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A08913	A treatise of the plague contayning the causes, signes, symptomes, prognosticks, and cure thereof. Together with sundry other remarkable passages (for the prevention of, and preservation from the pestilence) never yet published by anie man. Collected out of the workes of the no lesse learned than experimented and renowned chirurgian Ambrose Parey.	Paré, Ambroise, 1510?-1590. aut; Johnson, Thomas, d. 1644.	1630 (1630)	STC 19192; ESTC S103146	56,219	88

applied therefore if the veines swell the face waxe fierie red if the arteries of the temples beate strongly if the patient can verie hardly breath by reason of a weight in his stomacke if his spittle be bloudie then ought hee to be let bloud without delay for the causes before mentioned It seemes best to open the liuer veine on the left arme whereby the heart and the spleene may be better discharged of their abundant matter yet bloud letting is not good at all times for it is not expedient when the bodie beginneth to waxe stiffe by reason of the comming of the Feuer for then by drawing backe the heate and spirits inwardly the outward parts beeing destitute of bloud waxe stiffe and cold therefore bloud cannot bee letten then without great losse of the strength and perturbation of the humors And it is to bee noted that when those plethoricke causes are present there is one Indication of bloud-letting in a simple pestilent Feauer and another in that which hath a Bubo id est a Botch or a Carbuncle ioined therewith For in one or both of these being ioined with a vehement and strong burning Feuer bloud must bee letten by opening the veine that is neerest vnto the tumor or swelling against nature keeping the straightnesse of the fibres that this being open the bloud might be drawne more directly from the part affected for all and euerie retraction of putrified bloud vnto the noble parts is to bee auoided because it is noisome and hurtfull to nature and to the patient Therefore for examples sake admit the patient bee plethoricke by repletion which is called Ad vasa id est vnto the vessells and Ad vires id est vnto the strength and therewithall he hath a tumor that is pestilent in the parts belonging vnto his head or necke the bloud must be let out of the cephalicke or median veine or out of one of their branches dispersed in the arme on the greened side But if through occasion of fatt or any other such like cause those veines doe not appeare in the arme there bee some that giue counsell in such a case to open the veine that is betweene the forefinger and the thombe the hand being put into warme water whereby that veine may swell and be filled with bloud gathered thither by meanes of the heate If the tumor bee vnder the arme-hole or about those places the liuer veine or the median must be opened which runneth alongst the hand if it bee in the groine the veine of the hamme or Saphena or any other veine aboue the foote that apreareth well but alwaies on the greeued fide And phlebotomie must bee performed before the third day for this disease is of the kinde or nature of sharpe diseases because that within foure and twentie houres it runneth past helpe In letting of bloud you must haue consideration of the strength You may perceiue that the patient is readie to swound when that his forehead waxeth moist with a small sweate sodainely arising by the aking or paine at the stomacke with an appetite to vomite and desire to go to stoole gaping blacknesse of the lippes and sodaine alteration of the face vnto palenesse and lastly most certainely by a small and slow pulse and then you must lay your finger on the veine and stop it vntill the patient come to himselfe againe either by nature or else restored by Arte that is to say by giuing vnto him bread dipped in wine or anie other such like thing then if you haue not taken bloud enough you must let it goe againe and bleede so much as the greatnesse of the disease or the strength of the patient will permit or require which being done some one of the Antidotes that are prescribed before will be verie profitable to be drunk which may repaire the strength and infrigne the force of the malignitie CHAP. XVII Of purging medicines in a pestilent disease IF you call to minde the proper indications purging shall seeme necessarie in this kinde of disease and that must be prescribed as the present case and necessitie requireth rightly considering that the disease is sodaine and doth require medicines that may with all speede driue out of the bodie the hurtfull humor wherein the noisome qualitie doth lurke and is hidden which medicines are diuerse by reason of the diuersity of the kinde of the humor and the condition or temperature of the patient For this purpose sixe graines of Scammonie beaten into pouder or else tenne graines are commonly ministred to the patient with one dramme of Treacle Also pils may bee made in this forme Take of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dramme of Sulphur vinum finely poudered halfe a dram of Diagridium foure graines make thereof Pils Or Take three drams of Alloes of Myrhe and Saffron of each one dramme of white Hellebore and Asarabacca of each foure scruples make thereof a masle with old Treacle and let the patient take foure scruples thereof for a dose three houres before meate Ruffus his Pils may be profitably giuen to those that are weake The ancient Physitions haue greatly commended Agarick for this disease because it doth draw the noisome humors out of all the members and the vertues thereof are like vnto