whence_o also_o for_o large_a screw_n there_o be_v no_o wood_n like_o it_o but_o for_o small_a screw_n of_o about_o a_o inch_n diameter_n birch_n be_v the_o best_a as_o be_v though_o not_o so_o hard_a yet_o more_o tough_a the_o more_o brittle_a a_o wood_n be_v it_o be_v likewise_o usual_o the_o most_o durable_a so_o oak_n which_o be_v not_o a_o tough_a but_o very_o brittle_a wood_n be_v almost_o as_o durable_a as_o any_o whereas_o beech_n birch_n and_o the_o like_a although_o very_o tough_a yet_o for_o duration_n be_v of_o no_o service_n for_o there_o be_v no_o wood_n will_v rot_v soon_o and_o therefore_o though_o strong_a enough_o yet_o unfit_a to_o make_v any_o stand_a part_n of_o building_n or_o of_o furniture_n especial_o in_o wet_a and_o moist_a place_n because_o be_v as_o be_v say_v unoylie_o wood_n they_o be_v apt_a to_o imbibe_n the_o moisture_n even_o of_o a_o dank_a air_n by_o which_o moisture_n they_o either_o rot_v or_o breed_v worm_n which_o destroy_v they_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o what_o we_o call_v the_o heart_n of_o timber_n as_o it_o be_v more_o brittle_a so_o also_o more_o durable_a sc_n because_o more_o oily_a so_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o sap_n of_o oak_n be_v much_o more_o tough_a than_o the_o heart_n although_o the_o heart_n be_v more_o durable_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o old_a the_o wood_n be_v the_o watery_a part_n be_v the_o more_o evaporate_v the_o oily_a still_o remain_v as_o a_o kind_n of_o tincture_n in_o the_o wood._n even_o as_o we_o see_v that_o the_o old_a seed_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v more_o oily_a than_o those_o that_o be_v green_a and_o young_a so_o that_o the_o oily_a or_o rosinous_a part_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o embalm_v to_o the_o heart_n or_o old_a part_n of_o a_o tree_n secure_v it_o from_o the_o destructive_a impression_n of_o the_o air._n for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o oak_n yew_n cocus_n guajacum_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v oily_a wood_n have_v always_o much_o heart_n whereas_o birch_n alder_n beech_n maple_n which_o be_v very_o unoylie_o have_v never_o any_o heart_n from_o hence_o likewise_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o toughness_n of_o flax_n what_o we_o call_v flax_n be_v only_o the_o sap-vessel_n of_o the_o bark_n and_o general_o the_o bark_n of_o any_o tree_n as_o of_o willow_n whereof_o be_v usual_o make_v a_o sort_n of_o rope_n be_v very_o tough_a the_o vessel_n be_v here_o young_a and_o less_o oily_a than_o in_o the_o wood._n so_o likewise_o hemp_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o sap-vessel_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o plant_n so_o call_v and_o scotch-cloath_n be_v only_o the_o housewifry_n of_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o nettle_n whence_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o there_o be_v many_o other_o plant_n as_o well_o as_o the_o above_o name_v whereof_o may_v be_v make_v good_a toe_n and_o of_o some_o especial_o in_o some_o respect_n better_a than_o of_o flax_n itself_o because_o that_o even_a hemp_n although_o it_o will_v not_o make_v so_o fine_a a_o staple_n as_o flax_n for_o all_o our_o fine_a holland_n be_v make_v of_o flax_n yet_o flax_n which_o be_v but_o of_o the_o same_o fineness_n as_o hemp_n will_v never_o by_o all_o the_o art_n yet_o know_v be_v make_v so_o white_a as_o hemp_n be_v make_v the_o quality_n therefore_o of_o the_o best_a toe_n that_o can_v be_v in_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o staple_n be_v long_o small_a tough_a and_o white_a so_o that_o if_o in_o the_o bark_n of_o any_o plant_n we_o can_v find_v these_o quality_n to_o excel_v we_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o will_v be_v of_o better_a use_n in_o some_o respect_n for_o the_o make_n of_o cloth_n than_o flax_n itself_o i_o will_v conclude_v with_o one_o instance_n more_o &_o that_o be_v as_o to_o graft_v the_o good_a and_o happy_a success_n whereof_o do_v certain_o depend_v upon_o the_o suitableness_n or_o respondence_n betwixt_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o cyon_n as_o the_o bark_n wood_n and_o pith_n and_o that_o both_o as_o to_o the_o number_n size_n and_o position_n of_o the_o say_a part_n and_o of_o their_o several_a pore_n or_o vessel_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n whereof_o the_o conjunction_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la will_v be_v more_o or_o less_o prosperous_a so_o that_o of_o all_o such_o conjunction_n as_o be_v find_v to_o be_v apt_a and_o take_v and_o which_o some_o have_v learn_v not_o without_o long_a practice_n and_o experience_n another_o only_o by_o compare_v the_o branch_n of_o tree_n together_o may_v with_o little_a trouble_n and_o in_o much_o less_o time_n inform_v himself_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n some_o conjunction_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v strange_a as_o quince_n and_o pear_n white-thorn_n and_o medlar_n etc._n etc._n do_v yet_o by_o the_o respondence_n of_o their_o part_n as_o well_o as_o by_o experience_n appear_v to_o be_v good_a and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o many_o conjunction_n not_o yet_o try_v or_o not_o know_v to_o have_v be_v so_o may_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n be_v try_v with_o good_a success_n the_o chief_a use_n of_o graft_v and_o inoculation_n be_v that_o they_o accelerate_v the_o growth_n of_o good_a fruit_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v the_o knot_n which_o be_v always_o make_v in_o the_o conjunction_n by_o mean_n whereof_o all_o the_o sap_n be_v strain_v and_o so_o ascend_v up_o into_o