Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	good_a	great_a	think_v	4,338	5	3.9369	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46717	The Argument of the Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench concerning the great case of monopolies, between the East-India Company, plantiff, and Thomas Sandys, defendant wherein their patent for trading to the East-Indies, exclusive of all others, is adjudged good.	Jeffreys, George Jeffreys, Baron, 1644 or 5-1689.; Sandys, Thomas.; England and Wales. Court of King's Bench.; East India Company.	1689 (1689)	Wing J526; ESTC R17792	37,073	36

about_o foreign_a commerce_n and_o can_v never_o be_v think_v to_o bear_v any_o sort_n of_o proportion_n to_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n as_o the_o interest_n of_o all_o foreign_a trade_n do_v necessitate_v they_o to_o contend_v for_o it_o will_v become_v we_o that_o be_v judge_n in_o westminster-hall_n for_o the_o better_a determine_v this_o case_n to_o observe_v the_o method_n use_v by_o our_o predecessor_n in_o determine_v such_o like_a cause_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o common_a law_n by_o the_o several_a authority_n i_o cite_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o as_o the_o book_n of_o ed._n 4._o before_o cite_a say_v it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o leave_v the_o determination_n to_o be_v according_a to_o that_o law_n the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n i_o before_o cite_v make_v a_o particular_a provision_n that_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n and_o be_v universal_a and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o country_n in_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o cicero_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n say_v non_fw-fr erit_fw-la alia_fw-la lex_fw-la romae_fw-la alia_fw-la athenis_fw-la alia_fw-la nunc_fw-la alia_fw-la post_fw-la hac_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la lex_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la and_o i_o the_o rather_o think_v myself_o oblige_v more_o industrious_o to_o search_v into_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o better_a to_o enable_v i_o to_o give_v judgement_n in_o this_o case_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v affect_v the_o king_n subject_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o i_o be_v mind_v thereof_o particular_o by_o my_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n in_o the_o give_a judgement_n in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o bates_n about_o the_o imposition_n upon_o currant_n lane_n fol._n 27._o and_o do_v not_o only_o affirm_v it_o as_o necessary_a but_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o all_o judge_n in_o all_o age_n do_v not_o we_o leave_v the_o determination_n of_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n foreign_a matter_n matter_n of_o navigation_n league_n truce_n embassy_n nay_o even_o in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n the_o stop_n of_o the_o defendant_n ship_n by_o a_o admiralty_n process_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o this_o court_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o exchequer_n to_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o process_n out_o of_o that_o court_n his_o ship_n be_v detain_v to_o this_o day_n and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o court_n proceed_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o matter_n before_o specify_v be_v not_o to_o be_v control_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law._n and_o if_o custom_n make_v a_o law_n than_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n be_v sure_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o bring_v i_o to_o my_o next_o particular_a which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n upon_o which_o this_o cause_n will_v turn_v therefore_o 4thly_a i_o conceive_v that_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o regulation_n restraint_n and_o government_n of_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la jura_n regalia_z i._n e._n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v his_o undoubted_a prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o abridge_v or_o control_v by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n now_o in_o force_n this_o question_n be_v not_o concern_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o power_n or_o any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v thereupon_o because_o upon_o inconvenience_n arise_v the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v supplicate_v to_o redress_v they_o which_o i_o shall_v far_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o particular_a objection_n make_v against_o this_o grant._n commerciorum_fw-la jura_n sunt_fw-la privilegiata_n ac_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la iis_fw-la concessa_fw-la qui_fw-la exercendorum_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la licentiam_fw-la principis_fw-la indultu_fw-la &_o authoritate_fw-la meruerunt_fw-la