666._o for_o stephen_n heddi_n express_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o life_n reges_fw-la deindè_fw-la concilium_fw-la cum_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la suae_fw-la gentis_fw-la post_fw-la spatium_fw-la inierunt_fw-la quem_fw-la eligerent_fw-la in_o sedem_fw-la vacantem_fw-la etc._n etc._n responderunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la uno_fw-la consensu_fw-la neminem_fw-la habemus_fw-la meliorem_fw-la &_o digniorem_fw-la nostrae_fw-la gentis_fw-la quam_fw-la wilfridum_n presbyterum_fw-la &_o abbatem_fw-la then_o the_o two_o king_n i._n e._n of_o northumberland_n after_o some_o time_n hold_v a_o council_n with_o the_o wiseman_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n to_o consider_v who_o they_o shall_v choose_v to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a see_v etc._n etc._n and_o they_o all_o unanimous_o answer_v we_o have_v none_o fit_a nor_o more_o worthy_a in_o our_o nation_n than_o wilfrid_n the_o presbyter_n and_o abbot_n and_o thereupon_o be_v present_o elect_v he_o be_v consecrate_v bishop_n the_o next_o authority_n of_o much_o what_o the_o same_o time_n you_o may_v find_v in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript-life_n of_o st._n erkenwald_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n 5._o where_o be_v these_o word_n contigit_fw-la autèm_fw-la episcopus_fw-la londonicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la cedda_fw-mi migravit_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la consensu_fw-la verò_fw-la sebbae_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o vocabulo_fw-la universae_fw-la plebis_fw-la vir_fw-la domini_fw-la erkenwaldus_fw-la in_o cathredrâ_fw-la pontificali_fw-la sublimatus_fw-la est_fw-la i._n e._n but_o it_o happen_v that_o cedda_n bishop_n of_o london_n decease_a erkenwald_n that_o holy_a man_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o king_n sebba_n and_o the_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o people_n be_v promote_v to_o the_o episcopal_a throne_n but_o long_o after_o this_o as_o a_o nameless_a author_n of_o the_o manuscript-life_n of_o st._n dunstan_n inform_v we_o 17._o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n after_o this_o manner_n viz._n postea_fw-la anno_fw-la 958._o factus_fw-la est_fw-la magnus_fw-la sapientûm_fw-la conventus_fw-la in_fw-la loco_fw-la qui_fw-la voco_fw-la bradanforde_n &_o eo_fw-la omnium_fw-la ex_fw-la electione_n ordinatus_fw-la est_fw-la dunstanus_fw-la ad_fw-la episcopum_fw-la wigornensem_fw-la to_o wit_n that_o afterward_o scilicet_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 958._o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o wiseman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v at_o bradanforde_n and_o there_o by_o the_o election_n of_o they_o all_o dunstan_n be_v advance_v to_o be_v bishop_n of_o worcester_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o the_o king_n find_v how_o well_o he_o discharge_v that_o trust_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o commit_v to_o he_o the_o church_n of_o london_n then_o void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o its_o pastor_n or_o bishop_n this_o nomination_n of_o the_o king_n be_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n with_o that_o which_o go_v before_o as_o well_o as_o with_o what_o immediate_o follow_v viz._n that_o brihthelm_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v deprive_v a_o little_a after_o he_o retire_v to_o his_o monastery_n and_o then_o rex_n scilicet_fw-la edgarus_n ex_fw-la divino_fw-la respectu_fw-la &_o sapientûm_fw-la consilio_fw-la constituit_fw-la dunstanum_n ad_fw-la suâ—m_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sacerdotem_fw-la king_n edgar_n both_o from_o a_o divine_a respect_n and_o from_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o wiseman_n constitute_v dunstan_n chief_a bishop_n of_o that_o church_n the_o next_o example_n we_o have_v be_v that_o of_o st._n wulstan_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n who_o as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o that_o church_n in_o his_o manuscript-life_n of_o that_o saint_n about_o anno_fw-la 1170._o be_v send_v for_o on_o purpose_n to_o be_v make_v a_o bishop_n he_o give_v we_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o be_v elect_v thus_o sanctus_n ergò_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la exhibitus_fw-la jubetur_fw-la suscipere_fw-la donum_fw-la episcopatûs_fw-la contrà _fw-la ille_fw-la niti_fw-la &_o se_fw-la tanto_fw-la honori_fw-la imparem_fw-la cunctis_fw-la reclamitantibus_fw-la clamitare_fw-la adeò_fw-la concor_fw-la populus_fw-la in_o unam_fw-la venerat_fw-la sententiam_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la peccaret_fw-la qui_fw-la diceret_fw-la in_o tot_fw-la corporibus_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la negotio_fw-la unam_fw-la conflatam_fw-la esse_fw-la animam_fw-la this_o holy_a man_n be_v call_v before_o the_o great_a council_n for_o so_o curia_n in_o this_o place_n be_v certain_o to_o be_v understand_v he_o be_v command_v to_o accept_v the_o gift_n of_o a_o bishopric_n but_o he_o endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o wave_v the_o acceptance_n of_o it_o allege_v that_o he_o be_v altogether_o unfit_a for_o so_o great_a a_o honour_n but_o the_o whole_a assembly_n not_o admit_v his_o excuse_n they_o all_o unanimous_o come_v to_o this_o resolution_n that_o one_o shall_v not_o have_v tell_v a_o lie_n who_o have_v say_v in_o this_o particular_a affair_n that_o one_o soul_n have_v animate_v so_o many_o body_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o very_o good_a cause_n that_o matthew_n paris_n tell_v we_o concern_v this_o bishop_n election_n 20._o there_o concur_v plebis_fw-la petitio_fw-la voluntas_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la gratia_n procerum_fw-la regis_fw-la authoritas_fw-la have_v thus_o give_v you_o so_o many_o good_a authority_n from_o ancient_a manuscript_n and_o approve_a historian_n of_o the_o power_n of_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v a_o few_o more_o from_o our_o saxon_a annal_n the_o first_o be_v under_o anno_fw-la 970_o which_o relate_v that_o then_o oskytel_n archbishop_n of_o york_n decease_v who_o have_v be_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o martyr_n and_o all_o his_o wiseman_n consecrate_a archbishop_n of_o that_o see_n the_o next_o be_v under_o anno_fw-la 994._o and_o there_o we_o read_v that_o sigeric_a the_o archbishop_n decease_a aelfric_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n be_v elect_v in_o his_o room_n on_o easter-day_n at_o ambresbury_n by_o king_n aethelred_n and_o all_o his_o wiseman_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o not_o only_o the_o king_n but_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v a_o share_n in_o this_o election_n i_o can_v give_v you_o also_o several_a instance_n in_o the_o say_a annal_n of_o divers_a abbot_n elect_v in_o the_o same_o assembly_n to_o the_o great_a monastery_n but_o i_o hope_v what_o i_o have_v do_v already_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o present_a purpose_n and_o therefore_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n be_v judgement_n to_o consider_v whether_o when_o these_o annal_n and_o historian_n inform_v we_o that_o rex_fw-la constituit_fw-la such_fw-mi and_o such_o a_o man_n to_o be_v bishop_n or_o archbishop_n of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o see_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v from_o mr._n washington_n say_v treatise_n that_o when_o this_o or_o that_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v such_o or_o such_o a_o law_n it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o make_v in_o parliament_n i_o shall_v now_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o same_o great_a council_n power_n in_o the_o deprivation_n of_o bishop_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o many_o but_o they_o shall_v be_v such_o example_n as_o be_v of_o undeniable_a authority_n the_o first_o be_v from_o osbern_n in_o his_o life_n of_o archbishop_n dunstan_n late_o print_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o anglia_fw-it sacra_fw-la concern_v the_o deprivation_n of_o archbishop_n brihthelme_v abovemention_v in_o these_o word_n bryhtelmus_fw-la post_fw-la paucos_fw-la suscepti_fw-la pontificatus_fw-la dies_fw-la cogitans_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la tantam_fw-la rem_fw-la minùs_fw-la esset_fw-la idoneus_fw-la jussus_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la discedere_fw-la discessit_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la relictam_fw-la nuper_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la non_fw-la sine_fw-la verecundia_n rediit_fw-la i._n e._n bryhtelme_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o he_o have_v receive_v his_o bishopric_n not_o think_v with_o himself_o that_o he_o be_v fit_a for_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o people_n to_o quit_v it_o depart_v and_o return_v to_o the_o church_n he_o have_v late_o leave_v though_o not_o without_o shame_n but_o that_o john_n of_o wallingford_n be_v very_o well_o satisfy_v that_o this_o archbishop_n be_v deprive_v by_o the_o lay_v as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a part_n of_o the_o great_a council_n appear_v by_o his_o chronicle_n where_o have_v set_v forth_o his_o unfitness_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o too_o great_a easiness_n and_o softness_n of_o temper_n he_o proceed_v thus_o rex_fw-la edgarus_n eadem_fw-la via_fw-la quâ_fw-la ascenderat_fw-la fecit_fw-la eum_fw-la descendere_fw-la nam_fw-la concione_n super_fw-la hoc_fw-la eodem_fw-la facta_fw-la objecit_fw-la bryhthelmo_n plura_fw-la capitula_fw-la nimiam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la remissionem_fw-la morum_fw-la argumenta_fw-la &_o condictione_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la ad_fw-la curam_fw-la solius_fw-la dorcasinae_n ecclesiae_fw-la relabi_fw-la fecit_fw-la that_o be_v king_n edgar_z make_v he_o to_o go_v down_o the_o same_o way_n he_o get_v up_o for_o a_o council_n be_v call_v for_o this_o very_a matter_n he_o object_v several_a article_n against_o this_o bryhtelme_n show_v his_o too_o