those of Treacle for it is thought to strengthen the heart and to draw out the malignitie by purging To those that are strong the weight of two drammes may be giuen and to those that are more weake halfe a dramme It is better to giue the infusion in a decoction than in substance for beeing elected and prepared truely into Trochises it may bee called a most diuine kinde of medicine Antimonium is highly praised by the experience of many but because I know the vse thereof is condemned by the counsell and decree of the Schoole of Physitions at Paris I will here cease to speake of it Those medicines that cause sweates are thought to excell all others when the Pestilence commeth of the venemous ayre among whom the efficacie of that which followeth hath beene proued to the great good of manie in that Pestilence which was lately throughout all Germanie as Matthias Rodler Chauncellor to Duke George the Count Palatine signified vnto mee by letters They doe take a bundle of Mugwort and of the ashes thereof after it is burnt they make a lye thereof with foure pints of water then they doe set it ouer the fier and boile it in a vessell of earth well leaded vntill the liquor be consumed the earthy dregges falling vnto the bottome like vnto salt wherof they make Trochises of the weight of a crowne of gold then they dissolue one or two of those Trochises according to the strength of the patient in good Muskadine and giue it the patient to drinke and let him walke after that he hath drunk it for the space of halfe an houre then lay him in his bedde and there sweate him two or three houres and then hee will vomite and his belly will

A TREATISE OF THE PLAGUE CONTAYNING The Causes Signes Symptomes Prognosticks and Cure thereof Together with sundry other remarkable passages for the prevention of and preservation from the Pestilence never yet published by anie man Collected out of the Workes of the no lesse learned than experimented and renowned Chirurgian AMBROSE PAREY PSAL. 91. 5 6. Thou shalt not be afraid for the terrour by night nor for the Pestilence that walketh in darknesse LONDON Printed by R. Y. and R. C. and are sold by Mich. Sparke in the green Arbor Court in little Old Bailey at the blew Bible 1630. To the Reader REader for a publike good I haue aduentured to vndergoe a publike censure in those times totally addicted to criticisme induced thereto by thinking it better to helpe with those small forces I haue in this dangerusi nuasion than through feare of censures to be silent chiefly seeing those who at other times shew themselues prime leaders and souldiers to expell common and vsuall assailants become the first and cheife fugitiues in these cases of extremity And hauing found one whose knowledge and experience exceeds the greatest part of our common practitioners I make bold here to present him to thy eye and vse hee speakes plainely and honestly and handles not nice controuersies to small purpose nor tires with tedious and impertinent discourses wherefore if thou be destitute of counsell it shall not repent thee to vse his In which if thou finde comfort giue thankes to him to whom onely all praise is due who of his mercy diuert or if not assist vs in all times of his visitations farewell A Treatise of the Plague CHAP. I. The description of the Plague THe Plague is a cruell and contagious Disease which euerie-where like a common Disease inuading Man and Beast kils verie many being attended and as it were associated with a continuall Feauer Botches Carbunkles Spots Nauseousnesse Vomitings and other such maligne accidents This Disease is not so pernitious or hurtfull by any Elementarie qualitie as from a certaine poysonous and venenate malignitie the force whereof exceeds the condition of common putrefaction Yet I will not deny but that it is more hurtfull in certaine Bodyes Times and Regions as also many other Diseases of which Hippocrates makes mention But from hence we can onely collect that the force and malignitie of the Plague may be increased or diminished according to the condition of the Elementarie qualities concurring with it but not the whole nature and essence thereof to depend thereon This pestiferous Poyson principally assailes the Vitall Spirit the Store-house and originall whereof is the Heart so that if the Vitall Spirit proue stronger it driues it farre from the Heart but if weaker it being ouercome and weakned by the hostile assault flies backe into the Fortress of the Heart by the like contagion infecting the Heart and so the whole Body being spred into it by the passages of the Arteries Hence it is pestilent Feauers are some-times simple and folitarie other-whiles associated with a troope of other affects as Botches Carbunkles Blaines and Spots of one or more colours It is probable such affects haue their originall from the expulfiue Facultie whether strong or weake prouoked by the malignitie of the raging matter Yet assuredly diuers symptomes and changes arise according to the constitution of the Body of the Patient and condition of the humour in which the virulencie of the Plague is chiefely inherent and lastly in the nature of the efficient cause I thought good by this description to expresse the nature of the Plague at this my first entrance into this matter for we can scarce comprehend it in a proper definition For although the force thereof be definite and certaine in Nature yet it is not altogether certaine and manifest in Mens minds because it neuer happens after one sort so that in so great varietie it is verie difficult to set downe any thing generall and certaine