Interdict the only Ecclesiastics that went out of the Republic were the Iesuits and Capuchines wherof the first was banish'd the other dismiss'd the rest did still officiat alledging that the difference 'twixt the See of Rome and the Signory was not touching any point of the Catholic Faith But at Rome her self it was expected that the sayed Interdict wold produce three effects 1. That the Religious wold al depart 2. That the Cities and peeple seeing themselfs depriv'd of Church Offices wold raise a sedition and so force the Senat to give the Pope satisfaction 3. That the Nobility upon this occasion might be disordered terrified and divided among themselfs but none of all these three effects hapned for the Senat was greatly united in their resolutions the City of Venice and common peeple kept themselfs in wonderfull obedience and this so generall a calm did not only proceed from the voluntary conformablenes of the peeple but also from the providence of the Senat and diligence of the Magistrat who provided for all accidents Besides this great affair was conducted with so much prudence and dexterity that no bloud of any man was shed for contempt or mutiny which made the world to stand at a gaze that so great a Body and Government shold be kept npright without any violence execution or the least shock given notwithstanding ther were many under practises us'd afterwards The Jesuits in ev'ry place wher they had taken footing did put all irons in the fire and fell a beating them to brand the Republic of Venice insomuch that her Ambassadors receav'd affronts in som places as in Poland and Prague but it was by privat persons for which they had satisfaction from the Emperour and the King of Poland for the Signory was not so carelesse but she sent a punctuall account of all these traverses 'twixt the Pope and Her Genoa and Savoy was also displeas'd with Her because both they had bin succumbent to the Popes Censures before and submitted Among other Princes Iustiniano the Venetian Ambassador residing then in London had command to acquaint the King of England with his Contrasto 'twixt the Pope and the Senat. King Iames after he had very attentively heard the relation of the Ambassador shew'd how well he accepted that esteem and highly commended the Laws of the Republic adding that he long'd to see the whole Church of God reform'd to which end he much desir'd a free Councell to determine so many controversies which have no other cause but the usurpations of the Roman Bishops in which desire he thought the King of France and other Princes wold joyn with him that perhaps God meant to produce this happines out of these troubles of the Signory that he had sent word therof to Pope Clement then when he was mov'd by him the first time he came to the Crown of England to unite himself to the Roman Church but he wold not hear any thing of a Councell that this union was much to be desired but clearly ther was no other means to effect it then by a Generall Councell he added moreover that that ruine of the Church proceeded from this that the Popes esteem'd themselfs as Gods and were so corrupted by flattery that 't was no marvail they could give no ear to any reason and if they proceeded oftentimes with such precipitation The separated States of Holland writ letters full of of affection unto the Republie upon this occasion offring Her a supply of Arms Ships and Victualls if the case requir'd with any other good office of friendship All Christian Princes were sensible of this rupture 'twixt the Pope and the Republic specially the Roman Catholikes in whose Courts the Venetian Ambassadors did refrain for a while to go with the rest into their Chappell 's after the accustomed manner The Duke of Savoy did appear more against the Republic then any other not treating her Ambassador as formerly though he took hold of another occasion because She had written to his children by the title of Excellency not of Highnesse The Republic apprehending som fears that such a confederacy might be procur'd against Her by Pope Paul the eight as was by Iulius the second who carried fire in his hands She was very willing that matters might be reconcil'd by the mediation of other Princes wherin Mons. du Fresne stir'd more vigorously then any other by order from Henry the IV. of France his Master the Duke of Mantoua also offer'd to com to Venice in disguize to know their intentions and then passe to Rome of purpose to treat with the Pope for an attonement The Senat took this as a very high respect and sayed that the Republic who us'd to be accounted the Right Hand of Rome wold do nothing unworthy of her self and it was just that he who had first offended shold repair the offence therfore it was fitting that the Pope shold revoke his Censures and so open the way to a Treaty for no wound can heal till the inflammation be taken away While this difference lasted 'twixt Rome and Venice a certain writing was affix'd at Vicenza and other places wherin the Republic was exhorted to shake off the Popes Yoke calling him Antichrist c. The Senat was much mov'd herat therfore they caus'd a rigorous Baâ—… to be publish'd wherin they promis'd a large reward to him or them that shold discover the Author of that infamous paper giving charge that a diligent search shold be made after the Authors but none being found 't was thought to be an artifice of the Jesuits to induce the Venetian therby to com the sooner to an accord with the Pope The King of Spain in these doubtfull traverses of things writ a Letter full of terms of reverence and complement unto the Pope that if need were he wold joyn his temporall Arms to maintain the spirituall Arms of the Church to which purpose he had written both to his Viceroy of Naples and Governor of Milan upon the receit of this Letter ther were Bonfires made at Rome and the flames of the fire flew upon the wings of fame all Christendome over which gave the Republic such an alarm that She began by Land and Sea to arm apace She was offer'd assistance if need were from som of the Greek Christians that were subjects to the Turk as also from the reformed Churches of France but she wav'd both but it was thought that this Letter of the Spanish King wherin he promis'd warlike succours to the Pope was not a thing really meant but only to terrifie the Republic and bring her the sooner to an agreement which appear'd in regard he had sent expresse commands to Don Innigo de Cardenas his Ambassador residing in Venice to propound som Overtures of Treaty wherupon he propos'd to the Duke and the Senat That his Catholic Majesty affecting the conservation of peace desir'd that the disgusts 'twixt his Holines and the Republic might cease to which end he had commanded all
Patrons Page 23 The Governors of the two Castles in Corfù never to meet upon pain of death Page 29 Rare glasses made in Venice Page 38 Glassmakers much esteem'd for their Art Page 39 Giovani Mauritio Duke of Venice Page 59 Giovani Partitiatio put off the Dukedom and confind to a Monastery Page 60 The Greeks taught first the use of Bells by the Venetian Page 61 Giovani Partitiatio Duke of Venice who voluntarily deposd himself Page 61 The Gnoway defeated by the Venetian at Trapani Page 72 Genoa vayld to Venice as Carthage to Rome at last Page 74 Genoa shrewdly beaten in the pontick Sea by Venice Page 75 Gallipole in Calabria taken by the Venetian Page 84 Genoa held Famagosta in Cypria above ninty yeers Page 98 H. The habit of the Duke of Venice Page 11 The habit of the Duke with the Iewells he wears upon festivall dayes valued at above 100000 cr Page 11 The heir of Venice answerable for his Fathers faults Page 12 A horse a monster in Venice Page 54 The high Epithetts which are given Venice above the rest of the Townes of Italy Page 55 Horteo Hypato Duke of Venice Page 58 Heraclea utterly demolishd Page 59 The Hunns overcom by the Venetians Page 61 Henry the Emperour comes to Venice Page 65 Part of Hierusalem given to Venice Page 67 Honor don by the Pope to the Venetian Page 68 Hermolao Barbaro punished for receaving dignities from the Pope Page 85 Henry the 8. of England the great instrument of the French King and the Popes release Page 89 Henry the 3. of France comes to Venice Page 132 How the King of Polands borther intercâ—…ded for the readmission of the Jesuits to Venice Page 198 How Venice Rome with the rest of the Princes of Italy carry themselfs in point of politicall interest Page 175 Holland and Venice of a diffring humor Page 180 I. Impossible for the Duke of Venice to becom Tyrant Page 6 Inhibition that Courtesands mingle not with honest Women in the Venetian Churches Page 8 Italy the â—…y of Europe Page 8 The Iudges of Venice Page 17 Of Istria Page 24 Of the I le of Corfou Page 29 Of the I le of Cephalonia Page 30 Of the I le of Zant Page 30 Of the I le of Candis Page 31 The incredible riches of St. Marks treasure Page 37 Iustinianos speech to Maximilian the Emperor in behalf of Venice not found in her Archies Page 73 Justiniano Duke of Venice Page 60 Justinopoli comes under the Venetian Page 61 The I le of Candie under the Venetian An inundation Page 71 Juluis the second incites all the Princes of Christendom against Venice Page 87 The Inquisition refus'd by Venice Page 94 The Iesuits expell'd from Venice with the causes therof recited at large Page 163 The Iesuits tenets Page 163 King James his Declaration touching the quarrell twixt the Pope and Venice Page 161 L. Long age argues strength of body in Epist. Lawes the ligaments of a State Page Ibid. The Lawes of Rhodes and Oleron the Prince for Sea affaires in Epist. The Lombards Kingdom extinguish'd in Italy Page 59 The lamentable end of one of the Dukes of Venice Page 60 Lotharius the Emperour endowes Venice with many immunities Page 60 Lesina and Spalato reduc'd to Venice Page 62 Pope Leo comes to Venice and endowes with many priviledges Page 65 Lesbos Same 's and Andros taken by the Venetian Page 67 Lemnos yeelded to Venice Page 80 The Legat of the Popes answer to the Venetian Generall Page 81 The league of Cambray like to destroy Venice Page 87 Lodovico Falieri employed Ambassador to Henry the 8. of England from Venice Page 90 A league against the Turk in Pius Quintus time the substance of it Page 101 New Lawes in Venice Page 134 Luca excomunicated Page 171 Lep anto battail at large Page 118 M. The maner and majesty how the Duke of Venice sitts Page 14 St. Marks Proctors the high dignity of their place Page 20 The Magistrats of Venice in generall Page 16 Of the marke of Treviso Page 24 St. Marks place Page 37 The Magistrats of old Rome and Venice parallell'd Page 45 Mariello Tegaliano Duke of Venice Page 58 Maaritio of Heraclea D. of Venice Page 59 St. Marks body transported to Venice from Alexandris Page 60 The Moors defeat the Venetian under Saba their Generall Page 60 The Moors ransack Rome Page 60 St. Marks Church burnt Page 62 Meniro Duke of Venice turnes Monkâ—… Page 62 Matilda restor'd to her Duchy of Ferrara by the help of Venice Page 65 Michaeli Duke of Venice goes with 200 Vessells to Joppa and frees her from the siege Page 66 The Marquis of Monferrat restord to his territories by the Venetian Page 79 Mocenigos speech to the Popes Generall Page 81 The maner of Mariages and Christnings in Venice Page 187 N. Nothing discovers the wisdom of a peeple more than the form of their government Page 9 Nothing so difficult as the Art of government Page 10 The neatnes of Venice Page 35 A notable speech against the Tribunitiall power Page 57 The Narentines debell'd by the Venetians Page 62 The Normans give a great overthrow to the Greeks and Venetians at Darazzo Page 65 A mighty defeat given to the Venetians by the Genowayes neer Corfù Page 72 A notable speech of Philip the second touching his Fathers resignations Page 93 A notable speech of a Turk before the battail of Lepanto Page 116 A notable speech of another Turk Page 116 A notable speech of the Turkish Generall Page 124 A notable answer of the Turkish Ambassador to King James Page 131 Nova Palma built in Friuli Page 135 A notable invective against Urban the eighth and his Nephews Page 172 The Navall strength of Venice reviewd Page 197 O. Of the three Republiques of Italy how they differ Page 9 Of the severall denominations of Kingdoms and Commonwealths Page 9 The Office of the Duke of Venice Page 12 Cardinall Ossatts opinion of Venice Page 183 Of the Colledg of Sages in Venice Page 14 The Officers of Venice Page 15 Of the great Chancelor Page 15 Originall of the Venetian Page 33 D. of Ossuna no frend to the Venetian Page 38 An old prophecy touching Venice Page 40 Old Rome and Venice Parallell'd Page 44 Of one who would have preferr'd a Spurrier to Q. Eliz. Page 54 Obeserio Duke of Venice Page 59 Otho the Emperour comes to Venice Page 62 Otho Urseolo Duke of Venice he marries the King of Hungarie's Daughter banish'd afterwards Page 65 Otho the Emperours son taken prisoner by the Venetians freed upon his Parole Page 69 Otho's wise speech and advice to the Emperour Frederic his Father Page 69 P. Peace alwayes preferr'd before war by Venice Page 4 The privat Arsenal of Venice Page 6 The Presse and Pulpit strictly regulated in Venice Page 7 The Pope a great temporall Prince Page 8 The Pope fittest to be umpire of differences in Italy with the reasons alledg'd Page 8 Paulutio
