show_v we_o that_o not_o the_o private_a felicity_n of_o any_o single_a man_n be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o of_o any_o one_o who_o will_v true_o obey_v his_o will_n and_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o also_o appear_v that_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o from_o their_o own_o natural_a force_n and_o efficacy_n be_v apt_a to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a be_v certain_o better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v only_o serve_v the_o private_a good_a of_o any_o one_o man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o a_o common_a good_a be_v great_a than_o a_o private_a so_o likewise_o those_o action_n which_o take_v the_o near_a way_n to_o attain_v this_o effect_n as_o a_o end_n be_v call_v right_o because_o of_o their_o natural_a similitude_n with_o a_o right_n or_o straight_o line_n which_o be_v always_o the_o short_a between_o the_o two_o term_n but_o the_o same_o action_n when_o compare_v with_o a_o natural_a or_o positive_a law_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o life_n or_o manner_n and_o be_v find_v conformable_a to_o it_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a and_o also_o right_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n but_o the_o rule_n itself_o be_v call_v right_o or_o straight_o as_o it_o show_v the_o near_a way_n to_o the_o end_n but_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o for_o the_o clear_a explication_n of_o these_o thing_n to_o what_o we_o have_v far_o say_v concern_v they_o in_o the_o discourse_n its_o self_n especial_o in_o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o we_o prove_v against_o mr._n h_n principle_n that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a natural_a and_o moral_a good_a antecedent_n to_o civil_a law_n but_o however_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v you_o in_o short_a the_o method_n which_o we_o take_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v real_o and_o indeed_o and_o not_o metaphorical_o ah_o law_n 1._o this_o general_a supposition_n be_v premise_v that_o all_o particular_a person_n who_o can_v either_o promote_v or_o oppose_v this_o common_a good_a be_v part_n of_o that_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v either_o preserve_v or_o prejudice_v by_o their_o endeavour_n we_o shall_v not_o now_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_a proof_n as_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o action_n of_o which_o we_o have_v partly_o treat_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o partly_o from_o their_o natural_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o our_o observation_n on_o mr._n h_n principle_n all_o which_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o felicity_n or_o high_a reward_n be_v essential_o connect_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n with_o the_o most_o full_a and_o constant_a exercise_n of_o our_o natural_a power_n employ_v about_o the_o noble_a object_n and_o great_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o as_o proportion_v to_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o man_n endue_v with_o these_o faculty_n be_v natural_o oblige_v under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v or_o miss_v of_o this_o their_o happiness_n to_o exercise_v those_o power_n about_o the_o worthy_a object_n viz._n god_n and_o mankind_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v long_o doubt_v whether_o our_o faculty_n may_v be_v more_o happy_o exercise_v in_o maintain_v friendship_n or_o enmity_n with_o they_o for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v certain_a there_o can_v be_v no_o neutral_a state_n in_o which_o god_n and_o man_n can_v neither_o be_v belove_v nor_o hate_v or_o in_o which_o we_o can_v stand_v so_o far_o neuter_n as_o neither_o to_o do_v thing_n grateful_a nor_o ungrateful_a to_o they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a necessity_n if_o we_o will_v be_v true_o happy_a of_o preserve_v amity_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n here_o be_v thereby_o present_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o be_v now_o inquire_v into_o for_o this_o alone_a establish_v all_o natural_a religion_n and_o also_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v beside_o piety_n towards_o god_n 1._o a_o peaceable_a commerce_n and_o agreement_n of_o divers_a nation_n which_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v but_o a_o branch_n or_o subordinate_a member_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n 2._o the_o constitution_n and_o conservation_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o civil_a law_n and_o 3._o the_o continuance_n of_o domestic_a relation_n and_o private_a friendship_n concern_v which_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o ethic_n as_o also_o the_o more_o particular_a one_o of_o oeconomy_n do_v prescribe_v and_o therefore_o we_o have_v put_v together_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n by_o which_o all_o particular_a person_n of_o sound_a mind_n be_v some_o way_n render_v capable_a of_o so_o large_a a_o society_n and_o be_v either_o more_o near_o or_o remote_o dispose_v to_o it_o and_o we_o do_v here_o entreat_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o will_v not_o consider_v those_o thing_n each_o of_o they_o single_o or_o apart_o but_o all_o together_o since_o from_o all_o of_o they_o conjoin_v he_o may_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o evince_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o most_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o man_n will_v necessary_o fail_v of_o their_o happiness_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o the_o adequate_a or_o proper_a exercise_n of_o their_o rational_a faculty_n unless_o they_o will_v exercise_v they_o in_o cultivate_v this_o amity_n or_o love_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n to_o which_o end_v they_o be_v before_o all_o other_o animal_n particular_o adapt_v but_o from_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o action_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n we_o have_v also_o further_o show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o this_o sanction_n by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v most_o common_o connect_v with_o such_o action_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n god_n as_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v to_o be_v love_v and_o honour_v by_o such_o action_n or_o endeavour_n as_o that_o the_o good_n and_o fortune_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o be_v thereby_o secure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n and_o all_o thing_n profitable_a for_o particular_a person_n procure_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o this_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o allow_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v suppose_v more_o worthy_a a_o rational_a creature_n and_o from_o whence_o great_a effect_n can_v proceed_v than_o a_o will_v always_o propeuse_n towards_o the_o good_a of_o this_o whole_a body_n govern_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o right_a understanding_n therefore_o since_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v foreknow_v that_o such_o effect_n will_v follow_v from_o this_o endeavour_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o the_o joy_n and_o present_a comfort_n of_o true_a piety_n be_v therein_o contain_v together_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n beside_o those_o many_o conveniency_n of_o peace_n and_o commerce_n with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n and_o all_o those_o emolument_n both_o of_o civil_a and_o domestic_a government_n and_o private_a friendship_n which_o be_v connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n as_o the_o common_a reward_n thereof_o and_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n within_o our_o power_n be_v otherwise_o obtain_v so_o that_o he_o who_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v also_o reject_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o felicity_n and_o embrace_v those_o of_o his_o misery_n as_o a_o punishment_n due_a to_o his_o folly_n in_o short_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o the_o high_a happiness_n which_o we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o self_n proceed_v from_o our_o care_n both_o of_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o love_n and_o peace_n with_o men._n and_o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o can_v only_o be_v find_v in_o his_o soul_n who_o true_o study_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o great_a reward_n that_o any_o one_o can_v acquire_v be_v necessary_o connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n
§_o 12._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v that_o together_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n of_o which_o ourselves_o make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n there_o be_v likewise_o convey_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n a_o certain_a knowledge_n 1._o of_o divers_a natural_a outward_a good_n 2._o and_o those_o not_o only_o peculiar_a to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o common_a to_o all_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n 3._o of_o which_o good_n some_o be_v great_a than_o other_o and_o that_o good_a which_o have_v none_o that_o we_o know_v excel_v it_o we_o may_v call_v the_o great_a or_o high_a 4._o also_o of_o those_o some_o be_v common_o in_o our_o power_n other_o we_o understand_v to_o exceed_v the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o our_o humane_a force_n but_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v by_o two_o several_a way_n discover_v to_o we_o either_o more_o confuse_o by_o common_a experience_n and_o daily_a observation_n or_o else_o more_o distinct_o from_o experimental_a philosophy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n the_o former_a of_o these_o method_n be_v easy_a and_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o i_o shall_v rather_o make_v use_n of_o that_o whereas_o the_o other_o will_v be_v only_o proper_a for_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n since_o the_o ground_n or_o principle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n aught_o to_o be_v alike_o evident_a to_o the_o illiterate_a as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o learned_a for_o all_o be_v under_o the_o like_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o such_o vulgar_a and_o easy_a observation_n which_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v dispute_v or_o deny_v and_o such_o as_o from_o which_o i_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o knowledge_n and_o coherence_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v evident_o be_v deduce_v §_o 13._o our_o first_o natural_a observation_n therefore_o be_v that_o by_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o food_n clothe_v house_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o by_o that_o help_n or_o assistance_n which_o one_o or_o more_o person_n can_v afford_v each_o other_o man_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o live_v as_o happy_o and_o content_o for_o several_a year_n as_o their_o frail_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o these_o effect_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a but_o necessary_a to_o our_o nature_n be_v natural_o good_a as_o tend_v to_o their_o preservation_n or_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n man_n affection_n from_o whence_o these_o outward_a thing_n and_o act_n do_v proceed_v and_o which_o produce_v all_o these_o good_a effect_n be_v conceive_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a will_n or_o benevolence_n which_o must_v be_v also_o good_a since_o whatever_o goodness_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v be_v likewise_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o we_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o by_o this_o benevolence_n we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o help_v ourselves_o or_o some_o few_o person_n but_o many_o other_o as_o well_o by_o our_o advice_n as_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o industry_n especial_o when_o we_o see_v divers_a other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n who_o be_v able_a and_o seem_v also_o willing_a to_o requite_v we_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o each_o of_o we_o in_o particular_a may_v be_v provide_v with_o a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n by_o our_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n all_o which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v want_v to_o we_o but_o we_o shall_v be_v expose_v to_o innumerable_a mischief_n and_o hazard_n as_o also_o to_o a_o great_a want_n even_o of_o necessary_n if_o all_o person_n look_v only_o to_o themselves_o shall_v always_o show_v themselves_o ill-natured_a malevolent_a and_o enemy_n towards_o other_o rational_a being_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n be_v thus_o helpful_a and_o necessary_a to_o so_o many_o other_o may_v easy_o and_o natural_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n a_o notion_n of_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o from_o the_o obvious_a similitude_n of_o rational_a being_n to_o each_o other_o must_v equal_o respect_v all_o those_o which_o we_o have_v opportunity_n or_o occasion_n of_o know_v or_o converse_v with_o as_o also_o those_o with_o who_o we_o have_v not_o §_o 14._o and_o i_o may_v add_v far_o from_o constant_a experience_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o assistance_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n because_o their_o nature_n and_o consequent_o what_o be_v good_a or_o destructive_a to_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o ourselves_o than_o of_o other_o creature_n for_o as_o our_o nature_n be_v capable_a of_o more_o and_o great_a good_n than_o they_o and_o in_o the_o attain_n of_o which_o we_o can_v better_o assist_v each_o other_o so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o great_a danger_n and_o calamity_n for_o the_o decline_a and_o remove_v of_o which_o god_n have_v appoint_v our_o mutual_a benevolence_n express_v by_o our_o endeavour_n and_o assistance_n of_o each_o other_o as_o the_o most_o suitable_a and_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 15._o and_o we_o may_v also_o observe_v that_o by_o our_o advice_n and_o counsel_n communicate_v by_o apt_a sign_n or_o word_n we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v many_o help_n and_o conveniency_n of_o life_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n of_o which_o other_o animal_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a either_o of_o act_v or_o receive_v and_o far_o because_o of_o the_o similitude_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n with_o ourselves_o we_o can_v but_o think_v it_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n to_o do_v or_o to_o procure_v the_o like_a thing_n for_o they_o as_o for_o ourselves_o and_o can_v also_o be_v sensible_a of_o great_a motive_n to_o benefit_n man_n than_o other_o creature_n since_o we_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o those_o we_o have_v thus_o do_v good_a to_o or_o oblige_v be_v move_v by_o our_o benefit_n will_v make_v we_o a_o suitable_a return_n whenever_o it_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n and_o that_o they_o may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o in_o the_o like_a or_o some_o other_o way_n oblige_v we_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o common_a experience_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o large_a possession_n nor_o any_o sure_a defence_n for_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a piety_n towards_o god_n the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o the_o most_o diffusive_a love_n and_o sincere_a benevolence_n of_o all_o person_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o if_o they_o prove_v malevolent_a or_o ill-natured_a they_o may_v easy_o bereave_v we_o of_o all_o thing_n we_o enjoy_v together_o with_o our_o life_n itself_o nor_o can_v the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o other_o be_v obtain_v by_o any_o more_o certain_a or_o powerful_a mean_n than_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v show_v himself_o so_o affect_v in_o his_o action_n towards_o other_o as_o he_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v towards_o himself_o that_o be_v love_v and_o benevolent_a upon_o all_o occasion_n though_o more_o particular_o to_o those_o to_o who_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o friendship_n or_o relation_n §_o 16._o last_o of_o all_o the_o same_o experience_n that_o demonstrate_v the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o particular_a person_n to_o be_v the_o most_o powerful_a cause_n of_o their_o felicity_n do_v as_o necessary_o teach_v we_o from_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o any_o great_a number_n of_o man_n towards_o any_o the_o like_a number_n have_v alike_o proportionable_a effect_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o constant_a malice_n or_o ill-will_a of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o express_v by_o suitable_a action_n will_v soon_o bring_v destruction_n to_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n since_o it_o will_v soon_o destroy_v all_o the_o cause_n requisite_a to_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a and_o introduce_v a_o perpetual_a enmity_n and_o war_n which_o be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a misery_n and_o calamity_n which_o can_v befall_v mankind_n all_o which_o though_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o own_o the_o necessity_n of_o man_n mutual_a love_n and_o concord_n to_o be_v also_o as_o necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n but_o why_o the_o cause_n of_o man_n preservation_n and_o happiness_n as_o be_v prior_n in_o nature_n shall_v not_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o those_o of_o their_o destruction_n since_o the_o one_o be_v altogether_o as_o evident_a and_o necessary_a and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o foresee_v and_o prevent_v as_o the_o other_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v
be_v not_o needful_a for_o themselves_o §_o 10._o the_o next_o observation_n we_o make_v be_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o the_o imagination_n and_o memory_n in_o animal_n when_o they_o be_v take_v up_o and_o employ_v about_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o since_o from_o the_o impression_n make_v on_o their_o organ_n of_o sense_n they_o can_v but_o perceive_v that_o such_o creature_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o themselves_o such_o notion_n must_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o nature_n move_v they_o to_o somewhat_o a_o like_a affection_n towards_o they_o as_o towards_o themselves_o but_o i_o shall_v here_o avoid_v all_o controversy_n concern_v the_o knowledge_n of_o brute_n or_o which_o way_n their_o affection_n be_v move_v by_o their_o imagination_n and_o shall_v only_o suppose_v that_o their_o imagination_n excite_v their_o passion_n and_o that_o these_o passion_n do_v likewise_o often_o produce_v the_o like_a motion_n or_o inclination_n in_o their_o fellow_n animal_n from_o whence_o i_o collect_v that_o this_o similitude_n of_o nature_n do_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o procure_n of_o benevolence_n or_o concord_n among_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o unaccountable_a antipathy_n or_o dissimilitude_n of_o disposition_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o excite_v enmity_n or_o discord_n between_o they_o which_o yet_o not_o often_o happen_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o animal_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o right_a sense_n and_o be_v mindful_a of_o themselves_o can_v forget_v other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n since_o under_o the_o same_o idea_n by_o which_o they_o conceive_v their_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o necessity_n thereof_o they_o can_v but_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o that_o of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o themselves_o and_o must_v also_o be_v sensible_a that_o such_o animal_n be_v urge_v by_o the_o like_a appetite_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n as_o themselves_o be_v thereby_o move_v to_o seek_v food_n when_o hungry_a or_o thirsty_a and_o can_v but_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o it_o be_v high_o grateful_a to_o they_o when_o the_o use_n of_o these_o necessary_n be_v leave_v free_a and_o undisturbed_a or_o else_o be_v administer_v to_o they_o by_o other_o or_o that_o they_o be_v any_o way_n assist_v by_o they_o in_o the_o obtain_v they_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o idea_n of_o this_o sort_n do_v constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o animal_n as_o also_o produce_v perpetual_a motion_n to_o love_n or_o goodwill_n arise_v necessary_o from_o this_o similitude_n of_o nature_n it_o also_o follow_v that_o they_o never_o so_o far_o deviate_v from_o their_o natural_a state_n as_o when_o through_o madness_n or_o any_o other_o violent_a appetite_n or_o passion_n they_o act_n contrary_a to_o these_o first_o and_o most_o natural_a dictate_v as_o all_o man_n grant_v it_o to_o be_v a_o preternatural_a disease_n in_o a_o dog_n when_o seize_v with_o madness_n he_o bite_v all_o other_o dog_n he_o meet_v with_o or_o when_o a_o sow_n through_o a_o deprave_a appetite_n eat_v she_o own_o pig_n nor_o indeed_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o inordinate_a passion_n which_o disturb_v the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o a_o animal_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o do_v extravagant_a action_n and_o hurtful_a to_o its_o own_o species_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n such_o as_o anger_n and_o vehement_a envy_n often_o time_n produce_v may_v not_o be_v just_o esteem_v as_o preternatural_a distemper_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o brain_n very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o mad_a dog_n for_o there_o often_o appear_v in_o those_o that_o be_v transport_v with_o these_o passion_n all_o the_o symptom_n of_o those_o disease_n that_o proceed_v from_o a_o overflow_n of_o choler_n or_o a_o violent_a effervescence_n of_o the_o blood_n such_o as_o a_o icterial_a blackness_n of_o the_o face_n paralytic_a tremble_n and_o other_o sign_n well_o enough_o know_v to_o physician_n nor_o be_v a_o immoderate_a needless_a fear_n of_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n to_o be_v less_o reckon_v among_o such_o disease_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o preternatural_a or_o beside_o their_o constitution_n when_o in_o health_n but_o do_v likewise_o as_o well_o as_o other_o disease_n destroy_v the_o body_n by_o drive_v they_o into_o a_o immoderate_a sadness_n unseasonable_a solitude_n and_o watch_n with_o other_o symptom_n of_o predominant_a melancholy_n whence_o a_o untimely_a death_n be_v often_o accelerate_a neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o mean_a or_o end_v put_v to_o this_o unreasonable_a fear_n when_o once_o the_o mind_n be_v touch_v and_o infect_v with_o a_o false_a imagination_n that_o all_o other_o man_n design_v to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v they_o which_o madness_n be_v very_o like_a that_o of_o those_o who_o be_v bite_v by_o a_o mad_a dog_n be_v afraid_a of_o water_n and_o all_o liquid_n though_o they_o can_v live_v without_o they_o of_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o famous_a example_n in_o the_o french_a chronicle_n of_o king_n charles_n vi._n prince_n who_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o violent_a apprehension_n that_o all_o his_o servant_n be_v bribe_v by_o his_o son_n the_o dauphin_n to_o poison_v he_o do_v quite_o abstain_v from_o all_o food_n till_o at_o last_o he_o die_v as_o true_o of_o hunger_n as_o fear_n §_o 12._o and_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v it_o that_o man_n as_o well_o as_o other_o sociable_a animal_n do_v more_o or_o less_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o each_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o those_o sign_n of_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n which_o they_o express_v when_o they_o meet_v after_o any_o long_a absence_n but_o since_o it_o be_v as_o plain_a that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o association_n and_o agreement_n proceed_v from_o the_o intrinseck_n nature_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o by_o which_o the_o blood_n spirit_n and_o nerve_n be_v continue_v and_o preserve_v in_o a_o due_a and_o healthy_a state_n it_o as_o evident_o follow_v that_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o each_o of_o they_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o a_o propension_n at_o least_o to_o a_o friendly_a association_n with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n so_o that_o though_o they_o sometime_o quarrel_v about_o the_o same_o meat_n or_o female_a yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o way_n cross_v or_o contradict_v this_o great_a end_n of_o nature_n of_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n but_o be_v rather_o in_o order_n to_o it_o viz._n when_o the_o desire_n of_o food_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n or_o lust_n to_o propagate_v their_o species_n prompt_v they_o to_o fight_v and_o sometime_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o the_o time_n of_o which_o contention_n be_v yet_o but_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n in_o which_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o that_o all_o animal_n be_v determine_v by_o nature_n to_o prosecute_v and_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o own_o species_n by_o the_o same_o cause_n that_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o each_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a appear_v from_o the_o great_a love_n and_o kindness_n which_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o of_o different_a sex_n express_v towards_o each_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o perform_v the_o act_n of_o generation_n so_o high_o grateful_a and_o please_a to_o each_o other_o and_o thereby_o propagate_v their_o offspring_n which_o when_o bring_v forth_o they_o love_v and_o defend_v as_o part_v of_o themselves_o unless_o some_o unusual_a distemper_n intervene_v which_o may_v sometime_o disturb_v or_o change_v these_o natural_a propension_n as_o when_o sow_n or_o rabbit_n eat_v or_o destroy_v their_o young_a one_o which_o happen_v but_o seldom_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v account_v among_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o distemper_n of_o the_o appetite_n than_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o their_o natural_a state_n or_o constitution_n and_o do_v no_o more_o contradict_v this_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n than_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n do_v oppose_v that_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o constant_a descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v for_o all_o that_o affirm_v that_o the_o procreation_n of_o their_o young_a and_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o natural_a affection_n they_o have_v for_o they_o and_o desire_v of_o breed_v they_o up_o till_o they_o be_v able_a to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o separate_v for_o preservation_n be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o creature_n still_o continue_v so_o that_o the_o same_o natural_a cause_n excite_v animal_n to_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o but_o
