be_v great_a and_o where_o little_a money_n be_v there_o the_o prize_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v less_o and_o grow_v low_a hence_o it_o be_v &_o will_v be_v say_v this_o proverb_n regina_fw-la pecunia_fw-la donat_fw-la for_o money_n will_v bear_v rule_n in_o price_n in_o despite_n of_o all_o man_n that_o say_v no._n but_o i_o do_v conjecture_n as_o some_o have_v say_v to_o myself_o some_o in_o this_o assembly_n will_v say_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o all_o good_n or_o merchandize_n go_v out_o of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o come_v in_o shall_v be_v account_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o to_o some_o wise_a man_n do_v seem_v impossible_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n the_o valuation_n or_o rate_n or_o price_n of_o all_o good_n go_v out_o and_o into_o this_o realm_n have_v be_v put_v in_o book_n due_o keep_v in_o every_o port_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o once_o a_o year_n bring_v into_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n office_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o to_o be_v collect_v and_o make_v up_o into_o one_o gross_a sum_n of_o all_o out-bound_a and_o another_o sum_n of_o all_o in-bound_a good_n whereby_o the_o king_n may_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n see_v the_o face_n of_o his_o commonwealth_n whether_o it_o grow_v fat_a or_o lean_a and_o this_o under_o favourable_a correction_n be_v it_o speak_v be_v one_o among_o other_o cause_n wherefore_o custom_n of_o old_a be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o common_a reason_n or_o law_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n that_o attend_v this_o care_n in_o every_o port_n and_o be_v so_o ancient_a that_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o his_o time_n it_o be_v call_v the_o old_a custom_n before_o all_o memory_n of_o record_n this_o may_v suffice_v in_o brevity_n for_o the_o word_n balance_n of_o trade_n second_o merchant-exchange_n merchant-exchange_n the_o word_n exchange_n all_o know_v what_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o change_n merchandize_v exchange_n be_v know_v only_o to_o merchant_n and_o to_o those_o who_o in_o foreign_a travail_n have_v use_v it_o and_o few_o of_o either_o sort_n do_v know_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o equal_a exchange_n of_o coin_n between_o forainer_n and_o we_o exchange_n of_o merchant_n be_v first_o invent_v for_o the_o save_n of_o portage_n and_o keep_v of_o money_n at_o home_n in_o every_o government_n or_o commonwealth_n beside_o the_o hazard_n that_o may_v befall_v in_o carry_v of_o treasure_n as_o luggage_n from_o place_n to_o place_n which_o otherwise_o upon_o every_o several_a contract_n make_v to_o be_v pay_v forraign_o will_v be_v export_v and_o every_o traveller_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v carry_v his_o expend_a money_n with_o he_o but_o now_o if_o by_o equal_a or_o disadvantageous_a exchange_n a_o man_n deliver_v a_o hundred_o pound_n here_o to_o be_v pay_v so_o much_o like_o quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n there_o again_o beyond_o sea_n this_o both_o keep_v the_o money_n at_o home_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o save_v the_o hazard_n in_o carriage_n but_o if_o by_o unequal_a exchange_n a_o gain_n may_v be_v have_v by_o overvalue_a of_o our_o money_n beyond_o sea_n as_o now_o they_o be_v overvalue_v especial_o in_o france_n not_o only_o a_o merchant_n make_v contract_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o a_o traveller_n not_o know_v the_o mystery_n shall_v lose_v ten_o or_o more_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o merchant-observer_n of_o the_o mystery_n for_o the_o gain_n have_v thereby_o export_v the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la but_o more_o special_o gold_n when_o visible_o without_o change_n of_o the_o species_n he_o may_v retain_v ten_o of_o those_o piece_n or_o more_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o there_o with_o 90_o piece_n pay_v the_o hundred_o piece_n receive_v here_o and_o this_o be_v the_o overt_a or_o open_a fallacy_n now_o too_o frequent_a in_o france_n practise_v upon_o or_o by_o the_o denomination_n of_o that_o coin_n but_o there_o be_v another_o more_o secret_a which_o be_v practise_v by_o exchanger_n to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o coin_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o prince_n coin_n be_v not_o alike_o for_o some_o have_v more_o alloy_n or_o copper_n mix_v with_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n which_o be_v a_o long_a discourse_n to_o enter_v into_o and_o upon_o agitation_n of_o this_o business_n of_o exchange_n will_v be_v open_v sufficient_o