pith or more then strike therein a pinne of Oke and so stop it againe close and let it be well waxt all about the pinne then cover him againe with good earth and he shall doe well some doe use to cleave the roote How to graffe Apples to last on the Tree till Ahallontide HOw ye may have many sorts of Apples upon your Trees untill Alhallontide that is ye shall graft your Apples upon the Mulberry-tree and upon the Cherry-tree To make Cherries and Peaches smell and tast like spice HOw to make that Cherries and Peares shall be pleasant and shall smell and tast like spice and that ye may keepe them well till the new doe come againe ye shall graffe them on the Mulberry-tree as is afore-said But first ye shall soake them in Hony and Water wherein ye shall put of the powder of Cloves Ginger and Cinamon To graffe an Apple which shall he halfe sweet and halfe sower TO graffe that your Apples shall be the one halfe sweet and the other halfe sower ye shall take two Cions the one sweet and the other â—ower some doe put the one Cion through the other and so grâ—ffes them betweene the barke and the Tree and some againe doe pâ—re both the Cions finely and so sets them joyniâ—g into the stocke inclosing Sap to Sap on both the out-sideâ— of the graffes unto the out-sides of the stock and so sets them into the head as the other and they shall bring fruit the one halfe sweet and the other halfe sower To graffe a Rose on the Holly FOr to graffe the Holly that his lâ—aves shall keepe all the yeare greene Some doe take and cleave the Holly and so graffes in a white or red Rose bud and then put clay and â—â—osse to him and lets him grow and some doe put the Rose bud into a slitte of the barke and so patteth Clay and Mosse and binds him featly therein and lets him grow and he shall cary his leafe all the yeare Of keeping of Plummes OF Plums there be many sorts as Damsons which be all blacke and counted the best All manner of other Plum a man may keepe well a yeare if they be gathered ripe and then dryed and put into Vessels of Glâ—â—â—â— If ye câ—â—not dry them well in the Sunne ye shall dry them on huâ—dels of Oziers made like Lattice Windowes in a hot Oven after Bread is drawne forth and so reserve them If a Plum-tree like not open his rootes and powre in all about the dregs of Wine mixt with Water and so cover him well againe or powre on them stale Urine or old pisse of old men mixt with two parts of water and so cover him as before Of altering of Peares or stony fruit IF a Peare doe tast hard or gravelly about the core like small stones ye shall uncover his rootes in the Winter or afore the Spring and take out all the earth thereof and pricke out all the stones as cleane from the earth as ye can about his root then sift that earth or else take of other good fat earth without stones and fill all his rootes againe therewith and he shall bring a soâ—t and gentle Peare to eate but ye must see well to the watering of him often The making of Cyder and Perrie OF Apples and Peares men doe make Cyder and Perry and because the use thereof in most places is knowne I will heere let passe to speake any furthet thereof but this in the pressing your Cyder I will counsell you to keepe cleane your vessels and the places where as your fruit doth lye and specially after it is bruised or broken for then they draw filthy ayre unto them and if it be nigh the Cyder shall be infected therewith and also beare the tast after the infection thereof therefore as soone as you can tun it into cleane and sweet vessels as into vessels of white Wine or of Sacke or of Clâ—ret and such like for these shall keepe your Cyder the better and the stronger a long time after ye may hang a small bag of linnen bâ— a threed downe into the lower part of your Vessell with Powder of Cloves Mace Cinamond and Ginger and such like which will make your Cider to have a pleasant tast To helpe frozen Apples OF Apples that be frozâ—n in the cold and extreame Winter The remedy to have the Ise out of them is this Ye shall lay them first in cold water a while and then lay them before the fire or other heat and they shall come to themselves againe To make Apples fall from the Tree IF ye put of fiery coles under an Apple-tree and then cast of the powder of Brimstone therein and the fume thereof ascend up and toâ—ch any Apple that is wet that Apple shall fall incontinent To water Trees in Summer if they waxe dry about the Roote WHereas Apple-trees be set in dry Ground and not dead in the Ground in Summer if they want moysture ye shall take of Wheat straw or other and every evening or as ye shall see cause cast thereon water all about and it will keepe the Trees moist from time to time To cherish Apple-trees IF ye use to throw in Winter all about your Apple-trees or the rootes thereof the Urine of old men or stale pisse long kept they shall bring fruit much better which is good for the Vine also or if ye doe sprinckle or annoint your Apple-tree rootes with the Gall of a Bull they shall beare the better To make an Apple grow in a Glasse TO make an Apple grow within a Glasse take a Glasse what fashion ye list and put your Apple therein when he is but small and bind him fast to the Glasse and the Glasse also to the Tree and let him grow thus ye may have Apples of divers proportions according to the fashion of your Glasse Thus may ye make of Cucumbers Gourdes or Pomecitrons the like fashion THese three branches and figure of graffing in the shield in Summer is the first branch sheweth how the barke is taken of the middle place sheweth how it is set too and the last branch sheweth how to bind him on in saving the oylet or eye from bruising To graffe many sorts of Apples on one Tree YE may graffe on one Apple-tree at once many kind of Apples as on ever branch a contrary fruit as is afore declâ—red and of Peares the like but see as nigh as you 〈◊〉 that all your Cions be of like springing for else the one will not grow and shadow the other To colour Apples TO have câ—â—oured Apples with what colour ye shall thinke good ye shall bore slope a hole with an Auger in the big-Tree part oâ— the body of the Tree unto the middest thereof or there-abouts and then look what colour ye will have them of First ye shall take water and mingle your colour therewith then stop it up gaine with a short pinne made of the same wood or tree then waxe it