be_v the_o very_a express_a text_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o so_o be_v carpzovire_n const._n n._n 5._o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-la republica_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o ses_fw-fr quae_fw-la tametsi_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la videantur_fw-la prohibere_fw-la tametsi_fw-la saepe_fw-la á_o principibus_fw-la videmus_fw-la and_o in_o cap._n 6._o quote_v by_o mr._n attorney_n that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n so_o salmasius_n pag._n 236._o mercatura_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la indifferens_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la magistratus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o vetando_fw-la vel_fw-la permittendo_fw-la svam_fw-la pro_fw-la commodo_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la authoritatem_fw-la so_o carpzovire_v a_o famous_a german_a lawyer_n in_o his_o decision_n lib._n decis_n 105._o n._n 13._o &_o 14._o exempla_fw-la haud_fw-la rara_fw-la sunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la privilegio_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la principis_fw-la commercia_fw-la ad_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la certave_n loca_fw-la restringere_fw-la videmus_fw-la these_o rule_n and_o principle_n assert_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n agree_v with_o the_o principle_n of_o our_o law_n mr._n attorney_n in_o his_o argument_n in_o this_o cause_n cite_v many_o record_n and_o precedent_n to_o make_v good_a this_o assertion_n which_o i_o think_v he_o do_v with_o great_a clearness_n i_o therefore_o will_v content_v myself_o with_o as_o few_o of_o they_o as_o i_o can_v and_o only_o remind_v you_o of_o such_o as_o i_o think_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n which_o i_o will_v do_v by_o these_o step_n i_o conceive_v the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a power_n to_o forbid_v foreigner_n whether_o merchant_n or_o other_o from_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n both_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n according_a to_o his_o royal_a will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o therefore_o give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n to_o come_v in_o in_o all_o age_n and_o at_o his_o pleasure_n command_v they_o out_o again_o by_o his_o proclamation_n or_o order_n of_o council_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o king_n reign_v without_o many_o instance_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la chap._n 30._o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o by_o the_o defendant_n council_n be_v but_o a_o general_a safe_a conduct_n omnes_fw-la mercatores_fw-la nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la ante_fw-la prohibiti_fw-la fuerint_fw-la habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v observe_v that_o mercatores_fw-la say_v my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o the_o chapter_n be_v only_o intend_v of_o merchant_n stranger_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o in_o those_o day_n any_o of_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o foreign_a trade_n or_o at_o least_o the_o trade_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o any_o book_n or_o record_n that_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n my_o lord_n coke_n 2._o institut_n fol._n 57_o do_v agree_v that_o the_o king_n may_v and_o do_v prohibit_v stranger_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o conceive_v and_o with_o great_a respect_n be_v it_o speak_v to_o his_o memory_n i_o think_v without_o any_o colour_n of_o reason_n will_v make_v these_o word_n nisi_fw-la publicae_fw-la prohibeantur_fw-la to_o intend_v only_o a_o prohibition_n by_o parliament_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o whole_a realm_n now_o do_v the_o come_n in_o of_o stranger_n concern_v the_o realm_n after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o act_n more_o than_o it_o do_v before_o sure_o no._n do_v not_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o be_v not_o that_o of_o public_a concern_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v not_o the_o prohibition_n of_o stranger_n a_o natural_a dependent_a upon_o that_o prerogative_n if_o the_o word_n publicae_fw-la there_o have_v be_v out_o there_o have_v be_v no_o colour_n for_o that_o conceit_n and_o sure_o the_o king_n proclamation_n will_v make_v the_o matter_n as_o public_a as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v do_v nay_o and_o i_o may_v say_v more_o for_o act_n of_o parliament_n ancient_o be_v make_v public_a by_o proclamation_n for_o in_o our_o book_n we_o have_v many_o instance_n of_o writ_n direct_v to_o sheriff_n of_o county_n to_o cause_v act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v publish_v by_o proclamation_n and_o so_o be_v the_o constant_a and_o ancient_a usage_n and_o it_o be_v not_o more_o natural_a for_o stranger_n that_o be_v abroad_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v public_a edict_n which_o be_v

