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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62424	The annals and history of Cornelius Tacitus his account of the antient Germans, and the life of Agricola / made English by several hands ; with the political reflecions and historical notes of Monsieur Amelot De La Houffay and the learned Sir Henry Savile.; Works. 1698	Tacitus, Cornelius.; Lipsius, Justus, 1547-1606.; Dryden, John, 1631-1700.; Bromley, William, 1664-1732.; Potenger, John, 1647-1733.	1698 (1698)	Wing T101; ESTC R17150	606,117	529

Duke of Braganza's Brother and Children who were in Exile that he might not in the beginning of his Reign shew that he had a Design to change what Iohn the Second his Predecessor had done and that he might not make them his Enemies to whom Iohn had given their confiscated Estates Ch. 13. of his History to more rigid Customs which had so long been accustom'd to a soft voluptuous way of Living The Year of Rome 768. XLVIII Under the Consulship of Drusus and Norbanus a Triumph for Germanicus was decreed though the War was yet in being And though he had made great Preparations for the Summer following yet he anticipated the Time by a sudden Irruption in the beginning of the Spring into the Country of the Catti For there were Grounds of Hope that Factions would arise among them some taking part with Arminius others with Segestes both of them very considerable to the Romans one by his breach of Faith the other by his Constancy Arminius had disturb'd the Peace of Germanicus and kindl'd the War against the Romans Segestes had openly declar'd in the last solemn Festivals and many times before they rose in Arms that a Conspiracy was hatching to Revolt at the same time advising Varus 1 The good Opinion which most Great Men have of their Ability or of their Strength makes them often neglect to search the bottom of the Cabals and Conspiracies which are formed against them I never saith Commines knew a Prince who was able to know the difference betwixt Men until he came into Necessity and into Trouble They who act in Fear provide well against Contingencies and oftner succeed than those who proceed with Pride For which Reason 't is no Shame to be Suspicious but it is a great Shame to be deceived and to be ruined by Negligence C. 12. of l. 1. the 4 th of the 2 d. and the 5th of the 3 d. About the middle of the last Age there happened a Revolution at Sienna which serves for a Lesson to Governours A Spark of this general Conspiracy against the Emperour saith Iohn Ant. de Vera flew from the Kingdom of Naples to Sien●a where Don Diego de Mendosa then commanded but this Spark entred so subtilly that although Don Diego had Notice given him of it he yet found somewhat in the outward Carriage of the People wherewith to flatter his Incredulity which in the end cost him very dear for the People of Sienna coming to cry out Liberty drove the Spaniards and the Florentines out of their City and received a French Garison in their stead Epitome of the Life of Charles the Fifth And this was the cause that Don Diego who had been so great a Man in his Youth was not employed in his old Age so that his riper Years paid for the Faults of his younger Thus Le Dom Baltazar de Suninga speaks of him in the Extract of his Life which he hath prefixed to his History of the Wars of Grenada in which he hath very much imitated the Stile of Tacitus to secure Arminius and himself and all the Leading Men of the Germans the People not being in any capacity of Rebelling when they were unfurnish'd of Commanders And this once done Varus would have sufficient Leisure to distinguish afterwards betwixt the Guilty and the Innocent 2 This is what all Governours ought to do upon Notice given them of Conspiracies which are a forming against the Prince and the State immediately to secure saith a Politician the Persons suspected and the Places which they command that they may afterwards at leisure inform themselves what there is in it and finding them guilty punish them according to the Exigence of the Case For in such Occurrences Incredulity is perilous all Delays are dangerous the least Iealousie is reputed a Crime and the slightest suspicious make room for Iustice to take place which cannot be too rigorous Rigour in such a case passing for Clemency and Favour for Rigour Thus Princes and Ministers of State in Treasonable Practices ought in the first place to take the Buckler of Resolution and afterwards to unsheath the Sword of Iustice either against the Heads only of the Conspiracy for Example or against all that are engaged in it for the Offence In the Memoirs of Montresor The Cardinal de Richelieu strongly maintains this Maxim In the course of ordinary Affairs saith he Iustice requires an authentick Proof but it is not the same in those which concern