cure Chiron excelled are Vlcers which may be knowne by their magnitude not much putride and consequently not sending forth any ill smell not eating not tormenting with paine but having their lips swollne and hard and therefore ill to bee healed For although they may bee sometimes cicatrized yet it being but slender may easily bee broken and the Vlcer renewed They are almost like an ulcerated Cancer but that they are accompanied with swelling in the adjacent parts they are also worse than these which are termed Cacoëthe that is ill natured or maligne whence it is that Fernelius thought they had a hidden cause of malignitie besides the common default of the humour and that such as can scarce bee driven away such commonly are left after the plague Wherefore Galen thinkes such to bee maligne as will not suppurate or yeeld any quitture CHAP. III. Of the prognosticks of Vlcers THe bone must necessarily scaill and hollow scarres be left by maligne Vlcers of a yeares continuance or longer and rebellious to medicines fitly applyed The bone must scaill by reason of the continuall affluxe and wearing by the acrimony of the humour which looses the composure and glue by which the parts thereof are joyned together But the scars must become hollow for that the bone whence all the flesh takes its first originall or some portion thereof being taken from under the flesh as the foundation thereof so much of the bulcke of the flesh must necessarily sinke downe as the magnitude of the portion of the wasted bone comes unto You may know that death is at hand when the Vlcers that arise in or before diseases are sudainly either livid or dryed or pale and withered For such drinesse sheweth the defect of nature which is not able to send the familiar and accustomed nutriment to the part ulcerated But the livid or pale colour is not onely an argument of the overabundance of choler and melancholy but also of the extinction of the native heate In Vlcers where tumors appeare the patients suffer no convulsions neither are franticke for the tumor being in the habite of the body possessed with an Vlcer argues that the nervous parts and their originall are free from the noxious humors But these tumors suddenly vanishing and without manifest cause as without application of a discussing medicine or bleeding those who have them on their backs have convulsions and distensions for that the spine of the backe is almost wholly nervous but such as have them on their fore parts become eyther franticke or have a sharpe paine of their side or pleurisie or else a dysentery if the tumors be reddish for the forepart of the body is replenished and overspread with many and large vessells into whose passages the morbificke matter being translated is presently carryed to these parts which are the seats of such diseases Soft and loose tumors in Vlcers are good for they shew a mildnesse and gentlenesse of the humors but crude and hard swellings are naught for all digestion in some measure resembles elixation Vlcers which are smooth and shining are ill for they shew that there resides an humour maligne by its acrimony which frets asunder the roots of the haires and depraves the naturall construction of the pores of the skin whence it is that such as are troubled with Quartaine agues the Leprosie or Lues venerea have their haire fall off A livid flesh is ill in Vlcers which cause a rottennesse or corruption of the bones lying under the flesh for it is an argument of the dying heare and corruption of the bone whence the flesh hath its originall and integrity These Vlcers which happen by occasion of any disease as a Dropsy are hard to be cured as also those whereinto a varix or swollne vessell continually casts in matter which a present distemper â—oments which have swollne hard and callous lips and such as are circular or round An Hypersarcosis or fleshy excrescence usually happens to Vlcers not diligently mundified and if they possesse the armes or Legs they cause a Phlegmon or some other tumor in the groines chiefly if the body bee full of ill humors as Avicen hath noted For these parts by reason of their rarity and weakenesse are fit and subject to defluxions Albucrasis writes that for nine causes Vlcers are difficultly replenished with flesh and cicatrized The first for want of blood in a bloodlesse body the second by reason of ill humors and the impurity of the blood the third by the unfit application of unconvenient medicines the fourth by reason of the sordidnesse of the Vlcer the fifth by the putrifaction of the soft and carionlike flesh encompassing the Vlcer the sixth when they take their originall from a common cause which every where â—ages with fury such as are those which are left by the pestilence the seaventh by reason of the callous hardnesse of the lips of the Vlcer The eighth when the heavens and aire are of such condition as ministers fuell to the continuance of the Vlcer as at Sarogoza in Aragon the ninth when the bones which lye under it are waisted by rottennesse An Vlcer that casts forth white smooth equall quitture and little or no stinking is easily healed for it argues the victory of the native heate and the integrity of the solid parts We terme that smooth quitture which is absolutely concocted neither yeelds any asperity to the touch whereby we might suspect that as yet any portion of the humor remaines crude we call that equall wherein you can note no diversity of parts and white not that which is perfectly so but that which is of an ash colour as Galen observes But it is ill if when the cure is indifferently forward a fluxe of blood suddainly breake forth in those Vlcers which beate strongly by reason of the great inflammation adjoyned therewith For as Hippocrates observes an effusion of blood happening upon a strong pulsation in Vlcers is evill for the blood breaking out of an Artery cannot be stayed but by force and also this blood is so furious by reason of the heate and inflammation the nourishers of this Vlcer that it breakes its receptacles and hence ensues the extinction of the native heate whence the defect of suppuration and a Gangreene ensues Now for that there flowes two sorts of excrements from maligne Vlcers the more thinne is tearmed Ichor or sanies but the more grosse is named sordes that is virulent and flowes from pricked nerves and the Periostia when they are evill affected but the other usually flowes from the Vlcers of the joynts and it is the worser if it be blacke reddish ash-coloured if muddy or unaequall like wine Lees if it stinke Sanies is like the water wherein flesh hath beene washed it argues the preternaturall heate of the part but when it is pale coloured it is said to shew the extinction of the heate CHAP. IIII. Of the generall cure of Vlcers AN
the warmness of the water and in the time of fomenting For too long fomenting resolves the blood that is drawne But that which is too little or short a space drawes little or nothing at all after the fomentation hot and emplastick medicines made of pitch turpentine euphorbium pellitory of Spaine sulphur and the like shall bee applyed They shall bee renued every day more often or seldome as the thing it selfe shall seeme to require These medicines are termed Dropaces whose forme is thus â„ž picis nigrae ammoniaci bdelii gummi elemi in aqua vitae dissolutorum an â„¥ ii olei laurini â„¥ i. pulveris piperis zinziberis granorum paradisi baccarum lauri et juniperi an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum secundum artem extendatur super alutam It is also good to binde about the opposite sound part with a ligature yet without pain as if the right arme shall decay for want of nourishment the left shall bee bound beginning your ligation at the hand and continuing it to the Arme-pit If this mischance shall seaze upon the right leg then the left shall be swathed up from the sole of the foote to the groine For thus a great portion of the bloud is forced back into the vena cava or hollow veine and from this being distended and over full into the part affected and gaping with the vessels almost empty besides also it is convenient to keepe the sound part in rest that so it may draw the lesse nourishment and by that meanes there will bee more store to refresh the weake part Some wish also to bind up the decaying member with moderate ligation for thus say they the bloud is drawne thither for when as wee intend to let blood by opening a veine with a lancet we bind the arme Also it is good to dip it into water somewhat more than warme and hold it there untill it grow red and swell for thus bloud is drawne into the veines as they find which use to draw blood of the saphena and salvatella Now if when as these things and the like bee done the lame part grow hot red and swollen then know that health is to be hoped for but if the contrary happen the case is desperate wherefore you need attempt nothing further Furthermore there is sometimes hardnesse left in the joints after fractures and dislocations are restored It is fit to soften this by resolving the conteined humor by fomentations liniments cataplasmes emplasters made of the roots of Marsh-mallowes briony lillies line seed fenugreek seed and the like and also of gums dissolved in strong vineger as Ammoniacum bdelium opopanax labdanum sagapenum styrax liquida and Adeps anserinus gallinaceus humanus oleum liliorum and the like Also you must wish the patient to move the part ever now and then every day yet so that it be not painefull to him that so the pent up humour may grow hot bee attenuated and at length discussed and lastly the part it selfe restored as farre as art can perform it for oft times it cannot be helped any thing at all For if the member be weake and lame by reason that the fracture happened neere the joint for the residue of his life the motion thereof useth to bee painefull and difficult and oft times none at all especially if the Callus which grows there be somewhat thick and great and lastly if the joint it selfe shall bee contused and broken by the stroake as it oft-times happens in wounds made by Gun-shot The End of the sixteenth Booke OF DIVERS OTHER PRETER NATURALL AFFECTS WHOSE CURE IS COMMONLY PERFORMED BY SURGERY THE SEVENTEENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of an Alopecia or the falling away of the haires of the head AN Alopecia is the falling away of the haire of the head and sometimes also of the eye-browes chin and other parts the French commonly call it the Pelade Phisicians terme it the Alopecia for that old Foxes subject by reason of their age to have the scab are troubled oft times with this disease This affect is caused either through defect of nourishment fit to nourish the haires as in old age through want of the radicall humidity or by the corruption of the alimentary matter of the same as after long fevers in the Lues venerea leprosie the corruption of the whole hody and all the humours whence followeth a corruption of the vapours and fuliginous excrements or else by the vitious constitution of the pores in the skin in rarity and constriction or density as by the too much use of hot oyntments made for colouring the hair or such as are used to take off haire therefore called Depilatoria or by the burning of the skin or losse thereof having a scarre in stead thereof by reason of whose density the haire cannot spring out as by too much laxity the fuliginous matter of the haire stayes not but presenly vanisheth away The Alopecia which comes by old age a consumption burne baldnesse leprosie and a scald head is uncurable that which admits of cure the cause being taken away is helped Wherefore if it proceed from the corruption of humours let a Phisician bee called who as hee shall thinke it fit shall appoint diet purging and phlebotomie Then the Surgeon shall shave off that haire which is remaining and shall first use resolving fomentations apply Leaches and Horns to digest the vicious humour which is under the skin then shall he wash the head to take away the filth with a lye wherein the roots of Orris and Aloes have been boyled Lastly hee shall use both attractive fomentations and medicines for to draw forth the humour which is become laudable in the whole body by the benefit of diet fitly appointed But if the Alopecia shall happen through defect of nourishment the part shall bee rubbed so long with a course linnen cloth or a figge leafe or onions untill it waxe red besides also the skin shall bee pricked in many places with a needle and then ointments applied made of Labdanum pigeons dung stavisager oile of bayes turpentine and waxe to draw the bloud and matter of the haires If the haire be lost by the Lues venerea the patient shall be annointed with quicksilver to sufficient salivation To conclude as the causes of this disease shall be so must the remdies be fitted which are used CHAP. II. Of the Tinea or scalde Head THE Tinea let me soterme it in Latine whilst a fitter word may be found or a scald head is a disease possessing the musculous skin of the head or the hairy scalpe and eating thereinto like a moth There are three differences thereof the first is called by Galen scaly or branlike for that whilst it is scratched it casts many branlike scales some Practitioners terme it a dry scall because of the great adustion of the humour causing it Another is called ficosa a fig-like scall because when it is dispoyled of the crust or
intestine which happeneth to women MAny women that have had great travell and straines in child-birth have the great intestine called of the Latines crassum intestinum or gut relaxed and slipped down which kind of affect happeneth much to children by reason of a phlegmaticke humour moistening the sphincter muscle of the fundament and the two others called levatores For the cure thereof first of all the gut called rectum intestinum or the straight gut is to be forented with a decoction of heating and resolving herbes as of sage rosemary lavander thyme and such like and then of astringent things as of roses myrtills the â—â—ds of pomegranats cypresse nuts galles with a little alome then it must be sprinkied with the pouder of things that are astringent without biting and last of all it is to be restored and gently thrust into its place That is supposed to bee an effectuall and singular remedy for this purpose which is made of twelve red snailes put into a put with â„¥ ss of alome and as much of salt and shaken up and down a long time for so at length when they are dead there will remaine an humour which must bee put upon cotton and applied to the gut that is fallen downe By the same cause that is in say of painefull childe-birth in some women there ariseth a great swelling in the navell for when the peritonaeum is relaxed or broken sometimes the Kall and sometimes the guts slippe out many times flatulencies come thither the cause as I now shewed is over great straining or stretching of the belly by a great burthen carried in the wombe and great travaile in childe-birth if the fallen downe guts make that tumour paine joyned together with that tumour doth vexe the patient and if it be pressed you may heare the noise of the guts going backe againe if it be the Kall then the tumour is soft and almost without pain neither can you heare any noise by compression if it be winde the tumour is loose and soft yet it is such as will yeeld to the pressing of the finger with some sound and will soone returne againe if the tumour be great it cannot be cured unlesse the peritonaeum bee cut as it is said in the cure of ruptures In the church-porches of Paris I have seene begger-women who by the falling downe of the guts have had such tumours as big as a bowle who notwithstanding could goe and doe all other things as if they had beene sound and in perfect health I think it was because the faeces or excrements by reason of the greatnesse of the tumor and the bignesse or widenesse of the intestines had a free passage in and out CHAP. LXVI Of the relaxation of the navell in children OFten times in children newly borne the navell swelleth as bigge as an egg because it hath not bin well cut or bound or because the whayish humours are flowed thither or because that part hath extended it selfe too much by crying by reason of the paines of the fretting of the childes guts many times the childe bringeth that tumour joined with an abscesse with him from his mother wombe but let not the Chirurgian assay to open that abscesse for if it be opened the guts come out through the incision as I have seene in many and especially in a child of my Lord Martigues for when Peter of the Rocke the Chirurgian opened an abscesse that was in it the bowels ranne out at the incision and the infant died and it wanted but little that the Gentlemen of my Lords retinue that were there had strangled the Chirurgian Therefore when John Gromontius the Carver desired me and requested mee of late that I would doe the like in his sonne I refused to doe it because it was in danger of its life by it already and in three daies after the abscesse broke and the bowells gushed out and the childe died CHAP. LXVII Of the paine that children have in breeding of teeth CHildren are greatly vexed with their teeth which cause great paine when they begin to break as it were out of their shell or sheath and begin to come forth the gummes being broken which for the most part happeneth about the seventh month of the childs age This pain commeth with itching and scratching of the gummes an inflammation fluxe of the belly whereof many times commeth a feaver falling of the hair a convulsion and at length death The cause of the paine is the solution of the continuity of the gummes by the comming forth of the teeth The signes of that pain is an unaccustomed burning or heat of the childes mouth which may bee perceived by the nurse that giveth it sucke a swelling of the gummes and cheekes and the childes being more wayward and crying than it was wont and it will put its fingers to its mouth and it will rubbe them on its gummes as though it were about to scratch and it slavereth much That the Physitian may remedy this hee must cure the nurse as if she had the feaver and shee must not suffer the childe to sucke so often but make him coole and moist when hee thirsteth by giving him at certaine times syrupus alexandrinus syrup de limonibus or the syrupe of pomegranats with boiled water yet the childe must not hold those things that are actually cold long in his mouth for such by binding the gums doe in some sort stay the teeth that are newly comming forth but things that lenifie and mollifie are rather to bee used that is to say such things as doe by little and little relaxe the loose flesh of the gummes and also asswage the paine Therefore the nurse shall often times rubbe the childs gummes with her fingers anointed or besmeared with oyle of sweet almonds fresh butter hony sugar mucilage of the seeds of psilium or of the seeds of marsh mallowes extracted in the water of pellitory of the wall Some thinke that the braine of a hare or of a sucking pig rosted or sodden through a secret property are effectuall for the same and on the outside shall be applied a cataplasme of barly meale milke oyle of roses and the yelkes of egges Also a sticke of liquorice shaven and bruised and anointed with hony or any of the forenamed syrupes and often rubbed in the mouth or on the gummes is likewise profitable so is also any toy for the childe to play withall wherein a wolves tooth is set for this by scratching doth asswage the painfull itching and rarifie the gummes and in some weareth them that the teeth appeare the sooner But many times it happeneth that all these and such like medicines profit nothing at all by reason of the contumacy of the gums by hardnesse or the weaknesse of the childes nature therefore in such a cause before the forenamed mortall accidents come I would perswade the Chirurgian to open the gummes in such places as the teeth bunch out
The signes The prognostications 〈◊〉 history Remedies for the ascension of the wombe For the falling downe of the wombe properly so called A discussing hearing fomentation How vomiting is profitable to the falling down of the wombe The cutting away of the womb when it is patrefyed Lib. 6. Epist 3â— lib. 2. Epist 〈…〉 â—ract de mirand morbor caus A history Antimonium taken in a potion doth cause the wombe to fall downe The signes of the substance of the wombe drawne out Whether there be a membrane called Hymen A history Lib. 11. cap. 16. Lib. 3. sent 21. fract 1. cap. 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of midwives about the membrane called Hymen What virgins at the first time of copulation doe not bleed at their privie parts Lib. 3. The filthy deâ—… of bauds harlots Lib. deprost demon cap. 38. What is the strangulation of the wombe Why the womb swelleth The accidents that come of the strangling of the wombe Why the strangulation that commeth of the corruption of the seed is more dangerous than that that comes of the corruption of the bloud The cause of the divers turning of the wombe into divers parts of the body The wombe is not so greatly moved by an accident but by it selfe Whereof come such divers accidents of strangulation of the wombe The cause of sleepiners in the strangulation of the wombe The cause of a drousie madnes A hisrie The ascention of the womb is to be distinguished from the stangulation The wombe it selfe doth not so well make the ascention as the vapour thereof Women living taken for dead How women that have the suffocation of the wombe live only by transpration without breathing How flies gnats and pismires do live all the winter without breathing A history The 〈…〉 when iâ—… of the suppossion 〈◊〉 the flowers Why the supprossion the 〈…〉 â—eri 〈◊〉 or deadly â—â—men The pulling the haire of the lower parts both for this malady and for the cause of the same A Pessary The matter of sweet fumigations By what power sweet fumigations do restore the womb unto its owne nature and place Stinking smels to be applied to the nostrils Avicens secret for suffocation of the wombe Castoreum drunken Expressions into the wombe The matter of pessaries A glyster scattering grosse vapours A quick certain a pleasant remedy for the suffocation of the wombe Tickling of the neck of the wombe The reason of the names of the monthly flux of women What women do conceive this flux not appearing at all What women have this menstruall flux often abundantly for a longer space than others What women have tâ—â— fluxe more seldome lesse and a far more shorrtime than others Why young women are purged in the new of the Moone Why old women are purged in the wane of the Moone The materiall cause of the monthly fluxe When the monthly flux begins to flow The final cause A woman exceeds a man in quantity of bloud A man execedeth a woman in the quality of his blood A man is more hot than a woman and therefore not menstruall The foolish endeavour of making the orifice of the wombe narrow is rewarded with the discommodity of stopping of the flowers What women are called viragines Lib. 6. epidem sect 7. The women that are called viragines are barren Why the strangâ—… or bloodinesse of the urine followeth the suppression of the flowers Histories of such as were purged of their menstruall flux by the nose and dugges To what women the suppression of the moneths is most grievous Why the veine called basilica in the arme must be opened before the vein saphena in the foot Horse-leeches to be applied to the neck of the wombe Plants that provoke the flowers Sweet things An apozeme to provoke the flowers What causes of the stopping of the flowers must be cured before the discase it selfe The fittest time to provoke the flowers Why hot houses do hurt those in whom the flowers are to be provoked What women â—…and what women due loath the act of generation when the moneths are stopped With what accidents those that are manageable and 〈◊〉 marâ—â—â— aâ—… troubled Aph. 36. sect 5. Lib. 2. de subt The efficient cause of the milke is to be noted By what pores the flowers due flow in a woman and in a maide The causes of an unteasionable flute of blood The criticall fluxe of the flowers The signes of blood dowing from the womb or necke of the wombe The institution or order of 〈◊〉 Purging An unguent An astringent injection Astringent pesâ—… The reason of the name The differences What women are apt to this fluxe Womens fluxe commeth very seldome of blood By what signes an ulcer in the wombe may be known from the white flowers How a womane fluxe is wholsome How it causeth diseases How it letteth the conception Why it is hard to be cured A history If the fluxâ— of a woman be red whâ—â—ein it difâ—erâ—th â—roâ— the â—…uall â—lux A womans flux is not suddenly to be stopped What baths are profitable An astringent â—njâ—â—tion The signes of a putrefyed ulcer in the wombe The virulent Gonorrhaea is like unto the duxe of women The differences of the hoemorrhoides of the necke of the wombe What an Acrochordon is What a thymus is St. Fiacrius figges What warts of the womb must be bound and so cut off Three sâ—opâ—â— of the cure of waâ—ts in the wombe An effectuall water to consume warts Unguents to consume warâ—â— What 〈◊〉 arâ— The 〈◊〉 What coâ—dylâ—matâ— arâ— The cure What the itch of the womb iâ— Thdifferences and signes An abscesse not to be opened A history The time of breeding of the teeth The cause of the paine in breeding teeth The signes The cure What power scratching of the gums hath to asswage the pain of them A history what a monste is What a prodigie is Lib. 4. cen anim cap. 4. Monste seldome loâ— lived Arist in problem 〈◊〉 3. 4. de gen anim cap. 4. Lib. 7. cap. 11. Cap. 3. The ninth book of the Polish history Lib. 4. de gen anim cap. 4. Lib. 4. de generanim cap. 5. Sect. 2. lib. 2. epidem The force of 〈◊〉 upon the body and humours Gen. chap. 30. That the straitnesse or littlenesse of the wombe may be the occassion 〈◊〉 monsters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cap. 64. There are sorcerers and how they come so to be What induceth them thereto Exod. cap. 22. Levit. cap. 19. Hebr. 1. 14. Galat. 3. 19. 〈◊〉 Thes 4. 16. John 13. Mar. 16. 34. The power of ev'll spirits over mankind The differences of devills The delusions of devills Their titles names What the devills in Mines doe Devills are spirits and from eternity The reason of the name Lib. 15. de civit Dei cap. 22. 23. A history Another An opinion confuted Averrois his history convict of falshood The illusions of the devills A history Our sins are the cause that the devils abuse us Lib. 2. de abdit caus cap. 16. Witches hurt