CHAP. II. Of the Diuine causes of an extraordinarie Plague IT is a confirmed constant and receiued opinion in all Ages amongst Christians that the Plague and other Diseases which violently assaile the life of Man are often sent by the iust anger of God punishing our offences The Prophet Amos hath long since taught it saying Shall there be affliction shall there be euill in a Citie and the Lord hath not done it On which truly we ought alwayes to meditate and that for two causes The first is that we alwayes beare this in mind that we enioy health liue moue and haue our beings from God and descends from that Father of Light and for this cause we are alwayes bound to giue him great and exceeding thankes The other is that knowing the calamities by sending whereof the Diuine anger proceeds to reuenge we may at length repend and leauing the way of wickednesse walke in the pathes of godlinesse For thus we shall learne to see in God our selues the Heauen and Earth the true knowledge of the causes of the Plague and by a certaine Diuine Philosophy to teach God to be the beginning and cause of the second causes which well without the first cause cannot goe about nor attempt much lesse performe any thing for from hence they borrow their force order and constancie of order so that they serue as Instruments for God who rules and gouernes vs and the whole World to performe all his workes by that constant course of order which he hath appointed vnchangeable from the beginning Wherefore all the cause of a Plague is not to be attributed to these neere and inferiour causes or beginnings as the Epicures and Lucianists commonly doe who attributing too much yea all things to Nature haue left nothing to Gods Prouidence On the contrarie we ought to thinke and beleeue in all our thoughts That euen as God by his omnipotent Power hath created all things of nothing so he by his eternall Wisedome preserues and gouernes the same leads and enclines them as he please yea verily at his pleasure changes their order and the whole course of Nature This cause of an extraordinarie Plague as we confesse and acknowledge so here we will not prosecute it any further but thinke fit to leaue it to Diuines because it exceeds the bounds of Nature in which I will now containe my selfe Wherefore let vs come to the naturall causes of the Plague CHAP. III. Of the Naturall causes of the Plague and chiefely of the Seminarie of the Plague by the corruption of the Aire THE generall and naturall causes of the Plague are absolutely two that is the infection of corrupt Aire and a preparation and fitnesse of corrupt humours to take that infection for it is noted before out of the Doctrine of Galen that our humours may be corrupted and degenerate into such an alienation which may equall the malignitie of Poyson The Aire is corrupted when the foure seasons of the yeere haue not their seasonablenesse or degenerate from themselues either by

Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should thinke euerie disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the ayre is polluted with the seedes of the Pestilence the humors in the bodie are soone infected with the vicinitie of such an ayre so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his owne nature or which is not made pestilent Manie begin the cure with bloud-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes We taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote beeause that by its specificke propertie it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserue and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poison and the Pestilence not onely because they doe infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they driue it and expell it out of all the bodie by sweate vomiting scouring and such other kindes of euacuations The Antidote must be giuen in such a quantitie as may bee sufficient to ouercome the poison but because it is not good to vse it in greater quantitie than neederh lest it should ouerthrow our nature for whose preseruation only it is vsed therefore that which cannot bee taken together and at once must bee taken at seuerall times that some portion thereof may daily be vsed so long vntill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poison be past and that there bee nothing to be feared Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venomous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrarie to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serue as guide to bring all the Antidote vnto the place where the venenate malignitie hath made the chiefe impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathie one poison is sodainly snatched and carried vnto another There are other absolute poisonous which neuerthelesse are Antidotes one vnto another as a Scorpion himselfe cureth the pricke of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strenthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repaire and recreate the wasted Spirits and ouercome the poyson not onely being taken inwardly but also applied outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden propertie they draw the poisons vnto them as Amber doth Chaffe and digest it when it is drawne and spoile and robbe it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his booke de Theriaca ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiments But you will say that these things are hote and that the Plague is often accompanied with a burning Feauer But therereto I answer there is not so great danger in the Feauer as in the Pestilence