the_o graff_n or_o bud_n pure_a and_o in_o less_o quantity_n and_o be_v therefore_o better_a and_o soon_o concoct_v hence_o the_o small_a the_o fruit_n of_o any_o tree_n though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o best_a yet_o the_o sap_n be_v there_o in_o less_o quantity_n be_v the_o soon_o ripe_v on_o the_o contrary_a where_o the_o sap_n ascend_v too_o free_o it_o do_v not_o only_o retard_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o produce_v barrenness_n as_o be_v see_v in_o those_o luxuriant_a branch_n where_o it_o run_v all_o up_o to_o leave_n hence_o also_o vine_n by_o bleed_v become_v more_o fruitful_a that_o be_v by_o the_o effusion_n of_o part_n of_o the_o sap_n there_o be_v a_o more_o easy_a melioration_n of_o that_o which_o remain_v even_o as_o phlebotomy_n do_v oftentimes_o produce_v a_o more_o healthful_a and_o better_a habit_n of_o our_o own_o body_n to_o conclude_v the_o lessen_v the_o quantity_n and_o thereby_o the_o melioration_n of_o the_o ascend_a sap_n by_o knot_n be_v nature_n own_o contrivance_n as_o be_v see_v in_o sugar_n cane_n corn_n and_o other_o plant_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n the_o trunk_n of_o several_a plant_n as_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o naked_a eye_n upon_o a_o transverse_a section_n represent_v by_o the_o six_o first_o figure_n fig._n 1._o represent_v the_o trunk_n of_o borage_n aaa_o the_o skin_n ccc_o the_o bark_n the_o black_a line_n betwixt_o ccc_o ooo_o represent_v a_o ring_n of_o sap-vessel_n on_o the_o inner_a verge_n of_o the_o bark_n ce_fw-fr one_o of_o the_o large_a parcel_n of_o air-vessel_n adjacent_a to_o the_o say_a ring_n of_o sap-vessel_n co_fw-la some_o of_o the_o lesser_a parcel_n oeo_fw-la the_o pith_n wherein_o the_o visiculae_fw-la be_v vesible_a to_o a_o naked_a eye_n t._n the_o hollow_a of_o the_o pith._n fig._n 2._o represent_v the_o trunk_n of_o taraxacum_n or_o dandelyon_n aaa_o the_o skin_n ccc_o the_o outer_a part_n of_o the_o bark_n without_o any_o vessel_n in_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o bark_n stand_v the_o sap-vessel_n in_o several_a small_a ring_n from_o eee_o to_o the_o thick_a ring_n next_o to_o u_o the_o thick_a ring_n consist_v of_o air-vessel_n u._fw-mi the_o pith._n eucu_fw-la the_o diametral_a portion_n of_o the_o bark_n run_v betwixt_o all_o the_o vessel_n into_o the_o pith._n fig._n 3._o represent_v the_o trunk_n of_o colewort_n aaa_o the_o skin_n ccc_o the_o outer_a part_n of_o the_o bark_n have_v only_o a_o very_a few_o sap-vessel_n the_o white_a arch_a or_o escallope_v ring_n be_v simple_o parenchymous_n from_o whence_o many_o small_a diametral_a portion_n run_v into_o the_o pith._n the_o black_a ring_n betwixt_o cecece_n consist_v of_o sap-vessel_n and_o be_v the_o true_a inner_a edge_n of_o the_o bark_n all_o the_o little_a black_a half_a oval_n without_o the_o say_a ring_n and_o their_o to_o contiguous_a be_v another_o kind_n of_o sap-vessel_n all_o the_o half_a oval_n and_o wedge_v parcel_n within_o the_o say_a ring_n and_o thereto_o contiguous_a be_v more_o sap-vessel_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n the_o white_a spot_n within_o the_o several_a parcel_n of_o sap-vessel_n in_o the_o bark_n be_v parenchymous_n the_o other_o white_a spot_n within_o the_o black_a ring_n of_o sap-vessel_n and_o thereto_o adjacent_a be_v air-vessel_n eee_o the_o pith._n fig._n 4._o represent_v the_o trunk_n of_o holy-oak_n aaa_o the_o skin_n ccc_o the_o outer_a and_o
a_o plant_n come_v to_o have_v oil_n in_o all_o its_o part_n p._n 61._o by_o what_o mean_v a_o milky_a sap_n be_v make_v p._n 63_o 64._o how_o the_o liquor_n of_o plant_n come_v to_o be_v white_a p._n 64._o all_o the_o milky_a liquor_n of_o plant_n more_o oily_a prove_v p._n 65._o what_o a_o rosin_n proper_o so_o call_v p._n 65._o what_o a_o gum_n p._n 66._o what_o a_o mucilage_n p._n 66._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o figuration_n of_o trunk_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o shrub_n p._n 68_o of_o a_o tall_a tree_n p._n 69._o of_o a_o slender_n and_o of_o a_o thick_a tree_n p._n 69._o whence_o trunk_n round_o or_o angular_a p._n 70._o chap._n 6._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o trunk_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o trunk_n p._n 71._o of_o their_o descent_n into_o the_o ground_n p._n 71_o 72._o of_o their_o horizontal_n motion_n p._n 72._o of_o their_o spiral_n motion_n p._n 73._o whence_o solar_a and_o lunar_a plant_n distinguish_v p._n 73._o chap._n 7._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o trunk_n as_o various_o fit_v for_o mechanical_a use_n whence_o wood_n be_v soft_a and_o with_o what_o difference_n p._n 74_o 75._o whence_o they_o be_v fast_o p._n 75._o fast_o and_o hard_a p._n 76._o clevesome_a p._n 76._o tough_a p._n 77._o durable_a p._n 77._o why_o the_o heart_n of_o timber_n most_o durable_a and_o why_o some_o tree_n have_v heart_n and_o not_o other_o p._n 78._o whence_o the_o toughness_n of_o flax_n p._n 79._o what_o sort_n of_o plant_n serve_v for_o the_o best_a toe_n p._n 79._o how_o all_o prosperous_a conjunction_n in_o graft_n may_v be_v know_v p._n 80._o the_o use_n of_o graft_n p._n 81._o errata_fw-la pag._n 7._o line_n 2._o for_o sight_n read_v light_n p._n 9_o l._n 24._o r._n upon_o or_o near_o p._n 11._o l._n 18._o r._n cutis_fw-la p._n 22._o l._n 27._o for_o many_o r._n any_o p._n 28._o l_o 1_o r._n but_o always_o p._n 29._o l._n 25._o r._n branchiae_fw-la l._n 27._o r._n be_v of_o p._n 32._o l._n 17._o r._n lacteal_v p._n 39_o l._n ult_n r._n conformation_n p._n 42._o l._n 14._o deal_n the._n p._n 44._o l._n 15._o r._n not_o from_o the_o bark_n but_o the_o air-vessel_n in_o the_o wood_n p._n 45._o l._n 7._o r._n also_o p._n 48._o l._n 8._o