at the beginning of winter but sée that ye cut of all their smal branches hard by the stocke then ye may plant them where ye think good so as they may remayne In taking vp trees note YE may well leaue the maister roote in the hole when ye digge him vp if the remooued place be good for hym cutte of the maister rootes by the stubbe but pare not of all the small rootes and so plante him and he shall profyte more thus than others with all their maister rootes When as trées be great they must be disbranched or bowes cut of before they be set againe or else they will hardly prosper If the trées be great hauing great braunches or bowes when ye shall digge them vp ye must disbranch them afore ye set them againe for when trées shalbe thus proined they shall bring great Cyons from their rootes which shall be franke and good to replant or set in other places and shall haue also good braunches and rootes so that after it shal not néede to graffe them any more but shall continue one after another to be frée and good ¶ How to couche the rootes when they are proyned IN setting your trées agayne if ye will dresse the rootes of such as ye haue proyned or cut of the branches before ye shall leaue all such small rootes which growe on the great roote and ye shall so place those rootes in replanting againe not déepe in the earth so that they maye soone growe and put forth cions which being well vsed ye may haue fruite so good as the other afore mencioned being of thrée or foure yeares growth as afore is declared ¶ What trees to proyne THis way of proyning is more harder for the greate Cherry called Healmier than for the plum trée Also it is verye requisite and méete for those cyons or trées which be graft on the wilde sowre Cherry trée to be proynned also for diuers and sundry causes ¶ Why the sowre cherry dureth not so long as the healmier or great cherry THe wilde and sowre cherry of his owne nature wil not so long time endure as the great healme cherry neyther can haue sufficient sappe to nourish the graffes as the great healme cherry which is graft therfore when ye haue proyned the braunches beneath and the rootes also so that ye leaue rootes sufficient to nourishe the trée then set him If ye cut not of the vnder rootes the trée will profite more easier and also lighter to be knowne when they put forth cyons from the roote of the same the which ye may take hereafter To graffe one great Cherie vpon another YE must haue respect vnto the healme Cherrie which is gratf on the wilde goynire which is another kinde of grate Cherrie whether you do proyne them or not it is not materiall for they dure a long time But ye must sée to take away the cions that doe growe from the roote of the wilde goynire or wilde Plum trée bicause they are of nature wilde and doe draw the sap from the sayde trée ¶ Of deepe setting or shalow TO set your stockes or trées somewhat déeper on the hye groundes than in the valleyes bycause the sunne in Sommer shall not dry the roote and in the low grounde more shallow bycause the water in winter shal not dround or annoy the rootes Some doe marke the stocke in taking it vp and so to set him againe the same way bicause he wil not alter his nature so likewise the graffes in graffing The fourth Chapter doth shewe howe to set other trees which come of wilde cyons prickked in the earth without rootes and also of proyning the meaner cyons Trees taking roote prickt of braunches THere be certayne which take roote being pricked of braunches proyned of other trées which be the Mulberrie the Fig trée the Quince trée the Seruice trée the Pomegranade trée the Apple trée the Damson trée and diuers sortes of other Plum trées as the Plum trée of Paradise c. ¶ How one ought to set them FOr to set these sortes of trées ye must cut off the cions twigges or boughes betwixt Alhallowtide and christmasse not lightly after Ye shal choose them which be as great as a little staffe or more and looke whereas ye can finde them fayre smooth and straight and full of sap wythall growing of yong trées as of the age of thrée or foure yeares growth or there abouts and looke that ye take them so from the trée with a brode chysell that ye breake not or lose any part of the barke thereof more than halfe a foote beneath neyther of one side or other then proyne or cut of the braunches and pricke them one foote deepe in the earth well digged and ordered before How to binde them that be weake THose plantes which be slender ye must proyne or cut of the branches then binde them to some stake or such like to be set in good earth and well medled with good dung and also to be well and déepely digged and to be set in a moyst place or else to be well watered in Sommer How one ought to digge the earth for to set them in AND when that yet woulde set them in the earth yée must first prepare to digge it and dung it well thorow out a large foote déepe in the earth And whē as ye will set them euery one in his place made before with a crowe of yron and for to make them take roote the better ye shall put with your plantes of watered otes or barely and so yée shall let them growe the space of thrée or foure yeares or when they shall be well branched then ye may remoue thē and if ye breake of the old stubby roote and set them lower they wil last a long time the more If some of those plantes do chaunce to put forth cions from the roote and being so rooted ye must plucke them vp though they be tender and set them in other places Of Cions without rootes IF that the sayde plantes