the upper side of each roote so cut may be longest in setting and for the small Rootes which come forth all about thereof ye may not cut them off as the great rootes How ye ought to enlarge the holes for your Trees when ye Plant them FOr when as ye set the Trees in the holes ye must then enlarge the rootes in placing them and see that they take all downe-wards without turning any rootes the end upward and ye must not plant or set them too deepe in the earth but as ye shall see cause It shall be sufficient for them to be planted or set halfe a foote or there-abouts in the earth so that the earth be above all the rootes halfe a foote or more if the place be not very burning and stony Of Dung and good Earth for your Plants and Trees ANd when as ye would replant or set ye must have of good fat Earth or Dung well mingled with a part of the same earth whereas ye tooke your plants out of with all the upper crests of the earth as thicke as ye can have it the said earth which ye shall put about the rootes must not be put too nigh the roots for doubt of the dung being laid too nigh which will put the said rootes in a heate but let it be well mingled with the other earth and well tempered in the holes and the smallest and slenderest Cions that turnes up among those Rootes ye may plant there very well If ye have wormes amongst the Earth of your Rootes IF there be wormes in the fat Earth or Dung that ye put about your roots ye must mingle it well also with the dung of Oxen or Kine or slekt Sope-ashes about the Roote which will make the wormes to dye for otherwise they will hurt greatly the Rootes To digge well the earth about the Tree Rootes ALso ye must digge well the earth principally all round over the rootes and more oftner if they be dry then if they be wet ye must not plant or set Trees when it raineth nor the earth to be very moyst about the rootes The Trees that be planted or set in Vallies commonly prosper well by Drought and when it raineth they that be on the Hills are better by watering with drops then others but if the place or ground be moist of nature ye must plant or set your Trees not so deepe thereon The nature of Places ON high and dry places ye must plant or set your Trees a little more deeper then in the Vallies and ye must not fill the holes in high places so full as the other to the end that the Raine may better moysten them Of good Earth VNderstand also that of good earth commonly commeth good fruit but in certaine places if they might be suffered to grow they would season the Tree the better Otherwise they shall not come to proofe nor yet have a good tast With what ye ought to bind your Trees VVHensoever your Trees shall be replanted or set ye must knocke by the roote a stake and bind your Trees thereto for feare of the wind and when they doe spring ye shall dresse them and bind them with bands that may not breake which bands may be of strong soft hearbes as Bulrushes or such like or of old linnen clouts if the other be not strong enough or else ye may bind them with Oziers or such like for feare of fretting or hurting your Trees CHAP. VII Of medicining and keeping the Trees when they are planted The first councell is when your Trees be but Plants in dry weather they must be watered THe young trees which be newly Planted must sometimes in Summer be watred when the time waxeth dry at the least the first yeare after they be planted or set But as for the greater trees which are well taken and rooted a good time ye must dig them all over the rootes after Alhallontide and uncover them foure or five foote compasse about the roofe of the tree and let them so lye uncovered untill the latter end of Winter And if ye doe then mingle about each tree of good fat earth or dung to heate and comfort the earth withall it shall be good With what Dung ye ought to Dung your Trees ANd principally unto Mossie trees dung them with Hogs dung mingled with other earth of the same ground and let the dung of Oxen be next about the roots and ye shall also abate the Mosse of the Trees with a great knife of wood or such like so that ye hurt not the barke thereof When ye ought to uncover your Trees in Summer IN the time of Summer when the earth is scantly halfe moist it shall be good to digge at the foote of the Trees all about on the roote such as not have beene uncovered in the Winter before and to mingle it with good fat earth and so fill it againe and they shall doe well When ye ought to cut or proyne your Trees ANd if there be in your Trees certaine Branches of superfluous wood that ye will cut off tarry untill the time of the entring in of the Sappe that is when they begin to bud as in March and Aprill Then cut off as ye shall see cause all such superfluous Branches hard by the Tree that thereby the other Branches may prosper the better for then they shall sooner close their sappe upon the cut places then in the Winter which should not doe so well to cut them as certaine doe teach which have not good experience But for so much as in this time the Trees be entring into the Sappe as is aforesaid Take heed therefore in cutting then off your great Branches hastily that through their great waight they doe not cleave or separate the Barke from the Tree in any part thereof How to cut your great Branches and when ANd for the better remedy first you shall cut the same great Branches halfe a foote from the tree and after to saw the rest cleane hard by the body of the Tree then with a broad Chizell cut all cleane and smooth upon that place then cover it with Oxe Dung Ye may also cut them well in Winter so that ye leave the trunke or branch somewhat longer so as ye may dresse and cut them againe in March and Aprill as is before mentioned How ye ought to leave these great Branches cut OTher things here are to be shewed of certaine grafts and old Trees onely which in cutting the great branches thereof truncheon-wise doe renue againe as Walnuts Mulberry-trees Plum-trees Cherry-trees with others which ye must disbranch the boughes thereof even after Alhallontide or as soone as their leaves be fallen off and likewise before they begin to enter into Sappe Of Trees having great Branches THe said great Branches when ye shall disbranch them ye shall so cut them off in such Truncheons to lengthen the Trees that the one may be longer then the other that when the Cions be growne good and long