r._n reception_n p._n 49._o l._n 10._o r._n whereas_o p._n 57_o l._n 7._o r._n moist_a p._n 72._o l._n 20._o r._n stand_v the_o comparative_a anatomy_n of_o trunk_n chap._n i._n to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v know_v and_o clear_o understand_v what_o the_o trunk_n stalk_v or_o branch_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v i_o shall_v by_o these_o figure_n here_o before_o we_o describe_v the_o several_a part_n whereof_o it_o be_v compound_v and_o for_o example_n sake_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n describe_v the_o trunk_n of_o six_o several_a kind_n of_o plant_n as_o they_o appear_v to_o and_o be_v observable_a by_o the_o naked_a eye_n which_o have_v do_v i_o shall_v next_o proceed_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a description_n of_o divers_a other_o trunk_n and_o branch_n as_o they_o appear_v through_o the_o microscope_n i_o make_v use_v of_o in_o both_o show_n not_o only_o what_o their_o several_a part_n be_v as_o belong_v to_o a_o branch_n but_o also_o by_o a_o comparative_a prospect_n in_o what_o respect_v they_o be_v specifical_o distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o in_o the_o several_a species_n of_o branch_n let_v the_o first_o trunk_n then_o to_o be_v describe_v be_v that_o of_o borage_n in_o a_o slice_n whereof_o cut_v transvers_o appear_v first_o a_o tough_a yet_o fine_a and_o transparent_a skin_n within_o this_o skin_n there_o be_v also_o a_o slender_a ring_n of_o sap-vessel_n which_o without_o be_v crush_v in_o the_o least_o do_v yield_v a_o lympha_fw-la next_o stand_v the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o bark_n which_o be_v every_o where_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o very_o small_a bubble_n or_o vesicles_n upon_o the_o inner_a verge_n of_o this_o parenchyma_n stand_v another_o ring_n of_o sap-vessel_n which_o also_o yield_v a_o lympha_fw-la and_o that_o different_a as_o be_v probable_a from_o the_o lympha_fw-la in_o the_o utmost_a ring_n hitherto_o go_v the_o bark_n adjacent_a to_o the_o ring_n of_o sap-vessel_n on_o the_o inner_a verge_n of_o the_o bark_n stand_v the_o air-vessel_n on_o the_o outer_a verge_n of_o the_o pith._n not_o in_o a_o ring_n but_o in_o several_a parcel_n some_o parcel_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o little_a speck_n other_o in_o little_a arch_a line_n almost_o like_o a_o five_o consonant_a and_o be_v view_v in_o a_o good_a glass_n there_o appear_v to_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o every_o large_a speck_n about_o 20_o or_o 30_o air-vessel_n and_o within_o the_o small_a about_o 8_o or_o 10._o the_o pith_n in_o a_o well_o grow_v stalk_n be_v always_o hollow_a but_o original_o it_o be_v entire_a it_o be_v whole_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o vesiculae_fw-la be_v pentangular_a sexangular_a and_o septangular_a and_o most_o of_o they_o large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o bark_n so_o as_o to_o be_v plain_o visible_a to_o a_o naked_a eye_n let_v the_o next_o be_v taraxacum_n or_o dandelyon_n in_o a_o slice_n whereof_o cut_v alike_o transvers_o be_v see_v first_o a_o skin_n than_o a_o simple_a white_a and_o close_a parenchyma_n make_v up_o likewise_o of_o vesiculae_fw-la but_o those_o exceed_a small_a within_o this_o white_a and_o thick_a parenchymous_a ring_n stand_v the_o milk-vessel_n in_o several_a distinct_a column_n of_o different_a size_n each_o column_n be_v make_v up_o of_o 7._o or_o 8._o arch_a line_n betwixt_o these_o column_n run_v as_o many_o diametral_a portion_n derive_v from_o the_o say_v white_a and_o thick_a parenchyma_n into_o or_o towards_o the_o pith._n next_o within_o these_o stand_v the_o air-vessel_n which_o be_v likewise_o divide_v by_o the_o say_v diametral_a portion_n into_o divers_a arch_a line_n the_o size_n of_o these_o vessel_n as_o well_o as_o their_o number_n be_v less_o than_o in_o borage_n within_o these_o stand_v the_o pith_n consist_v of_o very_o small_a bubble_n or_o vesicles_n as_o the_o bark_n it_o be_v very_o small_a the_o diameter_n hereof_o be_v scarce_o one_o five_o of_o that_o of_o the_o pith_n of_o borage_n but_o the_o bark_n of_o borage_n be_v not_o half_a so_o thick_a as_o this_o of_o dandelyon_n a_o three_o trunk_n shall_v be_v that_o of_o colewort_n wherein_o cut_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o before_o may_v be_v observe_v first_o a_o skin_n next_o to_o which_o a_o very_a close_a and_o darkish_a parenchyma_n wherewith_o be_v mix_v some_o few_o sap-vessel_n which_o give_v it_o that_o hue_n within_o this_o stand_v a_o scallope_v parenchymous_a ring_n or_o a_o ring_n of_o many_o short_a and_o slender_a white_a arch_n which_o every_o where_o meet_v together_o run_v in_o so_o many_o white_a diametral_a portion_n into_o the_o pith._n next_o to_o the_o say_v white_a arch_n and_o betwixt_o the_o say_a diametral_a portion_n stand_v as_o many_o small_a parcel_n of_o sap-vessel_n like_v so_o many_o little_a half-ovals_a within_o each_o of_o which_o be_v include_v a_o white_a parenchyma_n on_o the_o inner_a verge_n of_o the_o bark_n stand_v another_o sort_n of_o sap-vessel_n in_o one_o slender_a and_o entire_a ring_n and_o so_o far_o go_v the_o bark_n next_o within_o this_o ring_n stand_v the_o air-vessel_n in_o several_a parcel_n diametrical_o opposite_a to_o the_o say_v parenchymous_a parcel_n next_o without_o the_o sap-ring_n last_o of_o all_o and_o more_o within_o the_o pith_n stand_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o sap-vessel_n as_o those_o of_o the_o half-ovals_a both_o these_o by_o small_a line_n run_v one_o into_o another_o thus_o on_o both_o side_n hem_v in_o the_o air-vessel_n and_o so_o make_v altogether_o so_o many_o little_a pyramid_n let_v a_o four_o