cold and troublesome condition But for extreme old age which extends to eightie or a hundred yeares it is so cold and drie that those which arrive at that decrepit age are troublesome harsh touchy froward crabby and often complaining untill at the length deprived of all their senses tongue feet and understanding they doting returne againe to childishnesse as from the staffe to the start And thus much of the Temperaments of ages But now in like manner we will explaine the temperatures of the seasons of the yeare which are foure the Spring Summer Autumne Winter The Spring continues almost from the twelth or thirteenth day of March to the midst of May Hippocrates seemeth to make it hot and moist which opinion seemeth not to have sprung from the thing it selfe but from an inveterate error of the ancient Philosophers who would fit the temperaments of the foure seasons of the yeare as answering in proportion to the temperatures of the foure ages For if the matter come to a just triall all men will say the Spring is temperate as that which is in the midst of the excesse of heate cold moisture and drinesse not onely by comparison because it is hotter than Summer and colder than Winter but because it hath that qualitie of its owne proper nature Wherefore it is said of Hippocrates The Spring is most holesome and least deadly if so be that it keepe its native temper from which if it decline or succeed a former untemperate season as Autumne or Winter it will give occasion to many diseases described by Hippocrates not that it breeds them but because it brings them to sight which before lay hid in the body Summer is comprehended in the space of almost foure moneths it is of a hot and drie temper a breeder of such diseases as proceed from choler because that humor at this time is heaped up in many bodies by adustion of bloud bred in the Spring but all such diseases doe speedily runne their course The beginning of Autumne is from the time the Sunne enters into Libra and endures the like space of time as the Spring But when it is dry it hath great inequalitie of heate and cold for the mornings and evening being very cold the noondayes on the contrary are exceeding hot Wherefore many diseases are in Autumne and then long and deadly especially if they incline to wards winter because all dayly and sodaine changes to heat and cold are dangerous The winter possesses the remnant of the yeare and is cold and moist it encreases naturall heat stirs up the appetite and augments Phlegme It encreases heat by Antiperistasis or contrariety of the encompassing aire which being then cold prohibites the breathing out of heate whereby it happens that the heat being driven in and hindered from dissipation is strengthened by couniting its forces But it augments Phlegme for that men are more greedy the Appetite being encreased by the strengthened heat from whence proceeds much crudity and a large store of diseases especially Chronicke or Long which spread and encrease rather in this winter season than in any other part of the yeare To this discourse of the temper of the seasons of the yeares is to be revoked the variety of tempers which happens very day which certainly is not to be neglected that there may be place of election especially if nothing urge For hither belongs that saying of Hippocrates When in the same day it is one while hot another cold Autumnall diseases are to be expected Therefore an Indication taken from hence is of great consequence to the judgement of diseases for if it agree with the disease the disease is made more contumacious and difficult to cure Whereupon the Patient and Phisition will have much trouble but if on the contrary it reclame and dissent the health of the Patient is sooner to be expected Neither is it a thing of lesse consequence to know the customes and habits of the places and Countries in which we live as also the inclination of the Heavens and temperature of the Aire but let vs leave these things to be considered by Naturall Philosophers that we may deliver our judgment of the temperaments of Humors blood as that which answers to the Aire in proportion is of a hot and moist nature or rather temperate as Galen testifies for saith he it is certaine and sure that the The blood is neither hot nor moist but temperate as in its first composure none of the 4 first qualities exceeds other by any manifest excesse as he repeats it upon the 39. sentence Phlegme as that which is of a waterish nature is cold and moist no other-wise than Choler being of a fiery temper is hot and dry But Melancholy affimulated to Earth is cold and dry This which we have spoken in generall of Phlegme and Melancholy is not alwayes true in every kind of the said humors For salte Phlegme is of a hot and dry temperature as also all kinds of Melancholy which have arose or sprung by adustion from the native and Alimentary as we will teach in the following Chapter Now the Temperaments of Medicins have not the same forme of judgment as those things which we have before spoken of as not from the Elementary quality which conquering in the contention and mixture obtaines the dominion but plainly from the effects which taken or applyed they imprint in a temperate body For so we pronounce those things hot cold moist or dry which produce the effects of Heate Coldnes Moisture or Drynes But we will defer the larger explication of these things to that place where we have peculiarly appointed to treat of Medicines where we will not simply enquire whether they be hot or cold but what degree of heate and cold or the like other quallity in which same place we will touch the temperature and all the Nature of tasts because the certainest judgment of medicines is drawne from their tasts Hitherto of Temperaments now we must speake of Humors whose use in Physicall speculation is no lesse than that of Temperaments CHAP. VI. Of Humors TO know the nature of Humors is a thing notonely necessary for Phisitions but also for Chirurgeons because there is no disease with matter which ariseth not from some one or the mixture of more Humors Which thing Hippocrates understanding writ every Creature to be either sicke or well according to the Condition of the Humors in the body And certainly all putride feavers proceed from the putrifaction of Humors Neither doe any acknowledge any other originall or distinction of the differences of Abscesses or Tumors neither do ulcerated brokē or otherwise wounded members hope for the restauration of continuity from other than from the sweet falling downe of humors to the wounded part Which is the cause that often in the cure of these affects the Phisitions are necessarily busied in tempering the Blood that is bringing to a mediocrity the 4
us cannot be wholy avoided or amended but some of the other may be avoided as a stroke and fall some not as those which necessarily enter into our body as Aire Meate Drinke and the like But if any will reckon up amongst the internall inherent and inevitable causes the daily nay hourely dissipation of the radicall moisture which the naturall heate continually preyes upon I doe not gaine say it no more than that division of causes celebrated and received of Philosophers divided into Materiall Formall Efficient and Finall for such a curious contemplation belongs not to a Chirurgion whom I onely intend plainely to instruct Wherefore that wee have written may suffice him CHAP. XX. Of a Disease A Disease is an affect against nature principally and by it selfe hurting and depraving the action of the part in which it resides The division of a Disease is threefold Distemperature ill Conformation and the Solution of Continuity Distemperature is a disease of the simular parts dissenting and changed from their proper and native temper That digression from the native temper happens two wayes either by a simple distemperature from the excesse of one qualitie and this is fourefold Hot Cold Moist and Drie or by a compound distemperature by the excesse of two qualities which also is fourefold Hot and Moist Hot and Drie Cold and Moist Cold and Drie Againe every distemper is the fault of one simple and single qualitie as an inflammation or hath some vicious humors joyned with it as a Phlegmon Againe a Distemperature is either equall as in a Sphacele or uneequall as in a Phlegmon beginning or increasing Ill Conformity is a fault of the organicall parts whose composure is thereby depraved This hath foure kindes the first is when the figure of the part is faultie either by nature or accident or some cavitie abolished as if a part which nature would have hollow for some certaine use doe grow or close up or lastly if they be rough or smooth otherwise than they should as if that part which should be rough be smooth or the contrary Another is in the magnitude of the part increased or diminished contrarie to nature The third is in the number of the parts increased or diminished as if a hand have but foure or else sixe fingers The fourth is in the site and mutuall connexion of the parts as if the parts which should be naturally united and continued bee pluckt asunder as happens in luxations or the contrary The third generall kinde of disease is the solution of continuitie a disease common both to the simular and organicall parts acquiring diversitie of names according to the varietie of the parts in which it resides CHAP. XXI Of a Symptome WE doe not in this place take the word Symptome in the most generall acceptation for every change or accident which happens to man besides his owne nature but more reservedly and specially onely for that change which the disease brings and which followes the disease as a shadow doth the body There be three kindes of a Symptome properly taken The first is when the action is hurt I say hurt because it is either abolished weakened or depraved so blindnesse is a deprivation or abolishing of the action of seeing dulnesse of sight is a diminution or weakening thereof and a suffusion such as happens at the beginning of a Cataract when they thinke flies haires and such like bodies flie too and fro before their eyes is a depravation of the sight The second is a simple affect of the body and a full fault of the habite thereof being changed happening by the mutation of some qualities such is the changing of the native colour into a red by a Phlegmon and into a livide and blacke by a Gangrene such is the filthy stench the nose affected with a Polypus sends forth the bitter taste in such as have the Iaundise and the rough and rugged skinne in them which are Leprous The third is the fault of the overmuch retention of excrements which should be expelled and expulsion of such as should be retained for the evacuation of an humor profitable both in quantitie and qualitie is against nature as bleeding in a body not full of ill humors nor Plethoricke and also the retention of things hurtfull in substance quantitie and qualitie as the Courses in women the urine and the stone in the bladder CHAP. XXII Of Indications THe knowledge and exercise of Indications befits that Chirurgion whom no blinde rashnesse of fortune but reason no chance but counsell directs in the undertaking and performing the workes of his Art For an Indication is a certaine safe and short way which leades the Physition as by the hand to the attainement of his purposed end of preserving the sound or curing the sicke For Galen doth define an Indication to be a certaine insinuation of what is to be done or a quick judicious apprehension of that which may profit or hurt And as Faulconers Mariners Plowmen Soldiers all manner of Artizans have their peculiar termes and words which are neither knowne nor used by the vulgar so this word Indication is proper and peculiar to Philisitions and Chirurgeons as a Terme of Arte not vulgar by consideration of which as by some signe or secret token they are admonished what is to be done to restore health or repell an imminent danger There are three prime and principall kinds of Indications every of which is subdivided into many other The first is from things naturall The second from these things which are termed not naturall The third from those things which are contrary to nature Things naturall shew they must be preserved by their like and in the compasse of these are contained all the Indications which are drawne from the nature of the Patient that is from his strength temper age sexe habit custome diet Things not naturall may be doubted as uncertaine for one while they indicate the same things with things naturall that is they coindicate with the strength temper and the rest otherwhiles they consent with things against nature that is they coindicate with the disease Wherfore Galen when he saith that Indications are drawn from three things The disease The nature of the Patient and the encompassing aire by proposing the familiar example of the aire hee would have us to understand the other things not naturall because wee may shun or embrace them more or lesse as we will our selves but we must whether we will or no endure the present state of the aire Therefore the aire indicates something to us or rather coindicates for if it nourish the disease as conspiring with it it will indicate the same that the disease that is that it must be preserved in the same state Things contrary to nature indicate they must be taken a way by their contraries Therefore that we may more accurately and fully handle all the Indications drawne from things
ends of the wedgebone in this forehead bone there is often found a great cavity under the upper part of the eye-browes filled with a glutinous grosse viscide and white matter or substance which is thought to helpe to elaborate the aire for the sense of smelling Chirurgions must take speciall notice of this cavity because when the head chances to be broken in that place it may happen that the fracture exceeds not the first table wherefore they being ignorant of this cavity and moved with a false perswasion that they see the braine they may thinke the bone wholy broken and to presse the Meninges whereupon they will dilate the wound apply a Trepan and other instruments to lift up the second table of the bone without any need at all and with the manifest danger of the life of the patient The third and fourth bones of the Skull are the Ossa parietalia or Bregmatis having the third place of density and thicknes although this density and thicknes be different in diverse places of them For on the upper part of the head or crowne where that substance turnes not to a bone in children untill they have all their teeth so that it feeles soft in touching and through it you may feele the beating of the braine these bones are very tender so that oft times they are no thicker than ones naile that so the moist and vapourous excrements of the braine shut up where the greater portion of the braine resides may have a freer passage by the Braines Diastole and Systole These two square bones are bounded above with the Sagittall suture below with the scaly on the forepart with the coronall and on the hinde part with the Lambdoides The fifth and sixth bone of the skull are the two Ossa petrosa stony or scaly bones which are next to the former in strength They are bounded with the false or bastard Suture and with part of the Lambdoides and wedgebone The seaventh is the Os sphenoides basilare or Cuneiforme that is the wedgebone It is called Basilare because it is as it were the Basis of the head To this the rest of the bones of the head are fitly fastened in their places This bone is bounded on each side with the bones of the forehead the stony bones and bones of the Nowle and pallate The figure represents a Batte and its processes her wings There is besides these another bone at the Basis of the forehead bone into which the mamillary processes end the Greekes call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Cribrosum and Spongiosum the Spongy bone because it hath many holes in it not perforated in a direct passage as in a sive but winding and anfractuous that the aire should not by the force of attraction presently leap or ascend into the braine and affect it with its qualityes before it be elaborated by its lingring in the way There are besides also sixe other little bones lying hid in the stony bones at the hole or Auditory passage on each side three that is to say the Ineus or Anvill the Malleolus or Hammer and the Stapes or stirrop because in their figure they represent these three things the use of these we will declare hereafter But also in some skuls there are found some divisions of bones as it were collected fragments to the bignesse almost of ones thumbe furnished and distinguished by their proper commissures or sutures which thing is very fit to be known to a Chyrurgion in the use of a Trepan Verily he may give a conjecture hereof whilest he separates the Pericranium from the skull for the pericranium is with greater difficulty pluckt away from the sutures because the Crassa meninx hath straiter connexion therewith by his nervous fibers sent forth in such places The Skuls in women are softer and thinner than in men and in children more than in women and in young men more then in men of a middle age Also the Aethiopians or Blackamoores as also all the people inhabiting to the South have their sculles more hard and composed with fewer sutures Therefore as it is written by Hippocrates such as have their Skulls the softer the Symptomes in fractures are more dangerous and to be feared in them But the skull by how much the softer it is by so much it more easily and readily yeilds to the perforating Trepan Moreover in some skuls there bee bunches standing out besides nature made either round or cornered which the Chirurgion must observe for two causes the first is for the better consideration of a blow or fracture For in these bunches or knots the solution of the continuity cannot be if it seeme to be stretched in length but that the wound must penetrate to the inner parts For in a round body there can be no long wound but it must be deepe by the weapon forced the deeper because as a round body touches a plaine but onely inpuncte in a prick or point so what-so-ever falls only lightly or superficially upon it onely touches a point thereof But on the contrary a long wound must be upon a plaine surface which may be but only superficiall Another cause is because such bunches change the figure and site of the Sutures And the Chirurgion must note that the skuls hath two tables in the midst whereof the Diploe is which is a spongy substance into which many veines and arteryes a certaine fleshynesse are inserted that the skull should not be so heavy and that it might have within it selfe provision for the life thereof and lastly that there might be freer passage out for the fuliginous vapours of the braine The upper table is thicker denser stronger and smoother than the lower For this as it is the slenderer so it is the more unequall that it may give place to the internall veines and arteryes which make a manifest impression into the second table on the inside thereof from which branches enter into the skull by the holes which containe the eyes Which thing fastens the Crassa meninx to the skull and is therefore very worthy to be observed For in great contusions when no fracture or fissure appeares in the skull by reason of the great concussion or shaking of the braine these vessels are often broken whence happens a flux of blood between the skull and membranes and lastly death But it is fit the Chirurgion take good heed to the tender and soft substance of the Diploe that when he comes to it having passed the first table he may carefully use his Trepan least by leaning too hard it run in too violently and hurt the membranes lying underneath it whence convulsion and death would follow To which danger I have found a remedy by the happy invention of a Trepan as I will hereafter more at large declare in handeling the wounds of the head CHAP. V. Of the Meninges that is the two membranes called Dura Mater and Pia Mater THe Crassa
