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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19740	The copy of a letter written by E.D. Doctour of Physicke to a gentleman, by whom it was published The former part conteineth rules for the preseruation of health, and preuenting of all diseases vntill extreme olde age. Herein is inserted the authours opinion of tabacco. The latter is a discourse of emperiks or vnlearned physitians, wherein is plainly prooued that the practise of all those which haue not beene brought vp in the grammar and vniuersity, is alwayes confused, commonly dangerous, and often deadly.	Duncon, Eleazar, 1597 or 8-1660.	1606 (1606)	STC 6164; ESTC S109182	59,222	56

groweth thicke and grosse the minde is dull and sad This is too apparent in many though it be obscured by discretion in some I see not therfore how Tabacco can be acquited from procuring the ouerthrow of the perfect state both of body and minde and that not onlie in Tabacconists themselues but in their posterity also for the temperament and constitution of the father is ordinarily transfused into the children and the affections of the minde also depending vpon the other This is verified likewise in distempered and sicke bodies Fernelius saith what disease so euer the father hath that goeth into the childe The father giueth the forme nature and essence to the child as Galen affirmeth Therefore where the humours of the body haue contracted a sharpe heat and drinesse by drinking of Tabacco there the father getteth a childe like to himselfe wanting that kinde moisture that should protract his life vnto olde age and incline him to an ingenuous courteous and kinde carriage But many take it imagining that it doth inable them in some actions I confesse that it putteth a sharpe and fretting heat into the blood which doth incitare but they shall the sooner faile in their course for heat can not be preserued without moisture and Tabacco consumeth that by infusing a drie qualitie into the body by excesse of heat and by drawing out of moisture Therefore Tabacco though neuer so sparingly taken can not be good for you nor for yoong and sound bodies and the often vse of it in such bodies driueth them lentis gradibus into their graue long before that time that nature had assigned them Hippocrates sayth that which is done by little and little is done safely and in diet as well as in other things he commandeth all to be vsed with moderation Galen speaking of gentle opening medicines affirmeth that the often vse of them drieth vp the solid parts of the body and maketh the blood thicke and grosse which being burnt in the kidnies breedeth the stone This may as well be verified of Tabacco for many take it oftener than euer such opening medicines were taken and it hath also more heat and drinesse than those had and therefore greater power to hurt sound bodies There may peraduēture be a profitable vse of it in cold moist bodies but it must be taken very seldome and with great regard of sundry other circumstances To conclude sith it is so hurtfull and dangerous to youth I wish in compassion of them that it might haue the pernitious nature expressed in the name and that it were as well knowen by the name of Youths-bane as by the name of Tabacco The second thing is meat and drinke Our bodies as Galen affirmeth are in assiduo fluore in a continuall wasting the inward heat alwayes consuming part of the very substance of them The vse of meat and drinke is necessarie for the restauration of this dayly losse These rightly vsed according to the rules of physicke haue great power to preserue the body from diseases This is verified by Galen in the same booke To him Fernelius assenteth in these words He shall be troubled with no disease that layeth temperance for the foundation of his life And in the same chapter he addeth That neither the aire nor the affections of the minde nor any other cause doth breed diseases vnlesse there be a disposition in the body proceeding from some errour in diet There are fiue things to be obserued in the vse of meat The substance the quantity the qualities the times of eating and the order Touching the substance Galen sayth In victu salubri c. In healthfull diet the two chiefe things are meats of good iuice and not stopping Here to auoid tediousnesse I passe ouer meats of good nourishment most of them being well knowen to you and I will speake only of some few that are badde Meats of ill iuice fill the body with grosse humours subiect to putrifafaction which is one of the principall causes of most diseases Galen reporteth that when there was great scarsitie of corne thorowout the Romane Empire the people being compelled to eat roots and hearbs of bad nourishment fell into diseases of sundry kindes This he doth further confirme by the example of his owne body for during the time of his eating of ordinary fruits he was troubled with agues almost euery yeere but after that he left them and fed only on good meats he protracted his life vntill extreame olde age without any sicknesse The worst meats that are in vse with vs are of flesh Bulles beefe the blood whereof being accounted poison amongst Physicians