that_o of_o all_o other_o though_o such_o case_n be_v indefinite_a can_v be_v certain_o or_o distinct_o know_v §_o 8._o but_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o a_o few_o man_n happiness_n be_v render_v useless_a for_o the_o present_a nor_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o the_o future_a if_o it_o be_v seek_v by_o oppose_v or_o postpone_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_n because_o the_o mind_n be_v thus_o affect_v a_o main_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o its_o own_o felicity_n must_v needs_o still_o be_v want_v viz._n that_o inward_a peace_n of_o conscience_n proceed_v from_o a_o solid_a reason_n and_o true_a prudence_n always_o constant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o itself_o for_o whilst_o such_o a_o person_n resolve_v to_o act_v by_o one_o rule_n towards_o himself_o and_o by_o another_o towards_o all_o other_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o therefore_o need_v and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o himself_o he_o must_v needs_o contradict_v his_o own_o reason_n and_o so_o want_v that_o true_a joy_n and_o satisfaction_n constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o just_a benevolent_a and_o good-natured_a person_n from_o the_o sense_n of_o another_o good_a and_o happiness_n when_o promote_v or_o procure_v by_o himself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v true_o happy_a who_o not_o only_o neglect_v the_o necessary_a cause_n thereof_o god_n and_o all_o other_o man_n on_o who_o help_n and_o assistance_n his_o true_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a whole_o depend_v but_o also_o provoke_v they_o to_o his_o certain_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a way_n which_o can_v bring_v any_o man_n to_o the_o attain_v his_o own_o particular_a happiness_n but_o that_o which_o lead_v he_o also_o to_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o §_o 9_o but_o i_o here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v universal_a benevolence_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n for_o the_o due_a order_v our_o action_n and_o correct_v our_o manner_n until_o we_o have_v first_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n viz._n our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o as_o our_o main_a end_n and_o that_o we_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o various_a act_n contain_v under_o this_o general_a love_n or_o benevolence_n be_v the_o only_a true_a mean_n to_o procure_v it_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v make_v manifest_a to_o we_o in_o the_o next_o all_o those_o other_o proposition_n that_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o thence_o such_o as_o be_v those_o less_o general_a one_o which_o determine_v concern_v the_o natural_a power_n of_o fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o filial_a affection_n as_o also_o of_o all_o other_o particular_a virtue_n necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_v any_o part_n of_o this_o humane_a felicity_n for_o as_o well_o the_o whole_a truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o all_o those_o which_o follow_v from_o thence_o depend_v upon_o the_o natural_a and_o necessary_a power_n of_o such_o action_n as_o real_a cause_n produce_v such_o effect_n §_o 10._o and_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o detract_v from_o their_o certainty_n that_o they_o depend_v upon_o such_o a_o uncertain_a cause_n as_o man_n will._n yet_o however_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o whenever_o such_o voluntary_a cause_n shall_v exert_v themselves_o such_o effect_n will_v certain_o be_v produce_v thus_o in_o arithmetic_n we_o free_o add_v and_o subtract_v that_o be_v we_o can_v choose_v whether_o we_o will_v perform_v those_o operation_n or_o not_o but_o if_o we_o reckon_v true_o we_o shall_v always_o find_v the_o total_a equal_a to_o all_o the_o particular_n either_o add_v or_o subtract_v and_o there_o be_v a_o like_a certain_a and_o true_a connexion_n between_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n which_o can_v be_v know_v in_o any_o other_o science_n and_o this_o i_o have_v likewise_o imitate_v in_o this_o treatise_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n by_o reduce_v all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o this_o one_o head_n or_o sum_n viz._n love_n or_o benevolence_n which_o idea_n i_o shall_v improve_v by_o inquire_v into_o its_o several_a kind_n and_o show_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a action_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a end_n seek_v for_o by_o we_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o our_o voluntary_a action_n alone_o can_v be_v govern_v by_o reason_n and_o those_o only_o which_o concern_v intelligent_a agent_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o moral_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o from_o none_o of_o all_o these_o action_n we_o can_v frame_v a_o high_a or_o more_o comprehensive_a idea_n than_o this_o of_o universal_a benevolence_n which_o comprehend_v the_o willing_a and_o endeavour_v of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o removal_n or_o hinder_v of_o all_o evil_a one_o from_o those_o object_n about_o which_o it_o be_v conversant_a and_o this_o benevolence_n extend_v its_o self_n to_o all_o moral_a action_n as_o well_o those_o of_o consider_v and_o compare_v divers_a good_n with_o each_o other_o as_o of_o inquire_v into_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v produce_v nor_o be_v it_o more_o certain_o true_a that_o the_o addition_n of_o several_a number_n make_v a_o sum_n total_a than_o that_o this_o benevolence_n produce_v a_o general_a good_a effect_n to_o all_o those_o towards_o who_o we_o exert_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o piety_n fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o conjugal_a affection_n together_o with_o filial_a duty_n make_v up_o the_o chief_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o benevolence_n as_o that_o addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n be_v several_a part_n of_o arithmetic_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o material_a objection_n that_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v prejudice_v or_o lessen_v by_o the_o wickedness_n or_o ill-nature_n of_o men._n so_o that_o the_o great_a end_n or_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v thereby_o general_o obtain_v as_o it_o ought_v any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o certainty_n or_o usefulness_n of_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n that_o some_o man_n shall_v through_o lazyness_n and_o inadvertency_n altogether_o neglect_v their_o rule_n or_o make_v false_a conclusion_n from_o those_o science_n or_o shall_v through_o ignorance_n or_o prejudice_n deny_v their_o certainty_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v in_o the_o science_n of_o morality_n as_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o employ_v in_o weigh_v and_o take_v a_o true_a account_n of_o those_o humane_a power_n that_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o since_o they_o may_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o possible_a case_n he_o may_v be_v say_v and_o that_o deserve_o to_o have_v well_o perform_v this_o task_n who_o first_o affirm_v in_o general_n that_o all_o those_o power_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o most_o general_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n though_o he_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o more_o particular_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o just_a division_n of_o thing_n fidelity_n gratitude_n and_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o it_o and_o also_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o become_v useful_a to_o this_o end_n by_o which_o mean_v religion_n and_o humane_a society_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v render_v man_n life_n happy_a and_o safe_a will_v be_v certain_o improve_v and_o advance_v and_o herein_o consist_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o most_o useful_a problem_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n procure_v by_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n which_o moral_a philosophy_n teach_v we_o to_o search_v after_o nor_o be_v the_o truth_n or_o authority_n of_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o prejudice_v or_o diminish_v though_o very_o many_o person_n will_v not_o obey_v they_o or_o will_v set_v themselves_o to_o oppose_v they_o since_o this_o only_a can_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o they_o will_v thereby_o lose_v their_o own_o happiness_n and_o perhaps_o may_v draw_v other_o by_o their_o false_a reason_n into_o the_o same_o misery_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o that_o man_n will_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o act_n that_o constitute_v this_o benevolence_n if_o they_o be_v but_o once_o convince_v that_o so_o great_a and_o noble_a a_o end_n as_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o their_o own_o happiness_n be_v likewise_o contain_v will_v be_v certain_o procure_v thereby_o and_o can_v be_v have_v by_o any_o other_o or_o contrary_a mean_n
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
the_o like_a goodwill_n from_o they_o than_o by_o do_v they_o the_o same_o good_a office_n as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n which_o we_o desire_v they_o shall_v do_v for_o we_o and_o that_o this_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n man_n be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o life_n viz._n peace_n and_o concord_n not_o only_o among_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o between_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o nation_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n consist_v so_o that_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a and_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v that_o of_o peace_n love_n or_o mutual_a benevolence_n and_o which_o indeed_o will_v require_v no_o other_o reward_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o itself_o be_v man_n a_o creature_n always_o govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o his_o own_o true_a good_a reward_v and_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v for_o man_n as_o too_o often_o govern_v by_o their_o passion_n and_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o perfection_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n yet_o since_o it_o please_v god_n to_o create_v man_n a_o mix_a creature_n consist_v of_o a_o body_n and_o a_o soul_n and_o be_v too_o often_o draw_v aside_o by_o passion_n not_o direct_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o reward_n to_o keep_v he_o to_o his_o duty_n thence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o his_o deal_n with_o man_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o give_v he_o certain_a natural_a law_n or_o rule_n whereby_o to_o govern_v his_o action_n with_o certain_a penalty_n and_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o law_n may_v be_v very_o well_o contract_v into_o one_o single_a proposition_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o by_o the_o observation_n already_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o god_n will_n or_o command_n that_o all_o reasonable_a person_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v create_v and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o consist_v their_o own_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o in_o its_o neglect_n or_o violation_n their_o great_a misery_n §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o this_o summary_n description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o come_v from_o its_o first_o cause_n god_n i_o shall_v now_o explain_v the_o term_n therein_o contain_v to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o exception_n 1_o by_o will_n and_o command_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v any_o command_n by_o word_n that_o be_v the_o method_n of_o god_n reveal_v and_o not_o natural_a will_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v here_o only_o understand_v that_o will_n or_o command_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o divine_a nature_n our_o own_o and_o that_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n consist_v not_o in_o word_n but_o in_o idea_n that_o be_v true_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o a_o law_n or_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o subject_n without_o some_o set_a form_n of_o speech_n may_v appear_v by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a who_o we_o often_o find_v to_o have_v notion_n of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o be_v not_o convey_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o word_n or_o write_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n may_v be_v discover_v by_o any_o other_o sit_v mean_n or_o sign_n especial_o when_o as_o in_o this_o law_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o there_o be_v such_o certain_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o their_o observation_n or_o transgression_n as_o may_v make_v it_o their_o interest_n rather_o to_o observe_v than_o transgress_v they_o which_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a in_o man_n but_o brute_n since_o we_o see_v that_o by_o certain_a sign_n imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o fit_a reward_n and_o correction_n elephant_n horse_n dog_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v susceptible_a of_o humane_a command_n and_o as_o far_o as_o their_o nature_n permit_v be_v governable_a by_o law_n of_o our_o prescribe_v for_o we_o can_v show_v they_o by_o such_o sign_n what_o action_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o and_o certain_o god_n have_v not_o leave_v we_o less_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o his_o will_n in_o reference_n to_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o from_o that_o knowledge_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o his_o existence_n as_o also_o of_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o i_o shall_v far_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n by_o rational_a person_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o though_o of_o never_o so_o mean_a a_o capacity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v such_o easy_a and_o natural_a observation_n and_o conclusion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o child_n under_o the_o year_n of_o discretion_n idiot_n and_o mad-folk_n be_v still_o to_o be_v except_v from_o this_o law_n who_o not_o have_v the_o actual_a use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v not_o able_a to_o draw_v those_o observation_n and_o consequence_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o be_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o right_a understanding_n thereof_o by_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v all_o such_o voluntary_a action_n which_o person_n of_o sound_a mind_n can_v know_o and_o deliberate_o perform_v towards_o the_o good_a of_o other_o without_o destroy_v or_o hurt_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n which_o endeavour_n though_o by_o many_o unforeseen_a accident_n in_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n they_o may_v be_v often_o frustrate_v and_o so_o fail_v of_o their_o intend_a design_n yet_o when_o we_o have_v do_v the_o utmost_a we_o be_v able_a we_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v our_o duty_n since_o no_o law_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o perform_v by_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o understand_v the_o collective_a happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o that_o of_o all_o the_o individual_a person_n of_o mankind_n exist_v together_o with_o we_o as_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a good_a and_o happiness_n be_v include_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o endeavour_v the_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o voluntary_a agent_n unless_o each_o particular_a person_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v so_o to_o do_v have_v first_o a_o right_a to_o preserve_v and_o make_v himself_o happy_a joint_o with_o other_o in_o his_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n by_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o good_n whether_o of_o body_n or_o mind_n by_o which_o man_n may_v be_v render_v true_o happy_a and_o content_v in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v but_o in_o which_o whenever_o the_o former_a stand_n in_o competition_n with_o the_o latter_a the_o good_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o be_v the_o good_a of_o our_o better_a or_o eternal_a part_n before_o that_o of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v less_o valuable_a and_o temporal_a but_o i_o need_v add_v nothing_o here_o to_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n we_o may_v be_v say_v to_o procure_v or_o endeavour_v his_o good_a and_o happiness_n since_o i_o have_v speak_v so_o large_o of_o that_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n and_o as_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a i_o have_v say_v so_o much_o concern_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o the_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h_n six_o principle_n that_o by_o nature_n nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v it_o here_o i_o shall_v now_o prove_v that_o this_o proposition_n contain_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v true_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o we_o by_o what_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v of_o his_o divine_a nature_n or_o can_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o that_o all_o the_o moral_a duty_n we_o owe_v either_o to_o god_n ourselves_o or_o other_o be_v contain_v in_o or_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o proposition_n §_o 3._o 1._o that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n will_n and_o intend_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o service_n and_o in_o the_o next_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a person_n
within_o that_o law_n but_o in_o humane_a law_n because_o they_o may_v enjoin_v something_o amiss_o there_o a_o right_n be_v often_o leave_v to_o we_o to_o choose_v rather_o to_o bear_v the_o penalty_n than_o to_o obey_v they_o because_o we_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o case_n they_o command_v any_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o divine_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 8._o for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v premise_v somewhat_o to_o explain_v this_o word_n obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n thus_o define_v obligatio_fw-la est_fw-la vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la astringitur_fw-la debitum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la that_o be_v a_o obligation_n be_v that_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n or_o due_a which_o definition_n do_v well_o include_v all_o sort_n of_o obligation_n if_o by_o the_o word_n ius_n or_o law_n we_o understand_v that_o law_n who_o obligation_n we_o propose_v to_o define_v so_o that_o by_o vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o this_o definition_n we_o understand_v that_o bond_n or_o tie_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v this_o natural_a debt_n i._n e._n to_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o god_n his_o creator_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o rational_a nature_n or_o else_o to_o undergo_v those_o punishment_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o his_o disobedience_n or_o neglect_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a tie_n or_o obligation_n in_o all_o law_n the_o one_o active_a in_o the_o debt_n or_o duty_n the_o other_o passive_a in_o a_o patient_a submission_n to_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o any_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o omission_n thereof_o of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o but_o you_o be_v first_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o none_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v we_o so_o that_o this_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o that_o just_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o a_o superior_a power_n have_v over_o we_o and_o our_o action_n and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v subject_a to_o other_o we_o be_v so_o far_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o their_o lawful_a command_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o discharge_n of_o that_o debt_n or_o duty_n we_o owe_v they_o that_o be_v when_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n from_o the_o will_n or_o command_v of_o a_o supreme_a power_n or_o legislator_n to_o who_o when_o sufficient_o make_v know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n viz._n in_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o action_n to_o a_o rule_n such_o as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n so_o that_o all_o our_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o great_a creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o mankind_n have_v over_o we_o for_o i_o can_v understand_v a_o right_n especial_o of_o dominion_n to_o be_v invest_v or_o seat_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o something_o which_o may_v be_v call_v at_o least_o analogical_o a_o law_n 2._o that_o every_o dictate_v of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n concern_v matter_n fit_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n be_v such_o a_o law_n and_o so_o cicero_n the_o best_a master_n of_o language_n speak_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la 3._o that_o the_o eternal_a wisdom_n of_o god_n contain_v eminent_o or_o analogical_o in_o it_o all_o that_o we_o can_v know_v to_o be_v natural_a law_n 4._o but_o to_o know_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a law_n or_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n concern_v the_o fit_a mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n or_o great_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o rational_a creature_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o who_o be_v most_o able_a and_o willing_a to_o pursue_v and_o attain_v that_o great_a end_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v settle_v in_o god._n 5._o so_o that_o by_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n or_o of_o perform_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a end_n the_o sovereignty_n become_v his_o right_n and_o our_o knowledge_n that_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n be_v in_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o this_o right_n be_v immutable_o fix_v and_o vest_v in_o he_o 6._o although_o in_o the_o method_n of_o investigate_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o subsist_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o first_o law_n respect_v the_o end_n and_o this_o concern_v the_o mean_n come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o in_o our_o thought_n concern_v god_n we_o know_v that_o infinite_a wisdom_n comprehend_v all_o these_o dictate_v together_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o dictate_v or_o law_n settle_v universal_a dominion_n in_o god_n be_v coeternal_a with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v as_o early_o in_o his_o nature_n as_o the_o first_o natural_a law_n the_o obligation_n of_o which_o we_o be_v establish_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o here_o arise_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o moral_a obligation_n which_o be_v that_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o and_o a_o civil_a one_o or_o that_o by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o law_n in_o civil_a government_n the_o former_a be_v in_o respect_n to_o god_n immediate_a will_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n whereas_o all_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o civil_a magistrate_n parent_n and_o master_n etc._n etc._n be_v only_o in_o subordination_n to_o ggd_n will_n so_o declare_v unto_o we_o and_o who_o have_v ordain_v this_o obedience_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n and_o glory_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 10._o yet_o i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n it_o may_v well_o enough_o consist_v with_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o man_n will_n since_o all_o these_o consideration_n do_v still_o but_o excite_v not_o necessitate_v he_o to_o act_v one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o it_o be_v still_o leave_v in_o his_o power_n either_o to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a in_o obey_v this_o will_n of_o god_n or_o else_o to_o prefer_v a_o less_o present_a good_a before_o it_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o herein_o likewise_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animal_n good_a or_o evil_a and_o a_o moral_a one_o the_o former_a be_v those_o natural_a mean_n conduce_v to_o each_o man_n preservation_n or_o destruction_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a animal_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o their_o author_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o their_o rule_n the_o latter_a that_o be_v of_o all_o humane_a moral_a action_n or_o habit_n consider_v as_o agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ordain_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o make_v know_v to_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thus_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o as_o their_o observance_n or_o neglect_v bring_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n upon_o we_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o put_v god_n in_o all_o our_o description_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o author_n thereof_o for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o his_o existence_n in_o who_o divine_a intellect_n the_o idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v eternal_o establish_v and_o into_o who_o will_n so_o ordain_v they_o they_o be_v ultimate_o to_o be_v resolve_v mr._n h.'s_n or_o rather_o epicurus_n assertion_n will_v certain_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o it_o may_v here_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a omission_n of_o divers_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o not_o place_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n or_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o definition_n have_v be_v perhaps_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_a reason_n of_o that_o false_a assertion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o till_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o god_n will_n or_o command_v all_o man_n shall_v
necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n sect._n 4._o a_o more_o certain_a account_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o well_o natural_a as_o moral_a than_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v give_v we_o sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n notwithstanding_o all_o he_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a acknowledge_v a_o common_a good_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 6._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o natural_a and_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v the_o confound_a of_o these_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o mr._n h_n error_n in_o this_o matter_n sect._n 7._o mr._n h._n sometime_o blame_v this_o narrow_a humour_n in_o some_o man_n that_o desire_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o private_a advantage_n and_o likewise_o confess_v that_o that_o be_v a_o great_a good_a which_o benefit_n more_o person_n than_o what_o do_v good_a but_o to_o a_o few_o sect._n 8._o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a all_o rational_a and_o good_a man_n must_v acknowledge_v that_o to_o be_v good_a which_o tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o which_o likewise_o may_v any_o way_n contribute_v to_o effect_v it_o that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o make_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n the_o end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n all_o our_o notion_n about_o moral_a as_o well_o as_o natural_a good_a will_v be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a sect._n 9_o the_o head_n of_o the_o seven_o principle_n that_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o state_n of_o war._n that_o all_o mr._n h_n precedent_n principle_n tend_v only_o to_o prove_v this_o darling_n one_o if_o therefore_o those_o be_v well_o answer_v this_o principle_n must_v fall_v his_o new_a reason_n in_o his_o leviathan_n propose_v he_o deduce_v this_o state_n of_o war_n from_o three_o cause_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n one_a competition_n two_o diffidence_n 3_o glory_n each_o of_o which_o do_v in_o their_o turn_n make_v man_n fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n a_o state_n of_o war_n not_o only_o that_o of_o actual_a fight_n but_o all_o that_o time_n wherein_o man_n inclination_n to_o it_o may_v be_v certain_o know_v illustrate_v by_o a_o simile_n of_o rainy_a wether_n sect._n 1_o answer_v to_o this_o argument_n it_o be_v first_o observe_v that_o mr._n h._n differ_v in_o his_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o state_n of_o war_n differ_v in_o his_o leviathan_n from_o that_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z since_o he_o here_o only_o suppose_v such_o a_o war_n to_o be_v lawful_a without_o any_o other_o proof_n sect._n 2._o 2_o d._n observation_n that_o this_o author_n in_o his_o argument_n here_o propose_v do_v still_o take_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n only_o from_o his_o passion_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o reason_n or_o experience_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o have_v before_o lay_v down_o when_o he_o make_v experience_n any_o of_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o these_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o uninevitable_o hurry_v man_n into_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 3_o that_o none_o of_o these_o person_n if_o govern_v by_o reason_n aught_o to_o incite_v man_n to_o war_n and_o that_o reason_n can_v never_o persuade_v man_n to_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n out_o of_o competition_n sect._n 4._o that_o diffidence_n of_o other_o can_v never_o if_o due_o consider_v be_v any_o motive_n to_o make_v war_n with_o all_o man_n since_o such_o a_o war_n be_v not_o only_o destructive_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o also_o impracticable_a sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n appeal_n to_o experience_n of_o what_o man_n do_v for_o their_o own_o security_n answer_v as_o also_o his_o simile_n from_o the_o wether_n sect._n 6_o he_o himself_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v never_o actual_o throughout_o the_o world_n such_o a_o state_n of_o war_n as_o he_o describe_v his_o instance_n from_o the_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n make_v rather_o against_o than_o for_o he_o prove_v by_o authority_n of_o traveller_n sect._n 7._o his_o instance_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o sovereign_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o no_o force_n sect._n 8._o answer_v to_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o passion_n of_o glory_n which_o do_v not_o inevitable_o hurry_v man_n to_o war_n since_o it_o be_v more_o often_o master_v by_o other_o great_a passion_n as_o fear_v of_o death_n desire_v of_o thing_n necessary_a etc._n etc._n observation_n that_o the_o same_o passion_n which_o excite_v man_n to_o war_n do_v also_o with_o he_o at_o other_o time_n persuade_v they_o to_o peace_n and_o that_o those_o passion_n be_v real_o the_o more_o strong_a that_o do_v so_o sect_n 9_o mr._n h_n argument_n from_o certain_a peculiarity_n in_o humane_a nature_n why_o man_n can_v live_v as_o sociable_o with_o each_o other_o as_o brute_n the_o one_a competition_n for_o honour_n etc._n etc._n answer_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o this_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 10._o his_o second_o reason_n answer_v that_o the_o common_a good_a among_o brute_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o private_a as_o it_o do_v among_o men._n sect_n 11._o answer_v to_o his_o 3d._a instance_n that_o creature_n not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n do_v not_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o argument_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o commonwealth_n be_v institute_v etc._n etc._n sect._n 12._o answer_v to_o his_o four_o reason_n that_o brute_n have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n and_o so_o cannót_v make_v good_a seem_v evil_a and_o evil_a good_a man_n not_o in_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o brute_n by_o reason_n of_o speech_n but_o rather_o in_o a_o better_a sect._n 13._o answer_v to_o his_o 5_o reason_n that_o brute_n do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o injury_n and_o damage_n whereas_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o man_n sect._n 14._o answer_v to_o his_o last_o reason_n that_o the_o agreement_n of_o brute_n be_v natural_a but_o in_o man_n artificial_a sect._n 15._o so_o much_o grant_v mr._n h._n that_o man_n be_v torment_v with_o divers_a passion_n which_o beast_n be_v not_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n man_n be_v endue_v with_o other_o passion_n which_o move_v they_o more_o strong_o to_o concord_n sect._n 16._o a_o far_a consideration_n of_o the_o absurdity_n and_o inconsistency_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n sect._n 17._o the_o head_n of_o the_o eight_o principle_n that_o mutual_a compact_n of_o fidelity_n be_v void_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o so_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o where_o covenant_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o mutual_a trust_n of_o future_a performance_n either_o party_n may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v perform_v or_o not_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a that_o the_o other_o will_v perform_v his_o part_n also_o and_o of_o this_o he_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n but_o that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n where_o there_o be_v a_o common_a power_n to_o compel_v either_o of_o they_o that_o refuse_v sect._n 1_o the_o reason_n apparent_a why_o he_o suppose_v civil_a sovereign_n always_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 2._o upon_o these_o principle_n it_o be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a for_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o make_v any_o league_n or_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o each_o other_o this_o notion_n give_v they_o also_o a_o right_n of_o put_v to_o death_n or_o make_v slave_n of_o ambassador_n and_o all_o other_o that_o come_v into_o their_o dominion_n sect._n 3_o that_o upon_o this_o principle_n of_o mr._n h_n if_o compact_n do_v not_o bind_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v of_o any_o force_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n if_o either_o all_o or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o contractor_n shall_v have_v all_o at_o once_o a_o mind_n to_o break_v they_o upon_o pretence_n that_o either_o other_o do_v not_o perform_v their_o part_n or_o that_o they_o fear_v they_o will_v not_o do_v it_o sect._n 4._o mr._n h._n far_o exceed_v his_o master_n epicurus_n in_o this_o evil_a principle_n sect._n 5._o the_o head_n of_o the_o nine_o principle_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o true_o a_o law_n unless_o as_o it_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o that_o though_o they_o be_v dictate_v of_o reason_n yet_o that_o for_o want_n of_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o sufficient_a security_n for_o those_o that_o shall_v observe_v they_o they_o be_v not_o law_n but_o as_o deliver_v in_o scripture_n sect._n 1_o that_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o
for_o any_o man_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v educate_v or_o maintain_v he_o or_o otherwise_o high_o oblige_v he_o since_o the_o same_o law_n of_o gratitude_n that_o make_v it_o injurious_a to_o hurt_v or_o murder_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n do_v also_o command_v the_o like_a duty_n towards_o any_o other_o benefactor_n §_o 4._o but_o his_o argument_n in_o his_o leviathan_n be_v much_o more_o false_a and_o precarious_a when_o he_o argue_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n all_o which_o he_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n for_o first_o though_o i_o grant_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n that_o be_v no_o legislator_n there_o be_v no_o law_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o true_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o if_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n as_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n they_o be_v true_o law_n before_o any_o civil_a power_n be_v institute_v to_o make_v law_n or_o to_o see_v they_o observe_v and_o consequent_o that_o it_o be_v the_o high_a injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o other_o be_v innocent_a and_o do_v we_o no_o hurt_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o life_n or_o preservation_n which_o they_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v no_o natural_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o right_a reason_n be_v from_o whence_o all_o justice_n be_v deduce_v and_o which_o a_o man_n be_v always_o bind_v to_o exercise_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o become_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n of_o humane_a society_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v a_o civil_a one_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a equity_n as_o this_o author_n acknowledge_v de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 14._o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o natural_a justice_n and_o injustice_n too_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o next_o principle_n principle_n vi._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v nothing_o good_a or_o evil._n §_o 1._o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o mr._n h_n opinion_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 6._o whatsoever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o any_o man_n appetite_n or_o desire_v that_o be_v it_o which_o he_o for_o his_o part_n call_v good_a and_o the_o object_n of_o his_o hate_n and_o aversion_n evil_a and_o of_o his_o contempt_n vile_a and_o inconsiderable_a for_o these_o word_n of_o good_a evil_a and_o contemptible_a be_v ever_o use_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n that_o use_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o simple_o and_o absolute_o so_o nor_o any_o common_a rule_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v it_o or_o from_o a_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n who_o man_n by_o disagree_v shall_v by_o consent_n set_v up_o and_o make_v his_o sentence_n the_o rule_n thereof_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o all_o his_o other_o work_n as_o in_o de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 4._o §_o 17._o in_o his_o de_fw-fr homine_fw-la cap._n 11._o which_o it_o be_v tedious_a here_o to_o repeat_v and_o therefore_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o place_n i_o have_v here_o cite_v §_o 2._o but_o this_o he_o endeavour_v physical_o to_o explain_v in_o his_o little_a treatise_n of_o humane_a nature_n cap._n 7._o §_o 1._o compare_v with_o chap._n 3._o where_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o motion_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o conception_n of_o thing_n without_o any_o intervention_n of_o the_o judgement_n pass_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o heart_n and_o as_o it_o there_o hinder_v or_o help_v its_o vital_a motion_n it_o be_v say_v to_o please_v or_o displease_v but_o that_o which_o so_o please_v any_o one_o he_o call_v good_a and_o that_o which_o displease_v he_o evil_a and_o hence_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o constitution_n or_o temperament_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o good_a that_o be_v natural_o and_o necessary_o so_o and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n unblamable_o from_o his_o opinion_n that_o judge_v it_o §_o 3._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h._n have_v write_v more_o loose_o and_o unlike_o a_o philosopher_n than_o these_o unstable_a opinion_n both_o of_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o have_v a_o fix_a and_o constant_a notion_n of_o good_a because_o as_o long_o as_o this_o be_v fluctuate_a and_o uncertain_a all_o knowledge_n of_o our_o true_a felicity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a good_a of_o every_o man_n as_o also_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a virtue_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o mean_n and_o cause_n of_o obtain_v this_o good_a will_v be_v likewise_o various_a wander_a and_o uncertain_a §_o 4._o therefore_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o because_o of_o some_o peculiarity_n in_o the_o divers_a temperament_n of_o man_n it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o one_o sort_n of_o diet_n or_o medicine_n may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o one_o which_o may_v not_o prove_v so_o to_o another_o yea_o which_o experience_n have_v approve_v not_o only_o to_o be_v innocent_a but_o wholesome_a for_o other_o something_o like_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o genius_n and_o manner_n of_o nation_n quite_o different_a from_o other_o in_o some_o particular_a custom_n and_o constitution_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o more_o take_v away_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o good_a and_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o degree_n than_o the_o small_a difference_n of_o man_n face_n take_v away_o the_o agreement_n between_o they_o in_o their_o common_a nature_n as_o man_n or_o that_o general_a likeness_n that_o be_v between_o they_o in_o the_o conformation_n and_o use_n of_o their_o principal_a part_n for_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbauros_fw-la which_o will_v not_o own_o that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o love_v and_o obey_v god_n than_o in_o blaspheme_v and_o disobey_v of_o he_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o filial_a duty_n towards_o parent_n gratitude_n to_o their_o benefactor_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n fidelity_n in_o their_o promise_n and_o agreement_n be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o welfare_n and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n no_o difference_n of_o temper_n make_v any_o man_n in_o his_o sense_n not_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v good_a for_o all_o man_n that_o the_o life_n liberty_n estate_n and_o member_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n shall_v be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o that_o the_o kill_n or_o rob_v of_o they_o shall_v be_v everywhere_o prohibit_v under_o the_o most_o severe_a penalty_n or_o last_o what_o peculiar_a humour_n in_o man_n can_v make_v they_o not_o think_v it_o good_a and_o beneficial_a for_o particular_a family_n and_o nation_n that_o the_o conjugal_a fidelity_n of_o the_o marriagebed_n the_o chastity_n shall_v be_v preserve_v inviolated_a the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o right_a of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o those_o outward_a thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n or_o conduce_v to_o our_o health_n fame_n honour_n the_o education_n of_o our_o child_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o friendship_n since_o in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o these_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o most_o civil_a law_n be_v take_v up_o all_o rational_a man_n do_v as_o equal_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n as_o concern_v the_o whiteness_n of_o snow_n or_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o i_o do_v not_o lay_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o their_o obligation_n to_o these_o action_n on_o this_o general_a agreement_n since_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o contrary_a principle_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o true_a and_o settle_a notion_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a both_o natural_a and_o moral_a i_o therefore_o define_v good_a in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o which_o preserve_v increase_v or_o perfect_v the_o faculty_n and_o power_n of_o one_o or_o more_o thing_n for_o by_o these_o effect_n that_o peculiar_a agreeableness_n of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o declare_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v true_o call_v good_a for_o
all_o these_o difficulty_n a_o much_o easy_a way_n only_o by_o suppose_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o men._n but_o i_o must_v indeed_o confess_v myself_o not_o yet_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o be_v able_a thus_o easy_o to_o attain_v to_o so_o great_a a_o perfection_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o this_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n and_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o either_o safe_a or_o convenient_a to_o lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o natural_a religion_n and_o morality_n upon_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o have_v be_v explode_v by_o all_o philosopher_n except_o themselves_o and_o which_o can_v never_o alone_o serve_v to_o convince_v those_o of_o epicurean_a principle_n for_o who_o we_o chief_o design_v this_o work_n but_o whosoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v what_o have_v be_v write_v against_o these_o innate_a idea_n by_o the_o inquisitive_a and_o sagacious_a lock_n author_n of_o the_o late_a essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n will_v find_v they_o very_o hard_o if_o not_o impossible_a to_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v ever_o be_v innate_a in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n before_o they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n therefore_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o absolute_o to_o deny_v the_o be_v or_o impossibility_n of_o such_o idea_n so_o i_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o any_o argument_n draw_v from_o thence_o in_o this_o discourse_n though_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o any_o reason_n or_o motive_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o promote_v true_a virtue_n and_o piety_n may_v prevail_v as_o far_o as_o they_o deserve_v with_o all_o sincere_a and_o honest_a men._n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o deter_v i_o from_o suppose_v any_o natural_a law_n innate_a in_o our_o mind_n have_v also_o make_v i_o not_o present_o suppose_v as_o many_o do_v without_o any_o due_a proof_n that_o such_o idea_n have_v exi_v in_o the_o divine_a intellect_n from_o all_o eternity_n and_o therefore_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o more_o proper_a and_o necessary_a to_o begin_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o know_v and_o familiar_a to_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o prove_v that_o certain_a proposition_n of_o immutable_a truth_n prescribe_v our_o care_n of_o the_o happiness_n or_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a agent_n consider_v together_o be_v necessary_o imprint_v upon_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o which_o the_o first_o cause_n perpetual_o determine_v so_o to_o act_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o in_o the_o term_n of_o these_o proposition_n be_v intrinsical_o include_v a_o evident_a declaration_n of_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n in_o the_o very_a intrinsic_a constitution_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v be_v also_o manifest_a that_o such_o practical_a proposition_n be_v true_o and_o proper_o law_n as_o be_v declare_v and_o establish_v by_o due_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n but_o after_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o law_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o they_o be_v the_o high_a perfection_n or_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o our_o rational_a nature_n it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o a_o perfection_n analogous_fw-la to_o this_o knowledge_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o these_o law_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o proceed_v not_o only_o our_o own_o natural_a perfection_n but_o also_o the_o most_o wise_a ordination_n of_o all_o effect_n without_o we_o for_o the_o common_a conservation_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a natural_a system_n or_o universe_n which_o our_o eye_n daily_o behold_v for_o that_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o i_o among_o the_o thing_n most_o certain_o prove_v that_o it_o must_v be_v first_o know_v what_o justice_n be_v and_o what_o those_o law_n enjoin_v in_o who_o observation_n all_o justice_n consist_v before_o we_o can_v distinct_o know_v that_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o god_n and_o that_o his_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o as_o a_o pattern_n or_o example_n for_o we_o to_o imitate_v since_o we_o do_v not_o know_v god_n by_o a_o immediate_a intuition_n of_o his_o essence_n or_o perfection_n but_o only_o from_o the_o outward_a effect_n of_o his_o providence_n first_o know_v by_o our_o sense_n and_o experience_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o affix_v attribute_n to_o he_o which_o we_o can_v sufficient_o understand_v or_o make_v out_o from_o thing_n without_o we_o have_v now_o show_v you_o in_o general_a the_o difference_n between_o our_o method_n and_o that_o which_o other_o have_v hitherto_o follow_v it_o be_v fit_a we_o here_o declare_v in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o we_o can_v the_o chief_a head_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o this_o treatise_n suppose_v therefore_o those_o natural_a principle_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o motion_n and_o rest_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o naturalist_n especial_o such_o as_o depend_v upon_o mathematical_a principle_n since_o we_o have_v only_o here_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o to_o deduce_v they_o from_o some_o suppose_a knowledge_n of_o nature_n and_o as_o they_o refer_v to_o our_o moral_a practice_n i_o have_v here_o therefore_o suppose_v all_o the_o effect_n of_o corporeal_a motion_n which_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a and_o perform_v without_o any_o intervention_n of_o humane_a liberty_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o two_o which_o mr._n h._n himself_o likewise_o in_o his_o leviathan_n admit_v that_o from_o the_o consideration_n and_o inquisition_n into_o these_o cause_n and_o from_o the_o power_n and_o operation_n of_o natural_a body_n may_v be_v discover_v the_o existence_n of_o one_o eternal_a infinite_a omnipotent_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n so_o that_o every_o motion_n impress_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o sense_n whereby_o the_o mind_n be_v carry_v on_o to_o apprehend_v thing_n without_o we_o and_o to_o give_v a_o right_a judgement_n upon_o they_o be_v a_o natural_a effect_n which_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o inferior_a cause_n owe_v its_o original_a to_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o god_n by_o these_o natural_a motion_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n delineate_v the_o idea_n or_o image_n of_o all_o natural_a and_o moral_a action_n on_o our_o mind_n and_o that_o the_o same_o god_n after_o he_o have_v thus_o make_v we_o draw_v various_a notion_n from_o the_o same_o object_n do_v then_o excite_v we_o to_o compare_v they_o with_o each_o other_o and_o then_o join_v they_o together_o and_o so_o determine_v we_o to_o form_v true_a proposition_n of_o the_o thing_n thus_o single_o receive_v and_o understand_v so_o that_o sometime_o a_o thing_n be_v expose_v whole_a and_o all_o at_o once_o to_o our_o view_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v more_o natural_o consider_v successive_o or_o according_a to_o its_o several_a part_n and_o the_o mind_n thereby_o perceive_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o awhole_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o several_a idea_n of_o the_o particular_a part_n put_v together_o and_o so_o be_v thence_o carry_v on_o to_o make_v a_o proposition_n of_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o all_o its_o part_n and_o can_v true_o affirm_v that_o the_o same_o cause_n which_o preserve_v the_o whole_a must_v also_o conserve_v all_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o then_o from_o a_o diligent_a contemplation_n of_o all_o these_o proposition_n which_o may_v just_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o the_o more_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n from_o who_o fit_a and_o just_a explication_n all_o the_o limit_n or_o exception_n under_o which_o the_o particular_a proposition_n be_v propose_v may_v be_v seek_v for_o and_o discover_v as_o from_o the_o evidence_n of_o that_o one_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o this_o or_o the_o like_a sense_n viz._n the_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n conduce_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o several_a part_n or_o member_n in_o which_o our_o own_o felicity_n be_v also_o contain_v as_o part_v thereof_o whereas_o the_o act_n opposite_a to_o this_o endeavour_n do_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o effect_n quite_o opposite_a thereunto_o and_o will_v certain_o procure_v our_o own_o ruin_n or_o misery_n at_o last_o therefore_o the_o whole_a sum_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o that_o which_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o