there_o be_v only_o two_o chief_a way_n of_o deceit_n denomination_n or_o open_a deceit_n the_o second_o intrinsic_a or_o inward_a value_n consist_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o copper_n more_o or_o less_o put_v into_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n also_o take_v this_o with_o you_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o money_n can_v neither_o be_v advance_v in_o denomination_n nor_o a_o pound_n troy_n or_o a_o ounce_n be_v make_v into_o more_o piece_n of_o silver_n nor_o debase_v by_o put_v more_o copper_n or_o alloy_n without_o general_a detriment_n to_o the_o republic_n a_o perilous_a thing_n to_o deal_v withal_o without_o doubt_n and_o most_o special_o in_o land_n commonweal_n and_o wherefore_o more_o in_o land_n commonweal_n then_o in_o maritime_a and_o merchandize_v commonweal_n you_o must_v be_v tell_v or_o you_o will_v not_o believe_v merchant_n can_v immediate_o change_v with_o the_o changer_n without_o detriment_n the_o merchant_n can_v immediate_o set_v price_n of_o his_o merchandise_n according_a to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o money_n and_o the_o artificer_n and_o labourer_n set_v a_o price_n according_a to_o his_o labour_n or_o hire_v which_o can_v be_v do_v in_o a_o land-state_n more_o especial_o in_o our_o commonwealth_n which_o i_o forbear_v for_o the_o present_a till_o i_o show_v the_o inconvenience_n or_o mischief_n that_o will_v follow_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o mint_n and_o will_v be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o undertake_v any_o such_o thing_n moreover_o because_o our_o gold_n may_v not_o be_v see_v too_o visible_o and_o make_v too_o great_a a_o show_n in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o there_o be_v order_n to_o bring_v in_o the_o foreign_a gold_n so_o fast_o as_o may_v be_v to_o be_v re-mynted_n again_o in_o their_o mynt_n in_o france_n they_o do_v mint_n double_a and_o treble_a and_o quatreble_a piece_n call_v they_o lowyzen_n and_o mint_n they_o after_o the_o proportion_n of_o fifteen_o to_o one_o of_o silver_n we_o hold_v in_o our_o proportion_n thirteen_o to_o one_o or_o a_o little_a more_o which_o very_a mint_n be_v able_a by_o that_o mean_n to_o draw_v all_o our_o gold_n away_o even_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v so_o fast_o as_o can_v be_v glean_v if_o remedy_n be_v not_o provide_v therein_o now_o this_o observation_n follow_v offer_v itself_o to_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o if_o this_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v not_o observe_v aright_o gold_n may_v buy_v out_o silver_n and_o silver_n may_v buy_v out_o gold_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v deprive_v of_o both_o the_o raise_n of_o gold_n here_o do_v cause_n more_o gold_n than_o silver_n to_o come_v to_o the_o mint_n and_o by_o the_o same_o mean_v it_o be_v call_v from_o we_o into_o france_n which_o plain_o show_v that_o the_o raise_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o disproportion_v one_o by_o another_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o prove_v no_o better_a in_o the_o end_n then_o a_o fallacy_n as_o enhance_a and_o debase_v and_o so_o they_o all_o be_v and_o the_o truth_n be_v no_o state_n stand_v sure_a that_o stand_v not_o on_o the_o ground_n and_o rule_n of_o right_a here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o silver_n prize_v gold_n and_o gold_n prize_v not_o silver_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o silver_n be_v of_o more_o common_a use_n though_o gold_n be_v more_o esteem_v of_o rich_a man_n according_a to_o the_o common_a adage_n bonum_fw-la quo_fw-la communius_fw-la eo_fw-la melius_fw-la it_o be_v also_o better_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o more_o silver_n than_o gold_n be_v mynt_v for_o silver_n be_v not_o so_o hasty_o nor_o easy_o export_v as_o gold_n will_v be_v and_o there_o will_v be_v always_o some_o canker-worm_n or_o money-broker_n to_o export_v silver_n or_o gold_n so_o long_o as_o trade_n be_v for_o remedy_n of_o which_o there_o must_v be_v some_o allowance_n make_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n notwithstanding_o all_o diligent_a watch_n that_o may_v be_v and_o great_a reward_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o discoverer_n chap_n iii_o but_o somtehe_v else_o come_v to_o mind_n which_o be_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o befall_v our_o state_n when_o our_o money_n be_v raise_v or_o make_v little_a the_o move_a of_o our_o mintmu_v either_o be_v in_o embase_v the_o gold_n or_o sylver_n or_o advance_v it_o in_o denomination_n or_o diminish_v it_o by_o the_o shears_n but_o back_o it_o can_v be_v bring_v when_o once_o it_o be_v raise_v and_o have_v obtain_v currency_n it_o be_v a_o