place those Boughes or Members right soone againe then shall ye comfort the roots with good new earth and bind fast those broken boughes or members both above and beneath and so let them remaine unto another yeare untill they may close and put forth new Cions When a Member or Bough is broken how to proyne them VVHereas ye shall see under or above superfluous boughs ye may cut or proine off as ye shall see cause all such boughes hard by the Tree at a due time in the winter following But leave all the principall branches and whereas any are broken let them be cut off beneath or else by the ground and cast them away thus must ye doe yeerely or as ye shall see cause if ye will keepe your Trees well and faire How one ought to enlarge the hole about the Tree rootes IN proyning your Trees if there be many rootes ye must enlarge them in the hole and so to wreath them as it is aforesaid and to use them without breaking then cover them againe with good fat earth which ye shall mingle in the said hole and it shall be best to be digged all over a little before and see that no branch or roote be left uncovered and when you have thus dressed your Trees if any roote shall put forth or spring hereafter out of the said holes in growing ye may so proine them as ye shall see cause in letting them so remaine two or three yeares after unto such time as the said Graffes be sprung up and well branched How to set small Staves by to strengthen your Cions TO avoid danger ye shall set or sticke small staves about your Cions for feare of breaking and then after three or foure yeares when they be well branched ye may then set or plant them in good earth at the beginning of Winter but see that ye cut off all their small branches hard by the stocke then ye may plant them where ye thinke good so as they may remaine In taking vp Trees note YE may well leave the maister roote in the hole when ye digge him up if the removed place be good for him cut of the master rootes by the stub but pare not off all the small rootes and so plant him and he shall profite more thus then others with all their maister rootes When as Trees be great they must be disbranched or boughes cut off before they be set againe or else they will hardly prosper If the Trees be great having great branches or boughes when ye shall digge them up ye must disbranch them afore ye set them againe for when Trees shall be thus proined they shall bring great Cions from their Rootes which shall be franke and good to replant or set in other places and shall have also good branches and rootes so that after it shall not need to graffe them any more but shall continue one after another to be free and good How to couch the Rootes when they are proyned IN setting your Trees againe if ye will dresse the rootes of such as ye have proined or cut off the branches before ye shall leave all such small rootes which grow on the great roote and ye shall so place those rootes in replanting againe not deepe in the earth so that they may soone grow and put forth Cions which being well used ye may have fruit so good as the other afore-mentioned being of three or foure yeares growth as before is declared What Trees to proyne THis way of proyning is more harder for the great Chery called Healmier then for the Plum-tree Also it is very requisite and meet for those Cions or Trees which be graft on the wild sowre Cherry-tree to be proined also for divers and sundry causes Why the sower Chery dureth not so long as the Healmier or great Cherry THe wild and sower Cherry of his owne nature will not so long time indure as the great Healme Cherry neither can have sufficient sappe to nourish the Graffes as the great Healme Chery is graft therefore when ye have proined the branches beneath and the rootes also so that ye leave rootes sufficient to nourish the Tree then set him If ye cut not off the under rootes the Tree will profite more easier and also lighter to be knowne when they put forth Cions from the roote of the same the which ye may take hereafter To graffe one great Cherry upon another YE must have respect unto the Healme Cherrie which is Graft on the wild Gomire which is another kind of great Cherrie and whether you doe proine them or not it is not materiall for they dure a long time But ye must see to take away the Cions that doe grow from the root of the wild Gomire or wild Plum-tree because they are of nature wild and doe draw the sappe from the said Tree Of deepe Setting or shallow TO set your Stocks or Trees somewhat deeper on the high grounds then in the Vallies because the Sunne in Summer shall not dry the roote and in the low ground more shallow because the water in Winter shall not drowne or annoy the Rootes Some doe marke the stocke in taking it up and to set him againe the same way because he will not alter his nature so likewise the Graffes in Graffing CHAP. IV. This Chapter doth shew how to set other Trees which come of wild Cions pricked in the earth without rootes and also of proining the meaner Cions Trees take roote prickt of Branches THere be certaine which take roote being pricked of Branches proined of other Trees which be the Mulberrie the Fig-Tree the Quince-Tree the Seruice-tree the Pomgranad-tree the Apple-tree the Damson-tree and divers sorts of other Plumtrees as the Plum-tree of Paradice c. How one ought to set them FOr to set these sorts of Trees ye must cut off the Cions twigges or boughes betwixt Alhallontide and Christmas not lightly after Ye shall choose them which be as great as a little staffe or more and looke whereas ye can find them faire smooth and straight and full of sappe withall growing of young trees as of the age of three or foure yeares growth or thereabouts and looke that ye take them so from the Tree with a broad Chizell that ye breake not or loose any part of the barke thereof more then halfe a foote beneath neither of one side or other then proine or cut off the branches and pricke them one foote deepe in the earth well digged and ordered before How to bind them that be Weake THâ—se Plants which be slender ye must proyne or cut off the branches then bind them to some stake or such like to be set in good earth and well mingled with good dung and also to be well and deepely digged and to be set in a moyst place or else to be well watred in Summer How one ought to digge the Earth for to set them in ANd when that ye would set them in the earth ye must first prepare