the State For in such a case that which appears by pressing Conjectures ought sometimes to be held to be sufficiently proved because Conspiracies which are formed against the publick Safety are commonly managed with so much Cunning and Secrecy that there is never any evident Proof thereof but by their Event which admits of no Remedy In these cases we must sometimes begin with the Execution whereas in all others legal Evidence by Witnesses or undeniable Papers is preferable to all other Ways Pol. Test. p. 2. c. 5. But Varus perish'd by his Destiny 3 The Power of the Destinies saith Paterculus is not to be surmounted when they will destroy any one they pervert his Counsels and take away his Iudgment Ch. 57. and 118. Commines saith When God is so highly offended that he will no longer endure a Person but will shew his Power and his Divine Iustice then he first diminishes the Understanding of Princes so that they shun the Counsel of the Wise c. Cap. ult of l. 5. of his Memoirs Ierom Moron Chancellor of Millain was esteemed the greatest Politician that was in Italy and yet he fell into the Nets of the Marquis of Pesquera whom all his Friends advised him to beware of as of a Man who would infallibly sacrifice him to Charles the Fifth A Thing which appeared so much the stranger to me saith Guichardin because I remember that Moron often told me in the time of Leo the Tenth That there was not a worse nor a more perfidious Man in Italy than the Marquis of Pesquera His History l. 6. and by the Valour of 4 It is no small Question amongst Politicians and Soldiers Whether it is better for a General of an Army to have great Courage with a moderate Understanding or a great Understanding with moderate Courage The Cardinal de Richelieu gives the Preference to great Courage and afterwards adds This Proposition will appear it may be surprising it being contrary to what many have thought of this matter but the Reason of it is evident Men of great Courage are not put into a Consternation by danger and consequently all the Understanding and Iudgment which God hath given them is serviceable to them on such Occasions On the contrary Men of little Courage being easily put into a Consternation find themselves so disordered at the least Danger that how great an Understanding soever they have it is utterly unserviceable to them because their Fear deprives them of the Use of it As

Henry Cardinal King of Portugal died the same hour in which he was born 68 years before had finish'd his Life The number of his Consulships was extoll'd likewise which equall'd those of Valerius Corvinus and Caius Marius c Paterculus says that he was Consul eleven times and refused to be Consul any more Book 2. Chap. 89. Now Marius had been Consul seven times and Corvinus six both together that had enjoy'd the Tribunitial Power without Intermission 37 Years had been saluted Emperor d That is Victorious General or Great Captain Tacitus says that 't is an honour which Armies formerly gave to their Captains when they were over-joy'd for having gain'd a Victory So that at the same time there were many Emperors who did not take place of one another At the end of the 3 Book of his Annals one and twenty times Besides a multitude of other Honours which had been heap'd upon him or invented for him But the Politicians examin'd the conduct of his Life after another manner Some said that his filial Piety to Caesar the necessity of Affairs and the importance of the Laws had hurry'd him into a Civil War 1 We must not always ascribe to Princes the Cause of publick Evils for sometimes the Times contribute more to them than the Men. A Prince who at his accession to the Throne finds the Kingdom in disorder and upon the brink of ruine must of necessity use violent Remedies to give Life again to the Laws to root out dissentions and to set the Government upon a right foot which cou'd not possibly be manag'd with the Forms of Iustice though the Cause was honest That he had consented to many violent proceedings of Anthony and e 'T is true says Paterculus they reviv'd again the Proscription which had been begun by Sylla but this was not approved of by 〈◊〉 though being single against two he could not oppose the Fury of 〈◊〉 and Lepidus joyn'd together Lepidus 2 Sometimes Princes shut their Eyes that they may not see the Oppressions and Crimes they would be obliged to punish if their Eyes were open There are times when rigour wou'd be p●ejudicial to their Affairs and particularly in the midst of a Civil War when 't is dangerous to encrease the Number of Male-Contents because he had need of their assistance to revenge the Murther of his Father That Lepidus being grown Effeminate by the Sloath of a Private Life Anthony drown'd in his debauches and the Common-Wealth torn in pieces by the Discord of her Citizens there was no