flesh and cicatrized which doth not seldome happen in opening of Arteries unskilfully performed and negligently cured therefore Aneurismaes are absolutely made by the Anastomasis springing breaking Erosion and wounding of the Arteries These happen in all parts of the body but more frequently in the throat especially in women after a painfull travaile For when as they more strongly strive to hold their breath for the more powerfull expulsion of the birth it happens that the Artery is di ated and broken whence followes an effusion of bloud and spirits under the skin The signes are a swelling one while great another small with a pulsation and a colour not varying from the native constitution of the skinne It is a soft tumor and so yeelding to the impression of the fingers that if it peradventure be small it wholy vanisheth the Arterious bloud and spirits flying backe into the body of the Artery but presently assoone as you take your fingers away they returne againe with like celerity Some Aneurismaes doe not onely when they are pressed but also of themselves make a sensible hissing if you lay your eare neare to them by reason of the motion of the vitall spirit rushing with great violence through the straitnes of the passage Wherefore in Aneurismaes in which there is a great rupture of the Artery such a noyse is not heard because the spirit is carryed through a larger passage Great Aneâ—rismaes under the Arme pits in the Groines and in other parts wherein there are large vessells admit no cure because so great an eruption of blood and spirit often followes uppon such an incision that death prevents both art and Cure Which I observed a few yeares agoe in a certaine preist of Saint Andrewes of the Arches M. Iohn Maillet dwelling with the chiefe President Christopher de Thou Who having an Aneurisma at the setting on of the shoulder about the bignes of a Wall-nut I charged him hee should not let it be opened for if it did it would bring him into manifest danger of his life and that it would be more safe for him to breake the violence thereof with double clothes steeped in the juyce of Night-shade and Houselike with new and whayey cheese mixt therewith Or with Vnguentum de Bolo or Emplastrum contra rupturam and such other refrigerating and astringent medicines if hee would lay upon it a thin plate of Lead and would use shorter breeches that his doublet might serve to hold it too to which hee might fasten his breeches instead of a swathe and in the meane time he should eschew all things which attenuate and inflame the blood but especially he should keepe himselfe from all great straining of his voyce Although he had used this Diet for a yeare yet he could not so handle the matter but that the tumor increased which he observing goes to a Barber who supposing the tumor to be of the kinde of vulgar inpostumes applies to it in the Evening a Causticke causing an Eschar so to open it In the Morning such an abundance of blood flowed forth from the tumor being opened that he therewith astonished implores all possible ayde and bidds that I should be called to stay this his great bleeding and he repented that he had not followed my directions Wherefore I am called but when I was scarce over the thre should he gave up his ghost with his blood Wherefore I diligently admonish the young Chirurgion that hee do not rashly open Aneurismas unlesse they be small in anignoble part and not indued with large vessells but rather let him performe the cure after this manner Cut the skinne which lyes over it untill the Artery appeare and then separate it with your knife from the particles about it then thrust a blunt and crooked needle with a thred in it under it binde it then cut it off and so expect the falling off of the thred of it selfe whiles nature covers the orifices of the cut Artery with new flesh then the residue of the cure may be performed after the manner of simple wounds The Aneurismaes which happen in the internall parts are uncurable Such as frequently happen to those who have often had the unction and sweat for the cure of the French disease because the blood being so attenuated and heated therewith that it cannot be contayned in the receptacles of the Artery it distends it to that largenesse as to hold a mans fist Which I have observed in the dead body of a certaine Taylor who by an Aneurisma of the Arâ—erious veine suddenly whilest hee was playing at Tennis fell downe dead the vessell being broken his body being opened I found a great quantity of blood powred forth into the Capacity of the Chest but the body of the Artery was dilated to that largenesse I formerly mentioned and the inner Coate thereof was bony For which cause within a while after I shewed it to the great admiration of the beholders in the Physitions Schole whilest I publiquely dissected a body there the whilst he lived said he felt a beating and a great heate over all his body by the force of the pulsation of all the Arteryes by occasion whereof hee often swounded Doctor Syluius the Kings professor of Physicke at that time forbad him the use of Wine and wished him to vse boyled water for his drinke and Crudds and new Cheeses for his meate and to apply them in forme of Cataplasmes upon the grieved and swolne part At night he used a ptisan of Barley meale and Poppy-seedes and was purged now and then with a Clyster of refrigerating and emollient things or with Cassia alone by which medicines hee said hee found himselfe much better The cause of such a bony constitution of the Arteries by Aneurismaes is for that the hot and fervid blood first dilates the Coates of an Artery then breakes them which when it happens it then borrowes from the neighbouring bodies a fit matter to restore the loosed continuity thereof This matter whilest by litle and litle it is dried and hardened it degenerats into a Gristely or else a bony substance just by the force of the same materiall and efficient causes by which stones are generated in the reines and bladder For the more terrestriall portion of the blood is dried and condensed by the power of the unnaturall heat contayned in the part affected with an Aneurismae whereby it comes to passe that the substance added to the dilated and broken Artery is turned into a body of a bony consistence In which the singular providence of nature the handmaide of God is shewed as that which as it were by making and opposing a new wall or bancke would hinder and breake the violence of the raging blood swelling with the abundance of the vitall spirits unlesse any had rather to refer the cause of that hardnesse to the continuall application of refrigerating and astringent medicines Which have power to condensate and harden as may
a certaine violent impetuosity which on every side pressing and bending the loosenesse of the Peritonaeum yea verily adjoyning themselves to it in processe of time by a firme adhesion intercept the passage and falling downe of the Gut or Kall which may seeme no more abhorring from reason than that we behold the loadstone it selfe through the thicknesse of a table to draw iron after it any way The same Chirurgion affirmed that he frequently and happily used the following medicine Hee burnt into ashes in an Oven red Snailes shut up in an earthen pot and gave the powder of them to little children in pappe but to those which were bigger in broath But we must despaire of nothing in this disease for the cure may happily proceede in men of full growth as of fortie yeare old who have filled the three demensions of the body as this following relation testifies There was a certaine Priest in the Parish of Saint Andrewes called Iohn Mâ—ret whose office it was to sing an Epistle with a loud voice as often as the solemnitie of the day and the thing required Wherefore seeing he was troubled with the Enterocele he came to me requiring helpe saying he was troubled with a grievous paine especially then when he stretched his voice in the Epistle The Figure of a man broken on the side wearing a Trusse whose bolster must have three Tuberosities two on the upper and one on the lower part and there must be a hollownesse betweene them in the middest that they may not too straitly presse the sharchone and so cause paine The manner of such a Trusse I found out not long agoe and it seemed better and safer than the rest for to hinder the falling aowne of the Gut and Kall A. Shewes the shoulder band which is tied before and behinde to the girdle of the Trusse B. The Trusse C. The Cavitie left in the midst of the Tuberosities When I had seene the bignesse of the Enterocele I perswaded him to get another to serve in his place so having gotten leave of M. Curio Clearke and Deacon of Divinity he committed himselfe unto me I handled him according unto Art and commanded him he should never goe without a Trusse and he followed my directions When I met him some five or sixe yeares after I asked him how he did he answered very well for he was wholy freed from the disease with which he was formerly troubled which I could not perswade my selfe of before that I had found that hee had told mee the truth by the diligent observation of his genitals But some sixe moneths after he dying of a Pleurisie I came to Curio's house where hee died and desired leave to open his body that I might observe whether nature had done any thing at all in the passage through which the gut fell down I call God to witnesse that I found a certaine fatty substance about the processe of the Peritonaeum about the bignesse of a little egge and it did sticke so hard to that place that I could scarce pull it away without the rending of the neighbouring parts And this was the speedy cause of his cure But it is most worthy of observation and admiration that Nature but a little helped by Art healeth diseases which are thought incurable The chiefe of the cure consists in this that we firmerly stay the gut in its place after the same manner as these two Figures shew Another Figure of a man having a Rupture on both sides shewing by what meanes what kinde of Trusse and what shoulder-band he must be bound on each groine A. Sheweth the shoulder-band divided in the middest for the putting through of the head B. The Trusse with two bolsters betweene which is a hole for putting through the yard The forme of both bolsters ought to be the same with the former In the meane time we must not omit diet We must forbidde the use of all things which may either relaxe dilate or breake the processe of the Peritonaeum of which I have already treated sufficiently Sometimes but especially in old men the guts cannot be restored into their place by reason of the quantity of the excrements hardened in them In this case they must not be too violently forced but the Patient must be kept in his bed and lying with his head low and his knees higher up let the following Cataplasmes be applied â„ž rad alth lil ana â„¥ ij seminis lini foenug an â„¥ ss sol malva viol parietan m. ss Let them be boiled in faire water afterwards beaten and drawne through a searse adding thereto of new Butter without falt and oyle of Lillies as much as shall suffice Make a Cataplasme in the forme of a liquid pultis Let it be applied hot to the Codde and bottome of the belly by the helpe of this remedy when it had beene applied all night the guts have not seldome beene seene of themselves without the hand of a Chirurgion to have returned into their proper place The windinesse being resolved which hindered the going backe of the excrements into another gut whereby they might be evacuated and expelled But if the excrements will not goe backe thus the flatulencies yet resisting and undiscussed an emollient and carminative Clyster is to be admitted with a little Chymicall oyle of Turpentine Dill Iuniper or Fennill Clysters of Muscadine oyle of Wallnuts and Aqua vitae and a small quantitie of any the aforesaid oyles are good for the same purpose It often happens that the guts cannot yet be restored because the processe of the Peritonaeum is not wide enough For when the excrements are fallen downe with the gut into the codde they grow hard by little and little and encrease by the accesse of flatulencies caused by resolution which cause such a tumor as cannot be put up through that hole by which a little before it fell downe whereby it happens that by putrifaction of the matter there contained come inflammations and a new accesse of paine and lastly a vomitting and evacuation of the excrements by the mouth being hindered from the other passage of the fundament They vulgarly call this affect Miscrere mei That you may helpe this symptome you must rather assay extreame remedies than suffer the Patient to die by so filthy and loathsome a death And we must cure it by Chirurgery after this manner following We will binde the Patient lying on his backe upon a Table or Bench then presently make an incision in the upper pard of the codde not touching the substance of the guts then we must have a silver Cane or Pipe of the thicknesse of a Goose quill round and gibbous in one part thereof but somewhat hollowed in the other as is shewed by this following Figure The Figure of the Pipe or Cane We must put it into the place of the incision and put it under the production of the Peritonaeum being cut together with the codde all the
length of the production that so with a sharpe knife we may divide the processe of the Peritonaeum according to that cavity separated from the guts there contained by the benefit of the Cane in a right line not hurting the guts When you have made an indifferent incision the guts must gently be put up into the belly with your fingers and then so much of the cut Peritonaeum must be sowed up as shall seeme sufficient that by that passage made more straight nothing may fall into the Codde after it is cicatrized But if there be such abundance of excrements hardned either by the stay or heate of inflammation that that incision is not sufficient to force the excrements into their place the incision must be made longer your Cane being thrust up towards the belly so that it may be sufficient for the free regresse of the guts into the belly Then sow it up as is fit and the way will be shut up against the falling downe of the guts or kall the processe of the Peritonaeum being made more straight by reason of the future for the rest the wound shall be cured according to Art But before you undertake this worke consider diligenly whether the strength of the Patient be sufficient neither attempt any thing before you have foretold and declared the danger to the Patients friends CHAP. XVI Of the golden Ligature or the Punctus Aureus as they call it IF the Rupture will not be cured by all these meanes by reason of the great solution of the continuity of the relaxt or broken Peritonaeum and the Patient by the consent of his friends there present is ready to undergoe the danger in hope of recovery the cure shall be attempted by that which they call the Punctus Aureus or Golden tie For which purpose a Chirurgion which hath a skilfull and sure hand is to be imploied He shall make an incision about the share bone into which he shall thrust a Probe like to the Cane a little before described and thrust it long wayes under the processe of the Peritonaeum and by lifting it up separate it from the the adjoining fibrous and nervous bodies to which it adheres then presently draw aside the spermatique vessels with the Cremaster or hanging muscle of the testicle which being done he shall draw aside the processe it selfe alone by it selfe And he shall take as much thereof as is too lax with small and gentle mullets perforated in the middest and shall with a needle having five or sixe threeds thrust it through as neere as hee can to the spermaticke vessels and cremaster muscles But the needle also must be drawne againe into the middest of the remnant of the processe taking up with it the lipps of the wound then the threed must be tied on a strait knot and so much thereof must be left after the section as may be sufficient to hang out of the wound This threed will of it selfe be dissolved by little and little by putrefaction neither must it be drawne out before that nature shall regenerate and restore flesh into the place of the ligature otherwise all our labour shall be spent in vaine And lastly let the wound be clensed filled with fiesh and cicatrized whose callous hardnesse may withstand the falling of the gut or kall There are some Chirurgians who would performe this golden Ligature after anoothe manner They cut the skinne above the share-bone where the falling downe commonly is even to the processe of the Peritonaeum and they wrap once or twice about it being uncovered a small golden wyre and onely straiten the passage as much as may suffice to amend the loosenesse of this processe leaving the spermatique vessels at liberty Then they twist the ends of the wyre twice or thrice with small mullets and cut off the remnant thereof that which remaines after the cutting they turne in least with the sharpnesse it should prick the flesh growing upon it Then leaving the golden wyre there they cure the wound like to other simple wounds and they keepe the Patient some fifteene or twenty day in his bed with his knees some thing higher and his head some thing lower Many are healed by this meanes others have fallen againe into the disease by reason of the ill twisting of the wire A. Shewes a croked needle having an eye not farre from the point through which you may put the golden wyre B. B The golden wyre put through the eye of the needle C. The mullets or Pincers to cut away the wast or superfluous ends of the wyre D. The springe of the mullets E The mullets to twist the ends of the wyre together Another more easie and safe way to restore the Gut and Kall THeodoricke and Guido have invented another way of performing this operation They put backe into their places the Gut and Kall being fallen downe the Patient being so placed that his thighs are high and his head is somewhat low then they draw aside the lower portion of the production of the Peritonaeum and also the spermaticke vessels and cremaster muscle to the Ischium then by applying a causticke fitted to the age and disease they burne the other part of the processe directly perpendicular to the share-bone where the Gut did fall downe Then they pull off the eschar thus made with a knife even to the quicke then they apply another causticke in the same place which may go even to the bone then procure the falling of this Eschar made on the foresaid processe And afterwards they heale the ulcer which remaines which presently contracting somewhat a thicke Callus so keeps up the Guts and Kall that it bindes them from falling down into the Cod. This way of restoring the Gut and Kall though it be safer and more facile yet the Chirurgion must not attempt it if the Guts or Kall sticke so fast agglutinated to the processe of the Peritonaeum that they cannot be severed nor put backe into their places for from the guts so burnt and violated greater mischiefe would ensue if by the broken and too much dilated processe the bodies thereby restrained make an exceeding great tumor by their falling downe if the testicle yet lying in the groine as in a Bubonocele a kinde of Enterocele being not yet descended into the Scrotum or Codde if the Patients be not come to such age as they can keepe themselves from stirring or hold their excrements whiles the operation is performed CHAP. XVII Of the cure of other kinds of Ruptures EPiplocele is the falling downe of the Kall into the Groine or Codde it hath the same causes as an Enterocele The signes have beene explained It is not so dangerous nor infers a consequence of so many evill symptomes as the Enterocele doth yet the cure is the same with the other Hydrocele is a waterish tumor in the Codde which is gathered by little and little betweene the membranes encompassing the testicles especially the
Table of the differences of a fractured Scull The differences of fractures common to these of all other parts are drawne either from Their nature according to which fractures are cald Simple as when they are found solitary and by themselves Compound and that either Mutually with themselves as a contusion or collision with incision a fissure with an effracture Or with other symptomes as swelling paine heat bleeding convulsion and the like Their Quantity whence they are called great indifferent and small according to the triple dimension of length breadth and profunditie Their figure from whence they are called Right Oblique Transverse Round Triangular Their site whence they are termed on the fore or backe or the right or left or the upper or lower part or superficiary and profound The part whence it is called a Fracture of the Forehead Nowle Bregma and Stony bones and hence it is judged what may bee deadly or hopefull of recovery easie or difficult to cure CHAP. II. Of the causes and signes of a broken Scull THe causes of a broken Scull are externall as a fall a blow or stroake with any kind of weapon sharpe obtuse heavy hard the bitings of Beasts and many other things of the like kind But the signes by which we come to know that the Scull is broken are of two kinds for some of them are found out by the reasoning and discourse of the mind other by the sense as those which lay open the wound to the eye and hand The Rationall signes shew by these things which have happened upon the thing it selfe whether it be and of what sort it is For you may know the Scull is broken if the patient shall fall down with the stroake or if he shall fall headlong from a high place upon some hard thing If for some time after the stroake he shal lie without speaking sight and hearing if he shall have felt and feele much paine so that he is often forced to put his hand to the wound But also the weapon is to be considered that is whether it be heavy obtuse pricking or sharpe Also we must consider with what how great strength the stroake was given and with how great anger and from what distance the weapon fell Also he must consider whether the patient receaved the blow with his head unarmed and naked whether he fell into a sowne presently after the blow whether when he came to himselfe he was in his right senses whether his eies were blinded whether he was troubled with a giddines or dizines and whether he bled at the nose mouth eares or eyes and lastly whether he vomited For Hippocrates writes that those who have their braine cut must necessarily have a feaver and vomiting of choler to ensue thereupon which Galen confirming in his Commentary saith that the same happens also when the wound comes to the Membranes of the braine Also a dull sound as from a broken vessell comming from the skull the hairy sealpe and Pericranium being taken off and it being lightly smitten upon with an Iron probe is sayd to be a signe of a fracture thereof as it is recorded by Paulns Aegineta Truely all these signes make a great conjecture or rather assurednesse that the skull is wounded and the braine hurt as which cannot happen unlesse the bone be broken as Celsus hath written Yet many have had their sculles broken who had no such signe immediatly after the blow but this is very seldome But I doe not thinke fit amongst so many signes here to omit that which is set downe by Guido If any faith he will know in what place the scull is broke let the patient hold fast betweene his foreteenth one end of a lute string or thread and the Chirurgion hold the other in his hand then let him lightly touch or play upon the string with his fingers for in the very instant of the sound or stroke the patient will bee certainely admonished or perfectly perceive the part of the scull that is broken and as orecome and forest by this sence of paine will by lifting up his hand make demonstration thereof As yet I have not beeneable to finde the truth hereof by experience although I have made triall of it in many Wherefore I cannot say any thing certainely of this signe as neither of that which is mentioned by Hippocrates in Coais Pras In such as you doubt whether the bones of the scull be broken or not you must judge by giving them the stalke of Asphodill to chaw on both sides of their jawes but so that you bid them withall observe whether they perceive any bone to crackle or make a noyse in their heades for these which are broken seeme to make a noyse But passing over these things now let us come to these signes which may be obvious to our senses CHAP. III. Of the signes of a broken skull which are manifest to our sense THese signes are here sayd to be manifest to sense which when the bone is bared manifest the wound to our eyes fingers and probe But if the haires stand upon one end in the wound you may know the bone is broke because the haire which yeelds to the violence of the blow cannot be so cut the bone which resists the stroake being not violated as it is observed by Hippocrates wherefore we may by the sight of this one thing before any inspection of the wound it selfe suspect by a probable conjecture that the Scull is broken and perswade the beholders or standers by so much Moreover we may before we have cut the skinne acrosse or baid lare the bone give a guesse by our feeling whether the scull be broken or no if wee by pressing downe our fingers neere the wound shall perceive the bone either to stand up or be pressed downe otherwise than it should naturally be The skinne being cut crossewise and the bone laid bare if the fracture be not obvious to the eye you must trye with your probe which must neither be too thinne nor to sharpe least by falling into some naturall cranyes it may cause us to suspect without any cause that the bone is broken neither let it betoo thick lest the little clifts may deceive you If when your probe comes to the bone it meetes with nothing but that which is smooth and slippery it is a signe that it is whole But on the contrary if you finde it any thing rough specially where there is no suture it shewes the bone is broken But let the Chirurgion consider that the fractures are not seldome upon the futures and that the futures have not alwayes one and their naturall site as also it often comes to passe that the broken clefte or cut bone can neither be perceived by your sight nor instrument wherefore if you thinke there is any such thing by the rationall signes above mentioned annointe the place with writing Incke and oyle and so you shall find the