not_o but_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o render_v it_o so_o viz._n god_n consider_v as_o a_o legislator_n and_o his_o will_n or_o command_v sufficient_o declare_v to_o we_o as_o a_o law_n from_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o our_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o likewise_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o the_o next_o neither_o do_v we_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v more_o evident_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o that_o he_o be_v also_o the_o author_n of_o this_o proposition_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n and_o worship_n conjoin_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v we_o have_v be_v more_o exact_a and_o have_v dwell_v long_o upon_o the_o reward_n that_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n than_o upon_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o and_o though_o i_o know_v the_o civilian_n have_v rather_o place_v the_o sanction_n of_o civil_a law_n in_o punishment_n than_o reward_n yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v not_o offend_v though_o we_o a_o little_a deviate_v from_o their_o sense_n and_o make_v it_o part_n of_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o reward_n as_o well_o as_o punishment_n since_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n who_o footstep_n be_v strict_o to_o be_v follow_v to_o consider_v the_o positive_a idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o which_o do_v not_o receive_v either_o negation_n or_o privation_n by_o our_o outward_a sense_n and_o our_o affection_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o love_n or_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a or_o future_a good_a than_o by_o the_o fear_n or_o hatred_n of_o the_o contrary_a evil_n for_o as_o no_o man_n be_v say_v to_o love_n life_n health_n and_o those_o grateful_a motion_n of_o the_o nerve_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v call_v corporeal_a pleasure_n because_o he_o may_v avoid_v death_n sickness_n or_o pain_n but_o rather_o from_o their_o own_o intrinsic_a goodness_n or_o agreeableness_n with_o our_o humane_a nature_n so_o likewise_o no_o rational_a man_n desire_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o wit_n the_o more_o ample_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a object_n the_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o rational_a being_n can_v only_o give_v he_o and_o all_o this_o not_o only_o that_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o mischief_n of_o ignorance_n envy_n and_o malevolence_n but_o because_o of_o that_o great_a happiness_n which_o he_o find_v by_o experience_n to_o spring_v from_o such_o virtuous_a action_n and_o habit_n and_o which_o render_v it_o most_o ungrateful_a to_o we_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n also_o of_o such_o privation_n be_v judge_v high_o grievous_a and_o troublesome_a from_o whence_o it_o also_o appear_v that_o even_o civil_a law_n themselves_o when_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o punishment_n e._n g._n by_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n or_o loss_n of_o good_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n true_o do_v indeed_o force_v man_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o from_o the_o love_n of_o life_n or_o riches_n which_o they_o find_v can_v only_o be_v preserve_v by_o their_o observation_n so_o that_o the_o avoid_n of_o death_n and_o poverty_n be_v but_o in_o other_o word_n love_v of_o life_n and_o riches_n as_o he_o who_o by_o two_o negative_n will_v say_v he_o will_v not_o want_v life_n mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v it_o to_o which_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o civil_a law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o end_n which_o the_o lawmaker_n regard_v in_o make_v they_o as_o also_o which_o all_o good_a subject_n design_n in_o observe_v they_o to_o wit_n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n part_n of_o which_o be_v communicate_v to_o all_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a and_o so_o bring_v with_o it_o a_o natural_a reward_n of_o their_o obedience_n rather_o than_o from_o the_o punishment_n they_o threaten_v by_o who_o fear_n some_o only_o be_v deter_v from_o violate_v they_o and_o those_o of_o the_o worst_a and_o most_o wicked_a sort_n of_o men._n but_o though_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o precept_n or_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o sanction_n annex_v to_o they_o be_v brief_o contain_v in_o this_o proposition_n yet_o it_o be_v subject_a be_v still_o but_o a_o endeavour_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n this_o limitation_n of_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n imply_v that_o we_o do_v not_o think_v ourselves_o capable_a of_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o divine_a perfection_n which_o we_o willing_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v beyond_o our_o power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v at_o once_o express_v both_o our_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o good_a will_n to_o mankind_n who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o system_fw-la but_o the_o predicate_v of_o this_o proposition_n be_v that_o which_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o singular_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o our_o own_o happiness_n be_v contain_v as_o one_o part_n thereof_o since_o all_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v do_v for_o other_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o endeavour_n so_o that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o good_n of_o which_o also_o our_o own_o felicity_n consist_v can_v never_o be_v miss_v of_o either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o a_o better_a as_o the_o reward_n of_o our_o obedience_n thereunto_o so_o to_o the_o contrary_a action_n misery_n in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v be_v the_o punishment_n natural_o due_a but_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_a be_v both_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n and_o also_o a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o natural_a connexion_n between_o this_o obedience_n and_o the_o reward_n as_o also_o between_o the_o transgression_n and_o the_o punishment_n from_o whence_o the_o reader_n will_v easy_o observe_v the_o true_a reason_n for_o which_o this_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o other_o which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o do_v oblige_v all_o rational_a creature_n to_o know_v and_o understand_v it_o whilst_o other_o proposition_n suppose_v geometrical_a one_o though_o find_v out_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o be_v truth_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o yet_o do_v not_o oblige_v man_n to_o any_o act_n or_o practise_v pursuant_n to_o they_o but_o may_v be_v safe_o neglect_v by_o most_o man_n to_o who_o the_o science_n of_o geometry_n may_v not_o be_v necessary_a whereas_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v intimate_o concern_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o mankind_n upon_o who_o joint_n or_o concurrent_a will_n and_o endeavour_n every_o single_a man_n happiness_n do_v after_o some_o sort_n depend_v so_o that_o this_o endeavour_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v neglect_v without_o endanger_v the_o lose_v all_o those_o hope_n of_o happiness_n which_o god_n have_v make_v know_v to_o we_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o so_o have_v sufficient_o declare_v the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n with_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n from_o who_o authority_n as_o well_o this_o general_a proposition_n as_o all_o other_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o become_v law_n so_o that_o from_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o adequate_a and_o immediate_a effect_n of_o our_o thus_o act_v and_o concern_v which_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v be_v whatever_n be_v grateful_a to_o god_n and_o beneficial_a to_o man_n that_o be_v the_o natural_a good_a of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n nay_o further_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o good_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v or_o perform_v for_o they_o since_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o like_a good_a of_o any_o particular_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o same_o system_fw-la and_o far_o it_o be_v thereby_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o the_o felicity_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v derive_v from_o this_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o the_o nutrition_n of_o any_o one_o member_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o due_a distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o effect_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o best_a since_o it_o
and_o that_o the_o loss_n or_o deprivation_n of_o this_o felicity_n do_v necessary_o adhere_v as_o a_o punishment_n to_o the_o opposite_a action_n the_o former_a of_o these_o which_o declare_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o all_o that_o felicity_n which_o particular_a person_n can_v thereby_o obtain_v we_o have_v prove_v from_o natural_a effect_n find_v by_o experience_n the_o latter_a viz._n that_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o charity_n or_o benevolence_n towards_o all_o man_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o we_o have_v also_o prove_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n that_o all_o virtue_n both_o private_a and_o public_a be_v contain_v in_o this_o endeavour_n but_o because_o the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n which_o follow_v those_o act_n which_o be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a or_o opposite_a to_o it_o be_v something_o obscure_v by_o those_o evil_n which_o often_o befall_v good_a man_n and_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o too_o frequent_o happen_v to_o evil_a one_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o our_o purpose_n to_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o the_o connexion_n between_o they_o be_v so_o sufficient_o constant_a and_o manifest_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o from_o thence_o may_v be_v certain_o gather_v the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v the_o former_a and_o prohibit_v the_o latter_a action_n and_o we_o may_v suppose_v those_o punishment_n to_o suffice_v for_o its_o sanction_n which_o all_o thing_n right_o weigh_v much_o exceed_v the_o gain_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o any_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o this_o law_n but_o in_o compare_v of_o the_o effect_n which_o do_v follow_v good_a action_n on_o one_o hand_n and_o evil_a one_o on_o the_o other_o those_o good_a or_o evil_a thing_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v in_o to_o the_o account_n which_o either_o can_v be_v acquire_v or_o avoid_v by_o any_o humane_a prudence_n or_o industry_n such_o as_o be_v those_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a necessity_n of_o external_n cause_n may_v happen_v to_o any_o one_o by_o mere_a chance_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o fall_v out_o alike_o both_o to_o good_a and_o bad_a therefore_o we_o shall_v only_o take_v those_o into_o our_o account_n which_o may_v be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v by_o humane_a foresight_n as_o some_o way_n depend_v upon_o our_o own_o will_n or_o acts._n but_o i_o must_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o these_o effect_n do_v not_o all_o depend_v upon_o our_o own_o particular_a power_n but_o many_o of_o they_o do_v also_o proceed_v from_o the_o good_a will_n and_o endeavour_n of_o other_o rational_n yet_o since_o it_o may_v be_v know_v from_o their_o nature_n as_o they_o be_v be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o own_o that_o the_o common_a good_a be_v the_o best_a and_o great_a end_n which_o they_o can_v propose_v to_o themselves_o and_o that_o their_o natural_a reason_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v act_v for_o a_o end_n and_o rather_o for_o this_o than_o any_o other_o less_o good_a or_o less_o perfect_a and_o that_o it_o be_v moreover_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o such_o effect_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n obtain_v from_o other_o by_o our_o own_o benevolent_a action_n it_o be_v just_a that_o those_o effect_n shall_v be_v number_v or_o esteem_v among_o those_o consequence_n which_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o fall_v out_o because_o every_o man_n be_v esteem_v able_a to_o do_v whatever_o he_o can_v perform_v or_o obtain_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a reward_n which_o be_v connect_v to_o good_a action_n by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o thing_n be_v somewhat_o like_o those_o tribute_n of_o which_o the_o public_a revenue_n consist_v which_o do_v not_o only_o arise_v out_o of_o constant_a rent_n but_o also_o out_o of_o divers_a contingent_a payment_n such_o as_o custom_n or_o excise_n upon_o commodity_n who_o value_n although_o it_o be_v very_o great_a yet_o be_v not_o always_o certain_a though_o they_o be_v often_o farm_a out_o at_o a_o certain_a rate_n therefore_o in_o the_o reckon_n up_o of_o these_o reward_n not_o only_o those_o part_n thereof_o aught_o to_o come_v into_o account_n which_o immutable_o adhere_v to_o good_a action_n such_o as_o be_v that_o happiness_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o love_n of_o god_n and_o good_a man_n the_o absolute_a government_n of_o our_o passion_n the_o sweet_a harmony_n and_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o our_o action_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o our_o life_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n proceed_v from_o all_o these_o but_o there_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v take_v into_o the_o account_n all_o those_o good_n which_o do_v though_o contingent_o adhere_v to_o they_o and_o which_o may_v either_o happen_v to_o we_o from_o the_o good_a will_n of_o other_o or_o flow_v from_o that_o concord_n and_o society_n which_o be_v either_o maintain_v between_o divers_a nation_n or_o those_o of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n and_o which_o we_o do_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a procure_v for_o ourselves_o by_o such_o benevolent_a action_n and_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n we_o may_v also_o understand_v of_o what_o particular_n all_o that_o misery_n or_o those_o punishment_n may_v consist_v which_o be_v connect_v with_o those_o act_n that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o common_a good_n so_o that_o all_o of_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o condition_n in_o which_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o live_v to_o esteem_v contingent_a good_n and_o to_o be_v draw_v to_o act_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o they_o for_o the_o air_n itself_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o our_o subsistence_n and_o preservation_n do_v not_o always_o benefit_v our_o blood_n or_o spirit_n but_o be_v sometime_o infect_v with_o deadly_a steam_n and_o vapour_n nor_o can_v our_o meat_n drink_v or_o exercise_n always_o preserve_v our_o life_n but_o do_v often_o generate_v disease_n and_o agriculture_n itself_o do_v not_o always_o pay_v the_o husband-man_n toil_n with_o the_o expect_a gain_n but_o sometime_o he_o even_o lose_v by_o it_o and_o sure_o we_o be_v not_o less_o natural_o draw_v to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a than_o we_o be_v to_o such_o natural_a action_n from_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o good_a that_o may_v but_o probable_o proceed_v from_o they_o but_o how_o just_o we_o may_v hope_v for_o a_o considerable_a return_n from_o all_o other_o joint_o consider_v for_o all_o our_o labour_n bestow_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o best_a account_n of_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o our_o own_o experience_n and_o the_o history_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o the_o time_n past_a may_v teach_v we_o to_o have_v befall_v those_o who_o have_v either_o regard_v or_o despise_v this_o great_a end_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a endeavour_n of_o this_o common_a good_a contain_v no_o more_o but_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o deity_n the_o care_n of_o fidelity_n peace_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o nation_n and_o the_o institute_n and_o maintain_v government_n both_o civil_a and_o domestic_a as_o also_o particular_a friendship_n as_o the_o part_n thereof_o take_v together_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o endeavour_v thereof_o express_v by_o a_o mutual_a love_n and_o assistance_n must_v in_o some_o degree_n be_v find_v among_o all_o nation_n as_o necessary_a to_o their_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n nay_o it_o seem_v far_o manifest_v to_o i_o that_o those_o who_o attain_v but_o to_o the_o age_n of_o manhood_n do_v owe_v all_o those_o past_a year_n much_o more_o to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o other_o bestow_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a than_o to_o their_o own_o care_n which_o in_o their_o tender_a age_n be_v almost_o none_o at_o all_o for_o we_o then_o do_v altogether_o depend_v upon_o and_o owe_v our_o preservation_n to_o that_o obedience_n which_o other_o yield_v as_o well_o to_o oeconomical_a precept_n as_o to_o all_o law_n both_o civil_a and_o religious_a which_o do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o this_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_n whereas_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o afterward_o we_o expose_v our_o life_n to_o danger_n yea_o if_o we_o lose_v they_o for_o the_o public_a good_a we_o shall_v lose_v far_o less_o for_o its_o sake_n than_o we_o do_v before_o receive_v from_o it_o for_o we_o do_v then_o only_o lose_v the_o uncertain_a hope_n of_o future_a enjoyment_n whereas_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o scarce_o so_o much_o as_o the_o hope_n of_o they_o can_v remain_v to_o particular_a person_n where_o the_o common_a good_a be_v destroy_v for_o we_o have_v thence_o receive_v the_o real_a possession_n of_o all_o those_o contentment_n of_o life_n with_o which_o we_o be_v blessed_v and_o therefore_o we_o be_v bind_v in_o
or_o felicity_n of_o the_o people_n and_o sure_o this_o can_v have_v no_o foundation_n but_o as_o the_o felicity_n of_o any_o particular_a people_n or_o nation_n be_v contain_v in_o general_a or_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o our_o faculty_n be_v not_o fit_v to_o pierce_v into_o the_o internal_a fabric_n and_o real_a essence_n of_o body_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o place_n he_o also_o grant_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o a_o divine_a providence_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o lead_v we_o into_o a_o full_a and_o clear_a discovery_n of_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o as_o be_v the_o great_a concernment_n of_o our_o life_n and_o that_o it_o become_v we_o as_o rational_a creature_n to_o employ_v our_o faculty_n about_o what_o they_o be_v most_o adapt_v to_o and_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o nature_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o point_v we_o out_o the_o way_n so_o that_o it_o be_v high_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o our_o proper_a employment_n lie_v in_o moral_a rather_o than_o natural_a truth_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o author_n have_v in_o his_o four_o book_n and_o three_o chapter_n pag._n 274._o this_o passage_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o supreme_a be_v infinite_a in_o power_n and_o wisdom_n who_o workmanship_n we_o be_v and_o on_o who_o we_o depend_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o ourselves_o as_o understanding_n rational_a creature_n be_v such_o as_o be_v clear_a to_o we_o these_o will_v i_o suppose_v if_o due_o consider_v and_o pursue_v afford_v such_o foundation_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o rule_n of_o action_n as_o may_v place_v morality_n among_o the_o science_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o from_o principle_n as_o incontestable_a as_o those_o of_o the_o mathematics_n by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o measure_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n may_v be_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v apply_v himself_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n and_o attention_n to_o the_o one_o as_o he_o do_v to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o science_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n he_o say_v p._n 325._o this_o give_v i_o the_o confidence_n to_o advance_v that_o conjecture_n which_o i_o suggest_v chap._n 3._o viz._n that_o morality_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o mathematics_n for_o the_o idea_n that_o ethic_n be_v conversant_a about_o be_v all_o real_a essence_n and_o such_o as_o i_o imagine_v have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n and_o agreement_n one_o with_o another_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v their_o habitude_n and_o relation_n so_o far_o we_o shall_v be_v possess_v of_o certain_a real_a and_o general_a truth_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o right_a method_n be_v take_v a_o great_a part_n of_o morality_n may_v be_v make_v out_o with_o that_o clearness_n that_o can_v leave_v to_o a_o consider_v man_n no_o more_o reason_n to_o doubt_v than_o he_o can_v have_v to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n in_o mathematics_n which_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o and_o i_o be_o confident_a our_o author_n have_v find_v out_o this_o only_a right_a method_n and_o make_v use_v of_o the_o fit_a demonstration_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o natural_a law_n so_o that_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o have_v as_o full_o demonstrate_v it_o to_o be_v so_o as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v we_o so_o many_o mathematical_a demonstration_n of_o it_o but_o since_o as_o in_o the_o mathematics_n there_o be_v require_v certain_a principle_n or_o postulatum_n which_o must_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v before_o its_o professor_n be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o so_o we_o shall_v reduce_v all_o we_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a into_o six_o plain_a postulata_fw-la the_o three_o first_o of_o which_o have_v be_v already_o make_v out_o by_o other_o both_o in_o latin_a and_o english_a i_o shall_v wave_v the_o proof_n of_o they_o and_o shall_v confine_v myself_o whole_o to_o the_o three_o last_o the_o proposition_n be_v these_o 1._o that_o there_o be_v one_o infinite_a most_o powerful_a intelligent_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n who_o be_v the_o author_n and_o creator_n of_o the_o universe_n or_o world_n 2._o that_o god_n as_o he_o have_v create_v so_o he_o likewise_o govern_v and_o preserve_v this_o world_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o spirit_n by_o certain_a corporeal_a motion_n and_o dictate_v of_o reason_n by_o which_o spirit_n act_n as_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o his_o providence_n 3._o that_o god_n thereby_o maintain_v and_o preserve_v all_o his_o creature_n and_o far_a design_n the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v sensible_a as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v admit_v and_o that_o power_n which_o god_n have_v give_v to_o mankind_n over_o they_o 4._o that_o of_o all_o animate_v or_o sensible_a creature_n god_n have_v make_v man_n alone_o to_o be_v conscious_a of_o his_o own_o existence_n and_o also_o that_o it_o be_v more_o particular_o his_o duty_n to_o act_v as_o his_o subservient_fw-fr instrument_n not_o only_o for_o his_o own_o private_a good_a and_o happiness_n but_o also_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n 5._o that_o this_o knowledge_n of_o god_n will_n as_o our_o duty_n be_v plain_o discover_v to_o we_o from_o the_o be_v and_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o he_o have_v make_v necessary_a for_o our_o use_n and_o preservation_n 6._o that_o these_o dictate_v or_o conclusion_n of_o right_a reason_n all_o tend_v to_o one_o great_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v contain_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v or_o right_o order_v of_o our_o action_n to_o this_o end_n constitute_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v to_o the_o bookseller_n the_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o treatise_n send_v it_o to_o i_o then_o be_v in_o a_o private_a station_n above_o a_o year_n ago_o but_o then_o conceal_v his_o name_n from_o i_o either_o through_o his_o great_a modesty_n or_o because_o in_o his_o prudence_n he_o think_v that_o if_o i_o know_v he_o i_o may_v be_v bias_v in_o my_o judgement_n by_o the_o honour_n which_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o have_v to_o his_o family_n and_o especial_o to_o his_o grandfather_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n the_o most_o learned_a primate_n of_o ireland_n wherefore_o i_o read_v the_o book_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o unknown_a writer_n and_o consider_v only_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o performance_n thus_o i_o find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o only_o well_o translate_v and_o epitomise_v in_o some_o place_n what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a but_o have_v full_o digest_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o my_o design_n in_o a_o well_o choose_a method_n of_o his_o own_o with_o great_a perspicuity_n and_o have_v add_v some_o illustration_n of_o his_o own_o or_o from_o other_o learned_a author_n with_o a_o philosophical_a liberty_n which_o i_o must_v needs_o allow_v for_o this_o reason_n i_o judge_v that_o the_o then_o unknown_a author_n have_v give_v too_o low_a a_o title_n to_o his_o book_n and_o that_o i_o be_v to_o esteem_v he_o a_o good_a hyperaspistes_n or_o able_a second_n in_o this_o combat_n for_o truth_n and_o justice_n rather_o than_o a_o translater_n or_o epitomiser_n of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v this_o oblige_a i_o to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o author_n name_n and_o quality_n and_o then_o i_o soon_o obtain_v the_o favour_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o more_o intimate_a conversation_n with_o he_o hereby_o i_o soon_o find_v that_o i_o may_v safe_o leave_v the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o good_a cause_n in_o which_o i_o be_v engage_v to_o his_o great_a ability_n and_o diligence_n and_o i_o hope_v that_o since_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n have_v conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o search_n into_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o many_o of_o our_o young_a gentry_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o way_n which_o this_o his_o treatise_n make_v plain_a before_o they_o for_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v receive_v assistance_n not_o