be_v holyoak_n wherein_o be_v cut_v as_o before_o next_o to_o the_o skin_n stand_v the_o parenchyma_n somewhat_o close_o and_o in_o proportion_n thick_a towards_o the_o inner_a verge_n hereof_o stand_v one_o sort_n of_o sap-vessel_n posture_v in_o short_a ray_n these_o vessel_n yield_v a_o mucilage_n and_o on_o the_o inner_a verge_n of_o the_o bark_n stand_v a_o thin_a ring_n of_o other_o sap-vessel_n next_o within_o the_o bark_n stand_v the_o air-vessel_n posture_v likewise_o in_o short_a ray_n diametrical_o opposite_a to_o those_o in_o the_o bark_n in_o every_o ray_n there_o be_v about_o 12._o or_o 16._o vessel_n last_o and_o more_o within_o the_o pith_n there_o stand_v other_o sap-vessel_n all_o in_o very_o thin_a or_o slender_a chord_n thus_o hem_v in_o the_o several_a parcel_n of_o air-vessel_n for_o a_o five_o i_o will_v take_v that_o of_o wild_a cucumer_n wherein_o first_o of_o all_o next_o to_o the_o skin_n there_o be_v a_o ring_n of_o sap-vessel_n which_o ring_n be_v also_o make_v up_o of_o ray_n all_o point_v to_o and_o
wood._n and_o if_o it_o be_v crush_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n about_o a_o inch_n lower_v it_o will_v ascend_v out_o of_o every_o ring_n of_o wood_n to_o the_o centre_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o be_v to_o be_v note_v there_o arise_v no_o sap_n at_o all_o out_o of_o the_o bark_n which_o show_v the_o error_n of_o that_o so_o common_a opinion_n that_o the_o sap_n always_o rise_v betwixt_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o spring_n it_o rise_v neither_o betwixt_o the_o wood_n and_o bark_n nor_o in_o the_o bark_n but_o only_o in_o the_o wood._n the_o three_o part_n by_o which_o the_o sap_n ascend_v be_v the_o bark_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o almost_o any_o branch_n cut_v cross_a in_o the_o late_a spring_n and_o summer_n either_o as_o the_o sap_n issue_v spontaneous_o or_o upon_o crush_a as_o aforesaid_a so_o that_o when_o the_o sap_n cease_v to_o ascend_v sub_fw-la forma_fw-la liquoris_fw-la by_o the_o wood_n than_o it_o begin_v to_o ascend_v by_o the_o bark_n beside_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n the_o organical_a part_n likewise_o by_o which_o these_o two_o sap_v ascend_v be_v divers_a for_o in_o the_o bark_n it_o ascend_v visible_o only_a by_o the_o sap-vessel_n whereas_o in_o the_o wood_n it_o ascend_v only_o by_o the_o air-vessel_n that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o vessel_n in_o the_o wood_n which_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o spring_n do_v often_o time_n carry_v liquor_n when_o the_o tree_n begin_v to_o thrive_v and_o many_o new_a part_n to_o be_v form_v and_o feed_v be_v fill_v only_o with_o air_n sc_n a_o vegetable_a air._n the_o say_v vessel_n in_o the_o wood_n have_v likewise_o a_o quite_o different_a structure_n be_v compose_v of_o spiral_n but_o those_o in_o the_o bark_n of_o rectilenear_a fiber_n as_o we_o have_v late_o show_v in_o which_o vessel_n of_o the_o bark_n all_o the_o specifical_a liquor_n of_o every_o tree_n be_v chief_o contain_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o bleed_v of_o plant_n if_o we_o take_v it_o general_o it_o proper_o enough_o express_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o sap_n out_o of_o any_o vessel_n and_o so_o almost_o all_o plant_n in_o summer_n time_n do_v bleed_v that_o be_v from_o vessel_n either_o in_o the_o bark_n or_o verge_n of_o the_o pith_n the_o sap_v they_o bleed_v have_v either_o a_o sour_a sweet_a hot_a bitter_a or_o other_o taste_n at_o which_o time_n the_o vessel_n also_o in_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o vine_n branch_n do_v bleed_v a_o sour_a sap_n but_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_o call_v bleed_v as_o in_o a_o vine_n be_v quite_o another_o thing_n both_o as_o to_o the_o liquor_n which_o issue_v and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o issue_v that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o be_v neither_o a_o sweet_a nor_o sour_a but_o tasteless_a sap_n issue_v not_o from_o the_o air-vessel_n in_o the_o bark_n so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o difference_n betwixt_o bleed_v in_o a_o vine_n or_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sap_n in_o any_o other_o tree_n in_o march_n and_o in_o july_n as_o there_o be_v betwixt_o salivation_n and_o a_o haemorrhage_n or_o betwixt_o the_o course_n of_o the_o chyle_n in_o the_o lactiferous_a vessel_n and_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n now_o the_o cause_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o early_a spring_n sap_n of_o a_o vine_n and_o other_o tree_n ascend_v by_o the_o wood_n be_v in_o that_o the_o young_a sap-vessel_n of_o the_o bark_n by_o which_o the_o sap_n ascend_v all_o the_o summer_n be_v as_o yet_o but_o begin_v to_o be_v form_v so_o that_o the_o sap_n have_v not_o yet_o these_o vessel_n to_o receive_v it_o it_o therefore_o run_v up_o the_o air-vessel_n in_o the_o wood._n but_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o say_a vessel_n in_o the_o bark_n begin_v considerable_o to_o increase_v the_o sap_n quit_v the_o air-vessel_n betake_v itself_o to_o these_o as_o its_o most_o proper_a receptacle_n the_o cause_n else_o why_o the_o vessel_n of_o almost_o all_o plant_n upon_o cut_v do_v yield_v sap_n or_o bleed_v be_v the_o pression_n which_o the_o parenchyma_n make_v upon_o they_o for_o the_o pith_n and_o other_o parenchymous_n part_n of_o a_o plant_n have_v upon_o the_o reception_n of_o liquor_n a_o conatus_fw-la to_o dilate_v themselves_o as_o be_v manifest_a from_o sponge_n which_o be_v a_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o have_v a_o somewhat_o like_o structure_n as_o also_o from_o cork_n which_o be_v