and changeth its nature so that after it is cut more of it scailes and falls away Now you must know that the bone which is touched with the Trepan or the Aire alwayes casts off scailes for the speedier helping forwards whereof you must strew upon it pouders made of Rocket Briony wilde Coucumber and Aristolochia roots When the bone is sufficiently scaled let this following powder be put upon it which hath a faculty to cover the bone with flesh and to harden it with drynesse convenient to its kinde â„ž an.Ê’j. Flesh being by this meanes generated let it be cicatrized by strewing upon it the rindes of Pomegranats and Alome burnt Neither shal the Chirurgion forcibly take away these scales but commit that whole worke to nature which useth not to cast them off before that it hath generated flesh under them For otherwise if he doe any thing rashly hee brings new corruption to the bone as we shall more at large declare when wee come to treate of the Caries or Rottennesse of bones He which useth the Trepan must consider this that the head is of a round figure and also the Trepan cuts circularly and therefore it is unpossible to cut the bone so equally on every side as if it were performed upon a plane body Furthermore the thicknesse of the scull is not alike in all places wherefore you must looke and marke whether the Trepan goe not more deepe on one side than on the other which you may doe by measuring it now and then with a pinne or needle and if yee finde that it is cut deeper on one side than on the other you must presse downe the Trepan more powerfully upon the opposite part But seeing there are many sorts of Trepans invented and expressed by many men yet if you weigh and rightly consider them all you shall finde none more safe than that I invented and have here delineated For it cannot peirce one jot further into the scull than he pleases that useth it and therefore it cannot hurt either the Meninges or the Braine An Iron head or cover stayes it as a barre that it can penetrate no further than you shall thinke it requisite This head or Cover is to be drawne up and downe and set higher and lower as he which uses it shall thinke good and so it will stay the Trepan that it shall not goe a haires bredth beyond your intended depth So that hence forwards there shall be no Chirurgion howsoever ignorant in the performance of his Art which by the benefit of such a Trepan may not performe this operation without any danger or feare of danger of touching the Dura Mater the hurting whereof puts the life in jeopardie The figure of our Trepan opened and taken in peeces A. Shewes the whole handle or Brace of the Trepan B. The Cover or Cap of the Trepan C The ferule D. D. The screw pins which hold and stay the ferule and Trepan E. The Trepan without his pinne F. The Trepan furnished with its pinne The figure of the same Trepan fitted and put together A. Shewes the Brace and Trepan fitted in every point B. The place into which the Trepan is put and fitted C. C. C. The upper end of the Trepan which is to be fitted and put into the Braine D. The Trepan with its cover or cap upon it E. The ferule F. A screw pin by the twining whereof the Trepan is fastened in the Brace G. Another screw pin which fastnes the ferule closer to the Trepan H. The Three square point In stead of the other Trepan set forth by the Author I have thought fit to give you the figure of that Trepan that is here most in use and the fittest therefore as it is set forth by Mr. Doctor Crooke All these particulars of the Trepan taken in sunder you may see united and fitted together in the other figure But when you cannot bring out the bone which you have cut off with your Trepan then you may take it forth with the Terebellum or Gimblet here exprest that is screwing the point thereof into the hole made by the three square pin the handle of this Instrument may also serve in steed of a Levatorie A Terebellum or Gimblet consisting of three branches When with the Gimblet you have drawne or taken forth that part of the scull which was cut away by the Trepan if there shall bee any sharpe splinters in the second table which may hurt and pricke the Meninx when it is heaved up by the motion of the braine they must be shaved away and planed with this Lentill fashioned scraper being so called because it hath the head thereof fashioned and smooth like a Lentill lest being sharpe it should hurt and pricke the membrane in the smoothing thereof A Lentill-like cutting Scraper But if by reason of the thicknesse the scull cannot bee cut with this Lentill-like scraper you may use the cutting scrapers and a mallet The mallet must be of lead that so it may shake the braine as little as may be But you must diligently with your mullets take forth the sharpe splinters and peeces of the bone But if the fractured part of the scull bee such that it will not admit that section which is requisite for the bared bone as when the fracture is upon the temporall muscle or at the sutures then in the steed of one Trepan two or three must be applyed if the necessity of the present case so require and that within a very small compasse but they must not bee applyed to the fractured part but nigh thereto as we shall shew more at large in the following chapter But the Trepans shall be applyed so neere to each other that the ring of the second may be joyned with the ring of the first and third But if a fracture shall happen to light upon a suture then you must not apply a Trepan to it but use two thereto on each side he that shall doe otherwise shall teare in sunder the nervous and membranous fibers and also the veines and arteries by which the Dura Mater is fastned to the scull and yeelds matter to the Pericranium He which shall apply one Trepan that is but upon one side of the suture he shall not bee able to get forth all the Sanies which is fallen downe on both sides by reason of the partition of the Crassa Meninx which lyes betweene and rises up by the sutures of the scull To conclude when for what cause soever we cannot make use of a Trepan we may imploy this instrument if so bee as much of the bone bee bared as is needfull It is made in forme of a paire of Compasses and by meanes of a screw may bee opened more or lesse as you please You as need shall require may change the points and put other in their places for they may bee fitted to one side of the compasse with a screw Apaire of cutting Compasses to cut
why wounds of the Chest doe every day heape up and poure forth so great a quantity of matter seemes to be their vicinity to the heart which being the fountaine of blood there is a perpetuall effluxe ther eof from thence to the part affected For this is natures care in preserving the affected parts that continually and aboundantly without measure or meane it sends all its supplyes that is blood and spirits to the ayde Ad hereto that the affected parts by paine heate and continuall motion of the Lungs and midriffe draw and allure much blood to themselves Such like blood defiled by the malignity and filth of the wound is speedily corrupted whence it is that from the perpetuall affluxe of blood there is a continuall effluxe of matter or filth which at the last brings a man to a consumption because the ulcerated partlike a ravenous wolfe consumes more blood by the paine heate and motion than can be ministred thereto by the heart Yet if there bee any hope to cure and heale the Fistula it shall bee performed after the use of diet phlebotomie and according to the prescript of the Physition by a vulnerary potion which you shall finde described when we treate of the Caries or rottennesse of the bones Wherefore you shall make frequent injections therewith into the Fistula adding and mixing with it syruput de rosts ficcis and mel rosarum Neither doc I if the putrefaction bee great feare to mixe therewith Aegyptiacum But you must have a care to remember and observe the quantity of the injected liquor that you may know whether it all come forth againe after it hath performed its detergent office For if any thereof remaine behinde in the corners and crooked passages it hurts the part as corrupted with the contagion thereof The for me of a Syring fit to make injection when a great quantity of liquor is to be injected into any part After the injected liquor is come forth a pipe of gold silver or lead shall bee put into the fistulous ulcer and it must have many holes in it that so the filth may passe forth at them it must be fast tyed with strings that it may not fall into the capacity of the Chest A great spunge steeped in aqua vita and wrung forth againe shall bee layd hot to the end or orifice thereof both to hinder the entrance of theayre into the Fistulous ulcer as also to draw forth the filth thereof by its gentle heate the which thing the Patient shall much further if often times both day and night hee hold his breath stopping his mouth and nose and lying upon the diseased side that so the Sanies may bee the more forcibly evacuated neither must wee leave putting in the pipe before that this fistulous ulcer shall bee almost dry that is whole as when it yeelds little or no matter at all then it must be cicatrized But if the orifice of this fistulous ulcer being in the upper part hinder the healing thereof then by a chirurgicall Section a passage shall be made in the bottome as we sayd before in an Empyema The delineation of the pipes with their strings and spunges The reader must note that the pipes which are fit for this use neede not have so many holes as these here exprest but onely two or three in their ends for the flesh growing and getting into the rest make them that they cannot be plucked forth without much paine A wound made in the Lungs admits cure unlesse it bee very large if it bee without inflammation if it bee on the skirts of the Lungs and not on their upper parts if the patient containe himselfe from coughing much and contentious speaking and great breathing for the wound is enlarged by coughing and thence also arises inflammation the Pus and Sanies whereof whilst the lungs againe endeavour to expell by coughing by which meanes they are onely able to expell that which is hurtfull and troublesome to them the ulcer is dilated the inflammation augmented the Patient wastes away and the disease becomes incureable There have beene many Eclegma's described by Physitions for to clense the ulcer which when the patient useth he shall lye on his backe to keepe them long in his mouth so to relaxe the muscles of the Larinx for thus the medicine will fall by little and little alongst the coates of the Weazon for if it should fall downe in great quantity it would be in danger to cause coughing Cowes Asses or Goates milke with a little honey least they should corrupt in the stomacke are very fit remedies for this purpose but womans milke exceedes the rest But Sugar of Roses is to be preferred before all other medicines in the opinion of Avicen for that it hath a detergent and also an astrictive and strengthening faculty than which nothing is more to bee desired in curing of ulcers When you shall thinke it time to agglutinate the clensed ulcer you must command the patient to use emplasticke austere and asttringent medicines such as are Terra sigillata bolus armenus hypocystis plantaine knot-grasse Sumach acacia and the like which the patient shall use in hisbrothes and Eclegma's mixing therewith honey of roses which serving for a vehicle to the rest may carry away the impacted filth which hinders agglutination But seeing an hecticke feaver easily follows upon these kindes of wounds and also upon the affects of the Chest and lungs it will not be amisse to set downe somewhat concerning the cure thereof that so the Chirurgion may know to administer some helpe to his patient whilst a Physition is sent for to overcome this disease with more powerfull and certaine remedies CHAP. XXXII Of the differences causes signes and cure of an Hecticke feaver A Hecticke feaver is so called either for that it is stubborne and hard to eure and loose as things which have contracted a habite for Hexis in Greeke signifies a habite or else for that it seazes upon the solide parts of our bodies called by the Greekes Hexeis both which the Latine word Habitus doth signifie There are three kindes or rather degreees of this feaver The first is when the hecticke heate consumes the humidity of the solide parts The second is when it feeds upon the fleshy substance The third and uncureable is when it destroyes the solide parts themselves For thus the flame of a lampe first wastes the oyle then the proper moysture of the weeke Which being done there is no hope of lighting it againe what store of oyle soever you poure upon it This feaver very seldome breeds of its selfe but commonly followes after some other Wherefore the causes of a hecticke feaver are sharpe and burning feavers not well cured especially if their heate were not repressed with cooling epithemes applyed to the heart and Hypochondria If cold water was not fitly drunke If may also succeede a Diary feaver which hath bin caused and
Saffron In the yeare 1538. There was at Turin whilest I was Chirurgion there to the Marshall of Montjan the Kings Leifetenant Generall in Piemont a certaine Chirurgion wondrous famous for curing these wounds and yet hee used nothing else but the oyle of Whelpes the description whereof I at length obtained of him with much intreaty and expence and hee used it not scalding hot as some have imagined but powred it scarse warme into their wounds and so did mitigate their paine and happily bring them to suppuration Which afterwards almost all Chirurgions after they had got the description heereof when I first published this Worke have used and daily doe use with happy successe But in contemning and condemning Aegyptiacum I thinke hee hath no partaker seeing there as yet hath beene found no medicine more speedy and powerfull to hinder putrifaction if beginning or correct it if present Now these wounds often degenerate into virulent eating spreading and maligne ulcers which cast forth a stincking and carion-like filth whence the part Gangrenates unlesse you withstand them with Aegyptiacum and other acrid medicines being greatly approved by the formerly named Physitions and all Chirurgions But saith hee this unguent is poysonous and therefore hath beene the death of many who have beene wounded by Gunshot Verily if any diligently enquire into the composition of this oyntment and consider the nature of all and every the ingredients thereof hee shall understand that this kind of Vnguent is so farre from poyson that on the contrary it directly opposes and resists all poyson and putrifaction which may happen to a fleshy part through occasion of any wound It is most false and dissonant from the doctrine of Hippocrates to affirme that the seasons of the yeare swerving from the Law of nature and the aire not truly the simple and elementary but that which is defiled and polluted by the various mixture of putrid and pestilent vapours eyther raised from the earth or sent from above make not wounds more maligne and hard to cure at some times than they are at othersome For the ayre eyther very hot or cold drawne into the body by inspiration or transpiration generates a condition in us like its qualities Therefore why may it not when defiled with the putredinous vapours of bodies lying unburied after great battailes and shipwracks of great Armadoes infect with the like qualitie our bodies and wounds In the yeare 1562. when the civill warres concerning Religion first begun in France at Pene a Castle lying upon the River Lot many slaine bodies were cast into a Well some hundred Cubits deepe so stinking and pestilent a vapour arose from hence some two moneths after that many thousand of people dyed all over the Provence of Agenois as if the Plague had beene amongst them the pernitious contagion being spred twenty miles in compasse which none ought to thinke strange especially seeing the putride exhalations by the force of the windes may be driven and carried into divers and most remote regions dispersed like the seeds of the Pestilence whence proceeds a deadly corruption of the spirits humors and wounds not to be attributed to the proper malignitie or perverse cure of wounds but to be the fault of the aire Therefore Francis Daleschampe in his French Chirurgery in reckoning up these things which hinder the healing of Vlcers hath not omitted that common cause which proceeds from the ayre defiled or tainted with the seedes of the pestilence For he had learnt from his Master Hippocrates that the mutations of times chiefely bring diseases and he had read in Guide that this was the chiefe occasion that wounds of the head at Paris and of the legges at Avignion were more difficultly healed Lastly even Barbers and such as have least skill in Chirurgery know that wounds easily turne into a Gangreene in hot and moyst constitutions of the ayre Wherefore when the winde is southerly the Butchers will kill no more flesh than to serve them for one day I have formerly declared the malignity of the wounds occasioned by the ayre in the seige of Roüen which spared none no not the Princes of the blood who had all things which were requisite for their health Which caused me made at length more skilfull by experience to use Vnguentum Aegyptiacum and medicines of the like faculty in steed of suppuratives to wounds during all that season that so I might withstand the putrefaction and Gangreene which so commonly assayled them But if the various motion of the starres can by their influxe send a Plague into the aire why then may it not by depravation of their qualityes infect and as by poysoning corrupt both wounds and wounded bodies obnoxious to their changes and that of the ayre Wee learnt long since by experience that all paines but principally of wounds grow worse in a rainy and moist season specially because in that southerly constitution the aire replete with thicke and foggy vapours causes the humors to abound in the body which forthwith easily fall upon the affected parts and cause encrease of paine But saith our Adversary in the battell at Dreux and at S. Dennis which were fought in winter there dyed a great number of men who were wounded by Gunshot This I confesse is true but yet I deny that it was occasioned by applying suppuratives or corrosives but rather by the vehemencie and largenesse of their wounds and the spoile the Bullet made in their members but above all by reason of the cold For cold is most hurtfull to wounds and ulcers as Hippocrates testifies it hardens the skinne and causes a Gangreene If this my Gentleman had beene with mee in the seige of Metz he might have seene the Legges of many souldiers to have rotted and presently taken with a Gangreene to have fallne away by the onely extremitie of cold If he will not beleeve me let him make tryall himselfe and goe in winter to the Chappell at Mount Senis one of the Alpine hills where the bodies of such as were frozen to death in passing that way are buried and hee shall learne and feele how true I speake In the meane time I thinke it fit to confute the last point of his reprehension He cavills for that I compared Thunder and Lightning with the discharging peices of Ordinance Frst he cannot denie but that they are alike in effects For it is certaine that the flame arising from Gunpouder set on fire resembles Lightning in this also that you may see it before you heare the cracke or reporr I judge for that the eye almost in a moment perceives its object but the eare cannot but in some certaine space of time and by distinct gradations But the rumbling noise is like in both and certainly the report of great Ordinance may bee heard sometimes at forty miles distance whilst they make any great battry in the beseiging of Citties Besides also Iron Bullets cast forth with incredible celerity
the preservers of its integrity yea also extinguisheth the native heate of the same part Now wee must not use these things but with great discretion least so we draw not onely that blood which is poured forth of the vessels but also the other which is contained in the vessels Moreover also we must not use them unlesse when the defluxion is stayed For small contusions which Galen judgeth by the softnesse of the contused part it will bee sufficient to apply to discusse them Virgins waxe dissolved and mixed with Cummim seedes Cloves the roote of blacke Briony which hath a wonderfull faculty to discusse all blackenesses and sugillations for the same purpose you may also apply wormewood brused and so warmed in a dish and sprinkled over with a little white wine Also fry wormewood with oyle of cammomill branne the powder of Cloves and Nutmegs adding thereto a little aqua vitae then put it all in a linnen cloth and apply it hot to the part The following emplaster doth powerfully discusse congealed blood ℞ Picis nigrae ℥ ij Gum. Elemi ℥ ij styracis liquidae terebinth com an ℥ ss pul sulphuris vivi ℥ j. Liquefiant simul fiat Emplastrum and let be spred upon leather and so applyed CHAP. VI. Of that strange kinde of symptome which happens upon contusions of the ribbes THe flesh contused sometimes by great violence becomes mucous and swolne or puffed up like Veale which the butchers blow up the skinne remaining whole This is seene and happens chiefely in that flesh which is about the ribs for this being bruised either by a blow or fall or resitencie or any other such like cause if you presse it with your hand a certaine windinesse goeth out thereof with a small whyzzing which may be heard and the print of your finges will remaine as in oedema's Vnlesse you quickely make fit provision against this symptome there is gathered in that space which the flesh departing from the bones leaves empty a certaine purulent sanies which divers times foules and corrupts the ribs It will be cured if the mucous tumor be presently pressed and straightly bound with ligatures yet so that you hinder not the breathing when as the affect happens upon the ribs and parts of the Chest Then apply to the part a plaister of Oxycroceum or diachylon Ireatum with the emplaister de meliloto also discussing fomentaions shall be used The cause of such a tumor is a certaine mucous flegme seeing that nature is so weake that it cannot well digest the nourishment and assimulate it to the part but leaves fomething as it were halfe concocted No otherwise than the conjunctive coate of the eye is sometime so lifted up and swolne by a stroake that it startes as it were out of the orbe of the eye leaving such filth or matter as wee see those which are bleard eye to be troubled withall because the force and naturall strength of the eyes is become more weake either by the fault of the proper distemperature or the aboundance of moysture which flowes thither as it happens in those tumors which are against nature For flatulencies are easily raysed from a watrish and flegmatique humors wrought upon by weake heate which mixed with the rest of the humor the tumor becomes higher CHAP. VII A discourse of Mumia or Mummie PEradventure it may seeme strange what may be the cause why in this Treatise of curing contusions or bruises I have made no mention of giving Mummie either in bole or potion to such as have falne from high places or have beene otherwise bruised especially seeing it is so common and usuall yea the very first and last medicine of almost all our practitioners at this day in such a case But seeing I understood and had learnt from learned Physitions that in using remedies the indication must alwaies be taken from that which is contrary to the disease how could I how can any other give Mummie in this kinde of disease seeing we cannot as yet know what Mummie is or what is the nature and essence thereof So that it cannot certainely be judged whether it have a certaine property contrary to the nature and effects of contusions This how it may have I have thought good to relate somewhat at large neither doe the Physitions who prescribe Mummie nor the Authours that have written of it nor the Apothecaries that fell it know any certainty thereof For if you reade the more ancient Serapio and Avicen to the moderne Matthiolus and Thevet you shall finde quite different opinions Aske the Merchants who bring it to us aske the Apothecaries who buy it of them to fell it to us and you shall heare them speake diversly heereof that in such variety of opinions there is nothing certaine and manifest Serapio and Avicen have judged Mummie to bee nothing else but Pissasphalthum now Pissasphaltum is a certaine forth or foame rising from the Sea or Sea waters this same foame as long as it swimmes upon the water is soft and in some sort liquid but being driven upon the shore by force of tempest and working of the sea and sticking in the cavityes of the rockes it concreates into somewhat a harder substance than dryed pitch as Dioscorides faith Belonius saith that Mummie is onely knowne to Aegypt and Greece Others write that it is mans flesh taken from the carcases of such as are dead and covered over in the sandes in the desartes of Arabia in which Countrey they say the sands are sometimes carried and raysed up with such force and violence of the windes that they overthrow and suffocate such passingers as they meete withall the flesh of these dryed by the sand and winde they affirme to be Mummy Mathiolus following the more usuall and common opinion writes that Mummie is nothing else than a liquor flowing from the Aromaticke embalments of dead bodyes which becomes dry and hard For understanding whereof you must know from all manner of antiquity that the Egyptians have beene most studious in burying and embalming their dead not for that end that they should become medicines for such as live for they did not so much as respect or imagine so horride a wickednesse But either for that they held an opinion of the generall resurrection or that in these monuments they might have something whereby they might keepe their dead friends in perpetuall remembrance Thevet not much dissenting from his owne opinion writes that the true Mummie is taken from the monuments and stony tombes of the anciently dead in Egypt the chinkes of which tombes were closed and cimented with such diligence but the enclosed bodyes embalmed with precious spices with such art for eternity that the linnen vestures which were wrapt about thē presently after their death may be seene whole even to this day but the bodies themselves are so fresh that you would judge them scarce to have been three dayes buryed And yet in
