause likewise g Cominaeus least if the wronged hauing formerly retained vnto them or made any dependency vpon them shold vpon any trust committed vnto him pay them home in neglecting or vtterly ouerthrowing their chiefest businesses 5 It may further be demanded why it greatly importeth a Prince to bee Vertuous Honourable of his word iust and of good Example among all men as well Forreigners as Domestiques IS it for that he may be thought vnfit h Xenophon in Paedia Cyri. to gouern who is not better euery way then those who are to bee gouerned Or is it not for that cause onely but for that i Sen. 1. de Clementia his good name and fame likewise at home and abroad is greatly blemished and stained if the course of his life and dealings bee not currant Or ought hee to bee such an one for the better stablishing of his Kingdome also k Sen. Thiest For where there is no shame care of doing of Iustice Sanctity Piety keeping of promise thatkingdom must needs bee vnstable and the State tottering 6 It may be the same purpose further demanded why a Prince ought to be iust to make speciall reckoning of the administration thereof equally to his Subiects ey to do iustice vpon himselfe if hee desire to be held for a good Prince IS it for that l Plato in Polit. a Lawlesse Principallity and loose gouernement is yrksome to euery one especially of the better sort so that they do not delight or haue any desire to liue vnder it Or is it for that the constant and strict obseruation and administration of Iustice doth stablish and strengthen a Kingdome as the m Cic. Parad. Oratour well perceiued who said that Iustice and Equity were the true conseruators of Common-wealthes and Cities Or is it not onely for that iustice doth stablish a Kingdome but for that it doth truely make a kingdome to be a Kingdome giuing vnto it his very essence and being whereby it is that which it is For take away Iustice and what are Kingdomes but great Robberies as well said the n August de Ciuil Dei lib. 4. learned Diuine 8 It may further be demanded why many Princes are very fearefull suspicious and iealous of their estates IS it because that o Attius Kingdomes are commonly subiect to treacheries Or is this rather the reason for that the p Sen. Oedip. nature of most Princes is prone to feare and be iealous of their Estates as well said the Poet q Sen. in Agam. Kingdomes and Mariages brooke no riuals 9 It may further bee demanded wherefore all credit countenance honors and authority in Court are for the most part slippery and not to be trusted vnto HAppeneth it thus by reason of the Fates vncertainty as it pleaseth the r Tacit. 3. Annalium Historian to set downe who auerreth that Court-fauours euen by decree of the destinies are not alwaies lasting Or might this rather be the reason for that ſ Tacit. 17. Annalium Courtiers credites are commonly vpheld by others and not by their owne strengths Or not so neither but for that these things thus fall out through the fault of the Princes their Maisters whom
counted for the best which are a Guicch more stirring sharpe and acute fiery and subtile then ordinary But these noble and excellent wits for the most part do proue very crosse and are oftentimes the cause of much disquietnesse turmoile and trouble to him who is indued therewith Or may those rather bee taken for the best which though b Idem more blunt yet are more certaine and lasting and for the most part are more fortunate then the other 2 It may further be demanded why in one and the selfe-same Citie there may be found many distinct families whose manners and conditions are particular to themselues as wee read amongst the Romanes that the Manlij were euer sterne and seuere the Publicolae courteous and gentle the Appij proud and ambitious c. COmmeth this to passe by reason of the diuersity of their temperatures But that as it may bee thought might be changed and altred by the variety of Marriages Or may this rather be the cause for that euery Family hath a peculiar manner of bringing vp their children for this commonly holdeth true c Mach. Disput de Repub. lib. 3. cap. 46. whatsoeuer manners and opinions are instilled into the minds of youth in their infancy they will hardly or neuer bee remoued but continue with them euen to their old age 3 It may bee further demanded why d Liu. in his bookes affirmeth this of the Frenchmen diuers Nations at the first assault or onset giuen seeme to bee magnanimious and very fierce and forward to the battell but within a while after doe grow very fearefull and turne Cowards MAy the cause consist in any peculiar affect in their natures But it is possible that e Mach. disput Cap. 36. nature from day to day may bee corrected and amended Or might this rather bee the reason that such Nations being f Idem Ibidem without order or exercise of Military Discipline are not enabled with such ordinary manhood as may establish their hearts and mindes making them to conceiue an assured hope of victory and therefore if they be not vanquishers in the first assault they straight waies quit the field And this vnder correction I take to be the true reason of their fearefulnesse and running away 4 It may further bee demanded wherefore diuers men euen lewd persons hauing many times occasions offered them to commit some memorable and notable villany notwithstanding for the most part they dare not attempt it or put it in practise and execution IS it for that they are afraid least they