of faith 167 31 The opinion of the aduersaries concerning faith 176 32 Of hope 191 33 Of Charitie or Loue. 198 34 Of Repentance 202 35 How farre a wicked man may proceede in repentance 210 36 What the iudgement of Papists is of repentance 213 37 Of mans free-will 216 38 Concerning the free grace of God 226 39 Of the meanes whereby God from the beginning hath reuealed both his couenants vnto mankinde 238 A TREATISE OF OVR EFfectuall Calling and of certaine common places of Theologie contained vnder it CHAP. 1. Of our effectuall Calling GOds effectual calling is that wherby God calleth out of darknesse into 1. God cals by his word preached his admirable light from the power of satan vnto God in Christ Iesu those whom hee knew from eternitie and predestinated vnto life of his meere fauor by the promulgation of the couenant of grace or preaching of the Gospell Such also as be called by the same grace of God answer 2. Man answers by beleeuing and beleeue in him through Iesus Christ This answer is of faith which is in verie truth the condition of the promise which is in the couenant of grace Wherefore our effectuall calling doth consist of the promise of the couenant which is vnder condition of faith and in faith also which is nothing els but the fulfilling of the condition Therefore there be two parts of our effectual calling the first is the outward calling of such as are predestinate Two parts of our effectual calling vnto life from darknesse vnto light and that of Gods meere grace and that I say by the publication of the couenant of grace or preaching of the Gospell The latter part is their inward faith wrought in them by the same grace and Spirit of God whereby they are conuerted from Sathan vnto God for I cannot see how this second part of our effectual calling can differ from faith it selfe In the first part of our effectual calling first we are to consider the persons calling called The person which calleth vs properly to speake is God himselfe for he only promiseth in his couenant calling those things which bee not as though they were Roman 4. ver 17. The persons called are they whom God knew before and hath predestinated vnto life for whom he hath predestinated them he hath called Rom. 8. Secondly in the first part of our effectuall calling the cause which moued God hereunto is his owne speciall grace for the cause of all Gods blessings vpon vs is in himselfe For as hee did predestinate vs in himselfe according to the good pleasure of his owne will Ephe. 1. 5. so hath hee called and iustified vs in himselfe and shall glorifie vs in himselfe to the praise of the glorie of his grace that all glorie may be wholy ascribed vnto him Thirdly we be to obserue the instrument of our vocation which is the couenant published Instrument of our vocation or the Gospell preached Fourthly in this former part of our effectuall calling we bee to consider the estate from which and the estate whereunto we be called The condition from which we be called is darknesse the power of Sathan and that miserable plight which is without Christ in sin and death The state whereunto we be called is light God himselfe and that blessed condition of man in Christ Hence it is euident that these common places of Diuinitie Of Gods word and of sinne and the miserie of mankind must bee referred to this argument of our effectuall calling as to a most generall head in religion In the second part of our effectuall calling these branches must be noted First that the cause wherefore we answer Gods calling or beleeue in God is Gods own grace which worketh in vs this faith by the holy Ghost which is giuen vs with his word For like as God of his meere grace calleth vs outwardly vnto himselfe so the same his grace and free loue in Iesus Christ kindleth this faith in vs whereby we answer his heauenly calling And in this 2. part of our calling which we say doth 2. Part of our calling faith consist in faith if we desire yet more deeply to search it there is a double grace or working of God in our hearts The 1. is whē he inlightneth vs by his holy spirit pouring a new a heauenly light into our mind before so blind as that it neither saw nor could see the things which doe belong to the Spirit of God 1. Cor. 2. 14. 15. The naturall man perceiueth not the things of the Spirit of God for they are foolishnesse vnto him neither can he know them In the wil which is altogether froward and quite fallen from God he worketh an vprightnesse and in all the affections a new holinesse Hence proceedes the new creature and that new man which is created after God in righteousnesse and true holinesse Ephe. 4. 24. The Papists call this first grace in the faith and work of the holy Ghost not the creation of any new creature which was not before but the stirring vp of some goodnesse and sanctitie which as they say was left in nature Free-will after the first fall of man which they call also free-will which they say was not quite lost in the fall but lessened and weakened But this free-will whereof they speake is in verie truth nothing els but that holinesse of nature and life of God and the spirituall light of man in his first creation and innocencie But of this more in place conuenient This they say then that after the fall man retained not only the faculties of his soule but also the holy qualities of those powers only hurt and weakened And this is that free-will which they say is quickned by Gods preuenting grace which they define to be an externall motion standing as it were without and beating at the doore of the heart In this first grace of God which we call a new creation of diuine qualities in the soule man standeth meere passiuely before God and as the materiall cause of Gods worke For in this first renewing of the soule of man what diuine vertues hath man to work with Gods Spirit or to helpe the worke of grace Yet we say not that man in this new birth is no more then a trunke or dead tree for that there is in man that so I may speake a passiue power to receiue that diuine grace and life of God as also the vse of reason which dead trees haue not The aduersaries say that in quickening of free-will there is a libertie or strength in it to reiect or to receiue that grace which they call preuenting grace Therefore they giue a fellow-working vnto grace and a fellow-working vnto freewil The second grace or the second worke of Gods spirit The action of faith in the second part of our effectuall calling or in faith is the verie act of faith or an action proceeding from this new creature the action of