but_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o a_o plant._n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o the_o parenchyma_n be_v fill_v and_o swell_v with_o sap_n have_v thereby_o a_o continual_a conatus_fw-la to_o dilate_v itself_o and_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n to_o crush_v together_o or_o contract_v the_o vessel_n which_o it_o surround_v and_o the_o say_a vessel_n be_v cut_v their_o actual_a contraction_n and_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o sap_n do_v both_o immediate_o follow_v it_o may_v also_o be_v note_v that_o the_o trunk_n or_o branch_n of_o any_o plant_n be_v cut_v it_o always_o bleed_v at_o both_o end_n upward_o and_o downward_o alike_o free_o which_o as_o well_o as_o divers_a other_o experiment_n plain_o show_v that_o in_o the_o sap-vessel_n of_o a_o plant_n there_o be_v no_o valve_n from_o what_o we_o have_v now_o above_o and_o elsewhere_o former_o say_v we_o may_v also_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o sap._n as_o to_o which_o i_o say_v first_o that_o consider_v to_o what_o height_n and_o plenty_n the_o sap_n sometime_o ascend_v it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a how_o it_o shall_v thus_o ascend_v by_o virtue_n of_o any_o one_o part_n of_o a_o plant_n alone_o that_o be_v neither_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n nor_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o vessel_n alone_o nor_o by_o the_o parenchyma_n alone_o for_o this_o as_o it_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o sponge_n or_o filtre_n to_o suck_v up_o the_o sap_n so_o likewise_o to_o suck_v it_o up_o but_o to_o such_o a_o height_n as_o perhaps_o about_o a_o inch_n or_o two_o and_o no_o more_o nor_o by_o the_o vessel_n alone_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o although_o we_o see_v that_o small_a glass_n pipe_v immerse_v in_o water_n will_v give_v it_o a_o ascent_n for_o some_o inch_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a period_n according_a to_o the_o bear_v of_o the_o pipe_n beyond_o which_o it_o will_v not_o rise_v we_o must_v therefore_o join_v both_o the_o vessel_n and_o the_o parenchyma_n together_o in_o the_o service_n which_o we_o may_v conceive_v perform_v by_o they_o in_o this_o manner_n follow_v let_v ab_fw-la be_v the_o vessel_n of_o a_o plant._n let_v gh_o be_v the_o fiber_n whereof_o it_o be_v compose_v let_v cedf_n be_v a_o number_n of_o vesiculae_fw-la of_o the_o parenchyma_n wherewith_o it_o be_v surround_v i_o say_v then_o that_o the_o sap_n in_o the_o pipe_n basilius_n will_v of_o itself_o rise_v but_o a_o few_o inch_n as_o suppose_v from_o d_o to_z l._n but_o be_v surround_v by_o the_o vesiculae_fw-la dp_v the_o say_v vesiculae_fw-la being_n swell_v with_o sap_n press_v upon_o the_o say_a pipe_n basilius_n which_o be_v pervious_a by_o its_o fiber_n gh_v the_o vesiculae_fw-la at_o the_o same_o time_n filter_n or_o transfuse_v part_n of_o their_o sap_n thereinto_o which_o will_v therefore_o be_v force_v to_o rise_v high_a therein_o and_o the_o say_a pipe_n or_o vessel_n be_v all_o along_o surround_v by_o the_o like_a vesiculae_fw-la the_o sap_n therein_o be_v still_o force_v high_a and_o high_o wherefore_o the_o vesiculae_fw-la of_o the_o parenchyma_n be_v as_o so_o many_o cistern_n of_o liquor_n which_o be_v throughout_o the_o length_n of_o the_o pipe_n contiguous_a to_o it_o afford_v it_o every_o where_o a_o continual_a supply_n of_o sap._n so_o that_o by_o the_o supply_n and_o pressure_n of_o the_o cistern_n or_o vesiculae_fw-la fd_v the_o sap_n rise_v to_o l_o by_o those_o at_o ql_v it_o rise_v to_o m_n by_o those_o at_o nm_n it_o rise_v to_o i_o by_o those_o at_o oi_o it_o rise_v to_o k_o by_o those_o at_o pk_n it_o rise_v to_o e_o and_o so_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sap._n chap._n ii_o the_o next_o enquiry_n to_o be_v make_v be_v into_o the_o motion_n and_o course_n of_o the_o air._n where_o this_o question_n will_v first_o of_o all_o be_v ask_v sc_n which_o way_n the_o air_n first_o enter_v the_o plant_n whether_o at_o the_o trunk_n leave_n and_o other_o part_n above_o ground_n or_o at_o the_o root_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o enter_v in_o part_n at_o they_o all_o for_o the_o inception_n as_o well_o as_o extramission_n whereof_o the_o pore_n be_v so_o very_o large_a in_o the_o trunk_n of_o some_o plant_n as_o in_o the_o better_a
pith_n be_v sometime_o less_o in_o the_o trunk_n than_o in_o the_o branch_n and_o less_o in_o the_o elder_a branch_n than_o in_o the_o young_a and_o sometime_o it_o be_v almost_o whole_o fill_v up_o sometime_o also_o it_o break_v and_o shrink_v up_o thus_o make_v the_o trunk_n a_o pipe_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v either_o the_o largeness_n of_o its_o pore_n or_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o say_a pore_n upon_o both_o which_o account_n the_o pith_n do_v more_o easy_o tear_v and_o upon_o tear_v shrink_v up_o and_o so_o become_v hollow_a as_o in_o cichory_n lampsana_n sonchus_n teasel_n brownwort_n and_o other_o wherein_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o pith_n be_v large_a and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o pore_n thin_a whereas_o upon_o contrary_a account_n the_o pith_n of_o most_o tree_n remain_v perpetual_o entire_a the_o reason_n why_o plant_n be_v make_v thus_o to_o become_v hollow_a be_v partly_o for_o the_o ripen_n of_o the_o fruit_n or_o seed_n which_o be_v the_o better_o effect_v by_o a_o more_o plentiful_a supply_n of_o airâ—â—â—tinually_o â—â—â—tinually_z receive_v into_o their_o hollow_a trunk_n by_o mean_n of_o which_o air_n part_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o it_o make_v warm_a and_o so_o soon_o mature_v partly_o for_o the_o better_a