haue of Cyons without rootes but which come from the trée roote beneath then cut them not off till they be of two or thrée yeares growth by that tyme they wyll gather of rootes to be replanted in other places To plant the Figge tree THe sayde plantes taken of figge trées graffed bée the best ye may likewise take other sortes of figge trées and graffe one vpon the other for lyke as vpon the wylde trées doe come the Pepins euen so the figge but not so soone to prosper and growe How to set Quinces LYkewise the nature of Quinces is to spring if they be pricked as aforesayde in the earth but sometimes I haue graffed with great difficultie saith mine author vpon a whyte throne and it hath taken and borne fruite to looke on fayre but in tast more weaker than the other The way to set Mulberies THere is also another waye to set Mulberies as followeth which is if ye do cut in winter
dung of Oxen to be next about the rootes and ye shall also abate the mosse of the trées with a great knife of wood or such like so that ye hurt not the barke thereof When ye ought to vncouer your trees in Sommer IN the tyme of Sommer when the earth is scantly halfe moyst it shall be good to digge at the foote of the trées al about on the roote such as haue not béene vncouered in the Winter before and to meddle it with good fat earth and so fill it againe and they shall doe well when ye ought to cut or proyne your trees ANd if there be in your trées certain branches of superfluous wood that ye will cut of tary vntill the time of the entring in of the sappe that is when they begin to bud as in March and Aprill then cut of as ye shal sée cause all such superfluous braunches hard by the trée that therby the other braunches may prosper the better for then they shall sooner close their sappe vpon the cut places than in the Winter which should not do so well to cut them as certain do teach which haue not good experience But for so much as in this time the trées be entring into the sap as is aforesayde Take héede therefore in cutting then of your great braunches hastily that through their great waight they do not cleaue or seperate the barke from the trée in any part thereof Howe to cut your great braunches and when ANd for the better remedie First you shall cut the same great braunches halfe a foote from the trée and after to sawe the rest cleane of hard by the body of the trée then with a brode Chisell cut all cleane and smooth vpon y e place then couer it with Oxe dung Ye may also cut them well in Winter so that ye leaue the trunke or braunch somewhat longer so as ye may dresse and cut them againe in March and Aprill as is before mentioned ¶ Howe ye ought to leaue these greae braunches cut OTher thinges here are to be shewed of certaine great and old trées only which in cutting the great braunches thereof truncheon wise doe renewe againe as Wallnuts Mulbery trée Plum trées Cherry trées with others which ye must disbraunch the bowes thereof euen after Alhallowtide or as soone as their leaues be falne of and likewise before they begin to enter into sap ¶ Of trees hauing great braunches THe sayde great braunches when ye shall disbraunche them ye shall so cut them of in suche truncheons of length on the trée that the one maye be longer than the other that when the cions be growne good and long thereon ye may graffe on them againe as ye shall sée cause according as euery arme shall require ¶ Of barrennesse of trees the time of cutting yll braunches and of vncouering the rootes SOmetimes a man hath certaine olde trées which be almost spent as of the Peare trées and Plum trées and other great trées the which beare scant of fruite but when as ye shall sée some braunches well charged therewith then ye ought to cut of all the other yll braunches and bowes to the ende that those that remaine may haue the more sap to nourishe their fruite as also to vncouer their rootes after Alhallowtide and to cleaue the most greatest rootes therof a foote from the tronke and put into the sayde cleftes a thin slate of hard stone there let it remaine to the ende that the humour of the trée may enter out thereby and at the ende of Winter ye shall couer him againe with as good and fat earth as ye can get and let the stone alone ¶ Trees the which ye must help or pluck vp the rootes AL sortes of trées which spring cions from the rootes as Plum trées all kinde of Cherry trées and small Nutte trées ye must helpe in plucking their Cions from the rootes in Winter assone as conueniently ye can after the leafe is fallen For they do greatly pluck down weaken the said trées in drawing to them the substance of the earth ¶ What doth make a good Nutte BVt chiefly to plant these Cions the best waye is to let them growe and be nourished two or thrée yeares from the roote and then to transplant them or set them in the Winter as is aforesaid The Cions which be taken from the foote of the Hasel trées make good Nuttes and to be of much strength vertue when they are not suffred to grow to long from the roote or foote aforesaide ¶ Trees eaten wyth beastes must be graffed agayne WHen certaine graffes being well in sappe of thrée or foure yeres or thereabouts be broken or greatly endomaged with beastes which haue broken therof it shal little profite to leaue those graffes so but it were better to cut them and to graffe them higher or lower than they were before For the graffes shall take as wel vpon the new as olde Cion being graffed as on the wilde stock but it shall not so soone close as vpon the wilde