works and of this kinde of couenant accordingly and as we purposed in this present treatise CHAP. III. Of the couenant of grace IN the free couenant of grace or of the Gospel the first grounde is our mediator Iesus Christ 1. Ground of the couenāt of grace crucified also and dead or which is the same in effect the bloud of the mediator the vertue whereof is twofold The first serues to satisfie the iustice and wrath of God for our sinnes for the breach of that couenant of works The second is to purchase and merit a new grace mercie of God for vs. And this grace or mercie of God 2. Grounde obtained by the bloud of the mediator is y e second ground of the couenant of grace wherby we stand reconciled vnto God and in grace with him Wherefore the first immediat grounde of the couenant of grace is Gods free sauour or mercie whereby mans miserie is presupposed and not nature or any good thing in it For that all our naturall goodnes after the breach of that couenant of works is quite vanished that is to say nature as touching holines iustice and wisdome is vtterlie lost For we are not to approue their iudgment which say that the freedome of will that is the goodnes and holines of nature is much worne and weakened as they speake in this corrupt nature And thus far of the ground of the couenant of grace Vpon this ground I say first of the bloud of Christ next of God free mercie in Christ the couenant of grace vsually so called is founded The first and principall grace promised in this couenant is righteousnes which must necessarily heere haue the first place for after the breach of the couenant of works that one first originall iustice as they call it was quite lost and vniustice did succeede into the place thereof And this iustice which is here promised in the couenant of grace is no inherent righteousnesse as that originall iustice was but it is the righteousnesse of our mediator Iesus Christ which is ours by faith and by the imputation of God for which cause the Apostle cals it the righteousnes of God for without this imputatiue iustice we can not Rom. 3. 20. possiblie stand before the tribunall of God and by the imputation of this righteousnesse are we said to be iustified before God Next after this kinde of righteousnes which is by imputation there is another kind of inherent iustice promised in the couenant of grace euen such a sanctitie and goodnes of nature as was lost in the fall of man and this is but begunne in this life but perfected in another And this inherent iustice is nothing else but life eternal in vs begunne I say in earth and perfected in heauen And this heauenly and spirituall life doth proceede from that righteousnes of Christ which is imputed vnto vs by faith For that righteousnes of Christ is effectuall in vs vnto eternall life by the spirit of Christ who sanctifieth and quickneth vs. And thus far of the promise which is in the couenant of grace Now it followeth that wee see what the condition is of this couenant The verie name of the couenant of grace might seeme to require no condition for it is called a free couenant because God freely The condition of the couenant of grace and as it might seeme without all condition doth promise herein both righteousnes and life for he which promiseth to giue any thing freely he bindeth not to any condition But we are to vnderstand that grace here or the particle freely doth not exclude all condition but that only which is in the couenant of workes which is the condition of the strength of nature and of works naturally iust and good as we may call them which can in no wise stand with Gods free grace in Christ Iesu For neither that freedome of will which doth import some purity holines in nature nor the works of free-will as they call them can agree with the grace of God in Christ Iesus What is the condition then which this word grace or freely will admit in this couenant of grace I answer assuredly none other thē that which may stand with Christ and with Gods free grace and that is faith only which is also by grace for it is Gods free gift Phil. 1. 29. It is giuē vnto you not onely to beleeue in him but also to suffer for his sake hauing Christ first the obiect thereof and next Gods free mercie in Christ for faith embraceth Gods mercie in Christ and makes Christ effectuall in vs vnto righteousnesse and life For this cause Paul Rom. 4. 16. saith our inheritance is by faith that it might come by grace Ephe. 2. 8. Ye are saued by grace by faith and that not of your selues that is as he after expoundeth it not of works so he concludeth that saluation because it is of Gods free grace by faith is the free gift of God Wherefore we see faith stands best with the grace mercie of God as without Rom. 6. 23. which Christ and Gods mercie in him cannot bee effectuall vnto righteousnesse and life For if we receiue not Christ by faith and Gods mercy in Christ Christ and the mercie of God can profit vs nothing vnto iustification and life Howbeit we be heere to remember that whereas God offereth righteousnesse and life vnder condition of faith yet doth he not so respect faith in vs which is also his owne gift as he doth the obiect of faith which is Christ and his owne free mercy in Christ which must be apprehended by faith for it is not so much our faith apprehending as Christ himselfe and Gods mercy apprehended in him that is the cause wherefore God performeth the promise of his couenant vnto vs to our iustification and saluation Wherefore the condition of the couenant of grace is not faith onely nor the obiect of faith only which is Christ but faith with Christ that is The condition of the couenant of grace the faith that shall apprehend Christ or Christ with faith that is Christ which is to bee apprehended by faith Note then briefly this howe these three are one in substance the ground of the couenant of grace the condition of it and the cause wherefore God performeth the condition yet in reason they differ something For Iesus Christ is the ground being absolutely considered without any respect of application vnto vs. But Christ is the condition of the couenant as he is to be applied vnto vs and must be embraced by faith for euerie condition is of a future thing to be done And the cause also of the performance of the couenant is Iesus Christ alreadie embraced and applied vnto vs by faith Wheras Paul then saith that we are iustified by faith his meaning is that wee are iustified by Christ applied vnto vs by faith alreadie in our effectuall calling which by order of nature goeth euer before the
they say that hope is not simply and absolutely certaine for there is nothing more vncertaine then these things in which they place some or rather the chiefe cause of the certainty of hope Concerning the absolute certainty of hope these bee some testimonies of Scripture Psal 31. In thee O Lord haue I hoped let me not be confounded for euer He that trusteth in the Lord shall be as mount Sion which shall not be moued for euer Psal 125. Rom. 5. We reioyce vnder the hope of the glorie of God And after Hope maketh not ashamed Rom. 8. We are saued by hope Phil 1. 20. According to my earnest expectation and hope that I shall not be ashamed Rom. 9. Whosoeuer beleeueth in him shall not be confounded And thus much of hope CHAP. XXXIII Of Charitie or Loue. AMong the principall effects of Faith charitie is reckoned in the next place after hope and Paul knits them together as the three special graces of the holy ghost Faith hope charitie 1. Cor. 13. There are three saith he faith hope and charitie and the greatest of these is charitie The Apostle knits these together and we do not seuer them specially for that Gods loue is a certaine bond vniting vs to God together with the bond of faith which is the primary and principal For this cause Peter saith that our communion with Christ now absent from vs doth consist loue faith And this moueth vs in the third place after faith to intreat of Charitie in this treatise of our effectuall calling And charitie or loue proceedeth from that sweet apprehension and taste of the Lord for that taste stirs vp in the heart an exceeding loue of the Lord VVhence loue proceedeth and of our neighbour for the Lords sake And when as Charitie hath receiued this life by Faith it becomes the instrument of Faith whereby it worketh other effects of the Spirit as the gifts of knowledge of prophesying of tongues and of miracles These also are the instruments meanes wherby iustifying faith worketh but the principal is loue for which cause it is said Gal. 5. that faith worketh by loue and loue with the works or fruits thereof among all signes and testimonies giues the surest euidence Loue the best euidence of faith vnto faith If this be compared with other graces of Gods Spirit it must be preferred before them all for it hath the third place after Faith Therefore if ye set aside Faith and hope loue hath the first place of all the graces of y e holy Chost and is as it were the soule of all gifts which followe after it For this cause the Apostle 1. Cor. 12. 