then the Prince Of which thinges it is most manifest that God hath laid the whole burthen of earthly gouernment vpon these two Iurisdictions of the Ciuill authoritie and Priesthood as the two diuine Arches vpon the which the policie of the world is sustained they are as the two Poles which fixe the Axletree of the coelestiall Spheres directly looking one vpon the other which two if they should neuer so little incline to obliquitie fall to iarre or presse to draw the one the other it were to disturbe and endanger the whole frame of the world which is carryed vpon their conjunction euen so the variance of the Temporall and Spirituall Magistrate is to cut the Axletree whereupon as on a mighty Atlas the Sphere of Christian gouernment doth relye And this farre I adde In the beginning all the Patriarks had the Priesthood coupled with their Kingly office euen from the day of Adam And in after-times whensoeuer any constraint or corruption of time bred a necessitie to confound them in one person it hath euer beene so that the ciuill authoritie did carry the Priesthood which coniunction we finde to haue beene twice in the person of one first in Moses who was so farre preferred to Aaron or to his particular office that God said Aaron shall speake for thee those words which thou shalt put into his mouth and thou shalt bee as his God And thereafter againe by reason of corruption in latter times God did suffer the Princes of the Machabes and Almonei to possesse the Priesthood also as Simon Ioannes Alexander Hircanus and Aristobulus of whom some are witnessed in the Booke of Machabes to haue beene rare and excellent men as Simon Onia of whom it is said Erat tanquam astrum matutinum inter nubes tanquam Solrefulgens intemplo altissimi He was like the day Starre among the cloudes and as a shining Sunne in the Temple of the most High Which confusion of seuerall powers our Sauiour againe in his time did cleerely distinguish commaunding to giue to God that which was his and to Caesar that which was due to him after which Christian Princes Prelates did long liue euery one contented to attend their owne function Prelates to pray for Princes to teach their people and watch ouer their soules Princes againe to nourish them to protect the Church and minister Iustice vntill the poles of this gouernment beganne to shake through vanitie of the Priesthood striuing so much to inuade the Temporall puissance and to confound the two functions in their owne persone whereof I will relate what hath beene the iudgement and practise of the Fathers of most simple and vnsuspected antiquitie of the primitiue Church Saint Ambrose saith of these two Iurisdictions that the one doth assist the other mutually Saint Augustine saith the same in his Epistleto Macedonius Boniface in his Letter to the Emperour Honorius saith it were too great burthen for the Church to ouerwatch spirituall things if she were tyed to any temporall care Saint Cyprian in his Epistle saith to inuolue the Church in worldly affayres were to estrange her from God Saint Iohn Chrysost. as also Augustine against the Manichees do affirme there is no power but from God eyther that hee doth establish it or permit it for the execution of his will in mercy or in iustice for the which reasons say they a Christian subiect may serue vnder the commandement of an Infidell or sacriledgious King and as the iniquitie of the commandement doth render the Prince culpable so doeth the band of obedience keepe the subiect innocent All Antiquitie doth conclude with Saint Augustine in the Citie of God thus God onely doth ordinate Kings after his secret pleasure good or bad according to our merits or demerits therefore saith hee it is our part onely to obey vnlesse we will repine against God for saith he the great God who gaue Empire to the Assyrians and Persians hee granted it vnto the Romanes when he pleased and as great as he pleased hee raysed the power of Marius hee yeelded authoritie to Caesar to Augustus yea to Nero to Vespasian and to his gracious sonne Titus and to his tyrannous brother Domitian And finally saith this holy Father he who placed into the Empire the most Christian Constantine hee did also honour with the same power the filthy Apostat Iulian and howsoeuer the causes of this proceeding in God be hidden and mysticall saith he yet they are vndoubtedly iust and holy This is the doctrine of Antiquitie whereupon the Primitiue Church did in euery thing of exterior gouernment depend vpon the temporall Soueraintie whether in ciuill or criminall cases if any man did inuade