then_o have_v find_v cxcviii_o that_o britain_n be_v govern_v by_o carausius_n some_o time_n after_o tho'_o he_o know_v not_o when_o put_v both_o these_o together_o he_o make_v the_o forementioned_a emperor_n bassianus_n be_v betray_v by_o the_o pict_n that_o come_v in_o with_o his_o uncle_n fulgenius_n to_o be_v kill_v in_o fight_n by_o this_o carausius_n tho'_o there_o be_v a_o distance_n of_o some_o 70_o year_n between_o they_o but_o that_o be_v nothing_o with_o geoffery_n he_o write_v i_o dare_v say_v what_o may_v be_v true_a for_o aught_o he_o know_v nor_o have_v geoffery_n err_v alone_o but_o have_v also_o lead_v john_n fordun_n and_o hector_n boethius_n the_o scotch_a historian_n into_o the_o same_o error_n who_o as_o the_o say_v learned_a bishop_n observe_v make_v this_o fulgenius_n who_o they_o call_v a_o british_a consul_n his_o name_n a_o little_a alter_v into_o fulgentius_n to_o have_v head_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n in_o this_o war_n with_o severus_n but_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o for_o geoffery_n be_v once_o expose_v as_o he_o deserve_v those_o that_o write_v from_o he_o will_v need_v no_o other_o confutation_n after_o the_o death_n of_o severus_n ccxi_o his_o son_n bassianus_n and_o geta_n have_v before_o take_v the_o surname_n of_o antonini_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n and_o althô_o the_o elder_n pretend_v to_o hold_v it_o in_o common_a with_o his_o brother_n yet_o he_o present_o begin_v to_o reign_v alone_o soon_o end_v the_o war_n with_o the_o britain_n and_o relinquish_a the_o garrison_n not_o long_o after_o leave_v this_o island_n together_o with_o his_o brother_n geta_n with_o who_o when_o he_o have_v some_o quarrel_n julia_n the_o empress_n together_o with_o their_o friend_n and_o councillor_n patch_v up_o a_o reconciliation_n between_o they_o which_o be_v only_o in_o outward_a appearance_n and_o more_o by_o constraint_n than_o good_a will_n so_o both_o of_o they_o enjoy_v the_o like_a imperial_a honour_n pass_v into_o italy_n leave_v virius_n lupus_n as_o their_o lieutenant_n in_o britain_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v to_o rome_n their_o hatred_n to_o each_o other_o break_v out_o afresh_o 4._o bassianus_n come_v into_o his_o brother_n geta_n bedchamber_n when_o he_o look_v for_o no_o such_o thing_n cruel_o murder_v he_o in_o his_o mother_n arm_n and_o then_o bestow_v a_o great_a donative_n upon_o the_o soldier_n to_o gain_v their_o good_a will_n be_v alone_o declare_v emperor_n and_o his_o brother_n geta_n condemn_v as_o a_o enemy_n as_o have_v conspire_v against_o he_o but_o one_o thing_n be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o when_o he_o have_v commit_v this_o parricide_n he_o will_v have_v have_v papinian_n the_o great_a civil_a lawyer_n to_o have_v write_v a_o defence_n of_o it_o but_o he_o like_o a_o honest_a roman_a utter_o refuse_v it_o plain_o tell_v he_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o commit_v parricide_n than_o to_o defend_v it_o when_o it_o be_v commit_v but_o this_o plain_a answer_n cost_v he_o his_o life_n caracalla_n the_o emperor_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o kill_v he_o in_o his_o presence_n which_o one_o of_o they_o do_v with_o a_o axe_n the_o emperor_n chide_v he_o for_o it_o say_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v perform_v his_o command_n with_o a_o sword_n the_o reign_n of_o antoninus_n bâ—ssianus_n caracalla_n afford_v we_o nothing_o transact_v in_o this_o island_n only_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o bother_n geta_n he_o command_v his_o name_n to_o be_v raze_v out_o of_o all_o monument_n which_o be_v according_o observe_v in_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o inscription_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o monmouthshire_n which_o be_v erect_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o then_o emperor_n severus_n and_o antoninus_n and_o geta_n caesar_n wherein_o the_o name_n of_o geta_n by_o the_o tract_n of_o letter_n may_v be_v discover_v to_o have_v once_o be_v there_o though_o now_o raze_v out_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o another_o stone_n mention_v by_o camden_n in_o richmondshire_n the_o emperor_n caracalla_n so_o call_v from_o a_o military_a cloak_n he_o wear_v ccxvii_o be_v make_v away_o by_o opilius_n macrinus_n who_o be_v then_o praefectus_fw-la praetorii_fw-la and_o succeed_v he_o be_v choose_v emperor_n by_o the_o army_n in_o his_o reign_n as_o likewise_o of_o many_o other_o of_o his_o successor_n caracalla_n we_o find_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o britain_n ccxvii_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o empire_n decline_v apace_o good_a author_n grow_v scarce_o or_o be_v now_o lose_v or_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o succeed_a prince_n be_v advance_v by_o the_o heady_a affection_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o quick_o again_o depose_v and_o murder_v have_v no_o time_n to_o perform_v any_o thing_n considerable_a in_o this_o island_n lie_v so_o remote_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o for_o some_o year_n we_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o dark_a have_v only_o a_o few_o fragment_n leave_v we_o lie_v scatter_v here_o and_o there_o in_o divers_a author_n which_o give_v we_o just_a light_n enough_o to_o discover_v that_o britain_n as_o yet_o continue_v a_o roman_a province_n and_o still_o have_v its_o proprâ—tors_n and_o precedent_n nay_o geoffery_n himself_o have_v here_o leave_v wide_a gap_n and_o interregnum_n for_o many_o year_n together_o so_o that_o if_o we_o will_v we_o can_v not_o piece_v up_o a_o history_n of_o these_o time_n even_o out_o of_o his_o romance_n and_o be_v it_o not_o undecent_a to_o leave_v so_o great_a a_o breach_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o history_n many_o of_o the_o follow_a emperor_n name_n may_v be_v spâ—red_v but_o however_o we_o will_v give_v you_o the_o follow_a emperor_n in_o the_o order_n they_o stand_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n we_o have_v leave_v we_o ccxix_o to_o opilius_n maâ—rinus_n succeed_v anton._n heliogabolus_n be_v as_o the_o soldiers_z false_o believe_v a_o bastard_n son_n of_o bassianus_n caracalla_n but_o this_o monster_n after_o three_o year_n reign_v be_v kill_v by_o the_o praetorian_a band_n and_o 4._o alexander_n severus_n his_o cousin-german_a succeed_v he_o have_v be_v before_o declare_v caesar_n by_o the_o senate_n ccxxii_o it_o be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o he_o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o britain_n for_o lampridius_n say_v he_o be_v slay_v in_o a_o town_n call_v sicila_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o britain_n or_o gaul_n he_o leave_v it_o uncertain_a howbeit_o somewhat_o we_o find_v in_o the_o same_o author_n of_o his_o action_n in_o this_o island_n that_o he_o first_o give_v unto_o the_o captain_n and_o soldier_n near_o the_o marsh_n or_o wall_n of_o severus_n those_o land_n which_o be_v win_v from_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v their_o propriety_n so_o long_o as_o their_o heir_n serve_v as_o soldier_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o revert_v to_o private_a man_n suppose_v they_o will_v go_v to_o the_o war_n more_o willing_o and_o take_v better_a care_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o peculiar_a possession_n from_o whence_o as_o mr._n camden_n very_o well_o note_n may_v be_v deduce_v either_o a_o kind_n of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n or_o at_o least_o the_o the_o first_o footstep_n we_o can_v find_v of_o military_a feud_n which_o be_v afterward_o so_o much_o in_o use_n among_o the_o goth_n and_o those_o nation_n derive_v from_o they_o as_o the_o norman_n and_o other_o the_o same_o author_n also_o add_v that_o before_o his_o death_n a_o druid_n woman_n cry_v out_o to_o he_o in_o the_o gaulish_a tongue_n go_v on_o but_o hope_v not_o for_o victory_n and_o trust_v not_o thy_o soldier_n a_o good_a advice_n if_o he_o can_v have_v take_v it_o for_o he_o be_v slay_v by_o some_o of_o his_o own_o army_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o maximin_n who_o succeed_v he_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o death_n be_v that_o the_o soldier_n grow_v loose_a under_o heliogabolus_n can_v not_o endure_v the_o severity_n of_o his_o discipline_n so_o that_o though_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o virtuous_a emperor_n that_o ever_o govern_v yet_o he_o find_v the_o same_o fate_n from_o his_o soldier_n as_o the_o worst_a have_v do_v in_o so_o sad_a a_o condition_n be_v those_o monarch_n who_o life_n or_o death_n depend_v upon_o the_o good_a or_o bad_a humour_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n the_o place_n of_o his_o death_n be_v uncertain_a for_o 7._o st._n hierom_n and_o orosius_n suppose_v he_o to_o have_v be_v kill_v at_o mentz_n by_o the_o conspiracy_n of_o his_o soldier_n together_o with_o his_o mother_n who_o covetouseness_n be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o his_o ruin_n julius_n maximinus_n succeed_v he_o who_o be_v as_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a as_o his_o predecessor_n be_v good_a and_o gentle_a ccxxxv_o he_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o senate_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o soldier_n but_o before_o his_o death_n the_o two_o gordiani_n father_n and_o
saxon_n march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o cornwall_n absolute_o subdue_v it_o and_o add_v it_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n many_o be_v there_o slay_v on_o both_o side_n the_o same_o year_n also_o according_a to_o caradoc_n chronicle_n run_v king_n of_o dyvet_n and_o cadhel_n king_n of_o powis_n decease_v charles_n the_o emperor_n make_v peace_n with_o nicephorus_n emperor_n of_o constantinople_n dcccix_o this_o year_n also_o according_a to_o the_o same_o caradoc_n elbod_n archbishop_n of_o north_n wales_n i._n e._n of_o st._n asaph_n decease_v before_o who_o death_n be_v a_o great_a eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o the_o reverend_a lord_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n in_o his_o catalogue_n of_o the_o welsh_a king_n which_o he_o have_v be_v please_v to_o communicate_v to_o i_o well_o observe_v that_o eclipse_n fall_v out_o anno_fw-la 810_o the_o bishop_n death_n must_v do_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o the_o chronicle_n must_v needs_o be_v mistake_v also_o according_a to_o mat._n westminster_n aelfwold_n king_n of_o northumberland_n die_v earnred_n succeed_v he_o and_o hold_v it_o for_o 32_o year_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o simeon_n of_o durham_n 13._o tho'_o this_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v with_o the_o chronicle_n of_o mailross_n which_o say_v that_o eardulf_n be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n it_o continue_v without_o any_o king_n for_o many_o year_n but_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n make_v this_o anarchy_n to_o have_v begin_v from_o the_o murder_n of_o king_n ethered_n anno_fw-la 794_o as_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v in_o the_o last_o book_n and_o that_o this_o confusion_n last_v for_o about_o 33_o year_n during_o which_o time_n that_o province_n become_v a_o scorn_n to_o its_o neighbour_n but_o it_o seem_v they_o still_o have_v king_n tho'_o very_o obscure_a and_o but_o of_o small_a account_n dcccx_o but_o of_o great_a certainty_n be_v that_o which_o mat._n westminster_n relate_v under_o this_o year_n viz._n that_o king_n egbert_n subdue_v the_o northern_a welsh-man_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o he_o but_o it_o be_v whole_o incredible_a what_o buchanan_n in_o his_o scotish_n history_n relate_v in_o the_o year_n follow_v to_o wit_n that_o achaius_n king_n of_o scot_n have_v reign_v 32_o year_n and_o have_v former_o aid_v but_o in_o what_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o tell_v we_o not_o hungus_n king_n of_o the_o pict_n with_o 10000_o scot_n against_o one_o athelstan_n then_o waste_v the_o pictish_a border_n and_o that_o hungus_n by_o the_o aid_n of_o those_o scot_n and_o the_o help_v of_o st._n andrew_n their_o patron_n in_o a_o vision_n by_o night_n and_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o cross_n by_o day_n rout_v the_o astonish_v english_a and_o slay_v this_o athelstan_n in_o fight_n but_o who_o this_o athelstan_n be_v i_o believe_v no_o man_n know_v buchanan_n suppose_v he_o to_o have_v be_v some_o danish_a commander_n on_o who_o king_n alured_n or_o alfred_n have_v bestow_v northumberland_n yet_o of_o this_o i_o find_v no_o footstep_n in_o our_o ancient_a writer_n and_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o alfred_n it_o must_v be_v above_o 60_o year_n after_o for_o king_n alfred_n begin_v not_o to_o reign_v till_o anno_fw-la 871._o and_o john_n fordun_n in_o his_o scotish_n history_n be_v also_o as_o much_o mistake_v make_v this_o athelstan_n to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n who_o then_o govern_v the_o northern_a province_n under_o his_o father_n which_o also_o fail_v almost_o as_o much_o in_o point_n of_o time_n this_o prince_n athelstan_n here_o mention_v be_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a annal_n alive_a and_o engage_v in_o a_o sea-fight_n against_o the_o dane_n above_o 40_o year_n after_o as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o its_o due_a place_n set_v down_o this_o athelstan_n therefore_o and_o this_o great_a overthrow_n seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v a_o