although in the giuing of Treacle I would not altogether seeme to neglect the Feauer but thinke it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordiall cooling medicines as with the Trochisces of Camphire Sirup of Lemmons of water Lillies the water of Sorrell and such like And for the same cause wee ought not to choose old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two yeares old to those that are strong you may giue halfe a dramme and to those that are more weake a dramme The patient ought to walke presently after that he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or anie other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like vnto many which when they perceiue themselues to be infected do not cease to course and runne vp and downe vntill they haue no strength to sustaine their bodies for so they doe dissolue nature so that it cannot suffice to ouercome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warme to bedde and couered with manie clothes and warme brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feete or in stead thereof you may vse swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the grindes and arme-holes to prouoke sweate for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedie both for to euacuate the humors in the Feauer and also to driue forth the malignitie in the Pestilence although euerie sweate brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germanie that did sweat so for the space of three dayes that the bloud came forth at her head and breast and yet neuerthelesse she died This potion following will prouoke sweate Take the roots of China shaued in thinne peeces one ounce and halfe of Guaiacum two ounces of the barke of Tamariske one ounce of Angelica rootes two drams of the shauings of Harts-horne one ounce of Iuniper berries three drams put them into a viall of glasse that will containe sixe quarts put therto foure quarts of rūning or riuer water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the hot ashes and in the morning boile them all in Balneo Mariae vntill the halfe be consumed which will be done in the space of sixe houres then let them be strained through a bagge and then strained againe but let that be with sixe ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will prouoke sweat The pouder following is also verie profitable Take of the leaues of Dictamnus the rootes of Tormentill Betoni of each halfe an ounce of bole Armenicke prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Mirrhe of each halfe a dram of Saffron one dram of Masticke two drammes pouder them all according to Arte and giue one dram thereof dissolued in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrell and let the patient walke so soone as he hath taken that pouder then let him be laid in his bed to sweate as I haue shewed before The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus benedictus Burnet of each one handfull of Sorrell seedes and Diuels-bit of each two pugils of Ivie and Iuniper berries of each halfe an ounce of the flowers of Buglosse Violets and red Roses of each two pugils pouder them somewhat grossely then soake or steepe them for a night in white wine and Rose water then adde thereto of Bole Armenicke one ounce of Treacle halfe an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keepe the distilled liquor in a viall of glasse well couered or close stopped for your vse let the patient take sixe ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinamon and Saffron then let him walke and then sweate as

Manie ancient Professors greatly commend Scabious ground or braied betweene two stones and mixed with old Hogges-grease the yelkes of egges and a little salt for it will cause suppuration in Carbuncles also an egge it selfe beeing mixed with Barly-meale and oyle of Violets doth mitigate paine and suppurate A Raddish roote cut in slices and so the slices laied one after one vnto a Carbuncle or pestilent tumor doth mightily draw out the poison The iuice of Colts foote doth extinguish the heate of Carbuncles the herbe called Diuels-bit being bruised worketh the like effect I haue often vsed the medicine following vnto the heate of Carbuncles with verie good successe it doth also asswage paine and cause suppuration Take of the soot scraped from a chimney foure ounces of common salte two ounces beate them into small powder adding thereto the yelkes of two egges and stirre them well together vntill it come to haue the consistence of a pultis and let it bee applied warme vnto the Carbuncle In the beginning the point or head of the Carbuncle must be burned if it be blacke by dropping thereinto scalding hot oyle or Aquafortis for by such a burning the venome is suffocated as touched by lightening and the paine is much lessened as I haue proued oftentimes neither is it to be feared lest that this burning should be too painfull for it toucheth nothing but the point of the carbuncle which by reason of the eschar that is there is voide of sense After this burning you must goe forward with the former described medicines vntill the eschar seemeth to separate it selfe from the flesh round about it which is a token of the patients recouery for it signifieth that nature is strong and able to resist the poison After the fall of the Eschar you must vse gentle mundificatiues as those which wee haue prescribed in a pestilent Bubo not omitting sometimes the vse of suppuratiue and mollifying medicines that while the grosse matter is cleansed that which is as yet rude may be brought to suppuration for then the