other Remedy left in Nature but the Government of a single Person which notwithstanding Augustus had never taken up the Title f Paterculus says that Caesar was become odious from the day he assisted at the Feast of the Lupercalia when Mark Anthony his Coleague in the Consulship put upon his Head a Royal Diadem for Caesar refused it in such a manner as shewed that though the Action was rash yet it had not much displeased him Hist. 2. Chap. 56. Besides he happen'd to say before that they must take care how they spoke to him for the future and that he meant what he said should be a Law Suetonius in his Life of King 3 A Prince ought to forbear to assume new Titles and Honours for instead of gaining by the new Power he pretends to he runs the risque of losing that which no body denied him Augustus a wise Prince was cautious of taking the Title which a Thought of only cost his Predecessor his Life or of Dictator 4 The Dictatorship being an image of the ancient Regal Power Augustus would never accept it to shew that he avoided whatsoever had made his Uncle odious Ovid makes the reign of Augustus and Romulus to oppose each other as Liberty and Sovereign Power Ti● domini nomen says he to Romulus principis ille gerit but contented himself to be call'd Prince of the Senate That the Empire was owing to him for being surrounded by the Ocean g The Roman Empire was bounded on the West by the Ocean on the North by the Danube and the Rhine on the East by the Euphrates and the Tygris on the South by the Mountain Atla● and remote Rivers 5 The greatest Contests which happen among Princes arise upon the subject of limits especially when their Lands lie one among the others as those of the Dukes of Savoy and Mantua in Montferrat of the King of Spain and of the Dukedome of Venice in the Milaneze of the same Republick and of the Grand Signior in Dalmatia and in the Islands of the Levant On the contrary when Kingdoms are divided by the Sea by Mountains or by strong Forts which hinder a Passage Princes have less disputes with one another That the Provinces the Legions and the Naval Force were well united the Citizens obedient to the Laws the Allies in terms of dutiful respect and the Town adorn'd with stately Buildings that it was to be acknowledg'd he sometimes made use of Severity and Force but very rarely and always for preservation of the Publick Safety h Paterculus says that Augustus was resolved to refuse the Dictatorship when the People offer'd it to him Chap. 89. On the other side it was alledg'd that the boasted Piety of a Son to a Father and the Necessities of a Common-Wealth were only his pretext 6 The actions of great Princes have always been liable to the Peoples censure how wise soever they may have been the Speculative have ever been able to give probable reasons for their conduct nor do the Male-contents and the Envious ever want matter to de●ame them When Philip II. caused his Son Don Carlos to be arrested all the Courtiers spoke of it as their inclinations led them for the Father or the Son Some call'd him Prudent and others Severe because his Sport and his Revenge met together Cabrera Chap. 22. the 7th Book of his History Commines paints Iohn II. King of Portugal as a Cruel and Barbarous Prince because he kill'd his Co●in-German the Duke of Viseu and cut off the Head of the Duke of Bragance Brother to the Queen his Wife Chap. 17. of the last Book of his Memoirs On the contrary Mariana says that he was a lover of ●ustice and the Great Men of the Kingdom hated him because he seiz'd the Criminals who withdrew for shelter into their Territories and Castles And as for the Dukes of Viseu and Bragance who had both conspired against the Person of the King and his Kingdom I believe Commines would have agreed with Mariana if he more narrowly examin'd this matter Chap. 23. of the 14th Book and the 11th of the 26 Book of the History Where by the way we may observe that the Resemblance between Vice and Virtue often causes the Common People to confound and blend 'em together giving to both the Name which belongs to its contrary that through an insatiable desire of reigning he