thereon ye may graffe on them againe as ye shall see cause according as every arme shall require Of barrennesse of trees the time of cutting all branches and of uncovering the Rootes SOmetimes a man hath certaine old Trees which be almost spent as of the Peare-trees and Plum-trees and other great Trees the which beare scant of fruit but when as ye shall see some Branches well charged therewith then ye ought to cut off all the other ill Branches and Boughes to the end that those that remaine may have the more Sap to nourish their fruit and also to uncover their rootes after Alhallontide and to cleave the most greatest rootes thereof a foote from the trunke and put into the said clefts a thin state of hard stone there let it remaine to the end that the humour of the Tree may enter out thereby and at the end of Winter ye shall cover him againe with as good fat earth as ye can get and let the stone alone Trees which ye must helpe or plucke up by the Rootes ALL sorts of Trees which spring Cions from the Rootes as Plum-trees all kind of Cherry-trees and small Nut-trees ye must helpe in plucking their Cions from their roots in Winter as soone as conveniently ye can after the leafe is fallen For they doe greatly plucke downe and weaken the said trees in drawing to them the substance of the earth What doth make a good Nut. BUt chiefly to plant these Cions the best way is to let them grow and be nourished two or three years from the roote and then to transplant them or set them in the Winter as is aforesaid The Cions which be taken from the foote of the Hasell-trees make good Nuts and to be of much strength and vertue when they are not suffered to grow too long from the Roote or foote aforesaid Trees eaten with Beasts must be graffed againe VVHen certaine graffes being well in Sappe of three or foure yeares or thereabouts be broken or greatly endamaged with beasts which have broked thereof it shall little profit to leave those Graffes so but it were better to cut them and to graffe them higher or lower then they were before For the Graffes shall take as well upon the new as old Cion being graffed as on the wild stocke But it shall not so soone close as upon the wild stocke-head How your wild Stockes ought not hastily to be removed IN the beginning when ye have graffed your Graffes on the wild Stocke doe not then hastily plucke up those Cions or wild stockes so graffed untill ye shall see the graffes put forth a new sheute the which remaining still ye may graffe thereon againe so that your graffes in hasty removing may chance to dye When ye cut off the naughty Cions from the Wood. VVHen your Graffes on the stockes shall put forth of new wood or a new sheute as of two or three foot long and if they put forth also of other small superfluous Cions about the said members or branches that ye would nourish cut off all such ill Cions hard by the head in the same yeare they are graffed in but not so long as the wood is in Sappe till the Winter after How sometimes to cut the principall Members ALso it is good to cut some of the principall Members or Branches in the first Yeare if they have too many and then againe within two or three yeares after when they shall be well sprung up and the graffes well closed on the head of the stocke ye may trimme and dresse them againe in taking away the superfluous branches if any there remaine for it is sufficient enough to nourish a young Tree to leave him one principall Member on the head so that he may be one of those that hath beene grafted on the Tree before yea and the Tree shall be fairer and better in the end then if he had two or three branches or precidence at the foote But if the Tree have beene graffed with many great Cions then you must leave him more largely according as ye shall see cause or need to recover the clefts on the head of the said graffe or stocke How to guide and governe the said Trees VVHen that your Trees doe begin to spring ye must order and see to them well the space of three or foure yeares or more untill they be well and strongly grown in helping them above in cutting the small twigs and superfluous wood untill they be so high without branches as a man or more if it may be and then see to them well in placing the principall branches if need be with forkes or wands prickt right and well about them at the foot and to proine them so that one branch doe not approach too nigh the other nor yet fret the one the other when as they doe enlarge and grow and ye must also cut off certaine branches in the Tree where as they are too thicke A kind of Sicknesse in Trees LIkewise when certaine Trees are sicke of the Gall which is a kind of Sicknesse that doth eate the Barke therefore ye must cut it and take out all the same infection with a little Chizell or such like thing This must be done at the end of Winter then put on that infected place of Oxe Dung or Hogs Dung and bind it fast thereon with Cloutes and wrap it with Oziers so let it remaine a long time till it shall recover againe Trees which have Wormes in the Barke OF Trees which have Wormes within their Barkes is where as ye shall see a swelling or rising therein therefore ye must cut or cleave the said barke unto the wood to the end the humour may also distill out thereat and with a little hooke ye must plucke or draw out the said wormes withall the rotten wood ye can see then shall ye put upon the said place a Plaister made of Oxe Dung or Hogs Dung mingled and beaten with Sage and a little of unsleckt Lime then let it be all well boild together and wrap it on a cloth and bind it fast and close thereon so long as it will hold The Lees of Wine shed or powred upon the Rootes of Trees the which be somewhat sicke through the coldnesse of the Earth which Lees doth them much good Snayles Ants and Wormes doth marre Trees ALso ye must take heed of all manner of young trees and specially of those graffes the which many Wormes and Flyes doe endamage and hurt in the time of Summer those are the Snailes the Pismires or Ants the field Snaile which hurteth also all other sorts of Trees that be great principally in the time that the Cuckow doth sing and betwixt Aprill and Midsommer while they be tender There be little Beasts called Sowes which have many Legs and some of them be gray some black and some hath a long sharpe snowt which be very noysome and great hurters of young Graffes and other young Trees also for they cut them off in eating