Ecclesiasticall patrimony or goods they did remit it to the imperiall Iudicatorie if any man did offer violence or kill a Bishop they did the same as Augustine testifies vpon the Epistle to the Romanes these and such like bee the Precepts which are left to vs from Antiquitie for Christian policie or gouernment The practise of the Primitiue Church hath bene agreeable to this doctrine for in their gouernement wee doe obserue three things which haue beene inuiolably kept of them First not onely did the Church serue and obey Pagans Tyrants and abominable monsters in the Empire who refused her for their mother who did afflict and persecute her but she did make ordinary prayers to God for their happinesse so farre that as Tertullian writeth diuers Ethnickes did ascribe it as a peculiar glory to Primitiue Christians that their exercise was to pray for their enemies shewing how farre Christian profession doth surmount the doctrine of Philosophie Secondly where the Emperors begun to range themselues vnder the holy ensignes of the Church becomming her Alumni and children she did obey vnto the most cruell hereticks as to Constantius Valens and others and to the greatest Apostates and mockers of Christianity as vnto Iulian notwithstanding of whose bloodie persecutions she neuer left her obedience as the Records of her ancient Counsels beare witnesse wherein any man may reade the processe of the Councell of Arimini that worthie Bishop Melitus the light of Asia in his time did write vnto the Emperour Antonius those words according to a true version Ye haue sent saith he such rigorous edicts against vs for tormenting of vs vnto death thinking thereby to extinguish the name of Christians we know not if these haue proceeded from your owne will which if it be in that case we shall obey you for nothing can come from you but good but wee doe most humbly beseech you to consider that their are many Calumniators about your person that seeke how to destroy vs that they may possesse our goods In the Histories of France and Spaine we read that the Church did carrie the same reuerence vnto a great number of Princes Visigotti Arians heretickes yea and which should more moue vs the Popes themselues who haue possessed the seate of Rome haue left vnto their successors notable examples of
they did more surely schoole the sonne of that Emperour Phillip the second and this Phillip now of Spaine whom they haue really incorporate into the seate of Rome making him to thinke that he is perpetuall Dictator as is said and the Popes onely sonne and heire And because all this discourse is of experience I will tell your Lordship how this was very quickely noted to me by a certaine entercourse which did happen to me Being at Millaine in Lombardie I did behold vpon the Gates of that Citie the Armes of Charlequint gloriously planted with many stately inscriptions among the which this was to be read Ad plantandam fidem ad colligenda Regna dispersa à Deo destinatus Destinate by God for the plantation of the faith and for the vnion of dispersed Kingdomes of the world when I did obiect to one of my acquaintance of good vnderstanding that Destinatus ad plantandam fidem was rather a title Apostolicall then Imperiall Hee replyed to me that it was Apostolicall for said hee that Trinitie of the Godhead which is in heauen of Father Sonne and holy Ghost hath deputed here below another Trinitie for earthly gouernment vnder whose obedience all power must bee ranged the Pope the Father the King of Spaine the Sonne and the Societie of the Iesuites the holy Ghost so that the Inscription is thus to bee construed said hee The Iesuite who takes vpon him to bee the onely Plantator of the faith being as the holy Ghost of this Trinity sent forth among stranger Princes to seduce their people to rebellion by sowing into their hearts the seedes of superstition and sedition which so soone as that Prince or King doth offer to punish the Pope who hath the place of the Father he doth excommunicate him and lastly giue commission to the King of Spaine to inuade his Dominions who hath the place of his onely Sonne and heyre who only of all Princes doth vnderstand the right Cabbal of the Court of Rome and is onely destined to execute that which is appoynted in the Councell of his Father so that hee also is Apostolicall saide this Gentleman who was a Frenchman and a true enemie to the Spaniard as may be seene by this ingenious and pretty conceit Thus it is no more a mysterie but reuealed to all the world which way the ambition of this Beast doth tend first debarring