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cause_n	find_v	great_a	know_v	2,951	5	3.3432	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A89449	The chiefe events of the monarchie of Spaine, in the yeare 1639. / Written by the Marquesse Virgilio Maluezzi, one of his Majesties Councell of Warre. Translated out of th'Italian copy, by Robert Gentilis Gent.; Successi principali della monarchia di Spagna nell'anno M.DC.XXXIX. English.	Malvezzi, Virgilio, marchese, 1595-1653.; Gentilis, Robert.	1647 (1647)	Wing M355; Thomason E1161_1; ESTC R202848	79,537	217

times because it increaseth the understanding and for the most part because it leaves a man to his free will taking away the power of Law with that of necessitie In engaging hee disingageth in raising difficulties hee makes them easie changing just things into unjust and making that necessary which was but convenient Nature be it slow wise or sparing delayeth her uttermost endeavours for the last violent assaults True it is that reserving it selfe to be able to doe it it often dies without doing it and oft-times because it hath not done it One ought not to runne upon conquests every time as one may In the execution of these orders which were the soule of the enterprise of Salsas it is fitting to speake with honour of the vigilancie and care of Don Hierome of Villanova Protenotarie of Arragon a most qualified Officer acute of understanding quick in executing great in intelligences and most faithfull in his services To have great designes come to a good end it is enough if hee undertakes them losing one hope he despaires not and never forsaking the businesse either he attaines to it by valour or tireth it with diligence and alway overcommeth it This Hold which Marquis Spinola besieged against his will being ledd unto it by chances engaged in it by fortune kept there through obedience he wonne not onely by great valour gallantnesse and vigilancy qualities by which men use to winne such holds but also by diffidencie which ordinarily loseth them He did as much as a Generall could doe to bring an enterprise to passe and writ as much as an officer could to desert it sometimes shewing a desire to raise the siege and almost still giving occasion to be commanded to continue it This way which gon about by a dejected mind would have ruined the enterprise being undertaken by a high spirit secured it The Count Duke was not daunted like one that had no heart nor grew not obstinat like those that have no braine Constancy engaged him to find a remedy for diffidencie and he stood not to dispute the matter with reasons but went on to overcome difficuties with providing money ammunition provision and men and the seemingnesse of want to be greater then it was became the cause of having the conquest by a meanes thought impossible The eminency of understanding causeth a man to be fearfull and a great heart to be rash where they are equall they oppose one another to get the conquest the braine would intimidate the breast and the breast would make the braine valiant From that conflict comes forth a mixt which is not feare but consideration and there they two being qualifyed leave off the contention betweene themselves and with one accord set upon the difficulties the breast will not yeeld to them the brain will overcome them and whereas severall they might have lost the one being abject and fearefull the other obstinate and rash being united they overcome with constancie and providence I know not whether next to God and the King the glory of the enterprise be due to the Count Duke but I know he gave it knowledge power will and accomplishment giving them order they should not give off the siege teaching them how to secure it providing for the maintenance of it and with so much abundance that it might be overcome The Cavallerie lay idle under Salsas There came Intelligence that the enemy had laid up in a Castle in France fodder and victuall and had not left a sufficient guard to defend it from a sodaine assault The Generalls with the advice of other commanders resolved to send Duke St. George with eight hundred horse and five hundred musquettiers to fire it The enterprise seemed to be bold and painefull as grounded onely upon doubtfull and unlikely advices The Duke set forward and by the way met with a body of Cavallery more numerous then his owne standing in a readinesse whether it were there before or by chance or upon notice given This unexpected accident forced him to alter his mind but not his valour nor wisedome and made him resolve to alter his fire into stee●e and conquer where he could not burn He sent th'Infantrie to take the passes to make his retreate good in case he should discover more forces and be with his Cavallery went to charge those horse which were in sight he routed and put them to flight slew them and tooke but few prisoners because he would not trouble himselfe and so returned victorious to the Camp This Cavalier is sonne to the Marquis of Torrecusa his actions which speake for him shew his father to be not onely valiant in fighting but also happy in begetting of children Leaving it doubtfull in what fortune hath most subjected him to envy either in what he hath performed or in that he hath begotten