stock head How your wylde stocke ought not hastily to be remoued IN the beginning when ye haue graffed your graffes on the wilde stock do not then hastily pluck vp those Cions or wilde stockes so graffed vntill ye shall see the graffes put forth a new shewte the which remayning stil ye may graffe thereon againe so that your graffes in hasty remoouing may chaunce to die ¶ when ye cut of the naughtie Cions from the wood WHen your graffes on the stockes shall put foorth of newe wood or a newe shewte as of two or thrée foot◠long and if they put foorth also of other small superfluous cions about the sayd members or braunches that ye would nourishe cut of all such yll cions harde by the heade in the same yeare they are graffed in but not so long as the wood is in sappe till the winter after ¶ Howe sometimes to cut the principall members ALso it is good to cut some of the principall members or braunches in the first yeare if they haue to many and then agayne within two or thrée yeares after when they shal be well sprong vp the graffes well closed on the head of the stock ye may trim and dresse them againe in taking away the superfluous braunches if any there remaine for it is sufficient ynough to nourishe a yong trée to leaue him one principall member on the heade so that he may be one of those that hath ben graffed on the trée before yea and the trée shall be fayrer and better in the ende than if he had two or thrée braunches or precidens at the foote But if the trée haue ben graffed with many great cions thē ye must leaue him more largely according as ye shall sée cause or néede to recouer the cleftes on the head of the sayde graffe or stocke ¶ Howe to guide and gouerne the sayde trees WHen that your trées doe begin to springe ye must order sée
as good fruite as the trée they came off it shall not be néedefull to proyne or cut of the branches therof when ye set them if they be not great but those that ye doe set let them be but of two or thrée yeares growth and if ye shal sée those cions which ye haue planted not to be fayre and good or doe growe and prosper not well then in the spring time cut them of harde by the roote that other small cyons may growe therof ¶ To set Damsons or Plum trees IN setting damsons or plum trées which fruit ye would haue lyke to the trées they came off if the sayde trées be not graft before ye shall take onely the cyons that growe from the roote of the olde stock which groweth wyth small twigges and plant or set them and their fruite shalbe like vnto the trées they were taken off ¶ To take plum graffes and to graffe them on other plum trees ANd if your Plum trées be graft already and haue the lyke fruite that you desire ye may take your graffes therof and graffe them on your Plum trées and the fruite that shall come thereof shalbe as good as the fruite of the cion which is taken from the roote bycause they are much of like effect ¶ To set all sortes of Cheries TO set all sortes of great Cheries and others ye must haue the graffes of the same trées and graffe them on other Cherrye trées although they be of a sower fruite and when they are so graft they wil be as good as the frute of the trée whereof the graffe was taken for the stones are good but to set to make wilde cyons or plantes to graffe on ¶ The maner how one may order both plum trees and cherry trees FOR so much as these are two kinde of trées that is to vnderstande the Cherry and the Plum trée for when they be so grafte their rootes be not so good nor so frée as the branches aboue wherfore the cions that do come fro the rootes shall not make so good and franke trées of It is therefore to be vnderstoode how the maner and sort is to make franke trées that may put forth good cions in time to come which is when they be great and good then if ye will take those cions or yong springes from the rootes ye may make good trées thereof and then it shal not néede to graffe them any more after but to augment one by the other as ye do the cions from the roote of the nutte as is aforesayde and ye shall do as followeth How to graffe Plum trees and Cherry trees YE may well graffe Plum trées great Cherry trées in such good order as ye list to haue them and as hereafter shall be declared in the fifth Chapter followyng for these woulde be graffed while they are yong and small and also graft in the grounde for thereby one maye dresse and trim them the better and put but one graffe in eche stocke of the same Cleaue not the heart but a little on the one side nor yet déepe or long open How ye must proyne or cut your trees FOr when your graffes be well taken on the stocke and that the graffes do put foorth faire and long about one yeres growth ye must proyne or cut the braunche of commonly in winter when they proyne their vines a foote lower to make them spred the better then shall ye meddle all thorowe with good fat earth the which will drawe the better to the place which ye haue so proyned or cut The conuenientest way to clense and proyne or dresse the rootes of trees ANd for the better clensing and proyning trées beneth is thus ye shall take away all the wéedes and grasse about the rootes then shall ye digge them so rounde about as ye woulde séeme to plucke them vp and shal make them halfe bare then shall ye enlarge the earth about the rootes and where as ye shall sée them grow faire and long place or couche them in the sayde hole and earth againe then shall ye put the cut ende of the trée where he is graft somewhat more lower than his rootes were whereby