13. hauing numbred diuers gifts of the holy Ghost saith That if these graces wanted loue they were either as dead or as nothing or should profit nothing Whereby he giues vs to vnderstand that all other vertues haue no soundnesse in them if ye seuer them from loue but to be onely certaine dead shadowes of vertues We may therefore iustly call charity the life of all gifts and graces which follow it If the aduersaries had contented themselues with this prerogatiue of Charity they had not erred but for that Popish charitie they auouch it to be also the life and forme of faith herein they sin greatly that faith rather contrarily is the life of charity for that without Faith there is no man hath but the dead shadowe of Loue. Wherefore the faith of Christ is the principall life or soule both of charity and of all other vertues for without it they are all but vaine and counterfeit and very sinnes before God for whatsoeuer is not of faith is sinne The primarie obiect of loue is the same with the obiect of faith and hope For what wee first apprehend by faith and next expect in hope the same we embrace in Obiect of loue loue The secondary obiect of loue is our neighbor whō we loue in and for the Lord. The subiect of loue is the heart for we loue with the heart as the Apostle speaketh Loue out of a pure heart 1. Thess 1. 5. The nature thereof is not in knowledge nor in hoping but in louing In loue two things are principally to Nature of loue be respected first a diligent endeuour for the prescruation of that we loue next an earnest affection to be vnited and conioyned with it both which we see are to bee respected in the loue of God and of our neighbour The properties of loue are many 1. Cor. 13. 4. c. For whereas loue is there is a heape of vertues for Charitie is neuer alone in any man but hath euer many other vertues as companions handmaids attending on it Of the premisses ye may gather some definition of faith as namely that Loue is an holy endeuour for the preseruation of that which is beloued whether God or man with an earnest desire Loue defined to be vnited vnto it For loue is that bond as the Apostle speaketh whereby the members of the body are knit together And it serues also in some sort and place to vnite vs vnto God and Christ notwithstanding that the communiō of Christ the head of his body the church be principally to be ascribed vnto faith And in this respect loue goes before iustification and is a branch in our effectual calling euer going together with faith hope repentance For which cause principally I thought good to speak of it briefly in this Treatise after faith and hope for that faith wherein we say consisteth the second part of our effectuall calling hath these for inseparable companions faith hope repentance after which followes our iustification by order not of time but of nature But in another respect loue followes iustification and appertaineth to the grace of regeneration but of this we shal speake in fit place Now to returne to our purpose the definition giuen before is not so much of loue it selfe as of the worke and function thereof For Loue is properly an affection holy A larger definition of loue or sanctified and not so onely but also supernaturall caried vp to loue those things which are aboue nature and exceed all naturall affection for like as faith is of those things which excell all naturall knowledge and apprehension and hope is of those things which excell all naturall expectation so Loue also is of those things which be aboue the reach of all naturall affection For as wee haue often before admonished this our new-birth in Christ Iesus is not so much a restoring of vs to that image of Adam which he had before his fall as vnto the image of Christ who is a spirituall and an heauenly man in whom and by whom we haue not onely so to speake a naturall sanctitie or holinesse but also doe receiue from him a certaine heauenly and supernaturall vertue and efficacie infused into all affections and powers of the soule But this our supernaturall condition as yet
wil desire euen that which of it own nature is indifferent because he doth wil it neither in that manner nor to that end he ought Now concerning the estate of regeneration the question is whether the regenerate man hath his free-will I answer if you define free-will to be a liberty or power to choose or wil they say any of both sides First in things indifferent we say that he hath this liberty Secondly wee do not denie vnto him this liberty also in things good euil for seeing there is double act a double form in the wil of the regnerat man to wit the forme of holines and the form of corruption because he hath the first fruits of the new man and the remnant of the old it cannot be but that the neere power of his will be double also one inclining vnto good the other declining vnto euill So that this receiued definition of free-will seemes vnto mee to agree best with the will of the regenerate person But if you define liberty to consist of a power not constrained tending to good only and not to euill then verily the man regenerate is not so free but proceedes only to this liberty which shall at length be perfected in another life Finally concerning the estate of glorification the question is whether man whē he shall be glorified shall haue this liberty of will I answer if you define free-will a power to make choise of either part euen in good things and in euill then I say man in this state of glorification shall not haue it For hee shall haue that neere power to good only because of that forme of holinesse or glorie rather wherewith then his will shall be indued withall I deny not that there shall be in him also a remote power to euill in respect of the necessarie mutability of the creature but this remote power shall neuer be a neere power because God shall for euer strengthen him and sustaine him in y t state of glorie But if you follow that latter definition of free-will the glorified person shal at length be set free for he shal wil that only which is good and acceptable to God and that without constraint and for euer Man had free wil in the state of innocency according to the image of that diuine liberty but in the estate of glorification wherein he shall come more neere vnto the image of his God and shall beare the image of that heauenly man Iesus Christ his wil shall be much more free and far more ready to that which is good only And thus haue we spoken hitherto of the liberty of will that is of that propriety or naturall quality of the wil. Now we