to fall to your worke CHAP. XV. Of the generall cure of a Gangreene THe Indications of curing Gangreenes are to be drawne from their differences for the cure must bee diversely instituted according to the essence and magnitude For some Gangreenes possesse the whole member others onely some portion thereof some are deepe othersome superficiall onely Also you must have regard to the temper of the body For soft and delicate bodyes as of children women Eunuches and idle persons require much milder medicines than those who by nature and custome or vocation of life are more strong and hardy such as husbandmen labourers marriners huntsmen potters and men of the like nature who live sparingly and hardly Neither must you have respect to the body in generall but also to the parts affected for the fleshy and musculous parts are different from the solide as the Nerves and joynts or more solide as the Vertebrae Now the hot and moyst parts as the Privities mouth wombe and fundament are easilyer and sooner taken hold of by putrifaction wherefore we must use more speedy meanes to helpe them Wherefore if the Gangreene be cheefely occasioned from an internall cause he must have a dyet prescribed for the decent and fitting use of the sixe things not naturall If the body be plethoricke or full of ill humors you must purge or let blood by the advice of a Physition Against the ascending up of vapours to the noble parts the heart must cheefely be strengthened with Treacle dissolved in Sorrell or Carduus water with a bole of Mithridate the conserves of Roses Buglosse and with Opiates made for the present purpose according to Art this following Apozeme shall be outwardly applyed to the region of the heart â„ž aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. corallorum santalorum alborum rubrorum rosar rub inpulver radactarum spodij an â„¥ j. mithrid theriacae an Ê’ijss trochiscorum de Caphura Ê’ij crociÊ’j ex omnibus in pollinem redactis fiat epithema Which may be applyed upon the region of the heart with a scarlet clot or spunge These are usually such as happen in the cure of every Gangreene CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Gangreene THe cure of a Gangreene caused by the too plentifull and violent defluxion of humors suffocating the native heate by reason of great Plegmons is performed by evacuating and drying up the humors which putrifie by delay and collection in the part For this purpose scarifications and incisions great indifferent small deepe and superficiary according to the condition of the Gangreene are much commended that so the burdened part may enjoy the benefit of perspiration and the contained humors of difflation or evacuation of their footy excrements Let incisions be made when the affect is great deepe in and neere to mortification But scarifications may be used when the part first begins to putrefie for the greatnesse of the remedy must answere in proportion to that of the disease Wherefore if it penetrate to the bones it will bee fit to cut the skin and flesh with many and deepe incisions with an incision knife made for that purpose yet take heede of cutting the larger nerves and vessels unlesse they be wholy putrified for if they be not yet putrified you shall make your incisions in the spaces betweene them if the Gangreene be lesse we must rest satisfied with onely scarifying it When the scarifications and incisions are made we must suffer much blood to flow forth that so the conjunct matter may bee evacuated Then must we apply and put upon it such medicines as may by heating drying resolving clensing and opening amend and correct the putrefaction and by peircing to the bottome may have power to overcome the virulencie already impact in the part For this purpose Lotions made of the lye of the Ashes of fig-tree or Oake wherein Lupines have bin throughly boyled are good Or you may with lesse trouble make a medicine with salt water wherein you may dissolve Aloes and Aegyptiacum adding in the conclusion a little Aqua vitae for aqua vitae and calcined vitrioll are singular medicines for a Gangreene Or â„ž acet opimi lb. j. mel ros â„¥ iiij syrup acetosi â„¥ iij. salis com â„¥ v. bulliant simul adde aq vitae lb. s Let the part be frequently washed with this medicine for it hath much force to represse Gangreenes After your Lotion lay Aegyptiacum for a Liniment and put it into the incisions for there is no medicine more powerfull against putrefaction for by causing an Eschar it separates the putride flesh from the sound But we must not in this kinde of affect expect that the putride flesh may of it selfe fall from the sound but rather cut off with your incision knife or sissers whatsoever thereof you can then put to it Egyptiacum as oft as neede shall require The knowledge hereof may be acquired from the colour smell and sensiblenesse of the flesh its selfe The description of the Egyptiacum whose wondrous effects I have often tryed in these causes is this â„ž floris aris aluminis roch mellis com an â„¥ iij. aceti acerrimi â„¥ v. salis com â„¥ j. vitrioli rom â„¥ ss sublimatipul Ê’ij bulliant omnia simul ad ignem fiat unguent If the force of the putrefaction in the part be not so great a weaker Aegyptiacum may serve When you have put in the Aegyptiacum then presently lay the following Cataplasme thereupon For it hinders putrefaction resolves cleanses dryes up the virulent sanies and by the dry subtlety of the parts penetrates into the member strengthens it and asswages the paine â„ž farin fabar hor dei orobi lent lupin an lb. s sal com mellis rosat an â„¥ iiij succi absinth marrub an â„¥ iiss aloes mastiches myrrhae aqua vit an â„¥ ij oxymelitis simpl quantum sufficit fiat Cataplasma molle secundum artem Somewhat higher than the part affected apply this following astringent or defensitive to hinder the flowing down of the humors into the part and the rising up of the vapours from the putride part into the whole body â„ž oleirosati myrtill an â„¥ 4. succi plantag solani sempervivi an â„¥ ij album ovorum 5. boli armeni teâ—rae sigillata subtiliter pulverâ—satorum an â„¥ j. oxycrati quantum sufficit misce ad usum dictum But these medicines must be often renewed If the greefe be so stubborne that it will not yeeld to the described remedies wee must come to stronger to wit Cauteries after whose application Galen bids to put upon it the juice of a Leeke with salt beaten and dissolved therewith for that this medicine hath a peircing and drying faculty and consequently to hinder putrifaction But if you prevaile nothing with Cauteries then must you come to the last remedy and refuge that is the amputation of the part For according to Hippocrates to extreame diseases exquisitly
white and become smooth or plaine For so their eating and spreading force will at length be bridled and laudible flesh grow up in place of that which is eaten After such burning it will be good to wash the mouth with the following gargarisme which also of its selfe alone will serve to cure Aphtha's which are not maligne â„ž hordei integri p. j. plantag ceterach pilosellae agrimonia an M. j. fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in qua dissolve mellis rosati â„¥ j. diamoron â„¥ ss fiat gargarisma You may also make other gargles of Pomegranate pills Balausties Sumach Berberies red roses being boyled and dissolving in the strayned liquor Diamoroâ— and Dianucum with a little Alume For Galen writes that simple Vlcers of the mouth are healed with things which dry with moderation now Diamoron and Dianucum are such But others stand in neede of strong medicines with such like If the palate be seazed upon we must use the more diligence and care for there is danger least being the part is hot and moyst the bone which lyes under which is rare and humide may bee corrupted by the contagion and fall away and the voyce or speech be spoyled If the Vlcer be pockie omitting the common remedyes of Vlcers you must speedily beâ—ake your selfe to the proper antidote of that disease to wit quick-silver Fistulous Vlcers often take hold on the Gummes whence the roote of the next tooth becomes rotten and so farre that the acrimonie of the Sanies oft times makes its selfe a passage forth on the outside under the chinne which thing puts many into a false conceite of the scrophulae or Kings evill and consequently of an uncurable disease In such a case Aetius and Celsus counsell is to take out the rotten tooth for so the Fistula will be taken away the Gum pressing and thrusting its selfe into the place of the tooth which was taken forth and so the cause nourishing the putrefaction being taken away that is the tooth the rest of the cure will be more easy The Vlcers of the tongue may be cured by the same remedies by which the rest of the mouth yet those which breede on the side thereof endure very long and you must looke whether or no there be not some sharpe tooth over against it which will not suffer the Vlcer in that place to heale which if there be then must you take it away with a file CHAP. XVI Of the Vlcers of the Eares VLcers are bred in the auditory passage both by an externall cause as a stroake or fall as also by an internall as an abscesse there generated They oft times flow with much matter not there generated for such Vlcers are usually but small and besides in a spermaticke part but for that the braine doth that way disburden its selfe For the cure the cheefe regard must be had of the antecedent cause which feedes the Vlcer and it must be diverted by purging medicines Masticatories and Errhines This is the forme of a Masticatory rum Mastic Ê’j staphisagr pyreth an ℈ j. cinam caryoph an Ê’ss fiant Masticatoria utatur manè vesperi But this is the forme of an Errhine rum succi betonic mercurial melissa an â„¥ ss vini albi â„¥ j misce frequenter naribus attrahatur For topicke medicines we must shunne all fatty and oyly things as Galen sets downe in Method medendi where he findes fault with a certaine follower of Thessalus who by using Tetrapharmacum made the Vlcer in the eare grow each day more filthy than other which Galen healed with the Trochisces of Andronius dissolved in Vinegar whose composure is as followeth rum balaust Ê’ij alumin. Ê’j atrament sutor Ê’ij myrrhae Ê’j thur aristoloch gallarum an Ê’ij salis Ammon Ê’j excipiantur omnia melicrato â—…t trochisci Galen in the same place witnesseth that he hath healed inveterate Vlcers and of two yeares old of this kind with the scailes of Iron made into powder and then boyled in sharpe Vinegar untill it acquired the consistence of Honey Moreover an Oxes gall dissolved in strong Vinegar and dropped in warme amends and dryes up the putrefaction wherewith these Vlcers flow Also the scailes of Iron made into powder boyled in sharpe Vinegar dryed and strewed upon them But if the straitnesse of the passages should not give leave to the matter contained in the windings of the eares to passe forth then must it bee drawne out with an Instrument thereupon called a Pyoulcos or matter-drawer whereof this is the figure The figure of a Pyoulcos or matter-drawer CHAP. XVII Of the Vlcers of the Windpipe Weason stomacke and Gutts THese parts are ulcerated either by an externall cause as an acride medicine or poyson swallowed downe or by an internall cause as a maligne fretting humor which may equall the force of poyson generated in the body and restrained in these parts If the paine be encreased by swallowing or breathing it is the signe of an Vlcer in the weazon or windepipe joyning thereto But the paine is most sensibly felt when as that which is swallowed is either soure or acride or the ayre breathed in is more hot or cold than ordinary But if the cause of paine lye fastened in the stomacke more greevous symptomes urge for sometimes they swound have a nauseous disposition and vomiting convulsions gnawings and paine almost intollerable and the coldnesse of the extreame parts all which when present at once few scape unlesse such as are young and have very strong bodyes The same affect may befall the whole stomacke but because both for the bitternesse of paine and greatnesse of danger that Vlcer is farre more greevous which takes hold of the mouth of the Ventricle honoured by the Ancients with the name of the heart therefore Physitions doe not make so great a reckoning of that which happens in the lower part of the stomacke Now we know that the Guts are ulcerated if Pus or much purulent matter come forth by stoole if blood come that way with much griping for by the Pus staying and as it were gathered together in that place there is as it were a certaine continuall Tenesmus or desire to goe to stoole Now all such Vlcers are cured by meates and drinkes rather than by medicines according to Galen Therefore you must make choyse of all such meates and drinkes as are gentle and have a lenitive faculty shunning acride things for Tutia Lytharge Ceruse Verdigreece and the like have no place heere as they have in other Vlcers But when as the Vlcer shall be in the Gullet or Weazon you must have a care that such things may have some viscidity or toughnesse and be swallowed by little and little and at diverse times otherwise they will not mâ—â—h availe because they cannot make any stay in these commune wayes of breath and meat therefore they presently slip downe and flow away
wherefore all such things shall be used in forme of an Eglegma to be taken lying on the backe and swallowed downe by little and little opening the muscles of the throate least the medicine passing downe sodainely and in great quantity cause a cough a thing exceeding hurtfull to these kinds of Vlcers When they must be clensed you shall have crude honey which hath a singular faculty above all other detergent things in these kind of Vlcers But when they can conveniently swallow you shall mixe Gumme Tragacanth dissolved in some astringent decoction In Vlcers of the stomacke all acride things as I have formerly advised must be shunned as those which may cause paine inflammation and vomite and besides hinder the digestion of the meate Therefore let them frequently use a ptisan and sugered gellyes wherein Gumme Tragacanth and bole Armenicke have beene put the decoction of Prunes Dates Figges Raisons Honey Cowes milke boyled with the yoalkes of egges and a little common honey When they are to be agglutinated it will be convenient to make use of austere astringent and agglutinative things which want all acrimony and ungratefull taste such as are Hypocistis Pomegranate flowres and pills terra sigillata sumach acacia a decoction of quinces the Lentiske wood the tops of Vines of brambles myrtles made in astringent wine unlesse there be feare of inflammation Their drinke shall be Hydromel water with Sugar syrupe of Violets and Iujubes Honey mixed with other medicines is a very fitting remedy for Vlcers of the guts and other parts more remote from the stomacke for if you shall use astringent medicines alone of themselves they will sticke to the stomacke neither will they carry their strength any further but honey mixed with them besides that it distributes them to the rest of the body and helpes them forwards to the affected parts also clenses the Vlcers themselves Here also Asses milke may with good successe be used in stead of Goates or Cowes milke The use of a valnerary potion is almost commendable if so bee that it bee made of such hearbes and simples as by a certaine tacite familiartiy have respect to the parts affected But the Vlcers of the Guts have this difference amongst themselves that if the greater guts be affected you may heale them with a Glyster and injections made also sharpe to correct the putrefaction such as are those which are made of Barly water or wine with Aegyptiacum But if the small guts be ulcerated they must bee rather healed by potions and other things taken at the mouth for that as Galen saith these things which are put up into the body by the Fundament doe not commonly ascend to the small or slender guts but such as are taken at the mouth cannot come unlesse with the losse of their faculty so farre as the great guts CHAP. XVIII Of the Vlcers of the Kidneyes and Bladder VLcers are caused in the Kidnyes and Bladder either by the use of acride meates drinkes or medicines as Cantharides or else by the collection of an acride humor bred in that place sent or falne thither or else by the rupture of some vessell or an abscesse broken and degenerated into an Vlcer as it sometimes comes to passe They are discerned by their site for the paine and heavinesse of Vlcers of the Reines comes to the Loynes and the Pus or matter is evacuated well and throughly mixed with the Vrine Neither doth the Pus which flowes from the renies stinke so ill as that which is cast forth of the bladder the reason is for that the bladder being a bloodlesse fleshlesse membranous part hath not such power to resist putrefaction that pus which flowes from the Kidneyes never flowes without water and although by long keeping in an Vrinall it at length subsides or falls to the bottome and may be seene separated yet when it is first made you may see it perfectly mixed with the Vrine but that Pus which flowes from the bladder is oft times made alone without Vrine usually it comes to passe that the Pus or matter which flowes from the ulcerated Kidnyes hath in it certaine caruncles or as it were haires according to the rule of Hippocrates Those who in a thicke Vrine have little caâ—uncles and as it were haires come forth together therewith they come from their Kidnyes but on the contrarie those who have certaine bran-like scailes come from them in a thicke Vrine their bladder is scabby or troubled with a scabby Vlcer For the cure it is expedient that the belly be soluble either by nature or Art and the use of mollifying Glysters And it is good to vomit sometimes so to draw backe the humors by whose confluxe into the affected part the Vlcer might bee seed and made more sordide and filthy You must beware of strong purgations least the humors being moved and too much agitated the matter fit to nourish the Vlcer may fall downe upon the Kidnyes or bladder The ensuing potion is very effectuall to mundifie those kind of Vlcers â„ž Hordei integri M. ij glycyrrhizae ras contus â„¥ ss rad acetosae petrosel an Ê’vj fiat decoctio ad lb. j. in colatura dissolve mellis dispum â„¥ ij Let him take every morning the quantity of foure Ounces Gordonius exceedingly commends the following Trochisces â„ž quator sem frig maj mundatorum sem papaveris albi sem malvae portul cydon baccarum myrti tragacanth gum arab nucum pinearum mund pistach glycyrrhizae mund â—ucaginis sem psilij amygd dulc hordei mund an Ê’ij bol armeni sang dracâ—spodij rosarum myrrhae an â„¥ ss ponderisÊ’ij Let him take one thereof in the morning dissolved in Barly water or Goates milke Galen bids to mixe honey and diureticke things with medicines made for the Vlcers of the Reines and bladder for that they gently move Vrine and are as vehicles to carry the medicines to the part affected Vlcers of the bladder are either in the bottome thereof or at the necke and urinary passage If they be in the bottome the paine is almost continuall if in the necke the paine then prickes and is most terrible when they make water and presently after The Vlcer which is is the bottome sends forth certaine scaly or skinny excrements together with the Vrine but that which is in the necke causes almost a continuall Tentigo Those which are in the bottome are for the most part incurable both by reason of the bloodlesse and nervous nature of the part as also for that the Vlcer is continually chased and troubled by the acrimony of the Vrine so that it can hardly be cicatrized For even after making of water some reliques of the Vrine alwayes remaine in the bottome of the bladder which could not therefore passe forth together with the rest of the Vrine for that for the passing forth of the Vrine the bladder being distended before falls and