his cions so graft shall spring so much the better When the stocke is greater than the graffes WHen as the trée waxeth or swelleth greater beneath the graffing than aboue then shal ye cleue the rootes beneath and wreath them round and so couer them again But sée ye breake no roote thereof so wil he come to perfection But most men doe vse this way if the stocke waxe greater than the graffes they do slyt downe the barke of the graffes aboue in two or thrée partes or as they shall sée cause thereof and so likewise if the graffes waxe greater aboue than the stocke ye shall slitte downe the stocke accordingly with the edge of a sharpe knife This may well be done at any time in Marche April and Maye in the cresce of the Moone and not lightly after The remedie when any bough or member of a tree is broken IF ye shal chaunce to haue boughes or members of trées broken the best remedy shall be to place those bowes or members right sone againe then shall ye comfort the rootes with good newe earth and bynde fast those broken bowes or members both aboue and beneath so let them remayne vnto another yeare till they may close and put forth of newe cions ¶ When a member or bough is not broken how ro proyne them WHere as yée shall sée vnder or aboue superfluous Bowes ye may cut or proyne off as ye shall sée cause all such bowes harde by the trée at a due tyme in the winter folowing But leaue all y e principall branches and whereas any are broken let them be cut off beneath or else by the grownd and cast them away thus must ye do yearely or as ye shall sée cause if ye will kéepe your trées well and fayre How one ought to enlarge the hole about the tree rootes IN proyning your trées if there be many rootes ye must enlarge them in the hole and so to wreath them as is aforesayde and to vse them without breaking then couer them againe with good fat earth which ye shall mingle in the sayde hole and it shall be best to be digged all ouer a little before and sée that no branche or roote be left vncouered and when ye haue thus dressed your trées if anye roote shall put forth or spring hereafter out of the sayde holes in growing ye may so proine them as ye shal sée cause in letting them so remaine two or thrée yeares after vnto such time as the sayde graffes be sprong vp and well branched How to set small staues by to strengthen your cyons TO auoyde daunger ye shall sette or pricke small staues about your cions for feare of breaking and then after thrée or foure yeares when they be 〈◊〉 â—raunched yée maye then set or plant them in good earth
ioynts togithers and when ye shal plant or set them looke that your grounde be well digged in the Winter before then in Ianuary ye may both cut and plant but cut not in the frost for that is daunger of al kind of trées or ye may plant in the beginning of February and when ye do plant ye shall take two of those plantes set or lay them togither a foote déepe in the earth for two plants set togither wil not so sone faile as one alone and lay them a foote long wise in the earth so that there may be aboue the earth thrée or foure ioyntes ye may plant a yong cion with the olde so that he be thicke or nigh ioynted for then he is the better to roote also to bring fruite then when ye haue set or layd them in the earth then couer them wel therwith in treading it fast downe vnto the plants but let the ends of your cions or plantes be turned vpright aboue the earth thrée or foure ioyntes if there shall be more when they be set ye shall cut them of and ye shall cut them alwaies in the middes betwéene the two ioyntes and then let them so grow and sée that ye wéede them alwaies cleane and once a moneth loose the earth rounde about them and they shall prooue the better if it be very dry and hote in the Sommer after ye may water them in making a hole with a crow of yron to the roote there ye shal poure in water in the euening As for the proyning of them is when the grape is taken and clustered then ye maye breake the next ioynt or two after the grape of al such superfluous cions as ye shal sée cause which wil cause the grape to waxe bigger ye may also breake awaye all suche superfluous buddes or slender braunches which commeth about the roote or on the vnder braunches which ye thinke will haue no grape and when ye proyne or cut them in Winter following ye shall not cut the yong cion nigh the olde by thrée or foure ioynts ye shall not cut them like oziars to leaue a sort of heads togither on one braunch which doth kil your vine ye shal leaue but one head or two at the most of the yong cions vppon the olde braunch and to cut those yong cions thrée or foure knottes or ioynts of for the yong cion doth carry the grape alwayes and when ye leaue vpon a great braunch manye cions they can not be wel nourished after ye haue so cut them in Winter ye shal bind them with cziars in placing those yong braunches as ye shall sée cause and in the spring tyme when the braunches are tender ye shall binde them so that the stormie tempest or winde do not hurt them and to binde them withall the best is great soft rushes and when the grape is clustered then ye may breake of all such braunches as is afore declared vpon one old braunch thrée or foure heads be ynough for the more heads your braunch hath the worse your grape shalbe nourished when ye cut of any braunch cut him of hard by or nigh the old braunch if your Vine ware olde the best remedie is if there grow any yong cion about the râ—…te ye shal in the Winter cut of the old Vine hard by the