mere_a fancy_n of_o some_o idle_a monk_n dcccxi_o and_o this_o year_n according_a to_o mat._n westminster_n as_o king_n egbert_n have_v the_o year_n before_o subdue_v the_o welsh-man_n so_o it_o seem_v upon_o some_o fresh_a rebellion_n of_o they_o he_o again_o enter_v their_o border_n and_o lay_v they_o waste_v from_o north_n to_o south_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o then_o return_v home_o victorious_a but_o notwithstanding_o the_o war_n the_o welsh_a have_v from_o abroad_o it_o seem_v they_o have_v also_o time_n enough_o for_o civil_a war_n at_o home_n for_o now_o according_a to_o caradoc_n chronicle_n conan_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n can_v not_o agree_v insomuch_o that_o they_o try_v the_o matter_n by_o battle_n where_o howel_n have_v the_o victory_n to_o which_o dr._n powel_n have_v here_o add_v this_o observation_n that_o this_o howel_n the_o brother_n of_o conan_n king_n or_o prince_n of_o north_n wales_n do_v claim_v the_o isle_n of_o mon_n or_o anglesey_n for_o part_n of_o his_o father_n inheritance_n which_o conan_n refuse_v to_o give_v he_o thereupon_o they_o fall_v at_o variance_n and_o consequent_o make_v war_n the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o here_o say_v he_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o old_a custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n from_o whence_o this_o mischief_n grow_v that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavel_n kind_a gavel_n be_v a_o british_a term_n signify_v a_o hold_n because_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n do_v hold_v some_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o lawful_a son_n and_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n of_o wales_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o inheritance_n be_v continual_o divide_v and_o subdivide_v among_o the_o child_n and_o child_n child_n it_o be_v at_o length_n bring_v to_o nothing_o but_o also_o of_o much_o bloodshed_n unnatural_a strife_n and_o contention_n among_o brethren_n as_o we_o have_v here_o a_o example_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o history_n this_o kind_n of_o partition_n be_v very_o good_a to_o plant_v and_o settle_v a_o nation_n in_o a_o large_a country_n not_o inhabit_v but_o in_o a_o populous_a country_n already_o furnish_v with_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v the_o utter_a decay_n of_o great_a family_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o cause_n of_o constant_a strife_n and_o debate_n but_o some_o year_n after_o howel_n give_v his_o brother_n conan_n another_o defeat_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o people_n whereupon_o conan_n levy_v a_o army_n in_o the_o year_n 817_o and_o chase_v his_o brother_n howel_n out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n compel_v he_o to_o flee_v into_o that_o of_o man_n and_o a_o little_a after_o die_v conan_n chief_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n or_o welsh-man_n leave_v behind_o he_o a_o daughter_n name_v esylht_v who_o be_v marry_v to_o a_o nobleman_n call_v mâ—rvyn_n vrych_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n who_o be_v afterward_o king_n in_o she_o right_o this_o year_n also_o as_o the_o manuscript_n annal_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o winchelcomb_n relate_v the_o charter_n of_o this_o monastery_n be_v grant_v by_o king_n kenulph_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o copy_n there_o insert_v which_o show_v 4._o what_o order_n of_o man_n be_v summon_v by_o that_o king_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o council_n in_o which_o this_o charter_n be_v confirm_v viz._n merciorum_fw-la optimates_fw-la episcopos_fw-la principes_fw-la comites_fw-la procuratores_fw-la meosque_fw-la i._n e._n regis_n propinquos_fw-la which_o term_n have_v already_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o book_n i_o need_v noâ—â—ere_o repeat_v there_o be_v also_o present_a cuthred_a king_n of_o kent_n his_o 〈…〉_z king_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a with_o all_o other_o who_o shall_v be_v present_a at_o those_o synodal_n council_n then_o follow_v the_o subscription_n of_o k._n kenulph_n as_o also_o of_o both_o the_o say_a king_n and_o of_o wilfred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o ealderman_n there_o style_v deuce_n this_o year_n according_a to_o our_o annal_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a depart_v this_o life_n when_o he_o have_v reign_v forty_o five_o year_n also_o wilfred_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n dcccxii_o and_o wigbright_a the_o bishop_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n go_v to_o rome_n but_o here_o our_o annal_n be_v mistake_v for_o this_o emperor_n die_v not_o till_o the_o year_n 814._o mat._n westminster_n also_o add_v that_o these_o bishop_n abovementioned_a go_v to_o rome_n about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o english_a church_n archbishop_n wilfred_n have_v receive_v the_o benediction_n of_o pope_n leo_n return_v again_o to_o his_o bishopric_n and_o the_o same_o year_n king_n egbert_n waste_v the_o western_a welsh_a from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o west_n dcccxiii_o this_n seem_v but_o to_o have_v be_v the_o
sir_n robert_n cotton_n and_o bennet_n college_n library_n have_v long_o since_o convince_v all_o learned_a man_n that_o we_o real_o have_v such_o monument_n in_o our_o archive_v which_o have_v be_v also_o far_o confirm_v as_o to_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o from_o two_o other_o manuscript_n copies_n give_v by_o archbishop_n laud_n to_o the_o bodleian_n library_n at_o oxford_n and_o late_o publish_v together_o with_o those_o abovemention_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a mr._n edmund_n gibson_n most_o of_o which_o copy_n belong_v to_o several_a ancient_a monastery_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o many_o more_o of_o they_o be_v lose_v at_o their_o dissolation_n in_o henry_n the_o eighth_n time_n or_o carry_v over_o sea_n for_o we_o find_v lazius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr migratione_fw-la gentium_fw-la quote_v several_a of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o annal_n sometime_o follow_v not_o tradition_n only_o but_o also_o old_a write_v history_n and_o perhaps_o latin_a writer_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o action_n of_o athelstane_n and_o eadmund_n an._n 938_o and_o 942._o but_o for_o the_o support_n of_o their_o authority_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o this_o author_n be_v own_o countryman_n john_n fordun_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o scotish_n history_n he_o have_v hear_v it_o be_v very_o well_o order_v in_o england_n that_o every_o monastery_n of_o royal_a foundation_n shall_v have_v its_o particular_a writer_n who_o be_v chronological_o to_o set_v down_o all_o the_o memorable_a thing_n which_o happen_v in_o each_o king_n reign_n either_o in_o their_o own_o or_o neighbour_a kingdom_n and_o that_o at_o the_o next_o great_a council_n after_o the_o death_n of_o every_o respective_a king_n each_o of_o those_o chronographer_n meet_v there_o and_o produce_v whatsoever_o they_o have_v so_o remark_v and_o that_o some_o of_o the_o most_o discreet_a person_n in_o the_o say_a council_n who_o be_v best_a skill_v in_o such_o matter_n be_v choose_v for_o that_o purpose_n shall_v examine_v those_o memorial_n and_o by_o compare_v they_o together_o shall_v extract_v a_o brief_a chronicle_n from_o they_o all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o library_n of_o those_o monastery_n as_o authentic_a annal_n to_o be_v rely_v on_o by_o posterity_n that_o so_o the_o remembrance_n of_o those_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v not_o be_v lose_v or_o devour_v by_o the_o rust_n of_o time_n which_o passage_n have_v sir_n thomas_n craig_n but_o careful_o consider_v he_o will_v have_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o doubt_v whether_o we_o have_v have_v any_o chronicle_n of_o those_o time_n remain_v in_o our_o archive_v and_o whether_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o historian_n have_v blind_o follow_v florence_n of_o worcester_n into_o a_o error_n 47._o as_o cattle_n do_v their_o leader_n that_o break_v over_o a_o ditch_n but_o if_o our_o saxon_a annal_n be_v not_o a_o good_a foundation_n for_o succeed_a historian_n to_o build_v upon_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o credit_n the_o ancient_a greek_a and_o roman_a author_n can_v claim_v with_o man_n of_o that_o scrupulous_a temper_n since_o they_o have_v nothing_o but_o such_o short_a annal_n or_o chronicle_n preserve_v in_o their_o archive_v beside_o tradition_n and_o the_o common_a fame_n of_o their_o ancestor_n from_o whence_o to_o compose_v the_o particular_a history_n of_o those_o commonwealth_n they_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v the_o libri_fw-la lintei_fw-la preserve_v in_o the_o capitol_n from_o whence_o livy_n draw_v the_o most_o ancient_a memorial_n for_o the_o writing_n his_o roman_a history_n and_o though_o there_o be_v some_o difference_n to_o be_v find_v between_o the_o several_a copy_n of_o these_o annal_n as_o to_o the_o calculation_n of_o year_n and_o some_o particular_a matter_n that_o be_v sometime_o insert_v in_o one_o and_o omit_v in_o another_o yet_o the_o ingenious_a author_n of_o the_o preface_n before_o it_o have_v give_v the_o world_n a_o satisfactory_a answer_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v that_o as_o to_o the_o general_a affair_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o all_o agree_v well_o enough_o though_o indeed_o as_o to_o foreign_a transaction_n or_o some_o few_o passage_n relate_v to_o their_o own_o private_a monastery_n there_o may_v be_v some_o addition_n that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o rest_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o those_o call_v the_o canterbury_n and_o laudean_a copy_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n so_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o the_o reader_n to_o consider_v whether_o the_o author_n have_v make_v good_a his_o challenge_n viz._n that_o the_o english_a be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v one_o approve_a writer_n of_o their_o own_o country_n who_o compose_v any_o story_n or_o history_n from_o the_o death_n of_o bede_n to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o though_o i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o first_o however_o it_o be_v unlucky_o print_v twice_o the_o second_o in_o one_o page_n but_o to_o come_v to_o this_o author_n second_o objection_n against_o our_o english_a historian_n the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o writer_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v monk_n who_o be_v dead_a to_o the_o world_n have_v no_o right_n of_o give_v a_o legal_a evidence_n it_o be_v express_o forbid_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n to_o concern_v themselves_o in_o secular_a matter_n and_o also_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o solitary_a life_n they_o ought_v very_o seldom_o to_o be_v entrust_v in_o public_a affair_n see_v they_o be_v no_o competent_a judge_n concern_v they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a that_o either_o the_o secret_n of_o prince_n or_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o state_n be_v ever_o communicate_v to_o they_o otherwise_o than_o by_o common_a report_n see_v they_o be_v keep_v at_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o all_o manner_n of_o action_n and_o do_v oftentimes_o embrace_v thing_n doubtful_a as_o certain_a and_o fiction_n for_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o therefore_o this_o feign_a homage_n must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o better_a evidence_n than_o that_o of_o a_o monk_n for_o it_o will_v not_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o