be to speake of * free-will But there be which referre the word Arbitrium to the mind for that they deeme it is nothing els but the iudgement of the mind which goeth before the free action of the will but the word free they say doth pertain to the wil notwithstanding I think the word Arbitrium doth signify the decree of the wil it self that is that by this word we vnderstand the fūction of the will whatsoeuer it be whether it wil or nill whether it choose or reiect We ascribe liberty to this purpose or endeuour of the will and it is said to bee free euen as the will it self is called Free-will for that euer the propriety of the cause doth predicate as the Logitians speake both of the effect and of the action of the same cause Free-wil then is nothing els in my iudgment but the decree or endeuour of the wil which is without constraint and which proceedeth from some inward motion of the will and not from any externall constraining power A question may be demaunded whether the will when it doth freely execute his function office in willing freely or nilling any thing whether I say the mind and vnderstanding haue not some working herein I answer that obiect whatsoeuer it be which the wil y e free functiō therof doth respect is first discerned by the mind The iudgment aiso of the mind is two fold first simple Iudgment of the mind twofold and intelligible as when without any discourse and reasoning it iudgeth that this is good that is euil this is to be followed and that to be auoyded This iudgment of the mind is of the end or of some meanes seruing to the end which is but only one Next the iudgement of the mind is when as by discourse and arguing it iudgeth any thing to be good or euill to bee auoyded or to be followed This iudgment is where diuers meanes fall out of which after discourse had in the mind one is chosen and the other is reiected Now the obiect which by the mind and vnderstanding is in some sort shewed and discerned the will doth freely will or nill choose or refuse howbeit since the fal of man such is the confusion of these faculties or powers of the mind of man that what the vnderstanding iudgeth to be euill and disalloweth the very same doth the wil chuse and prosecute The disorder and confusion which is by nature in the soule of man and on the contrary that which the mind approueth for good and alloweth that very same the wil reiecteth Of the mind it may be demaunded whether it can discerne betweene good and euil approue the one improue the other This question must be answered by the consideration of that fourefold state of man But because the question chiefly is of the vnderstanding of man in the state of corruptiō whether that can approue or accept the good and reiect the euill our answer shal be accordingly We say therefore that if you vnderstand that neere power which is a consequent of that corrupt essential forme the mind of man in this state can but only allow that which is euil It may also allow that which is good in it selfe but not as it is truly good because it cannot allow it neither in the manner nor to the end it ought as is aforesaide of will But to approue that good which we call humane good the mind of man in the state of corruption is more inclinable but far is from intertaining any spirituall good at all for as the Apostle Saint Paul saith 1. Cori. 1. 2. 4. It iudgeth euery spirituall grace to be folly for the things which are of the Spirit of God are foolishnesse vnto him And thus farre haue we spoken concerning the freedome of mans wil or of free-will It followeth now that we speak next of the grace of God which is contrary to free will or to nature and which is not onely the principall efficient cause of Faith Hope repentance but also the sole efficient cause of them It followeth then that we treate next of the free grace of God CHAP. XXXVIII Concerning the free grace of God THe grace of God is the vndeserued fauour of God or it is that
whereby God fauoureth his creature without any desert of his Th' Apostle Grace described dooth intimate thus much Ephes 1. 9. in that he putteth no difference betweene these words Grace and a good pleasure for whereas he saith in that verse that God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had elected vs according to his free grace it seemes to bee spoken in the same sense and meaning with that which he said before in the same chapter ver 7. In him we haue redemption according to the riches of his grace for the grace loue of God are taken in differently one for another Ro. 9. 13. I haue loued Iacob This is that loue or that free grace wherewith from all eternity he loued Iacob Eph. 3. 19. That saith he You being rooted and grounded in loue c. And this is that grace whereby he loued vs from all eternity Tit. 3. vers 4. The grace of God as it respecteth mankindis called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or loue towardds Man Againe this word Grace is taken more generally then this word Mercy for whereas mercy doth properly respect such as are in misery sinners grace reacheth vnto al creatures of what kind or condition soeuer they be aswell to the blessed Angels as to sinful mē as may appeare by the salutation which Paul vseth to Timot. in the first second epistle where he wisheth first grace to Tymothy as being a more generall thing then in the second place mercy as a more particular thing restraining it to the Grace more generall then mercy person saluted For although in those salutations Grace and Mercy are taken metoymically for the blessings and benefits which are conferred and conueyed to men of Gods free grace and mercy yet hereby may appeare that the mercy of God which is the cause fountaine of these benefits hath not so generall an acception as grace For the meaning of the words is thus much as if the Apostle had sayd the benefits which God doth giue vs are freely bestowed vpon vs without any desert of ours and not only without desert but to vs which deserue to be punished with all the miseries and calamities that can be That it may further appeare that all the blessings and benefits of God are deriued and conueyed vnto vs by meanes of his grace and same fauour of God wee will search into and consider more deepely of the doctrine of grace God from and before all eternity purposed to be glorified specially in his grace Ro. 11. 32. God hath shut vp all in vnbeleefe that he might haue mercy vpon all In which place we may see the iustice of God to attend on his mercy and grace So in like manner all the other essentiall properties of God as his power and wisdome c. all which be subordained to serue his grace and mercy Hence it is that first of all God before all eternity past his decrees of grace to the praise and glory of his grace Ephe 1. 6. 12. The 1. decree of Gods free grace The first decree of Gods free grace was cōcerning the incarnation of his Sonne and the glorifying of him at the appointed time vnto the praise of his grace Concerning the decree of his Son Christ read Act. 2. 23. 4. 28. oncerning the loue of the father to Christ Colos 1. 