only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o the_o preface_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v only_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o a_o state_n of_o the_o question_n between_o we_o and_o the_o epicurean_o and_o sceptic_n §_o 2._o the_o method_n propose_v in_o what_o manner_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o prove_v certain_a general_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n §_o 3._o the_o soul_n suppose_v to_o be_v rafa_o tabula_fw-la without_o any_o innate_a idea_n our_o method_n propose_v of_o consider_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n and_o humane_a action_n as_o subordinate_a cause_n and_o effect_n either_o hinder_v or_o promote_a our_o common_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n §_o 4._o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o so_o many_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o our_o observation_n or_o knowledge_n of_o it_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n of_o the_o high_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o benevolence_n §_o 5._o what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v or_o suppose_v in_o order_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n §_o 6._o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n prove_v and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o thence_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o single_a person_n inseparable_a from_o that_o of_o mankind_n the_o general_a cause_n of_o its_o happiness_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n §_o 7._o therefore_o no_o man_n particular_a happiness_n can_v be_v oppose_v or_o prefer_v before_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n the_o contrary_a practice_n unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a §_o 8._o yet_o that_o this_o proposition_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n till_o we_o have_v propose_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n for_o the_o great_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 9_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o prejudice_v by_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o man_n free-will_n §_o 10_o 11._o by_o what_o step_n and_o degree_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 12._o first_o natural_a observation_n that_o in_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o outward_a necessary_n of_o life_n and_o in_o our_o mutual_a administer_a they_o to_o each_o other_o consist_v all_o man_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n from_o whence_o also_o proceed_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 13._o that_o man_n be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n §_o 14._o nothing_o a_o sure_a help_n and_o defence_n to_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 15._o nor_o any_o thing_n more_o destructive_a to_o it_o than_o their_o constant_a malice_n and_o ill-will_a §_o 16._o that_o these_o principle_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o any_o in_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n notwithstanding_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n §_o 17._o yet_o that_o they_o be_v only_a law_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o as_o establish_v with_o fit_a reward_n and_o punishment_n §_o 18._o that_o from_o these_o natural_a and_o general_a observation_n we_o attain_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o man_n happiness_n and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n these_o cause_n act_n as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o §_o 19,20_o hence_o arise_v a_o true_a notion_n of_o thing_n natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a or_o evil_n §_o 21._o that_o man_n natural_a power_n and_o the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n can_v neither_o be_v exert_v nor_o make_v use_n of_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a rule_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n §_o 22._o some_o conclusion_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o that_o we_o chief_o concern_v ourselves_o about_o those_o thing_n and_o action_n that_o be_v in_o our_o power_n §_o 23._o no_o man_n self-sufficient_a to_o procure_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o therefore_o need_v the_o goodwill_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 24._o none_o of_o these_o necessary_n for_o life_n can_v produce_v the_o end_n design_v but_o as_o they_o be_v appropriate_v to_o man_n particular_a use_n and_o necessity_n for_o the_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o §_o 25._o from_o whence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n or_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v exercise_v even_o during_o a_o natural_a community_n of_o most_o thing_n §_o 26._o that_o as_o this_o natural_a division_n and_o propriety_n in_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o particular_a person_n so_o it_o be_v also_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n §_o 27._o that_o these_o principle_n destroy_v mr._n h_n hypothesis_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o far_a division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n now_o mankind_n be_v multiply_v on_o the_o earth_n §_o 29._o no_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n any_o far_a than_o as_o it_o conduce_v or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 30._o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n alike_o certain_a in_o a_o natural_a as_o civil_a state_n with_o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o argument_n insist_v on_o in_o this_o chapter_n §_o 31._o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n man_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o natural_a body_n as_o a_o animal_n and_o also_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n some_o observation_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o consideration_n as_o that_o humane_a body_n and_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n with_o other_o thing_n §_o 1_o 2._o no_o action_n or_o motion_n more_o conducive_a to_o man_n happiness_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 3._o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a body_n do_v not_o make_v any_o considerable_a difference_n between_o they_o when_o consider_v as_o voluntary_a agent_n endue_v with_o sense_n but_o that_o they_o rather_o act_v more_o powerful_o thereby_o §_o 4._o man_n great_a security_n from_o evil_n and_o hope_n of_o obtain_v good_a depend_v upon_o the_o goodwill_n and_o voluntary_a assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 5._o several_a natural_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o these_o observation_n §_o 6._o the_o like_a be_v find_v true_a in_o animate_v as_o well_o as_o inanimate_a body_n will_v make_v we_o more_o solicitous_a towards_o the_o general_a good_a of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n §_o 7._o that_o love_v or_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v enjoy_v and_o also_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o concourse_n of_o cause_n that_o all_o rational_a being_n shall_v be_v sensible_a of_o these_o indication_n §_o 8._o this_o prove_v from_o several_a natural_a observation_n as_o 1._o that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o narrow_a the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n can_v be_v but_o few_o and_o most_o of_o they_o communicable_a to_o many_o at_o once_o and_o so_o require_v a_o limit_a self-love_n consistent_a with_o the_o safety_n and_o happiness_n of_o other_o §_o 9_o 2._o that_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v but_o be_v move_v to_o the_o like_a affection_n towards_o other_o as_o towards_o themselves_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o similitude_n of_o their_o nature_n §_o 10._o animal_n do_v never_o deviate_v from_o this_o natural_a state_n but_o when_o they_o be_v seize_v with_o some_o preternatural_a disease_n or_o passion_n which_o as_o oft_o as_o it_o happen_v be_v absolute_o destructive_a to_o
their_o nature_n §_o 11._o all_o creature_n express_v a_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n some_o case_n or_o interval_n wherein_o nature_n seem_v to_o act_v otherwise_o no_o contradiction_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n §_o 12._o all_o animal_n impel_v by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o part_n to_o a_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o to_o a_o natural_a affection_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 13._o all_o animal_n take_v delight_n in_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n joy_n desire_v etc._n etc._n as_o helpful_a to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a passion_n when_o inordinate_a be_v high_o destructive_a to_o it_o §_o 14._o mr._n h._n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n and_o therefore_o be_v force_v to_o suppose_v somewhat_o in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o more_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 15._o other_o peculiar_a observation_n relate_v to_o man_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a as_o first_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o brain_n in_o man_n than_o in_o brute_n §_o 16._o 2._o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n from_o whence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n and_o of_o a_o more_o constant_a and_o last_a love_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 17._o 3._o from_o the_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o man_n hand_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o this_o instrument_n be_v give_v we_o for_o some_o more_o noble_a use_n than_o bare_a self-preservation_n §_o 18._o last_o from_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o man_n body_n and_o way_n of_o motion_n §_o 19_o the_o next_o set_v of_o observation_n tend_v to_o prove_v man_n more_o fit_v for_o the_o promote_a of_o this_o common_a good_a be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a and_o peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n soul_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n and_o 1._o from_o that_o of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n and_o vice_n versa_fw-la especial_o in_o that_o of_o distinguish_v of_o real_a or_o natural_a from_o apparent_a good_n §_o 20._o what_o be_v understand_v by_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a or_o moral_a good_a or_o evil._n certain_a axiom_n for_o the_o plain_a understanding_n their_o nature_n and_o degree_n §_o 21._o how_o we_o arrive_v to_o a_o idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n and_o also_o to_o a_o notion_n of_o the_o general_a or_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 22._o speech_n and_o the_o invention_n of_o letter_n peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n nature_n §_o 23._o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n arise_v from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 24._o man_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v beast_n in_o their_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o also_o in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o number_n §_o 25._o as_o also_o in_o the_o power_n of_o understanding_n the_o different_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n between_o body_n which_o we_o call_v geometry_n §_o 26._o the_o two_o great_a remain_a prerogative_n of_o humane_a soul_n freedom_n of_o will_n as_o to_o moral_a action_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n §_o 27_o 28._o what_o knowledge_n we_o can_v have_v of_o his_o attribute_n which_o can_v never_o be_v true_o understand_v but_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o great_a end_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n §_o 29._o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n and_o a_o sum_n up_o all_o those_o observation_n into_o a_o general_a proposition_n of_o god_n willing_a and_o command_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 1._o a_o brief_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n of_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o law_n §_o 2._o that_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o duty_n as_o declare_v by_o god_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a certain_a principle_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o prove_v it_o §_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o that_o this_o be_v once_o discover_v to_o we_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o proposition_n as_o a_o natural_a law_n with_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o term_n obligation_n and_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o oblige_v we_o §_o 7_o 8_o 9_o yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n may_v well_o consist_v with_o the_o freedom_n of_o our_o will_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o mere_a animal_n and_o a_o rational_a or_o natural_a good_a the_o neglect_n of_o which_o distinction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o epicurus_n and_o mr._n h_n error_n §_o 10._o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o obligation_n to_o this_o law_n viz._n its_o sanction_n by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n certain_a axiom_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o of_o man_n true_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n with_o its_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o other_o being_n §_o 11._o that_o though_o all_o moral_a obligation_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o reward_n or_o punishment_n yet_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v insignificant_a without_o they_o with_o a_o scale_n of_o nature_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o vegetable_n and_o inanimate_a body_n and_o between_o man_n and_o brute_n §_o 12._o the_o strict_a sanction_n and_o consequent_o obligation_n to_o all_o law_n consist_v in_o reward_n and_o punishment_n due_o distribute_v god_n right_a of_o dominion_n not_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o his_o irresistible_a power_n §_o 13._o the_o internal_a reward_n ordain_v by_o god_n in_o nature_n be_v first_o the_o inward_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o also_o the_o pleasure_n all_o man_n take_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n etc._n etc._n §_o 14_o 15._o the_o external_a reward_n be_v all_o the_o like_a return_n of_o this_o benevolence_n from_o other_o with_o the_o praise_n or_o commendation_n of_o all_o good_a man_n together_o with_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n §_o 16_o 17._o last_o from_o god_n soundness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o all_o those_o outward_a blessing_n he_o usual_o bestow_v on_o the_o peaceable_a and_o virtuous_a with_o a_o solution_n to_o the_o difficulty_n why_o god_n often_o afflict_v good_a man_n §_o 18._o the_o internal_a punishment_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o absence_n or_o privation_n of_o the_o former_a good_a thing_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a and_o a_o punishment_n §_o 19_o error_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o passion_n a_o real_a evil_n and_o a_o internal_a punishment_n §_o 20._o 3._o that_o such_o evil_a action_n can_v but_o be_v often_o displease_v to_o the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o §_o 21._o 4._o that_o vice_n and_o crime_n seldom_o come_v alone_o but_o let_v in_o a_o train_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n or_o worse_o along_o with_o they_o §_o 22._o 5._o that_o such_o a_o offender_n can_v get_v out_o of_o this_o state_n when_o he_o will_v at_o least_o not_o without_o the_o trouble_n of_o repentance_n §_o 23._o 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n both_o from_o god_n and_o man_n §_o 24._o the_o external_a punishment_n be_v 1._o the_o evil_n that_fw-mi happen_v to_o the_o body_n from_o violent_a and_o unsociable_a passion_n §_o 25._o the_o second_o those_o return_n of_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n which_o all_o such_o man_n must_v expect_v from_o other_o §_o 26._o the_o 3d._n return_v of_o revenge_n from_o those_o they_o have_v injure_v §_o 27._o last_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v often_o inflict_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n all_o which_o natural_a punishment_n mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n §_o 28._o that_o where_o these_o punishment_n fail_v in_o this_o life_n they_o will_v be_v supply_v by_o other_o infinite_o more_o grievous_a and_o durable_a in_o that_o to_o come_v §_o 29._o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o this_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n be_v true_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n requisite_a thereunto_o §_o 30._o the_o content_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v his_o own_o life_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n that_o in_o all_o society_n the_o good_a of_o the_o lesser_a part_n must_v give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a §_o 1._o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o law_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o
the_o gospel_n of_o jesus_n christ_n reducible_a to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o great_a design_n of_o christ_n come_v into_o the_o world_n §_o 17_o 18._o a_o conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a §_o 19_o to_o the_o bookseller_n the_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o treatise_n send_v it_o to_o i_o then_o be_v in_o a_o private_a station_n above_o a_o year_n ago_o but_o then_o conceal_v his_o name_n from_o i_o either_o through_o his_o great_a modesty_n or_o because_o in_o his_o prudence_n he_o think_v that_o if_o i_o know_v he_o i_o may_v be_v bias_v in_o my_o judgement_n by_o the_o honour_n which_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o have_v to_o his_o family_n and_o especial_o to_o his_o grandfather_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n the_o most_o learned_a primate_n of_o ireland_n wherefore_o i_o read_v the_o book_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o unknown_a writer_n and_o consider_v only_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o performance_n thus_o i_o find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o only_o well_o translate_v and_o epitomise_v in_o some_o place_n what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a but_o have_v full_o digest_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o my_o design_n in_o a_o well-chosen_a method_n of_o his_o own_o with_o great_a perspicuity_n and_o have_v add_v some_o illustration_n of_o his_o own_o or_o from_o other_o learned_a author_n with_o a_o philosophical_a liberty_n which_o i_o must_v needs_o allow_v for_o this_o reason_n i_o judge_v that_o the_o then_o unknown_a author_n have_v give_v too_o low_a a_o title_n to_o his_o book_n and_o that_o i_o be_v to_o esteem_v he_o a_o good_a hyperaspistes_n or_o able_a second_n in_o this_o combat_n for_o truth_n and_o justice_n rather_o than_o a_o translater_n or_o epitomiser_n of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v this_o oblige_a i_o to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o author_n name_n and_o quality_n and_o then_o i_o soon_o obtain_v the_o favour_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o more_o intimate_a conversation_n with_o he_o hereby_o i_o soon_o find_v that_o i_o may_v safe_o leave_v the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o good_a cause_n in_o which_o i_o be_v engage_v to_o his_o great_a ability_n and_o diligence_n and_o i_o hope_v that_o since_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n have_v conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o search_n into_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o many_o of_o our_o young_a gentry_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o way_n which_o this_o his_o treatise_n make_v plain_a before_o they_o for_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v receive_v assistance_n not_o only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o its_o obligation_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o first_o mean_n of_o discover_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n viz._n the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n show_v you_o those_o several_a method_n by_o which_o divers_a author_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o have_v also_o give_v my_o reason_n though_o in_o short_a why_o i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o any_o of_o they_o as_o lay_v too_o weak_a foundation_n whereon_o to_o raise_v so_o great_a and_o weighty_a a_o building_n and_o have_v likewise_o give_v you_o the_o only_a true_a ground_n by_o which_o it_o can_v as_o i_o suppose_v be_v make_v out_o viz._n from_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n declare_v his_o will_n to_o we_o from_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o as_o also_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n or_o that_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n we_o by_o the_o power_n of_o our_o natural_a faculty_n or_o reason_n draw_v true_a conclusion_n from_o all_o these_o this_o be_v premise_v i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v particular_o to_o declare_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o i_o understand_v by_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v real_o and_o true_o a_o law_n oblige_v all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o sound_a mind_n to_o its_o observation_n which_o be_v perform_v i_o shall_v then_o proceed_v to_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o include_v in_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n §_o 2._o but_o though_o the_o ancient_a as_o well_o as_o modern_a sceptic_n and_o epicurean_o have_v of_o old_a and_o do_v still_o at_o this_o day_n deny_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o law_n of_o nature_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o i_o suppose_v that_o we_o be_v both_o sufficient_o agree_v what_o we_o understand_v by_o this_o term_n since_o we_o both_o thereby_o mean_v certain_a principle_n of_o immutable_a truth_n and_o certainty_n which_o direct_v our_o voluntary_a action_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o good_a and_o the_o avoid_n of_o evil_a thing_n and_o so_o lie_v a_o obligation_n as_o to_o our_o external_a action_n even_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o common-weal_n that_o such_o eternal_a truth_n be_v necessary_o and_o unavoidable_o present_v to_o and_o perceive_v by_o man_n mind_n and_o retain_v in_o their_o memory_n for_o the_o due_a order_n or_o govern_v of_o their_o action_n be_v what_o be_v here_o by_o we_o affirm_v and_o by_o they_o as_o confident_o deny_v and_o i_o far_o conceive_v that_o the_o action_n so_o direct_v and_o choose_v be_v first_o know_v to_o be_v natural_o good_a as_o productive_a of_o the_o great_a public_a benefit_n and_o afterward_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a because_o they_o agree_v with_o those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n which_o be_v here_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o law_n or_o rule_n of_o our_o manner_n or_o voluntary_a action_n so_o also_o the_o evil_a to_o be_v avoid_v be_v first_o the_o great_a natural_a evil_a which_o afterward_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n be_v call_v moral_a §_o 3._o therefore_o that_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o proposition_n may_v more_o plain_o appear_v and_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o all_o indifferent_a reader_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o first_o careful_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o divers_a thing_n without_o we_o as_o also_o that_o of_o mankind_n and_o what_o we_o mean_v by_o good_a and_o evil_a whether_o natural_a or_o moral_a last_o we_o shall_v show_v what_o those_o general_a proposition_n be_v which_o we_o affirm_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o force_n or_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n as_o declare_v their_o exercise_n or_o performance_n necessary_a to_o the_o compass_v of_o a_o end_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v endeavour_v or_o seek_v after_o in_o order_n to_o our_o true_a and_o great_a happiness_n §_o 4._o nor_o let_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o i_o suppose_v the_o nature_n of_o divers_a thing_n about_o which_o we_o be_v daily_o conversant_a ought_v first_o to_o be_v look_v into_o and_o consider_v for_o i_o will_v here_o suppose_v the_o soul_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o be_v at_o first_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la like_o fair_a paper_n that_o have_v no_o connate_a character_n or_o idea_n imprint_v upon_o it_o as_o that_o noble_a theorist_n mr._n 11._o lock_n have_v i_o suppose_v full_o prove_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o any_o thing_n at_o its_o come_n into_o the_o world_n but_o it_o be_v own_o existence_n and_o action_n but_o receive_v all_o its_o idea_n afterward_o from_o such_o object_n as_o it_o have_v receive_v in_o by_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o our_o understanding_n be_v natural_o destitute_a of_o all_o notion_n or_o idea_n we_o can_v comprehend_v how_o they_o can_v operate_v unless_o they_o be_v first_o excite_v by_o outward_a object_n and_o indeed_o how_o can_v we_o understand_v what_o may_v be_v helpful_a and_o agreeable_a or_o else_o hurtful_a and_o destructive_a to_o man_n mind_n and_o body_n unless_o we_o first_o consider_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a all_o the_o cause_n as_o well_o near_o as_o remote_a which_o have_v make_v constitute_v and_o still_o preserve_v mankind_n or_o else_o may_v tend_v to_o its_o destruction_n either_o for_o the_o time_n present_a or_o to_o come_v nor_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v understand_v what_o be_v the_o fit_a and_o best_a thing_n or_o action_n any_o person_n can_v perform_v in_o a_o