the_o bar._n for_o the_o writ_n in_o fitz._n n._n b._n 85._o and_o the_o register_n import_v no_o such_o thing_n and_o our_o book_n say_v the_o surmise_n mention_v in_o those_o writ_n be_v not_o traversable_a so_o be_v dyer_n 165._o &_o 296._o for_o sure_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v his_o subject_n from_o go_v beyond_o sea_n and_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o give_v any_o reason_n for_o his_o so_o do_v but_o that_o be_v not_o now_o in_o question_n ii_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o do_v not_o conceive_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n though_o much_o discourse_n have_v be_v about_o indian_n and_o infidel_n whether_o the_o east-indies_n be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_v of_o this_o patent_n inhabit_v by_o christian_n or_o infidel_n though_o by_o the_o way_n in_o the_o debate_n of_o this_o case_n i_o shall_v show_v perhaps_o that_o matter_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n affect_v the_o defendant_n but_o will_v not_o at_o all_o affect_v the_o grant_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v that_o whether_o this_o country_n or_o place_n or_o any_o other_o be_v inhabit_v by_o christian_n or_o infidel_n that_o be_v not_o otherwise_o provide_v for_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n will_v make_v but_o the_o same_o question_n iii_o whether_o every_o clause_n and_o article_n in_o these_o letter_n patent_n viz._n touch_v forfeiture_n of_o ship_n and_o good_n imprisonment_n or_o divers_a other_o clause_n contain_v in_o the_o charter_n be_v legal_a or_o not_o be_v not_o now_o in_o question_n for_o sure_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o maintain_v they_o all_o and_o therefore_o the_o plaintiff_n council_n have_v avoid_v those_o question_n by_o bring_v this_o action_n and_o though_o the_o defendant_n council_n have_v mention_v they_o yet_o sure_o it_o be_v only_o intend_v to_o full_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o that_o they_o think_v they_o to_o affect_v the_o question_n iu._n nor_o be_v it_o the_o question_n whether_o by_o this_o grant_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o king_n have_v fetter_v or_o confine_v his_o prerogative_n by_o put_v in_o a_o covenant_n to_o exclude_v himself_o from_o grant_v licence_n to_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o trade_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n charter_n though_o mr._n william_n always_o a_o friend_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o tenderness_n and_o care_n thereof_o seem_v to_o be_v surprise_v by_o the_o inconsiderate_a extravagancy_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v afflict_v with_o the_o dismal_a consequence_n that_o must_v necessary_o ensue_v by_o the_o king_n be_v part_v with_o so_o great_a a_o prerogative_n and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o advice_n consent_n or_o the_o inadvertency_n of_o his_o attorney_n general_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o council_n by_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o east_n india_n company_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o money_n than_o they_o have_v to_o the_o king_n in_o discharge_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o acquit_v they_o and_o we_o therefore_o of_o that_o dilemma_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n though_o it_o make_v nothing_o to_o the_o question_n that_o be_v now_o before_o we_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v licence_n to_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n notwithstanding_o the_o charter_n or_o any_o article_n clause_n or_o condition_n therein_o contain_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o notwithstanding_o any_o caution_n or_o advertisement_n that_o in_o his_o argument_n he_o give_v to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o reflection_n that_o he_o make_v upon_o his_o council_n either_o for_o their_o ignorance_n or_o hasly_a inadvertency_n in_o the_o pass_n of_o that_o grant_v and_o i_o be_o the_o rather_o induce_v to_o be_v of_o that_o persuasion_n for_o that_o the_o most_o learned_a of_o our_o profession_n who_o opinion_n have_v be_v quote_v by_o he_o and_o other_o that_o have_v argue_v on_o the_o defendant_n side_n be_v then_o of_o the_o king_n council_n and_o be_v privy_a to_o and_o advise_v both_o these_o letter_n patent_n and_o all_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o have_v be_v grant_v for_o these_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v i_o therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v that_o i_o believe_v mr._n attorney_n general_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n council_n have_v discharge_v their_o duty_n as_o well_o to_o the_o king_n by_o maintain_v of_o this_o grant_n as_o mr._n williams_n have_v in_o this_o instance_n manifest_v his_o loyalty_n by_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v it_o in_o short_a therefore_o as_o i_o say_v before_o every_o clause_n in_o this_o