from the benefit of generall Councels Lutherans of whom some were cruelly burnt against their safe conduct and publike faith of the world secondly debarring Protestants which ought not to bee because they haue still called for reformation thirdly debarring the Catholike Romane Clergie it selfe giuing out for doctrine that the Pope is aboue all generall Councels which is done so impudently that the Cardinalls Barronio and Bellarmino haue not beene ashamed to condemne that great Panormitan Bishop because from this text Omnis anima subdita sit Superioribus potestatibus he prooueth the Pope to bee subiect to generall Councells and finally not onely spoyling Christian Princes their powers to conuocate Councells debarring them also but vsurping ouer their authorities temporall and inuading their States and liues I haue detained your Lordship so long vpon this point of the Papall Soueraignity and of the Iesuiticall trade quia plurimi interest because it concernes your Lordship you I say and all those who be of your profession chieflie who be of your Lordships Noble rancke it concernes you neerely to bee well informed heere this is the very place of danger it is the insatiable mouth of the deuouring Monster of our Age it is the gulfe which hath swallowed puissant Kings and flourishing Kingdomes This venemous doctrine is like vnto that Lady of whom Tacitus writeth called Locusta whose singular skill to temper Poyson so that when it was most deadly it wrought most vnperceiuedly made her to bee called Maximum instrumentum imperij A great and necessary Instrument of the Empire and much made of vnder Nero. This doctrine doth attrappe and snare the liues of greatest Monarkes before they can be aware It is a drinke of some new Cyrce changing men into brutall Beasts that they haue no more sense of humanitie or respect what shall say to themselues their wiues and children no that is small but not to their sacred Princes nor to our common Mother their Natiue Countreye not caring to cast into the mouth of this Monster millions of innocent soules nor making no account to sprinckle the Altars of their Cyrce with the annoynted bloud of their Soueraigne Kings yea before she should want her nefand and barbarous sacrifice they will offer vnto her the bloud of their owne hearts let vs remember Clement Rauiliacke Persie and his wretched complices So pittifully are they enchaunted with constant and desperate madnesse We must be afraid of the Iesuite and of his potion he will tell vs that constancie in faith is able to ouercome all things as it is indeed when it is inspyred by the good Spirit of God but alas he will tell vs that constancy to prosecute great actions or enterprises is like to an hecticke feuer which scarcely is felt at the first assault but by continuance it ouerthroweth the strongest bodies He will tell vs that oftentimes God doth compassion their teares shed for their brethren Martyred vnder tyrannous hereticall Kings euen by stirring vp within their Courts and Cabinets a Brutus an Aeod inspired with courage and constancy to reuenge his owne cause God of his mercy preserue Christian Princes from these brutish spirits That Brutus is a dangerous fellow be where he will wee read of Brutus that he did glory in the murther of Caesar in these termes Non solum non Caesari sed ne patri quidē meo si reuiuiscat concesserim ego totius orbis terrarū liberator vt me patiente plus legibus ac Senato possit I the deliuerer of the whole world would not on onely not suffer Caesar but not my owne Father to doe these things yet this was but a cause of state and he was onely an hereticke in policie if he then would haue murthered his Father as he did in effect for he was thought the naturall sonne of Caesar albeit not lawfull what shall we then looke for from these brutish beastes of our age who haue a cause of conscience and an errour in their soule which once being infected with that diuelish pride to be called deliuering Aeods of Gods people what is so hainous that they will not perpetrat Brutus was much beloued and bound to Caesar yet that would not keepe vp his hand from impious paricide hee was among the first of his percussors that Cesar saide to him Tu etiam fili Brute This mentall reseruation of mens mindes this wicked equiuocation of their maners it maketh that complaint of Momus against Iupiter to seeme more iust now then euer before why hee did not make an open window into the breast of man that the deepe of his heart might be