indication is twofold the one to suppurate that which remaineth as yet crude and raw in the part and the other to cleanse that which remaineth concocted and perfectly digested in the vicer CHAP. XXVI How to cure Infants and Children taken with the Plague IF that it happen that sucking or weaned children be infected with the pestilence they must bee cured after another order then is yet described The Nurse of the sucking childe must gouerne her selfe so in dyet and the vse of medicines as shee were infected with the pestilence her selfe Her dyet consisteth in the vse of the six things not naturall Therefore let it bee moderate for the fruit or profit of that moderation in dyet cannot chuse but come vnto the nurses milke and so vnto the infant who liueth onely by the milke And the infant it selfe must keepe the same dyet as neere as he can in sleepe waking and expulsion or auoiding of superfluous humors and excrements of the body Let the nurse bee fed with those things that doe mitigate the violence of the feuerish heate as cooling brothes cooling herbs and meats of a moderate temperature shee must wholly abstaine from wine and annoint her nipples as often as shee giueth the infant sucke with water or iuice of sorrell tempered with sugar of roses But the infants heart must be fortified against the violence of the encreasing venom by giuing it one scruple of treacle in the nurses milke the broth of a pullet or some other cordiall water It is also very necessary to annoint the region of the heart the emunctories and both the wrests with the same medicine neither were it vnprofitable to smell often vnto Treacle dissolued in rose water vineger of roses and a little Aquavita that so nature may bee strengthened against the malignity of the venom When the children are weaned and somewhat well growne they may take medicines by the mouth for when they are able to concoct and turne into bloud meates that are more grosse and firme than milke they may easily actiuate a gentle medicine Therefore a potion must bee prepared for them of twelue graines of treacle dissolued with a little of the syrupe of succory in some cordiall water or the broth of a capon vnlesse that any had rather giue it with conserue of roses in forme of a bole but treacle must bee giuen to children in very small quantity for if it be taken in any large quantity there is great danger lest that by inflamming the humors it inferre a feuer Furthermore broth may bee prepared to bee taken often made of a capon seasoned with sorrell lettuce purslane and cooling seedes adding thereto bole armenicke and terrae sigillata of each one ounce being tyed in a ragge and sometimes pressed out from the decoction For bole armenicke whether it bee by its maruellous facultie of drying or by some hidden property hath this vertue that being drunken according as Galen witnesseth it cureth those that are infected with the pestilence if so bee that they may bee cured by physicke so that those that cannot bee cured with bole armenicke cannot be preserued by any other medicines But because the bodies of children are warme moist and vaporous they are easily deliuered of some portion of the venenate matter through the pores of the skinne by prouoking sweat with a decoction of parsly seedes prunes figs and the rootes of sorrell with a little of the powder of harts horne or Iuory But that the sweat may bee more aboundant and copious apply sponges dipped and pressed out in the decoction of sage rosemary lauender bayes chamomyle melilote and mallowes or else swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction to the arme-holes and to the groines In the time that they sweate let their faces bee fanned to coole them Also let a nodule of Treacle dissolued in vineger and water of Roses bee applied to the nostrels but alwaies vse a moderation in sweating because that children are of a substance that is easie to bee dissipated and resolued so that oftentimes although they do not sweate yet they feele the commodities of sweating the matter of the venome beeing dissipated by the force of the heate through the pores of the skinne But in the sweating while the face is fanned and sweete and cordiall things applied to the nostrels nature must be recreated and strengthened which otherwise would bee debilitated through sweating that it may bee better able to expell the venome After that the sweat is wiped away it is verie profitable to take a potion of conserue of Roses with the pouder of an Harts horne or of Iuorie dissolued in the waters of Buglosse and Sorrell the better to coole and defend the heart If there appeare anie tumor vnder the arme-holes or in the groine let it be brought to maturation with a mollifying relaxing drawing and then with a suppuratiue fomentation or Cataplasme alwaies vsing and handling it as gently as you may considering the tender age of the infant If you haue neede to purge the patient the purgation following may be prescribed with great profite Take of Rubarbe in pouder one dramme infuse it in the watet of Carduus Benedictus with one scruple of Cinamon in the straining dissolue two drams of Diaratholicon of syrup of Roses laxatiue three drams make thereof a small potion This is the cure of the Pestilence and of the pestilent Feuer as farre as I could learne from the most learned Physitions and haue obserued my selfe by manifold experience by the grace and permission of God of whom alone as the author of all good things that mortall men enioy the true and certaine preseruatiues against the Pestilence are to bee desired and hoped for FINIS