ground or as nigh as ye can and lot the yong Vine lead and he wil continue a long time if ye couer and fill the place about the roote with good earth agayne There is also vpon or by euery cluster of grapes a small cion like a pigges tayle turning about which doth take away the sappe from the grape if ye pinche it of hard by the stalke of your grape your fruite shalbe the greater if your Vine waxe to ranke and thicke of braunches ye shall digge the roote in Winter and open the earth and fill it vp againe with sande and ashes blend togither where as a Vine is vnfruitfull and doth not beare ye shall bore a hole with an anger vnto the hart or pith in the bodye or thickest part therof then put in the said hole a small stone but fill not the hole close therewith but so that the sicknesse of the Vine may passe therby TheÌ„ lay al about the roote of good earth mingled with good dung and so shal he not be vnfruitful but beare wel euer after or also to cast of old mens vrine or pisse all about the roote of the barren vine and if he were halfe lesâ— or marde he should grow againe waxe fruitfull as before this is to be done in Winter To haue grapes without stones FOr to haue grapes without stones ye shall take yong plantes or braunches and shall set or plant the toppe or small ende downewarde in the earth and so ye may set two of them togithers for fayling as I haue afore declared of the others and those braunches shall bring grapes without stones To make your Vine to bring a grape to taste like Claret TO make your Vine to haue a grape to tast like claret wine and pleasaunt withall ye shall bore a hole in the stocke vnto the heart or pith therof then shall ye make a lectuary with the pouder of Cloues of Cinamon mingled with a little fountayne or running water and fill the sayde hole therewith and stop it fast and close with waxe and so binde if fast theron with a linnen cloth those grapes shall taste lyke claret wine Of gathering your grapes AL grapes that men do cut before they are thorow ripe the wine shal not be natural nor yet shall long endure good but if ye will cut or gather grapes to haue them good and to haue good wine thereof ye shall cut them in the full or soone after the full of the moone when she is in Cancer in Leo in Scorpio and in Aquarius the moone being in the waine and vnder the earth To knowe if your Grape be ripe ynough FOr to know if your grapes be rype ynough or not which ye shall not onely know in the taste but in sight and tast togither as in taste if they be swéete and full in eating and in sight if the stones will soone fall out being chafed or bruised which is the best knowledge and also whether they be white or blewe it is all one matter the good grape is he which commeth out all watry or those which be al clammy as byrdlyme by these signes shall ye knowe when to cutte being thorow rype or not and whereas you doe presse your Wine ye must make your place swéete and cleane your vessels within to be clean also and sée that they haue strong heddes and those persons which doe presse the grape must looke their handes féete and bodie be cleane washed when as they go to pressing the grape that no woman be there hauing there termes and also ye shal eate of no Cheboles Scalions Onyons or Garlike Annyséedes or such like
in the Sunne and wel prepared and drest as it is sayde in the other part before of the Pepins How to dung your bastard or wilde young trees which come of Pepins ABout Aduent before Christmas ye must digge dung well the place where as ye wyll set them and make your square of earth euen and plaine so large as ye shall thinke good then set your wilde trées so far one frō another as ye thinke mete to be graft so that thei may be set in euē rankes and in good order that when néede shall require ye may remooue or renue any of them or any part thereof How ye ought in replanting or setting to cut of in the middes the principall great rootes IN what part so euer ye doe set any trées ye must cut of the great maister roote within a foote of the stocke and all other bigge rootes so that ye leaue a foote long thereof and so let them be set and make your rankes crosse wyse one from another halfe a foote or thereabouts and ye must also sée that there be of good dung more déepe and lower than ye do set your trées to comfort the sayd rootes withall ¶ Howe ye ought to set your trees in ranke YE shal set your small yong trées in rankes half a large foote one from another and let them be couered as ye do set them with good fat earth all ouer the rootes ¶ How to make the space from one ranke to another YE shall leaue betwene your rankes from one ranke to another one foote or there aboutes so that ye maye passe betwéene euery ranke for to cleanse them yf neede require and also for to graffe any part or parcell thereof when time shalbe méete But ye must note in making thus your rankes ye shall make so many allies as rankes And if ye thinke it not good to make so many allies then deuide those into quarters of fiue foote broade or thereabouts and make or set foure rankes in eche quarter of the same one foote from another as ye vse to set great Cabbage And as soone after as ye haue set them in rankes and in good order as is aforesaide then shall ye cut of all the sets euen by the grounde But in thus doing sée that ye do not plucke vp or loose the erth which is about them or if ye will ye may cut them before ye do set them in rankes If ye do so sée that ye set them in such good order and euen with the erth as is aforesayde