it's utilitie She hath a rule allso that malè positum saepiùs mutatur in pejus This makes her decrees irrevocable As one of her Ambassadors answer'd Henry the fourth of France when he interceded for the abrogation of a Decree of Hers Serenissime Rex Senatus Venetus diu deliberat antequam decernat sed quod seriò decrevit revocat nunquam Most gracious King the Venetian Senat doth deliberat a long time before it decrees any thing but when it is once seriously decreed 'tis never revoked Whereunto he added further gli Decreti di Venetia non sono comme ligridi di Parigi The Decrees of Venice are not like the cryes of Paris meaning the French edicts proclam'd to day and repeal'd to morrow To this maturity of deliberation may be added the gravity of her Senators and the exact reverence the younger sort bear not only to the persons but opinions of their Elders It is not there as in other places where young men make lawes for old men to observe they abhorre that inversion of the Law of Nature but gray heads sway and green heads obey so provident they are of the future when they consult of a busines to day they think what may befall 100 yeers after Nor is ther any admitted to their superior Councells till he be somwhat stricken in yeers untill he hath pass'd employments of public trust within her own Territories or Embassies abroad Touching this second service they have certain degrees which they observe in the removall of their Ambassadors for commonly one passeth from the Cantons of Swisserland to be Ambassador in Holland thence he is transmitted to England thence to France so to Spain and thence either to the Emperour or to be â—…ailio of Constantinople where he lives in great height and is not accountable for his expences as all other Ambassadors are nor ever after employed in any Legation But though She be so constant to her self at home in Her primitive constitutions and intrinsique goverment yet in her correspondency leagues and confederacies abroad She often varies and casts her cours of policy into new moulds as the Fortune of other Princes or States do rise or decline her principall aym being to keep not only the State of Italy but allso Spain and France which are the two poles whereon Europe may be sayed to move in Aequilibrio To keep them in a counterpoize 2. Another cause of the longaevity of this Republic may be allegd to be that She hath allwayes bin more inclind to peace than war and chosen rather to be a Spectatrix or Umpresse than a Gamestresse Her chief motto being Pax tibi Marce Insomuch that no Christian Prince or State except the Popedom hath labourd more by costly Legations to reconcile the quarrells of Europe and quench the fyre that issued out of them to the disturbance of the public peace as allso for preventing the advantages which the Common Enemy the Turk one of her next neighbours might take therby which hath bin the cause that for the sagacity of her men and maturenes of her Counsells She hath bin oftentimes desird to be Mediatrix of differences 'twixt the greatest Potentates which She hath don with that addresse and diligence as is admirable so that Thuanus gives her this character to be Civilis prudentiae officina the shop of civill prudence 3. A third reason for the continuance of this Republic in such a prosperous condition may be sayed to be the rare temper of her peeple who with exact obedience and promptitud execut what is enjoynd them by their Superiours so that it may be sayed of Venice what a grave Historian speaks of Sparta when he pass'd his judgment of Her Sparta diu stetit non quod Rex benè imperabat sed quia populus benè parebat Sparta lasted so long not as much that the Prince did command well as that the peeple did obey well Nor is the Venetian of so volatil an humor and so greedy of change as other Italians he is not so fickle as the Florentine Milaneze or they of Naples who as the History relates hath had eight and twenty revolutions with this last in lesse then 300. yeers in which time the Napolitan Courser threw off his Rider five times 4. Add herunto that the Venetians are mighty good Patriotts and love their Country in an intense degree every Gallie that goes in cours thinks she hath Venice her self aboard of her as if the print of that old Roman rule were stil fresh in their hearts Dulce decorum pro patria mori And as in this particular so in many qualities besides the soul of Rome seems to have transmigrated into Venice as shall be shewn herafter They are equally studious and eager to conserve the glory and greatnes of the Republic for which they have bin ever ready to part with their bloud and fortunes There are many examples how the women have bin ready to part with their braceletts earings and necklaces in time of extremity nay they have offered their very hair to make ropes for their gallies c. But though they continue still such great Zelotts to their own Country and goverment thereof they are not so to the Church of late years as it is observ'd and were it not for those confusions that ensued therby in other Countreys and the hatred they shold heap upon themselfs from their neighbours som think the Republic by this time would have drawn her neck from the Roman yoak which made Cardinall Ossat say that Venice hath now no more devotion to Rome than needs 5. A fiâ—…t reason that Venice hath continued a mayd so many Centuries of yeers is her advantagious site and position being seated in an arm or Estuary of the Adriatic Sea upon an Assembly of small Ilands to the nomber of above threescore consociated and leagud together by 800. and odd bridges so that sitting thus securely on Thetis lapp She need not fear any invasion by land or any approaches to her from sea without knowing Pilotts She hath as it were cutt the Ocean into so many aqueducts through her streets as we read Cyrus causd the River Pindes to be draind into 360. channels which he did out of a revenge because she had drownd one of his horses but Venice clean contrary doth this out of affection to Neptun that therby She might embosom her self the more easily between his armes This rare situation of the City of Venice induc'd divers to be of opinion That som superior power to man That som heavenly Intelligence had a hand in founding and tracing Her out 6. Sixtly This rare perpetuity of the Republic of Venice may be ascrib'd allso to her Tresure and Arsenal wherof the one is grown to be a proverb for riches the other for strength being stord with such huge Magazins of both The first could never be yet exhausted or estimated The other can in case of necessity put so many Gallies to the sea as ther be daies
heat 'twixt Venice and Ferrara Malateste was Generall to the Republic who did many notable exploits and brought the Ferrarois to a very low ebb at which time Pope Sixtus enjoyn'd the Venetians to lay down their arms by his Nuncio But the Senat answer'd somewhat roundly that the Republic was so far from entertaining this war without his Holines consent as they did it at first by his instigation that as then so now they did prefer peace not only before warr but before victory so it were seasonably sought and not on such conditions as might make their lenity to be interpreted indiscretion that they were confident his Holinesse actions had no privat ends but such as imported the common good of Christendome only in this it was notorious to the whole world that he dealt more subtilly then sincerely that for twenty years wherein both by Land and Sea they had bin singled out by dreadfull Ottoman none of the Princes of Italy contributed one drop of bloud towards the quenching of this neighbour flame but seem'd deaf to all sollicitations and same to all assistance But in this privat cause of Ferrara those who shrank back from the public quarrell could all bandy together not as if they wold arbitrat but enforce a peace that they humbly desir'd his Holinesse to ponder this businesse temperatly which others did passionatly and to let his own understanding advise him whither it more concern'd him to favour the Venetians or the Ferrarois as for them they were resolv'd to prosecut that war which by his advice they had undertaken hoping the successe wold prove as happy as the cause was just and honorable This was the substance of the Venetians Answer whereat the Pope was so incens'd that he excomunicated the Doge and the Senat having leagu'd himself with Frederick and Alfonso Duke of Calabria who came with two thousand men for succour of Ferrara among whom were four hundred Turks which he brought from Otrauto but they a while after ran away to the Venetians which though it was some advantage unto them yet they had an ill-favour'd disaster in the City at that time for the Dukes Palace was half burnt down The Republic having many potent enemies banded against Her by the instigation of the Pope employ'd Ambassadors to the French Army and Germane Princes with others to have a Generall Councell call'd wherin it might be lawfull to complain of the Pope or any other Herupon a while after Pope Sixtus apprehending some fears a Treaty was set on foot for a peace which was quickly concluded The Venetians a little before had taken Gallipoli in Calabria and though they lost neither honour or territory during this warr yet in lesse than two years it cost the Republic nere upon three millions MARCO BARBADICO succeeded next in whose time a trade was begun with Portugall to which purpose the Republic sent an Ambassador expresly to Lisbon Anno Dom. 1485. When this Duke was upon his death-bed there came a great Ambassador from Bajazet the Turkish Emperor with rich presents unto him but he enjoy'd them little He was buried with greater solemnitie than ordinary and the ceremonies which were us'd then continue constant to this day at the interment of Venetian Doges which is thus After the Duke is dead he is unbowell'd his body embalm'd and laid under a Canopie of gold with his gilt sword and spurres revers'd he is publiquely kept in the palace for three whole dayes then all the Companies in the City which are as many as ther be Trades do with their banners in solemn order go before the body after them followeth the Clergy next to them the mourners who are in great multitudes in sad funestous manner last of all come the Senat cloth'd in