may iustly make the flesh suspected specially for colde and weake stomacks All olde beefe is of hard digestion and breedeth grosse and melancholike blood Bores flesh is much of the same nature and the older and greater the worse There is the like reason of Bucks Male-goats and Rammes in their kinde their ill iuice increaseth with their yeeres and those vngelt are of harder and grosser nourishment Blood howsoeuer it be prepared is vtterly condemned by Galen so are the inwards of beasts and the feet also specially of the greater sort of them Of fishes the greater and older are the worst and bring most labour to the stomacke those that liue in muddy or standing waters are farre worse than those of the same kinde that keepe in grauelly or cleere riuers Ecles are iustly excluded from the number of holsome meats because they breed of putrifaction Most English fruits are forbidden in diet Many of them are profitable in medicines therefore Galen sayth Apples Peares and Medlers are not to be vsed as meats but as medicines The sooner ripe and the sooner subiect to corruption are most condemned because they are easily turned into putrifaction in the body Cucumbers are too vsuall with vs being vtterly reiected by Galen for their ill iuice and if they be not well concocted as they are neuer in a colde stomacke they are almost like to deadly poison Our common raw salads are full of danger Lettice is one of the best of their vsuall ingredients which though it be good in a hot stomacke yet being taken in a great quantity it pierceth to the heart and killeth as Galen affirmeth It is not safe for any man in the vse of these bad meats to presume vpon his strong stomacke for though naughty meats be well concocted yet Galen telleth vs that when the iuice of them is caried into the veines it reteineth the old nature This point is more largely handled by Ludouicus Merca●us a learned Italian But I conclude with Galen in the foresayd place we must abstaine from all meats of bad iuice though they be easie of concoction for by the vse of them our bodies will be filled with matter ready to putrifie vpon euery light occasion whereupon maligne and dangerous

THE COPY OF A LETTER written by E. D. Doctour of Physicke to a Gentleman by whom it was published The former part conteineth rules for the preseruation of health and preuenting of all diseases vntill extreme olde age Herein is inserted the Authours opinion of Tabacco The latter is a discourse of Emperiks or vnlearned Physitians wherein is plainly prooued that the practise of all those which haue not beene brought vp in the Grammar and Vniuersity is alwayes confused commonly dangerous and often Deadly ECCLES 38. 1. Honour the Physician with that honour that is due vnto him for the Lord hath created him LONDON Printed by Melchisedech Bradwood 1606. THE PVBLISHER to the Reader GEntle Reader let it not seeme strange that I publish vnto thee a priuate letter There are three principall causes which haue moued me hereunto First a world of examples both of moderne and ancient Writers whose epistles perhaps priuatly intended as this was haue now their publike vse Secondly my loue vnto the Authour a man deseruing loue of all but specially of me vnto whom I am beholding next vnto God for that health which Ienioy Thirdly the woorth of the worke it selfe wherein looke not for hyperbolicall phrases or curious affectation for as in his life he preferreth deeds before words so in his writings shalt thou finde more substance than shewes Yet so hath he ioyned profit with pleasure sound discourse with sweet delight that if my loue deceiueth me not and some learned Physicians who at my request haue perused it as the Poet sayth Omne tulit punctum His rules of health vnto those that will be ruled by them are full of health his discouery of bastard Physicians will make wisemen beware their ignorance their arrogancie their rashnesse is here layd open not with iesting termes for that he accounteth no lesse than an artificiall iniury but with such euident demonstrations as he that hereafter shall know them and will not eschew them shall be deemed accessary to his own ouerthrow I haue named the former part Healths Preseruatiue and the latter A Discourse of Empiricks and vnlearned Physicians I wish as much good to come vnto thee by this my friends labour as was meant vnto my selfe Be thine owne friend Take heed of Empiricks And so farewell Healths Preseruatiue SIr I haue here sent you an answer to your kinde letters though not so soone as you expected yet assoone as my businesse and the large handling of the matter protracted farre beyond my first purpose would permit Your request standeth vpon two scuerall parts the one is To set downe rules and directions out of our Art for the preseruation ofhealth and preuenting of diseases the other is To deliuer my opinion concerning Empericks Touching the former though health be a precious thing and the greatest blessing belonging to this life yet the meanes of preseruing it are little thought of and lightly regarded of most that haue full fruition of it and are in their flourishing yeeres If this your request proceedeth from a resolution to obserue