great_a britain_n remembrancer_n look_v in_o and_o out_o tend_v to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o money_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n present_v to_o his_o highness_n the_o lord_z protector_n and_o to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n now_o assemble_v by_o the_o author_n ralphe_n maddison_n kt._o london_n print_v by_o tho._n newcomb_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o humphrey_n moseley_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1655._o to_o his_o highness_n the_o lord_n protector_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n now_o assemble_v may_v it_o please_v your_o highness_n and_o this_o honourable_a parliament_n two_o potent_a passion_n do_v extreme_o assault_v i_o at_o once_o grief_n and_o desire_n grief_n to_o see_v the_o wall_n of_o our_o city_n so_o much_o waste_v and_o the_o sinew_n of_o our_o commonwealth_n so_o much_o enfeeble_v by_o the_o export_v our_o money_n of_o late_a year_n coin_a the_o quantity_n whereof_o will_v true_o appear_v if_o you_o please_v to_o be_v certify_v from_o the_o record_n of_o the_o mint_n it_o be_v give_v out_o many_o million_o almost_o all_o export_v but_o our_o wear_v and_o clip_v silver_n and_o most_o of_o our_o gold_n the_o mint_n at_o a_o late_a stand_n which_o one_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o overthrow_v our_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o bring_v we_o under_o the_o command_n of_o stranger_n and_o the_o stand_v of_o the_o mint_n have_v continue_v if_o the_o prize_v take_v from_o the_o dutch_a by_o our_o sea-sword_n have_v not_o set_v it_o a-work_o and_o will_v stand_v again_o if_o remedy_n be_v not_o have_v both_o in_o provide_v work_n for_o the_o mint_n and_o keep_v our_o money_n from_o unlawful_a exportation_n when_o we_o have_v it_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o remedy_n be_v feasable_a for_o the_o like_a have_v be_v do_v heretofore_o when_o it_o be_v evil_a with_o we_o it_o be_v cure_v by_o the_o hand_n and_o rule_v of_o a_o woman_n who_o fame_n and_o name_n will_v never_o die_v to_o speak_v brief_o she_o banish_v base_a money_n out_o of_o england_n she_o set_v the_o low-countries_n at_o liberty_n by_o send_v a_o army_n of_o man_n and_o money_n to_o relieve_v they_o and_o lend_v more_o than_o a_o million_o to_o the_o unite_a low-country_n man_n the_o like_a she_o do_v to_o the_o assistant_n of_o henry_n of_o bourbon_n after_o surname_v henry_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr for_o who_o i_o myself_o do_v lift_v up_o my_o right_a hand_n who_o after_o the_o stroke_n of_o seventeen_o battle_n in_o his_o own_o person_n obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o france_n beside_o she_o have_v long_a war_n in_o ireland_n and_o fourteen_o year_n sea-war_n with_o spain_n to_o some_o whereof_o i_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n she_o die_v rich_a in_o good_a debt_n owe_v she_o rich_a in_o love_n of_o her_o subject_n her_o purse_n be_v not_o empty_a and_o her_o land_n at_o her_o death_n full_a of_o coin_n and_o silver-plate_n which_o be_v coin_v late_o the_o mint-record_n can_v tell_v when_o this_o i_o recount_v with_o grief_n to_o have_v see_v our_o mint_n stand_v and_o likely_a to_o stand_v again_o the_o want_n of_o obtain_v and_o retention_n of_o this_o good_a food_n of_o art_n and_o labour_n the_o sinew_n of_o war_n and_o fomenter_n of_o peace_n will_v make_v a_o public_a heart_n to_o sorrow_n and_o grieve_v nevertheless_o my_o desire_n mix_v with_o hope_n do_v abate_v the_o grief_n what_o be_v pass_v can_v be_v recall_v but_o error_n past_a may_v be_v amend_v for_o the_o which_o i_o humble_o present_a to_o your_o highness_n and_o this_o honourable_a assembly_n some_o crude_a or_o indigested_a proposal_n by_o your_o wisdom_n to_o be_v alter_v fortify_v and_o amend_v as_o your_o highness_n and_o this_o honourable_a assembly_n shall_v think_v fit_a and_o commodious_a for_o these_o time_n and_o whereas_o heretofore_o two_o thing_n be_v propound_v under_o the_o kingly_a government_n viz._n the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n and_o now_o three_o thing_n more_o under_o a_o commonwealth_n viz._n a_o bank_n a_o council_n of_o mint-affair_n free_a port_n a_o short_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v which_o i_o humble_o refer_v to_o your_o highness_n judgement_n when_o government_n do_v change_v reason_n do_v change_v likewise_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o monarchy_n and_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v many_o and_o great_a which_o i_o refer_v to_o hugo_n grotius_n to_o expatiate_v so_o pray_v to_o god_n to_o prosper_v your_o labour_n in_o all_o happiness_n i_o remain_v your_o humble_a and_o devote_a