29. Because the Father was well pleased in him where you may see that the loue of the Father is the cause why the fulnesse of the deity doth dwell corporally in Christ for it was of his admirable grace that God would haue flesh y t is so base and vile a creature to be vnited vnto God the glorious and incomparable creator The second decree proceeding 2. Decree of Gods free grace from grace was concerning the first creation of man after his owne image then after the fall concerning his restoring by his Sonne Iesus I trust vnto the image of his Sonne that is to say by calling iustifying and glorifying of man to the glory of Christ and to the praise of his own grace in his appointed time For the restoring and repayring of manking after the fall is summarily set downe in these three chiefe points read Eph. 1. 4. 5. Ro. 9. 11. Ro. 11. 5. 6. Hence followeth the execution of these decrees by same grace of God and the first execution was of the decree of God concerning man which by order of Execution of Gods free grace nature had the second place for that which was first in decree and ordination became the second in execution and contrarily that which was the second in decree and ordination became the first in execution Therefore the execution of the decree of God concerning man hath the first place and the same was of the free grace of God vnto the glory praise of the same grace Therfore the execution of the decree of God concerning man to speak some thing thereof was first the creation of man of Gods free grace after the image of his creatour and to the praise of that his grace Then after the fall of man followed the restitution of man of Gods free grace in and by his Sonne Christ to the glory of Christ his Sonne and to the praise of the grace of God the Father This repairing which is one of the parts of the execution of the decree of God concerning man consisteth of many parts all which proceede from the meere grace of God and first tend to the glory of Christ the head and our mediator between God man next to the praise of y e grace of God the father 1. Co. 3. 22. 23. Al things are yours you are Christs Christ is Gods And concerning this restoring of mankind before we come to the parts therof ye must be aduertised that in time it partly went before the execution of that decree concerning Christ the Sonne of God and partly did follow after it For before the fulnes of time came wherein Christ was manifested in the flesh God begā to restore mankind euen from the very fall of the first man that is men were called iustified and glorified and that partly by vertue of that decree concerning Christ which was from euerlasting partly because of the manifestation of the same Christ which was to come But when that fulnes of time came when Christ was now manifested in the flesh had suffered and was glorified this redemption of man was more fully and richly accomplished For Christ being now come works our restitution more effectually by his Gospel I meane his power is more effectually seene and knowne in our vocation iustification and glorification then it was before his incarnation Therefore the execution of the decree concerning Christ the Son of God which was first falleth now as it were into y e midst of the repairing of mankind or of the execution of the decree concerning mans redemption Wherefore we shal also speak thereof in the middle place that so from
religious and wise I hope shall finde them as iudicially comfortably and compendiously set downe and knit together as any one thing of this kinde as yet extant in the English tongue Next as for the argument of this booke our effectuall calling is one principall linke of the golden chaine of the causes of our saluation And it is the very first in the execution of Gods eternall decree of our election which manifesteth the euerlasting loue of God in Iesus Christ vnto the heart of euery beleeuer that almightie God should loue him being his enemie seeke him and finde him when he wandered in the maze and vanitie of his owne minde quicken him when hee lay dead in sinne loose him when he lay fast bound in the bonds of death inlighten him when he sate in extreame darkenes giuing him the spirit of grace and of faith by the Gospell to attend his holy calling and in time to reioyce with an exceeding ioy Rom. 5. 2. 3. therein Lastly for the translation albeit I haue not followed the authors words yet haue I endeuoured faithfully to deliuer his meaning in the plainest forme and in words most in vse among the people Horat. art non verbum verbo curabis reddere fidus interpres The Lord giue it a blessing wheresoeuer it shall rest among Gods elect of both these kingdomes Now right Worshipfull Maister Scot I come vnto yourselfe your most christian and holy loue in these cold and euill times as vnto all the Saint so specially to this good seruant of Christ like as it comforted him greatly in his latter dayes so assuredly it shall much refresh your owne heart not onely all your life but also much more I doubt not in the very houre of death There be three infallible notes knit together in one Scripture to iustifie our pretious faith vnto our owne hearts that we may be truely perswaded we are possest of that faith which shall iustifie vs before God loue to the brethren hospitalitie of loue and christian sympathie to the Saints in their 1. 2. afflictions Loue to the holy members of Christ 3. is often commaunded and commended in Ioseph in Moses in Nehemias in Daniel in Dauid who being aduanced to great dignities yet esteemed they nothing more then the good of the Church and to become seruiceable as it were by all meanes to the Saints To loue the seruants of Christ and to be beloued of * Rom. 15. 31. Philip. 1. 9. them it is as Saint Iohn saith an infallible argument that God hath taken vs by the hand loosened our * 1. Iohn 3. 8. bands and translated vs from death to life and from * 1. Pet. 2. 9. darknes into the glorious light of God All that talke of Charitie doe not loue the Saints that is the liuing members of Christ on earth We may discerne our loue to be sound by these notes First it is a flame which comes downe from God into our a Rom. 5. 5. Luk. 7. 47. hearts kindling as it were within vs and giuing vs no rest till we performe duties to the Saints And this is that which the Apostle meaneth when he willeth vs to b Heb. 10. 24. stirre vp one another vnto a paroxysme of loue Secondly hence it comes to passe that loue to the Saints being neuer colde is neuer idle in well doing and therefore proceedes the second note which the same Apostle calles c Heb. 6. 10. labour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Psalm 16. 4 5. of loue for that this loue trauailes by all meanes possible to doe good to the members of Christ Thirdly next this loue is sincere d Rom. 12. 9. voide of all dissimulation Fourthly and lastly it is e Hebr. 13. 1. Act 2. 42 46. constant consuming as a fire all offences f Phil. 1. 9. 10. and cannot bee quenched The second marke in the same Scripture of our most holy faith is g Hebr. 13. 2. hospitalitie of loue as the Syriack translation hath it not of lucre The Lord gaue often h Rom. 12. 10. 11 1. Pet. 4 9. 1. Tim. 3. 2. 15. 