those things which you desire to heare Dignus es Nestoris annis Crotonis salubritate You are worthy oflong life and perfect health Some place their felicitie in honour some in wealth other in other things but if health be not a continuall attendant vpon these this supposed happinesse is soone changed into miserie An ancient Poet sayth O blessed health when thou art present all things flourish as in the Spring without thee no man is happy To this agreeth that of Pindarus If a man possesse riches ioyned with health and hath with them a good report there is no cause why he should desire to be a god Health is thus defined by Galen Sanitas est calidi frigidi humidi siccitemperies an equall mixture or proportion of the foure elements not equall by iust proportion ofweight of euery element alike which is called temperatum ad pondus but temperatum ad iustitiam such a proportion as is most agreeable to the preseruation and continuance oflife and health and as it were due by the right ofiustice The same author in another place sheweth more plainly what health is in these words We call that constitution of body health wherein we are not vexed with paine nor hindred in the actions of our life This perfect constitution is altered impaired two wayes the one by inward the other by outward ward things The inward are bred and borne with vs and it is not in our power to resist them they are in number three Drinesse continuall decay or wasting of the substance of our bodies and breeding of superfluous excrements Of these Galen discourseth at large in the foresaid booke but I omit them as things out of our power and come to the outward which haue equall or greater force to ouerthrow our health if they be lightly regarded and much vertue to preserue vs from sicknesse if we vse them rightly These are almost in our power and most of them may be obserued by vs if we endeuor to liue free from sicknesse That they haue ability to effect this it doth plainly appeare in the booke before cited in these words He that leadeth a free life and hath a care of keeping his health shall neuer be troubled with so much as a bile And in another place They which haue a good state of bodie and free transpiration and vse not too violent exercise and keepe their stomacke and liuer warme it is impossible for them to haue an ague This warrant of so great a Physician to liue vntill extreame olde age without any disease may moue you to a carefull and diligent obseruation of the rules required to this happy state of life These outward things are in number six The aire meat and drinke exercise and rest sleepe and waking expelling and retaining of superfluities and the affections of the mind All these are in our arte comprised vnder the name of Diet as Galen doth testifie in plaine words These are called things not naturall because they are not of the essence or nature of the body They are called by Galen Causae couseruatrices because they keepe and preserue the body in perfect health vntill it commeth lege adrastriae by ineuitable fate neere the graue being withered and consumed for want of moisture Of these six the aire hath the first place because our life beginneth with that and we haue a continuall vse of it as well by night as by day both sleeping and waking it is of it owne nature bot and moist but it is subiect to many alterations from the earth from the waters from the windes and from the heauens it ministreth nourishment to the spirits and cooleth them and receiueth their superfluous fumes it passeth by the mouth nose and arteries into the braine lungs heart and all parts of the body what substance or qualities soeuer be in it those it infuseth first into the spirits then

this affection how profitable soeuer it be ifit exceedeth the limits bounds of moderation it is sometimes deadly therefore Fernel sayth it disperseth the spirits like lightning that they can not returne to mainteine life There is a lamentable example of one Di●goras who had three sonnes crowned Victors in one day at the solemne games of Olym●us and whiles he embraced them and they put their garlands vpon his head and the people reioycing with them cast flowers vpon him the olde man ouerfilled with ioy yeelded vp his life suddenly in the middes of the assembly But examples of this kinde are rare and therefore not to be feared Sorow Sorow and griefe hath great power to weaken the ablest state of body it doth as Plato speaketh exercise cruell tyranny Tuscul quest Cum omnis perturbatio m●sera est tum carni●icina est agritu do c. Tully discoursing of the affections of the mind hath these words Euery perturbation is miserable but griefe is a cruell torment lust hath with it heat mirth lightnesse feare basenesse but griefe bringeth farre greater things wasting torment vexation deformity it teareth it eateth and vtterly consumeth the mind and body also Histories affoord many examples of those that haue beene brought into consumptions and to death by sorrow and griefe Feare Feare is an expectation of ill it is commonly the forerunner of griefe it calleth the bloud suddenly from the outward parts to the heart and leaueth them destitute of their naturall heat for want