good_a conclusion_n that_o because_o a_o monk_n say_v so_o therefore_o it_o be_v true_a this_o argument_n may_v as_o easy_o be_v retort_v upon_o he_o thus_o that_o as_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o true_a because_o a_o monk_n write_v it_o so_o neither_o be_v it_o false_a for_o that_o reason_n alone_o for_o though_o monk_n be_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n forbid_v meddle_v with_o secular_a affair_n and_o may_v not_o perhaps_o be_v admit_v for_o good_a witness_n in_o civil_a cause_n yet_o be_v this_o but_o a_o mere_a cavil_v as_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n since_o that_o be_v not_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o canon_n to_o forbid_v they_o the_o writing_n either_o of_o civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a history_n and_o bede_n himself_o who_o credit_v this_o author_n say_v he_o will_v not_o impair_v be_v a_o monk_n as_o be_v also_o marianus_n scotus_n who_o he_o allow_v and_o will_v have_v to_o be_v take_v for_o his_o own_o countryman_n sigebertus_n hermannus_n contractus_fw-la and_o almost_o all_o the_o famous_a chronographer_n of_o those_o time_n who_o flourish_v in_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o of_o such_o retire_a life_n as_o not_o to_o have_v memorial_n send_v they_o of_o public_a action_n appear_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a citation_n out_o of_o fordun_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o write_v our_o english_a annal_n in_o the_o monastery_n which_o as_o he_o tell_v we_o be_v supervise_v afterward_o by_o some_o appoint_v of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o some_o of_o the_o monk_n after_o the_o conquest_n be_v in_o great_a reputation_n for_o their_o faithful_a account_n appear_v by_o the_o great_a credit_n give_v to_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o those_o time_n the_o last_o of_o who_o dedicate_v his_o history_n to_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n natural_a son_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o matthew_n paris_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o we_o learn_v from_o himself_o that_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o give_v he_o particular_a direction_n for_o insert_v into_o his_o history_n several_a considerable_a passage_n relate_v to_o his_o own_o reign_n so_o far_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o that_o age_n from_o be_v of_o this_o author_n opinion_n that_o monk_n be_v no_o wise_a fit_n to_o write_v history_n nor_o to_o be_v credit_v when_o they_o have_v do_v but_o if_o no_o credit_n must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o memorial_n of_o monk_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o will_v become_v of_o the_o so_o much_o
ancient_a historian_n only_o he_o cite_v a_o scrap_n in_o the_o margin_n as_o he_o think_v ouâ—_n of_o brompton_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v simeon_n of_o durhaâ—_n for_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a author_n viz._n that_o harold_n quasi_fw-la just_a we_o haeres_fw-la coepit_fw-la regnare_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la ità _fw-la potentèr_fw-la ut_fw-la canutus_n quia_fw-la justior_fw-la haeres_fw-la expectabatur_fw-la hardicanutus_n i._n e._n as_o just_a heir_n but_o yet_o not_o so_o absolute_o as_o cnute_n because_o the_o just_a heir_n sâ—il_n hâ—rdecanute_n be_v expect_v which_o he_o be_v please_v to_o call_v he_o because_o he_o false_o suppose_v that_o none_o can_v have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o one_o of_o queen_n emma_n child_n but_o this_o writer_n cunning_o leave_v out_o the_o precede_a word_n with_o a_o dash_n because_o they_o make_v against_o he_o which_o i_o shall_v here_o add_v 〈◊〉_d consentientibus_fw-la quamplurimis_fw-la majoribus_fw-la natu_fw-la aâ—glia_fw-it quasi_fw-la justus_n haeres_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v his_o right_n to_o reign_v proceed_v from_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o grant_v as_o this_o author_n suppose_v that_o hardecnute_n have_v be_v leave_v heir_n by_o his_o father_n king_n cnute_n testament_n yet_o you_o see_v this_o can_v only_o give_v he_o a_o precedency_n of_o be_v first_o propose_v and_o elect_v harold_n die_v after_o a_o few_o year_n reign_v hardecnute_n be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o elander_n to_o succeed_v he_o yet_o this_o can_v not_o be_v as_o his_o heir_n be_v but_o of_o the_o half_a blood_n and_o his_o suppose_a brother_n only_o by_o his_o father_n side_n and_o therefore_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n say_v express_o 365._o that_o post_n mortem_fw-la herald_n hardecnute_n filius_fw-la regis_fw-la cnuti_n illicò_fw-la susceptus_fw-la est_fw-la &_o electus_fw-la in_o regeni_fw-la ab_fw-la anglis_fw-la &_o dacis_n i._n e._n after_o the_o death_n of_o harold_n hardecnute_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n be_v present_o receive_v and_o elect_v king_n by_o the_o english_a and_o danes_n hardecnute_n die_v sudden_o after_o about_o two_o year_n reign_v the_o abovecited_a ancient_a chronicle_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n 7._o proceed_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o mortuo_fw-la hardecanuto_fw-mi eadwardus_fw-la annitentibus_fw-la maximè_fw-la comite_fw-la godwino_n &_o wigornensi_fw-la livingo_fw-la levatar_n londoniae_n in_o regem_fw-la i._n e._n that_o hardecnute_n be_v dead_a edward_z by_o the_o assistance_n chief_o of_o earl_n godwin_n and_o live_v bishop_n of_o worcester_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n at_o london_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n word_n it_o thus_o speak_v of_o earl_n godwin_n 13._o nec_fw-la mora_fw-la congregato_fw-la concilio_fw-la londoniae_n rationibus_fw-la suis_fw-la explicitis_fw-la regem_fw-la effecit_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o godwin_n mean_n he_o be_v make_v king_n at_o a_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o ingulph_n be_v yet_o more_o express_a who_o say_v 895._o post_fw-la ejus_fw-la sâ—il_fw-la hardecanuti_n obitum_fw-la omnium_fw-la electione_n in_o edwardum_fw-la concordatur_fw-la maximè_fw-la cohortante_fw-la godwino_fw-la comite_fw-la i_o e._n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o hardecnute_n it_o be_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o to_o elect_a prince_n edward_n earl_n godwin_n chief_o advise_v it_o and_o henry_n huntingdon_n go_v yet_o a_o step_n high_o and_o write_v thus_o edwardus_fw-la cum_fw-la paucis_fw-la venit_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la 365._o &_o electus_n est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la prince_n edward_n come_v into_o england_n with_o but_o a_o few_o man_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o all_o the_o people_n which_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o thomas_n of_o chesterton_n canon_n of_o litchfield_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n who_o under_o anno_fw-la 1042._o say_n thus_o 3._o edwardus_fw-la filius_fw-la athelredi_fw-la regis_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la electus_n &_o consecratus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o the_o doctor_n very_o cunning_o conceal_v all_o this_o concern_v his_o election_n 9_o and_o only_o give_v we_o a_o shred_n out_o of_o guilielmus_fw-la gemeticensis_n in_o these_o word_n hardecanutus_n edwardum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la reliquit_fw-la haeredem_fw-la that_o be_v left_z edward_z heir_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o so_o far_o indeed_o the_o doctor_n be_v in_o the_o right_n 8._o that_o he_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o testamentary_a heir_n there_o be_v other_o heir_n of_o the_o right_a line_n both_o of_o saxon_a and_o danish_a blood_n before_o he_o but_o it_o may_v well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o author_n last_o mention_v be_v a_o foreigner_n may_v not_o be_v mistake_v if_o he_o mean_v the_o word_n haeredem_fw-la reliquit_fw-la for_o a_o bequest_n by_o will_n since_o no_o english_a historian_n that_o i_o know_v of_o mention_n any_o such_o thing_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a that_o this_o prince_n make_v any_o will_n at_o all_o since_o all_o writer_n agree_v that_o he_o die_v sudden_o at_o a_o drunken_a feast_n in_o the_o very_a flower_n of_o his_o age_n and_o as_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a he_o make_v any_o will_n before_o so_o it_o be_v impossible_a he_o can_v do_v it_o at_o his_o death_n but_o this_o election_n of_o king_n edward_n far_a appear_v from_o the_o mean_a and_o abject_a carriage_n which_o this_o prince_n show_v as_o you_o will_v find_v william_n of_o malmesbury_n towards_o earl_n godwin_n when_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o claim_v the_o crown_n that_o he_o only_o desire_v he_o will_v save_v his_o life_n till_o the_o earl_n encourage_v he_o put_v he_o in_o hope_n of_o obtain_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o promise_n of_o marry_v his_o daughter_n which_o he_o will_v never_o have_v do_v have_v he_o have_v so_o â—air_a a_o pretence_n as_o the_o last_o will_n of_o his_o brother_n hardecnute_n to_o recommend_v he_o to_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o that_o alone_o will_v have_v do_v to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v he_o need_v afterward_o to_o be_v elect_v this_o be_v in_o part_n acknowledge_v by_o the_o doctor_n but_o to_o palliate_v it_o he_o will_v have_v godwin_n a_o council_n be_v immediate_o call_v by_o his_o reason_n and_o rhetoric_n to_o make_v he_o king_n it_o seem_v than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v so_o but_o he_o dare_v not_o say_v one_o word_n of_o his_o election_n for_o fear_v it_o will_v betray_v the_o cause_n which_o he_o have_v so_o strenuous_o labour_v to_o advance_v and_o therefore_o he_o think_v he_o have_v now_o nothing_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o expose_v and_o ridicule_n the_o legend_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o rievalle_n in_o make_v edwards_n the_o confessor_n to_o be_v elect_v king_n in_o his_o mother_n womb_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v as_o absurd_a as_o to_o drink_v prince_n of_o wales_n his_o health_n before_o he_o be_v bear_v yet_o the_o abbot_n have_v certain_o no_o ground_n for_o this_o story_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v that_o this_o be_v a_o elective_a kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n his_o father_n but_o if_o the_o reader_n desire_v further_a satisfaction_n concern_v the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o king_n election_n i_o shall_v refer_v he_o to_o the_o ancient_a annal_n of_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n which_o i_o have_v faithful_o transcribe_v out_o of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o monasticon_fw-la anglicanum_n and_o insert_v into_o this_o volume_n under_o anno_fw-la 1041._o where_o he_o will_v find_v the_o whole_a history_n of_o this_o prince_n election_n and_o coronation_n write_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o that_o church_n not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n these_o annal_n be_v also_o in_o manuscript_n in_o the_o cottonian_a library_n to_o which_o i_o must_v likewise_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o its_o honourable_a possessor_n own_o myself_o high_o oblige_v for_o several_a considerable_a remark_n in_o this_o history_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n but_o to_o draw_v to_o a_o conclusion_n upon_o this_o subject_a king_n edward_n as_o appear_v by_o our_o annal_n in_o the_o year_n 957_o send_v over_o for_o his_o cousin_n prince_n edward_n 20._o surname_v the_o outlaw_n son_n of_o king_n edmund_n out_o of_o hungary_n as_o simeon_n of_o durham_n relate_v illu_z se_fw-la regni_fw-la haeredem_fw-la constituere_fw-la that_o he_o may_v appoint_v he_o heir_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o have_v be_v a_o very_a idle_a thing_n have_v the_o kingdom_n be_v hereditary_a and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v his_o undoubted_a right_n by_o proximity_n of_o blood_n this_o prince_n die_v soon_o after_o his_o come_n over_o we_o no_o where_o find_v that_o king_n edward_n ever_o offer_v to_o do_v the_o like_a for_o his_o cousin_n edgar_n atheling_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n forget_v his_o own_o family_n ingulph_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o year_n before_o his_o death_n 40._o