20. charge by his Apostles concerning this foreseeing the necessitie and afflictions of the Saints in the tenne bloodie persecutions which euen then began and were to follow The practise Hilariter excipere affabiliter tractare amiâ—â— dimittere of this we see commended in all ages in Abraham and Lot receiuing Angels they receiue them cheerefully they intertaine and vse them courteously they dismisse them louingly So did Bethuel Eleazar so did Iethro Moses so did Manoah the Angell of God so did the good olde man of Gibeah the Leuite and his wife so did Obadiah the Prophets so did the widow of Zarephath Elias so did the Sunamite Elisha so did Mary often receiue Christ so did the Tanner and Cornelius Peter Lydia and the Iayler the Apostles Aquila and Priscilla Paul Phebe and Stephanus many and Gaius the whole Church at Corinth All these are Chronicled in the booke of God as most memorable presidents for all ages The third note of the precious faith of Gods elect in the same place annexed is Christian sympathy to the seruants of Christ in all their afflictions This grace is found when loue hath set on fire our very i Matth 9. 36. Philip. 1. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bowels as the holy Ghost speaketh that in all their passions it fils vs with a feeling and a tender compassion This stirres vp men to k Matth 25. 36. visit the members of Christ in all their miseries to consider l Psalm 41. 1. wisely of their afflictions to m Rom. 12. 15. mourne when they mourne to n Rom. 12. 13. distribute to their wants and so to proceede on to the duties of instruction admonition consolation instant and o Iam. 5. 13. 20 feruent in prayer and to adde confession of sinnes with fasting if the state and heauines of the affliction so require These things I write vnto you right Worshipfull first not so much for your instruction as for the edification and confirmation of others in this frozen age wherein carnall and selfe loue and all iniquitie increaseth and loue to the Saints decreaseth and waxeth cold as Christ hath p Matth. 24. 12 forewarned vs a manifest signe that sauing faith faileth in most places euen where it is professed most Secondly I write thus vnto you for that you haue been taught of God as I heare to practise these things and to obserue the Canons of Christ in his Gospell concerning loue to the Saints This holy seruant of Christ Maister Rollocke if he were liuing could and would testifie of your sincere loue when you intertained him into your owne familie respecting his wants with all compassion and tendernes of heart The most prouident ruler of Heauen and earth which hath shed by the working of his holy spirit this precious loue into your heart will fully
is he who heareth the word and by and by receiues it with ioy yet hath no roote in himselfe but is for a time and when persecution and trouble ariseth because of the word is offended presentlie To the same purpose reade I. uk 8. 13. Of this faith see also Heb. 6. 4. 5. For it cannot be that they which haue beene once inlightened and tasted of the good word of God and of the powers of the world to come if they fall awaie c. To conclude of this faith ye haue Ioh. 5. 35. He namely Iohn was a burning and a shining candle and ye would for a time haue reioiced in his light The reason of the name is this it is called Temporarie because it endures but for a time and it endureth but for a time because it hath no roote It hath the same obiect with iustifying faith which is properly so called namely Iesus Christ with his benefits offered in the word of the Gospell and in the Sacraments wherein it differs from historicall faith which hath for the obiect thereof the vniuersall truth It hath The subiect of a temporary faith the same subiect with iustifying faith for it hath it scat both in the mind and also in the will and heart Last of all it hath as many parts of nature as the iustifying faith hath For it is a knowledge of the vnderstanding conioyned with both the iudgements of the mind it is the apprehension of the wil or heart whereout follweth also the stirring of the affections as of ioy delight c. But that I may speake a little more largely of this apprehension which is in Temporarie faith and of this ioy First it is certaine by the scripture that these things are in the Temporarie faith For Christ saith in Matth. That hee which is but for a time doth receiue the word and that with ioy And in Ioh. The Iewes are said to haue reioiced for a time in the light of Iohn Baptist And to the Hebr. How the historicall and temporary saith differ one fro another and both from the iustifying there is attributed to this faith not onely the enlightening of the mind but also the taste of the heart and that performed not onely by the word but also by the Spirit for he saith They which haue beene made partakers of the holy Ghost Therefore in Temporarie faith there is indeede a kind of apprehension there is indeede a certaine ioy wherein Temperarie faith differeth from historicall faith For in historicall faith these things are not indeed but he that hath it doth faine and dissemble and lie in his outward profession that he hath these things wherfore he is a shamelesse hypocrite But hee that hath temporarie faith hath these things indeede apprehension I say and ioy after a certaine manner neither doth he so faine or sie as he that hath an historical faith yet he is an hypocrit because this apprehension and this ioy are not sincere albeit after a certaine manner they be true I say they are not sincere because they are not for that cause for which they should be that is they are not for Christ himselfe offered in the preaching of the Gospell they are not for Gods sake they are not for his glory nor for those heauenly benefits of Christ his righteousnes and eternall life but they are for other causes as for the newnesse of the Gospell which is to bee vnderstood in that place Ioh. 5. 35. He was a burning a shining candle and ye would haue reioiced for a time in his light namely for the newnesse of the matter Secondly they be because of a licentiousnesse to sinne which men by and by snatch to themselues vpon the hearing of free iustification by Christ and Christian liberty To conclude they are for riches honours and other commodities of this life Now seeing the Temporizing professor hath these causes propounded to himselfe in hearing and receiuing the word and in reioycing it must needes be that these are not sincere in him For nothing is done sincerely vnlesse it bee Synceritie done in respect of the glorie of God And herein differs Temporarie Faith from iustifying For the iustifying Faith doth all things for Christ himselfe for God himselfe for the heauenly and spirituall benefits of Christ as much as it can for mans infirmity Out of this therfore it followes that the Temporizer is also an hypocrit seeing he is not sincere and that the Temporizer is an hypocrit temporary faith is hypocriticall seeing it is not sincere Out of that againe that it is not sincere another thing followeth namely that it is not sound firme for nothing that is not sincere can be sound For those causes vpon which it depends are not sound as for example those worldly things as riches honours of the world c. In which thing temporary Faith differeth from iustifying Faith for iustifying Faith as it is sincere so it is sound For of that it is said Col. 2. 