so to apply one on each side of the dislocated vertebrae and so with your hands to presse them against the bunching forth vertebrae untill you force them backe into their seats just after the manner you see it here delineated In the meane while have a care that you touch not the processes which stand up in the ridge of the Spine for they are easily broken You may know that the vertebrae are restored by the equall smoothnesse of the whole Spine It is fit after you have restored it to binde up the part and lay splints or plates of Lead neatly made for that purpose upon it but so that they may not presse the crists or middle processes of the vertebrae which I formerly mentioned but only the sides then the Patient shall be layd upon his backe in his bed and the splints long kept on lest the vertebrae should fall out againe CHAP. XVII A more particular inquirie of the Dislocation of the Vertebrae proceeding from an internall cause THe vertebrae are in like sort luxated by the antecedent cause as wee have formerly said which is caused by the naturall imbecillitie of the parts principally of the nervous ligament by which all the vertebrae are bound each to other this ligament comes not to the spinall marrow but onely bindes together the vertebrae on their outsides For besides the two membranes proceeding from the two Meninges of the Braine wherewith the marrow is covered there is a third strong and nervous coate put upon it lest whilest the spine is diversly bended the bended marrow should bee broken This third coate arises from the pericranium as soone as it arrives at the first vertebrae of the necke Now that Ligament wherewith we said the joynts of the vertebrae were mutually knit and fastened is encompassed with a tough and glutinous humor for the freeâ—r motion of the vertebrae Sometimes another cold crude grosse and viscide humor confused and mixed herewith by great defluxions and catarrhes begets a tumor which doth not only distend the nerves proceeding forth of the holes of the vertebrae but also distends the ligaments wherewith they are bound together which so distended and as it were drawne aside do draw together with them the vertebrae one while towards the right side another while to the left somewhiles inwards otherwhiles outwards and thus move them out of their seats and dislocate them A dislocated vertebra standing forth and making a bunch is termed in Greeke Cyphosis Those thus affected we may call Bunch-backt But when it is depressed it is named Lordosis Such we may terme Saddle-backt But when the same is luxated to the right or left side it maketh a Scoliosis or Crookednesse which wresting the spine drawes it into the similitude of this letter S. Galen addes a fourth default of the vertebrae which is when their joynts are moved by reason of the loosenesse of their ligaments the vertebrae yet remaining in their places and he cals it a Seisis or shaking They also note another defect peculiar to the Spinall marrow which is when as it the vertebrae being not moved whereto it adheres is plucked and severed from them this disease is occasioned by a fall from on high by a great stroake and by all occasions which may much shake and consequently depresse the spinall marrow or by any other meanes remove or put it forth of its place Scarce any recovers of this disease for many reasons which any exercised in the art may easily thinke upon But let us returne to the internall cause of Luxations Fluid and soft bodies such as Childrens usually are very subject to generate this internall cause of defluxion If externall occasions shall concurre with these internall causes the vertebrae will sooner be dislocated Thus Nurses whilst they too straitly lace the breasts and sides of girles so to make them slender cause the breast-bone to east its selfe in forwards or backwards or else the one shoulder to bee bigger or fuller the other more spare and leane The same error is committed if they lay children more frequently and longupon their sides than upon their backs or if taking them up when they wake they take them only by the feete or legges and never put their other hand under their backs never so much as thinking that children grow most towards their heads CHAP. XVIII Prognosticks of the Dislocated Vertebrae of the backe IF in Infancie it happen that the vertebrae of the backe shall bee dislocated the ribbs will grow little or nothing in breadth but runne outwards before therefore the chest loseth its naturall latitude and stands out with a sharpe point Hence they become asthmaticke the lungs and muscles which serve for breathing being pressed together and straitened and that they may the easâ—ier breathe they are forced to hold up their heads whence also they seeme to have great throats Now because the weazon being thus pressed the breath is carried through a strait passage therefore they whease as they breath and snort in their sleepe for that their lungs which receive and send forth the breath or ayre be of lesse bignesse besides also they are subject to great distillations upon their lungs whereby it commeth to passe that they are shorter lived But such as are bunch-backed below the midriffe are incident to diseases of the kidneyes and bladder and have smaller and slenderer thighes and legges and they more slowly and sparingly cast forth haire and have beards to conclude they are lesse fruitfull and more subject to barrennesse than such as have their crookednesse above their midriffe The Bunches which proceede from externall causes are oft times cureable but such as have their originall from an inward cause are absolutely uncureable unlesse they be withstood at the first with great care industrie Wherefore such as have it by kinde never are helped Such as whilest they are yet Children before their bodies bee come to perfect growth have their Spine crooked and bunching out their bodies use not to grow at the Spine but their legges and armes come to their perfect and full growth yet the parts belonging to their breasts and backe become more slender Neither is it any wonder for seeing the veines arteries and nerves are not in their places the spirits doe neither freely nor the alimentarie juices plenteously flow by these straitned passages whence leannesse must needs ensue but the limbs shall thence have no wrong for that not the whole bodie but the neighbouring parts onely are infected with the contagion of this evill When divers vertebrae following each other in order are together and at one time dislocated the dislocation is lesse dangerous than if one alone were luxated For when one only vertebrae is dislocated it carries the Spinall marrow so away with it that it forces it almost into a sharpe angle wherefore being more straitly pressed it must necessarily bee eyther broken or hurt which is absolutely deadly for that it is
if wee cannot attaine to the restitution thereof with our hands alone you must cause the dislocated arme lightly bended to embrace a poste then must the end of the cubit called Olecranum be tyed or bound about with a strong ligature or line and then wrested into its cavity by putting a battoon or staffe into the ligature as is demonstrated by this ensuing figure A figure which shewes the way how to restore the Elbow by putting it about a poste with a battoone A figure which shewes how to restore the elbow by only casting a line about it There is also another more exquisite way of restoring it which is expressed by the latter figure wherein a line of some inch breadth is cast about the Olecranum of the arme embracing a poste or pillar and it is drawn so long untill the dislocated bone be brought into its seat Now wee know that the bone is returned into its place and restored when the paine ceaseth and the figure and whole naturall conformation is restored to the arme and the bending and extending thereof is easie and not painefull CHAP. XXXIII Of the dislocation of the Elbow to the inside and of a compleat and uncompleat luxation IF the Elbow be dislocated to the inner part the arme must be strongly and powerfully extended then bended quickly and with sudden violence so that his hand may smite upon his shoulder Some put some round thing into the bought of the Elbow and upon that doe suddenly force the Elbow to the shoulder as we have formerly said If the Cubit bone be onely lightly moved out of its place into the upper or lower place it is easily restored by drawing and forcing it into its cavity after this following manner Let two extend the arme taking holde thereof at the shoulder and wrest and each draw towards himselfe and also the Surgeon who shall there be present shall force the bone which is dislocated from that part whereunto it is bended unto the contrary after he shall thus have restored it he shall lay the arme in a straight angle and so binde it up and apply fit medicines formerly mentioned and so let him carry it in a scarfe put about his necke as wee said in the dislocation of the shoulder Hippocrates bids that the patient after it is set shall often endeavour to bend his hand upwards and downewards and also extend and bend his arme yea and also to attempt to lift up some heavie thing with his hand for so it will come to passe that the ligaments of this joynt may become more softe ready and able to performe their accustomed functions and also the bones of the cubite and shoulder shall bee freed from the affect termed Ancylosis whereto they are incident by the luxations of this part Now Ancylosis is a certaine preternaturall agglutination co-agmentation and as it were union of sundry and severall bones in the same joynt which afterwards hinders the bending and extension thereof Now a Callus is generated in the Elbow sooner than in any other articulation whether it remaineth out or be put into joynt by reason that by rest and cessation from the accustomed actions a viscide humor which is placed naturally in the joynts as also another which is preternaturall drawne thither by paine floweth downe and is hardned and gleweth the bones together as I have observed in many by reason of the Idlenesse and too long rest of this part Wherefore that we may withstand this affect the whole ligation must be loosed sooner and oftner than otherwise that is to say every third day and then the patients arme must bee gently moved every way Within the space of twenty or twenty five dayes these restored bones recover their strength sooner or later according to the happening accidents It is necessary also that the Surgeon know that the Radius or Wand sometimes falleth out when the cubite or Ell is wholly dislocated wherefore hee must bee mindfull in setting the cubit that hee also restore the Wand to its place in the upper part it hath a round processe lightly hollowed wherein it receiveth the shoulder-bone it hath also an eminencie which admitteth the two-headed muscle CHAP. XXXIV Of the dislocation of the Styliformis or bodkin-like processe of the cubit or ell THe processe of the Ell called Styloides being articulated to the wrest by Diathrosis by which it is received in a small cavity is dislocated and falleth out sometimes inwards somewhiles outwards The cause usually is the falling of the body from high upon the hands It is restored if that you force it into its seat diligently bind it apply thereto very astringent drying medicines But yet though you shall diligently performe all things which may bee done in dislocations yet you shall never so bring it to passe that this bone shall bee perfectly restored and absolutely put into the place where hence it went which thing we have read observed by Hippocrates when saith he the greater bone to wit the Ell is removed from the other that is the wand it is not easily restored to its owne nature againe for that seeing that neither any other common connexion of two bones which they call Symphysis or union when it is drawne asunder and destroyed may bee reduced into its former nature by reason these ligaments wherewith they were formerly contained and as it were continued are too violently distended and relaxed whence it happens that I have in these cases often observed that the diligence and care of the Surgeon hath nothing availed CHAP. XXXV Of the dislocation of the Wrest WEe understand by the wrest a certaine bony body consisting of a composure of eight bones knit to the whole cubit by Diarthrosis For the wrest considered wholly in its selfe is knit and articulated with the Ell wand with that against the little finger with this against the thumb for thus as it were by two connexions the joint is made more firme Yet may it be dislocated inwardly outwardly towards the sides We say it is luxated inwardly when the hand stands upwards but outwardly when it is crookt in cannot be extended But if it chance to be dislocated sidewayes it stands awry either towards the little finger or else towards the thumbe as the luxation befals to this or that side The cause hereof may seem to depend upon the different dearticulation of the Ell and wand with the hand or wrest For the wand which is articulated on the lower part with the wrest at the thumbe by its upper part whilest it receives the outward swelling or condyle of the Ell in its cavity performs the circular motions of the hands But the cubit or ell which in like sort is connected on the lower part by Diarthrosis at the little finger with the wrest being articulated on the upper part with the shoulder-bone bends and extends or stretches forth the hand There is one way to restore the
formerly mentioned dislocations The arm on one side and the hand on another must be extended upon a hard resisting and smooth place so that it may lye flat and you must have a care that the part whence the dislocated bone fell bee the lower in its site and place and the part whether it is gone the higher Then to conclude the prominencies of the bones must be pressed down by the hand of the Surgeon untill by the force of compression and site the luxated bones be thrust and forced into their places and cavities CHAP. XXXVI Of the dislocated bones of the Wrest THe wrest consists of eight bones which cannot unlesse by extraordinary violence bee put or fall out of their places Yet if they shall at any time fall out they will shew it by the tumor of the part wherto they are gone and by the depression of that wherefrom they are fled They may bee restored if the diseased hand bee extended upon a table and if the bones shall be dislocated inwards the hand shall bee placed with the palme upwards then the Surgeon shall with the palme of his hand presse downe the eminencies of the bones and force each bone into its place But if the luxation bee outwards he shall lay the palme next to the table and presse it after the same manner To conclude if the luxation shall be toward either side the luxated bones shall be thrust towards the contrary and the restored bones shall be presently conteined in their places with fit remedies binding rowling and carrying the hand in a scarfe CHAP. XXXVII Of the dislocated bones of the After-wrest THere are foure bones in the Palme or After-wrest the two middlemost whereof cannot be dislocated sidewayes because they are hindred and kept from falling aside by the opposition of the parts as it were resisting them Neither can that which answereth to the little finger nor that whereon the forefinger rests bee dislocated towards that side which is next the middle bones whereof wee now spake but onely on the other side freed from the neighbour-hood of the bones but all of them may be dislocated inwardly and outwardly They may be restored as those of the Wrest CHAP. XXXVIII Of the dislocated Fingers ALso the bones of the fingers may bee foure severall waies dislocated in wardly outwardly and towards each side To restore them they must bee laid straight upon a table and so put into joint againe For thus they may bee easily restored by reason their sockets are not deepe and their joints are shorter and ligaments lesse stronge In twelve dayes space they will recover their strength as also those dislocations that happen to the Wrest and After-wrest CHAP. XXXIX Of a dislocated Thigh or Hipp. THe Thigh or Hipp may be dislocated and fall forth towards all the foure parts But most frequently inwards next to that outwards but very seldom either forwards or backwards A subluxation cannot happen in this joint as neither in the shoulder especially from an externall cause contrary to which it usually happens in the elbow hand knee and foot The cause hereof is for that the heads of the thigh and shoulder-bone are exactly round and the sockets which receive them have certaine borders and edges encompassing them hereunto may be added that strong muscles encompasse each dearticulation so that it cannot come to passe that part of the heads of such bones may bee conteined in the cavity and other parts stand or fall forth but that they will quickly bee restored to their places by the motion and wheeling about of the joint and the strength of the encompassing muscles But a subluxation may seeme to happen in these parts from an internall cause For then the ligaments and tyes being softened and relaxed cannot draw and carry back the head of the bone standing forth so far as the edges of the socket If the Hip be dislocated towards the inner part that leg becomes longer and larger than the other but the knee appeares somewhat lower and looks outwardly with the whole foote neither can the patient stand upon his leg To conclude the head of the Thigh-bone bewrayes it selfe lying in the groin with a swelling manifest both to the eye and hand now the legge is longer than that which is sound for that the head of the thigh is out of its socket or cavity and situated lower to wit in the groin therefore the leg is made by so much the larger Now the knee stands forth because necessarily the lower head of the thigh-bone stands contrary to the socket For this is common to all dislocated bones that when as the dislocation happens towards the one side the other end of the bone flyes out to the contrary Whence it is that if the upperhead of the Thigh-bone shall fall inwards then the other head which is at the knee must necessarily looke outwards The like happens in other dislocations The leg cannot be bended towards the groine for that the dislocated bone holds the extending muscles of the same part so stiffely stretched out that they cannot yeeld or apply themselves to the benders For flexion or bending ought to precede extension and extension flexion CHAP. XL. Prognosticks belonging to a dislocated Hipp. THere is this danger in the dislocations of the Hipp that either the bone cannot bee put into the place againe at least unlesse with very much trouble or else being put in that it may presently fall out againe For if the tendons of the muscles the ligaments and other nervous parts of the member be hard and strong they by reason of their contumacy and stiffenesse will hardly suffer the bone to returne to its place If that they bee soft loose effeminate and weake they will not containe the restored bone in its place Neither will it be any better contained if that short but yet strong and round ligament which fastens the head of the Thigh-bone on the inside in the Socket or Cavity of the huckle bone bee broken or relaxed Now it may be broken by some violent shocke or accident it may bee relaxed by the congestion and long stay of some excrementitious tough and viscous humour lying about the joint through which meanes it waxeth soft But if it be broken how often soever the bone be restored it will presently fall out againe If it bee relaxed there is onely this hope to containe the restored bone that is to consume and draw away the heaped up humidity by application of medicines and Cauteries of both kindes for which purpose those are more effectuall which doe actually burne for that they dry and strengthen more powerfully Leanenesse of the body and the want of Aponeuroses that is of broad tendont and externall ligaments wherof many encompasse the knee encreases the difficulty of containing it in the place But the parts adjoyning to the dislocated not set bone fall away by little little and consume with an Atrophia or
want of nourishment both because the part it self is forced to desist from the accustomed actions and functions as also for that the veines arteries and nerves being more straitned and put out of their places hinder the spirits and nourishment from flowing so freely as they ought to the part whence it comes to passe that the part it self made more weak the native heat being debilitated through idlenesse it can neither attract the alimentary juice neither can it digest assimulate that little therof which flowes and falleth thereto Verily the Thigh-bone as long as it is forth of the cavity growes no more after the manner as the other bones of the body doe and therefore in some space of time you may perceive it to bee shorter than the sound bone Notwithstanding the bones of the legge and foote are not hindered of their growth for that they are not out of their proper places Now for that the whole leg appears more slender you must think that happens only by the extenuation leannesse of the proper muscles thereof The same thing happens to the whole hand in the largest acception when as the shoulder is out of joint unlesse that the calamity and losse hereof is the lesse For the shoulder being forth of joint you may do something with your hand whereby it will come to passe that no small portion of nourishment may flow downe into these parts But the Thigh-bone being dislocated especially inwards in a child unborn or an infant much lesse alimentary nourishment flowes to that part because it can much lesse use the foot and legge by reason of the dislocation of the Hipp than it can doe the hand by a luxation of the shoulder But now wee must thus understand that which is said by Hippocrates That dislocated bones and not restored doe decrease or are hindred from their just growth to bee onely in those who have not yet attained to their full and naturally appointed growth in every demension For in men of full growth the bones which are not restored become more slender but yet no shorter as appeares by that which hee hath delivered of the shoulder CHAP. XLI Of the signes of the Hipp dislocated outwardly or inwardly THe thigh-bone or Hipp when it is dislocated outwardly and not restored after some time the paine is asswaged and flesh growes about it the head of the bone weares it selfe a new cavity in the adjoyning Hipp whereinto it betakes it selfe so that at the length the patients may go without a staffe neither so deformed a leannesse will waste their legge But if the luxation happen inwards a greater leannesse will befall them by reason that the vessels naturally run more inwardly as Galen observes in the dislocation of the Vertebrae to the inside therefore it comes to passe that they are more grievously oppressed besides the thigh-bone cannot wagge or once stirre against the share-bone wherefore if the bone thus dislocated bee not restored to its joynt againe then they must cast their legge about as they walke just as wee see oxen doe Wherefore the sound legge whilest they go takes much lesse space than the lame because this whilest it stirreth or moveth must necessarily fetch a compasse about but that performeth its motion in a right line Besides whilest the patients stand upon their lame legge to put forwards the sound they are forced to stand crooked whereupon they are forced to stay themselves with a staffe that they fall not Furthermore those who have this bone dislocated either backwards or outwards so that it cannot bee restored have the part it selfe grow stiffe and hard which is the cause why the ham may bee bended without great paine and they may stand and goe upon the tops of their toes besides also when they desire â—o goe faster they are forced to stoope and strengthen themselves by laying their hand on their lame thigh at every step both for that their lame legge is the shorter as also because the whole weight of the body should not lye wholly or perpendicularly upon the joynt or head of the thigh-bone Yet in continuance of time when they are used to it they may goe without any staffe in their hands Yet in the interim the sound leg becomes more deformed in the composure figure because whilest it succours the opposite and lame leg by the firme standing on the ground it beares the weight of the whole body in performance wherereof the ham must necessarily now and then bend But on the contrary when as the head of the thigh being dislocated inwards is not put into the joynt if the patient be arrived at his full growth after that the head of the bone hath made it selfe a cavity in the neighbouring bone wherein it may rest he may bee able to walke without a staffe because the dislocated leg cannot easily be bended towards the groine or ham and he will sooner rest upon his heele than upon his toes This kinde of dislocation if it bee inveterate can never be restored And these things happen when as the thigh-bone is dislocated inwards or when the internall ligament which fastens the dearticulation shall be broken or relaxed But the contrary shall plainely appeare if the dislocation shall happen to bee outwards for then the lame legge becomes the shorter because the head of the thigh flyes into a place higher than its cavity and the muscles of that part are contracted towards their originall and convulsively draw the bone upwards together with them The whole leg together with the knee and foot looketh inwards they cannot goe upon their heels but upon the setting on of the toes The legge may bee bended which it cannot bee in a dislocation of the thigh inwards as Paulus shewes Therefore wee must diligently observe that sentence of Hippocrates which is read with a negative in these words Sed neque conflectere quemadmodum sanum crus possunt that they ought to bee read with an affirmative after this manner Sed conflectere c. quin crue ipsum c. But now the lame legge will better sustaine the weight of the body in an externall than in an internall dislocation for then the head of the thigh is more perpendicularly subject to the whole weight of the body Therefore when in successe of time it shall by wearing have made it selfe a cavity in the neighbouring bone which in time will be confirmed so that there will remaine no hope of restoring the dislocation neverthelesse the patient shall be able to goe without a staffe for that then no sense of paine will trouble him whence it followes that the whole leg also will become lesse leane for that going is lesse painfull neither are the vessels so much pressed as in that dislocation which is made inwardly CHAP. XLII Of the thigh-bone dislocated forewards IT seldome happeneth that the thigh is dislocated forwards yet when as it shall happen it is knowne by these signes The head of the