drive away wormes and the fruit shall be the sweeter The setting of Stones and ordering thereof AS for Almond-trees Peach-trees Cherry-trees Plum-trees or others ye shal thus plant or set them Lay first the stones in water three dayes and foure nights untill they sinke therein then take them betwixt your finger and your thumbe with the small end upward and so set them two fingers deepe in good earth And when ye have so done ye shall rake them all over and so cover them and when they begin to grow or spring keepe them from weeds and they shall prosper the better specially in the first yeare And within two or three yeares after ye shall set or remove them where ye list then if ye doe remove them againe after that ye must proine of all his twigs as ye shall see cause nigh the stocke this ye may doe of all kind of Trees but specially those which have the great Sappe as the Mulberry or Fig-trees or such like To gather Gumme of any Tree IF ye list to have the Gumme of an Almond-tree ye shall sticke a great naile into the Tree a good way and so let him rest and the Gumme of the Tree shall issue thereat thus do men gather Gumme of all sorts of Trees yea the common Gumme that men doe use and occupy To set a whole Apple ALso some say that if ye set a whole Apple foure fingers in the earth all the Pepins or Curnels in the same Apple will grow up together in one whole stocke or Cion and all those Apples shall be much fairer and greater then others but ye must take heed how ye doe set those Apples which doe come in Leape-yeare for in a Leape-yeare as some doe so the Curnels or Pepins are turned contrary for if ye should so set as commonly a man doth ye shall set them contrary Of setting the Almond ALmonds doe come forth and grow commonly well if they be set without the shell or huske in good earth or in rotten Hogs dung Jf ye lay Almonds one day in Vineger then shall they as some say be very good to plant or lay him in milke and water untill he doe sinke it shall be the better to set or any other Nut. Of Pepins watered THe Pepins and Curnels of those Trees which have a thicke or rough barke if ye lay them three dayes in water or else untill they sinke therein they shall be the better then â—et them or sow them as is afore-mentioned and then remove them when they be wel rooted or three or foure years growth and they shall have a thinne barke To Plant or set Vines IF ye Plant or set Vines in the first or second yeare they will bring no fruit but in the third yeare they will beare if they be well kept ye shall cut them in Ianuary and set them soon after they be cut from the Vine and ye shall set two together the one with the old wood and the other without and so let them grow plucking away all weeds from about them and when ye shall remove them in the second and third yeare being well rooted ye shall set them well a foote deepe in good fat earth with good dung as of one foot deepe or thereabouts and keep them cleane from weeds for then they will prosper the better and in Summer when the Grape is knit then ye shall breake off his top or branch at one or two joynts after the Grape and so the Grape shall be the greater and in the Winter when ye cut them ye shall not leave past two or three leaders on each branch on some branch but one leader which must be cut betwixt two joynts and ye shall leave the young Vine to be the leader Also ye shall leave thereof three or foure joynts at all times if a young Cion doe come forth of the old branch or side thereof if ye doe cut him ye shall cut him hard by the old branch and if ye will have him to bring the Grape next yeare ye shall leave two or three joynts thereof for the young Cion alwayes bringeth the Grape ye may at all times so that the Grape be once taken and knit ever as the superfluous Cions doe grow ye may breake them of at a joynt or hard by the old branch and the Grapes will be the greater thus ye may order your Vine all the Summer long without any hurt To Set or Plant the Cherry CHerry-trees and all the trees of stonefruit would be planred or set of Cions in cold grounds and places of good earth and likewise in high or hilly places dry and well in the shade if ye doe remove ye ought to remove them in November and Ianuary if ye shall see your Cherry-tree waxe rotten then shall ye make a hole in the middest of the body two foot above the ground with a big Piercer that the humour may passe forth thereby then afore the Spring shut him up againe with a pinne of the same Tree thus ye may doe unto all other sorts of trees when they begin to rot and is also good for them which beare scant of fruit or none To keepe Cheries good a yeere FOr to keepe Cheries good a yeare ye shal cut off the stalks and then lay them in a well leaded pot fill the said pot therewith then put into them of good thin Honey and fill the said pot therwith then stop it with Clay that no ayre enter in then set them in some faire Seller and put of Sand under and all about it and cover the Pot well withall so let it stand or remaine thus ye may keepe them a yeare as fresh as though they came from the Tree and after this sort ye may keepe Peares or other fruit Against Pismires IF ye have Cherry-trees laded or troubled with Pismires or Ants ye shall rub the body of the Tree and all about the root with the juyce of Purslane mingled halfe with Vineger Some doe use to anoint the Tree beneath all about the body with taro and Birds lime with wooll oyle boyled together and anoint the tree beneath therewith and doe lay the Chalke stones all about the Tree roote some say it is good therefore The Setting of Chesnuts THe Chesnut-tree men doe use to plant like unto the Fig-tree They may be both planted and graffed well they waxe well in fresh and fat earth for in sand they like not If ye will set the Curnels ye shall lay them in water untill they doe sinke and those that doe sinke to the bottome of the water be best to set which ye shall set in the Moneth of November and December foure fingers deepe a foot one from another foâ— when they be in these two Moneths set or planted they shall endure long and beare also good fruit yet some there be that plant or set them first in dung like Beanes which will be sweeter then the other sort but those which be set in these two