charter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o affect_v the_o question_n now_o to_o be_v determine_v v._o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v object_v that_o though_o upon_o the_o plead_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o defendant_n never_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n nor_o have_v any_o licence_n from_o they_o to_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n yet_o he_o may_v have_v a_o licence_n from_o the_o king_n which_o as_o i_o conceive_v the_o king_n be_v not_o debar_v to_o grant_v by_o any_o clause_n in_o the_o letter_n patent_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o defendant_n have_v any_o such_o licence_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v show_v on_o his_o part_n which_o not_o be_v do_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v take_v by_o we_o as_o i_o believe_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v the_o defendant_n never_o have_v any_o such_o licence_n vi_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o their_o declaration_n have_v allege_v that_o this_o trade_n can_v not_o be_v manage_v but_o per_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la corpus_fw-la corporatum_fw-la and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o have_v exclude_v the_o king_n from_o constitute_v any_o more_o company_n to_o trade_n within_o their_o limit_n though_o perhaps_o the_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n may_v hereafter_o require_v it_o nay_o though_o the_o indian_n may_v desire_v a_o further_a treaty_n of_o commerce_n or_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o these_o place_n may_v require_v more_o company_n to_o be_v erect_v yet_o say_v they_o this_o grant_n have_v make_v the_o plaintiff_n a_o mere_a republic_n and_o thereby_o have_v alter_v the_o constitution_n of_o england_n in_o the_o management_n of_o trade_n by_o commonwealth_n by_o place_v it_o in_o company_n who_o be_v they_o independent_a upon_o the_o crown_n be_v true_o so_o call_v yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o i_o do_v before_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o by_o this_o grant_n either_o exclude_v from_o make_v any_o new_a treaty_n with_o the_o indian_n or_o from_o make_v any_o corporation_n or_o grant_v any_o other_o licence_n to_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o subject_n notwithstanding_o any_o of_o the_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n so_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o that_o objection_n also_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o question_n now_o to_o be_v determine_v and_o for_o that_o reason_n among_o other_o i_o think_v it_o not_o improper_a to_o mention_v that_o clause_n in_o the_o charter_n that_o be_v omit_v at_o the_o bar_n which_o the_o king_n have_v annex_v as_o a_o condition_n to_o his_o grant_n that_o if_o it_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v to_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n that_o that_o grant_v or_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o any_o part_n shall_v not_o be_v profitable_a to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o his_o successor_n or_o to_o this_o realm_n that_o after_o three_o year_n warning_n by_o war_n under_o the_o king_n seal_n or_o sign_n manual_n shall_v be_v make_v utter_o void_a so_o that_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n have_v neither_o divest_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n nor_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_n do_v design_n to_o be_v prevent_v to_o show_v his_o inclination_n for_o the_o promote_a of_o the_o advantage_n of_o his_o kingdom_n have_v give_v himself_o scope_n enough_o to_o obviate_v all_o those_o emergency_n yet_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o mr._n williams_n to_o show_v his_o dislike_n to_o a_o commonwealth_n declare_v it_o to_o be_v absolute_o opposite_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o single_a person_n but_o the_o single_a person_n he_o concern_v himself_o for_o be_v not_o the_o king_n and_o his_o prerogative_n but_o his_o client_n the_o defendant_n and_o his_o trade_n who_o though_o i_o can_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n call_v a_o commonwealth_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o think_v this_o opposition_n of_o he_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o a_o republican_n principle_n for_o he_o by_o his_o interlope_n have_v be_v the_o first_o subject_n that_o within_o this_o kingdom_n for_o near_a a_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v have_v in_o westminster-hall_n public_o oppose_v himself_o against_o the_o king_n undoubted_a prerogative_n in_o the_o grant_v now_o before_o we_o and_o i_o hope_v by_o this_o example_n