especially whereto it fell being made somwhat flat round resembling the whirl-bone its self and it shall bee bound on with ligatures and medicines so fast that it may not stirre a jot After the part shall seeme to have had sufficient rest it is fit that the patient try and accustome by little and little to bend his knee untill at length hee shall find that he may easily and safely move that joint CHAP. XLIX Of the dislocated Knee THe knee also may be dislocated three manner of waies that is into the inner outer and hinde part but very seldom towards the foreside and that not without some grievous and forcible violence for the Whirle-bone lying upon it hinders it from slipping out and holds it in The other wayes are easie because the cavity of the leg-bone is superficiary and very smooth but the cavity of the lower end of the thigh-bone is made in the maner of a spout or gutter besids the head therof is very smooth and slippery but the whole joint is much more laxe than the joint of the Elbow so that as it may be the more easily dislocated so may it the better be restored and as it may be the more easily so may it be the more safely dislocated for that inflammation is lesse to bee feared here as it is observed by Hippocrates Falls from high leaping and too violent running are the causes of this dislocation The signe thereof is the disability of bending or lifting up the legge to the thigh so that the patient cannot touch his buttocke with his heele The dislocation of the knee which is inwardly and outwardly is restored with indifferent extension and forcing of the bones into their seats from those parts whereunto they have fallen But to restore a dislocation made backwards the patient shall be placed upon a bench of an indifferent height so that the Surgeon may be behind him who may bend with both his hands bring to his buttocks the patients leg put betwixt his owne legges But if the restitution doe not thus succeed you must make a clew of yearn and fasten it upon the midst of a staffe let one put this into the cavity of his ham upon the place whereas the bone stands out and so force it forwards then let another cast a ligature of some three fingers breadth upon his knee and draw it upwards with his hands then presently and at once they all shall so bend and crooke the lame legge that the heele thereof may touch his buttocks CHAP. L. Of a knee dislocated forewards BUt if the knee bee dislocated forwards which seldome happens the patient shall be placed upon a table and a convenient ligation made above and another close beneath the knee Then the Surgeon shall so long presse downe with both his hands the bone which is out of joint untill it shall returne to its place againe To which purpose if the strength of the hand will not serve to make just extension each way you may make use of our engine as you may perceive by this following figure A figure shewing the manner of restoring a knee dislocated forwards You shall know that the bone is restored by the free and painelesse extension of the legge then will their bee place for medicines boulsters and strengthening ligatures In the meane space the patient shall forbeare going so long as the part shall seeme to require CHAP. LI. Of the separation of the greater and lesser Focile THe Fibula or lesser Focile is fastened and adheres to the Tibia leg bone or greater Focile without any cavity above at the knee and below at the ankle But it may bee pluckt or drawne aside three manner of waies that is forwards and to each side this chance happens when in going we take no sure footing so that wee slip with our feete this way and that way as in 〈◊〉 slippery place and so wrest it inwards or outwards for then the weight of our body lying upon it drawes the legge as it were infunder so that the one Focile is dislocated or separated from the other The same may happen by a fall from an high place or some grievous and bruising blow besides also their appendices are somtimes separated from them For the restoring of all these into their proper places it is fit they bee drawne and forced by the hand of the Surgeon into their seats then shall they be straitly bound up putting compresses to that part unto which the Fibula flew beginning also your ligation at the very luxation for the forementioned reasons The patient shall rest forty daies to wit as long as shall bee sufficient for the strengthening of the ligaments CHAP. LII Of the Leg-bone or greater Focile dislocated and divided from the Pasterne bone ALso the Leg-bone is sometimes dislocated and divided from the pasterne bone as well inwardly as outwardly which may bee knowne by the swelling out of the bone to this or that part if it be onely a subluxation or straine it may bee easily restored by gently forcing it into the place againe After the bone shall be restored it shall be kept so by compresses and fit deligation by crosse and contrary binding to the side opposite to that towards which the bone fell that so also in some measure it may bee more and more forced into its place In the mean time you must have a care that you doe not too straitly presse the great and large tendon which is at the heele This kinde of dislocation is restored in forty dayes unlesse some accident happen which may hinder it CHAP. LIII Of the dislocation of the Heele WHosoever leaping from an high place have fallen very heavie upon their heele have their heele dislocated and divided from the pasterne bone This dislocation happens more frequently inwardly than outwardly because the prominency of the lesser Focile embraces the pasterne bone whence it is that there it is more straitly and firmely knit It is restored by extension and forcing it in which will be no very difficult matter unlesse some great defluxion or inflammation hinder it For the binding up it must bee straitest in the part affected that so the bloud may be pressed from thence into the neighbouring parts yet using such a moderation that it may not bee painefull nor presse more straitly than is fit the nerves and grosse tendon which runnes to the heele This dislocation is not confirmed before the fortieth day though nothing happen which may hinder it Yet usually it happeneth that many symptomes ensue by the vehemency of the contusion Wherefore it will not be amisse to handle them in a particular chapter CHAP. LIV. Of the Symptomes which follow upon the contusion of the Heel IT happeneth by the vehemency of this contusion that the veines and arteries do as it were vomit up bloud both through the secret passages of their coates as also by their ends or orifices whence an
vessels cast it forth that cure is not unprofitable which having used medicines respecting the whole body applyes astringent medicines to the shaved crown as Empl. contra rupturam which may streighten the veines and as it were suspend the phlegme useth cupping and commands frictions to bee made towards the hinde part of the head and lastly maketh a Seton in the necke There are some who cauterize the toppe of the crowne with a hot iron even to the bone so that it may cast a scaile thus to divert and stay the defluxion For locall medicines a Collyrium made with a good quantity of rosewater with a little vitrioll dissolved therein may serve for all CHAP. XII Of the Ophthalmia or inflammation of the Eyes AN Ophthalmia is an inflammation of the coate Adnata and consequently of the whole eye being troublesome by the heate rednesse beating renitency and lastly paine It hath its originall either by some primitive cause or occasion as a fall stroake dust or small sand flying into the eyes For the eye is a smooth part so that it is easily offended by rough things as saith Hippocrates lib. de carnibus Or by an antecedent cause as a defluxion falling upon the eyes The signes follow the nature of the materiall cause for from blood especially cholerike and thin it is full of heat rednesse and paine from the same allayed with phlegme all of them are more remisse But if a heavinesse possess the whole head the original of the disease proceeds therfrom But if a hot pain trouble the forehead the disease may be thought to proceed from some hot distemper of the Dura water or the pericranium but if in the very time of the raging of the disease the patient vomit the matter of the disease proceeds from the stomacke But from whence soever it commeth there is scarce that paine of any part of the body which may be compared to the paine of the inflamed eyes Verily the greatnesse of the inflammation hath forced the eyes out of their orbe and broken them asunder in divers Therefore there is no part of Physicke more blazed abroad than for sore eyes For the cure the Surgeon shall consider and intend three things diet the evacuation of the antecedent and conjunct cause and the overcomming it by topicke remedies The diet shall bee moderate eschewing all things that may fill the head with vapours and those things used that by astriction may strengthen the orifice of the ventricle and prohibite the vapours from flying up to the head the patient shall bee forbidden the use of wine unlesse peradventure the disease may proceed from a grosse and viscide humour as Galen delivers it The evacuation of the matter flowing into the eye shall bee performed by purging medicines phlebotomy in the arm cupping the shoulders and neck with scarification and without and lastly by frictions as the Physitian that hath undertaken the cure shall thinke it fit Galen after universall remedies for old inflammations of the eyes commends the opening of the veines and arteryes in the forehead and temples because for the most part the vessels therabouts distended with acride hot and vaporous blood cause great vehement paines in the eye For the impugning of the conjunct cause divers topick medicines shall be applyed according to the four sundry times or seasons that every phlegmon usually hath For in the beginning when as the acride matter flowes downe with much violence repercussives doe much conduce 〈◊〉 and tempred with resolving medicines are good also in the encrease ℞ aq ros et plantag an ℥ ss mucagin gum Tragacanth ʒii album ovi quod sufficit fiat collyrium let it bee dropped warme into the eye and let a double cloth dipped in the same collyrium bee put upon it Or ℞ mucag. sem psil cydon extractae in aq plant an ℥ ss aq solan lactis muliebris an ℥ i. trochise alb rha ℈ i. fiat collyrium use this like the former The veins of the templesmay be streightene◠by the following medicine ℞ bol arm sang drac mast an ℥ i. ss alb ovi aquae ros acet an ℥ i. tereb lot ol cidon an ℥ ss fiat defensivum You may also use ungde Bolo empl diacal or contrarupturam dissolved in oyle of myrtles and a little vineger But if the bitternesse of the paine be intolerable the following cataplasme shall be applyed ℞ medul pomor sub ciner coctorum ℥ iii. lactis muliebris ℥ ss let it be applyed to the eye the formerly prescribed collyrium being first dropped in Or ℞ mucag sem psil cidon an ℥ ss micae panis albi in lacte infusi ℥ ii aquae ros ℥ ss fiat cataplasma The bloud of a turtle Dove Pigeon or Hen drawne by opening a veine under the wings dropped into the eye asswageth paine Baths are not onely anodine but also stay the defluxion by diverting the matter thereof by sweats therefore Galen much commends them in such defluxions of the eyes as come by fits In the state when as the paine is either quite taken away or asswaged you may use the following medicines ℞ sarcocol in lacte muliebri nutritae ʒi aloës lotain aq rofar ℈ ii trochis alb rha ʒss sacchar cand ʒii aquae ros ℥ iii. fiat collyrium Or ℞ sem faeniculi fanug an ʒii flo chamae melil an m. ss coquantur in aq com ad ℥ iii. colaturae adde tuthiae praep sareoc nutritae in lacte muliebri an ʒi ss sacchari cand ℥ ss fiat collyrium ut artis est In the declination the eye shall be fomented with a carminative decoction and then this collyrium dropped thereinto ℞ nutritaeʒii aloës myrrh an ʒi aq ros euphrag an ℥ ii fiat collyrium ut artis est CHAP. XIII Of the Proptosis that is the falling or starting forth of the eye and of the Phthisis and Chemosis of the same THe Greekes call that affect Proptosis the Latines procidentia or Exitus oculi when as the eye stands and is cast out of the orbe by the occasion of a matter filling and lifting up the eye into a greater bignesse and largenesse of substance The cause of this disease is sometimes externall as by too violent strayning to vomit by hard labour in child-birth by excessive and wondrous violent shouting or crying out It sometimes happeneth that a great and cruell paine of the head or the too strait binding of the forehead and temples for the easing thereof or the palsie of the muscles of the eye give beginning to this disease Certainely sometimes the eye is so much distended by the defluxion of humors that it breakes in sunder and the humours thereof are shed and blindenesse enfues thereof as I remember befell the sister of Lewis de Billy merchant dwelling at Paris near S. Michael's bridg The cure shall be diversified according to the causes
his jawes wherefore let him feed upon liquid meats as ponado barly cream cullisses gellyes reare egs and other meates of the like nature At the end of eight dayes the ligature that binds up his eyes shall be loosed and his eyes washed with rose water and putting on spectacles or some taffaty the patient shall by little and little accustome himselfe to the light lest hee should bee offended by the sudden meeting with light But if the suffusion after some short while after lift it selfe up againe it must bee couched againe but through a new hole for the eye is pained and tender in the former place It sometimes happens by the touch of the needle that the Cataract is not couched whole but is broken into many peeces then therefore each of them must be followed and couched severally if there be any very small particle which scapes the needle it must bee let alone for there is no doubt but that in processe of time it may be dissolved by the force of the native heat There are also some Cataracts which at the first touch of the needle are diffused turne into a substance like to milke or troubled water for that they are not throughly ripe yet these put us in good hope of recovery and it bee but for this that they can never afterwards concrete into one body as before Wherefore at the length they are also discussed by the strength of the native heat and then the eye recovers its former splendor If that any other symptomes come unlooked for they shall be helped by new counsels and their appropriate remedies CHAP. XXIII Of the stopping of the passage of the eares and the falling of things thereinto IT sometimes happeneth that children are born without any holes in their eares a certaine fleshy or membranous substance growing in their bottome or first entrance The same may also happen afterwards by accident they being ulcerated by some impostume or wound and the eare shut up by some fleshy excrescence or scar When as the stopping is in the bottome of the cavity the cure is more difficult than if it were in the first entrance But there is a double way of cure for this substance whatsoever it be must either be cut out or else eaten away and consumed by acrid and catheriticke medicines in performance of which there is need of great moderation of the mind and hand For it is a part endued with most exquisite sence and neare the braine wherefore by handling it too roughly there is feare of distension of the nerves and consequently of death Sometimes also the preternaturall falling of strange bodies into this passage maketh a stopping of the eares such as are fragments of stones gold silver iron and the like mettals pearles cherry-stones or kernels peafe and other such like pulse Now solid and bonie bodies still retaine the same magnitude but pease seeds and kernels by drawing the moisture there implanted into them swell up and cause vehement pain by the distension of the neighbouring parts wherefore the sooner they are drawne forth the better it is for the patient This shall be done with small pincers and instruments made in the shape of earepicks But if you profit nothing thus then must you use such gymblets as are made for the drawing forth of bullets shot deep into the body Little stones and bodies of the like stony hardnesse shall bee forced forth by the brain provoked to concussion by sneesing by dropping some oyle of almonds first into the passage of the eare that the way may be the more slippery for it will come to passe by this sneesing or violence of the internall aire forcibly seeking passage out that at length they may bee cast forth the mouth and nostrils being stopped with the hand But if wee cannot thus prevaile it remaines that we cut open the passage with an incision knife so much as shall be sufficient for the putting in and using of an instrument for to extract them If any creeping things of little creatures as fleas ticks pismires gnats and the like which sometimes happeneth shall get therein you may kill them by dropping in a little oyle and vineger There is a certaine little creeping thing which for piercing and getting into the eares the French call Perse-oreille wee an Eare-wigge This if it chance to get into the eare may be killed by the foresaid meanes you may also catch it or draw it forth by laying halfe an apple to your eare as a bait for it CHAP. XXIV Of getting of little bones and such like things out of the jawes and throate SOmetimes little bones and such like things in eating greedily use to sticke or as it were fasten themselves in the jawes or throate Such bodies if you can come to the sight of them shall bee taken out with long slender and croked mallets made like a Cranes beake If they do not appear nor there be no means to take them forth they shal be cast forth by causing vomit or with swallowing a crust of bread or a dry fig gently chawed and so swallowed or else they shall be thrust downe into the stomacke or plucked back with a leeke or some other such like long and stiffe crooked body annoynted with oile and thrust downe the throate If any such like thing shall get into the Weazon you must cause coughing by taking sharpe things or else sneesing so to cast forth whatsoever is there troublesome CHAP. XXV Of the Tooth-ache OF all paines there is none which more cruelly tormenteth the patients than the Tooth-ache For wee see them oft-times after the manner of other bones to suffer inflammation which will quickly suppurate and they become rotten and at length fall away piecemeale for wee see them by daily experience to be eaten and hollowed and to breed wormes some portion of them putrefying The cause of such paine is either internall or externall and primitive The internall is a hot or cold defluxion of humours upon them filling their sockets thence consequently driving out the teeth which is the reason that they stand sometimes so farre forth that the patient neither dares nor can make use of them to chaw for feare of paine for that they are loose in their sockets by the relaxation of the gums caused by the falling downe of the defluxion When as they are rotten and perforated even to the roots if any portion of the liquor in drinking fall into them they are pained as if you thrust in a pin or bodkin the bitternesse of the paine is such The signes of a hot defluxion are sharpe and pricking paine as if needles were thrust into them a great pulsation in the roote of the pained tooth and the temples and some ease by the use of cold things Now the signes of a cold defluxion are a great heavinesse of the head much and frequent spitting some mitigation by the use of hot remedies In the bitternesse
too short it cannot cover the glans This happens either by nature to wit by the first conformation or afterwards by some accident as to those whom religion and the custome of their nation bids to be circumcised The cure is thus The Praepuce is turned up and then the inner membrane thereof is cut round and great care is had that the veine and artery which are there betweene the two membranes of the Praepuce be not cut in sunder Hence it is drawn downward by extension untill it cover the glans a deficcative emplaster being first put between it and the glans lest they should grow together Then a pipe being first put into the urinary passage the praepuce shall be there bound untill the incision be cicatrized This cure is used to the Jewes when having abjured their religion full of superstitions for handsomnesse sake they would cover the nut of their yard with a praepuce and so recover their cut off skinne CHAP. XXXII Of Phymosis and Paraphymosis that is so great a constriction of the praepuce about the Glans or Nut that it cannot be bared or uncovered at Pleasure THe prepuce is straitened about the Glans two waies for it either covers the whole nut so straitly encompasses the end therof that it cannot be drawne upwards and consequently the nut cannot be uncovered or else it leaves the Glans bare under it being fastened so stiffely to the roots thereof that it cannot bee turned up nor drawn down or over the Glans The first manner of constriction is termed Phymosis the latter Paraphymosis The Phymosis happens either by the fault of the first conformation or else by a scarre through which occasion the praepuce hath growne lesser as by the growing of warts Now Paraphymosis is often occasioned by the inflammation of the yard by impure copulation for hence ulcers breed betweene the praepuce and Glans with swelling and so great inflammation that the praepuce cannot bee turned backe Whence it is that they cannot bee handled and cured as you would and a gangrene of the part may follow which may by the contagion bring death to all the body unless it be hindred prevented by amputation but if a scar be the cause of the constriction of the praepuce the patient being plac'd in a convenient site let the praepuce be drawne forth and extended and as much as may be stretched and enlarged then let the scarre be gently cut in three or foure places on the inner side with a crooked knife but so that the gashes come not to the outside and let them be an equall distance each from other But if a fleshy excrescence or a wart shall be the occasion of this straitnesse and constriction it shall be consumed by the same remedies by which the warts of the wombe and yard are consumed or taken off But when as the praepuce doth closely adhere to the Glans on every side the cure is not to be hoped for much lesse to be attempted CHAP. XXXIII Of those whose Glans is not rightly perforated and of the too short or strait ligament bridle or Cord of the yard SOme at their birth by evill conformation have not their Glans perforated in the middle but have only a small hole underneath toward the bridle ligament of the yard called the cord Which is the cause that they do not make water in a strait line unlesse they turn up their yard toward their belly neither by the same reason can they beget children because through this fault of conformation the seed is hindred from being cast directly into the wombe The cure is wholly chirurgicall and is thus performed The praepuce is taken hold of and extended with the left hand but with the right hand the extremity thereof with the end of the Glans is cut even to that hole which is underneath But such as have the bridle or ligament of the yard too short so that the yard cannot stand straight but crooked and as it were turned downewards in these also the generation of children is hindred because the seed cannot be cast directly and plentifully into the wombe Therefore this ligament must be cut with much de xterity and the wound cured after the manner of other wounds having regard to the part Children also are sometimes borne into the world with their fundaments unperforated for a skinne preternaturally covering the part hinders the passage forth of the excrements those must have a passage made by art with an instrument for so at length the excrements will come forth yet I have found by experience that such children are not naturally long lived neither to live many dayes after such section CHAP. XXXIV Of the causes of the stone THE stones which are in the bladder have for the most part had their first originall in the reines or kidneys to wit falling down from thence by the ureters into the bladder The cause of these is twofold that is materiall and efficient Grosse tough and viscide humours which crudities produce by the distempers of the bowels and immoderate exercises chiefly immediately after meat yeeld matter for the stone whence it is that children are more subject to this disease than those of other ages But the efficient cause is either the immoderate heate of the kidneys by meanes whereof the subtler part of the humors is resolved but the grosser and more earthy subsides and is hardened as we see bricks hardened by the sun and fire or the more remisse heat of the bladder sufficient to bake into a stone the faces or dregges of the urine gathered in great plenty in the capacity of the bladder The straightnesse of the ureters and urenary passage may be accounted as an assistant cause For by this meanes the thinner portion of the urine floweth forth but that which is more feculent and muddy being stayed behind groweth as by scaile upon scaile by addition and collection of new matter into a stony masse And as a weeke often-times dipped by the Chandler into melted tallow by the copious adhesion of the tallowy substance presently becomes a large candle thus the more grosse and viscide faeces of the urine stay as it were at the barres of the gathered gravell and by their continuall appulse are at length wrought and fashioned into a true stone CHAP. XXXV Of the signes of the stone of the Kidneys and bladder THE signes of the stone in the reines are the subsiding of red or yellow sand in the urine a certaine obscure itching at the kidneys and the sense of a weight or heavinesse at the loynes a sharp and pricking paine in moving or bending the body a numnesse of the thigh of the same side by reason of the compression caused by the stone of the nerves discending out of the vertebrae of the loynes of the thigh But when the stone is in the bladder the fundament and whole perinaeum is