authoritie doth make the highest iurisdiction which cannot be denyed when all the authorities on earth are conioyned there can be nothing aboue that So we reade that Constantius did determine the processe of Saint Athanasius as his father Constantine had designed to doe before for he sent his will touching it vnto the Bishops assembled in the counsell of Tyre with the gouernour Archilaus who did sit and preside in the counsell yet in the ende the Empreour would needes banish that good father into Trâ—…ues After that againe Honoratus the gouernour with some other senatours assisted the counsell conueened in the cause of Aetius and in the counsell of Calcedon the Senatours brought thither by Ualentinian the third and Marcian did coniunctlie with the fathers iudge a great number of Bishops whose requests presented to the Empreour for that effect are yet to be read in the histories and if any man will say that these were but priuate Bishopes who were censured of the Emperours let him remember that Constantius did iudge and condemne to exile Pope Liberius at least he gaue Commission to do the same vnto Bishop Ursatius that Sextus the third did vnderly a criminall iudgement of Valentinian the third assisted with numbers of Ciuill Magistrates fortie eight Priests sixe Deacons That Iustinian made the processe of Pope Siluerius and banished him and of his successor Pope Vigilius accused of treason that Theodoricke King of Gothes did erercise the same iustice against Pope Symmachus assembling a Counsell where the whole Bishops did remit themselues vnto the wisedome of the Emperour And Gregorie the great behooued he not to purge himselfe to Mauricius the Emperor of a disorder fallen out at Rome and of the death of Bishop Malcus did he not in his ordinary letters to the Emperours stile them his Signiors and Masters how like to that is it that Rome is now become Naufragium Principum the rocke vpon the which Kings make shipwracke and the bloodie stage whereupon they act their Tragedies And this touching the forme of Ecclesiasticall iudicatorie in the Primatiue Church As for the power of Conuocation that it was granted to Princes as Soueraigns in the exterior policie of the Church it is as manifest we haue the testimonie of Ruffinus vpon the first Counsell of Nice hee saith it was assembled by Constantine the great with the aduise of the Fathers And Eusebius in the life of this Emperour for calling of this Counsell he doth not so much as mention any letter of the Pope Siluester solliciting the same contenting himselfe to say this Counsell was assembled by the honourable letters of the Emperour as a puissant armie of Christ Iesus in the which he did praeside glorying to call himselfe a common Bishop among them As for the Counsell of Laâ—…dicea Sard Selâ—… Arimini Millane and Rome which were not vniuersall Socrates and Sozemen doe testifie that they were conuocate by the onely commaundement of the Emperour Constant hereticke Arrian the same Authors beare witnesse that the second Counsell of Constantinople generall was assembled by the authoritie of Theodose the great and that of Ephesus by Theodose the yonger and that of Calcedon consisting of 630. Fathers by Valentinian the third and Martian of the fift Counsell was not the honour due to Iustinian and of the sixt to Constantine Wherein were excommunicate Pope Honorio Theodore Bishop of Phare Syrus Bishop of Alexandria heretickes monothelites these two preceeding Counsels are onely comprehended in one called Quinta Sexta Synodus because their decrees were not ample and seuerally particularised Alwayes we reade that the Emperour Constantine sent his letters to Pope Donus requiring him to direct his Legates vnto this Counsell and after his death Pope Agathâ—… his successor when he sent to haue the confirmation of his pontificat from him hee promised that his Legate should come to that Counsell conuocate by the Emperour As for the sixt Counsell Oecumenicke holden at Constantinople in Trullo was it not assembled by Iustinian the second The seuenth concerning the impugnation of images was conuocate by the authoritie of Constantine the sonne of Irene and so foorth through all the rest vntill the Empire became feeble and dismembred which power those Emperours did so absolutely keepe and vse ouer the externall policie of the Church that Theodose the great had once intended to conuocate an vniuersall Counsell of all nations and all sects of Religion to purge the Church from all sorts of schismes and heresies And this is the reason why Socrates in the entrie of the fift booke of his Historie saith he is constrained to introduce the