scarlet and purple to demonstrat that the City which is free doth never in mourning habit follow the Exequies of any Prince how vertuous soever In this manner and habit so soon as the body is brought into the Church they sit round about it whilst the memory of the deceased Prince is recommended to the peeple in a funerall Oration from thence the Senators returning to the Palace do publish the first Assembly for the creation of a new Duke AUGUSTIN BARBADICO brother to the defunct and Procurator of S. Mark succeeded most of the Princes of Germany bandy against Venice who met them about Trent where Sanseverino her gallant Generall the best soldier of those times was utterly routed and drown'd About this time there was a Fleet sent for the garding of Cyprus for divers aim'd at that dainty Iland therfore Georaio Cornari was sent thither by the Senat to induce the widdow Queen his sister adopted daughter to Venice to remit the government to the Senat retire to Venice to live among her kindred in contentment ease honor The Queen wonder'd at her brothers Proposition saying that she wold not for a world part with so sweet a Kingdom and that the Senat might be satisfied to have it after her death her brother replied with this charming subtill Oration Intreating her not to make more account of Cyprus than of her own dear Countrey because that worldly affairs being variable and inconstant it might in short space com to passe that she might be expuls'd it being so thought on already by divers potent Lords and her self envied by many of her Subjects who disdain'd to be govern'd by a woman therefore one only means was left her to prevent all these mischiefs which was seeing she had no children to transmit the Government of the Realm to the Venetian State now in her life time he added further that the Republic was well contented she shold rule as long as the times were quiet and free â—…from suspitions But now when all her Neighbours wait for an occasion and lay snares to surprize Her the Senat hath thought this onely remedy most expedient but if she fear'd not these dangers he be sought her to consider what she was likely to have fallen into the yeer before for had not the Republic rescued her with their Gallies she had bin in danger to have bin carried Captive to Constantinople It is good to foresee that which som odd accident or small errour may hurl us into and to prevent it fortune is blind and volable nor can we ever prevent our enemies designs nor can our friends be alwaies ready to help us when we want them there is a great distance by Land and a great Sea 'twixt the Adriatic Gulph and Cyprus This Madam you ought to remember and timely consider that though nothing enforc'd you thereunto yet what greater honor or more lasting glory can you leave behind you then to have bequeathâ—…d to your own Countrey so florishing a Kingdome and that Venice was augmented by a child of her own you shall still be a Queen and truly if the â—…ase were mine I shold desire rather to see my greatnesse with such safety in Cyprus out of
the peace lasted 'twixt Her and the Port but the Malteses making no account hereof the Venetian Gallies took from them a Galeon which they sent into Candy and not long after two Gallies more which being brought to Corfu all the Turkish slâ—… in them were set at liberty and the empty Gallies restor'd to the Knights The Veâ—…erians also the same year to satisfie the Turk caus'd publiquely to be beheaded Gabriele Meme a gentleman of Venice in regard that meeting with a Turkish Galeot passing from Algier to Constantinople with the Vice-Queen of that Kingdome and her children who carried rich â—…esents to â—…urath the sayed Heme put to the sword all the Turks in the sayed Galeot and freed the Christian slaves PASCHALE CICOGNA came to be the next Duke of Venice in his time an Academy was inâ—…uted in Venice at the instance of some choice gentlemen besides that exact and admirabld Fort Nova Palma in Friuli was erected with so much expence and enginry that miraculous high arch'd Bridge at the 〈◊〉 was reat'd up also in his time MARINI GRIâ—…ARCI succecded CICOGNA in the Government in his time a 〈◊〉 little waâ—…e happen'd 'twixt the Vscocâ—…ht and the Republic who committed daily depredations upon the Coasts of Dalmaâ—…ia and 〈◊〉 but they were quickly chastis'd and restrain'd by Phileppo Paschali Theodoro Balbi was also employed against some Barbary Pyrats who 〈◊〉 the Seas far into the Gulph he took from them three 〈◊〉 and set many hundred Christian slaves at liberty and so terrified them that they durst look no more that way Iâ—… fell out in this Dukes time that the Clergy of Padona having veâ—…emently pâ—…sted agâ—…inst Francisco Zabarella for the sute prefer'd to sell certain ancient â—…hurch Lands the Senat made a Decree that the Church shold not appropriat to her self rents possess'd by the Laity grounding that Decree upon a prohibition made by the Senat Anno 1333. that no 〈◊〉 shold be given or bequeath'd in perpetuity to any Church within the City and Signory of Venice and if any were left they shold be sold by a certain time prefixt and the money arising out of the sale to be o ly theirs alledging for reason that the Clergy who pretend themselfs and their goods to be exempt from all necessary charges belonging to the Common-wealth the nomber of them daily increasing and on the contrary that of the Citizens still decreasing who serve and bâ—…sie themselfs in the Civill Government and the quantity of their goods whereon the public revenue depends beginning to fail in the end all Wealth wold of necessity fall to the Clergy this Law was variously observ'd till the year 1536. when it was reduc'd to this form That none â—…f what quality soever shold gâ—…ve Lands to the Church but only for two years space after which time they shold be sold and if the sale were not made by the 〈◊〉 a Civill Magistrat shold be appointed to do it this being consider'd by the Senat it hath ever since bâ—…n practis'd generally throughout the whole Republic The year 1603. the Senat decreed that no Venetian Citizen of what 〈◊〉 soever shold within the precincts of the City without the Senats consent build any new Church Hospitall or Monastery yet did not the Senat totally prohibit any such buildings but because the Prince and State as Superâ—…ors wold consider whither iâ—… were needfull or no ther being already in the City one hundred fifty Churches Monasteries and Hospitalls with other like places of devotion In this Dukes time the famous Fort call'd Nova Palma was finish'd which is thought to be the goodliest and built more exactly according to the modern rules of enginry then any in all Italy the expences whereof viis modis were estimated to be half a million of Crownes there was another strong Castle erected also in Cephalonia that stupendous Arch in the Rialto was also perfected having thirty six staires on each side built of the stones of Istria In the year 1605. Pope Clement the eighth deceas'd and Alexander de Medici succeeded who liv'd not a moneth to an end the Cardinalls proceeding to a new Election and desirous to make hast the Cardinalls Farnese and Montalto went to Cardinall Aldobrandini intreating him to name three among the whole Colledge of Cardinalls Tuscus and Baronius excepted and one of those three shold be created therupon Cardinall Borghese was chosen by the name of Paulu Quintus The Venetian Clergy notwithstanding the Senats decree did daily more and more augment and improve their revenues as well within and about the City as abroad the Senat for reducing the State to one conformable custome had before as it hath bin sayed divulg'd their decree through all their Dominions and added therunto a Prohibition That none within the City or Signory under what colour soever shold sell give or in any sort alâ—…enat Lards to the Clergy without the Senats Commission which shold not be granted but with the same solemnities usuall at the alienation of the public Revenue and all the Alienations made otherwise shold be declar'd void the Lands confiscat and the Notaries punish'd Paul the V having notice of this Law did strictly examin it and wold by no means approve of it but towards the end of October the same year complain'd therof to the Venetian Ambassador at his time of public audience saying That whilst the Sea of Rome was vacant the Venetians had made a Law which prohibited the Clergy to pourchase Lands adding that though it were made upon urgent occasion as they pretended and by vertue of a former Decree yet the Canons disanull'd them both therefore his pleasure was to have them repeal'd injoyning the Ambassador accordingly to signifie so much unto the Republic The Ambassador did what the Pope injoyn'd him and within a while after he receav'd instructions and a Commission from the Senat to acquaint his Holines with the equity of their cause and Justice of their Law together with the Signories decree and unquestionable authority to passe such decrees The Pope being confident in his own Opinion sayed aloud that he gave him Audience only to content the Venetians but not to admit any of his propounded reasons or excuses Then he made another complaint about the detaining of a Canon of Vicenza and the Abbot of Nerveze both of them accus'd of notorious Crimes And within a while after concerning another Law forbidding to build Churches without permission being resolv'd to have those two Laws revok'd and the prisoners delivered to his Nuncio residing in Venice hereupon on the tenth of September he pass'd two Injunctions one concerning the two Laws the other about sentencing the Clergy so he sent a Commission accordingly to his Nuncio to present them resolving upon their refusall to proceed to Excommunication but the Nuncio being peradventure mov'd with pity because the Senat at that time had chosen an extraordinary Ambassador by humble means thinking to divert his Holines from his resolution and
to induce him to consider better of the matter delayed the presenting of those Injunctions which the Pope took in ill part whereupon in all hast he sent him an expresse Commandement to present them without further procrastination In regard whereof upon Christmas day when Duke Grimany lay at the point of death and that the Senators were solemnly assembled som wherof had receav'd the Holy Sacrament and others were ready to receave the Nuncio craved Audience and produc'd the two Injunctions but the Dukes death hapning the next day they were not open'd till after the Election of the new Prince LEONARDO DONATO Knight and Procurator of S. Mark succeeded GRIMANI after whose Election the two Injunctions being open'd were found to be both of one substance which in effect was That his Holines was advertised that the Venetian Senat had decreed divers things contrary to the Liberty of the Church and Authority of the Sea Apostolie and divulg'd through all the Dominions of the Signory certain Laws peculiar only to the City of Venice forbidding to build Churches or Monasteries or to alienat the secular possessions of the Clergy without the Senats permission which as repugnant to the Churches Liberty his Holines declared to be invalid and they who enacted them to have incurr'd Ecclesiasticall censures commanding them under pain of Excommunication presently to revoke and abrogate the sayed Lawes threatning to proceed further in case they did not conform To this the Senat answer'd 28. of Ian. Anno 1606. as followeth That with grief and amazement they understood by his Holines Letters that he dislik'd the Laws of the Venetian Republic prosperously observ'd for so many Ages and never tax'd by any of his Predecessors the revokement wherof wold not only shake but utterly overthrow the very fundamentalls of the State that he interpreted those Laws to be