thereunto_o i_o premise_v only_o this_o that_o in_o all_o those_o country_n where_o society_n of_o trade_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o as_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n monopoly_n be_v forbid_v and_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v by_o their_o law_n as_o they_o can_v be_v by_o the_o common_a and_o statute-law_n of_o england_n viz._n in_o holland_n germany_n france_n spain_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o where_o ever_o the_o civil_a law_n prevail_v monopoly_n be_v punish_v with_o confiscation_n of_o good_n and_o banishment_n c._n de_fw-fr monopoliis_fw-la &_o cens._n forens_n part_n 1._o fol._n 497._o now_o though_o monopoly_n be_v forbid_v yet_o that_o can_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v so_o universal_o true_a as_o no_o general_a law_n can_v ever_o be_v that_o it_o shall_v in_o no_o respect_n and_o upon_o no_o occasion_n or_o emergency_n whatsoever_o admit_v of_o any_o exception_n or_o limitation_n the_o exception_n thereof_o may_v be_v such_o as_o these_o i._o though_o no_o private_a person_n can_v have_v the_o sole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o private_a authority_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v grant_v to_o a_o public_a society_n by_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o prince_n if_o ii_o it_o be_v upon_o good_a cause_n and_o for_o the_o public_a advantage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n iii_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o beginning_n and_o carry_v on_o such_o trade_n and_o foreign_a commerce_n which_o can_v be_v only_o do_v by_o company_n and_o society_n iv._o such_o company_n and_o society_n ought_v to_o be_v continue_v and_o support_v upon_o the_o natural_a equity_n and_o justice_n that_o no_o other_o person_n shall_v be_v permit_v either_o to_o reap_v the_o profit_n or_o to_o endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o what_o have_v be_v begin_v and_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o they_o with_o great_a hazard_n and_o expense_n now_o in_o as_o much_o as_o foreign_a trade_n can_v never_o be_v of_o advantage_n to_o this_o kingdom_n except_o the_o balance_n be_v keep_v equal_a between_o this_o and_o other_o country_n which_o can_v never_o be_v do_v but_o by_o keep_v up_o to_o proportionable_a rule_n for_o the_o regulation_n thereof_o with_o the_o other_o country_n and_o because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n seem_v too_o scanty_a for_o that_o purpose_n i_o will_v therefore_o first_o consider_v how_o this_o question_n stand_v as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o then_o how_o it_o be_v consider_v by_o our_o law_n produce_v authority_n in_o both_o to_o make_v good_a my_o assertion_n and_o because_o i_o think_v the_o former_a more_o natural_a and_o effectual_a for_o the_o decision_n of_o this_o question_n make_v i_o more_o inquisitive_a than_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v have_v be_v cujacius_n lib._n 16._o obser_n 23._o distinguish_n inter_fw-la monopolia_fw-la licita_fw-la &_o illicita_fw-la licitum_fw-la monopolium_n say_v he_o est_z si_fw-la certis_fw-la personis_fw-la vel_fw-la quod_fw-la potius_fw-la est_fw-la certo_fw-la collegio_fw-la concesserit_fw-la princeps_fw-la ut_fw-la ei_fw-la soli_fw-la jus_fw-la sit_fw-la vendendi_fw-la certae_fw-la mercis_fw-la and_o therefore_o recite_v a_o law_n of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n by_o which_o certain_a governor_n of_o commerce_n be_v appoint_v edictali_fw-la lege_fw-la sancita_fw-la ut_fw-la nulli_fw-la mercatori_fw-la nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la designata_fw-la loca_fw-la temporibus_fw-la praestitutis_fw-la ad_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la suae_fw-la species_n distrahendas_fw-la passim_fw-la liceret_fw-la accedere_fw-la etc._n etc._n carpzovire_n in_o his_o decision_n before_o mention_v lib._n 2._o decis_fw-la 105._o n._n 13_o &_o 14._o make_v this_o no_o new_a case_n et_fw-la certe_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la novum_fw-la modum_fw-la commerciis_fw-la quae_fw-la tamen_fw-la liberrima_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la poni_fw-la ex_fw-la causa_fw-la nimirum_fw-la publicae_fw-la utilitatis_fw-la vel_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la monopolia_fw-la alius_fw-la prohibita_fw-la jure_fw-la subsistunt_fw-la and_o again_o exempla_fw-la haud_fw-la rara_fw-la sunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la necessitat_fw-la &_o edicto_fw-la principis_fw-la monopolia_fw-la quandoque_fw-la probari_fw-la commercia_fw-la ad_fw-la certas_fw-la personas_fw-la &_o loca_fw-la restringi_fw-la videmus_fw-la idem_fw-la decis_fw-la 4._o n._n 10._o &_o n._n 13._o nimirum_fw-la exercitium_fw-la ac_fw-la permissio_fw-la monopoliorum_fw-la à_fw-la principis_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la dependet_fw-la etc._n etc._n scacca_n de_fw-fr commerci●s_n q._n 7._o fol._n 301._o n._n 15._o hoc_fw-la non_fw-la procedit_fw-la in_o monopolio_fw-la autoritate_fw-la principis_fw-la sive_fw-la reipub._n contracto_fw-la quia_fw-la sicut_fw-la monopolia_fw-la privatâ_fw-la autoritate_fw-la contracta_fw-la reipub._n sunt_fw-la perniciosa_fw-la ita_fw-la haec_fw-la quae_fw-la legis_fw-la autoritate_fw-la ex_fw-la justa_fw-la contrahuntur_fw-la causa_fw-la