whereof they tremble and shake the heart then suffereth violence also as appeareth by the weake and slow pulse and it is sometimes suddenly ouercome and suffocated by the violent recourse of bloud Feare killeth many Thus Publius Rutilius and Marcus Lepidus ended their liues as Pliny reporteth There are sundry examples in histories of those that through extreame feare haue had their haire changed into a whitish hoarenesse in one night Skenk obseruat This opinion is confirmed by Scaliger contra Cardan and the reason annexed Anger Anger may adde somewhat to health in colde and moist bodies for it is an increase of the heat of bloud about the heart Gal. de sanit tu enda lib. 2 ex Aristot This bringeth much hurt to cholericke bodies it is comprehended vnder the first of the fiue generall causes of agues it is also sometime the cause of an epilepsie or the falling sicknesse as a De locis affectis lib. 5 cap. 5. Galen affirmeth in the history of Diodorus the Grammarian but this affection be it neuer so violent taketh not away the life suddenly as b De sympt caus lib 2. Galen and most other Physitians affirme for in cold and weake constitutions it can not be vehement Magnani●s ob nullam animi aegritud moriuntur Gal. de locis affect lib. 5. and the strength of hot bodies wherein it is alwayes most violent will not yeeld vnto it I know that some c Cardan consil 1. are of contrary opinion but I may not enter into controuersies hauing beene already so long Other affections I omit as being neere the nature of some of these and hauing lesse power to hurt the body You see sir with what efficacy the affections of the minde worke into the body therefore it is as necessary for health to holde a meane and moderation in them as in the fiue other forenamed things For though we liue in a sweet and pure aire obserue a strict diet vse sleepe and exercise according to the rules of Physicke and keepe fit times and measure in expelling superfluities out of our bodies yet if we haue not quiet calme and placable mindes we shall subiect ourselues to those diseases that the minde yeelding to these passions commonly inflicteth vpon the body these are many in number grieuous to suffer and dangerous to life Thus I haue briefly run ouer these six things which being rightly vsed with speciall care and regard will preserue all strong bodies in continuall health and preuent all diseases vntill the radicall moisture be consumed and no oile left to maintaine the light of the lampe A Discourse of Empiricks or vnlearned Physicians A Preface to the Reader THe life of man is so precious as that all which a man hath he will giue for the ransome thereof Neither is this care of preseruing his owne life alone naturally implanted in the heart of man but that he may saue the life of others also how dangerously will he aduenture somtimes casting himselfe into deepe waters to saue one from danger of drowning sometimes breaking into an house flaming on euery side to deliuer one from perishing in the fire And this naturall instinct hath beene the cause also that publike persons haue by holesome lawes prouided for the safety thereof and priuate men haue spent their thoughts in discouering those stratagems whereby the life of man is oppugned Now because none are more pernicious enemies to the same than are these Empericks who vnder colour of drawing out the threed of mans life doe most cruelly cut the same in sunder before the time there haue beene some in all ages that haue vehemently inueighed ●ga●●st them and laboured with all diligence to suppresse them as it were to quench some gri●uous fire But hitherto all labour hath beene lost that was spent that way for like the Lernean monster against which Hercules fought in the roome of one seuen others haue arisen and haue by opposition growen both in number and estimation also with many and that partly by their owne diuellish and detestable practises and partly by the folly of others And first for themselues they will falsly vaunt what admirable cures haue beene performed by them that No mottall man is able to doe more than they can doe They will promise confidently to cure any disease though neuer so desperate as to breake a confirmed stone in the bladder or els To lodge it in some part of the bladder that it shall neuer paine them after And vnto such as are therefore left by the iudicious Physician because sentence of death hath already passed against them on an Indicatory day they will warrant life and that to the end they may be imployed after their betters which is no small credit vnto them Now if they be found to haue missed the cushion and the party dies as was foretold then will they pawne their liues that the disease was mistaken by the first Physitian and that if they had beene called to the cure but one day sooner it had beene a matter of nothing to haue saued his life for the partie died because he was let bloud if that were aduised by the other with good discretion or because he was not let blood if that were omitted vpon iust cause On the contrary the learned Physitian though he haue no religion will not for his credit sake be found to vtter any vntrueth is very sparing in reporting