Moneths aforesaid shall first beare their fruit men may prove which is bâ—st experience doth teach This is another way to prove aâ—d know which Chesnuts be best to plant or set that is ye shall take a quantity of nuts then lay them in Sand the space of thirty dayes then take and wash them in water faire and cleane and throw them into water againe and those which doe sinke to the bottome are good to plant or set and the other that swimme are naught thus may ye doe with all other Curnels or Nuts To have all stone fruit tast at ye shall thinke good IF ye will have all stone fruit tast as ye shall fansie or thinke good ye shall first lay your stones to soke in such licour or moisture as ye will have the fruit tast of and then set them as for the Date tree as some say he bringeth no fruit except he be a hundred yeare old and the Date-stone must soke one Moneth in the water before he be set then shall ye set him with the small end upward in good fat earth in hote Sandy ground foure fingers deepe and when the boughes doe begin to spring then shall ye every night sprinckle them with raine water or other if ye have none so long till they be come forth and growne Of Graffing the Medler and Misple FOr to graffe the Medler or Misple men doe use to Graffe them on the White Hathorne Tree they will prove well but yet small and sower fruit to graffe one Medlar upon another is the better some men doe graffe first the Wilding Cion upon the Medlar stocke and so when he is well taken and growne then they graffe thereon the Medlar againe the which doth make them more sweet very great and faire Of the Fig-tree THe Fig-tree in some Country beareth his fruit foure times a Yeare the Blacke Figges are the best being dryed in the Sunne and then layed in a Vessell in beddes one by another and then sprinckled or strawed all over every lay with fine Meale then stop it up and so it is sent out of that Land If the Fig-tree will not beare ye shall digge him all about and under the roots in February and take out then all his earth and put unto him the dung of a Privie for that he liketh best ye may mingle with it of other fat earth as Pigeons dung mingled with Oyle and Pepper stampt which shall forward him much to noint his rootes therewith ye shall not plant the Figge-tree in cold times he loveth hote stony or gravelly ground and to be planted in Autumne is best Of the Mulberry-tree IF ye will plant the Mulberry-tree the Fig-tree or others which bring no seed ye shall cut a twig or branch from the tree roote of a yeares growth with the old wood or barke about a cubit long which ye shall plant or set all in the earth save a shaftment long to it and so let it grow watering it as ye shall see need This must be done before the leaves begin to Spring but take heed that ye cut not the end or top above for then it shall wither and dry Of Trees that beare bitter fruit OF all such trees as beare bitter fruit to make them bring sweeter ye shall uncover all the rootes in Ianuary and take out all that earth then put unto them of Hogs dung great plenty and then after put unto them of other good earth and so cover them therewithall well againe and their fruit shall have a sweeter tast Thus men may doe with other trees which bring bitter fruit To helpe barren Trees HEre is another way to helpe barren Trees that they may bring fruit if you see your Tree not beare scantly in three or foure years good plenty ye shall bore an hole with an Auger or Piercer in the greatest place of the body within a yard of the ground but not through but unto or past the heart ye shall bore him a slope then take honey and water mingled together a night before then put the said Hony and water into the hole and fill it therewith then stop it close with a short pinne made of the same Tree not stricken in too farre for piercing the licour An other way IN the beginning of Winter ye shall dig those Trees round about the rootes and let them so rest a day and a night and then put unto them of good earth mingled well with good store of watred Otes or with watred Barley or Wheat laid next unto the rootes then fill it with other good earth and he shall beare fruit even as the boring of a hole in the maister roote and striking in a pinne and so fill him againe shall helpe him to beare as before is declared To keepe your Fruit. ALL fruit may be the better kept if ye lay them in dry places in dry straw or Hay but Hay ripeth too sore or in a Barley-mow not touching one the other or in Chaffe or in vessels of Iuniper or Cipers wood ye may so keepe them well in dry Salt or Hony and upon boardes whereas fire is nigh all the Winter also hanging nigh fire in the Winter in Nets of yarne The Mulberry-tree THe Mulberry-tree is planted or set by the Fig-tree his fruit is first sower and then sweet he liketh neither Dew nor Raine for they hurt him he is wel pleased with foule eâ—rth and dung His branches will waxe dry within every sixe yeares then must ye cut them off as for other Trees they ought to be proined every yeare as ye shall see cause and they will be the better and to plant them from the midst of February to the midst of March is best Of Mosse of the Tree OF the Mosse on your Trees ye must not let it too long be unclensed ye must rub it off with a grate of wood or a rough Haire or such like in Winter when they be moist To have the Peach without stones FOr to make the Peach grow without stones ye shall take a Peach-tree newly planted then set a Willow hard by which ye shall bore a hole through then put the Peach-tree through the said hole and so close him on both sides thereof Sappe to Sappe and let him so grow one yeare then the next yeare ye shall cut off the Peach stocke and let the Willow feed him and cut off the upper part of the Willow also three fingers high and the next Winter saw him off nigh the Peach so that the Willow shall feed but the Peach onely and this way ye may have Peaches without stones Another way for the same YE shall take the Graffes of Peaches and Graffe them upon the Willow stocke and so shall your Peaches be likewise without stones If Trees doe not prosper IF ye see that your Trees doe not waxe nor prosper take and open the rootes in the beginning of Ianuary or afore and in the biggest roote thereof make an hole with an Auger to the