reipub._n valde_fw-la utilia_fw-la sunt_fw-la grotius_n de_fw-fr j._n b._n &_o p._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 12._o sect_n 16._o monopolia_fw-la non_fw-la omne_fw-la cum_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la pugnant_fw-la nam_fw-la possunt_fw-la interdum_fw-la à_fw-la summa_fw-la potestate_fw-la permitti_fw-la justa_fw-la de_fw-la causa_fw-la &_o pretio_fw-la he_o give_v among_o other_o these_o two_o example_n i._o from_o the_o history_n of_o joseph_n when_o he_o be_v viceroy_n in_o egypt_n which_o be_v say_v he_o a_o illustrious_a instance_n of_o this_o matter_n ii_o that_o under_o the_o roman_n the_o alexandrian_n have_v the_o sole_a trade_n for_o all_o indian_a and_o ethiopick_n commodity_n so_o thuanus_n lib._n 32._o give_v a_o instance_n of_o a_o grant_n from_o the_o french_a king_n an_z 1604._o for_o the_o sole_a trade_n into_o canada_n or_o new_a france_n for_o which_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n ne_o gravis_fw-la esset_fw-la aerario_fw-la ad_fw-la sublevandos_fw-la navigationis_fw-la illinc_fw-la institutae_fw-la sumptus_fw-la which_o i_o conceive_v will_v go_v a_o great_a way_n in_o support_v all_o such_o trade_n company_n as_o can_v be_v begin_v but_o by_o a_o public_a expense_n c._n de_fw-fr monopoliis_fw-la the_o prohibition_n be_v express_o limit_v nisi_fw-la privilegium_fw-la vel_fw-la alia_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la in_o utilitatem_fw-la publicam_fw-la vergens_fw-la resistat_fw-la mercatura_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la indifferens_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la magistratus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o vetando_fw-la vel_fw-la permittendo_fw-la svam_fw-la pro_fw-la commodo_fw-la reipub._n potest_fw-la interponere_fw-la autoritatem_fw-la salmas_n de_fw-fr foe_n trapezit_n fol._n 236._o hoc_fw-la solum_fw-la permissum_fw-la est_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la possit_fw-la prohibere_fw-la ne_fw-la aliis_fw-la vendat_fw-la salem_fw-la alciat_fw-la in_o q._n inter_fw-la publica_fw-la 17._o in_o fin._n f._n de_fw-fr verb._n sign_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n practise_v in_o france_n thuan._n lib._n 5._o sic_fw-la in_o sale_n vendensi_fw-la monopolia_fw-la etiam_fw-la hodie_fw-la in_o italiâ_fw-la licite_fw-la exerceri_fw-la è_fw-la superiorum_fw-la permissione_n scaccha_fw-la de_fw-la mercat_n part_n 4._o n._n 30._o sic_fw-la in_o reipub._n lubecensi_fw-la certis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la ob_fw-la praedictas_fw-la rationes_fw-la jus_fw-la coquendi_fw-la sacchari_fw-la &_o salis_fw-la speciali_fw-la privilegio_fw-la concessum_fw-la est_fw-la marguard_n lib._n 4._o c._n 7._o n._n 29._o and_o then_o as_o to_o the_o usage_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la communissima_fw-la omnium_fw-la nullo_n prorsus_fw-la reluctante_fw-la doctorum_fw-la sententia_fw-la quod_fw-la jura_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la emporalia_fw-la &_o regalia_z possunt_fw-la acquiri_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la per_fw-la concessionem_fw-la summi_fw-la principis_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la &_o praescriptione_n lessius_fw-la de_fw-la justitia_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 22._o dub._n 21._o by_o the_o imperial_a law_n commerce_n and_o traffic_n have_v receive_v several_a other_o limitation_n sometime_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v forbid_v to_o trade_n to_o certain_a place_n particular_o name_v and_o in_o general_a by_o other_o constitution_n forbid_v to_o export_v coin_n gold_n or_o arm_n to_o any_o of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n and_o that_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o nation_n be_v so_o the_o practice_n do_v evince_n and_o first_o in_o germany_n where_o the_o law_n prohibit_v all_o monopoly_n yet_o see_v how_o the_o law_n there_o stand_v in_o respect_n of_o our_o case_n circa_n monopolia_fw-la autem_fw-la quae_fw-la exercentur_fw-la adversus_fw-la cives_fw-la observandum_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la illicitum_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la cuivis_fw-la quodvis_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la genus_fw-la exercere_fw-la conceditur_fw-la sed_fw-la illis_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la idem_fw-la exercendum_fw-la juxta_fw-la instituta_fw-la civitatis_fw-la sibi_fw-la jus_fw-la quaesiverunt_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la in_o rebuspub_fw-la europaeis_n tecta_fw-la quaedam_fw-la praestitisse_fw-la oportet_fw-la eum_fw-la qui_fw-la mercatorium_fw-la aut_fw-la opificium_fw-la aliquod_fw-la t'allure_v vult_fw-la this_o as_o to_o corporation_n as_o to_o trade_n society_n thus_o sed_fw-la &_o fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la ut_fw-la à_fw-la summa_fw-la potestate_fw-la societati_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la indulgeatur_fw-la certum_fw-la genus_fw-la mercium_fw-la ex_fw-la certis_fw-la locis_fw-la advehere_fw-la exclusis_fw-la reliquis_fw-la cujus_fw-la privilegii_fw-la concedendi_fw-la variae_fw-la possunt_fw-la esse_fw-la causae_fw-la i._o nam_fw-la commercia_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la loca_fw-la remotissima_fw-la instituerentur_fw-la priusquam_fw-la rite_n stabiliantur_fw-la magnos_fw-la requirunt_fw-la