The King of France his Army consisting of twenty thousand horse and foot shewed it self entrenched upon a little hill with some few squadrons descending into the plaine viewed the outward workes to relieve the Place Marquis Spinola had disposed all things with watchfull prudency fearelessely expecting th' assault A troope of horse about midnight endeavoured to come neere the trenches but the ground slippery and yeelding by reason of the great quantitie of raine water engaged some to forsake their horses which were fallen and mired there and the rest to retreate A thunder bolt fell in the mid'st of them the noise gave alarme to the trenches The night was darke tempestuous and rainy His Majesties army stood impatient and desirous to fight Having laid aside their musquets as unprofitable they expected their enemy with ●pike and sword when a light descended upon them which shewed the points of their armes bright in proportion of a starre Whether it was naturall as well it might be signified the clearing up of the aire or supernaturall which may be believed in a cause so just and shewed heaven to be favourable to us But whether it indeed proceeded from a heavenly or ethereall knowne or unknowne beginning it was a light and every one saw it The Walloones whose fortifications the enemy threatned after much silence gave a great shout In doubtfull cases every thing is great There is no meane betweene silence and shouting The spirits which in danger runne to the heart cannot move the tongue and there is silence If need require to advantage our selves by uttering our voice being all heaped up in a vitall part they runne with such violence to the organs of speaking that they must needs frame a great sound The enemy had a great number of forced and new men who being already fearfull of their owne nature and dejected by reason of the waters which incessantly powred downe terrified and amazed with the light armes and shouting as if the thunder and lightning had followed them fled away the valiantest sought to stay them and when they found that to be in vaine they likewise retired and fled confusedly Their tents armes waggons

more desperate and that questionlesse when she is assaulted Her mind cannot be gained it must be forced she will give unto the French whatsoever the Spaniards doe not take That the King ought to procure that shee might be wonne to her selfe taking away her estate that she may not lose it with an intent as a guardian to restore it to her again when her Frenzie is over-past and that shee hath recovered her health In the mean time that it is necessarie to hinder her from casting it into the hands of the French and binde these to leave that by force which they had through covetousnesse usurped or to restore it through envie The presence of those Princes to bee necessary they had not yet gathered so many intelligences as they would gather Let Potentates and strange Common-wealths Armies once heare them and they will know that the King of Spaine goeth to protect and not to gaine Let the Subjects see their faces and they will believe they come to govern them and not to fight with them All will follow them partly confessing themselves oblieged for received favours and partly knowing themselves freed from the oath which was given them honour and conveniencie not hindering them and feare and interest pricking them on That those people hate the French and distrust the Spaniards and so being unresolved between distrust and hatred they shall scarce see the Princes but without exact examination of the businesse they will without any further consideration cast themselves into their armes He who is in a streight betweene two contraries feares hurt from each and as soone as he seeth a third without further advise he runnes precipitously to him The hatred will be encreased towards a womans government and contempt of a childes Distasters will be imputed some to the ignorance and some to the evill will of them that rule They will desire to change their Lord and at last they will change him They confessed that intelligences which are had in States promise more then they can doe counting of that which others shall doe and that others are deceived in the doing making accompt of that which hath been promised them Hee that means to undertake an enterprise and sets intelligences foremost in an accompt shall find himselfe deceived These ought to follow hopes not to frame them doing service enough when other things are disposed as if they served for nothing Great forces confirme those who are well affected and gaine those who stand doubtfull Small forces lose every one even those whose understandings were before perswaded That his Majestie did confide in the greatnesse of Armies as in a substance in that of intelligences as in an accident Who comes into a State with these two runnes like a torrent and the further hee goeth the more he increaseth That Prince Thomas his valour and experience in his owne Countrie if no other circumstances did concurre promised victories That the Marquesse of Leganes gentlenesse of mind who without losing the Supream power could yeild the supreame honour would secure all disturbances in the progresse And the good intention of the King and Princes