should g Mach. disp lib. â— cap. 27. incurre the note of infamy But the greatnesse of the thing might happily couer the badnesse of the fact and likewise protect the party from danger Or do they abstaine from perpetrating and committing such horrtble villany by reason of their h Idem Ibidem owne in-bred goodnesse or nice touch of their conscience But such godly and holy motions do neuer enter into the hearts of such lewd lossels Or may this rather bee the reason for that by nature it is not affoorded to the most men to be i Idem Ibidem absolutely euill or perfectly good 5 It may further be demanded why there should bee such and so great difficulty in chaunging or amending old customes though most men conuicted secretly in their consciences by euident truth should confesse they were altogether vnprofitable and dangerous to the Common-wealth to continue them MAy this bee the reason for that although some good Citizens or Patriots foreseeing the danger do perswade the change thereof yet they should not be able fully to turne the peoples mindes by reason of others oppositions Or may this rather be the cause for that most men stand so affected and affectionated to their auncient course of liuing that they would not willingly depart there-from Or may this bee the reason of the difficulty of amending euill customes for that there is euer a want of proportionable meanes agreeable to the Lawes to bring that businesse about so that they must bee driuen to flie to new courses altogether which seldome proue fortunate Or may this rather bee the reason for that if some few or any one man should go about to change the forme of gouernement it should bee necessary for him first by force to inuade the State and then to seize the liberties thereof into his hands which might bee thought not to bee the part of a good man and therefore hee will rather desist from his purpose then do his Cittizens so much good Or may this bee a further reason for that the most men are perswaded that there can scarcely be that man found who hauing once brought a State vnder subiection by ill meanes would afterwards vse that power and authority which hee had so ill gotten to the benefite and good of the people SECT I. CHAP. VIII Of Benefites and when to bee bestowed Of Ingratitude and how a friend may be purchased that a man may trust vnto 1 It may bee demanded when Benefites are to bee bestowed vpon a man ARE they to bee collated vpon him a Mach. dâ—sp lib. primo cap. 23. iust at that time when the bestower of them is compelled so to doe as needing the present help of such a man or for some priuate end to himselfe best knowne But this manner of giuing should seeme to be very extrauagant and distastefull to the receiuer as thinking that they were collated vpon him by reason of the parties necessity which once serued he would neuer conferre more vpon him Or are they not so to bee collated vpon any man but b Idem Ibidem timously rather before hee which may haue need of them shall haue occasion to vse them or the Collator thereof the person 2 It may further be demanded wherefore they who haue c As Charond as amongst the AEginensians The mistocles amongst the Athenians Camillus Scipio c. among the Romans were imprisoned banished or put to death best deserued of a Common-wealth are oftentimes worst recompenced and requited IS this the reason for that d Pindarus there is nothing lesse lasting then the very name of a Benefite Or is this rather the cause for that it is c This was proper to the Athenians and Lacedaemonians appropriate and peculiar to certaine Common-wealths so to enuy those which excell in vertue and goodnesse as they themselues being not able to follow and imitate them therein seeke to spoile them of their gouernement and Empire Or may this rather be the reason that some f Philip. Comin standing too much vpon their owne merites haue borne themselues too proudly against tje State or their owne society Or might this likewise bee the cause for that those who either by their rare exploits or cunning ambition creepe into the fauour of the people at home and hunt after renowne and admiration abroad may seeme to dimme the glory of their Princes who
in Smith-field whereby the Citie for that honourable seruice had the Dagger added to their Armes So Iacke Cade his conspiracy and rebellion in Henry the 6. his daies came from Kent likewise So Kets conspiracie came from Norfolke in the time of Edw. the 6. So the rebellion in the North was moued against Q Elizabeth of Famous memory by impious Pius Quintus B. of Rome So the powder-treason was plotted contriued in our Soueraigne Lord King Iames his London are generally free from plotting practising or contriuing any treasons rebellions insurrections mutinies c. against the Prince or State when other more remote parts of the Kingdome are and euer haue beene more subiect to put in practise such hellish proiects IS it for that in the more famous and eminent Cities where the Magistrates are commonly more carefull and watchfull then other where the plotters of treasons and rebellions cannot so conueniently conueene and come to together to consult about their villanies without being noted obserued and espied as they may do vnder any colourable pretext in the Countries neere adioyning or other remote parts from such Cities Or is it not for this cause alone but for that in such eminent Cities and in particular within this Citie of London the word of