set them in your Hills and plant them as the other before mentioned The Setting your Poles THe best time is in Aprill or when your rootes be sprung hâ—lâ—â— a yard long or more then by every Plant or Hop in your hills ye shall set up a Pole of xiii or xiiii foot long or thereabouts as cause shall require Some doe use to set but foure Poles in every Hill which is thought sufficient and when ye shall set them see that ye set them so fast that great Winds doe not cast them downe How to proyne the hop-Hop-tree YE shall marke when the Hop doth blossome and knit in the top which shall be perceived to be the Hop then take and cut up all the rest growing thereabouts not having Hop thereon hatd by the earth that all those which carry the Hop might be the better nourished thus shall ye doe in Summer as ye shall see them encrease and grow untill the time of gathering To gather the Hoppe AT such time afore Michaelmasse as ye shall see your hop waxe browne or somewhat yellow then he is best to be gathered in a dry day in cutting your hop by the ground then pluck up your Pole therewith for shaking of your hop so cary them into some dry house and when ye have so pluckt them ye shall lay them on boarded lofts or on hurdels of cloathes that the wind may dry them and the ayre but not in the Sun for the same will take away the strength thereof nor with fire for that will doe likewise and ye shall daily tosse and turn them till they be dry to try them when they are dry hold them in your hand a space and if they cleave together when ye open your hand they are not then dry but if they shatter a sunder in opening your hand then ye may be sure they are dry enough It not let them remaine and use ye them as is before said Ye shall understand the drynesse of them is to preserve them and long to last but if need be ye may occupy them well undâ—yed with lesse portion to sow What Poles are best YE shall prepare your Poles of such Wood as is light and stiffe and which will not bow with every Wind the best and meetest time to get them is in Winter when the Sap is gone downe and as soone as ye have taken of your Hop lay your Poles in sundry places untill the next Spring whereby they may endure the longer How to order and dresse your Hills AFter the first yeare is past your Hop being increased to more plenty of rootes in your Hills ye shall after Michaelmasse every yeare open your Hills and cast downe the tops unto the roots uncovering them and cut away all the superfluous rootes some doth plucke away all the rootes that spreades abroad without the Hills then opens the Hills and puts of good new earth unto them and so covers them again which shall keepe them from the Frost and also make the ground fat so shall ye let them remaine unto the Spring of the yeare in February or March then againe if ye shall see any superfluous rootes ye may take them away and cut them up and your Hop shall be the better then againe cast up the earth about your Hills and cleansing them from all weeds and other rootes which will take away their strength if the hearbes remaine so let them rest till your Poles may be set therein Of ground best for your Hoppe THe Hop delighteth and loveth a good and reasonable fat ground not very cold nor yet too moist for J have seene them prove well in Flanders in dry Sandy fields the Hop-hills being of good fat earth ye may as some say for great need make your Hop grow and beare on any kind of Rockie ground so that your Hills be great and fat earth but the lower ground commonly proveth best so that it stand well and hot in the Sunne A Note of the rest above-said YE shall marke and understand all this order above said is to have many Hops and good with a few rootes and Plants placed in a small plot of ground Ye shall understand that wild Hoppe that groweth in the hedges is as good to occupie as the other to set or plant in any other places but look that ye take not the barren Hoppe to plant some Hoppe will be barren for want of good earth and lacke of good dressing which ye shall perceive as I have told you in the Summer before that when they should beare they will be barren which is for want of good fat earth or an vâ—kind yeare or lacke of weeding and good ordering Therefore such as are minded to bestow labour on the ground may have as good Hoppe growing in this country as is in other countries but if ye will not goe to that cost to make Hoppe yards ye may with a light charge have hops grow in your hedge-rowes to serve as well as the other and shall be as good for the quantity as the other in all respects ye may for lacke of ground plant Hoppe rootes in Hedge-rowes when ye doe quicke set set up Poles by them when time shall require in the Spring and to bestow every winter after the gathering your Hoppe on every hill head a shovell full of dung to comfort the earth for then will they beare the more plenty of Hoppes the next yeare following To conclude you that have Grounds may well practise in all things afore-menâ—ioâ—ed and specially to have Hops in this ordering for your selves and others also ye shall give encouragement for others to follow hereafter J have heard by credible persons which have knowne a hundred Hills which is a small plot of Ground to beare three hundred pound of Hoppes so that the commodity is much and the gaines great and one pound of our Hops dryed and ordereâ— will goe as farre as two pound of the best Hops that commeth from beyond the Seas Thus much I thought meet and necessary to write of the ordering and planting of the Hoppe How to packe your Hoppes VVHen your Hops be well tossed and turned on borded flowres and well dryed as I afore have shewed ye shall put them into great Sackes according to the quantity of your Hoppes and let them be troden downe hard together which will keepe their strength longer and so ye may reserve them and take at your pleasure Some doe use which have but small store to tread them into dry Fattes and so serve them for their use which is counted the better way and the lesse portion doth serve and will longer keeâ—pe their vertue and strength Wishing long life and prosperous Health To all furtherers of this Common-wealth FJNJS A PERFECT PLATFORME OF A HOPPE-GARDEN And necessary Instructions for the making and maintenance thereof with Notes and Rules for reformation of all abuses commonly practised therein very necessary and expedient for all men to have which in any wise have