suppliant_a ralphe_n maddison_n kt._o before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o particular_a discourse_n of_o mynt-affair_n i_o do_v humble_o conceive_v in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o behove_v to_o show_v the_o compose_n of_o weight_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o no_o discourse_n of_o mynt-cause_n can_v be_v understand_v cap._n i._n compose_v of_o weight_n silver_n weight_n be_v thus_o compose_v a_o pound_n troy_n contain_v 12_o ounce_n a_o ounce_n contain_v twenty_o penny_n weight_n a_o penny_n weight_n contain_v 24_o grain_n of_o wheat_n take_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o wheat-ear_n and_o è_fw-fr converse_n 24_o grain_n take_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o wheat-ear_n do_v make_v a_o pennyweight_n twenty-penny_n weight_n do_v make_v a_o ounce_n and_o 12_o ounce_n do_v make_v a_o pound_n troy_n where_o note_n that_o a_o pound_n tale_n be_v but_o 4_o ounce_n which_o before_o king_n henry_n the_o 6._o his_o time_n be_v all_o one_o with_o a_o pound_n troy_n he_o than_o raise_v it_o by_o prerogative_n to_o 30_o penny_n the_o ounce_n which_o cause_v the_o price_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o pass_v at_o that_o price_n in_o currant_n payment_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o a_o pound_n weight_n troy_n to_o pass_v at_o 30_o penny_n which_o before_o be_v but_o 20_o penny_n thus_o by_o divide_v the_o ounce_n troy_n into_o so_o many_o more_o price_n he_o lose_v so_o much_o in_o his_o revenue_n custom_n and_o other_o duty_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o he_o have_v multiply_v his_o penny_n in_o number_n and_o this_o be_v call_v raise_v of_o the_o coin_n in_o denomination_n and_o in_o success_n of_o time_n between_o henry_n the_o 6._o and_o edward_n the_o 6._o his_o time_n the_o ounce_n be_v raise_v to_o 60_o penny_n and_o so_o it_o remain_v ever_o since_o constant_a notwithstanding_o the_o raise_n of_o it_o in_o foreign_a part_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n of_o our_o former_a raising_n fallacy_n a_o temporary_a remedy_n be_v but_o a_o fallacy_n that_o raise_v of_o the_o ounce_n troy_n be_v but_o a_o temporary_a remedy_n to_o keep_v the_o money_n at_o home_n and_o stand_v in_o stead_n or_o continue_v no_o long_o than_o they_o raise_v again_o beyond-sea_n this_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o weight_n of_o silver_n consist_v of_o 60_o penny_n the_o ounce_n troy_n 12_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n troy_n the_o gold_n pound_n be_v the_o same_o in_o weight_n with_o the_o silver_n be_v otherwise_o compose_v in_o other_o term_n as_o thus_o the_o gold_n cast_v away_o the_o name_n of_o pennyweight_n thus_o a_o pound_n weight_n of_o troy_n of_o pure_a gold_n be_v say_v to_o contain_v or_o consist_v of_o 24_o carrat_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la contain_v 4_o grain_n 2_o carrat_n and_o a_o ounce_n be_v one_o weight_n a_o grain_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n be_v one_o weight_n next_o follow_v in_o order_n to_o know_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o mixture_n or_o fineness_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o first_o of_o silver_n because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a market-man_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o money_n be_v make_v of_o pure_a silver_n in_o no_o mynt_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o its_o purity_n the_o silver_n be_v as_o flexible_a as_o lead_v almost_o and_o therefore_o not_o so_o useful_a in_o its_o purity_n as_o when_o it_o be_v something_o 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denomination_n so_o then_o and_o now_o it_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v the_o same_o in_o debase_v the_o coin_n as_o it_o be_v in_o denomination_n but_o a_o temporary_a remedy_n and_o to_o no_o purpose_n but_o extreme_a hurt_n as_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o raise_v the_o coin_n by_o denomination_n or_o debase_v of_o it_o by_o alloy_n or_o copper_n which_o will_v be_v all_o one_o and_o work_v alike_o in_o effect_n so_o then_o you_o have_v the_o weight_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o composition_n thereof_o in_o your_o understanding_n and_o memory_n it_o remain_v to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o almost_o all_o prince_n coin_n do_v differ_v in_o fineness_n or_o mixture_n few_o do_v agree_v just_a together_o in_o as_o much_o as_o spain_n when_o it_o have_v the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n have_v four_o mynt_n and_o more_o under_o his_o dominion_n or_o command_n two_o in_o the_o west-indies_n mexico_n and_o peru_n and_o 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