Emperors because after their being Christians they did conuocate the generall Counsels and carrie the sway of Ecclesiasticall gouernement And this is the cause why Augustine in his ninth Epistle De correctione Donatistarum saith when it begun to be fulfilled which is written Et adorabunt eum omnes Reges Terrâ—… when Emperours and Kings became Christians then saith he what man can be so absurd as to say vnto Kings haue no rule of Gods Church within your kingdomes This it is which made Pope Leo to write to Leo Augustus wishing him deepely to consider that Royall power was not onely giuen to him Ad mundi Regimen sed praecipue ad Ecclesia not onely for the rule of the world but more of the Church as Isodâ—…re saith That whither the policie or peace of the Church bee diminished or aduanced vnder Princes they are to render count unto the Lord Qui ab ijs exiget rationem Ecclesiae sua quam corum potestati tradiderat who shall demaund from them an accompt of his Church which he hath committed to their power In Nouellis Constitutionibus 124. The truth thereof is so cleerely verified in the whole practise of this Primitiue Church that the Epistles Synodals of the first Counsell of Nice those holy Bishops did write them in this stile For as much say they as by the grace of God and by the commandement of the most sacred Emperour Constantine the great this holy Counsell hath beene assembled without any mention at all of Pope Siluester his letters the same tenor is obserued in the Synodall Epistle of the Counsell of Trullo where the Fathers did prayse Iustinian the second because he had assembled them foorth of diuers nations to the imitation of Christ who sought so carefully the straying sheepe in the mountaine This authoritie Temporall ouer the Church was exercised euen by Constantine the great himselfe who was the greatest zealator of the Church of any Emperour and who called them Gods in the Church so long as they did minister the Sacraments and holy things yet when he commeth after that to speake of the subiection and duetie of euery Bishop to him in that letter which he wrote for the assemblie of the Counsell of Tyre he saith that they should conueine vnder the paine of exile and that hee should teach all disobedient Bishops to know that they must liue vnder the
withdrawne and the mysteries and mercies of God the Father in his beloued appeare more cleerely and gloriously there bee no lesse cause of holy ioy nay vnspeakable and glorious 1. Pet. 1. 8. why should not this our ioy breake forth into the like manifestation and that the best manifesting and enhaunsing thereof is by musicke and that euen instrumentall the spirit of God beareth record as I haue noted And verily if the imployment of instruments in the Iudaicall Temple maketh them meerely ceremoniall and debarreth the Christian Church of all such vse of the like in that kinde why doth not the same reason banish also all vse of singing in our Churches because Dauid instituted singers for the Temple for as yet I could neuer heere any direct and sufficient proofe why the one should haue a morall and perpetuall vse and the other onely a ceremoniall signification Thirdly as for the time of grace if sacred musicke were onely a cloud and typicall shadow it should then haue vanished when the body came and the most glorious morning starre appeared But wee finde that euen this bright starre when it first began to appeare in the earthly Horizon chose for the blasing forth the beames of his maiesty aboueall creatures or meanes in heauen or earth a troup of inuisible yet audible Choristers who descending from the Temple of the celcstiall Ierusalem praised God and cheered vp man with a short Christmasse Caroll but of a most sweet and mysterious ditty which all Christians delight to heere still sounding in their eares and hearts nay the very Angells themselues desire to behold vnderstand The same our Sauior as he cōming into the world would be saluted with musicke so euen with that mouth whence dropped the like hony the words of grace and life he vouchsafed to honour that exercise in the end of his last supper hee and his Apostles went to Mount Oliue singing an Hymne Neither after this our bridegroome was taken away did the children of the bridechamber let fall their parts in spirituall songs but both practised and exhorted to the continuance of this enkindling of zeale and piety Ephes. 5. 19. Colos. 3. 