prejudiciall to the Sea Apostolic and the Authority thereof blaming those who had made them as infringers of the Churches Liberty notwithstanding that they were known to be persons of singular piety and to have done good service to the Sea of Rome and were now doubtlesse in heaven that the Senat according to his Holines advertisement had narrowly examin'd both the New and Old Laws and could find nothing in them but what might be decreed by a Soveraign Prince concluding that the Venetians did not think they had incurr'd any censures and that therfore his Holines so repleat with Religion and Piety wold not without pondering well the cause continue his menaces This answer did much displease the Pope who presently awarded an Excommunication against them which on the seventh day of April of the same year was publish'd throughout all Rome and hung up in the usuall places namely on the great Gate of S. Peter's Church the Chancery and Market place of Campo di Fiore by Christophoro Fonduto and Gio. Dominico di Pace the Popes Poursuyvants The Prince and Senat having intelligence of what had pass'd at Rome to prevent all popular tumults and commotions which might peradventure thereby arise in the Towns and Cities subject to their Jurisdiction were desirous to acquaint all sorts of people therwith to which end they fram'd two Declarations the one directed to all the Clergy of their Dominions and the other to all secular Magistrates and Officers to stop and restrain all disorders that might hence ensue wherupon all that year divers books were written pro and con som condemning the Venetians others the Pope ev'ry one as his passion did transport him but at last this great contention had like to have bin decided by the sword both sides making preparations for war For the Venetians having understood that a great number of Foot and Horse was levied at Ferrara and that the Romanes had offer'd to aid the Pope in that war with men and money They likewise rais'd forces accordingly and fell to fortifie their Towns with greater strength because they wold not be surpriz'd or taken unprovided so that there was a great likelihood of an eager bloudy warr had not France vigorously appear'd as Mediatrix in the businesse Hereupon Henry the IIII. to prevent the danger and scandall which might arise by this war did speedily send the Cardinall Ioyeuse both to the Pope and the Venetians from him and in his name to intercede for a peace amongst them which Embassie took very good effect for the Cardinall being speedily dispatch'd from France with instructions other dispatches necessary for his Negotiation He arriv'd at Rome on a Thursday night 23. Martii 1607. and the same Evening confer'd with the Cardinalls and the French Ambassador there resident to propound the businesse to his Holines therupon the next day the Cardinall accompanied with the Leger Ambassadour went to see his Holines unto whom the Cardinall did largely relate the occasion of his coming But the Pope seem'd to be inexorable to any terms of agreement with the Venetians til the Clergy and Jesuits who had bin banish'd not long before were restor'd to their Churches Colledges The Cardinall at this first Audience wold not put him out of hope of their restitution but only told him that he did not despair of reconciling the Jesuits to the Venetians having bethought himself of a fit meanes whereof if his Holines wold not make use he doubted not but it wold be prevalent The Pope being much desirous to know this new devise did the next day early send for him then the Cardinall de Ioyeuse told him That to hope by any expresse Treaty to obtain of the Venetian Senat the restauration of the Iesuits were but to spend time to no purpose but if his Holines wold give ample Commission and Authority to revoke the Censures and send him to Venice with such a power some good might be done upon the public producement of the sayed Commission The Pope made shew that he neither could nor wold approve of this motion therfore he sayed That he had engag'd his promise not to abandon the Iesuits who had bin expuls'd for favouring his Interdiction unto whom he had pass'd his word never to be reconcil'd to the Venetians till they were re-establish'd but after sundry other Allegations this conference was to little purpose ev'ry man perceaving by his Holines countenance that he was perplex'd The French Cardinall and others meeting to reconcile these differences and remove the difficulties entreated Cardinall Perron to go the next day after dinner to get expresse Audience of the Pope and if it were possible to induce him to grant certain points for the advance of the businesse Cardinall Perron at their intreaty undertook the task and a good while debated the point with his Holines about the restoring of the Jesuits shewing him the danger whereunto he expos'd the Church and Christian Religion for one particular Order whose restauration was to be hop'd for therafter though for a time defer'd He told him that his Holines shold first re-establish his own Authority in Venice and
which we bear to the See of Rome and thereby to take away all cause of strife we as we have ever desir'd and procur'd Unity and good correspondence with the sayed See of which we are loving and obedient children do receave likewise this contentation to have at last obtain'd the accomplishment of our holy desire therfore we thought good by our Declaration to advertise you herof giving you besides to understand that whatsoever did belong herunto hath bin faithfully perform'd on both parts and the Censures and Interdiction remov'd the Protestation likewise we made against them hath bin and is revok'd we being desirous that herin as well as in all other our actions the Piety and Religion of our State may still more and more appear which we will carefully observe as our Predecessors have ever done Given in our Ducall Palace the 21. of Aprill 1607. Sign'd Marco Ottobon Secretary The Duke having publish'd this Declaration the Senat was not a little perplext with a doubt of no mean consequence which was that the Pope for his part having made no mention at all concerning books and writings publish'd in the behalf of the sayed Decrees nor of the Authors of the sayed books which were two very important points and which did threaten â—… breach of the whole reconcilement the State doubting that the Pope by this silence and Omission had an intent to proceed afterwards against the Authors of the sayed books by the ordinary way of Ecclesiastical Justice and thinking it dishonorable to abandon those that had done them so good and faithfull service after mature consultation the Senat made a very notable and honorable Decree that the Signory shold protect them against all dangers and assign them a perpetuall Pension A particular Narratif of the notable Contestation 'twixt Paulus Quintus and the Republic of Venice 1606. c. NOw in regard that ev'ry Corner of Christendome did ring aloud and sounds yet to this day of that high Contestation 'twixt Pope Paulus Quintus and the Republic I shall spend a little more oil and labour to acquaint the judicious Reader with the circumstances therof Paulus Quintus having ascended to the Pontificat the bent of all his consultations were to advance the Priviledges of the Church and mortifie the presumption those were his words of such secular Princes and States that seem'd to bandy against them specially of the Signory of Venice wherupon he employed thither in quality of Nuncio Horatio Maâ—…hei Bishop of Gâ—…erace a man so fervent in this cause that in full Assembly he told the Duke of Venice That Almes and other works of piety the frequenting of the Sacraments with all other good and Christian actions ad nihilum valent ultra were nothing available if men did not favour the Ecclesiasticall Jurisdiction In privat Communication he also sayed That he had heard the piety of the City of Venice often and amply magnified yet he himself could perceave but little considering that Christian perfection doth not consist in deeds of charity and devotion as much as in exalting the Ecclesiasticall Authority which is the true Câ—…ment of that perfection Ther happen'd a little difference betwixt Paul the V. and the Republic of Luca at this time who in regard that many of her Citizens having chang'd their Relâ—…gion had retir'd themselfs to Protestant Countreys She publish'd an Edict by which all her Subjects were forbidden to have Comerce or to correspond any way with such persons This Edâ—…ct being come to the Pope he highly approv'd of the Law but he sayed That the State of Luca had no Authority to make any such Ordinance of her self because it concern'd Religion therfore he commanded that the sayed Edict shold be raz'd out of the Records promising to form another which shold be the same in substance but to be publish'd by his Pontificall Authority Ther happen'd about this time another clash 'twixt him and the Republic of Genoa who being inform'd that the Governors of certain lay-Fraternities instituted by devotion had not dispens'd the revenu with requisit fidelity She resolv'd to examin their accounts to which effects the books were commanded to be brought before the Duke but this was not well accepted by Paul the V. therfore he gave the Republic of Genoa to understand that these proceedings were against the Liberty Ecclesiastical So he expresly enjoyn'd them to revoke their Edicts otherwise he wold proceed to the Censure of Excommunication both these States complied with the Pope but the State of Venice was more stiff-neck'd and constant in the maintenance of her Decrees The first cloud of discontent 'twixt this Pope and the Venetians appeard when he having solicited the Republic for a contribution of summs of money to aid the Emperor in the warrs of Hungary against the Turk he receav'd from her a complementall deniall He afterwards propos'd the revocation of an Ordinance made by the Senat a little before forbidding the Subjects of the Signory to set forth any Vessells by Sea or to make any assurances or Companies for the traffic of any Merchandize whatsoever to be exported out of the State of Venice into any other Countreys unlesse it pass'd first by Venice alledging that this wold hinder the Commerce in the State of the Church and was against the Ecclesiasticall Liberty The Republic answer'd herunto That ev'ry Prince commands his Subjects in that which may serve for the commodity of his own Estate without considering what may follow therupon to neighbour Princes who cannot justly be therwith offended howsoever they may be in some sort incommoded therfore whensoever his Holines shall command his Subjects any thing which may turn to the profit of his Government the State wold not take it in ill part nor esteem it against their Liberty The Pope perceaving by this Essay that he could not compasse his ends these differences being not within the bounds of things spirituall and finding that his desires were so little prevalent with the Venetian thought to be quit with him som other way and an opportunity was offer'd a little after touching one Scipio Sarraceno Canon of Vicenza and upon the complaint of a young gentlewoman his cosen whose doore and ring therof which is a common kind of revenge in Italy he had besmear'd with excrements and don her som other wrongs she herupon complain'd to the Senat who therupon cited and imprison'd the Canon complaints herof being made to the Pope the Republic answer'd That the just Title and Authority which She hath to judge Ecclesiasticall persons in causes criminall were founded on the power of a naturall Prince and on custom never interrupted by the space of a thousand years and upwards which hath bin approv'd of by the Popes Breve's themselfs yet extant in the public Archives This being deliver'd by the Venetian Ambassador to Pope Paul he receav'd it with som impatience saying That the reasons alledg'd were frivolous that to judge of an affair it was to no purpose to ground it upon