the Tiberius of our Kings obtain'd his ends of the King of England and the Dukes of Normandy of Britany of Burgundy and of the Dutchess of Savoy who were all in a Confederacy against him by as many Particular Treaties which ba●●led all their ill designs After the Death of the Duke of Burgunay he Re-united to his Crown Peronne Mondidier Roie Arras Hesdin and Bo●logne by gaining the Lord of Cordes who was Governor thereof And Co●●●ines saith that he could not in a long time have done tha● by Force which he did by secret ln telligence by the means of this Lord Lib. 5. Cap. 15. 16. And of all the Persons that I ever knew Lewis XI was the most dextrous in getting himself out of the Briars in times o● Adversity and in gaining to his interest a Man that could serve or hurt him Lib. 1. Cap. 10. It was by this way that he oblig'd the Sigambri p The People of Guelderland and Fries●and to submit the Su●vi and King Marobod●●s to accept a Peace That now the Romans were reveng'd and their Honour repair'd the Cherusci and the other rebellious Nations might be securely left to worry one another by Domestick Quarrels Germanicus desiring one Year more to compleat his Undertaking 3 Iealous and Suspicious Princes as Tiberius was had rather lose a certain Good than to be oblig'd for it to a Captain whose Glory gives them jealousie They love Conquests very well but commonly they cannot endu●e the Conquerors Cardinal Richelieu said that there is no Prince in a worse Condition than ●e who instead of governing himself with respect to the Publick Interests hath Passion for his Guide and who being not able always to do himself the things which he is obliged to is uneasie to let them be done by another and that to be capable to suffer himself to be served is not one of the least Qualities which a great King can have Chap. 6. de la 1 partie de son Testament Pol. Observe by the way the Malignity of Tiberius He calls Germani●us to the Enjoyment of the Consulship and to the Honour of a Triumph before he had compleated the Conquest of Germany to turn that into Grace and Favour to him which he was upon the Point of meriting under the Title of a Reward By this advance he chang'd the Obligation and would have that appear to be the Effect of Paternal Kindness which was Tyrannical injustice Tiberius more briskly attacks his Modesty with the Offer of a New Consulship which he was to execute at Rome in Person adding That if the War should continue he ought to leave it as a Scene of Glory for his Brother Drusus who now the Empire had no other Enemies could not acquire the Title of Imperator nor merit a Triumph unless in the German War 4 Thus Princes endeavour to justifie their Resolutions by spec●ous Reasons notwithstanding they have power to command absolutely Modesty serves for a Cover of the Injustice Germanicus press'd it no farther though he knew well enough 5 The more insight we have into the Thoughts of Princes the less we ought to discover it for nothing offends them more than to shew them that we are more cunning than themselves Part of our respect saith Tacitus consists in feigning that we understand nothing of their Artifices Intelligebantur artes sed pars obsequii in ●o ne depre●enderentur Hist. that these were no other than specious Pretences and that he was recall'd through Envy when he was at the very Point of accomplishing his glorious Enterprizes q Philip II. of Spain a Prince who had much of Tiberius in him dealt almost in the same manner with his Brother Don Iohn of Austria in giving the Command of the Army in the War of Grenada to Don Lewis Fejar●o Marquis of V●lez under colour of ●asing Don Iohn who had the whole weight of the Government of this Kingdom upon him but in truth to take out of his hands the Glory of reducing the Rebels which were already much weakned D●●go de Mendoza Cap. ● Lib. 3. of the War of Grenada XXVII About the same time Lib● Drusus of the Family of the Scribonii was accus'd of a Conspiracy against the Government I shall give an exact Account of the Rise Progress and Issue of this Affair because this was the first time those pernicious Practices were set on foot which for a long time after afflicted the State and prey'd on the very Vitals of it Firmius Catus a Senator and an intimate Friend of Libo puts this imprudent Young-man who was apt enough to be amused with vain Hopes r Monsieur de Cinqmars Grand-Ecuier of France much resembled Lib● but with this Difference that Libo was ruin'd by the Treachery of his Confident whereas Monsieur de Cinqmars ruin'd his Confident Monsieur 〈…〉 a Man of as great Virtue as Ca●us was of Vill●●y upon trinketting with Astrologers Magicians and Interpreters of Dreams 1 The Predictions of Astrologers and Fortune-tellers have in all times been fatal to Great Men who hav● given credit to them for either they have render'd them suspected to their Prince as Persons who build their hopes on Revolutions and Opportunities which they wait for or they have engaged them in Unfortunate Enterprizes of which they would have never dreamt if their Credulity had not blinded them Mariana relates a remarkable Instance of this in Don Diego Duke of Viseu who being at the Head of a Conspiracy against Iohn II. King of Portugal had the Confidence or rather Rashness to go to the King who sent for him being persuaded that he should escape so great a Danger because it had been predicted to him that he should reign and that if the King seized him he should be succour'd in the very nick of time by all the Great Men that were engag'd