16. An expresse iniunction for Psalmes Hymnes and spirituall Songs and making melody Which vse to haue continued in the primitiue Church not onely Tertullian and other ancient Christians but euen the Ethnicke Plinny in his Epistle to Traiane the Emperour doth testifie Christo cuidam Deo hymnos canentes antelucanes But heere may bee and indeed is obiected that hymnes and songs vsed by our Sauiour or his Apostles or continued in the primitiue Church were onely vocal and without all artificiall instrument Wherto that I may shape answere I doubt not euen granting that their melody was onely singing thence to inferre à pari a firm consequence for the addition of the other kind of musick to auouch without imputation of a Paradoxe that the modulating voyce of a man and of an instrument are in this respect eiusdem rationis For if one looke into the nature of sounds in their generall cause they are nothing but reuerberations of the aire in their forme and relation they are deductions or compositions of proportions in the distances or connexions of high and low flat and sharpe So that whatsoeuer the immediate matter and instrument be whether meerely naturall as the throat teeth and tongue or aritificially composed of pipes or strings with metall or wood the sound it selfe as it melodious or symphoniacall maketh no difference of obiect but carrieth the same representation to the eare and iudgement of the hearers To this purpose may I not vnfitly apply that elegant comparison which Theodoret maketh between the voice of a man and a paire of organs in the parts of each In man saith he the lungs are the bellowes which are mooued not with foot or hand but by the muscels af the brest the teeth and roofe of the mouth supply the place of the pipes the tongue by its nimble motion performeth the office of the Musicians hand for the distinguishing and articulating the sounds Thus in the viuacitie of his rhetorique he seemeth in this comparison to make the protasis or proposition in the artificial and the reddition in the naturall by making man a musicall instrument Then presently followes the same resemblance with the terms inuerted to the naturall order where hee plainely sheweth that art hath heerein imitated nature in Citeraes and such like instruments wherin the teeth are represented by the strings the lips by the frets the tongue by the quill the vnderstanding by the hand which mooueth and striketh or stoppeth high and low lowd and soft slow and quicke in diuerse formes The like comparison is also vsed by Gregory Nyssen in his learned Treatise De opificio hominis where he resembleth the vse and parts of the flute or fife to the instruments of speech in man Vpon which liuely and mutuall resemblances as Theodoret calleth man a liuing organe and the copy of artificiall organs so may I terme an organ a singing man made with the hand or rather a liuelesse though not breathlesse guide of many voicesand parts But heere it will bee replyd that all artificiall instruments made by man come farre short of this one made by God himselfe that none of those how elegant soeuer and cunningly handled can possibly make a sound properly articulate much lesse significant and therefore that they are to bee excluded out of the seruice of God whereto the vocall musique may bee admitted because significatiue and vnderstandable To this may answer be made first by acknowledging with Theodoret that man being the image of God in imitating his Creatonr can produce no higher workes then such as are but shadowes of the workes of God That nature is the modell after which art worketh and that art is but the image or resemblance of nature And therefore that all the most curious instruments in the world are not comparable with an humane voyce for suauity and liuely expressions neither is instrumentall musique to be opposed vnto or compared with vocall but added as an helper a wife or second or if you will an hand-mayd thereunto In which respect I doe not hold it to bee eiusdem gradus though in generall eiusdem rationis as belonging to the same army but to be ranged in an inferiour squadron a guest of the sacred feast but at a lower table Secondly as for want of signification I maintaine it that the sound and harmony of Instruments though it be not articulate yet it is significant in its owne kinde I meane and proper element by gentle steps and sweete inflexions working vpon the affections and expressely nay powerfully speaking to them euen perswading instructing nay commanding them and imprinting in them the characters of vertue and deuotion and containing the seedes of good motions in the inward seat of the minde by the outer part of the sences and passions Thirdly in vocall musique