And it shal suffice also to make your rankes as ye shal sée cause And loke that ye furnish the earth al ouer with good dung without mingling of it in the earth nor yet to couer the sayd plantes withal but strowed betwixt and ye must also loke well to the cleansing of wéedes grasse or other such things which will be a hurt to the growth of the plantes ¶ How to water plantes when they waxe drie IT shall be good to water them when the time is drye in the first yeare Then when they haue put foorth of newe cions leaue no more growing but that cion which is the principall and fayrest vpon euery stocke one all the other cut of harde by the stocke and euer as there do grow small twigs about the stocke ye shall in the moneth of March Aprill cut them al of hard by the stock And if ye then stick by euery plant a prety wand and so binde them with Willowe bark brier or osiers it shal profit them much in their growth Then after fiue or sixe yeares growth when they be so bigge as your finger or thereaboutes ye may then remoue any of them whereas ye wil haue them grow and remaine ¶ How one ought to remoue trees and to plant them againe THe maner how ye ought to remoue trées is shewed in the sixt Chapter folowyng then aboute two or thrée yeares after their remouing ye shall graffe them for then they wyll be the better rooted As for the others which ye leaue still in rankes ye may also graffe them where as they stand as ye shal see cause good When ye haue plucked vp the fairest to plant in other places as is aforesayde also the maner howe to graffe them is shewed in the fift Chapter folowing But after they shall be so graft in what place so euer it be ye shall not remoue or set them in other places againe vntil the graffes be wel closed vpon the head of the wilde stocke ¶ VVhen the best time is to replant or remooue WHen the hed of the stock shall be all ouerclosed about the graffes then ye may when ye wyll transplant and remoue them at a due time where they shal continue For with often remouing ye shal do them great hurt in their rootes and be in daunger to make them die ¶ Of negligence and forgetfulnesse IF peraduenture ye forget through negligence and haue let smal cions two or thrée yeares grow about the rootes of your stockes vnplucked vp then if ye haue so done ye may well plucke them vp and set them in rankes as the other of the pepins But ye must set the ranks more larger that they may be remoued without hurting of eche others rootes and cut of all the small twigs aboue as néede shal require though they be set or graffed Order them also in all things as those small cions of a yeres growth It is not so conuenient to graffe the Seruice tree as to set him WHere as ye shal see yong Seruice trées it shalbe most profite in setting them for if ye do graffe them I beleue ye shall winne nothing thereby The best is onely to plucke vp the yung bastard trées when they are as great as a good walking staffe then proyne or cut of their branches and cary them to set whereas they may be no more remoued and they shall profit more in setting than graffing Some trees without graffing bring foorth good fruite and some other being graffed be better to make Syder of IT is here to be marked that though the Pepins be sowen of the pomes of Peares and good Apples yet ye shal finde that some of them doe loue the trée wherof they came and those be right which haue also a smooth barke and as faire as those which be graffed the which if ye plant or set them thus growing from the master roote without graffing thei shal bring as good fruite euen like vnto the Pepin wherof he first came But there be other newe sortes commonly good to eate which be as good to make Syder of as those which shalbe graffed for that purpose When you list to augment and multiplie your trees AFter this sort ye may multiplie them being of diuers sortes and diuersities as of Peares or Apples or such like Notwithstanding whensoeuer shall finde a good trée thus come of the Pepin as is aforesayd so shal ye vse him But if ye will augment trées of
quantitie of Nuttes then laye them in sande the space of .xxx. daies then take and washe them in water fayre and cleane and throwe them into water againe and those which doe sinke to the bottome are good to plant or set and the other that swim are naught thus may ye doe with all other curnels or nuttes To haue all stone fruit tast as ye shall thinke good IF ye wil haue al stone fruit tast as ye shal fansie or think good ye shall first lay your stones to soke in such licor or moysture as ye will haue the fruit taste of and then sette them as for the Date trée as some say he bringeth no fruite except he be a hundred yeares olde the Date stone must soke one moneth in the water before he be sette then shall ye set him with the small ende vpwarde in good fat earth in hote sandy ground foure fingers déepe and when the bowes do beginne to spring then shall ye euerie night sprinkle them wyth raine water or other if ye haue none so long till they be come forth and growne Of graffing the Medlar and Misple FOr to graffe the Medlar or Misple men doe vse to graffe them on the white Hathorne trée they wil prooue well but yet smal and sowre fruit to graffe one Medlar vpon another is the better some men do graffe first the wilding cion vpon the Medlar stock and so when he is well taken and growne then they graffe thereon the Medlar againe the which doth make them more swéete verye great and fayre Of the Figge tree THe Figge trée in some country bereth his fruit