in the Conspiracy But he was mistaken in his reasoning for the King stabb'd him with his own hand saying to him Go and tell the Duke of Braganza the issue of the Plot which he laid Whereupon Mariana concludes with the Words of Tacitus That Astrologers are a Generation of Men ●it only to abuse Great Persons by Vain and Flattering Promises who have and always will find Belief and Applause in all Countrys notwithstanding their Lies are so common and so well known to all the World Lib. 24. Cap. ult of his History 'T is true saith Father Paul these Predictions sometimes come to pass by Chance or by some other secret Cause but most commonly they are the Cause that a great many Credulous People run themselves upo● ruine Hist. of the Council of Trent Lib. 5. To conclude it looks as if God permitted Great Men to be beset by Astrologers to humble them for he hath always sent them so many Disgraces and Afflictions as these Ra●cally Cheats have promised them Grandeurs and Successes These study only to make them Prognosticks which set them above the

Brother in the most submissive manner he begs Pardon of Tiberius who appear'd not in the least mov'd thereby By and by the Emperor reads the Accusations and the Names of their Authors with such temper that he seemed neither to extenuate nor aggravate the Crimes XXX Besides Trio and Catus there came also two Accusers more Fonteius Agrippa and C. Livius amongst whom there was some dispute which of them had the Right to accuse him but when they could not agree amongst themselves and Libo came without an Advocate Livius declar'd that he would exhibit the several Crimes wherewith he was charged Of which one was That he had consulted with the Astrologers whether he should ever be rich enough to cover the Appian way from Rome to Brundusium with Money and the rest were much of the same nature Ridiculous and Pitiful Only there was a Writing in Libo's hand upon which the Accuser insisted very much wherein were the Names of the Caesars and of some Senators with Dangerous and Mysterious Notes added to them Libo disowning it 't was thought ●it to put some of his Slaves who knew his hand to the Question But because it was forbidden by an ancient Decree of the Senate to examine a Slave by torture against the Life of his Master Tiberius who was ingenious at inventing new Laws 1 There are occasions wherein the Prince for the Safety of his Person or for the Repose of his People is constrain'd to accommodate the Laws to the Necessity of his Affairs Politicians pretend that the Laws consist not in words but in the Sense which the Publick Authority gives them and that they have no force but as far as the Prince lends it them who is the sole legal Interpreter of them Howsoever that be a good Prince ought as much as is possible to avoid coming to new Examples of severity therein for whatsoever the Cause or the Colour may be the Novelty of the procedure makes him pass for Cruel The action of Pope Sixtus-Quintus who order'd a Youth to be put to Death who was under Seventeen years old telling the Governor of Rome that he would give him ten of his own years that he might be of the Age requir'd by the Laws * Leti lib. 1. part 2 of his Life this Action I say ought rather to be forgotten than imitated order'd Libo's Slaves to be sold to the Publick Register that they might be examin'd against him by torture without infringing the Law 2 It ill becomes Princes to use certain tricks and shams of Art to put a colour upon Frauds and real Injustice The manner of the same Sixtus-Quintu●'s dealing with the Author of a Pasquinade upon his Sister Donna Camilla is another action that did no honour to his Pontificate We have promis'd you your Life and 1000 Pistols said he to this Unhappy Man and we freely give you both for coming and making the Discovery your self but we reserv'd in our mind a Power to have your ●ongue and both your Hands cut off to hinder you from speaking or writing any more L●ti lib. 2. part 2. of his Life It is of him that the Pagliari speaks in his 210 Observation where he saith We have seen in our days a Prince who did not invent new Laws but who extended the old ones to all cases which he had a Mind to comprehend under them saying that this was the Intention of the Prince who made them although● these Cases were not expressed in them Not only all Germany but also all Europe detested the Fraud which Charles V. put upon the Landtgrave of Hesse by the help of one word of the Treaty wherein his Ministers slipt in a W instead of an N so that in the Copy which the Landtgrave signed it was written Euvige whereas the Minutes or the rough Draught had Einige which entirely alter'd one of the Essential Conditions of the Treaty which was that the Landtgrave stipulated to be sent back without any Imprisonment ohne einige ge fangus whereas