any sort subject to the secular Jurisdiction or he who foundeth a Church were worthy of so rude a chastisement as if he had committed som great Crime moreover that in the moneth of May last the Senat having regard to another Law made in the year 1536. wherby was prohibited the perpetuall alienation of Lay-mens possessions within the City and Signory of Venice to Ecclesiasticall persons without permission of the Senat under certain penalties instead of revoking that Law as their duty requir'd they had renew'd it and extended the penalty to all their Dominions as if it were lawfull for temporal Princes to ordain any thing for the exercising of any Jurisdiction or to dispose in any sort without the Ecclesiastics and particularly of the Pope of the goods of the Church specially of such goods as have bin given to the Church of persons spirituall and other places of devotion granted by the faithfull for remedy of their sins and discharge of their consciences That these Ordinances tending to the damnation of souls to public scandalls and also contrary to the Ecclesiasticall Liberty were of themselfs void and of no validity as furthermore he declar'd them to be such no man being oblig'd to observe them on the contrary that they who had made the Statutes or any like or they who had further'd them had incurr'd the Churches Censures and depriv'd themselfs of all such possessions as they held of the Church as also their estates and demains were subject to other penalties in such sort that they could not be absolv'd unlesse they revok'd all such Laws and re-establish'd all things in their former estate That therupon being plac'd in the Soveraign Throne and not being able to dissemble or indure these things he admonish'd the Republic to consider well the danger wherinto they had cast their souls upon this occasion and to seek remedy betimes otherwise in case of contumacy he commanded under pain of Excommunication latae sententiae that the afore sayed Lawes ancient and modern shold be abrogated That this Monitory shold be publish'd in all places throughout the Republic expecting from them an account herof if not upon notice had from his Nuntio he wold proceed to execution of the Penalties and to such other remedies that were meet remembring the reckoning that he was to give to God at the day of Judgment and that he could not in duty dissemble when the Authority of the See Apostolic was diminish'd Ecclesiasticall Liberty trod under foot the Holy Canons neglected the right of the Church and Clergy violated Of all which the charge lay upon him affirming that he was not induc'd hereunto for any worldly consideration for he desir'd nothing els but the glory to acquit himself of his Apostolicall function and as he intended not to usurp anything upon the secular Authority so he wold not permit the Ecclesiastic shold be diminish'd he concluded that if the Republic wold conform they wold deliver him from much pain which he endur'd in their behalf and they might still retain the Lands which they held of the Church That the best means wherby she might prevent the incommodities that might fall upon her from Infidells were to conserve the Church-men in their rights who watch in perpetuall prayers to God for her conservation The Senat with much maturity ponder'd these Breves and therupon sent to confer with their learnedst Counsellors in the Civill Lawes amongst whom they admitted Paul of Venice of the Order of the Servites an eminent Divine and Canonist with other Padouan Doctors to consult what answer they shold return the Pope The Republic also sent to consult other Doctors themost renowned of Europe for sound knowledge as Henry the VIII of England had don touching the legality of a divorce with Katherine of Aragon Having receav'd the judgments of the learnedst men in France and Spain specially of Giacomo Monochio President of Milan a man much cried up in those daies for learning the Senat fram'd the Answer to the Popes Monitory as followeth That with much grief and wonder they understood by the Letters of his Holines that their Laws observ'd carefully through so many Ages and never question'd by any of his Predecessors the revokement wherof wold shake the very Foundations of the Republic were reprehended as contrary to the See Apostolic and that they which made them having bin persons eminent for merit and well deserving of that See who are now in heaven were noted for Violaters of Ecclesiastic Liberty that according to the admonition of his Holines they had examined with much exactnesse their Laws Old and New but had not found anything which a Soveraign Prince might not have well ordain'd without any just offence to the Popes Authority it being a thing evidently belonging to a secular Prince to have regard what Companies are erected in hâ—…s Dominions as also to prevent the building of such Edifices as in time to com might be hurtfull to the public safety and though their State abounds with Churches and places of piety as much as any other yet when they saw it convenient they never refus'd to permit new Foundations themselfs contributing liberally therunto That in the Law against perpetuall alienation of lay goods unto Ecclesiastics the question being of things purely temporall they could not be tax'd to have don any thing contrary to the Canons or Decrees That if the Popes have power to forbid the Clergy to alienat any goods of the Church unto persons secular without leave Princes may do the same and take Order that the goods of seculars shall not be alienated to the Clergy without permission nor do the Ecclesiastics lose any thing bequeath'd unto them herby seeing they receave a price answerable in value to the immoveable adjoyning that it tends to the great prejudice not only of the temporall State but also of the spirituall to weaken the Forces of the Republic which by such alienations is depriv'd of necessary services and which in effect is a vangard or fortresse for all Christendom against Infidels That for these reasons the Senat could not perswade themselfs to have incurr'd any Censures since secular Princes have by Divine Law from which no human Law may derogat a power to establish Laws in things temporall as also that the admonitions of his Holines have here no place wher the question is not of any thing spirituall or any way trenching upon the Papâ—…ll Authority much lesse yet could they beleeve that his Holines so ful of Piety and Religion wold persist without knowledge of the cause in his Comminations This was the substance of the Senat 's Answer remitting themselfs further to their Ambassador extraordinary Ther happen'd a businesse in Savoy about this time which might have scatr'd the Venetian being much of the same nature for Pope Paul hahaving notice that the Duke of Savoy had commanded the Bishop of Fossano to depart out of his Dominions the Pope being incens'd therat did so menace the Duke with Excommunication
his Ministers to co-operat accordingly and particularly had commanded him to pray the Senat accordingly c. The Duke much extolling the good inclinations of the Catholic King answer'd That the Republic could not do more then what they had done already that it was more proper to begin with him who had bin the cause of all these broils that it was not for them to open the way which had bin stopped up by others that the Pope by dismissing their Ambassador and revoking his Nuntio had broken off all means of Treaty which could not be set on foot unlesse the Censures were taken off with which the Republic thought her self much injur'd The Ambassador replied asking the Duke Whether his Serenity were content that he shold pray his Holines in the name of the Catholic King to take off his Excommunication The Duke rejoyn'd that it was necessary to remove the impediment but that this shold be don by this means or that by the free-will of the Pope or at the instance of another it little imported for the substance of the thing and that his Majesty might do what pleas'd him The Ambassador answer'd Your Serenity may well be content that the Pope be entreated by your Name the Duke sayed That for the repose of Italy if the Catholic King were certain that the Pope being thus mov'd wold do the thing he wold not hold it any inconvenience to be so contented He sayed further that neither himself nor the Senat had given any occasion of disgust to the Pope if he had taken any of himself they could not help it that in voluntary discontents ther is no other remedy then a voluntary acknowledgement besides he desir'd him to consider that the King his Masters Interest and of all temporall Princes besides was involv'd in the cause of the Republic The French Ambassador du Fresne being then also in the Senat sayed That the Pope could not be induc'd to revoke the Censures unlesse ther were som assurance given what the Republic wold do in point of correspondence that it was needfull for her in some sort to submit for no temporall Prince could be disparag'd to yeeld unto his Holines it being a jus commune to humble ones self to the Soveraign Bishop The Duke answer'd That it was necessary to apply the remedy to the part whence the evill proceeded therfore since his Christian Majesty desir'd a pacification it was meet that he shold make his addresse to the Pope c. While these Traverses happen'd at Venice the Pope by the predominant advice of som Cardinalls and relying much upon the foresayed Letter which the King of Spain had written unto him made a shew of arming wherunto the Conte de Fuentes Governor of Milan was very forward therfore it did not stand with the prudence of the Republic to be idle Herupon She sent to Her Ambassadors abroad to acquaint the Princes wherwith they resided to inform them accordingly She imparted the businesse likewise to those Ambassadors that lay at Venice and among the rest to the English who having thank'd the Senat for this communication of affairs He prayed their generosity and resolution to defend their honor assuring them that upon so important occasion they shold have from his King all furtherance and aid as well in good offices as in arms and succours he sayed further That he had particular commandement from the King his Master to oblige him under the word of a King to a neer Union with the Signory to assist Her with councell and forces as also to labour that all his friends shold do the same not for any base ends or privat interest or to foment division or com into concurrence and opposition with any other Prince but specially for two reasons First for that acknowledging himself oblig'd to God for infinit favours receav'd from him he thought it his duty to defend his cause that is to conserve the power which his Divine Majesty had establish'd upon earth Secondly in regard of that Bond of Amity which he renew'd with the Republic c. The main knot in the businesse was whether upon a promise of the revokement of the Ecclesiasticall Censures by the Pope the Signory wold also promise an abrogation of the foresayed Decrees touching Church-Lands which She could not be induc'd to do but somthing shold be don if a Treaty were comenc'd wherof the Senat was thought incapable while they lay under the sayed Censures The French Ambassador a few daies after came to the Senat where he made a long discours for an accord But he was advertis'd from Rome that the Pope had receav'd som new offences from the Signory for hindring Navigation into the places of the Church and for the eternall Ban against the Jesuits Wherunto the Senat made answer that touching that point of Navigation it appertain'd to ev'ry good Government to provide that the