foure times a yere the black figges are the best being dried in the sunne and then laid in a vessell in beddes one by another and then sprinckled or strawed all ouer euery laye with fine meale then stop it vp and so it is sent out of the land If the Figge trée will not beare ye shal digge him all about and vnder the rootes in February and take out then all his earth and put vnto him the dung of a priuie for that he liketh best ye maye mingle with it of other fat earth as Pigeons dung mingled with Oyle and Peper stampt which shall forwarde him much to noynte his rootes therewith ye shall not plant the Figge trée in colde times he loueth hote stony or grauely ground and to be planted in Autumne is best Of the Mulbery tree IF ye wil plant the Mulbery trée the Figge trée or others which bring no séede ye shall cut a twigge or braunche from the trée roote of a yeres growth with the old wood or barke about a cubite long which ye shall plant or set all in the earth saue a shaftment long of it and so let it grow in watering it as ye shall see néede This must be done before the leaues begin to spring but take héede that ye cut not the ende or top aboue for then it shall wyther and dry Of trees that beare bitter fruite OF all such trées as beare bitter fruite to make them bring swéeter ye shal vncouer all the rootes in Ianuarie and take out all that earth then put vnto them of Hogges dung great plentie and then after put vnto them of other good earth and so couer them therewithall well againe and their fruit shall haue a swéeter taste thus men may doe with other trées which bring bitter fruit To helpe barren trees HEre is another waye to helpe barren trées that they may bring fruit if ye see your trée not beare scantly in thrée or foure yeares good plentie ye shall bore an hole with an auger or pearcer in the greatest place of the body within a yarde of the grounde but not thorow but vnto or past the hart ye shall bore him a slope then take hony and water mingled togither a night before then put the sayde hony and water into the hole and fill it therewith then stop it close with a shorte pinne made of the same trée not striken into farre for pearcing the licor Another way IN the beginning of Winter ye shall digge those trées round about the rootes and let them so rest a daye and a night and then put vnto them of good earth mingled well with good store of watered otes or with watred barley or wheate layde next vnto the rootes then fill it with other good earth and he shall boare fruit euen as the boring of a hole in the mayster roote and strike in a pinne and so fill him againe shall helpe him to beare as afore declared To keepe your fruit ALl fruite may be the better kept if ye lay them in drye places in drye strawe or hey but hey rypeth to sore or in a barley mowe not touching one the other or in chaffe and in vessels of Iuniper or Sypers wood ye may so kéepe them well in dry salt or hony vpon bordes where as fyre is nighe all the Winter also hanging nie fyre in the Winter in nettes of yarne The Mulbery tree THe Mulbery trée is planted or sette by the Figge trée his fruit is first sowre then swéete he liketh neyther dewe nor rayne for they hurt him ye is well pleased with fowle earth or dung his braunches wil wax dry within euery sixe yeares then must he cut them of as for other trées they ought to be proyned euery yeare as ye shall sée cause and they will be the better and to plant him from mid February to mid March is best Of Mosse on the tree OF the Mosse on your trées ye must not let it to long be vnclensed ye must rub it of with a grate of wood or a rough heare or such like in Winter when they be moyst or wet for then it will of the sooner for mosse doth take away the strength and substance of the fruit makes the trées barren at length when ye sée your trées begin to wax mossy ye must in the winter vncouer their rootes and put vnder them good earth this shall helpe them and kéepe them long without mosse for the earth not stirred aboue the roote is one cause of mossynesse and also the barrennesse of the grounde whereon he standeth and your mosse doth sucker in winter flyes and other vermin and so doth therein hide them in Sommer which is occasion of eating the blossomes and tender cions thereof To keepe Nuttes long FOr to kéepe nuts long ye shal dry them and couer them in dry sande and put them in a drie bladder or in a fatte made of Walnut trée and put of dry Iuie beries therin and they shall be much swéeter To keepe Nuttes gréene a yeare and also freshe ye shall put them into a pot with hony and they shall continue fresh a yeare and the sayd hony will be gentle and good for many medicines To kepe Walnuts fresh and gréene in the time of strayning of Veriuice ye shall take of that pommis put therof in the bottome of a