God is more plentifully Preached whereby the Citizens are better instructed in their duties to God and their Prince then commonly they are in all the Countrie besides Or may this bee a further reason for the said Citie of London in particular for that as well the chiefe Magistrate thereof as other worthy time by diuers Gentlemen in seuerall Countries But in all these there was neuer a Citizen in any of them Citizens therein are neerer to the Court and by reason of their eminent places and prime Offices which they beare and daily do execute for the Prince and in his name to the good of Towne and Country haue euer more dependance of their Prince then in other places further distant there-from the other subiects can haue whereby it commeth to passe that they neuer desire innouations nor engage themselues and their estates by plotting of treasons raising rebellions c. but content themselues with their owne conditions studying to loue and to bee beloued of their Prince which things are not so well performed by particulars in places further distant therefrom as hath beene shewed Or to conclude may this likewise be the reason for that the said Citie of London being the Chamber of the Prince wherin hee euer presumeth that hee may be most safe the Citizens euen out of their loue and loyalty to their Prince haue euer thought foule scorne that themselues should be found vntrue or disloyall or that themselues or their Citie should be branded with the hatefull name of Traytors or hauing treason rebellion or treachery batched in it SECT I. CHAP. XI Of Studies dispositions whence the diuersitie thereof may proceed Of Learning likewise knowledge of tongues and Histories how necessary auaileable they are in generall but especially for a Prince that thereby he may more cleerly see and exactly iudge of his owne affaires Of Intelligence and the vse and benefit thereof 1 It may be demanded whence the varieties of studies and diuersity of dispositions of men might proceed DOth this diuersity happen by a Fran. Guicch reason of the varietie of times and places Or not so neither but by the mutabilitie of the vnstable multitude rather of whom this Prouerbe is truly verified So many men so many mindes Or falleth it out thus the rather by reason of the b Tholozanus difference of yeares and vnlikenesse of manners of the inhabitants of one and the selfe-same kingdome the desires and ends of the Nobles Senators and people being cleane contrary one to the other 2 It may further be demanded wherefore wise men haue in all ages greatly indeuoured to perswade all men to get learning and knowledge before any other thing WAs it because they plainly saw and perceiued that it was the best meanes c Sen. Epist 98. to purge and purifie the mindes of men whereby they might bee apted to receiue and retaine vertuous precepts Or might this be the reason for that they well knew that the embracing of good letters was d Quintilian lib. 12. the high-way to wisedome by which the policie of a State is most aduanced 3 It may further be demanded wherefore the knowledge and skill of languages is necessary and profitable for all men but especially for a Prince and priuy Councellour MAy this be the reason for that all men are commonly well pleased to e Guicch vnderstand to be vnderstood of those with whom they shall chaunce to haue any dealing Or may this be the cause for that a man being skilfull in the tongues can f Cominaeus better explaine himselfe and his owne meaning and shall much better bee vnderstood then if he should deale by an Interpretor Or may this likewise be a maine reason for that many times it falleth out that a priuy Councellor is to take notice of some serious businesses which mightily import the State to know and bee secret in which things can neuer be related and transacted so well nor to such good purpose if for want of knowledge of the tongues the Councellor or Relator must of necessity vse the helpe of some third person Or may the knowledge of tongues bee thought so auaileable to a Prince or Statesman for the entertaining and giuing audience to Embassadors hearing of their messages be they hostile or friendly and giuing them their dispatches answeres and dismissions 4 It may further bee demanded wherefore wise men haue held the knowledge of Histories to be the readiest way whereby a man may become wise calling g Tacit. 4. Annal Cic. de Orator Diodorus Siculus Cominaeus History the life and soule of memory the light of truth director of mans life c IS it because that by reading of Histories a man shall truely find h Diod. Sicul. 1. Bibliorum Vertue to haue her due praise and honour giuen her as contrariwise to Vice her due shame and reproofe Or may this bee the reason for that i Plutarchus in Timolâ—onte History is auialeable to instruct any priuate man of what degree soeuer how to flame his life and carry himselfe with commendation in the eye of the world when as in a glasse he shall see how to beautifie compose it according to the patterne of other mens vertues Or may this bee a further reason for that thereby a man may k Liuy lib. become a Statesman and know how to manage publique affaires drawing his rules and directions out of old Antiquities and times passed as out of a Store-house and making application thereof to the time present 5 It may further be demanded what may be the chiefe vse benefit and end of Intelligence MAy it be beneficiall to a Prince or State because he may