the Emperor on the contrary having caus'd him to be arrested by the Duke of Alva said that by the Treaty he was obliged only not to hold him in perpetual Imprisonment as the Word Euvige signifies Heiss. li 3. part 1. of his History of the Empire Don Iuan Antonio de Vera endeavours to 〈◊〉 Charles V by saying that the 〈◊〉 had no reason ●o 〈…〉 that a Promise to exempt him 〈◊〉 perpetual Imprisonment 〈…〉 that he was 〈…〉 But this doth 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 to the Let●● 〈…〉 written in it yet he can't he excused from breaking his Word seeing he knew that the Landtgrave and his Mediators Maurice Duke of Saxony and the Elector of Brandenburgh had agreed and capitulated for the Contrary Upon which Libo having desir'd that he might have time given him till the next Day for his answer went home and sent by the Hands of his Kinsman P. Q●irinius his last Petition to the Emperor whose Answer was that he must address himself to the Senate XXXI In the mean time his House was beset with Soldiers who made such a Noise in the Porch as if they desir'd to be taken notice of so that perceiving what he was to expect he was Melancholly at this last Feast which he had made to take his farewell of Pleasure and called for some body to kill him laid hold on his Servants and put a Sword into their Hands but they trembling and drawing back threw down the Light that stood on the Table and the Horror of the Darkness suiting with his design he immediately gave himself two stabs in the Belly His Freed man hearing him groan as he fell ran to him and the Soldiers retired at the sad Spectacle The Accusation was still prosecuted in the Senate with the same Heat However Tiberius swore that he would have interceeded with the Senate for his Life notwithstanding his Guilt had he not prevented him by a Voluntary Death XXXII His Estate was divided amongst the Accu●ers and his Prae●orship was given to some of the Senate before the Assembly was held for the Election of Officers At the same time Cotta Messalinus moved that Libo's Image might not be carry'd in the Procession of the Funerals of his Kindred Cneius Lentulus that none of the Family of the Scribonii might take the Sirname of Drusus 1 The Names of Traytors ought to be bury'd in Eternal 〈◊〉 To bear their Name is to partake of their Infamy with them and in some sort to approve of what they have done Iohn II. King of Portugal giving to Emanuel who afterwards succeeded him in the Throne the Con●i●cation of the Duke of Viseu his Brother's Estate made him take the Title of Duke of Beja instead of that of Viseu that this young Prince might not bear the Name of a Tray●or who would have kill'd his King Mariana Cap. ult Lib. 24 of his History And since that time there have never been any Dukes of Vise● notwithstanding Emanuel and

the Land and climbs up to the Tops of Mountains as if they were its proper Road and Channel XI Whether the first Inhabitants of this Island were Natives or imported Strangers is hardly to be found in this or any barbarous Nation We may conjecture at their Original by the various Fashions of their Bodies They that live in Caledonia are red Headed big Limb'd which speaks them of a German Extraction The Swarthiness of the Silures and their curled Hair would induce one to believe by their Situation over-against Spain that the Iberi had heretofore failed over and planted themselves in these parts They that are Neighbours to the French are like them either because the Qualities and Strength of their Progenitors continue in them or because in Countries bordering upon one another the same Climate createth the same Complexion But 't is generally believed the French first Peopled those Parts You may guess at their Religion by their superstitious Opinions Their Speech differs but little with equal Boldness they challenge Dangers and with equal Fear decline them when they come The British Fierceness has the Preference being not at present softned by a long and a sluggish Peace The French were formerly brave but being invaded by Sloth and Idleness they lost their Courage and their Liberty The same Fate attended the Britains heretofore The rest remain such as the French were XII Their greatest Strength lies in their Infantry Some Nations use Chariots in War the greatest Men drive them and their Dependants defend them They were formerly governed by Kings but now they are divided into Faction and Parties by some Ring-Leaders That which contributed most to our conquering these Warlike Nations was their having no Common Council seldom above two or three Cities at a time concerted Methods of repelling the Common Foe So that whilst they fought singly they were universally overcome They have a dropping and a cloudy Sky the Cold here is not sharp the Days are of a greater Length than ours the Night is clear