his roote then fift that earth or else take of other good fat earth without stones and fil al his rootes againe therwith and he shall bring a soft and gentle Peare to eate but ye must see well to the watering of him often The making of Cyder and Pyrry OF Apples and Peares men do make Cyder and Pirrie bycause the vse therof in most places is knowne I wyll here let passe to speake anye further thereof but this in the pressing your Cyder I will counsell you to kéepe cleane your vessels and the places whereas your fruit doth lye and specially after it is brused or broken for then they drawe fylthy ayre vnto them and if it be nygh the Cyder shall be infected therewith and also beare the faste after the infection therof therfore as soone as you can tunne it into cleane and swéete vessels as into vessels of whyte wine or of sacke or clarette and such like for these shall kéepe your Cyder the better and the stronger along time after ye may hang a smal bag of linnen by a thred downe into the lower part of your vessell wyth pouder of Cloues Mace Cynamon Ginger and such lyke which wyll make your Cyder to haue a pleasant taste To helpe frosen Apples OF Apples that be frosen in the colde and extréeme winter The remedy to haue the Ise out of them is this Ye shal lay them first in colde water a while then lay them before the fire or other heate and they shal come to themselues againe To make Apples fall from the tree IF ye put of fiery coles vnder an Apple trée and then cast of the power of brimstone therein and the fume thereof ascend vp and touch any Apple that is wet that Apple shall fall incontinent To water trees in Sommer if they waxe dry about the roote WHereas Apple trées be sette in drye drownde and not déepe in the grounde in Sommer if they want moysture ye shal take of white strawe or other and euery euening or as ye shal sée cause cast theron water al about and it will kéepe the trées moyst from time to time To cherrish Apple trees IF ye vse to throw in Winter al about your Apple trées on the rootes therof the vrine of olde men or of stale pisse long kept they shall bring fruite much better which is good for the Vine also or if ye do sprinckle or annoynt your Appte trée rootes with the Gall of a Bull they shall beare the better To make an Apple growe in a Glasse TO make an Apple growe within a glasse take a glasse what fashion ye list and put your Apple therein when he is but small and binde him fast to the Glasse and the Glasse also to the trée and let him growe thus ye may haue Apples of diuers proportions according to the fashion of your glasse thus may ye make of Coucombers Gourdes or Pomecitrons the like fashion THese thrée braunches figure of graffing in the shielde in Sommer is the first braunch sheweth how the barke is taken off the middle place sheweth how it is sette to and the last braunche sheweth howe to binde him on in sauing the oylet or eye from brusing To graffe many sortes of Apples on one tree YE may graffe on one Apple trée at once many kinde of Apples as on euery braunch a contrarie fruite as is afore declared and of peares the like but sée as nighe as ye can that all your cions be of like springing for else the one will out growe and shaddow the other To colour Apples TO haue colowred Apples with what colour ye shall thinke good ye shall bore slope a hole with an anger in the biggest parte of the bodye of the trée vnto the myddes therof or there abouts then looke what colour ye wil haue them of first ye shall take water mingle your colour therwith then stop it vp againe with a short pinne made of the same wood or tree then waxe it rounde about ye may mingle with the sayde colour what spice ye list to make them tast thereafter thus may ye chaūge the colour tast of any Apple your colours may be of Saffron tourne soule brasel saunders or other what ye shal sée good This must be done before the spring do come some doe say if ye graffe on the Oliue stocke or on the Alder stocke they wil bring red Apples also they say to graffe to haue fruite without core ye shall graffe in both the endes of your Cyon into the stocke when they be fast growne to the stock ye shal cut it in the mids let the smaller end grow vpward or else take a cion graffe the smal ende of the stock downwarde so shall ye haue your apple trée on S. Lamberts day which is the .xvij of September they shal neuer wast consume nor wax dry which I doubt The setting of Vyne plantes THese figures doe shewe how ye ought to plant and sette your Vines in two two togither the one to haue aparte of the olde trée and the other maye be all of the last cyon but when ye plant him with a part of the olde trée he shal commonly take roote the sooner than the new cion ye must wéede them euery moneth and let not the earth be too close aboue their rootes at the first but nowe and then lose it with a spade as ye shall sée a rayne past for then they shal enlarge and put forth better Further herein ye shal vnder stande after How to proyne or cut a Vyne in Winter THis figure sheweth how all Vynes should be proined and cutte in a conuenient time after Christmas that when ye cut them ye shall leaue his braunches very thynne as ye sée by this fygure ye shal neuer leaue aboue two or thrée leaders at the heade of any principall braunch ye must also cut them of in the mydst betwéene the knots of the yung cions for those be the leaders which will bring the grape the rest order ye shall vnderstand as foloweth Of the Vyne and Grape SOmewhat I intende to speake of the ordering of the Vine grape to plant or set the Vyne the plants or sets which be gathered from the vine so planted are best they must not be olde gathered nor lie long vnplanted after they be cutte for then they wyll sone gather corruption and when ye do gather your plantes ye must take héede to cut choose thē whereas ye may with y e yong cion a ioynt of the old wood with the new for y e old wood wil soner take roote than the new better to grow than if it were al yong cion ye shal leaue the old wood to y e yong cion a foote or half a foote or a shaftment long the yong cion ye shall cut the length of three quarters of a yarde or there abouts and ye shall choose of those yong cions that be thickest ioynted or nigh