determine_v the_o due_a age_n of_o the_o plant._n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o annual_a trunk_n be_v hollow_a the_o air_n contain_v in_o that_o hollow_a dry_v up_o the_o sap_n and_o shrink_v up_o the_o sap-vessel_n so_o far_o as_o to_o hinder_v the_o free_a motion_n of_o the_o sap_n therein_o from_o whence_o the_o plant_n must_v needs_o perish_v so_o that_o as_o the_o content_a of_o the_o air-vessel_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o vegetable_a air_n who_o office_n be_v to_o attenuate_v and_o ferment_n rhe_n juice_n of_o plant_n so_o the_o content_a of_o these_o cavity_n be_v a_o more_o natural_a air_n design_v chief_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o dry_v they_o up_o sometime_o though_o the_o pith_n break_v yet_o not_o into_o one_o pipe_n but_o many_o cross_a membrane_n as_o in_o wallnut_n and_o spanish-broom_n because_o here_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o of_o the_o pith_n therein_o be_v much_o less_o in_o proportion_n than_o its_o growth_n in_o length_n the_o pith_n therefore_o be_v stretch_v most_o by_o its_o length_n will_v soon_o tear_v the_o same_o way_n and_o consequent_o shrink_v up_o into_o so_o many_o membrane_n by_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o trunk_n again_o as_o to_o the_o air-vessel_n divers_a question_n may_v be_v ask_v as_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o be_v general_o less_o in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o same_o plant_n than_o in_o the_o root_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v that_o here_o in_o the_o trunk_n they_o be_v more_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o air_n both_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o at_o the_o trunk_n and_o that_o which_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n ascend_v up_o into_o it_o from_o the_o root_n for_o the_o air_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v be_v the_o mould_n of_o the_o air-vessel_n to_o the_o crooked_a particle_n whereof_o the_o saline_n and_o other_o principle_n concur_v to_o their_o generation_n do_v conform_v to_o which_o they_o do_v best_a the_o small_a they_o be_v the_o fiber_n of_o the_o large_a air-vessel_n make_v great_a circle_n and_o so_o come_v near_o to_o a_o right_a line_n answerable_a to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o particle_n not_o of_o the_o aerial_a but_o of_o the_o saline_a principle_n wherefore_o as_o the_o air-vessel_n may_v be_v observe_v still_o to_o be_v dilate_v or_o widen_v towards_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o root_n the_o aerial_a principle_n be_v there_o less_o predominant_a and_o the_o saline_n more_o so_o towards_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o trunk_n to_o be_v contract_v or_o grow_v small_a the_o aerial_a prniciple_n be_v here_o more_o predominant_a and_o the_o saline_n less_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o air-vessel_n of_o the_o several_a year_n succeed_v the_o second_o year_n be_v near_o of_o one_o size_n but_o those_o of_o the_o second_o year_n be_v usual_o much_o large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o first_o viz._n as_o be_v under_o a_o less_o power_n of_o the_o air._n for_o the_o first_o year_n the_o pith_n be_v full_a of_o liquor_n the_o air-vessel_n themselves_o be_v the_o only_a repository_n of_o the_o air._n whereas_o after_o the_o first_o year_n the_o pith_n become_v dry_a or_o another_o great_a repository_n for_o the_o air_n the_o air-vessel_n be_v henceforth_o fill_v with_o a_o moisture_n and_o more_o vapourous_a and_o saline_a air_n and_o so_o make_v to_o grow_v wide_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o disparity_n betwixt_o the_o air-vessel_n of_o the_o first_o and_o succeed_a year_n be_v not_o where_o the_o pith_n be_v small_a so_o visible_a because_o be_v never_o capable_a of_o contain_v many_o airy_a part_n of_o the_o sap_n the_o air-vessel_n themselves_o continue_v still_o the_o chief_a receptacle_n of_o the_o air_n and_o so_o to_o be_v still_o more_o equal_o size_v as_o in_o hazel_n elm_n etc._n etc._n be_v see_v hence_o the_o very_a size_n of_o the_o pith_n have_v much_o influence_n upon_o the_o air-vessel_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o nutrition_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o liquor_n in_o plant_n last_o for_o the_o above_o say_v cause_n the_o time_n when_o the_o vessel_n begin_v every_o year_n to_o be_v form_v or_o to_o appear_v be_v always_o late_a at_o least_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o tree_n so_o that_o whereas_o the_o sap-vessel_n begin_v to_o be_v form_v in_o spring_n these_o not_o till_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o summer_n or_o there_o about_o at_o least_o not_o till_o about_o that_o time_n to_o appear_v that_o be_v when_o the_o sap_n begin_v to_o decrease_v and_o to_o grow_v more_o airy_a and_o so_o more_o fit_a matter_n for_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o say_a air-vessel_n chap._n iu._n upon_o the_o structure_n and_o formation_n of_o the_o part_n depend_v the_o generation_n of_o liquor_n as_o be_v late_o intimate_v the_o manner_n whereof_o i_o have_v former_o show_v in_o discourse_v of_o the_o root_n yet_o some_o thing_n i_o shall_v here_o further_o explicate_v and_o first_o what_o we_o have_v former_o assert_v sc_n that_o the_o concurrence_n of_o two_o specifical_o distinct_a liquor_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o nutrition_n in_o plant_n as_o in_o animal_n which_o appear_v as_o from_o divers_a other_o consideration_n so_o from_o the_o very_a structure_n of_o a_o plant_n where_o in_o all_o the_o organical_a part_n that_o be_v the_o parenchyma_n and_o the_o vessel_n