dutch_a from_o trade_v into_o such_o part_n of_o indies_n whereof_o the_o spaniard_n be_v not_o possess_v upon_o pretence_n that_o they_o have_v the_o dominion_n of_o those_o sea_n inter_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o hispanos_n say_v he_o heac_n controversia_fw-la est_fw-la sitne_n immensum_fw-la &_o vastum_fw-la mare_fw-la regni_fw-la unius_fw-la nec_fw-la maritimi_fw-la accessio_fw-la populóne_fw-la unquam_fw-la jus_o sit_fw-la volentes_fw-la populos_fw-la prohibere_fw-la ne_fw-la vendant_fw-la ne_fw-la permutent_fw-la ne_fw-la denique_fw-la commeent_fw-la inter_fw-la sese_fw-la and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o countryman_n he_o do_v therefore_o assert_v licere_fw-la cuivis_fw-la genti_fw-la quamvis_fw-la alteram_fw-la adire_fw-la cumque_fw-la ea_fw-la negotiare_fw-la which_o take_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v certain_o otherwise_o yet_o nothing_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o thence_o but_o only_o the_o question_n of_o commerce_n between_o one_o nation_n and_o another_o and_o how_o that_o be_v before_o league_n and_o treaty_n be_v make_v little_o may_v perhaps_o be_v find_v as_o mr._n attorney_n well_o observe_v beside_o the_o law_n of_o hospitality_n which_o do_v not_o give_v any_o demandable_a right_n but_o sure_o grotius_n there_o have_v no_o particular_a respect_n to_o particular_a subject_n of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n how_o far_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o any_o nation_n may_v erect_v a_o society_n of_o trade_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o for_o certain_a commodity_n exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o subject_n of_o their_o own_o and_o that_o plain_o appear_v both_o from_o the_o scope_n of_o his_o book_n as_o also_o for_o that_o for_o several_a year_n both_o before_o and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o publish_v that_o treatise_n the_o dutch_a east-india_n company_n be_v establish_v which_o i_o shall_v have_v far_a occasion_n to_o discourse_v of_o by_o and_o by_o as_o for_o welwood_n epistle_n i_o have_v seldom_o observe_v that_o epistle_n have_v be_v cite_v in_o westminster-hall_n as_o authority_n yet_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v so_o that_o all_o loyal_a subject_n shall_v have_v their_o petition_n grant_v to_o safety_n and_o security_n in_o their_o trade_n i_o suppose_v welwood_n little_o dream_v of_o interloper_n when_o he_o talk_v of_o loyal_a subject_n if_o it_o can_v be_v mean_v only_o of_o such_o who_o may_v trade_v by_o law_n that_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n as_o to_o that_o of_o britton_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v common_a it_o be_v answer_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o and_o welwood_n page_n 66._o say_v that_o by_o common_a or_o publicum_fw-la be_v mean_v a_o thing_n common_a for_o the_o use_v of_o any_o one_o sort_n of_o people_n according_a to_o that_o say_n roma_fw-la communis_fw-la patria_fw-la est_fw-la but_o not_o for_o all_o of_o all_o nation_n welwood_n page_n 66._o that_o passage_n of_o burrough_n be_v only_o observe_v to_o prove_v the_o king_n prerogative_n within_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o though_o mr._n william_n will_v have_v insinuate_v as_o the_o sturgeon_n and_o other_o great_a fish_n and_o wreck_n and_o the_o like_a have_v come_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 17._o e._n 3._o c._n 11._o that_o act_n be_v but_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o he_o have_v it_o by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o prerogative_n plowden_n commentary_n in_o the_o case_n of_o mine_n cook_n 5._o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n these_o thing_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o the_o treatise_n of_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la on_o which_o mr._n williams_n so_o much_o rely_v be_v crafty_o write_v to_o overthrow_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o that_o beneficial_a part_n thereof_o relate_v to_o the_o fish_n on_o the_o english_a coast_n and_o contain_v a_o plain_a proclamation_n for_o all_o person_n of_o any_o nation_n indifferent_o to_o fish_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o sea_n for_o say_v cap._n 5._o fol._n 10._o quae_fw-la autem_fw-la navigationis_fw-la eadem_fw-la piscatus_fw-la habenda_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la ut_fw-la communis_fw-la maneat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la and_o herein_o though_o mr._n william_n intend_v to_o make_v good_a the_o premise_n i_o presume_v that_o mr._n pollexfen_n that_o argue_v on_o the_o same_o side_n have_v a_o great_a concern_v