and in the Extream Parts short so that you scarce distinguish the Beginning from the Ending of the Day They affirm if the Clouds did not interpose the Rays of the Sun would be always visible and that he does not rise and set but glide by because the Extream and Plain Parts of the Earth project a low and humble Shadow which makes Night hang hovering under the Stars and Sky The Soil will bear all sorts of Grain besides the Olive and the Vine and such as love a hotter Climate It is very fruitful and every thing springs quickly but ripens slowly which is the effect of moist Grounds and showry Heavens This Country produces Gold and Silver and other Metals which defray the Charge of their Conquest The Sea breeds Pearl not very Orient but pale and wan Some suppose it want of Skill in those that pick them up for in the Red Sea they are plucked from the Rock alive and breathing but in Britain they are gathered as they lie about in the Sea But I believe there is more want of Worth in the Pearl than Skill viz. Greediness in them who gather ' em XIII The Britains suffer patiently the Levying of Men and Money and faithfully discharge all Publick Employments imposed on them if so be they are not abused thereby which to them is intolerable being at present subdued to Obedience but not to Vassalage Iulius Caesar altho' he first made a Descent with his Army and ●righted the People with a successful Battel yet he possessed himself of nothing but the Shoar and seem'd rather to shew than deliver them to Posterity Now the Civil Wars of Rome turned the Great Mens Swords upon the Common-wealth and Britain was forgot during a long Peace Augustus but especially Tiberius termed that Oblivion State-Policy But 't is certainly known Caius had a Design to attack Britain had he not been of a Temper to resolve suddenly and as suddenly to alter his Resolution or had he not been disappointed by the bad Success his Arms had in Germany 't was Claudius who first effectually prosecuted its Conquest transporting Legions and Auxiliaries and taking Vespatian in to the Enterprize which was a Prelude to his future Greatness Now it was that Countries were reduced Kings captivated and Vespatian made known to the World XIV The first Lieutenant-General ● was Aulus Plautius the next Ostorius Scapula both great Commanders By degrees the nearest Parts were brought into the Form of a Province where a Colony of old Soldiers was planted Some Cities were bestowed on King Cogidunus who continued faithful even within our Memory according to an Ancient Practice of the Romans who made Kings the Instruments of the Peoples Slavery What others acquired Didius Gallus preserved and by erecting a few Castles farther up in the Country sought to gain the Reputation of having extended his Trust. Verantius followed Didius and died in a Year's time After that Suetonius Paullinus was very successful for two Years subduing Nations and fortifying Garisons upon Confidence of which he was resolved to make an Attempt on the Island Mona that still furnished the Rebels with fresh Supplies XV. But this turning of his Back gave the Britains a fair Opportunity whose Fear left them with the Lieutenant-General they had now leisure to consider the Mischiefs of Bondage and to compare their Miseries and be inflamed by their reflecting upon them What was the Effect of their Patien●e but to have heavier Burdens laid upon their Shoulders as if they were ready to bear any thing They had heretofore but one King at a time but now they had two a Lieutenant to be lavish of their Lives and a Procurator to make havock of their Fortunes Their Governour 's Discord or Concord was equally pernicious to the Subject vexed by the Soldiers and Centurions of the one and the Force and Contumely of the other nothing was exempted from their Luxury and Lust The Brave in Fight should plunder but now their Houses were become a Prey to base ignoble Cowards their Children forced away and Soldiers required of them as if they knew nothing but to die for their Country If the Britains would but Number themselves they would find how few of their Soldiers compared to them had been brought over The Germans shook off their Yoke who had not the Ocean but a River only for their Defence And that they had the juster Cause of War their Country Parents and their Wives whereas their Enemies had no pretence but Avarice and Luxury Would they but emulate their Ancestors and not be daunted at the Event of one or two Battles and consider that Men in Misery are apt to make the braver Attempts and to go on with the greater Perseverance they might make these their Enemies as hastily return as their Ancestors did their first Invader Iulius by calling away the Roman General and by detaining him and his banish'd Army in another Island they had vanquished the greatest Difficulty