be_v every_o where_o mix_v together_o per_fw-la minima_fw-la that_o be_v per_fw-la minimas_fw-la part_n organicas_fw-la or_o fiber_n with_o fiber_n of_o several_a kind_n so_o that_o every_o small_a part_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o of_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v as_o i_o may_v say_v a_o sort_n of_o linsy_n woolsey_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o sap_n which_o be_v not_o impregnate_n with_o divers_a essential_a tincture_n as_o it_o be_v continual_o filter_v from_o the_o fiber_n of_o one_o kind_n to_o those_o of_o another_o standing_z every_z where_o twist_a and_o stitch_v up_o together_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n from_o the_o special_a nature_n and_o structure_n of_o the_o part_n the_o liquor_n of_o plant_n be_v likewise_o specify_v the_o vessel_n be_v the_o chief_a viscera_n of_o a_o plant._n for_o all_o liquor_n in_o a_o plant_n be_v certain_o make_v by_o that_o plant._n and_o since_o the_o plant_n have_v no_o viscera_n so_o call_v i_o will_v then_o know_v what_o its_o several_a liquor_n be_v make_v by_o if_o in_o the_o parenchyma_fw-la sure_o by_o that_o parenchyma_n if_o in_o the_o vessel_n by_o the_o vessel_n and_o if_o of_o divers_a kind_n by_o divers_a kind_n of_o vessel_n so_o that_o what_o the_o viscera_n be_v in_o animal_n the_o vessel_n themselves_o be_v in_o plant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o viscera_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v but_o vessel_n conglomerate_v so_o the_o vessel_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v viscera_n draw_v out_o at_o length_n again_o as_o the_o specify_v of_o the_o sap_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o special_a nature_n of_o the_o part_n so_o partly_o upon_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o whole_a whereby_o every_o part_n be_v still_o better_o accommodate_v with_o its_o own_o juice_n thus_o the_o air-vessel_n be_v necessary_a not_o only_o and_o bare_o for_o a_o supply_n of_o air_n but_o also_o by_o their_o number_n size_n and_o position_n to_o adjust_a the_o quantity_n of_o that_o air_n to_o the_o government_n of_o nutrition_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o specifical_a liquor_n of_o every_o plant._n which_o be_v
genuine_a import_n of_o the_o word_n gum_n and_o the_o distinction_n thereof_o both_o from_o a_o rosin_n and_o a_o mucilage_n first_o a_o rosin_n be_v original_o a_o turpentine_n or_o acido-oleous_a liquor_n have_v a_o exceed_a small_a quantity_n of_o watery_a part_n mix_v therewith_o and_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n will_v not_o be_v dissolve_v therein_o but_o only_o in_o oil_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v mastic_n benzoine_n taccamahacca_n and_o divers_a other_o common_o in_o our_o bill_n to_o apothecary_n call_v gum_n yet_o in_o strict_a speak_n they_o be_v all_o so_o many_o rosin_n second_o a_o gum_n and_o every_o oily_a gum_n be_v original_o a_o milky_a liquor_n have_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n mix_v with_o its_o oily_a part_n and_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n will_v be_v make_v to_o dissolve_v either_o in_o water_n or_o oil_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v sagapen_v opopanax_n ammoniac_a and_o other_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o gum_n be_v that_o which_o be_v unoylie_o and_o which_o therefore_o dissolve_v only_o in_o water_n as_o gum-arabic_n the_o gum_n of_o cherrytree_n and_o other_o such_o like_a this_o gum_n though_o common_o so_o call_v yet_o be_v proper_o but_o a_o dry_a mucilage_n be_v original_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mucilaginous_a lympha_fw-la issue_v from_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o it_o do_v from_o cumfry_n mallow_n and_o divers_a other_o plant_n and_o even_o from_o the_o common_a cucumer_n the_o vessel_n whereof_o upon_o cut_v cross_n yield_v a_o lympha_fw-la which_o be_v plain_o mucilaginous_a and_o which_o be_v well_o dry_v at_o length_n become_v a_o kind_n of_o gum_n or_o rather_o a_o harden_a mucilage_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o gum_n of_o plum-tree_n cherrytree_n and_o the_o like_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o dry_a mucilage_n or_o if_o we_o will_v take_v the_o word_n in_o its_o wide_a sense_n than_o all_o gum_n be_v original_o either_o a_o turpentine_n or_o a_o milk_n or_o a_o mucilage_n i_o have_v make_v many_o other_o observation_n of_o the_o taste_n smell_n and_o colour_n of_o plant_n and_o of_o their_o content_n since_o those_o i_o last_o publish_v and_o that_o both_o for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o generation_n and_o also_o the_o apply_v of_o they_o unto_o medical_n use_n as_o also_o to_o mechanical_a and_o particular_o the_o make_v all_o sort_n of_o paint_v or_o tincture_n out_o of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o plant_n for_o draw_v in_o water-colour_n in_o the_o choice_n whereof_o there_o be_v much_o difference_n to_o be_v make_v for_o there_o be_v many_o plant_n who_o colour_n be_v very_o clear_a and_o radiant_a in_o the_o plant_n themselves_o yet_o when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v use_v will_v not_o hold_v but_o change_n and_o and_o grow_v foul_a but_o these_o thing_n because_o they_o belong_v more_o proper_o to_o the_o flower_n and_o other_o part_n of_o plant_n i_o therefore_o omit_v till_o if_o god_n give_v i_o life_n and_o health_n i_o come_v hereafter_o to_o speak_v of_o those_o part_n and_o that_o i_o may_v the_o more_o full_o inform_v myself_o and_o other_o in_o these_o matter_n it_o may_v be_v think_v requisite_a that_o all_o kind_n of_o exotic_a part_n of_o plant_n as_o well_o