State may be well furnish'd with things necessary for her self and provide that they be not carried away to others that in order to this the Republic had stayed all Vessells at Sea wherin ther were provisions necessary for the State wherupon if the State Ecclesiastic was in want this was not their fault but the order of human things so requir'd Concerning the Jesuits it was alledg'd that they were not banish'd but rather were gone away of themselfs as refusing to obey the Commandements sent unto them to continue Divine Service but after their departure having notice of an infinit nomber of injuries machinations and treasons contriv'd by them the Senat ordain'd as Justice requir'd that they never more return Whilst these things were in agitation the Spaniards were like to have imbroil'd the Signory in a war with the Turk in regard the Marquis of Santa Cruz with a Fleet of Napolitan and Sicilian Gallies had sack'd and burnt Durazzo a Town of the Turks in Albany som thought this was done of purpose to make the Turk fall upon the Venetian and so impell him to make his addresse to the Spaniard for aid therefore at Constantinople the Gran Visier perceaving well the Artifice of Spain herein and that the taking of Durazzo had bin attempted to no other end then to set them at odds with the Signory Letters were sent to the Captain Aga the Admirall that he shold still keep good union and intelligence with the Venetian Forces to the domage of the Pope and the Spaniard This year ther were divers Libells Pasquills flew up and down in ev'ry corner of Italy some in favour of Rome som of Venice ther were also many Books and Tractats came forth on both sides The Doctrine of the Venetian Writers was That God had establish'd two Governments upon Earth the one Spirituall the other Temporall each of them being Supreme and independent one from the other the one is the Church Regiment the other the Civill Of the first he gave charge to his Apostles and their Successors Of the temporall the charge is put in the hands of
secular Princes in such sort that one may not intermeddle with that which appertains to either Therfore the Pope hath no power to abrogat the Laws of Princes in civill matters nor to deprive them of their estates or free their Subjects from their alleageance which they owe unto them That to depose Kings is a new thing never attempted but within these five hundred years it is against the Holy Scriptures the examples of Christ and his Saints That to teach that in case of conscience 'twixt the Pope and a Prince 't is lawfull to poursue him with fraud and force and that the Subjects therby do obtain remission of sins is a Doctrine seditious and sacrilegious That Church-men by Divine Law are not exempted from their secular power neither in their persons or goods whensoever his necessities constrain him to serve himself of them that the Pope ought not to think himself infallible unlesse wher God hath promis'd him his Divine assistance which must be understood only in the fundamentall points of Faith that the Authority of binding and loosing ought to be understood with this caution Clave non errante seeing that God hath commanded the Pastor to follow the merit and justice of the cause and not his own inclination that when the Pope thunders out any Censures it is for the Doctors to consider whether they have proceeded Clave errante aut non errante That the new name of blind obedience invented by Ignatius Loyola is a Psudodoxall tenet c. On the contrary the Doctrine of the Roman Writers or Papalines as they term'd them was that the civill power of Princes is subordinat to the power Ecclesiastic and subject unto it therfore the Pope hath authority to deprive Princes of their estates and honors for their faults and errors which they commit in Government yea though they have committed no fault when the Pope shall judge it fit for the common good of the Church That the Pope may free Subjects from obedience and from their Oath of Fidelity which they owe the temporall Prince in which case they are to shake off all subjection and even to poursue the Prince if the Pope command it som of the modester sort held that this Authority did not reside in the Pope because Christ gave him any temporall Authority but because this was necessary for the spirituall Monarchy Divers Tretises were imprinted and publish'd pro con 'twixt the Pope and the Republic to this effect and Bellarmin was very busie in upholding S. Peters Chair at last ther was a strict inhibition ther shold be no more writing on this point so the Treaty began to advance wherin the French Ambassador was very active therefore he propos'd two things to the Senat. The first was That the Duke and Senat wold suspend the execution of the Laws and the Protestation publish'd against the Monitory of the Pope upon condition that his Holines wold do the like to his Censures for five moneths during which time they might treat of the merit of the Laws that were question'd The second was That the Ecclesiastic Prisoners might be rendred without prejudice to the cause of the Republic That the Religious gon out of Venice by reason of the Interdict might return he concluded that it was not the intention of his Christian Majesty that any thing shold be don against the Dignity and Justice of the Signory and if either of these proposalls were to Her prejudice he was content to let them passe in silence He desir'd them further to consider that it was necessary to give som apparent occasion to his Holines to induce him to a retractation because it was never heard that a Pope had revok'd his Bulls excepting at the Councell of Constance The Senat did fall to deliberat of things with more maturity then was usual at last they resolv'd with one joynt consent to prefer the conservation of their Liberty before all other respects together with the Authority of their Laws But for yeelding up the prisoners in gratification to his Christian Majesty they thought this did not trench much upon their Liberty in regard it was a particular fact which drew not with it any consequence that the like ought not to be don in time to come therefore the Senat answer'd the Ambassador thanking his Majesty for his mediation adjoyn'd it was easie to perceave wherat the designs of the Pope aim'd who seeing that the Justice of the Republic for the merit ground of the cause was known and confess'd by all wold therfore find out som error in the form of proceeding wherin the Justice of the Republic was so clear that it was manifest to all and the errors of the Pope so grosse that they could not be excus'd wherfore it was not consentaneous to reason to correct the faults of another with their own detriment and dishonor They added further that these proceedings of the Popes were of such pernicious consequence that they might have hurl'd the whole Signory into flames of civil combustions The Senat at last granted that when the King shold be assured and have the firm word of the Pope that he wold totally take away the Censures the two prisoners shold be render'd unto him although they were guilty of foul Crimes They wold also let fall their protestation yet saving their public reasons and their power to judge Ecclesiastics when it shold be expedient for the State this was all the French Ambassador could wring from the Senat wherof when the King was advertis'd he writ a Letter wherin he thank'd them for their fair respects in which Letter he took occasion to renew the memory of the favour they did him to co opt him into the body of their Nobility After this Don Innigo de Cardenas the Spanish Ambassador earnestly sollicited the Senat for an accommodation but he could hardly prevail as much as the other In the interim ther was a new kind of Councell erected at Rome cal'd la Congregation de Guerra the Congregation of War which consisted of fifteen Cardinals and this was don to strike som apprehensions of fear into the Signory The Senat inform'd the French and Spanish Ambassadors of this strange news from Rome touching a Councel of War they also impaâ—…ed to the English Ambassador telling him that he might now publish the Declaration of the King his Master and think upon the succours he promis'd Cavalier â—…tton then Ambassador testified very much contentment to do this office affirming that it was to publish the glory of his King He pass'd further and sayed that ther were but three ways to compound this difference either by yeelding or referring the matter to Princes or by Warr he saw well the Signory had no mind to the first and if they resolv'd to make a reference to any they could not make choice of any fitter then his King who marvailously well understood how much it imported him to maintain the Authority given by God to Princes but if the matter
shold come to Arms he prayed his Serenity to consider that though Philosophie tells us the Sun warms these inferior bodies without heat in it self yet in human things it is not so but he that wold heat in his favour must first be hot himself The Senat determin'd to signifie unto all Princes the Declaration of the King of great Britain wherin he call'd God to witnesse ' That his resolution to defend the cause of the Republic had no other end but the service of God and to conserve the Liberty which God gave to all Princes not for any ill will that he carried to the Pope nor was he mov'd by the particular interest of the Republic but only so far because he knew She defended a cause most just and acceptable to God which the more he considered in his mind so much the more was he confirm'd in Her protection and defence not finding any the least shadow of reason to relinquish Her That he had already taken this resolution and wold sustain it suddenly That he wold not do as the Spaniard who by a Letter had fill'd the Popes spirit with vanity to carry him into a precipice but that he wold execut with courage and sincerity what he had promis'd he consider'd also as a thing of great consequence that the Pope prepar'd himself for warr and had to this effect erected that new Congregation of men disaffected to the Signory and all dependents of Spain herunto he added that he wold be as ready to perform his promise as to publish his Declaration and wold besides procure som good offices from his brother the King of Denmark and other Princes of Germany his Allies The Kings of France and England appearing so earnestly in this businesse the Emperour also did contribut his intercession the Grand Duke of Florence likewise stir'd in it yet nothing could be concluded to any purpose Therfore the Spaniard begins to arm in the Duchy of Milan to which end the Count de Fuentes had particular Commission The Republic having intelligence herof it did not stand with Her wonted prudence and circumspection to stand idle wherfore to meet with all occasions that might occurr She sent to Padoua Verona Crema Bergamo and Brescia five hundred thousand Crowns one hundred thousand for each City to prepare themselfs for all exigents Unto the old nine thousand six hundred Footmen and six hundred Horse To the one hundred fifty Albanian Horse She added six hundred Italian Foot and one thousand Albanians more under Paolo Ghini Order also was given to Count Francis Maâ—…tinengo to levy in the Confines four thousand French soldiers and six hundred Cuirasses which She caus'd to be arm'd To the three great Gallies was adjoyn'd one other and to the thirty eight light Gallies they sent five more in the Iles of the Levant and twelve more newly arm'd at Venice In Candy also were arm'd twenty Gallies Nicolaâ—… Sagredo Proveditor general by his prudence dexterity which was singular in managing of Martial affairs wrought in such sort that all this was don at the expence of privat gentlemen so that ther were in all seventy five light Gallies four