for_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o west_n than_o to_o join_v with_o he_o to_o make_v good_a that_o conclusion_n and_o before_o i_o go_v off_o from_o this_o point_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o the_o better_a to_o clear_v the_o way_n to_o my_o conclusion_n to_o give_v some_o instance_n wherein_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o our_o own_o have_v not_o only_o think_v it_o legal_a but_o necessary_a for_o their_o several_a public_a advantage_n to_o put_v restriction_n upon_o trade_n and_o do_v not_o think_v it_o injurious_a to_o natural_a equity_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o mankind_n so_o much_o discourse_v of_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o give_v some_o few_o instance_n videmus_fw-la jura_n commerciorum_fw-la say_v bodin_n de_fw-fr repub._n lib._n 1._o chap._n 7._o non_fw-la solum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la populorum_fw-la principumque_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la conventis_fw-la verumetiam_fw-la singularum_fw-la statutis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o he_o have_v enumerate_v the_o compact_n for_o trade_n between_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_n between_o the_o citizen_n of_o the_o hantz_n town_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n france_n spain_n and_o several_a other_o country_n illi_fw-la say_v he_o inter_fw-la se_fw-la commercium_fw-la multis_fw-la modis_fw-la personarum_fw-la mercium_fw-la locorum_fw-la temporum_fw-la atque_fw-la omni_fw-la aliâ_fw-la ratione_fw-la coarctarunt_fw-la so_o be_v marguardus_fw-la fol._n 155._o and_o buchanan_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o in_o all_o country_n the_o importation_n and_o exportation_n of_o some_o commodity_n be_v prohibit_v as_o salt_n from_o france_n horse_n from_o other_o country_n wool_n from_o hence_o in_o whosoever_o that_o power_n of_o restraint_n do_v remain_v the_o power_n of_o licens_v some_o and_o restrain_v of_o other_o sure_o do_v also_o remain_v by_o parity_n of_o reason_n but_o of_o that_o more_o by_o and_o by_o and_o as_o mr._n attorney_n do_v true_o observe_v upon_o perusal_n of_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v now_o in_o print_n relate_v to_o trade_n the_o parliament_n have_v in_o all_o age_n even_o to_o this_o king_n reign_n since_o his_o restauration_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v more_o law_n to_o prohibit_v foreign_a trade_n than_o to_o increase_v it_o as_o look_v upon_o it_o more_o advantageous_a to_o the_o common-weal_n and_o thus_o have_v observe_v that_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v not_o only_o think_v it_o legal_a but_o necessary_a to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o restraint_n of_o trade_n and_o thereby_o think_v they_o do_v no_o injustice_n to_o the_o liberty_n of_o mankind_n iii_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o step._n i_o shall_v therefore_o three_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o foreign_a trade_n and_o commerce_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n aught_o to_o be_v govern_v and_o judge_v according_a to_o those_o law_n and_o i_o do_v not_o know_v of_o any_o statute_n or_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o in_o print_n that_o do_v oppose_v this_o assertion_n coke_n 3_o inst._n fol._n 181._o in_o the_o margin_n cite_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n at_o the_o bar_n commercium_fw-la say_v he_o jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nay_o it_o be_v the_o express_a text_n of_o the_o law_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la commercia_fw-la sunt_fw-la instituta_fw-la which_o be_v lay_v down_o as_o undeniable_o true_a and_o so_o admit_v to_o be_v by_o the_o defendant_n council_n i_o will_v infer_v from_o thence_o since_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n by_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n all_o controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o same_o law_n especial_o where_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a and_o express_a law_n in_o that_o country_n where_o such_o controversy_n do_v arise_v to_o determine_v they_o by_o and_o mr._n williams_n seem_v to_o allow_v that_o these_o be_v no_o such_o law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o he_o think_v that_o the_o controversy_n now_o before_o we_o be_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v but_o by_o parliament_n all_o other_o nation_n have_v govern_v themselves_o by_o this_o principle_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n stand_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n that_o there_o may_v be_v uniform_a judgement_n give_v there_o to_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n in_o cause_n relate_v to_o commerce_n navigation_n and_o the_o like_a and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o common_a and_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v too_o straight_o and_o narrow_a to_o govern_v and_o decide_v difference_n arise_v