are to bee graffed that they may come without stones WIll you make that Cherries grow without stones pare a little Cherry tree of one yere old at the stump and cleave it asunder from the top to the root which do in May and make an Iron fit to â—raw the heart or marow from both sides of the tree then tie it fast â—â—â—â—ther and anoint 〈…〉 H◠〈…〉 PLant a Vâ—â—e tree next unto a Ch◠〈…〉 when it groweth â—igh then pierce a◠〈…〉 Cherry tree right above it that the ho◠〈…〉 than the Vine is thick and pare the upâ—â—â— barâ— of the Vine branch till unto the greene 〈…〉 must go through the tree looke well to it tha◠〈◊〉 branch of the Vine bee not bruised and well anointed You must not suffer any sprouts to come out oâ— the vine from the ground up but unto the tree only that which commeth out of the other side let that same grow and bring fruit Then the next March following if the Vine prosper and grow fast into the tree then cut the Vine from the tree off and anoint the place with diligence and it will bring fruit How a grape of a Vine may be brought into a glasse WIll you make that a grape grow into a narrow glasse take the glasse before the grape cast her bloud or while she is little and put her into the glasse and she will ripen in the glasse To graffe Medlers on a Peare tree IF you graffe a branch of a Medler upon a Peare tree the Medlers will be sweet and durable so that you may keep them longer than otherwise How apples or other fruits may be made red IF you will graft upon a wild stump put the sprouts in Pikes bloud and then graft them and the fruit will be red Otherwise Take an apple branch and graft it upon an alder stump and the apples will be red Likewise if you graft them upon cherry trees Of the Quince tree THe Quince tree commeth not of any grafting but you must plucke him out by the roots and plant him againe into a good ground or earth Otherwise The Quince tree requireth a dry sweet ground and he prospereth therein How to make that Quinces become great TAke a branch of a Quince tree when it hath cast his bloud where a Quince groweth at and put it into a pot and set it into the ground and let the Quince grow in it and it will be very great And if you will shew some cunning therewith cause to bee made a pot which hath a mans face in the bottome of it or any other picture whatsoever and when the quinces have blossomed then bow the branch and put the quince into the pot and she wil grow very bigge in the shape of a man which may also be done in pompons mellons cucumbers and other earthly fruits The conclusion of graffing OVt of all the forewritten causes gentle reader is evidently shewne that although every planting or grafting be better from like to like and from kinde to kind yet neverthelesse it agreeth also with contrary kinds as now is said wherefore he that will exercise and use the same and try divers kindes he may see and make many wonders What â—oy and fruit commeth of trees The first THe first is that you plant divers many kinds for every housholder who hath care to his nourishment with all diligence causeth oftentimes such trees to be brought from forrein countries The second The second is when the trees bee planted and set orderly and pleasantly they give no small pleasure to a man therefore every one should cut his trees orderly and he that cannot should procure other men to do it which know how to do it The third is of well smelling and spited fruit Cleave a tree asunder or a branch of a fruitfull tree to the heart or pith and cut a piece out of it and put therein poudred spices or what spice soever you will or what colour you will desire and tie a barke hard about it and anoint it with lome and oxe dung and the fruit will get both the sauour and colour according to the spice you have put in it How sower fruits be made sweet WHich tree beareth sower fruits in the same pierce a hole a foot or somwhat lesse above the root and fill that with honey and stop the hole with a haw-thorne branch and the fruit will bee sweet How trees ought to be kept when they wax old WHen trees lose their strength and vertue for age the branches break off for the weight of the fruit or when they wax barren for lack of moisture that they beare not fruit every yeare but scant every other or third yeare you must cut some of his heavy branches which he can little nourish which is done to the end hee might keep some moistnesse to himselfe for his nourishment for else the moistnesse would go all into his branches Wheteby you may mark whether you must give them or take away from them branches according to their nourishment and as the earth where shee standeth can abide that is you must leave them so much as will nourish them and no more which if you doe not the trees will bring so little fruit that your labour will not be recompensed Which cutting of trees may be done from the beginning of November till to the end of March in warme countries But it is more naturall to be done from the time that the leaves fall till the time that they begin to grow greene againe except where the frost is very great and sharp How trees must be kept from divers sicknesses and first how to keep them from the Canker WHen the Canker commeth in any tree he becommeth barren and dry for it mounteth from the stumps into the top and when it taketh a peare or apple tree the bark will be black and barren thereabouts which must be cut off with a knife to the fresh wood and then the place must be anointed with Oxe dung and tied with barke so that neither wind nor rain may hurt it Against worms which must be driven out of the tree IT happeneth oftentimes that thâ— superfluities of moistnesse in the trees breaketh out like as sometimes to a man or beast betweene the flesh and skinâ— and when that beginneth to rot wormes grow out of it which takes his strength away wherfore mark When the barke of a tree at any time swels cut it presently open that the poison may runne out and if you find already wormes in it draw them out with a little yron hooke How the wormes are to be killed if they bee already growne into the tree IF you will kill the worms which grow in the tree take pepper lawrell and incense and mingle all well together with good wine and pierce a hole into the tree downeward to the pith or heart of the tree and poure this mixture into it and stop it with a hawthorne and the wormes will