great ones got together Divers of the French Nobility made profer of their service to the Republic and the great Turk seem'd to importune her to accept of his assistance She utterly refus'd the last and wav'd the first The rumor of these preparations fill'd ev'ry corner of Christendome therfore the Kings and Princes who were already engag'd in quality of Mediators 'twixt the Pope and the Republic stir'd more nimbly in the businesse specially the French who to accelerat things and do them with greater countenance employed to that end the Cardinall de Ioyeuse in a splendid Embassie both to Rome and Venice In Spain the Duke of Lerma complain'd to the English Ambassadour for the proser of such assistance that his King had made to the Republic which had put her to stand higher a tiptoe against the Holy Father and impeded the Treaty for She wold not shew Her self so obstinat against him if She were not so much incouraged by his King because from France She could expect but words or peradventure som troops hired with her own silver The Treaty began now to be poursued with som heat and the Cardinal de Ioyeuse carried himself with such address that he overcame all difficulties and brought both parties to a conformity but the Republic wold by no means part with her Laws or revoke Her Decrees formerly mention'd touching Ecclesiastics and Her Ban against the Jesuits She only deliver'd the foresayed Count and Canon to the French Ambassadors hands who deliver'd them afterwards to the Nuntio so the quarrel ended the thunder câ—…as'd which had made such a noise and cut the Princes of Christendom so much work to do herupon Letters of thanks were written to the Kings of France and Spain but specially to the King of great Britain for his propensity and good intentions towards the Republic The Cardinall Ioyeuse had a present of 6000. Crowns value and Don Francisco de Castro had another of 3000. who had bin sent from the King of Spain expressely to compose these differences which charge in his first Speech before the Duke Senat he sayed that he had willingundertaken both in obedience to his Catholic Majesty and for the particular affection he did bear unto so illustrious a Signory hoping easily to conclude a peace betwixt the Holy Father and his Serenity specially seeing he shold not meet with those three impediments that usually render all Treaties difficult which are first the passion or extraordinary affection of him in whose name men treat or of him who treateth secondly the inconvenience of the matter treated and thirdly the incapacity or want of good will in the person with whom the treaty is For touching the first it was certain that the King his Master was well-affected and had no other aims but the common good That the greatnesse of the Republic was advantagious unto him as being the Bullwark of Christendome against the power of the Turk and for his own person he protested that he was not com to use deceit or subtilty being Noble by birth and therfore oblig'd to tell truth above all things Touching the second the point of treaty was for peace a thing excellent in its own nature and for an union with the See Apostolic a thing very profitable to the Republic all stories being full of the mutuall good offices which they have ever rendred one to the other as on the contrary their disunion must needs be pernicious to the Republic for if their cause were injust it wold incense all Princes against them and though it were reasonable yet was it not fit therfore to forget what reverence men shold owe to the Soveraign Bishop Touching the third That the Treaty was with a Senat of great prudence lovers of peace enemies of novelty who had bin Authors alwaies of
rescued a sugitiâ—… Pope and re-plac'd him in his lost Chair with the expence of so much of her bloud and gold the memory of this high desert shold be now thrust out of Rome yet the Republic being very unwilling that any incongruity shold grow 'twixt the Roman Church and Her consented that the Crown of France shold be Umpresse But Pope Vrban the VIII since he differeth so much from S. Peter will not confesse when he denieth the truth imo nec voce Galli but persevering in an obstinat opinion not to restore the Elogy being contented by a foolish capriccio of his own to give this generall attestation only that the Church of Christ hath bin alwaies serv'd by Princes of all sorts Insomuch that that ancient inscription which was seen registred in the Vatican as a monument of Ecclesiastic gratitud towards Venice that monument which Time it self could not deface all this while the Barberini have annihilated at last because peradventure that having banish'd all vertu from Rome it displeaseth them to see gratitud lodg'd under the roof of their house or rather because the Barberini do not hold themselfs beholden for those services that the Church receav'd from S. Mark in regard they are more her Betrayers then Governors In the interim we cannot but be sensible of this monstrous ingratitud yet we comfort our selfs to see that the Popes disaffection and power to do us hurt can extend it self no further then the walls of his own house S. Paul having parted with Venice goes to Lucca where understanding the contumacy of that little Republic he wold know the grounds of it and a Citizen answers him thus in a sad and solemn posture being glad of the occasion to make the truth known Among the Popes of our age Vrban the eighth hath bin most prodigall of Iubilees and Indulgences untill these his latter years but to shew peradventure that he hath no lesse power over curses then over benedictions he hath at last by altering his stile put forth his hand to dart out Excommunications It was the fortune of this small Republic to bear the brunt of his first Censure in this kind he therby imitating those who use to try the vertu of poison upon the lesser animalls first The connivency wherby other Princes dissembled this out mishap gave him scope to thunder out the second against the Duke of Parma nor must Christendom expect other things herafter but Excommunications in regard that if the affairs of the world use to succeed one another in equall vicissitudes 't is necessary that Excommunications be as frequent as Iubilees have bin Now touching the grounds of the Papall distasts with us they are aldy manifested to the world I must say though very sparingly That the originall of ev'ry accident here sprung from the insupportable licentiousnesse of Churchmen who did necessitat us to a just resentment It seem'd strange to the Church of Rome that so small a Republic as ours durst resent the outrages of Ecclesiastics who shold rather comply with them considering that this State is too narrow to be sensible of such insolencies and so persisting in an obstinat Censure he chooseth rather to see our perdition hastned then the exorbitances of his Clergy moderated but we being not conscious to have committed any Delinquency which might deserve to exclude us from the face of God we comfort our selfs in this case with the memory of Balaam who injustly curs'd the people of Israel nor have we ever rested since to procure a right understanding by the interposition of a person of great credit with the Cardinall Nephews that they wold be pleasd to appease his Holines's displeasure expecting still a miracle from the words of some Asse but to this hour ther hath nothing come of it But the Barberini are in Armes and this Martiall appearance they think will inforce us to desire a reconciliation as for the rest which concerns the soul if an Excommunication hath power to cut us off from the union of this present Church why shold we think it capitall to be separated from so infected a body and freed so by continuall examples of sacrilegious lifes and from the despair wherinto the Clericall Tyranny wold plunge us Confiding therfore in the Justice of our Cause and in the assistance of those wise Princes who cannot away with the ravenousnesse of this Pope we trust to receave som fruits of the introducement of these Censures in regard that if this course hold the world will see that as Iubilees pass'd were pretexts for som new imposition Excommunications will serve herafter as pretext for some new Rapin. S. Paul having understood the grievances of the Luqueses passeth on to Parma wher having in the habit of a Fryer insinuated into the acquaintance of the Duke he desires to understand from his mouth the Contestation he hath with the Roman Church and the Duke answer'd him thus The world hath already understood too much the causes of the quarrell I have with the Church of Rome being publish'd not only by my Manifestos but by the writings of other particular pens who have willingly protected the justnesse of my cause But since it pleaseth you good Father to hear from my own mouth the grounds of these differences which have kept such a noise I will relate them unto you with that brevity of words which may suit rather with the present encumbrances that afflict me then with the nature of the thing it self Know then that the particular urgencies of my house have erected in Rome a Bank call'd the Farnese Bank which obligeth my fortunes to contribut an annuall cense to my Creditors Now Vrban the VIII being assail'd by some turbulent spirit in these last periods of his life thought with himself to build a little new Fort of divers pretences upon this bank therby to set upon my Duchy of Castro But I had good reason to hope now in these my troubles som support rather then any oppression from that Seat of whom the ashes of my Progenitors do yet glory to have merited so well but all gratitud being extinguish'd in the brests of Ecclesiastics charity is also much diminish'd amongst them which neither moves them to any compassion nor to be a whit aggriev'd though they see mountains of miseries heaped on one's back a desire to enrich the Nephews which is the primum Nobile of the Popes mind in these times prevail'd over all reason and prepotency of plundring did facilitat the way to dispossesse me of mine own nor did the tyranny of Vrban the VIII stop here but he thought that I wold take it nothing ill if he did excommunicat me that being so segregated from the Communion of the Faithfull none durst hear my grievances or reach a hand to help me A great cruelty in a Shepheard that flaying his sheep alive wold not have them to carry naturall affections about them to resent the hard case of one another Moreover to varnish the pretext of