after they had gone forward The King not weighing whether it were profitable or hurtfull that Prince Thomas should goe into Italie onely willing to satisfie the desire he seemed to have of it granted him leave and he came thither just at that time that the Marquisse of Leganes incited by many Letters of Count Duke resolved to take the field Hee knew that to overcome the Frenches valour it would be very advantagious to conquer their nature Hee already for two yeares time had happily found by experience what a great helpe celeritie was in Matiall affaires and that greater swiftnesse was able to counterpoise greater force The nature of the heavens sheweth it wherein the weakest are made the swiftest because the inferiour shall not be hindered by the mightier The Moone whose influence hath not vertue to equall Saturnes sheweth her effects more cleete and if she doth not produce them greater shee reiterateth them more often supplying the weaknesse of her beame with the swiftnesse of her motion The French is brought into streights by being prevented either he believes not himselfe to be come time enough to opperate and so gives himselfe over or he moves out of time and so loseth himselfe The Spaniard is not so his nature is slow and when that slownesse imprints a quality which seemes to be hurtfull not failing in what is necessary he brings into consequence the others which follow it in such manner equalled with the first that they make it profitable or at least they doe correct it Who so is overcome in his peculiar quality ruines with the consequent Not by reason of the first which he hath lost but of the rest which he hath not changed The Marquesse of Leganes sent D. Martino d' Arragon with a part of the Army to the passes And hee with the rest came to Novara Thither came Prince Thomas they discoursed of the surprisall of Civasco and it was resolved in Vercelli to attempt it The Prince with two thou and Horse did attempt it and having had good successe hee being strengthened with two thousand foot which the Marquesse sent him set upon Jurea assaulted it got within the Walls and wonne it Veglia yeilded to him and becomming Lord of both their Territories hee became Master of the vale of Osta Don Martino of Aragon thinking that to gaine Cencio it was first necessary for him to take Saliceto a small Castle sent D. Lewes of Lincastro thither he raised a Battery against it with two Demi-Cannon D. Martino went to view the place and a Musket-shot hitting him in the forehead slew him A Souldier of extraordinarie valour who had with his hand justified what he was He was loving to his inferiours affable to his equalls and reverent to his betters Great in place experience hope and merit Worthy to live to performe greater matters or to die upon a greater service But there was nothing to be found fault with in him if so unhappy a death had not given cause to accuse fortune The losse of D. Martino might have occasioned some competition amongst the chiefe Officers which useth to end in tumults But D. Lewis Ponze of Leon giving no time to discourses came to remedie it with his perswasions and chiefly by his example For calling them altogether he shewed them that he was one of his Majesties Councell of warre the eldest field Marshall and of the tertia of Lombardie hee said that by reason of these qualities and of some circumstances by right the government belonged to him which he did voluntarily lay downe sacrificing his owne interest to the good of the King his Master who when he receives dammage by a competition every he who is in the right doth deserve punishment there being no private respect that can parallel a publike dammage That advices came of the enemies approaching That the command might bee

framing common-wealths which they have ready framed in their minds and goe about actually to set them up Part is and part will be seen I hold France to be no Monarchie it is halfe a Common-wealth if not all it will be it is no matter though Hereticks possesse no Cities there Walls make not the forme of a state but lawes which on the one part grant them liberty of conscience and perswade it their bodies on the other If it be said they are dispersed it is so much the worse they worke the more and lie closer hidden a fault not common to great and small things but peculiar to spacious Kingdomes in which great evills are nourished they lie hidden and are not knowne untill they be past remedie So bodies of strong complexions beare great defects and when they can no longer beare them they cannot cure them having employed all their strength not in correcting but entertaining them being entertained they grow growen they overflow and not corrected they kill Evills that they may not grow must be hindered and good things that they may not decrease need help Mixed together if the one be not assisted and the other hindered they unite in a body so corrupt that it admits no cure neither of steele nor fire I would be deceived But I feare it because I have not bin deceived in foreseeing the like cases whosoever hath seene my writings some few yeares since knoweth it This is not boasting but zeale not to gaine glory but credit with them to whom it may doe good if I gaine it I take on my course having