glad_a if_o any_o of_o mr._n h_n disciple_n can_v show_v we_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o that_o opinion_n §_o 17._o so_o that_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o natural_a mean_n of_o man_n happiness_n do_v appear_v so_o evident_a from_o our_o common_a reason_n and_o daily_a experience_n that_o they_o be_v of_o like_a certainty_n with_o the_o principle_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n in_o all_o who_o operation_n there_o be_v still_o suppose_v certain_a act_n depend_v upon_o our_o free_a humane_a faculty_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o these_o science_n be_v render_v the_o more_o uncertain_a from_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n whether_o they_o will_v draw_v line_n or_o cast_v up_o sum_n or_o not_o since_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o there_o be_v a_o inseparable_a connexion_n between_o such_o act_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o exert_v and_o all_o the_o effect_n seek_v for_o to_o the_o find_n of_o which_o both_o the_o pleasure_n annex_v to_o their_o contemplation_n and_o the_o various_a use_n of_o humane_a life_n do_v at_o once_o invite_v we_o and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n the_o truth_n of_o all_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v found_v in_o the_o immutable_a coherence_n between_o the_o high_a felicity_n which_o humane_a power_n can_v attain_v to_o with_o those_o act_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n that_o be_v of_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o man_n and_o which_o exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o particular_a moral_a virtue_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v still_o suppose_v that_o man_n desire_v and_o seek_v the_o high_a felicity_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o exercise_v this_o benevolence_n not_o only_o towards_o themselves_o but_o god_n and_o man_n as_o partaker_n with_o they_o of_o the_o same_o rational_a or_o intelligent_a nature_n this_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o prevent_v all_o those_o cavil_n which_o mr._n h_n disciple_n be_v use_v to_o make_v against_o morality_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o wi_n §_o 18._o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v what_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n that_o this_o truth_n concern_v the_o efficacy_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n as_o also_o all_o other_o proposition_n alike_o evident_a and_o contain_v under_o it_o do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o ordainer_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o of_o our_o humane_a understanding_n and_o of_o all_o truth_n therein_o contain_v and_o since_o these_o rule_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o procure_a god_n end_n and_o design_n viz._n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o also_o that_o it_o have_v please_v he_o to_o annex_v certain_a natural_a reward_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o punishment_n to_o their_o transgression_n so_o that_o they_o thereby_o become_v apt_a and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o due_a order_n of_o our_o thought_n and_o govern_v our_o action_n towards_o god_n ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v far_o make_v out_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o see_v nothing_o want_v to_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o under_o this_o general_a rule_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o universal_a benevolence_n be_v contain_v piety_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o high_a goodwill_n or_o charity_n towards_o man_n and_o be_v the_o sum_n both_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o moses_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ._n §_o 19_o these_o thing_n be_v thus_o propose_v in_o general_a i_o come_v now_o more_o particular_o to_o show_v that_o a_o due_a observation_n and_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a thing_n without_o we_o will_v true_o and_o clear_o teach_v we_o what_o operation_n or_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o and_o also_o show_v we_o how_o necessary_o and_o unalterable_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v produce_v for_o natural_a knowledge_n search_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o generation_n and_o corruption_n which_o daily_o happen_v to_o all_o natural_a body_n and_o especial_o to_o man_n and_o so_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o necessary_a coherence_n of_o these_o effect_n with_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o those_o cause_n that_o help_v to_o generate_v or_o preserve_v man_n and_o that_o make_v they_o live_v happy_o in_o this_o life_n be_v natural_a good_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o misery_n and_o dissolution_n be_v natural_a evil_n and_o it_o then_o as_o plain_o follow_v that_o by_o this_o knowledge_n we_o can_v as_o certain_o demonstrate_v and_o foretell_v what_o thing_n be_v natural_o good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o mankind_n as_o for_o any_o single_a person_n §_o 20._o therefore_o we_o may_v true_o conclude_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o these_o effect_n which_o either_o nature_n or_o humane_a industry_n can_v produce_v for_o man_n food_n clothe_v habitation_n and_o medicine_n be_v part_n of_o this_o natural_a knowledge_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o understanding_n of_o all_o other_o humane_a operation_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o use_v of_o humane_a life_n for_o although_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o man_n as_o they_o exert_v themselves_o towards_o thing_n without_o they_o do_v not_o work_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o mere_a mechanic_n motion_n viz._n from_o the_o pulsion_n or_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n but_o either_o from_o their_o reason_n or_o will_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o outward_a motion_n we_o exert_v receive_v their_o measure_n and_o force_n from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o humane_a body_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o and_o so_o must_v perform_v their_o natural_a function_n as_o they_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o natural_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o voluntary_a action_n whenever_o they_o be_v thus_o exert_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v how_o much_o man_n industry_n by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o body_n which_o a_o philosopher_n can_v easy_o resolve_v into_o mechanic_n one_o do_v contribute_v to_o their_o own_o and_o other_o man_n preservation_n by_o provide_v and_o administer_a victual_n clothes_n physic_n house_n etc._n etc._n in_o perform_v which_o effect_n man_n strength_n and_o skill_n in_o husbandry_n building_n navigation_n and_o other_o manual_a trade_n be_v chief_o employ_v nor_o be_v the_o liberal_a art_n absolute_o free_a from_o these_o law_n of_o motion_n since_o by_o the_o help_n of_o certain_a sensible_a sign_n and_o articulate_v note_n or_o mark_n as_o word_n letter_n or_o cipher_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n come_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o knowledge_n and_o direct_v in_o most_o of_o their_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n i_o have_v only_o think_v fit_a to_o hint_n thus_o much_o concern_v humane_a action_n consider_v as_o mere_a natural_a thing_n exist_v without_o we_o but_o i_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n §_o 21._o hence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o all_o these_o natural_a thing_n and_o the_o mutual_a help_n by_o which_o they_o be_v procure_v may_v be_v certain_o know_v and_o foresee_v by_o we_o to_o be_v natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o those_o contrary_a cause_n or_o motion_n by_o which_o man_n body_n be_v weaken_v or_o destroy_v by_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o the_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n such_o as_o food_n raiment_n liberty_n quiet_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o those_o action_n by_o which_o virtue_n and_o knowledge_n may_v be_v root_v out_o of_o man_n mind_n and_o error_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n introduce_v into_o their_o room_n be_v necessary_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n evil._n therefore_o when_o we_o determine_v of_o natural_a good_n or_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o preservation_n of_o a_o few_o particular_a person_n since_o the_o punishment_n nay_o death_n of_o these_o may_v often_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a
but_o rather_o that_o of_o the_o aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n subordinate_a to_o god_n as_o the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n in_o this_o natural_a system_n or_o commonweal_n establish_v by_o natural_a law_n for_o the_o good_a of_o a_o aggregate_v body_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o chief_a good_a that_o can_v accrue_v to_o all_o its_o part_n or_o the_o individual_a §_o 22._o have_v now_o find_v out_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n by_o what_o mean_v our_o mind_n can_v receive_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a natural_a good_a and_o evil_a and_o these_o no_o less_o certain_a and_o stable_a than_o those_o by_o which_o the_o cause_n of_o generation_n and_o corruption_n be_v exhibit_v to_o they_o i_o come_v next_o to_o consider_v that_o that_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o which_o the_o power_n of_o humane_a body_n as_o well_o as_o other_o part_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n consist_v and_o exert_v themselves_o after_o a_o limit_v manner_n and_o have_v a_o finite_a quantity_n and_o certain_a bound_n beyond_o which_o they_o can_v act_v from_o which_o principle_n flow_v those_o know_a law_n of_o natural_a body_n as_o that_o they_o can_v be_v at_o once_o in_o divers_a place_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v move_v towards_o contrary_a point_n at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o so_o as_o to_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o contrary_a will_n of_o divers_a person_n at_o once_o but_o be_v so_o bound_v and_o determine_v in_o their_o nature_n as_o to_o be_v only_o order_v or_o dispose_v of_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o one_o person_n alone_o or_o else_o of_o divers_a consent_n or_o conspire_v to_o the_o same_o end_n or_o design_n for_o if_o man_n shall_v think_v thus_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o they_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o conduce_v to_o their_o benefit_n or_o preservation_n that_o they_o will_v only_o tend_v to_o their_o hurt_a and_o destruction_n since_o if_o the_o strong_a have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v from_o the_o weak_a by_o strength_n and_o the_o weak_a from_o the_o strong_a by_o cunning_a and_o surprise_n any_o of_o these_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o he_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o yet_o when_o he_o have_v they_o he_o can_v be_v no_o more_o assure_v that_o he_o shall_v keep_v they_o than_o he_o be_v that_o last_o possess_v they_o since_o one_o strong_a or_o more_o cunning_a than_o himself_o may_v yet_o come_v and_o serve_v he_o as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o other_o before_o and_o so_o on_o till_o all_o man_n that_o enjoy_v they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v and_o the_o thing_n contend_v for_o perish_v without_o use_n so_o that_o there_o can_v remain_v neither_o any_o owner_n nor_o thing_n to_o be_v own_v §_o 23._o from_o all_o which_o that_o have_v be_v now_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v draw_v some_o conclusion_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o our_o subject_n as_o 1._o from_o this_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o our_o own_o humane_a nature_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o somuch_o celebrate_a distinction_n of_o the_o stoic_n between_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o our_o own_o power_n and_o disposal_n such_o as_o be_v the_o voluntary_a motion_n and_o inclination_n of_o our_o body_n and_o mind_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n the_o thing_n out_o of_o our_o power_n such_o as_o be_v those_o corporeal_a motion_n so_o violent_a and_o irresistible_a which_o we_o daily_o observe_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o weak_a creature_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v and_o from_o who_o irresistible_a force_n all_o thing_n here_o below_o be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a flux_n whence_o also_o there_o happen_v to_o we_o man_n a_o perpetual_a vicisfitude_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o adverse_a as_o prosperous_a as_o also_o of_o maturation_n decay_n and_o dissolution_n so_o that_o this_o distinction_n if_o due_o observe_v will_v be_v of_o singular_a use_n as_o well_o in_o form_v our_o manner_n as_o govern_v our_o affection_n for_o from_o hence_o we_o be_v teach_v not_o to_o expect_v any_o other_o or_o great_a happiness_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o all_o our_o labour_n and_o endeavour_n than_o what_o may_v proceed_v from_o a_o prudent_a management_n of_o our_o rational_a faculty_n and_o from_o those_o external_n help_v which_o we_o may_v expect_v divine_a providence_n will_v afford_v we_o in_o its_o govern_v the_o world_n by_o which_o mean_n we_o may_v befree_v from_o those_o fruitless_a labour_n and_o endeavour_n to_o which_o man_n vain_a fear_n and_o groundless_a hope_n so_o often_o transport_v they_o nor_o shall_v we_o too_o much_o afflict_v ourselves_o for_o those_o evil_n which_o either_o do_v now_o or_o may_v hereafter_o without_o our_o own_o fault_n inevitable_o befall_v we_o whence_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o trouble_n and_o molestation_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o proceed_v from_o grief_n anger_n and_o discontent_n at_o our_o present_a fortune_n or_o condition_n may_v by_o our_o prudence_n or_o patience_n be_v prevent_v neither_o be_v we_o hereby_o only_o direct_v to_o the_o avoid_n of_o evil_n but_o here_o be_v also_o chalk_v out_o to_o we_o a_o more_o short_a and_o compendious_a method_n by_o which_o we_o may_v by_o degree_n attain_v to_o those_o two_o great_a blessing_n which_o can_v be_v enjoy_v by_o we_o in_o this_o life_n the_o culture_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n and_o the_o government_n of_o our_o passion_n §_o 24._o i_o need_v not_o prosecute_v this_o subject_a any_o far_a but_o shall_v proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o obvious_a observation_n to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o common_a experience_n that_o the_o natural_a force_n or_o power_n of_o any_o one_o person_n be_v too_o weak_a scanty_a and_o inconsiderable_a towards_o the_o obtain_n all_o that_o happiness_n he_o desire_v and_o be_v capable_a of_o to_o procure_v which_o he_o still_o want_v the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o many_o other_o person_n and_o thing_n to_o render_v his_o life_n safe_a pleasant_a or_o content_v and_o further_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o of_o we_o to_o contribute_v many_o thing_n towards_o the_o use_n of_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n which_o we_o do_v not_o need_v ourselves_o and_o which_o though_o of_o no_o use_n to_o we_o yet_o may_v be_v of_o singular_a use_n to_o their_o happiness_n or_o preservation_n but_o since_o we_o be_v certain_a from_o those_o know_a bound_n of_o our_o power_n that_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compel_v all_o those_o by_o force_n who_o assistance_n we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o to_o cooperate_v with_o we_o towards_o this_o our_o main_a end_n and_o design_n viz._n happiness_n there_o can_v be_v no_o sure_a mean_n or_o safe_a defence_n leave_v we_o than_o that_o by_o a_o constant_a offering_n and_o afford_v those_o necessary_n of_o life_n together_o with_o our_o assistance_n to_o other_o as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n we_o may_v thereby_o probable_o render_v they_o likewise_o benevolent_a and_o helpful_a to_o we_o in_o the_o like_a necessity_n or_o occasion_n so_o that_o this_o benevolence_n or_o charity_n be_v only_o a_o constant_a will_n and_o endeavour_n of_o act_v thus_o sincere_o and_o diffusive_o whenever_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o and_o that_o even_o in_o those_o case_n in_o which_o it_o may_v oftentimes_o be_v probable_o foresee_v that_o no_o return_n can_v be_v immediate_o expect_v from_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o benefit_n be_v do_v since_o however_o it_o still_o contribute_v to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n of_o which_o that_o person_n we_o so_o benefit_n be_v a_o member_n which_o general_a benevolence_n do_v not_o yet_o hinder_v but_o that_o we_o may_v bestow_v and_o exercise_v a_o large_a share_n and_o high_a degree_n thereof_o towards_o those_o from_o who_o our_o own_o long_a acquaintance_n and_o near_a relation_n may_v persuade_v we_o to_o hope_v for_o large_a return_v of_o friendship_n §_o 25._o whence_o we_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n observe_v that_o if_o our_o assistance_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o our_o power_n certain_o contribute_v to_o the_o use_n or_o benefit_n of_o other_o they_o can_v only_o perform_v this_o as_o they_o be_v assign_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o particular_a person_n that_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o according_a to_o some_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n so_o that_o if_o right_a reason_n prescribe_v a_o use_n of_o thing_n and_o humane_a help_n as_o necessary_a for_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n it_o as_o necessary_o prescribe_v that_o this_o use_v of_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v appropriate_v to_o they_o that_o be_v thus_o to_o use_v they_o for_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o according_a
and_o obvious_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o we_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o whence_o that_o right_o arise_v we_o have_v to_o they_o i_o come_v now_o to_o make_v the_o like_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v that_o we_o be_v design_v by_o god_n for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o other_o beside_o ourselves_o and_o that_o in_o the_o do_n of_o this_o we_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v likewise_o include_v to_o perform_v this_o task_n i_o shall_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o quality_n or_o property_n that_o belong_v to_o man_n 1_o as_o a_o mere_a natural_a body_n 2_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o animal_n 3_o such_o as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n endue_v with_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a principle_n than_o brute_n viz._n a_o immortal_a soul_n §_o 2._o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o a_o natural_a body_n he_o be_v endue_v with_o these_o property_n common_a to_o all_o other_o natural_a body_n first_o that_o all_o his_o motion_n in_o which_o his_o life_n strength_n and_o health_n consist_v do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o and_o original_a or_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o be_v necessary_o complicate_v with_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n among_o which_o the_o corporeal_a motion_n of_o other_o which_o do_v often_o limit_v and_o restrain_v our_o own_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o to_o be_v consider_v 2_o that_o from_o they_o as_o from_o other_o body_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v indefinite_o and_o which_o do_v not_o perish_v but_o concur_v with_o other_o motion_n to_o perpetuate_v the_o succession_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v contribute_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o as_o the_o former_a teach_v we_o that_o a_o particular_a end_n viz._n our_o own_o preservation_n depend_v upon_o our_o common_a or_o joint_a force_n or_o natural_a power_n so_o this_o latter_a instruct_v we_o that_o such_o power_n and_o motion_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v often_o most_o beneficial_a and_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n forbid_v we_o to_o hope_v for_o or_o endeavour_v our_o own_o private_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o excite_v we_o to_o seek_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o original_a of_o our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n the_o other_o conclusion_n show_v that_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a can_v never_o prove_v in_o vain_a or_o to_o no_o purpose_n since_o it_o concur_v with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o of_o all_o humane_a creature_n therein_o contain_v and_o far_o that_o in_o each_o complicate_v motion_n as_o well_o in_o that_o towards_o which_o divers_a cause_n concur_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o any_o body_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o also_o in_o that_o whereby_o each_o particular_a body_n concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n still_o observe_v whereby_o some_o motion_n be_v necessary_o determine_v by_o other_o in_o a_o continual_a series_n or_o succession_n all_o which_o be_v yet_o govern_v or_o overrule_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o although_o this_o sort_n of_o contemplation_n may_v seem_v remote_a from_o common_a use_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v contemn_v as_o altogether_o unprofitable_a in_o humane_a affair_n for_o it_o make_v we_o more_o distinct_o perceive_v from_o some_o certain_a general_a principle_n how_o necessary_a a_o constant_a and_o certain_a order_n be_v among_o those_o cause_n that_o act_n from_o corporeal_a force_n so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v each_o in_o their_o order_n successive_o concur_v to_o a_o effect_n foresee_v or_o design_v by_o we_o and_o far_o show_v we_o a_o rule_n how_o we_o may_v certain_o judge_v what_o cause_n do_v more_o or_o less_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v so_o that_o from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o these_o cause_n their_o order_n dignity_n or_o power_n in_o respect_n to_o each_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v and_o judge_v of_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o what_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v most_o esteem_v for_o those_o good_a effect_n they_o have_v or_o may_v produce_v as_o also_o which_o be_v most_o diligent_o to_o be_v seek_v for_o the_o obtain_v those_o end_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v also_o know_v that_o those_o cause_n which_o philosopher_n call_v universal_a viz._n god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n as_o proceed_v from_o he_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a or_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n a_o part_n of_o which_o we_o either_o always_o do_v actual_o or_o can_v hope_v to_o enjoy_v §_o 3._o but_o omit_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n to_o influence_n or_o alter_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o either_o our_o power_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v those_o voluntary_a humane_a motion_n proceed_v from_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o other_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o their_o common_a happiness_n and_o in_o which_o every_o one_o private_a good_n be_v include_v since_o from_o this_o source_n proceed_v all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o man_n innocence_n and_o fidelity_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v preserve_v as_o also_o by_o which_o humanity_n gratitude_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v exert_v and_o perform_v after_o as_o certain_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n bowel_n nerve_n and_o joint_n in_o a_o animal_n do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o judgement_n or_o determination_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n due_o consider_v shall_v without_o doubt_n cause_v we_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o contribute_v to_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n and_o may_v make_v we_o also_o diligent_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o want_v that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v not_o be_v render_v as_o happy_a as_o our_o frail_a nature_n in_o this_o will_v allow_v since_o right_a reason_n can_v propose_v no_o high_a or_o noble_a end_n than_o this_o of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n §_o 4._o yet_o whilst_o we_o compare_v the_o aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v act_n by_o corporeal_a force_n with_o the_o natural_a system_n of_o other_o body_n i_o be_o not_o unmindful_a of_o the_o manifest_a difference_n there_o be_v between_o they_o viz._n that_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o mere_a corporeal_a system_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o contiguity_n and_o immediate_a operation_n of_o body_n move_v upon_o other_o that_o be_v to_o be_v move_v by_o they_o without_o any_o sense_n deliberation_n or_o liberty_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o humane_a action_n in_o who_o motion_n and_o operation_n on_o each_o other_o though_o a_o great_a difference_n often_o intervene_v yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o corporeal_a power_n of_o man_n when_o exert_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o motion_n with_o other_o body_n and_o that_o divers_a man_n may_v often_o cooperate_v to_o one_o certain_a effect_n relate_v to_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v of_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o a_o subordination_n between_o humane_a motion_n as_o there_o be_v between_o those_o of_o other_o body_n and_o i_o must_v here_o far_o take_v notice_n that_o man_n have_v frequent_a opportunity_n of_o meet_v together_o and_o also_o many_o other_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v hurt_v or_o help_v each_o other_o by_o word_n write_v or_o other_o action_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o entire_a system_fw-la of_o body_n consist_v of_o several_a particular_a part_n so_o that_o nothing_o almost_o can_v be_v do_v in_o relation_n to_o any_o man_n life_n family_n or_o fortune_n which_o do_v