as_o those_o grow_n among_o we_o shall_v likewise_o be_v examine_v for_o the_o procure_n whereof_o both_o from_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n i_o have_v already_o bespeak_v the_o care_n of_o some_o person_n to_o who_o i_o have_v likewise_o give_v direction_n how_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o i_o may_v have_v they_o fresh_a as_o if_o they_o be_v new_o take_v from_o the_o plant_n or_o tree_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o the_o generation_n of_o liquor_n chap._n v._n the_o five_o head_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o figuration_n of_o trunk_n which_o also_o as_o well_o as_o the_o make_n of_o liquor_n depend_v upon_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o part_n as_o first_o almost_o all_o shrub_n caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o air-vessel_n and_o those_o of_o a_o small_a size_n and_o consequent_o much_o spread_v abroad_o as_o most_o easy_o yield_v to_o the_o magnetic_a power_n of_o the_o air_n according_a as_o we_o have_v more_o full_o demonstrate_v in_o speak_v of_o the_o vegetation_n of_o root_n as_o in_o elder_a hazel_n fig_n sumach_n and_o the_o like_a by_o which_o spread_v the_o say_a air-vessel_n do_v soon_o and_o more_o easy_o strike_v into_o the_o bark_n and_o so_o produce_v collateral_a bud_n and_o branch_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o root_n that_o be_v the_o plant_n become_v a_o shrub_n but_o if_o the_o say_a air-vessel_n be_v very_o large_a they_o will_v not_o yield_v so_o easy_o to_o shoot_v out_o collateral_o and_o so_o the_o trunk_n grow_v up_o tall_a and_o more_o entire_a as_o in_o oak_n wallnut_n elm_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o they_o be_v exceed_o large_a be_v see_v hence_o also_o the_o vine_n if_o it_o be_v but_o support_v will_v grow_v to_o a_o prodigious_a height_n and_o hops_n and_o bryony_n be_v some_o of_o the_o tall_a among_o all_o annual_a growth_n the_o air-vessel_n of_o all_o which_o be_v very_o large_a whereas_o borage_n and_o other_o like_a plant_n although_o the_o pore_n of_o their_o parenchyma_n be_v vast_o wide_a and_o fill_v with_o sap_n yet_o because_o their_o air-vessel_n be_v small_a they_o be_v therefore_o but_o dwarf_n plant_n wherefore_o the_o tallness_n or_o advancement_n of_o a_o plant_n or_o tree_n depend_v not_o upon_o the_o plenty_n of_o sap_n how_o great_a soever_o but_o on_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o air-vessel_n again_o as_o a_o plant_n or_o tree_n grow_v either_o shruby_n or_o tall_a according_a to_o the_o size_n of_o the_o say_a vessel_n so_o from_o their_o position_n do_v it_o grow_v slender_a or_o thick_a so_o where_o they_o keep_v more_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o ring_n as_o in_o elm_n and_o ash_n the_o tree_n in_o proportion_n usual_o grow_v tall_a and_o less_o thick_a but_o where_o the_o say_v vessel_n be_v spread_v more_o abroad_o and_o especial_o be_v posture_v in_o ray_n as_o they_o be_v in_o oak_n the_o tree_n grow_v very_o thick_a because_o the_o say_a vessel_n thus_o stand_v all_o along_o near_o to_o the_o insertion_n there_o be_v a_o more_o ready_a and_o copious_a passage_n of_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o diametral_a growth_n of_o the_o wood_n be_v more_o promote_v last_o from_o the_o same_o general_a cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o trunk_n of_o vegetable_n be_v either_o round_a or_o angular_a those_o of_o all_o tree_n be_v round_o because_o the_o bark_n be_v here_o thick_a and_o the_o air-vessel_n bind_v up_o with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o wood_n the_o air_n have_v not_o sufficient_a power_n to_o move_v they_o and_o the_o bark_n with_o they_o into_o those_o various_a position_n or_o figuration_n as_o the_o trunk_n of_o plant_n yield_v to_o yet_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o various_a shape_n of_o the_o trunk_n be_v not_o the_o air_n alone_o but_o partly_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o plant_n themselves_o in_o conjunction_n therewith_o according_a to_o the_o predominion_n whereof_o as_o chief_o of_o some_o certain_a kind_n of_o salt_n as_o i_o may_v possible_o hereafter_o more_o particular_o explicate_v the_o trunk_n be_v square_a triangular_a pentangular_a or_o otherwise_o figure_v and_o thus_o much_o in_o general_a of_o the_o figuration_n of_o trunk_n chap._n vi_o the_o motion_n also_o of_o trunk_n be_v various_a principal_o four_o sc_n ascend_v descend_v horizontal_n and_o spiral_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v a_o certain_a magnetic_a correspondence_n betwixt_o the_o air_n and_o the_o air-vessel_n of_o a_o plant_n the_o motion_n and_o tendency_n whereof_o the_o whole_a plant_n follow_v this_o i_o have_v assert_v and_o i_o think_v clear_o demonstrate_v in_o my_o first_o and_o second_o book_n of_o the_o anatomy_n of_o plant_n i_o will_v here_o add_v this_o plain_a experiment_n take_v a_o box_n of_o mould_v with_o a_o hole_n bore_v in_o the_o bottom_n wide_a enough_o to_o admit_v the_o stalk_n of_o a_o plant_n and_o set_v it_o upon_o stilt_n half_a a_o yard_n or_o more_o above_o ground_n then_o lodge_v in_o the_o mould_n some_o plant_n for_o example_n a_o bean_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o root_n of_o the_o bean_n stand_v in_o the_o mould_n may_v point_v upward_o the_o stalk_n towards_o the_o ground_n as_o the_o plant_n grow_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o at_o length_n the_o stalk_n will_v rise_v upward_o and_o the_o root_n on_o the_o contrary_a arch_n itself_o downward_o which_o evident_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o the_o root_n have_v earth_n to_o shoot_v into_o or_o that_o its_o motion_n be_v only_o a_o