5. And the stedfastnesse of your The difference betwene a temporary faith and true iustifying faith faith in Christ For iustifying Faith is as it were a solide body consisting of three dimensions length bredth depth for it possesseth the depth and lowest of the heart but temporary Faith is not a body with three dimensions but only a surface sticking in the vpper part of the heart for it is not either a sound light enlightening all the heart or a sound apprehension arising from the bottome of the heart or to conclude a sound ioy possessing the whole body but all these things are only superficiall in the temporary Faith Whereupon Heb. 6. that apprehension of heauenly things which is therein is compared to tasting or sleight touching seeing that the heart doth but as it were with the tip of the tongue lightly tast those heauenly things and not quite drinke them vp and receiue them into it selfe Againe out of this that temporarie Faith is not sound another thing also followeth namely that it doth not endure for euer but onely for a time For that which is not sound is not durable and perpetuall but only temporary Wherein also it differeth from iustifying faith which as it is sound so it is perpetuall and constant From this property this faith tooke her name and was called temporary now this property doth presuppose the two other going before namely first that it is not sounde secondly that it is not sincere albeit it bee in some sort true While I consider somewhat more diligently of the cause of these three properties I found that it is not to be imputed so much to those outward things for which this faith doth apprehend Christ in the word and reioiceth in him as to the inward euill affection of the heart For the heart of man as Christ sayth is stony ground that is it is neither good nor honest of it owne nature Now we measure this goodnesse and honesty
appeareth not vnto men neither doe we sufficiently feele it and find it our selues but it shall be seene in another life when as we shall put on beare the image of that heauenly man 1. Cor. 15. 49. Now we are called the sonnes of God but as yet it appeareth not what we shall be but we know it shall come to passe that we shal be like vnto him when he shall appeare 1. Io. 3. 2. The Aduersaries spend all their labour in setting forth the commendations of loue and they be too long in extolling charitie For they adorne it with the spoiles of iustifying faith so gracing it with stolen colours and not with it owne proper beautie ascribing the iustification and saluation of man which they take away from faith vnto charitie as shall be seene when we come to speake of the doctrine of free iustification And thus farre shall suffice of charity or loue CHAP. XXXIIII Of Repentance REpentance followeth faith as the effect followeth his cause For that godly sorrow which is according to God and worketh repentance is the daughter of Faith as we shall see afterward Of this benefit there are diuers names in diuers languages The Hebrues do cal it TESCHUBHAH the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is of a verbe which signifieth to bee wise after a thing is done to retract his sentence to change his mind to returne to a right mind Whereupon Repentance is nothing els but an after wit a reuersing of iudgment and chaunge of determinations The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is of the verbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to be carefull and anxious after a thing is done Wherupon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is nothing els but a trouble and disquietnesse of heart after a thing is acted Therefore these two Greeke words differ for that the first concerneth properly the mind or vnderstanding the second the heart and affection They differ also in another respect in that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 comprehendeth the whole worke and benefit of Repentance for the change of the mind which is implied in this word doth necessarily presuppose the sorrow of the heart and that same 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is a contrition an axnietie after the fact committed whereas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is rather restrained to signifie only a part of this benefit namely the first which consisteth in sorow in contrition and the disquiet of the heart after a thing is done for it followeth not that wheresoeuer this same cōpunction of of heart be there should presently follow that sound Repentance as it is necessarie that wheresoeuer sound Repentance be found there also must be that compunction of heart Some there are which make a third difference betweene these two affirming that this sound Repentance properly belongs to the godly and to the Elect and onely to them for the elect onely properly and in very truth become wise after their fals and they doe onely change their minds and their purposes returne to a sound mind whereas some compunction and disquietnesse of heart doth not onely belong to the godly and the elect but also to the wicked and to the Reprobates in whom there is found after a sin committed some griefe and disquietnesse of heart not so much for the sinne committed as for the punishment of the sinne But we are to vnderstand that wheresoeuer this same sorrow is attributed to the wicked there is not vnderstood hereby that godly care and sorrow which is according to God but a worldly sorrow and a sorrow which is vnto death In which sense it is attributed to Iudas Mat. 27. 3. Iudas repented himselfe but contrariwise when it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is attributed to the Godly thereby is signified not so much a sorrow for the punishment of sinne it selfe as for the offence and displeasure of God Thus farre of the Greeke names of Repentance The Latines do call it a Conuersion an after-wit to returne to heart and vnderstanding and repentance Conuersion Conuersio Resipiscentia doth fitly answer with the Hebrue word and it is a word which the Prophets haue vsed in the old Testament Teschubbah Conuert me O Lord and I shall be conuerted Ier. 31. Euen as Christ and his Apostles themselues vse the foresaid Greeke words in the newe Testament of Repentance and Compunction of heart A change of the mind is properly signified in the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 change the mind is to begin to be wise after the deede done Penance is signified in the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for it is deriued of the verbe Poenitere which signifieth a punishment for in this kind of repentance that sorrow and anxietie of the heart is a punishment For as the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth differ from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so doth poenitentia penance from the word Resipiscentia Resipiscentia Repentance For to passe by other differences the word Penance signifieth properly one part onely of this benefit to wit sorrow disquietnesse and anxietie after the deed done But the word Resipiscentia which is a change of the mind doth comprehend this whole benefit for the change of the mind and to become wise after our fals doth necessarily presuppose the sorrow of the heart as the efficient cause The old Latine translation doth translate both the Greeke words euery where Poenitentia Penance The aduersaries doe earnestly contend that the word Penance is euerie where to be retained to wit that they may defend the Sacrament of Penance as they call it euen by the very name it self to consist in externall and corporall affliction The word Resipiscentia which signifieth a change of the mind is more vsed by our Diuines when they speake of this grace And thus much concerning the names of this benefit The parts thereof are generally these first sorrow then after sorrow a chang of the mind purpose which Parts of Repentance is properly as is afore said signfied by the Greeke word vsed for repentance Wee are therefore first to speake of sorrow which is the first part of repentance and this sorrow is of two kinds First for the punishment of sin which 2. Co. 7. is called The sorrow of the world and also a sorrow Sorrow twofold which is to death Secondly it is a sorrow for the sinne it selfe and because of the offence which is committed against God which in like manner is called of the Apostle A sorrow according to God Of both these we will speake seuerally The principall efficient of the first sorrow which is conceiued in heart for the punishment of sin is the holy Ghost which Rom. 8. verse 15. 16. is called the spirit of bondage to feare that is to say which testifieth vnto vs of our seruile and miserable condition