about us then how can we believe that it is gratefull to God Almighty and being not gratefull to him consider what despair our souls are plung'd in which see themselfs shut out of the world here without any assurance of Heaven herafter in regard we have not power to extinguish our naturall affections and so are in danger to precipitate our selfes headlong into Hell through a kind of suppos'd innocence If Christ died to reduce us to such a hard condition oh how better were it for us that he had not died Be not offended O stranger at the words for the tongues of the damned can bring forth nothing but blasphemies yet we know that Christ hath no hand in this our hard condition for his death had for its principall object the freedom and enlargement of souls not their captivity The Popes are most in fault by yeelding to the cruell covetousnes of our Parents to transvert the Keys of Paradise into the Keys of a Prison It was not Christ no it was the impiety of Herod that by reason of the humanation of our Saviour caus'd so many innocents to be slain Behold we are in a case equall to theirs because we being yet innocent children under the mark of holines we are segregated and cut off from the society of the living ther being no difference twixt us and them but they dye before Buriall and we are buried before Death Nor can our innocency or our fears Prevaile any thing nor are those privileges sufficient which nature hath granted these faces of ours for which peradventure you stiled us Angells to implore from others pity and succour having found the Church of Rome so ingratefull while we consider that the time was when St. Peter was freed by an Angell out of prison but now clean contrary Angells are cast into prison by the successors of S. Peter But whither doth violence of just passion transport me thus to rave Helas the name of Angell doth not suit with our condition and lâ—…sse with our operations For although we are brought innocents hither yet we cannot preserve our selfes long in this Monastique life from the motions of desperat passions The Religion which clasp'd us in here is not ador'd but detested by som of us vanity and faeminine wantonnes is here in the height Here dwels curiosity in excess and desire of knowledge in worldly matters without end Ambition Envy Discord and Hatred is never wanting among us Lastly her's observ'd neither Constitution Law or Vow but out of pure necessity and unavoidable violence But what shall I say of that Maiden-chastity for the conservation whereof we are principally penn'd in here I leave that for you to imagine it being not permitted to femal modesty to make any further expressions in this kind I only tell you this that we procure all means possible to outrage and abuse it and not without reason for if this Chastity hath been the principall thing that hath retrench'd our liberties in this maner we ought to aym and bend our chiefest forces to be reveng'd of our chiefest enemy And here this beauteous Nun blush'd and broke the thread of her Discours I confess unto you O holy Paul that if I had a breast capable of terrene affections I wold doubtles have tenderly resented the misery of this discontented soul but compassion is vain where ther 's no power to comfort therfore I held it expedient to take my leave that I might not imbitter her passions any further so at my departure I said When I came in hither Oh most beauteous Nuns I look'd upon you as on so many Seraphins but hearing the state of your hard condition I find you to be the unhappiest creatures that live under the Law of Christ. Wer it permitted me for to help you I promise you I wold batter down these walls and give you that liberty which others take from you but since 't is not lawfull for any to do so comfort your selfs at least that Heaven is reserv'd for your suffrances And although you protest not to suffer for Christ yet Christ is so mercifull that he can give beatitudes to those Cyreneans who cary his Cross though forc'd therunto And I dare assure you that if you cannot gain Heaven as Virgins you shall gain it at least as Martyrs S. Paul afterwards going on in his Journey arrives at last at Rome before the gates wherof he meets with an Angell in a melancholy posture who was the Gardien Angell of Urban the 8. therfore he making himself known to him begins to expostulat with him why he had abandon'd the care of the Popes person wherunto the Angell made this Answer I Stand here O holy Paul to gard the Gates of this City because it is not in my power to preserve the soul of Urban it is impossible to bridle his Caprichios nor can any Angelicall strength do it I have tryed al imaginable meanes to reduce him to the way of reson but cannot do it therfore I will expose no longer the Divine Inspirations to scorn but I intend to take my â—…light to Heaven to give God an account of the deviations of his soul and to supplicat afterwards that he will be pleasd to disburden me of the weight of so heavy a charge which hath in a maner perturbd the whole peace of my Evangelicall state It is a great happines for holy Paul to be made an Angel but he who knew how heavy the Ministry of garding humane soules is wherin we Angells are employd specially when we encounter refractory humors in a soul as in that of Urbans he wold peradventure more esteem the happines of man who having travelld but one age only in this lower World goes afterwards to enjoy without any disturbance the repose of Heaven But I repine not at the state of others yet you well know that he must needs be somwhat movd who finds he cannot serve his own Lord as he desires You who have had the incumbency to instruct peeple and convert whole Nations know it by experience how uncouth it is to observe the humors of men And now that you have understood the grounds of my grievances tell me freely whether I complain without cause for perchance God hath sent you hither either to check me or comfort me The twentieth yeer runns now on that Urban the 8. holds the Papacy whence one may easily calculat how few yeers are left behind if it be tru what 's commonly spoken that no Pope shall see as many daies as Peter But if I may unfold my thoughts I do beleeve that he who spoke those words seemd to prophecy that none shall see the Church of God in that state of Christian perfection as it was in the daies of Peter But be it as it will the more yeers com on the faster evry man runns to that pitt which is the center wher all Mortalls terminat their cours being drawn down by the weight of that Earth wherof Humanity is composd Most
Calabria entertaines Turks in his War Page 83 An Ambassador com from the King of Tremisen to Venice Page 85 The Arsenal of Venice burnt Page 95 The Ambassador of Venice speech to the Turk about Cyprus Page 96 Her Answer to the Turks Ambassdor Page 97 The Armes of Venice defac'd in the Vatican Page 171 An Abbot executed in Venice in his habit Page 17 An Ambassador sent from Rome to Venice with notable instructions Page 190 Apologies for the sensuality and revengefullnes of the Venetian Page 199 A Catalog of som of the most renowned men of Venice Page 200 The advantages which Venice hath of old Rome Page ibid B Of Brescia Page 25 Of Bergamo Page 25 The Bergamastro speaks the worst Italian Dialect Page 25 The manner of the Ballotations by which the Duke of Venice is chosen Page 34 Of the Bucentoro Page 36 A bold motto in St Marks Tresury Page 37 A bold Candiâ—…t rob'd the Tresury of St. Mark Page 38 The books of the vulgar are Images Page 54 A Battail twixt Pepin and the Venetians Page 55 The Bishop of Aquilia taken prisoner by the Venetian Page 60 Badoairio Duke of Venice depos'd himself and turnd Monk Page 61 The Bishop of Gradus speech to the Venetian for supplies of the holy Land Page 66 Baldwin Earl of Flanders with other Princes going to the Holy Land com to Venice wher they receave extraordinary entertainment Page 71 Bologna beaten by Venice Page 72 Brescia under the protection of Venice Page 75 Buda taken by the Turk Page 90 Barbarossa the great Pyrat Page 92 C. Civill bodies subject to decay as well as naturall Page 1 The Churchmen of Venice enjoy above two millions yeerly rent Page 2 The clash twixt Venice and Genoa partly the cause of the lâ—…sse of the Holy Land Page 3 Change of custom dangerous Page 3 Cardinall Ossatts speech touching Venice Page 5. Cyrus his revenge of the River Pindes because she had drownd his horse Page 5 A counterprize of rewards and punishmenâ—…s observ'd in Venice Page 6 Cadetts among the Gentry restrained from marrying in Venice with the reason therof Page 7 The Counsells of Venice are mysteries till put in execution Page 7 Of Crema Page 25 How a Courtisan cousned a Gentleman Page 39 The circuit of Rome Page 44 A cheap frend that 's got by a complement Page 44 Candiano chosen Duke of Venice who was cut in peeces by the fury of the peeple Page 62 A cloak of cloth of gold to be given yeerly by Venice to the Emperour remitted Page 62 Centrenico Duke of Venice depos'd and turn'd to a Monastery Page 65 Corfù first reduc'd to Venice Page 67 Cyain Duke of Venice overthrowes Otho the Emperours Son Page 68 A comparison of Venice and Genoa with Rome and Carthage Page 74 Ceremonies usd by Verona Vicenza and Padoua when they rendred themselfs to Venice Page 79 A Candiot robbs the tresury of St. Mark Page 80 Constantinople taken by the Turks their respect to the Venetian above others Page 80 The ceremonies usd at the Duke of Venice his Buriall Page 84 Cornaris subtill speech to the Queen of Cypus for a resignation Page 84 Charles the 8. rusheth into Italy Page 86 A contract twixt the Pope and Venice about the nomination of her Bishops Page 90 Cardinall Charles Caraffi strangled at Rome Page 94 The Spaniard a great cause of losing of Cyprus Page 111 Carmas notable speech to Don John of Austria Page 106 Captain Tortona a Spaniard hang'd by Venieri Page 107 A contract twixt Don John and Venieri the Venetian Generall Page 107 Capello the Venetian Generall defeates the Barbary fleet at Vallona Page 170 A clash twixt Venice and Urban the 8. Page 170 D. Death for any Venetian Senator to receave pension from a forren Prince Page 6 The Dukes of Venice old before they be chosen Page 6 Of the Dukes of Milan and Toscauy Page 9 Duke of Venice a head of wood Page 10 Of the Deceuivâ—…rat or Councell of ten in Venice Page 13 Dominico Mongario Duke of Venice he had his eyes put out Page 59 The Duke of Venice stil'd Protospater of the Greek Empire Page 61 Dominico Contareno Duke of Venice he conquers Zara Page 65 Dalmatia and Croatia added to the titles of Venice Page 65 Dukes of Venice have a privilege to seal with lead given them by the Pope Page 68 A description of St. Marks Church Page 70 Duke Cyani makes St. Marks Church his heir Page 71 Doria the Admiral of Genoa puts Venice to the worse in the I le of Sapientia Page 77 The Ducall Palace bnrnt in Venice Page 84 Ubaldo Duke of Urbin Generall of the Venetians Page 91 Trevisano Duke of Venice died at Masse Page 93 A description of the Christian fleet before the Battail of Lepanto Page 19 Don John of Astrias speech at the battail of Lepanto Page 115 Don John of Austria rescued by Venieri the Venetian Generall Page 127 The division of the spoiles after the battail of Lepanto at large Page 130 The Duke of Parma with an Army before Rome Page 194 A dangerous prophecy of Holland Page 180 The defects of Venice Page 198 E The Enemies which Venice hath had from time to time Page 2 Ecclesiasticks incapable to sit in the Venetian and to inherit stable possessions and the reson therof Page 2 Ecclesiasticks dare not tamper with matters of state in Venice Page 7 The extent and power of the principalities of Italy Page 8 The etymology of Venice Page 33 Experience the great looking-glasse of wisdom Page 34 The election of the Duke of Venice Page 34 The eastern emperour assisted by the Venetians Page 60 Emanuel the Greek Emperour perfidious to the Venetians Page 68 Ensignes given by the Pope to the Venetians Page 70 Of Earthquakes and of their causes a Phylosophicall discours Page 75 Eugenius the Pope a Venetian Page 79 The Emperour Frederik with Leonora his Wife com to Venice Page 8 The Emperour invites the Turk to war with the Venetian Page 88 F. Forren Princes usually entertaind by Venice Page 7 Falerio Duke of Venice put to death because he married a stranger c. Page 12 Of Frivili Page 13 The first Prince of Venice Page 58 Freedom from taxes granted to Venice throughout all the Greek Empire Page 62 Freedoms granted by Otho the Emperour to the Venetians Page 62 Flabenico Duke of Venice Page 65 Freedom given to the Venetian through all Syria Page 67 Emperour Frederiques fast answer to the Venetians Page 68 Th'Emperour Frederiques submission to the Pope at Venice Page 69 The first War twixt Venice and Genoa Page 71 The first excommunication against Venice without Ferrara Page 74 The first Ambassador from England to Venice 1332. Page 75 G. Of the Gulps of Venice Page 9 The Government of Venice hath a grain of Monarchy a dram of Democracy and an ounce of Optimacy Page 10 The great Councell of Venice Page 16 Gentlemen of Venice great