you_o to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnute_n and_o those_o of_o the_o confessor_n the_o former_a of_o which_o you_o will_v find_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o ensue_a volume_n wherein_o be_v set_v down_o what_o the_o heir_n of_o each_o of_o those_o feudatary_a tenant_n be_v to_o pay_v to_o their_o lord_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n but_o that_o these_o can_v not_o be_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v of_o land_n hold_v in_o allodio_n and_o i_o have_v know_v some_o learned_a antiquary_n who_o have_v not_o without_o good_a cause_n believe_v that_o all_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o dane_n and_o norwegian_n who_o upon_o their_o conquest_n and_o settle_v here_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o sort_n of_o tenure_n out_o of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n may_v by_o degree_n impose_v it_o upon_o several_a land_n by_o they_o grant_v to_o their_o ealdorman_n or_o earl_n and_o chief_a thanes_z by_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n who_o likewise_o grant_v they_o to_o their_o inferior_a thanes_z under_o the_o like_a tenor_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v have_v be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o such_o inferior_a thanes_z shall_v have_v so_o far_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o ancient_a english_a freedom_n as_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o king_n thanes_z shall_v have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o make_v what_o law_n and_o impose_v what_o tax_n they_o please_v upon_o they_o as_o their_o under_a tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o if_o mere_a tenure_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v this_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v why_o the_o english_a king_n before_o the_o conquest_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n may_v not_o as_o well_o have_v make_v law_n and_o tax_v their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o consent_n as_o these_o can_v have_v do_v their_o tenant_n that_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o this_o be_v altogether_o false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o all_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n show_v danegelt_n itself_o be_v first_o impose_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wites_z 994._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a annal_n not_o but_o that_o i_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v then_o hold_v under_o those_o three_o great_a service_n call_v in_o latin_a trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n 1._o expedition_n that_o be_v the_o find_n of_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n in_o case_n of_o invasion_n 2._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o 3._o fortify_v of_o castle_n from_o which_o even_a land_n grant_v to_o the_o church_n be_v not_o exempt_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n to_o several_a monastery_n but_o these_o be_v service_n due_a and_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o do_v not_o concern_v one_o sort_n of_o tenure_n more_o than_o another_o i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o observe_v concern_v this_o bocland_n but_o that_o it_o pass_v by_o deed_n 508._o call_v by_o ingulphus_n chirographa_fw-la until_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o fideles_fw-la or_o subject_n there_o present_a with_o golden_a cross_n and_o some_o other_o holy_a mark_n only_o this_o methinks_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o that_o the_o ceremony_n of_o livery_n or_o seize_v of_o land_n be_v very_o ancient_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o ceadwalla_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n preserve_v among_o the_o evidence_n belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n dclxxxvii_o make_v to_o theodore_n then_o archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v of_o certain_a land_n with_o this_o subscription_n ad_fw-la cumulum_fw-la autèm_fw-la confirmationis_fw-la ego_fw-la cedwalla_n cespitem_fw-la terrae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la supèr_fw-la sanctum_fw-la altar_n salvatoris_fw-la posui_fw-la &_o propriâ_fw-la manu_fw-la pro_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la literarum_n signum_fw-la sanctae_fw-la crucis_fw-la expressi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la that_o be_v for_o the_o far_a confirmation_n thereof_o i_o ceadwalla_n have_v put_v this_o say_a turf_n of_o earth_n upon_o the_o holy_a altar_n and_o for_o want_v of_o learning_n have_v with_o my_o own_o hand_n make_v and_o subscribe_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o holy_a cross._n the_o like_a also_o have_v camden_n out_o of_o a_o patent_n make_v by_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n cantio_fw-la to_o a_o nunnery_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n so_o much_o for_o bocland_n contrary_n to_o which_o be_v that_o call_v folkland_n which_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v folkland_n be_v terra_fw-la popularis_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quae_fw-la jure_fw-la communi_fw-la possidetur_fw-la vel_fw-la sine_fw-la scripto_fw-la that_o be_v land_n belong_v to_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n which_o they_o enjoy_v of_o common_a right_n without_o any_o write_n or_o deed_n as_o we_o see_v in_o copyhold_n land_n at_o this_o day_n for_o which_o the_o tenant_n have_v seldom_o any_o other_o evidence_n than_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o court-roll_n of_o the_o manor_n which_o copyhold_n land_n be_v ancient_o either_o hold_v by_o sockman_n that_o be_v freeman_n hold_v by_o the_o blow_n to_o perform_v mean_a and_o villain_n service_n or_o else_o by_o those_o who_o be_v villain_n appendant_a to_o the_o manor_n these_o may_v be_v oust_v of_o their_o small_a estate_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_fw-la which_o a_o farmer_n can_v not_o be_v so_o long_o as_o he_o honest_o perform_v his_o service_n and_o these_o be_v they_o who_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v call_v tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o some_o other_o lord_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o old_a natura_n breviam_n recto_n of_o the_o like_a sort_n also_o as_o dr._n brady_n very_o well_o inform_v we_o 68_o be_v land_n and_o possession_n mention_v by_o other_o name_n in_o our_o saxon_a law_n as_o gaffolland_n rent-land_n or_o farm-land_n foedus_fw-la alured_n tenor_n and_o guthr_n c._n 2._o gafogyldenhus_o a_o house_n yield_v or_o pay_v rent_n or_o gable_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 6._o there_o be_v also_o mention_v inland_a outland_n or_o the_o lord_n demesne_n which_o he_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o neatland_n which_o be_v call_v vtland_n or_o outland_n in_o 495._o byrthric_n will_n terra_fw-la villanorum_fw-la and_o be_v let_v out_o to_o countryman_n or_o villager_n aegder_v of_o thegnes_fw-la inlandge_v of_o neatland_n i._n e._n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o thanes_z inland_n or_o demesne_n or_o else_o the_o countryman_n villager_n or_o villan_n land_n verb._n gafolland_n neatland_n and_o vtland_n as_o 115._o mr._n somner_n true_o inform_v we_o be_v oppose_v to_o inland_n verbo_fw-la or_o demesne-land_n and_o be_v land_n grant_v out_o for_o rent_n or_o service_n or_o both_o and_o reducible_a to_o folkland_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o be_v the_o same_o or_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o that_o in_o the_o law_n where_o they_o be_v mention_v it_o appear_v they_o be_v always_o occupy_v by_o ceorl_n churl_n countryman_n colon_n or_o clown_n people_n by_o gebures_n boor_n rustic_n plough_n or_o husbandman_n or_o by_o neat_n and_o geneate_n drudge_n villain_n or_o villager_n these_o three_o saxon_a word_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n though_o very_o different_a in_o sound_n be_v always_o apply_v to_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v by_o we_o folk_n at_o this_o day_n thus_o far_o the_o doctor_n which_o i_o will_v not_o contradict_v though_o he_o here_o make_v all_o ceorles_n man_n to_o have_v be_v mere_a drudge_n which_o be_v not_o so_o since_o those_o that_o hold_v land_n by_o socage-service_n be_v as_o free_a as_o to_o all_o thing_n else_o from_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n as_o our_o tenant_n be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o i_o desire_v by_o the_o way_n that_o this_o may_v not_o be_v unobserved_a that_o i_o can_v no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n colonus_n use_v for_o a_o husbandman_n or_o clown_n in_o any_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n verb._n though_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n give_v we_o some_o example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o german_a law_n there_o signify_v liberi_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la quos_fw-la colonos_fw-la vocant_fw-la and_o the_o king_n have_v also_o his_o coloni_fw-la but_o this_o learned_a author_n suppose_v that_o these_o coloni_fw-la answer_v our_o sockman_n who_o be_v certain_o freeman_n and_o not_o villain_n nor_o do_v villanus_fw-la signify_v a_o villain_n but_o a_o countryman_n or_o villager_n in_o general_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o than_o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o latin_a but_o french_a idiom_n that_o a_o villain_n come_v to_o signify_v a_o slave_n or_o drudge_n have_v now_o give_v you_o what_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v concern_v the_o several_a tenor_n and_o way_n of_o conveyance_n of_o land_n in_o the_o