are infinite And as concerning the liberty or selfe power which they ascribe to the will of man how many euidences of scripture might be produced to refell y e same Ioh. 6. 44. No man can come Propiqua materia to me except the father which sent me draw him Rom. 8. 5. The wisdome of the flesh it is not subiect to the law of God neither indeede can be 1. Cor. 2. 14. The naturall man perceiueth not the things which are of God for they are foolishnesse to him neither can he discerne them These places of scripture and other such like are to be vnderstood of that neere power of the wil vnto good which therfore the scripture denieth to man in his corruption because there is in him no holinesse left since the fall of Adam For as touching the remote power of the will vnto good which is a consequent of the matter not of the forme we do not deny that it is in the wil of a man vnregenerat And that this also becomes of a remtoe power a neere power so soone as any holynesse is wrought in the will of man by the spirit of Iesus Christ Seeing then we leaue this remote power to the will of the vnregenerate man that is a certaine power of the cause materiall there is no cause why our aduersaries should say that we make men very stocks and blocks because we denie free will vnto them For this power of the materiall cause vnto good which we ascribe vnto the will of man vnregenerat may not truly be ascribed to any dead stock or trunke We must vnderstand in this place that wheras we deny this neere power to the vnregenerate that is a liberty to good we meane hereby that which is good as it is truly good For euen the vnregenerate person may wil that which is good in it selfe as the conseruation of his countrey iustice equity c. But that which in it selfe is good becomes euill in some sort in regard of the man vnregenerat who dooth not will well that which is good in it selfe that is to say neither in that manner nor to that end doth he will it as he ought to will it because himselfe is not good and cleane and to the vncleane all things are vncleare as to the cleane all things are cleane Tit. 2. 15. Againe be aduertised that in this matter of free will I hold that there is one the same reason of good things of what kind soeuer they be naturall or ciuil and humane or spirituall for the vnregenerat man hath not this liberty or neere power to any good thing as it is good and acceptable to God and agreeable to his law albeit by nature his will is most farre estranged from spirituall things which the naturall man perceiueth not which as the postle saith He cannot know yea they are foolishnes vnto him By spirituall good things I meane faith hope repentance iustification eternall life it selfe There is no cause therefore why our aduersaries should ascribe faith hope repentance to the liberty of our will that is to say to the strength of nature as to the principal efficient cause of the same as if we by nature the strength thereof could beleeue could hope and truly conuert our selues vnto God But to the intent this thing may yet be more manifest we must vnderstand that there bee two kinds of good things the one is of humane good things the other is of kinds of good things diuine and spirituall good things Humane good things are either morall and pertaine to euery priuate man or Oeconomicall and pertaine to a mans family or they are Politicall and pertaine to the whole common-wealth or to the whole City Spirituall good things are faith hope repentanceiu stification sanctification life eternall To both these kinds of good things mans will is not like affected for vnto humane things or vnto humane good things it is somewhat more inclined as for example nature doth incline vnto temperancy fortitude liberality iustice albeit it doth neither will nor choose these things which in themselues are good in that manner or to that end it ought Whereby it commeth to passe that those things which in themselues are good yet in respect of him who is vnregenerate become euill and very sinnes before God And concerning things spirituall the nature of man is more estranged from them and when they offer themselues to the will nature it selfe doth wholy abhorre from them This thing may be yet more plain by example experience There are two certaine good things to wit iustice by works and iustice by faith which is called the iustice Righteousnes by works naturall or rightcousnes of God we all haue experience that our will naturally is inclined to that righteousnesse which is by works and which is a certain humane good thing Hence it comes that euen to this day all the world following nature seekes to be iustified by good works But the same will doth wholy abhorre and vtterly dislike that righteousnesse whichis by faith the reason is because it is a certaine spirituall vnknown good thing Hence it comes to passe that so few seeke to be iustified by faith and by the alone mercy of God in Iesus Christ By this and other such like examples it appeares that mans will is more inclined by nature to humane good things and wholy to abhorre spirituall good things Albeit in truth to speake exactly it is inclined to no good at all as it is truly good It is not inclined at all no not to those humane things as they be truly good and acceptable vnto God for it wils them neither in that maner neither to that end it ought So far forth then as it willeth them euen those things that are good in themselues are sins and vnpleasing to God Notwithstanding they differ from those euils and sinnes which euen in themselues in their own nature are sinnes as manslaughter adultery theft and in which I graunt there be more degrees of sin for in these things men sinne both in the substance of the things themselues and in the manner of doing and in the end And the will of man vnregenerate is more inclinable vnto these things by it owne nature then vnto those things which are good in themselues For first it is caried of it owne accord to those which are euill in themselues Secondly it hath but some inclination to things humane which in their owne kind are good Lastly it doth wholy abhorre spirituall good things before regeneration Againe I conclude that humane good things so farre forth as mā vnregenerate doth wil them become in som sort euill and the man vnregenerate doth sin in the very desire of them which thing also is true in things indifferent which are neither good nor euill in themselues For so far forth as man vnregenerate doth will them so far forth they become euill and the vnregenerate man doth sin when he doth