digressed for others sakes that they may get out of laberinths Don Antonio Ochendo finding himselfe forced to fight came out of the harbour One and twenty of his ships followed him the rest I know not the cause peradventure they were out of order but staying behind at last ran on ground most of them There began a cruell fight and though the enemy had a great advantage having one hundred and fourteen ships to one and twenty yet the Hollander continually shunned the aboard The Admiralls ship wherein were the Generall Ochendo and Michael d'Orno Admirall was encompassed with a multitude of ships and so was the Teresia commanded by Generall Don Lope de Ozes But they all fought generously The enemy plied them with Ordnance to sinke them and with fire ships to burne them they had their purpose in the Teresia which irrecoverably perished in flames with so much Ordnance so many men and which is most of all with so great a Noble man Ochendo though he much endeavoured to come at it could not rescue it They fought fiercely for many hours Night parted them leaving six ships in the enemies hands and they having lost above twenty Don Antonio was comming for the coast of Spaine but the wind turning he was forced to put into the Haven of Mardick onely with the Admirall of Dunkirk and seven other ships the fight and tempest having severed him from the rest This was th' event the Kings Fleet had Which having set saile to drive away the French from the coast of Spaine and to carry reliefe into Flanders performed both And fighting with such disadvantage wonne more then it lost Victories being not measured by the losses in a mighty Monarch who wants no mony But onely by the glory which consists in obtaining his end and the meanes of obtaining it In Italy the most Christian Kings Officers under the name of the Dutchesse of Savoy propounded a Truce making the world believe they did it to please the Princesses womanish humours that she might not goe live in France nor give over commanding in Italie Their ends were because they would not seeme to grow weake nor breed any suspicion thinking under colour of her to cover their designes and salve their reputations But all was perceived and knowne and the French themselves could not conceale it no mans breast being vast enough to hide such a great desire They sought to better the businesse by propounding a Peace in Italie and make it the easier by propounding a generall one They asked whither the Kings Officers had any authoritie to treat of it and being answered yea they asked time untill they might send for the like and did all things with indirect various doubtfull and confused meanes so that they caused every one to imagine they meant to deceive The Marquis of Leganes called a Councell of the chiefe Commanders to discusse the businesse and found them almost all for a Truce They alleaged that Truces were alwaies profitable to them who were in possession and especially for such as were in danger of losing That his Majesties Army diminished and would daily grow lesser even to such a proportion that it would scarce beare the name of an Army That those Souldiers which had escaped the Sword and sicknesse were so tired with continuall lying in the field and weakened with continuall sufferings that they were not able to labour any longer That fodder began to grow very scarce and it might be imagined within a while it would quite faile And if they should be forced to a retreat how should they doe it between two Rivers without losing themselves That hope of Supplies diminished every day there being warres in all places so that they were onely to reckon upon those they had there which were few and unserviceable That the enemy superiour in strength with daily supplies comming out of France found himselfe numerous in fresh Souldiers who were able to endure hardnesse having yet endured none Provision they had more then enough having so much land behind them The attempting any thing against him was impossible to defend every thing from him difficult hindering him from relieving the Cittadel of Turin past hope to set against him openly a madnesse The enterprise would bee made everlasting and impossible and not without danger of losing the City in steed of taking the Cittadell if so be the enemy more numerous and better fortified should go about to assault it That he wanted not recruits there comming every day fresh to him out of France and expecting greater daily The Truce would give time to fortifie our selves within Turin against the Cittadell which being a great Worke could not be done in few daies and with a few folke that our men being once secured we might thinke upon the besieging of it In the meane time our Souldiers might recover their health and refresh themselves The French would waste and his heat of sighting being abated by the Truce he would leave his Colours and returne into France as hee used to doe And in case he should goe into Burgundie he might be followed There was no need to feare making a Truce much to refuse it Our Army not to be in state of gaining any thing in so small a time and yet that little was sufficient to secure that which was gotten That ceasing from hostility did usually give way to discourses and discourses to