famine_n invade_v not_o only_a britain_n but_o extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o constantinople_n where_o the_o famine_n contracti_fw-la together_o with_o the_o corrupt_a air_n produce_v a_o great_a pestilence_n whilst_o this_o scarcity_n prevail_v in_o this_o isle_n it_o force_v many_o of_o the_o britain_n to_o yield_v themselves_o up_o to_o their_o enemy_n that_o they_o may_v get_v wherewith_o to_o sustain_v nature_n tho'_o other_o of_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o sally_v out_o and_o resist_v they_o from_o the_o wood_n and_o mountain_n to_o which_o they_o retreat_v yet_o now_o it_o be_v as_o gildaâ—_n tell_v we_o that_o not_o put_v their_o trust_n in_o man_n but_o in_o god_n alone_o gild._n they_o first_o of_o all_o make_v some_o slaughter_n of_o their_o enemy_n which_o have_v prey_v upon_o their_o country_n for_o so_o many_o year_n but_o tho'_o the_o boldness_n of_o their_o enemy_n be_v abate_v for_o a_o while_n yet_o so_o be_v not_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o as_o the_o same_o author_n describe_v they_o be_v very_o backward_o to_o perform_v the_o duty_n proper_a to_o peace_n viz._n justice_n and_o truth_n but_o be_v prone_a to_o lie_v and_o all_o wickedness_n so_o that_o say_v he_o tho'_o these_o impudent_a robber_n the_o irish_a go_v home_n yet_o it_o be_v to_o return_v again_o within_o a_o short_a time_n whilst_o the_o pict_n remain_v be_v both_o then_o and_o long_o afterward_o in_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o island_n sometime_o take_v prey_n and_o make_v incursion_n so_o that_o during_o the_o truce_n whilst_o this_o wound_n be_v slight_o skin_v over_o another_o malady_n more_o contagious_a be_v breed_v for_o tho'_o during_o this_o short_a interval_n of_o peace_n ibid._n there_o succeed_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n that_o no_o man_n memory_n can_v parallel_v yet_o be_v it_o attend_v with_o great_a luxury_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o wickedness_n begin_v also_o to_o increase_v but_o chief_o cruelty_n together_o with_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o the_o love_n of_o lie_n the_o take_z evil_n for_o good_a and_o the_o love_n of_o darkness_n rather_o than_o light_n so_o that_o what_o be_v please_v to_o god_n or_o not_o please_v with_o they_o weigh_v both_o alike_o and_o the_o worst_a side_n of_o the_o cause_n most_o common_o prevail_v whilst_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o public_a good_a and_o safety_n nay_o not_o only_o by_o secular_a man_n but_o even_o the_o clergy_n who_o example_n shall_v have_v guide_v other_o be_v grow_v vicious_a and_o corrupt_a many_o of_o they_o be_v give_v to_o drunkenness_n or_o swell_v with_o pride_n or_o else_o full_a of_o envy_n and_o contention_n indiscreet_a and_o incompetent_a judge_n of_o what_o in_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o life_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n lawful_a or_o unlawful_a this_o be_v the_o general_a character_n that_o gildas_n and_o bede_n give_v we_o both_o of_o the_o british_a clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o these_o time_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v easy_o conclude_v that_o people_n of_o this_o temper_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v trust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o themselves_o ccccxlvi_fw-la but_o be_v more_o fond_a of_o the_o name_n of_o liberty_n than_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o charge_n of_o govern_v well_o they_o grow_v heady_a and_o violent_a in_o their_o affair_n and_o positive_a in_o what_o they_o understand_v not_o none_o be_v more_o stout_a and_o dare_a in_o counsel_n none_o so_o fearful_a when_o it_o come_v to_o action_n all_o pretend_v to_o know_v what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o all_o draw_v back_o in_o the_o performance_n thus_o in_o a_o short_a time_n when_o the_o heat_n of_o liberty_n be_v once_o spend_v and_o the_o enemy_n daily_o increase_v they_o quick_o find_v their_o old_a temper_n return_v upon_o they_o a_o slavishness_n of_o mind_n and_o slothfulness_n of_o body_n than_o they_o may_v have_v perceive_v it_o be_v not_o mere_a stomach_n or_o a_o hot_a and_o sudden_a love_n of_o liberty_n that_o can_v protect_v they_o but_o that_o diligence_n wisdom_n and_o a_o public_a spirit_n be_v still_o want_v so_o that_o they_o shrink_v by_o degree_n into_o their_o former_a tameness_n of_o mind_n and_o grow_v as_o weary_a of_o their_o new-tried_n liberty_n as_o they_o have_v be_v of_o their_o old_a subjection_n which_o make_v they_o write_v those_o abject_a letter_n to_o aetius_n but_o now_o mention_v what_o particular_a king_n or_o governor_n the_o britain_n set_v up_o after_o they_o be_v set_v free_a from_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v only_a gildas_n tell_v we_o in_o general_a that_o king_n be_v by_o they_o anoint_v but_o none_o of_o god_n anoint_v but_o such_o as_o be_v most_o cruel_a who_o be_v soon_o after_o as_o inconsiderate_o lay_v aside_o without_o any_o examination_n of_o the_o truth_n whilst_o some_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o their_o anointer_n to_o set_v up_o other_o more_o fierce_a and_o tyrannical_a but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o seem_v mild_a and_o more_o incline_v to_o the_o truth_n against_o he_o as_o the_o subverter_n of_o his_o country_n the_o general_a hatred_n of_o all_o man_n be_v present_o direct_v so_o that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o king_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a employment_n in_o those_o wicked_a and_o turbulent_a time_n tho'_o by_o what_o we_o can_v guess_v by_o gildas_n epistle_n set_v forth_o the_o fault_n of_o all_o order_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n there_o have_v be_v divers_a king_n rule_v in_o britain_n at_o once_o not_o only_o in_o his_o own_o but_o in_o former_a time_n but_o who_o they_o be_v he_o do_v not_o particular_o mention_v but_o to_o fill_v up_o this_o interval_n geoffery_n of_o monmouth_n furnish_v we_o with_o one_o constantine_n brother_n of_o adroenus_n king_n of_o armorica_n this_o constantine_n he_o make_v to_o have_v be_v elect_v king_n and_o crown_v at_o cirencester_n and_o be_v kill_v by_o a_o pict_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o elder_a son_n constans_n who_o from_o a_o monk_n at_o winchester_n be_v make_v king_n and_o that_o he_o be_v make_v away_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o vortigern_n he_o cause_v himself_o be_v at_o that_o time_n consul_n or_o count_n of_o the_o gevise_n to_o be_v elect_v king_n in_o his_o room_n but_o if_o you_o please_v to_o look_v back_o into_o the_o former_a book_n you_o will_v there_o find_v how_o constantine_n the_o usurper_n with_o his_o son_n constans_n the_o monk_n the_o one_o be_v make_v emperor_n and_o the_o other_o caesar_n perish_v in_o france_n may_v easy_o confute_v the_o falsehood_n of_o this_o story_n but_o since_o neither_o gildas_n nennius_n nor_o any_o other_o british_a historian_n make_v mention_n of_o this_o constantine_n or_o his_o son_n all_o that_o we_o can_v conclude_v to_o be_v true_a in_o this_o relation_n ccccxlvii_n be_v that_o the_o britain_n about_o this_o time_n find_v themselves_o quite_o desert_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v now_o without_o any_o head_n and_o hard_o press_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n choose_v this_o vortigern_n be_v then_o a_o popular_a man_n tho'_o he_o prove_v neither_o wise_a valiant_a nor_o virtuous_a for_o their_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o who_o reign_n god_n be_v willing_a to_o purge_v his_o family_n as_o gildas_n word_n it_o the_o britain_n not_o be_v amend_v with_o so_o many_o correction_n be_v again_o fright_v with_o a_o fresh_a rumour_n that_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n be_v return_v with_o great_a force_n than_o ever_o and_o that_o they_o threaten_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o intend_v no_o less_o than_o to_o plant_v themselves_o from_o one_o end_n thereof_o to_o the_o other_o but_o before_o their_o arrival_n ccccxlvii_n as_o if_o the_o instrument_n of_o divine_a vengeance_n be_v at_o strife_n which_o shall_v first_o destroy_v a_o wicked_a nation_n the_o residue_n that_o the_o sword_n and_o famine_n have_v leave_v alive_a be_v now_o sweep_v away_o with_o a_o sore_a pestilence_n insomuch_o that_o the_o live_v scarce_o suffice_v to_o bury_v their_o dead_a but_o neither_o be_v the_o britain_n at_o all_o amend_v for_o all_o this_o for_o now_o it_o seem_v the_o time_n draw_v near_o that_o the_o measure_n of_o their_o iniquity_n be_v full_a but_o before_o we_o relate_v how_o this_o vengeance_n be_v execute_v ccccxlviii_n we_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o from_o the_o aforesaid_a author_n 2._o constantius_n and_o 21._o bede_n germanus_n second_o voyage_n to_o britain_n the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v that_o it_o be_v tell_v germanus_n that_o pelagianism_n prevail_v here_o again_o through_o some_o promoter_n of_o it_o the_o british_a clergy_n too_o weak_a it_o seem_v at_o dispute_n renew_v their_o address_n to_o he_o that_o he_o will_v come_v over_o and_o defend_v god_n cause_n which_o he_o have_v once_o before_o undertake_v which_o petition_n
one_o egwinna_n a_o lady_n the_o daughter_n of_o a_o nobleman_n who_o name_n dccccxxu._n though_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o because_o he_o say_v he_o have_v not_o find_v it_o in_o writing_n yet_o the_o chronicle_n ascribe_v to_o abbot_n bromton_n tell_v we_o a_o long_a and_o improbable_a story_n of_o the_o get_n and_o birth_n of_o this_o prince_n which_o be_v no_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v as_o i_o know_v of_o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n aelfred_n when_o his_o son_n edward_n be_v young_a there_o be_v in_o a_o village_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n the_o daughter_n of_o a_o certain_a shepherd_n call_v egwinna_n who_o fall_v asleep_a dream_v that_o the_o moon_n shine_v out_o of_o her_o womb_n so_o bright_a that_o all_o england_n be_v enlighten_v by_o its_o splendour_n this_o dream_n she_o tell_v to_o a_o grave_a matron_n that_o have_v be_v nurse_n to_o several_a of_o the_o king_n child_n upon_o this_o she_o take_v she_o into_o her_o house_n and_o educate_n she_o as_o careful_o as_o if_o she_o have_v be_v she_o own_o daughter_n instruct_v she_o so_o to_o demean_v herself_o as_o may_v become_v a_o person_n both_o of_o birth_n and_o breed_n in_o process_n of_o time_n it_o happen_v that_o prince_n edward_n the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n pass_v upon_o some_o occasion_n through_o this_o town_n think_v himself_o oblige_v in_o honour_n and_o good_a nature_n to_o visit_v his_o nurse_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o get_v sight_n of_o this_o maid_n and_o she_o be_v exceed_v beautiful_a fall_v passionate_o in_o love_n with_o she_o and_o by_o his_o violent_a importunity_n he_o get_v her_o consent_n to_o lie_v with_o he_o and_o by_o one_o night_n lodging_n she_o prove_v with_o child_n and_o be_v afterward_o deliver_v of_o a_o son_n in_o respect_n to_o the_o mother_n dream_n the_o father_n give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o athelstan_n which_o signify_v the_o most_o noble_a if_o this_o story_n be_v true_a that_o he_o marry_v this_o woman_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o father_n and_o keep_v the_o marriage_n private_a the_o author_n abovecited_a have_v good_a cause_n to_o suppose_v she_o to_o have_v be_v rather_o his_o concubine_n than_o his_o queen_n though_o there_o be_v also_o other_o historian_n who_o make_v she_o to_o have_v be_v his_o lawful_a wife_n but_o thus_o much_o be_v more_o certain_a that_o king_n edward_n have_v prince_n ethelward_n abovementioned_a by_o his_o wife_n aelfleda_n the_o daughter_n of_o earl_n aethelem_n as_o also_o another_o son_n call_v edwin_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o who_o death_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n say_v he_o can_v certain_o tell_v we_o but_o give_v we_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o what_o become_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o child_n he_o have_v also_o by_o she_o six_o daughter_n viz._n edelfleda_n edgiva_n ethelhilda_n ethilda_n edgitha_n and_o elgiva_n of_o who_o the_o first_o and_o three_o vow_v their_o virginity_n to_o god_n and_o both_o of_o they_o lie_v bury_v by_o their_o mother_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o winchester_n as_o for_o edgiva_n her_o father_n bestow_v she_o upon_o charles_n king_n of_o france_n and_o for_o ethilda_n her_o brother_n king_n athelstan_n bestow_v she_o in_o marriage_n upon_o hugo_n a_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o french_a and_o edgitha_n and_o elgiva_n their_o brother_n send_v to_o henry_n the_o german_a emperor_n the_o second_o of_o which_o he_o marry_v to_o otho_n his_o son_n and_o the_o elder_a to_o a_o certain_a duke_n near_o the_o alps_n king_n edward_n also_o beget_v of_o his_o three_o wife_n edgiva_n edmund_n and_o edred_n who_o both_o reign_v successive_o after_o their_o brother_n king_n athelstan_n as_o also_o two_o other_o daughter_n eadburga_n and_o edgiva_n the_o former_a become_v a_o nun_n but_o the_o latter_a be_v a_o great_a beauty_n be_v bestow_v in_o marriage_n by_o