not_o some_o way_n or_o other_o either_o benefit_n or_o prejudice_n those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o dear_a to_o other_o also_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o any_o one_o body_n in_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n communicate_v itself_o to_o many_o other_o for_o that_o great_a prerogative_n of_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n with_o which_o man_n be_v endue_v supply_v the_o contiguity_n require_v for_o motion_n in_o other_o body_n man_n be_v often_o excite_v to_o action_n by_o certain_a arbitrary_a sign_n or_o word_n by_o which_o they_o understand_v what_o have_v be_v do_v by_o other_o in_o place_n far_o distant_a so_o also_o our_o intellect_n apprehend_v a_o likeness_n of_o desire_n and_o aversion_n between_o those_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o itself_o as_o to_o thing_n necessary_a or_o hurtful_a to_o life_n as_o also_o be_v able_a to_o remember_v other_o man_n action_n towards_o themselves_o or_o those_o they_o love_v be_v from_o thence_o excite_v to_o hope_v for_o or_o expect_v the_o like_a thing_n from_o they_o and_o be_v also_o provoke_v to_o a_o requital_n when_o occasion_n be_v offer_v such_o property_n be_v plain_o natural_a and_o constant_a in_o humane_a nature_n be_v no_o less_o efficacious_a to_o excite_v man_n to_o such_o action_n or_o motion_n than_o a_o mutual_a contact_n between_o body_n be_v to_o communicate_v motion_n between_o all_o the_o part_n of_o any_o corporeal_a system_n §_o 5._o from_o which_o natural_a observation_n it_o be_v plain_o manifest_a that_o particular_a man_n may_v hence_o learn_v that_o both_o their_o great_a security_n from_o evil_a and_o all_o their_o hope_n of_o obtain_v any_o good_a or_o assistance_n from_o other_o towards_o make_v themselves_o happy_a do_v true_o and_o necessary_o depend_v upon_o voluntary_a action_n proceed_v from_o the_o benevolence_n of_o other_o who_o do_v likewise_o themselves_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o like_a mean_n for_o their_o happiness_n and_o safety_n from_o whence_o we_o easy_o perceive_v that_o these_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n of_o man_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v high_o beneficial_a to_o all_o of_o they_o and_o answer_v that_o concourse_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o that_o session_n or_o give_v place_n to_o each_o other_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o motion_n so_o that_o from_o this_o necessity_n of_o these_o mutual_a help_n it_z as_o necessary_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o will_v consult_v his_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n shall_v procure_v as_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a the_o good_a will_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o since_o he_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v and_o perform_v to_o other_o divers_a like_o office_n of_o kindness_n and_o so_o be_v able_a to_o conspire_v with_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o the_o same_o end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o weak_a and_o inconsiderable_a force_n of_o any_o one_o man_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o compel_v so_o many_o other_o each_o of_o they_o equal_a if_o not_o superior_a to_o himself_o both_o in_o wit_n and_o power_n to_o yield_v he_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o their_o own_o prejudice_n whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o which_o will_v prove_v as_o impossible_a as_o that_o a_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n place_v in_o one_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n shall_v bear_v down_o several_a other_o hundred_o weight_n put_v on_o the_o opposite_a scale_n so_o likewise_o the_o force_n and_o cunning_a of_o any_o single_a person_n be_v of_o no_o sufficient_a power_n or_o force_n against_o the_o several_a necessity_n counsel_n and_o endeavour_n of_o innumerable_a other_o towards_o their_o own_o and_o the_o common_a good_a without_o any_o consideration_n of_o his_o particular_a happiness_n alone_o therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o this_o natural_a balance_n of_o humane_a power_n that_o man_n may_v be_v more_o certain_o induce_v by_o our_o benevolence_n or_o endeavour_v of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o yield_v we_o those_o thing_n and_o assistance_n we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o than_o by_o use_v force_n or_o deceit_n which_o mr._n h._n cive_z suppose_n even_o the_o good_a and_o virtuous_a may_v lawful_o exercise_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o only_a natural_a mean_n of_o self-preservation_n in_o his_o imaginary_a state_n of_o nature_n §_o 6._o so_o that_o from_o these_o natural_a observation_n concern_v all_o the_o mean_n necessary_a to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n and_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o being_n therein_o contain_v we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o all_o thing_n be_v so_o dispose_v that_o not_o the_o least_o quantity_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n can_v ever_o be_v lose_v but_o the_o same_o species_n of_o animal_n be_v still_o continue_v and_o be_v rather_o increase_v than_o lessen_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o cruel_a passion_n and_o unruly_a appetite_n of_o some_o other_o animal_n so_o that_o in_o this_o perpetuity_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n by_o a_o continual_a succession_n of_o thing_n the_o natural_a good_a or_o conservation_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n consist_v and_o towards_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v according_a to_o the_o immutable_a law_n of_o motion_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sufficient_a reason_n give_v why_o the_o conservation_n of_o mankind_n may_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o establish_v by_o as_o certain_a and_o natural_a a_o power_n of_o cause_n as_o the_o successive_a generation_n of_o any_o other_o creature_n since_o they_o depend_v alike_o upon_o the_o last_a nature_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n and_o agree_v in_o all_o the_o essential_o of_o animal_n and_o certain_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o rational_a soul_n to_o our_o body_n do_v very_o often_o put_v we_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o that_o of_o brute_n but_o can_v never_o make_v we_o in_o a_o worse_o which_o will_v be_v evident_a to_o any_o man_n that_o consider_v the_o benefit_n which_o accrue_v to_o our_o body_n from_o the_o government_n of_o our_o reason_n and_o which_o do_v abundant_o recompense_v some_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o they_o from_o the_o error_n of_o our_o mind_n nay_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o its_o error_n concern_v food_n pleasure_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o our_o body_n proceed_v from_o the_o soul_n be_v yield_v against_o the_o admonition_n of_o reason_n to_o carnal_a appetite_n and_o corporeal_a or_o animal_n passion_n 2._o that_o the_o matter_n and_o motion_n of_o all_o body_n as_o also_o of_o man_n consider_v only_o as_o such_o do_v mechanical_o or_o whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o promote_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n since_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o particular_a body_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n in_o short_a our_o judgement_n concern_v the_o necessary_a mean_n of_o the_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n may_v be_v convince_v from_o these_o natural_a cause_n operate_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n by_o which_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n be_v preserve_v since_o they_o consist_v in_o these_o two_o rule_n 1._o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o particular_a person_n towards_o their_o own_o preservation_n be_v as_o plain_o necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n as_o the_o mechanic_n motion_n of_o particular_a body_n be_v to_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a corporeal_a system_n 2._o that_o the_o power_n of_o particular_a person_n by_o which_o they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o force_n of_o other_o shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v as_o that_o like_o the_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v or_o lose_v to_o the_o prejudice_n or_o detriment_n of_o the_o whole_a somewhat_o like_o which_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o corporeal_a system_n of_o the_o world_n which_o proceed_v from_o its_o plenitude_n and_o the_o mutual_a contact_n of_o body_n and_o so_o extend_v themselves_o through_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o matter_n but_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a talon_n of_o humane_a reason_n and_o understanding_n to_o observe_v that_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a happiness_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o other_o rational_n after_o a_o much_o noble_a manner_n even_o when_o they_o be_v far_o distant_a and_o can_v therefore_o take_v care_n that_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o body_n do_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a corporeal_a system_n which_o will_v be_v true_o perform_v if_o in_o all_o voluntary_a action_n which_o respect_v other_o those_o two_o rule_n
aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o great_a they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n by_o all_o the_o tie_v of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n to_o concur_v with_o god_n will_n and_o design_n in_o pursue_v and_o endeavour_v this_o great_a end_n §_o 11._o but_o since_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n consist_v of_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a part_n or_o principle_n a_o soul_n and_o a_o body_n both_o capable_a of_o good_a and_o evil_a i._n e._n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o duty_n or_o obligation_n by_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o all_o the_o rational_a motive_n or_o reward_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n and_o deter_v by_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n or_o punishment_n from_o neglect_v or_o transgress_v it_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o plain_a axiom_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o learned_a bishop_n wilkin_n excellent_a discourse_n of_o natural_a religion_n axiom_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a i.e._n agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o prosecute_v and_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a i._n e._n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v ax._n 2._o the_o great_a congruity_n there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o great_a tendency_n it_o have_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a so_o much_o great_a degree_n it_o have_v of_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o proportion_v our_o inclination_n or_o aversion_n thereunto_o ax._n 3_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suitable_a both_o to_o the_o reason_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o all_o person_n shall_v submit_v themselves_o to_o god_n will_n upon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a by_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v render_v they_o acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o avoid_v those_o contrary_a action_n which_o may_v provoke_v his_o displeasure_n that_o be_v in_o short_a in_o prosecute_a the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n ax._n 4._o hence_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o the_o perfection_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensitive_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o animal_n pleasure_n and_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o evil_a be_v more_o to_o be_v avoid_v than_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o animal_n ax._n 5._o a_o present_a animal_n good_a may_v be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o great_a future_a moral_n good_n ax._n 6._o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o probable_a avoid_n of_o a_o great_a though_o future_a evil._n but_o since_o all_o the_o reward_n which_o god_n can_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o observe_v this_o fundamental_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n do_v only_o amount_v to_o the_o true_a and_o high_a happiness_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o sufficient_o state_n that_o happiness_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o plain_a proposition_n §_o 12._o prop._n 1._o that_o which_o give_v or_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v call_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o thing_n prop._n 2._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o according_a to_o its_o kind_n be_v call_v the_o chief_a end_n good_a or_o happiness_n of_o such_o a_o be_v thus_o for_o example_n to_o give_v you_o a_o scale_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o being_n we_o know_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o life_n or_o motion_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n consist_v in_o have_v a_o vegetative_a life_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v nourishment_n and_o growth_n and_o be_v enable_v to_o multiply_v their_o kind_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o this_o kind_n of_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o state_n of_o maturity_n to_o continue_v unto_o its_o natural_a period_n and_o to_o propagate_v its_o kind_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o brutus_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o plant_n consist_v in_o their_o be_v endue_v with_o faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o apprehend_v external_a object_n and_o of_o receive_v pain_n or_o pleasure_n from_o they_o in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o mere_a sensitive_a pleasure_n i_o e._n of_o do_v and_o enjoy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v grateful_a to_o their_o appetite_n and_o sense_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o plant_n and_o brute_n both_o in_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a life_n consist_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o right_a reason_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o its_o reward_n and_o punishment_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o that_o to_o come_v to_o induce_v he_o to_o their_o observation_n and_o deter_v he_o from_o the_o transgression_n of_o they_o which_o sentiment_n as_o no_o creature_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n except_o man_n do_v partake_v of_o so_o his_o chief_a good_a or_o happiness_n consist_v in_o the_o improvement_n and_o perfection_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o as_o may_v best_o entitle_v he_o to_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o afford_v he_o the_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o last_a happiness_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o after_o it_o be_v end_v so_o that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o voluntary_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o capable_a of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v call_v moral_a as_o be_v direct_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a legislator_n to_o the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 13._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a in_o order_n to_o the_o settle_n and_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n particular_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n those_o reward_n which_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o those_o punishment_n he_o have_v appoint_v for_o its_o breach_n or_o transgression_n but_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o obligation_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n arise_v proper_o from_o the_o command_v of_o some_o rightful_a superior_a power_n that_o be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v not_o only_o force_v sufficient_a to_o inflict_v what_o evil_n he_o please_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a but_o who_o have_v also_o give_v we_o just_a ground_n or_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o require_v we_o to_o determine_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o our_o will_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n both_o which_o whenever_o they_o meet_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n and_o that_o he_o have_v once_o signify_v his_o will_n to_o we_o aught_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n not_o only_o fear_v to_o offend_v but_o also_o a_o love_n of_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o former_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n the_o latter_a from_o their_o own_o intrinseck_n goodness_n as_o also_o from_o all_o those_o motive_n which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o perform_v his_o will._n for_o as_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o downright_a force_n why_o he_o will_v have_v i_o perform_v and_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no_o may_v indeed_o so_o far_o terrify_v i_o that_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n i_o may_v think_v it_o best_o to_o obey_v he_o yet_o that_o fear_v once_o remove_v there_o will_v then_o remain_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v i_o from_o act_v according_a to_o my_o own_o rather_o than_o his_o will_n or_o humour_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o who_o can_v give_v i_o never_o so_o good_a reason_n why_o i_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o yet_o if_o destitute_a of_o power_n to_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n upon_o i_o for_o my_o disobedience_n such_o his_o command_n may_v without_o any_o outward_a inconvenience_n be_v neglect_v by_o
mercy_n to_o those_o of_o a_o different_a religion_n from_o themselves_o 10.30_o our_o saviour_n teach_v they_o by_o that_o excellent_a parable_n of_o the_o traveller_n that_o fall_v among_o thief_n and_o be_v take_v up_o and_o cure_v by_o the_o merciful_a samaritan_n when_o the_o ill-natured_a priest_n and_o levite_n have_v pass_v he_o by_o say_v to_o the_o lawyer_n who_o have_v ask_v who_o be_v my_o neighbour_n go_v thy_o way_n and_o do_v thou_o likewise_o by_o which_o he_o plain_o intimate_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v all_o act_n of_o charity_n and_o benevolence_n to_o all_o person_n that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o let_v their_o nation_n or_o religion_n be_v never_o so_o different_a from_o our_o own_o so_o that_o whosoever_o will_v but_o serious_o consider_v the_o great_a end_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n come_v into_o the_o world_n and_o also_o the_o whole_a scope_n and_o design_n of_o his_o doctrine_n will_v find_v that_o it_o be_v only_o to_o procure_v as_o well_o by_o his_o example_n as_o precept_n the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o mankind_n for_o to_o what_o end_n else_o do_v he_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o form_n of_o a_o servant_n and_o endure_v a_o poor_a and_o miserable_a life_n with_o a_o ignominious_a death_n but_o to_o procure_v everlasting_a happiness_n for_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v true_o believe_v in_o he_o or_o to_o what_o other_o end_n be_v all_o those_o excellent_a precept_n so_o often_o give_v by_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n of_o love_v one_o another_o and_o therefore_o st._n paul_n tell_v the_o roman_n chap._n 13._o v._n 8._o that_o he_o that_o love_v another_o have_v fulfil_v the_o law_n and_o more_o full_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n to_o the_o galatian_n v_o 14._o for_o the_o law_n be_v fulfil_v in_o this_o one_o word_n even_o in_o this_o thou_o shall_v love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o and_o in_o his_o first_o epistle_n to_o the_o corinthian_n cap._n 13._o he_o be_v very_o large_a and_o particular_a in_o set_v forth_o the_o necessity_n and_o exalt_v the_o excellency_n of_o charity_n above_o all_o the_o other_o spiritual_a grace_n without_o which_o he_o tell_v they_o if_o he_o have_v faith_n so_o as_o to_o remove_v mountain_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v not_o charity_n he_o be_v nothing_o now_o what_o be_v this_o charity_n but_o a_o unfeigned_a love_n and_o goodwill_n to_o all_o mankind_n ch._n 2.17_o and_o st._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o faith_n without_o work_n be_v dead_a be_v alone_o and_o st._n john_n in_o his_o first_o epistle_n make_v the_o love_n of_o our_o brethren_n that_o be_v of_o all_o man_n the_o great_a sign_n and_o demonstration_n of_o our_o love_n to_o god_n when_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o if_o a_o man_n say_v i_o love_v god_n and_o hate_v his_o brother_n he_o be_v a_o liar_n for_o he_o that_o love_v not_o his_o brother_n who_o he_o have_v see_v how_o can_v he_o love_v god_n who_o he_o have_v not_o see_v and_o this_o commandment_n we_o have_v from_o he_o that_o he_o who_o love_v god_n love_v his_o brother_n also_o so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v what_o have_v here_o be_v say_v can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o excellent_a doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n concern_v the_o most_o intense_a love_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o most_o diffusive_a charity_n towards_o man_n do_v not_o only_o far_o exceed_v all_o the_o precept_n of_o philosopher_n but_o also_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o moses_n itself_o now_o what_o can_v be_v the_o design_n of_o all_o these_o excellent_a precept_n but_o by_o all_o the_o command_n and_o persuasion_n imaginable_a and_o by_o all_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o most_o glorious_a reward_n and_o threaten_n of_o the_o most_o terrible_a and_o last_a punishment_n to_o advance_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o to_o procure_v the_o welfare_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n §_o 19_o to_o conclude_v though_o i_o suppose_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n if_o due_o observe_v where_o it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o give_v man_n no_o other_o knowledge_n or_o discovery_n of_o his_o will_n may_v yet_o give_v they_o a_o rational_a share_n of_o happiness_n not_o only_o in_o this_o life_n but_o in_o that_o to_o come_v yet_o i_o hope_v no_o indifferent_a or_o rational_a man_n but_o upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o lapse_v and_o deprave_a state_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o how_o prone_a it_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o exorbitant_a lust_n and_o passion_n contrary_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o his_o own_o conscience_n but_o must_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a demonstration_n of_o god_n goodness_n and_o mercy_n to_o give_v we_o the_o most_o glorious_a light_n of_o his_o gospel_n and_o to_o send_v his_o bless_a son_n not_o only_o to_o instruct_v we_o but_o also_o to_o die_v for_o we_o which_o great_a mystery_n that_o in_o god_n due_a time_n and_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n may_v be_v speedy_o reveal_v to_o all_o mankind_n we_o ought_v daily_o to_o make_v it_o our_o hearty_a prayer_n to_o his_o divine_a majesty_n that_o every_o heart_n may_v know_v and_o every_o tongue_n confess_v that_o jesus_n be_v both_o lord_n and_o christ_n who_o have_v bring_v life_n and_o immortality_n to_o light_n through_o the_o gospel_n the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o part._n the_o head_n of_o the_o second_o part_n be_v a_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h_n principle_n the_o introduction_n contain_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o have_v put_v these_o answer_n to_o mr._n h_n principle_n into_o this_o method_n sect._n 1_o the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n that_o man_n be_v not_o a_o creature_n bear_v apt_a for_o society_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o that_o a_o man_n be_v not_o a_o sociable_a creature_n by_o nature_n but_o accident_n for_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v love_v all_o man_n alike_o all_o society_n proceed_v from_o self-interest_n this_o resolve_v into_o mutual_a fear_n or_o else_o desire_v of_o glory_n and_o dominion_n over_o other_o sect._n 2._o 1._o answer_v that_o these_o word_n bear_v unapt_a for_o society_n be_v equivocal_a since_o who_o do_v not_o know_v how_o unapt_a child_n and_o fool_n be_v to_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o compact_n mr._n h._n take_v his_o whole_a measure_n of_o humane_a nature_n from_o those_o passion_n that_o precede_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o experience_n which_o be_v also_o natural_a as_o he_o himself_o confess_v in_o another_o place_n sect._n 3_o that_o be_v natural_a which_o every_o man_n when_o of_o year_n of_o discretion_n either_o do_v or_o may_v attain_v to_o sect._n 4._o answer_v to_o his_o second_o argument_n concern_v interest_n society_n though_o desire_v for_o a_o man_n be_v own_o good_a or_o interest_n do_v not_o make_v it_o for_o all_o that_o less_o natural_a sect._n 5._o answer_v to_o his_o argument_n from_o fear_n not_o the_o cause_n of_o natural_a but_o of_o civil_a society_n which_o we_o be_v not_o now_o treat_v of_o sect._n 6._o answer_v to_o his_o instance_n from_o the_o company_n he_o have_v keep_v which_o be_v some_o witty_a ill-natured_a man_n no_o standard_n can_v be_v take_v from_o thence_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o man_n sect._n 7._o answer_v to_o his_o argument_n concern_v dominion_n no_o man_n able_a by_o his_o own_o single_a power_n to_o force_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n to_o submit_v to_o his_o will._n sect._n 8._o mr._n h._n himself_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o man_n can_v subsist_v or_o live_v without_o society_n though_o to_o evade_v this_o he_o consound_v natural_a with_o civil_a society_n the_o absurdity_n of_o which_o be_v expose_v by_o show_v it_o to_o be_v beside_o the_o question_n sect._n 9_o the_o head_n of_o the_o second_o principle_n that_o all_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n equal_a his_o argument_n prove_v from_o man_n mutual_a will_n and_o power_n of_o hurt_v each_o other_o and_o chief_o from_o the_o power_n which_o all_o man_n even_o the_o most_o weak_a have_v of_o take_v away_o each_o other_o life_n sect._n 1_o answer_n this_o equality_n though_o grant_v do_v not_o prove_v that_o all_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n equal_a as_o to_o all_o thing_n sect._n 2._o the_o head_n of_o the_o three_o principle_n that_o there_o be_v a_o mutual_a will_n or_o desire_v in_o all_o man_n of_o hurt_v each_o other_o his_o argument_n propose_v that_o though_o some_o man_n according_a to_o a_o natural_a equality_n will_v allow_v to_o other_o man_n the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o themselves_o yet_o that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o man_n be_v not_o so_o modest_a but_o will_v arrogate_v to_o themselves_o honour_n above_o other_o or_o else_o will_v assault_v other_o man_n good_n or_o person_n out_o of_o a_o false_a esteem_n of_o their_o own_o power_n from_o thence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o other_o defend_v