her_o brother_n athelstan_n on_o lewis_n prince_n or_o duke_n of_o aquitain_n but_o king_n edward_n have_v so_o well_o breed_v all_o his_o say_a daughter_n from_o their_o infancy_n that_o they_o be_v wont_n all_o of_o they_o to_o bestow_v their_o leisure_n time_n upon_o good_a letter_n and_o after_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o exercise_v both_o their_o distaff_n and_o the_o needle_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o pass_v the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o virginity_n likewise_o his_o son_n be_v so_o enure_v to_o learning_n that_o not_o be_v rude_a and_o ignorant_a in_o knowledge_n they_o become_v like_o plato_n philosopher_n fit_a to_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n as_o our_o author_n handsome_o express_v it_o dccccxxu._n this_o king_n seem_v by_o his_o history_n to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a mildness_n and_o humility_n as_o well_o as_o courage_n which_o appear_v by_o this_o story_n but_o though_o it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o any_o of_o our_o historian_n be_v yet_o relate_v by_o walter_n mape_v in_o his_o nugis_fw-la curialium_fw-la in_o manuscript_n as_o follow_v that_o when_o k._n edward_n the_o elder_a come_v to_o austelin_n i_o suppose_v that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v aust_n where_o be_v a_o ferry_n to_o pass_v out_o of_o somersetshire_n into_o wales_n lewelyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n come_v to_o bethesley_n about_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n he_o refuse_v first_o to_o cross_v the_o severne_n but_o when_o king_n edward_n hear_v it_o he_o take_v boat_n and_o row_v towards_o he_o but_o the_o prince_n be_v then_o by_o the_o waterside_n when_o he_o see_v he_o and_o know_v who_o he_o be_v he_o cast_v off_o the_o rich_a robe_n he_o then_o have_v on_o which_o he_o have_v provide_v for_o that_o meeting_n and_o enter_v the_o river_n breast-high_a take_v hold_n of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o boat_n submissive_o say_v most_o sage_a king_n thy_o humility_n have_v overcome_v my_o insolence_n and_o thy_o wisdom_n triumph_v over_o my_o folly_n come_v pray_v sir_n get_v upon_o this_o neck_n which_o i_o like_o a_o fool_n as_o i_o be_o have_v lift_v up_o against_o thou_o and_o thus_o enter_v that_o land_n which_o thy_o benign_a clemency_n have_v make_v this_o day_n thy_o own_o so_o take_v the_o king_n upon_o his_o shoulder_n and_o set_v he_o on_o shore_n he_o make_v he_o to_o sit_v down_o upon_o his_o own_o royal_a robe_n and_o put_v his_o own_o hand_n between_o the_o king_n be_v there_o do_v he_o homage_n but_o this_o circumstance_n only_o serve_v to_o bring_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o story_n into_o question_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a this_o ceremony_n of_o do_v homage_n be_v not_o in_o use_n till_o after_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n beside_o the_o welsh_a chronicle_n mention_v no_o such_o thing_n nor_o can_v i_o find_v any_o prince_n either_o of_o north_n or_o south_n wales_n call_v lewelyn_n at_o that_o time_n till_o anno_fw-la 1015_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n cnute_n above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a but_o perhaps_o the_o story_n may_v be_v true_a be_v tell_v by_o tradition_n though_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n may_v be_v mistake_v and_o lewelyn_n put_v instead_o of_o howel_n who_o be_v now_o king_n of_o south-wales_n and_o in_o who_o territory_n this_o action_n must_v have_v happen_v but_o whether_o this_o relation_n be_v true_a or_o false_a we_o may_v from_o it_o draw_v this_o observation_n that_o it_o be_v not_o always_o wisdom_n in_o prince_n to_o insist_v too_o nice_o upon_o circumstance_n especial_o in_o ceremony_n but_o that_o sometime_o to_o recede_v from_o they_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o that_o prince_n that_o do_v it_o king_n athelstan_n the_o same_o year_n not_o long_o after_o king_n edward_n decease_n dccccxxu._n the_o saxon_a annal_n tell_v we_o that_o aethelstan_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o afterward_o crown_v at_o kingstune_n upon_o thames_n be_v then_o a_o royal_a town_n note_v he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n upon_o a_o scaffold_n build_v on_o purpose_n whereon_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o coronation_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o open_a view_n of_o all_o man_n by_o athelm_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n with_o great_a acclamation_n of_o the_o people_n also_o st._n dunstan_n be_v bear_v and_o wulfhelme_v be_v consecrate_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o athelm_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o mercian_n have_v not_o yet_o lose_v their_o ancient_n right_o of_o choose_v their_o own_o king_n and_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o westsaxon_n do_v so_o likewise_o though_o it_o be_v not_o particular_o express_v in_o the_o annal_n for_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n in_o the_o *_o cottonian_a library_n say_v only_o electus_n est_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la and_o you_o may_v also_o hence_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n consecration_n or_o coronation_n be_v place_v as_o a_o different_a
a_o boat_n under_o the_o bridge_n wound_v he_o to_o death_n in_o the_o low_a part_n through_o a_o hole_n that_o it_o seem_v he_o find_v there_o but_o king_n harold_n return_v to_o york_n have_v no_o long_a time_n to_o enjoy_v his_o victory_n for_o immediate_o after_o the_o news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o duke_n william_n be_v land_v at_o pevensey_n near_o hastings_n upon_o michaelmas_n day_n he_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n he_o can_v to_o march_v towards_o he_o leaving_z the_o earls_z edwin_n and_o morchar_n behind_o he_o with_o great_a part_n of_o the_o force_n but_o since_o our_o annal_n be_v very_o short_a in_o the_o relation_n of_o all_o these_o affair_n between_o the_o duke_n and_o king_n harold_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o large_a account_n of_o it_o from_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o other_o author_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o duke_n william_n with_o all_o his_o nobility_n be_v meet_v in_o august_n at_o st._n wallery_n a_o port-town_n in_o normandy_n lay_v there_o a_o long_a while_n wait_v for_o a_o wind_n but_o that_o continue_v contrary_a for_o several_a day_n the_o soldier_n at_o last_o begin_v thus_o to_o murmur_v in_o their_o camp_n as_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o such_o man_n when_o they_o lie_v long_o still_o and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v say_v among_o themselves_o that_o the_o man_n be_v mad_a who_o will_v go_v to_o take_v away_o another_o man_n territory_n against_o god_n will_n which_o it_o be_v plain_a this_o be_v since_o he_o have_v now_o so_o long_o withhold_v the_o wind._n this_o be_v spread_v abroad_o one_o will_v have_v think_v it_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v discourage_v any_o one_o less_o valiant_a than_o the_o duke_n who_o thereupon_o consult_v with_o his_o chief_a officer_n what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v the_o wise_a of_o they_o advise_v he_o to_o bring_v forth_o the_o body_n of_o st._n wallerie_n to_o try_v if_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o can_v obtain_v a_o fair_a wind_n however_o perhaps_o it_o may_v put_v some_o stop_n to_o his_o soldier_n discontent_n what_o effect_n the_o saint_n body_n wrought_v i_o can_v tell_v but_o so_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o not_o long_o after_o a_o fresh_a gale_n offer_v the_o duke_n immediate_o set_v sail_n for_o england_n and_o his_o ship_n be_v first_o get_v out_o to_o sea_n cast_v anchor_n lay_v there_o till_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o fleet_n can_v come_v up_o to_o he_o who_o all_o follow_a the_o king_n ship_n which_o then_o rid_v admiral_n they_o in_o the_o afternoon_n with_o a_o easy_a and_o gentle_a breeze_n reach_v hastings_n near_o which_o the_o duke_n go_v on_o shore_n his_o foot_n by_o accident_n slip_v he_o fall_v down_o which_o a_o soldier_n stand_v by_o immediate_o turn_v into_o a_o good_a omen_n say_v sir_n you_o have_v only_o take_v seisin_n of_o that_o land_n of_o which_o you_o will_v short_o be_v king_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o his_o army_n have_v land_v he_o strict_o charge_v they_o to_o commit_v no_o outrage_n nor_o plunder_v say_v they_o ought_v to_o spare_v those_o thing_n which_o will_v short_o be_v their_o own_o so_o the_o duke_n lie_v still_o for_o fifteen_o day_n and_o have_v strong_o fortify_v his_o camp_n with_o certain_a palisado_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v over_o along_o with_o he_o seem_v to_o mind_v nothing_o less_o than_o war._n but_o king_n harold_n precipitate_v by_o his_o own_o bad_a fortune_n march_v against_o the_o duke_n with_o but_o part_n of_o his_o force_n for_o beside_o those_o that_o have_v be_v kill_v in_o the_o late_a engagement_n a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o best_a soldier_n have_v already_o desert_v he_o be_v discontent_v that_o they_o have_v be_v deny_v their_o share_n of_o the_o norwegian_a plunder_n yet_o those_o force_n which_o still_o remain_v with_o he_o he_o think_v sufficient_a because_o he_o hear_v the_o duke_n be_v land_v but_o with_o a_o small_a army_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o strong_a and_o most_o valiant_a of_o his_o army_n be_v either_o slay_v in_o the_o late_a battle_n with_o the_o norwegian_n or_o else_o go_v from_o he_o he_o yet_o resolve_v to_o fight_v king_n harold_n be_v now_o arrive_v near_o hastings_n mlxvi_o pitch_v his_o camp_n upon_o a_o hill_n about_o nine_o mile_n from_o that_o place_n and_o immediate_o send_v out_o spy_n to_o give_v he_o what_o account_v they_o can_v of_o the_o number_n and_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n some_o of_o who_o be_v take_v within_o duke_n william_n camp_n though_o he_o may_v have_v execute_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n yet_o he_o only_o command_v they_o to_o be_v lead_v round_o about_o it_o and_o then_o have_v well_o feed_v they_o he_o order_v they_o to_o be_v send_v back_o to_o their_o lord_n and_o be_v return_v king_n harold_n ask_v they_o what_o news_n they_o can_v tell_v he_o they_o hereupon_o have_v set_v forth_o the_o generous_a behaviour_n of_o the_o enemy_n general_n serious_o add_v that_o all_o their_o army_n seem_v to_o be_v priest_n because_o they_o have_v all_o their_o face_n with_o both_o their_o lip_n close_o shave_v for_o the_o english_a then_o wear_v long_a beard_n but_o the_o king_n laugh_v at_o their_o simplicity_n say_v he_o too_o well_o know_v those_o they_o have_v see_v be_v no_o priest_n but_o brave_a soldier_n then_o girth_n his_o young_a brother_n be_v a_o very_a young_a man_n but_o of_o a_o understanding_n and_o courage_n far_o above_o his_o year_n take_v the_o word_n out_o of_o the_o king_n mouth_n say_v thus_o sir_n if_o you_o can_v so_o far_o allow_v the_o valour_n of_o the_o norman_a duke_n i_o think_v it_o be_v then_o indiscreet_a for_o you_o to_o enter_v the_o field_n against_o he_o lest_o you_o shall_v be_v find_v inferior_a to_o he_o either_o in_o strength_n or_o justice_n of_o your_o cause_n for_o you_o can_v no_o way_n deny_v but_o that_o voluntary_o or_o involuntary_o you_o have_v swear_v to_o he_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n you_o will_v do_v more_o prudent_o to_o withdraw_v yourself_o from_o the_o present_a danger_n and_o leave_v to_o we_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o day_n who_o be_v free_a from_o all_o oath_n and_o promise_n can_v with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n draw_v our_o sword_n in_o defence_n of_o our_o country_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o if_o you_o yourself_o shall_v engage_v either_o your_o death_n or_o more_o shameful_a flight_n may_v ensue_v whereas_o if_o we_o alone_o engage_v with_o he_o your_o cause_n will_v be_v every_o where_o safe_a for_o you_o may_v either_o assist_v we_o if_o we_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o fly_v or_o else_o bury_v we_o if_o we_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v slay_v but_o the_o king_n be_v immoderate_a pride_n and_o rashness_n make_v he_o deaf_a to_o the_o wholesome_a advice_n of_o his_o brother_n and_o he_o think_v it_o inglorious_a and_o a_o dishonour_n to_o his_o past_a life_n to_o seem_v afraid_a of_o any_o danger_n therefore_o be_v push_v on_o by_o his_o unlucky_a fate_n he_o hasty_o send_v away_o the_o monk_n that_o be_v new_o before_o come_v from_o duke_n william_n to_o he_o with_o these_o proposal_n viz._n that_o either_o he_o shall_v quit_v the_o throne_n or_o hold_v it_o and_o reign_v under_o he_o or_o else_o try_v the_o justice_n of_o his_o cause_n by_o their_o two_o single_a sword_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o both_o army_n or_o in_o case_n harold_n shall_v refuse_v all_o these_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o submit_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n i_o say_v he_o hasty_o send_v he_o away_o with_o only_a this_o short_a answer_n that_o he_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o god_n to_o determine_v the_o matter_n between_o they_o so_o that_o the_o monk_n be_v return_v with_o this_o answer_n it_o add_v fresh_a courage_n to_o the_o norman_n whereupon_o the_o general_n on_o both_o side_n immediate_o draw_v up_o their_o army_n in_o order_n to_o a_o battle_n each_o according_a to_o his_o country_n fashion_n the_o english_a have_v spend_v the_o night_n in_o drink_v and_o roar_v and_o be_v thus_o heat_v march_v early_o out_o the_o next_o morning_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o pike_n and_o billman_n mingle_v with_o a_o strong_a detachment_n of_o targeteer_n make_v up_o the_o front_n and_o main_a body_n of_o the_o english_a army_n and_o by_o their_o close_a order_n render_v it_o so_o impenetrable_a that_o nothing_o but_o their_o be_v outwitted_a by_o the_o norman_a duke_n can_v ever_o have_v break_v it_o as_o you_o will_v see_v by_o and_o by_o but_o king_n harold_n together_o with_o his_o brethren_n be_v all_o on_o foot_n place_v themselves_o near_o the_o royal_a standard_n mlxvi_o that_o by_o thus_o be_v all_o of_o they_o in_o equal_a danger_n with_o the_o mean_a soldier_n no_o man_n shall_v so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o flight_n whilst_o in_o the_o
their_o own_o nation_n to_o reign_v over_o they_o they_o be_v thereby_o bring_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o stranger_n indeed_o guilel_n gemeticensis_n and_o ordoricus_n vitalis_n relate_v that_o the_o nobleman_n and_o bishop_n who_o have_v retire_v to_o london_n actual_o choose_v edgar_n atheling_n king_n but_o this_o seem_v not_o at_o all_o probable_a since_o none_o of_o our_o own_o writer_n mention_v it_o and_o have_v edgar_n be_v once_o elect_v it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o king_n william_n will_v have_v be_v so_o easy_o reconcile_v to_o he_o and_o have_v not_o only_o give_v he_o his_o liberty_n but_o prefer_v he_o have_v from_o our_o historian_n of_o best_a credit_n give_v you_o this_o account_n of_o our_o english_a monarch_n most_o of_o who_o mix_v piety_n with_o civil_a prudence_n reign_v glorious_o for_o many_o generation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o for_o a_o conclusion_n to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v how_o not_o long_o before_o this_o sad_a catastrophe_n all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n be_v now_o much_o degenerate_v from_o the_o simplicity_n and_o sobriety_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o first_o as_o for_o the_o state_n of_o religion_n in_o this_o island_n for_o some_o age_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n observe_v that_o piety_n and_o all_o good_a literature_n be_v common_o grow_v so_o much_o out_o of_o fashion_n even_o among_o the_o clergy_n that_o rest_v content_a with_o a_o very_a small_a share_n of_o devotion_n as_o well_o as_o learning_n they_o can_v scarce_o read_v divine_a service_n nay_o the_o very_a monk_n be_v clad_v in_o fine_a stuff_n and_o make_v no_o difference_n of_o day_n and_o meat_n which_o though_o perhaps_o no_o fault_n in_o itself_o yet_o to_o they_o who_o be_v under_o other_o principle_n it_o be_v certain_o much_o otherwise_o also_o that_o the_o great_a man_n be_v give_v up_o to_o gluttony_n and_o a_o dissolute_a life_n oppress_v and_o make_v a_o prey_n of_o the_o common_a people_n debauch_v their_o daughter_n who_o they_o have_v in_o their_o service_n and_o then_o turn_v they_o off_o to_o the_o stew_n whilst_o the_o mean_a sort_n sit_v tipple_a night_n and_o day_n and_o spend_v all_o they_o have_v in_o riot_v and_o drunkenness_n and_o those_o attend_v with_o other_o vice_n which_o effeminate_a man_n mind_n therefore_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n that_o king_n harold_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n be_v carry_v away_o with_o rashness_n and_o fury_n rather_o than_o any_o true_a valour_n or_o military_a experience_n give_v duke_n william_n this_o great_a advantage_n over_o they_o as_o have_v be_v but_o now_o set_v forth_o not_o say_v he_o but_o that_o some_o few_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o as_o laity_n be_v much_o better_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v as_o have_v be_v here_o describe_v but_o as_o the_o long-suffering_a of_o god_n often_o permit_v the_o bad_a as_o well_o as_o the_o good_a to_o enjoy_v the_o like_a prosperity_n so_o likewise_o his_o justice_n in_o punish_v ofttimes_o do_v not_o exempt_a even_o good_a man_n from_o partake_v in_o the_o common_a calamity_n of_o their_o country_n therefore_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o volume_n with_o the_o like_a admonition_n as_o mr._n milton_n do_v his_o saxon_a history_n viz._n that_o if_o these_o be_v in_o all_o probability_n the_o cause_n of_o god_n heavy_a judgement_n on_o our_o ancestor_n sure_o every_o man_n ought_v in_o this_o corrupt_a age_n to_o take_v care_n to_o avoid_v they_o lest_o in_o the_o height_n of_o a_o seem_a security_n their_o long_a continuance_n in_o a_o course_n of_o vice_n and_o luxury_n shall_v without_o a_o speedy_a amendment_n meet_v with_o as_o severe_a if_o not_o much_o worse_a punishment_n finis_fw-la a_o table_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o remain_a english-saxon_a king_n in_o this_o last_o period_n the_o northumbrian_n king_n be_v supply_v from_o simeon_n of_o durham_n and_o the_o chronicle_n of_o mailrosse_n and_o the_o welsh_a prince_n be_v take_v from_o caradoc_n chronicle_n and_o the_o old_a annal_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o lesser_a volume_n of_o doomsday_n book_n tab._n 3._o anno_fw-la dom._n king_n of_o kent_n anno_fw-la dom._n king_n of_o england_n anno_fw-la dom._n king_n of_o northumberland_n anno_fw-la dom._n king_n of_o the_o east-angle_n anno_fw-la dom._n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la dom._n king_n of_o wales_n  _fw-fr cuthred_n eight_o year_n 802_o ecgbert_n reign_v 36_o year_n  _fw-fr eardulf_n be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n anno_fw-la dom._n 806._o than_o succeed_v 859_o st._n edmund_n reign_v 11_o year_n who_o be_v martyr_v by_o the_o dane_n that_o kingdom_n remain_v without_o a_o king_n until_o  _fw-fr kenwulf_n 22_o year_n  _fw-fr caradoc_n king_n of_o north_n wales_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 819_o kenelm_n a_o child_n his_o son_n murder_v by_o his_o aunt_n quendrida_fw-es then_o 806_o conan_n tyndaethwy_a king_n of_o south_n wales_n and_o afterward_o king_n of_o north_n wales_n 805_o baldred_n eighteen_o year_n he_o be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o kent_n be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n by_o king_n egbert_n 837_o ethelwolf_n his_o son_n 18_o year_n and_o a_o half_a 806_o aelfwold_n who_o reign_v two_o year_n than_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 808_o eanred_n son_n of_o eardulph_n reign_v 32_o year_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 857_o ethelbald_n his_o son_n two_o year_n and_o a_o half_a 840_o ethelred_n his_o son_n reign_v 9_o year_n 870_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 817_o mervyn-wrych_a and_o esylht_v his_o wife_n the_o daughter_n of_o conan_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 849_o osbert_n 13_o year_n who_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 820_o ceolwulf_n his_o uncle_n reign_v one_o year_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 860_o ethelbert_n his_o brother_n reign_v five_o year_n and_o a_o half_a 862_o aella_n a_o usurper_n but_o both_o these_o king_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o dane_n they_o seize_v upon_o that_o kingdom_n and_o make_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 843_o rodoric_n the_o great_a son_n or_o grandson_n to_o mervyn_n last_o mention_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 821_o beornwulf_n 3_o year_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 824_o ludican_n one_o year_n and_o a_o half_a 877_o anarawd_n son_n of_o rodoric_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 866_o ethered_n his_o brother_n five_o year_n 866_o egbert_n king_n who_o be_v soon_o expel_v by_o they_o and_o then_o they_o make_v 878_o guthrum_n the_o dane_n be_v make_v king_n by_o the_o concession_n of_o k._n alfred_n and_o reign_v 12_o year_n 825_o wiglaf_n 14_o year_n 913_o edwal_n voel_n son_n to_o anarawd_n 838_o athelstan_n natural_a son_n to_o k._n ethelwolf_n make_v k._n of_o kent_n eastsex_n and_o surry_n by_o his_o father_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n after_o which_o it_o be_v again_o unite_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o king_n ethelwolf_n dominion_n 871_o alfred_n his_o brother_n reign_v 29_o year_n and_o a_o half_a  _fw-fr ricsig_n a_o dane_n their_o king_n who_o reign_v 10_o year_n then_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 839_o bertwulf_n 13_o year_n these_o four_o last_o king_n be_v all_o of_o they_o tributary_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n as_o be_v also_o 940_o howel-dha_a king_n of_o south_n wales_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o edwal_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 872_o another_o egbert_n be_v by_o they_o make_v king_n who_o die_v the_o dane_n &_o northumber_n remain_v without_o any_o kâ—ng_n till_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 901_o edward_n his_o son_n surname_v the_o elder_a 24_o year_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 883_o guthred_n a_o poor_a slave_n be_v choose_v king_n he_o reign_v over_o yorkshire_n about_o 11_o year_n than_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 948_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n son_n of_o edwal_n voel_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n whilst_o the_o son_n of_o howel-dha_a rule_v south_n wales_n at_o the_o same_o time_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 925_o athelstan_n his_o son_n 16_o year_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 852_o burhed_n who_o reign_v 22_o year_n and_o be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n by_o the_o dane_n they_o then_o give_v it_o to_o one_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 894_o king_n alfred_n seize_v his_o share_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whilst_o in_o the_o morâ—_n northern_a part_n reign_v at_o the_o same_o timâ—_n osbert_n a_o dane_n who_o be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n 890_o eoric_n the_o dane_n be_v by_o guthrum_n make_v his_o successor_n after_o who_o decease_n k._n edward_n the_o elder_a