mean_v by_o a_o natural_a good_a and_o evil_a i_o shall_v now_o give_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o former_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v those_o voluntary_a action_n and_o habit_n which_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n consider_v as_o give_v by_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n for_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o humane_a or_o voluntary_a action_n for_o there_o be_v many_o natural_a good_n that_o conduce_v to_o a_o man_n happiness_n which_o be_v not_o moral_o good_a nor_o be_v command_v by_o any_o law_n such_o as_o be_v quickness_n of_o wit_n learning_n strength_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n etc._n etc._n on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o suppose_v that_o no_o action_n of_o the_o will_n can_v be_v command_v by_o god_n and_o so_o moral_o good_a which_o do_v not_o by_o be_v own_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n the_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o which_o distinction_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o another_o great_a error_n in_o mr._n h._n when_o he_o make_v that_o which_o seem_v good_a to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o self_n to_o be_v the_o only_a object_n of_o his_o desire_n as_o he_o do_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 1._o art_n 2._o which_o he_o likewise_o more_o full_o express_v in_o cap._n 3._o artic._n 21._o every_o one_o be_v presume_v to_o seek_v that_o which_o be_v good_a for_o himself_o but_o that_o which_o be_v just_o only_o by_o accident_n and_o for_o peace_n sake_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v just_a he_o will_v only_o have_v to_o regard_v another_o good_a which_o he_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v seek_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o fear_n of_o those_o evil_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o state_n of_o war_n but_o all_o he_o say_v only_o tend_v to_o prove_v that_o man_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o their_o nature_n and_o so_o absolute_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o mind_n or_o desire_v any_o thing_n unless_o for_o their_o own_o particular_a worldly_a profit_n and_o glory_n as_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o those_o principle_n we_o have_v already_o consider_v §_o 8._o but_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n that_o mr._n h._n himself_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la publish_v after_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 12._o §_o 1._o seem_v not_o at_o all_o to_o approve_v of_o this_o ill_a humour_n in_o man_n by_o these_o word_n we_o confess_v that_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o through_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o his_o free_a will_n that_o a_o man_n of_o a_o narrow_a soul_n may_v consider_v nothing_o but_o himself_o and_o so_o may_v desire_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o judge_n for_o his_o own_o private_a advantage_n and_o in_o the_o same_o treatise_n cap._n 11._o §_o 14._o where_o he_o do_v purposely_o consider_v which_o be_v the_o great_a or_o lesser_a among_o good_n he_o plain_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a good_a which_o benefit_n more_o person_n than_o that_o which_o do_v good_a to_o few_o §_o 9_o but_o give_v he_o leave_n to_o contradict_v himself_o as_o much_o as_o he_o will_v yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o he_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o rational_a and_o good_a man_n be_v of_o a_o more_o generous_a spirit_n who_o do_v not_o only_o esteem_v that_o to_o be_v good_a which_o be_v good_a for_o themselves_o alone_o but_o also_o whatsoever_o tend_v to_o the_o conservation_n happiness_n and_o perfection_n of_o mankind_n and_o whatsoever_o they_o thus_o esteem_v to_o be_v good_a that_o they_o will_v also_o desire_v wish_v for_o and_o contribute_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o procure_v for_o other_o as_o well_o as_o themselves_o nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n to_o hinder_v but_o that_o whatsoever_o i_o find_v agreeable_a to_o any_o man_n nature_n i_o may_v do_v my_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o my_o power_n that_o he_o may_v obtain_v it_o but_o this_o much_o i_o must_v free_o confess_v that_o if_o man_n do_v not_o propose_v to_o themselves_o one_o common_a end_n or_o effect_v viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n who_o cause_n whether_o efficient_a or_o perfective_a shall_v be_v beforehand_o agree_v on_o to_o be_v good_a and_o those_o that_o hinder_v its_o production_n evil_a the_o word_n good_a and_o evil_a will_v always_o be_v equivocal_a various_a and_o uncertain_a be_v still_o to_o be_v take_v in_o as_o many_o different_a sense_n as_o there_o be_v particular_a men._n so_o that_o whatsoever_o action_n or_o thing_n be_v call_v good_a by_o any_o one_o man_n because_o it_o serve_v his_o turn_n that_o other_o man_n if_o it_o cross_v their_o desire_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o call_v evil_a which_o be_v incongruous_a to_o reason_n and_o to_o the_o communication_n of_o knowledge_n among_o man_n which_o be_v the_o main_a end_n of_o speech_n whereas_o if_o the_o word_n good_a and_o evil_a be_v apply_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o rational_a being_n in_o general_n they_o will_v have_v a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a sense_n and_o signification_n which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v constant_o true_a and_o intelligible_a but_o prove_v most_o useful_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o capable_a of_o understanding_n but_o also_o of_o contribute_v our_o endeavour_n for_o the_o procure_n of_o this_o common_a good_a and_o be_v also_o under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n thereunto_o be_v i_o hope_v full_o make_v out_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n where_o we_o express_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o its_o obligation_n principle_n vii_o that_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o state_n of_o war._n §_o 1._o all_o the_o principle_n that_o mr._n h._n have_v hitherto_o lay_v down_o have_v be_v only_o in_o order_n to_o the_o establish_v this_o darling_n principle_n of_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n but_o since_o we_o have_v already_o in_o our_o answer_n to_o his_o former_a principle_n show_v their_o falsehood_n and_o absurdity_n if_o those_o foundation_n be_v ill_o lay_v the_o superstructure_n must_v needs_o be_v infirm_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v omit_v all_o that_o he_o have_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z infer_v from_o those_o false_a principle_n and_o shall_v only_o apply_v myself_o to_o what_o he_o have_v in_o his_o 13_o chapter_n of_o his_o leviathan_n give_v we_o anew_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o principle_n and_o which_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o former_a for_o here_o he_o derive_v this_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n from_o three_o principal_a cause_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n first_o competition_n second_o diffidence_n three_o glory_n the_o first_o make_v man_n invade_v for_o gain_n the_o second_o for_o safety_n and_o the_o three_o for_o reputation_n the_o first_o use_n violence_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o other_o man_n person_n wife_n child_n and_o cattle_n the_o second_o to_o defend_v they_o the_o three_o for_o trifle_n as_o a_o word_n a_o smile_n a_o different_a opinion_n and_o any_o other_o sign_n of_o undervalue_v either_o direct_o in_o their_o person_n or_o by_o reflection_n on_o their_o kindred_n their_o friend_n their_o nation_n their_o profession_n or_o their_o name_n hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o during_o the_o time_n man_n live_v without_o a_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o all_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v in_o that_o condition_n which_o be_v call_v war_n as_o be_v of_o every_o man_n against_o every_o man_n for_o war_n consist_v not_o in_o battle_n only_o or_o the_o act_n of_o fight_v but_o in_o a_o tract_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o will_v to_o contend_v by_o battle_n be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o therefore_o the_o notion_n of_o time_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o war_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o weather_n for_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o foul-weather_n lie_v not_o in_o a_o shower_n or_o two_o of_o rain_n but_o in_o a_o inclination_n thereto_o of_o many_o day_n together_o so_o the_o nature_n of_o war_n consist_v not_o in_o actual_a fight_n but_o in_o the_o know_a disposition_n thereto_o during_o all_o the_o time_n there_o be_v no_o assurance_n to_o the_o contrary_n all_o other_o be_v peace_n §_o 2._o in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o must_v first_o take_v notice_n that_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o leviathan_n deduce_v this_o right_n of_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o from_o other_o principle_n than_o he_o do_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z chap._n 1._o §_o 12._o where_o from_o the_o suppose_a right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n he_o deduce_v a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o and_o which_o render_v it_o
the_o breach_n of_o every_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o consequent_o a_o obligation_n to_o all_o their_o outward_a action_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o observe_v than_o to_o transgress_v they_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n because_o their_o violation_n do_v still_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n or_o absurdity_n in_o all_o humane_a society_n or_o conversation_n for_o whosoever_o will_v serious_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o rational_a agent_n will_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o felicity_n possible_a for_o they_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o its_o necessary_a and_o adequate_a cause_n and_o therefore_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o seek_v both_o of_o they_o together_o for_o whensoever_o he_o transgress_v any_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o than_o separate_v his_o own_o private_a good_a or_o advantage_n from_o that_o of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v contradictory_n way_n of_o act_v must_v needs_o raise_v a_o civil_a war_n or_o contest_v in_o a_o man_n own_o conscience_n between_o his_o reason_n and_o his_o passion_n which_o must_v grievous_o disturb_v its_o tranquillity_n which_o evil_a since_o it_o also_o take_v away_o his_o peace_n and_o security_n be_v no_o contemptible_a punishment_n natural_o inflict_v by_o god_n for_o such_o offence_n §_o 9_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o propose_v two_o reason_n more_o whereby_o i_o think_v we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o mr._n h._n the_o first_o be_v that_o presumption_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n both_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o kingdom_n which_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o judgement_n civil_a sovereign_n who_o this_o author_n make_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o right_a or_o wrong_n have_v make_v of_o humane_a nature_n to_o wit_n that_o every_o one_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v good_a until_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o some_o outward_a action_n and_o that_o make_v out_o by_o sufficient_a proof_n or_o testimony_n and_o therefore_o if_o their_o judgement_n be_v true_a he_o must_v own_v all_o other_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o enemy_n or_o so_o wicked_a as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o suppose_v so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v set_v upon_o and_o kill_v though_o never_o so_o innocent_a for_o any_o private_a man_n security_n and_o this_o presumption_n be_v more_o strong_a against_o mr._n h._n because_o he_o find_v that_o security_n which_o he_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v sufficient_a in_o commonwealth_n upon_o those_o punishment_n by_o which_o the_o supreme_a power_n can_v restrain_v all_o invader_n of_o other_o man_n right_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v in_o civil_a state_n unless_o according_a to_o the_o sentence_n of_o some_o judge_n who_o always_o give_v sentence_n according_a to_o this_o presumption_n this_o therefore_o be_v either_o a_o true_a presumption_n and_o so_o able_a to_o direct_v our_o action_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o even_o in_o commonwealth_n there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v a_o sufficient_a security_n by_o the_o law_n make_v and_o punishment_n inflict_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n and_o so_o neither_o civil_a law_n themselves_o do_v oblige_v we_o to_o outward_a act_n and_o thus_o every_o commonwealth_n will_v soon_o be_v dissolve_v but_o since_o we_o be_v satisfy_v that_o public_a judgement_n give_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n render_v man_n life_n secure_a enough_o and_o certain_o much_o more_o safe_a than_o if_o all_o who_o be_v arraign_v at_o the_o bar_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v enemy_n and_o according_a to_o mr._n h_n rule_n of_o prevention_n shall_v be_v all_o forthwith_o condemn_v to_o suffer_v as_o guilty_a therefore_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o the_o private_a judgement_n of_o particular_a man_n concern_v other_o make_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n do_v more_o conduce_v to_o the_o security_n of_o all_o man_n than_o this_o author_n rash_a presumption_n of_o the_o universal_a pravity_n of_o all_o man_n and_o will_v thence_o persuade_v we_o that_o all_o other_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v prevent_v and_o set_v upon_o by_o force_n and_o fraud_n §_o 10._o a_o second_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o outward_a act_n will_v procure_v we_o less_o security_n than_o their_o exact_a observation_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o hence_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v there_o will_v thence_o necessary_o follow_v a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o which_o war_n be_v once_o suppose_v he_o right_o acknowledge_v that_o all_o man_n will_v become_v miserable_a and_o must_v present_o perish_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o security_n be_v seek_v for_o in_o vain_a by_o this_o mad_a state_n so_o that_o there_o can_v remain_v no_o more_o hope_n of_o it_o tho_o mr._n h._n teach_v otherwise_o in_o his_o the_o cive_z cap._n 5._o §_o 1._o and_o leu._n cap._n 13._o viz._n that_o in_o the_o mutual_a fear_n of_o man_n no_o body_n have_v a_o better_a way_n of_o security_n than_o by_o this_o anticipation_n or_o prevention_n that_o be_v every_o one_o may_v endeavour_v so_o long_o to_o subject_v all_o other_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n as_o he_o see_v any_o man_n leave_v of_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o beware_v that_o be_v as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v one_o man_n leave_v alive_a and_o so_o the_o whole_a earth_n will_v soon_o become_v a_o desert_n and_o the_o common_a sepulchre_n of_o mankind_n for_o no_o man_n can_v provide_v any_o aid_n or_o assistance_n for_o himself_o from_o other_o man_n in_o this_o state_n because_o covenant_n of_o mutual_a faith_n by_o which_o alone_a other_o can_v be_v join_v in_o society_n with_o he_o will_v not_o oblige_v to_o external_a act_n in_o this_o state_n as_o i_o have_v show_v he_o acknowledge_v and_o therefore_o there_o remain_v no_o security_n by_o this_o way_n of_o anticipation_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o security_n in_o nature_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o reason_n and_o conscience_n of_o man_n whether_o this_o be_v not_o more_o likely_a to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n by_o do_v good_a and_o not_o evil_a to_o those_o who_o have_v do_v we_o no_o harm_n than_o by_o mr._n h.'s_n method_n of_o anticipation_n which_o can_v yield_v no_o security_n at_o all_o principle_n x._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v alterable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n §_o 1._o this_o be_v a_o natural_a consequence_n from_o what_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o nothing_o be_v moral_o good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o institution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n yet_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o i_o do_v not_o impose_v upon_o mr._n h._n in_o this_o assertion_n i_o will_v give_v you_o his_o own_o word_n in_o his_o the_o cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 9_o 10._o but_o because_o it_o arise_v from_o civil_a law_n that_o as_o well_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o proper_a right_n to_o himself_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o another_o as_o also_o that_o he_o may_v be_v forbid_v to_o invade_v other_o man_n property_n it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n honour_v thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o defraud_v any_o man_n in_o that_o which_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o law_n thou_o may_v not_o kill_v a_o man_n who_o the_o law_n forbid_v thou_o to_o kill_v thou_o shall_v avoid_v all_o carnal_a copulation_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n thou_o shall_v not_o take_v away_o another_o man_n good_n without_o his_o consent_n thou_o shall_v not_o frustrate_v law_n and_o judgement_n by_o false_a witness_n be_v all_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v true_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n prescribe_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o immplicity_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v say_v before_o cap._n 3._o §_o 2._o command_n compact_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o therefore_o also_o to_o yield_v obedience_n when_o obedience_n be_v covenant_v and_o to_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o when_o it_o be_v define_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n what_o it_o be_v but_o all_o the_o subject_n do_v covenant_n from_o the_o constitution_n ojh_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o his_o command_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n that_o be_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v oblige_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n where_o first_o of_o all_o where_o nature_n give_v all_o thing_n to_o all_o man_n nothing_o be_v another_o and_o therefore_o impossible_a to_o invade_v it_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n where_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a therefore_o also_o all_o carnal_a copulation_n be_v lawful_a three_o where_o there_o be_v a_o state_n of_o war_n it_o be_v then_o lawful_a to_o kill_v any_o man_n four_o where_o all_o thing_n
that_o proceed_n from_o god_n and_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n it_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n require_v to_o a_o law_n that_o the_o defect_n of_o other_o writer_n in_o not_o take_v the_o like_a method_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o mr._n h's_o and_o other_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n this_o law_n not_o be_v give_v in_o any_o sâ—t_a form_n of_o word_n no_o objection_n against_o its_o certainty_n or_o plainness_n sect._n 2._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v know_v even_o by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a mr._n h._n acknowledge_v these_o law_n to_o be_v proper_o so_o as_o proceed_v from_o god_n his_o allow_v that_o those_o law_n oblige_v only_o to_o a_o desire_n or_o endeavour_v of_o the_o mind_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v a_o mere_a evasion_n answer_v to_o his_o objection_n of_o the_o want_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n he_o himself_o have_v obviate_v this_o by_o confess_v in_o his_o leu._n that_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o natural_a reward_n and_o punishment_n if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o law_n than_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a right_n proper_o so_o call_v sect._n 3_o answer_v to_o his_o main_a reason_n that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o external_a act_n for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a security_n that_o if_o this_o be_v a_o sufficient_a objection_n then_o neither_o civil_a law_n will_v oblige_v divine_a punishment_n as_o certain_a as_o humane_a sect._n 4._o that_o man_n great_a security_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n mr._n h._n in_o some_o place_n acknowledge_v that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v fall_v into_o other_o evil_n beside_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o men._n sect._n 5._o two_o reason_n propose_v show_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o mr._n h._n the_o one_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o civil_a sovereign_n concern_v man_n innocency_n till_o accuse_v the_o other_o from_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n of_o a_o much_o great_a insecurity_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o their_o non-observation_n viz._n a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o which_o be_v the_o most_o miserable_a state_n of_o all_o other_o sect._n 6_o 7._o the_o head_n of_o the_o ten_o principle_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v alterable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o consequence_n of_o his_o former_a principle_n that_o nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n his_o argument_n for_o this_o principle_n because_o it_o proceed_v from_o civil_a law_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v distinct_a right_n to_o himself_o as_o also_o shall_v not_o invade_v those_o of_o other_o it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n thou_o shall_v honour_v thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v etc._n etc._n be_v civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prescribe_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o implicit_o for_o the_o same_o law_n command_v all_o compact_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o to_o yield_v obedience_n when_o obedience_n be_v due_a be_v covenant_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o civil_a sovereign_n command_v concern_v these_o thing_n must_v be_v obey_v since_o they_o alone_o can_v appoint_v what_o shall_v be_v you_o or_o another_o or_o what_o shall_v be_v murder_n theft_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 1_o nothing_o write_v by_o mr._n h._n more_o wicked_o or_o loose_o nor_o wherein_o he_o more_o contradict_v himself_o than_o in_o this_o principle_n the_o main_a foundation_n of_o which_o be_v already_o destroy_v no_o compact_n make_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o any_o commonwealth_n which_o can_v be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o dreadful_a consequence_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o the_o contrary_a principle_n mr._n h._n allow_v even_o idolatry_n itself_o to_o be_v lawful_a if_o command_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n that_o the_o secondary_a law_n of_o nature_n can_v never_o contradict_v or_o alter_v those_o that_o be_v prior_n to_o they_o as_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a though_o civil_a law_n may_v restrain_v or_o enlarge_v several_a particular_a instance_n his_o example_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a boy_n answer_v sect._n 2._o a_o conclude_v instance_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o from_o that_o law_n of_o we_o against_o relieve_v wander_a beggar_n sect._n 3_o uncertain_a whether_o mr._n h._n broach_v this_o dangerous_a doctrine_n out_o of_o ignorance_n or_o design_n of_o flatter_a civil_a sovereign_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o he_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n in_o prince_n and_o all_o obligation_n of_o obedience_n in_o subject_n whenever_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rebel_v sect._n 4._o the_o conclusion_n contain_v a_o apology_n for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o confutation_n sect._n 5._o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o the_o moral_a principle_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n de_n cive_z &_o leviathan_n be_v full_o consider_v and_o confute_v introduction_n §_o 1_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v unnecessary_a after_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o prove_v the_o certainty_n and_o constant_a obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n more_o particular_o to_o confute_v the_o principle_n of_o epicurus_n and_o his_o follower_n mr._n h._n it_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n in_o other_o science_n as_o well_o as_o geometry_n rectum_fw-la est_fw-la index_n svi_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la yet_o since_o those_o author_n have_v not_o only_o poison_v the_o world_n with_o their_o pernicious_a tenet_n but_o have_v also_o endeavour_v to_o support_v they_o with_o the_o specious_a appearance_n of_o reason_n and_o argument_n it_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o in_o answer_n to_o these_o reason_n and_o argument_n mr._n h._n the_o reviver_n of_o those_o principle_n in_o this_o age_n have_v bring_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z &_o leviathan_n to_o maintain_v and_o support_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v some_o consideration_n and_o confutation_n of_o they_o as_o far_o as_o they_o contradict_v the_o principle_n we_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o and_o rather_o to_o put_v they_o here_o all_o together_o at_o the_o end_n than_o in_o the_o body_n of_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o there_o they_o will_v not_o only_o have_v interrupt_v the_o coherence_n of_o the_o discourse_n itself_o but_o will_v have_v also_o disturb_v and_o take_v off_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o ordinary_a reader_n for_o who_o i_o chief_o intend_v it_o from_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o connexion_n of_o the_o thing_n therein_o contain_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a rather_o to_o cast_v they_o all_o together_o into_o a_o distinct_a part_n by_o themselves_o since_o if_o you_o be_v master_n of_o that_o former_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n you_o will_v easy_o perceive_v not_o only_o the_o falsehood_n and_o absurdity_n of_o mr._n h_n principle_n but_o that_o it_o be_v from_o his_o ignorance_n or_o inconsideration_n of_o this_o great_a principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n that_o he_o first_o fall_v into_o those_o error_n and_o make_v private_a self-preservation_n not_o only_o the_o first_o motive_n which_o have_v be_v true_a enough_o but_o also_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n which_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o below_o the_o dignity_n not_o only_o of_o a_o philosopher_n but_o a_o man._n i_o have_v therefore_o go_v through_o all_o his_o moral_a principle_n in_o order_n and_o as_o for_o his_o politic_a one_o if_o these_o be_v false_a they_o will_v need_v no_o other_o confutation_n and_o i_o have_v reduce_v they_o into_o certain_a head_n or_o proposition_n and_o have_v true_o give_v you_o this_o sum_n of_o argument_n that_o no_o man_n may_v find_v fault_n with_o i_o for_o misrepresent_v his_o opinion_n principle_n i._n man_n be_v not_o a_o creature_n bear_v apt_a for_o society_n §_o 1._o mr._n h._n in_o his_o philosophical_a element_n or_o treatise_n de_n cive_z chap._n 1._o §_o 2._o lay_n down_o and_o maintain_v this_o principle_n and_o give_v certain_a specious_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o because_o they_o be_v somewhat_o tedious_a and_o divers_a of_o they_o very_o trivial_a i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o contract_v they_o than_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transcribe_v all_o that_o he_o have_v loose_o enough_o lay_v down_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o assertion_n refer_v you_o if_o you_o doubt_v whether_o i_o right_o represent_v his_o meaning_n to_o the_o author_n himself_o in_o the_o place_n