pressed as it were with a heavie weight especially if the stone be of any bignesse a troublesome pricking pain runs to the very end of the yard and there is a continuall itching of that part with a desire to scratch it hence also by the paine and heat there is a tension of the yarde and a frequent and needlesse desire to make water and sometimes their urine commeth from them drop by drop A most grievous paine torments the patient in making water which he is forced to shew by stamping with his feet bending of his whole body and the grating of his teeth He is oft times so tormented with excesse of paine that the Sphincter being relaxed the right gut falleth downe accompanied with the swelling heate and paine of the Haemorrhoid veines of that place The cause of such tormentis the frequent striving of the bladder to expell the stone wholly contrary to the nature thereof whereto by sympathy the expulsive faculty of the guts and all their parts of the belly come as it were for supply The sediment of the urine is grosse viscid and oft-times like the whites of egs which argueth the weaknesse of the native heate not attenuating the juices The patient looketh of a pale and yellowish complexion and hollow eyed by reason of the almost continuall watching which is caused by the bitternesse of paine yet may it more certainely be knowne by putting in or searching with a Cathaeter Which to doe the patient shall bee wished to stand with his body somewhat stooping leaning against somewhat with his backe and holding his knees some foot asunder Then the Cathaeter being bigger or lesser as the body shall require and anointed with oyle or butter shall bee thrust with a skilfull hand into the passage of the urine and so into the capacity of the bladder But if the Cathaeter cannot come to that capacity the patient shall be placed in such a posture then shall he be layd upon his backe on a bench or the feet of a bed with his knees bended and his heeles drawn to his buttocks after which manner he must almost lie when he is to be cut for the stone as shall be shewen hereafter For thus the Cathaeter is more easily thrust into the bladder and shewes there is a stone by the meeting and obscure sound of the obvious hard and resisting body You must have sundry Cashaeters that they may serve for every body bigger and lesser and these must be crooked smooth and hollow When being thrust into the urenary passage which before unawares I omitted they come to the necke of the bladder they must not be thrust streight into the bladder but taking hold of the yard with the left hand they must bee gently thrust with the right directly into the bladder especially in men by reason of the length and crookednesse of the way which trends in the forme of this letter S. It is not so in women by reason of the shortnesse and straitnesse of the necke of the bladder It is fit your Cathaeters bee hollow or fistulous in manner of a pipe that they may receive a silver wiar or string that may hinder the grosse and viscide humour clotted blood or the like from stopping the further end of the Cathaeter through which the suppressed urine ought to passe be made But now assoon as we perceive that the Cathaeter is come into the capacity of the bladder the wiar must be drawn forth that so the urine may the freelier flow out by the hollownesse of the Cathaeter You may perceive the shapes of these instruments by this following figure The figure of Cathaeters and of a silver string or wiar CHAP. XXXVI Prognostickes in the stone WHen the stone is cast forth of the kidney whereas it bred by little and little and is so driven into one of the ureters that it wholly stop it yet thereupon there followeth no suppression of the urine for seeing nature hath made divers parts of our body double all the urine floweth into the other ureter But if they shall bee both stopped with stones there is no doubt but the urine will bee wholly supprest and death ensue by the suffocation and extinction of the native heat by the urine flowing back by the rivelits of the veines over all the whole body Such as have a small stone cast forth of their reines into the cavity of the ureters these untill this stone be fallen into the bladder have cruell paine with gripings with often desire to go to stoole and make water but oft-times do neither For such oft-times have their bellies distended with flatulencies an argument hereof is their continuall belching or breaking of wind But by sneesing coughing or any other concussion of the whole body a pricking paine is forthwith felt whereas the stone stops especially if it be either rough or have sharpe points like hornes This paine is communicated to the hip and thigh by sympathie and some have the stones drawne up as it were with great violence To these may bee added the Colicke cholericke vomiting and almost a generall sweat The stone in the kidnies is most commonly bred in such as are ancient by reason of the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty But the stone in the bladder happeneth to such as are more young because the native heat is more vigorous in such and strong and inordinate motions increase the strength of the expulsive facultie When the stone is in the bladder and the urine appeareth bloody it is the signe of a small as also a prickly and rough stone for thus it more casily entreth into the neck of the bladder and exulcerateth it being fleshy whence the blood commeth away with the urine and most cruell paine as of needles thrust into the flesh especially after labour and much exercise on the contrary a larger and more smooth stone will not cause such tormenting paine and it causeth a milkie water The shapes of stones bred in the kidnies are various according to the variety of the strainers through which they passe whilst they are bred Verily I have seen stones which represented the figure of grayhounds hogs and other creatures and things wholly contrary to mans nature by the production of their prickles and as it were branches Some are foure square others longish and like a finger other some of a round figure with many protuberancies like a pine apple kernell neither is the variety lesse in magnitude number and colour for some are yellowish others whitish red ash-coloured or some other like according to the various temper of the affected bodies The stones of cholerick and leane men usually concrete by preternaturall heat and drinesse but those of phlegmaticke or fat bodies of a certaine as it were congelation and obstruction of the passages A stone falling sometimes from the bottome of the bladder into the passage of the urine quite stops it up and thence followeth a totall
in plantaine water and injected into the bladder Let the patient abstaine from wine and instead thereof let him use barly water or hydromel or a ptisan made of an ounce of raisins of the sun stoned and boyled in five pints of faire water in an earthen pipkin well leaded or in a glasse untill one pinte be consumed adding thereto of liquorice scraped and beaten â„¥ i. of the cold seeds likewise beaten two drams Let it after it hath boyled a little more be strayned through an hypocras bagge with a quarterne of sugar and two drams of choice cinamon added thereto and so let it be kept for usuall drinke CHAP. LVI Of the Diabete or inabilty to hold the Urine THe Diabete is a disease wherein presently after one hath drunke the urine is presently made in great plenty by the dissolution of the retentive faculty of the reines and the depravation of immoderation of the attractive faculty The externall causes are the unseasonable and immoderate use of hot and diureticke things and all more violent and vehement exercises The internall causes are the inflammation of the liver lungs spleen but especially of the kidneyes and bladder This affect must be diligently distinguished from the excretion of morbifick causes by urine The loines in this disease are molested with a pricking and biting pain and there is a continuall unquenchable thirst and although this disease proceed from a hot distemper yet the urine is not coloured red troubled or thick but thin and white or waterish by reason the matter thereof makes very small stay in the stomacke liver and hollow veine being presently drawn away by the heat of the kidneyes or bladder If the affect long endure the patient for want of nourishment falleth away whence certaine death ensues For the cure of so great a disease the matter must be purged which causes or feedes the inflammation or phlegmon and consequently blood must be let We must abstain from the foure cold seedes for although they may profit by their first quality yet will they hurt by their diuretick faculty Refrigerating and astringent nourishments must bee used and such as generate grosse humours as Rice thicke and astringent wine mixed with much water Exceeding cold yea Narcotick things shall be applyed to the loins for otherwise by reason of the thickness of the muscles of those parts the force unless of exceeding refrigerating things will not be able to arrive at the reins of this kind are oile of white poppy henbain opium purslain and lettuce seed mandrage vinegar and the like of which cataplasmes plaisters and ointments may be made fit to corroberate the parts and correct the heat CHAP. LVII Of the Strangury THe Strangury is an affect having some affinity with the Diâ—beâ—e as that wherin the water is unvoluntarily made but not together at once but by drops continually and with paine The externall causes of a strangury are the too abundant drinking of cold water all too long stay in a cold place The internall causes are the defluxion of cold humours into the urenary parts for hence they are resolved by a certain palsie and the sphincter of the bladder is relaxed so that he cannot hold his water according to his desire inflammation also all distemper causeth this affect and whatsoever in some sort obstructs the passage of the urine as clotted blood thick phlegme gravell and the like And because according to Galens opinion all sorts of distemper may cause this discase divers medicines shall be appointed according to the difference of the distemper Therfore against a cold distemper fomentations shall be provided of a decoction of mallows roses origanum calamint and the like so applied to the privities then presently after let them be anointed with oile of bayes and of Castoreum and the like Strong and pure wine shall be prescribed for his drinke and that not onely in this cause but also when the Strangury happens by the occasion of obstruction caused by a grosse and cold humor if so be that the body be not plethoricke But if inflammation together with a Plethora or fulnesse hath caused this affect wee may according to Galens advice heale it by blood-letting But if obstruction bee in fault that shall be taken away by diuretickes either hot or cold according to the condition of the matter obstructing We here omit to speake of the Dysuria or difficulty of making water because the remedies are in generall the same with those which are used in the Ischuria or suppression of urine CHAP. LVIII Of the Cholike WHensoever the Guts being obstructed or otherwise affected the excrements are hindred from passing forth if the fault bee in the small guts the affect is termed Volvulus Ileos miserere mei but if it be in the greate rguts it is called the Cholick from the part affected which is the Colon that is the continuity of the greater guts but especially that portion of the greater guts which is properly and especially named Colon or the cholicke Gut Therefore Avicen rightly defines the Cholicke A paine of the Guts wherein the excrements are difficultly evacuated by the fundament Paulus Aegineta reduceth all the causes of the Colicke how various soever to foure heads to wit to the grossenesse or toughnesse of the humours impact in the coates of the guts flatulencies hindred from passage forth the inflammation of the guts and lastly the collection of acride and biting humors Now we will treat of each of these in particular Almost the same causes produce the grossenesse of humors and flatulencies in the guts to wit the use of flatulent and phlegmaticke â—ough and viscide meats yea also of such as are of good nourishment if sundry thereof and of sundry kinds be eaten at the same meale and in greater quantity than is fit For hence crudity and obstruction and at length the collection of flatulencies whereon a tensive paine ensues This kind of Cholick is also caused by the use of crude fruits and too cold drink drunken especially when as any is too hot by exercise or any other way for thus the stomacke and the guts continued thereto are refrigerated and the humours and excrements therein conteined are congealed and as it were bound up The Cholicke which is caused by the inflammation of the kidneyes happens by the Sympathy of the reines pained or troubled with the stone or gravell conteined in them or the ureters Therefore then also paine troubles the patient at his hips and loynes because the nerves which arising from the vertebrae of the loins are oppressed by the weight of the stones and gravell about the joint of the hippe are disseminated into the muscles of the loines and thigh Also the ureters are pained for they seeme nothing else but certaine hollow nerves and also the cremaster muscles so that the patients testicles may seeme to be drawne upwards with much violence Hence great phlegmaticke
and cholericke vomiting and sweat of the whole body all which doe not surcease before that the stone or gravell shall bee forced downe into the bladder Now vomiting happens in this affect for that the ventricle by reason of its continuity and neighbourhood which it hath with the guts suffers by consent or sympathy For the stomacke is of the same kind or matter as the guts are so that the guts seeme nothing else but a certaine production of the stomacke Therefore if at any time nature endeavour to expell any thing that is troublesome in the kidneyes ureters coats of the guts mesentery pancreas and hypochondryes it causeth a Colicke with pain and vomiting A hot and dry distemper also causeth the Colicke producing a pricking and biting paine by drying the excrements shut up in the guts as also by wasting as it were the radical humours of that place provided for the lubricating of the guts Acride viscide and tough phlegme causeth the same There is also another cause of the Collicke which is not so common to wit the twining of the guts that is when they are so twined folded and doubled that the excrements as it were bound in their knots cannot be expelled as it manifestly happens in the rupture called Enterocele by the falling of the guts into the cod Likewise also wormes generated in the Collicke Gut whilest that they mutually fold or twine themselves up doe also twine the Colon it selfe and fold it with them Also the too long stay of the excrements in the guts whether it shall happen by the peculiar default of the too hot and dry body of the patient or by his diet that is the use of too dry meats or exercises and paines taken in the heate of the sunne or by the greatnesse of businesse the minde being carryed away causeth the Collicke with headache and plenty of vapours flying upwards I remember I once dissected the body of a boy of some twelve yeares old who had his guts folded with many as it were tyes or knots of the restrained too hard dry excrements the which he cast out by his mouth a little before his death which brought him to his end being not helped in time by fitting medicines Now these are the causes of the Collick according to the opinion of the ancient and moderne Physicians of whose signes I judge it not amisse here to treat in particular You shall know the patient is troubled with the stone collick by the paine which is fixed and as it were kept in one place to wit of the kidnies by his former manner of life as if the patient hath formerly voyded stones or gravell together with his urine by the paine of the hips and testicles for the formerly mentioned causes lastly by that the patient casts forth by stoole or urine for that the great laborious endeavour of nature to cast forth the stone which is in the kidnies is propagated by a certaine sympathy like study of the neighbouring parts stirring up the expulsive faculties each to his work The signes of a flatulent collick are a tensive pain such as if the guts were rent or torne in pieces together with a noise or rumbling in the belly The force of the shut up wind is sometimes so great that it rendeth or teareth the guts in sunder no otherwise than a swines bladder too hard blown up Which when it happens the patient dyes with much vomiting because the stomack opprest with wind can conteine nor imbrace no meat The collick which is occasioned by the too long keeping in of the excrements is accompanied with the weight and pain of the belly the tension of the guts headach apparent hardness of the belly the complaint of the patient that he hath not gone to stoole in a long time That which proceeds from a cholerick inflammation yeelds a sense of great heat pulsation in the midst of the belly by reason of the veins and arteries which are in the pancreas and coats of the guts and there are the other signes of a Phlegmon although also this as it were inflammation may arise also from salt acride viscous phlegme which nature can neither expel upwards by vomit nor downewards by stool this sundry times is associated with a difficulty of making water for that when as the right gut is inflamed the bladder is pressed by reason of their society or neighbourhood The collick which proceeds from the contorsion of the guts shews it selfe by the excessive cruelty of the paine arising for that the guts are not in their due site and place and because the excrements by their too long detension acquire a preternaturall heat this is the cause of the death of many such as have Ruptures for that the gut falling down from the naturall place into the Cod being a preternatural place is red oubled kept thereas it were bound whereby the excrements being baked becomming more acridly hot cause inflammation and by raising up flatulencies encrease the distension through all the guts untill at length a deadly Ileos or collick arising they come forth at the mouth For prognosticks it is better to have the paine in the collick to wander up and down than to be fixed it is good also that the excrements are not wholly supprest But the evill signes that here appeare pronounce the affect either difficult or deadly Now these shew that it is deadly intolerable tormenting paine continuall vomiting cold sweat coldnesse of the extreme parts hickiting by reason of the sympathy the stomack hath with the guts a Phrensie by the consent of the braine with the stomacke and oft-times a convulsion by drawing the matter into the nerves But such as have griping and pain about their navil and loines which can neither be helped by medicine nor otherwise it ends in a Dropsie The cure must be diversified according to the variety of the causes for the stone collick is cured by medicines proper to the stone that which is caused by an Enterocele is cured by the onely restoring the gut to its place that which is occasioned by wormes requires medicines fit to kill and cast forth the wormes But that which proceeds from the weaknesse and refrigeration of the guts and stomack is cured by neating and strengthening medicines aswell applyed out-wardly as taken in inwardly by the mouth or otherwaies The beginning of the cure of that which is occasioned by tough flegme and flatulencies is by the mitigation of the paine seeing there is nothing which more dejects the powers than paine To this purpose shall you provide bathes Semicupia fomentations of mallowes marsh-mallowes violet leaves penyroyall fennell Origanum the seeds of time and faenugreek flowers of camomill melilore and other such like which have power to heat dry attenuate and rarifie the skin so to dissipate the wind But all such must be actually hot Also the belly may be anointed with this following ointment
than those in whom the matter of the disease is become knotty whereof Ovid thus speaketh Tollere nodosam nescit medicina podagram Physicke cannot the knotty Goute to heale These reasons have induced many to believe that the essence of this disease is unknowne for there is a certaine occult and inexplicable virulency the author of so great malignity and contumacy Which Avicen seemes to acknowledge when hee writes that there is a certaine kinde of Goute whose matter is so acute and maligne that if it at any time bee augmented by the force of anger it may suffice to kill the party by suddaine death Therefore Galen himselfe writes that Treacle must bee used in all Arthriticall and gouty affects and as I think for no other reason than for that it dries wastes and weakens the malignity thereof Gordonius is of the same opinion but addeth withall that the body must be prepared and purged before wee use Treacle Therefore the matter of the gout is a thin and virulent humour yet not contagious offending in quality rather than quantity causing extreme paines and therfore instigating the humours together with the caliginous and flatulent spirits prepared or ready for defluxion upon the affected parts Therefore as the bitings of Aspes and stingings of Waspes cause cruell pain with sudden swelling and blistering which is by the heat of the humours which the poyson hath tainted and not by the simple solution of continuity seeing that we daily see Shoo-makers and Taylors pricking their flesh with aules and needles without having any such symptome Thus the virulencie of the gout causeth intolerable tormenting paine not by the abundance because it happens to many who have the gout no signe of defluxion appearing in the joints but onely by a maligne and inexplicable quality by reason whereof these paines doe not cease unlesse abated by the helpe of medicines or nature or both The recitall of the following histories will give much light to that unexplicable and virulent malignity of the matter causing the gout Whilest King Charles the ninth of happy memory was at Burdeaux there was brought to Chappellaine and Castellan the Kings Physicians and Taste a Physician of Burdeaux Nicholas Lambert and my selfe Surgeons a certaine Gentle woman some forty yeares old exceedingly troubled for many yeares by reason of a tumor scarce equalling the bignesse of a pease on the outside of the joynt of the left Hippe one of her tormenting fits tooke her in my presence shee presently beganne to cry and â—oare and rashly and violently to throw her body this way and that way with motions and gestures above a womans yea a mans nature For shee thrust her head between her legges laid her feete upon her shoulders you would have said shee had beene possessed of the Divell This fit held her some quarter of an houre during all which time I heedfully observed whether the grieved part swelled any bigger than it was accustomed whether there happened any new inflammation but there was no alteration as farre as I could gather by sight or feeling but onely that shee cryed out more loudly when as I touched it The fit passed a great heate tooke her all her body ranne downe with sweat with so great wearinesse and weakenesse of all her members that shee could not so much as stirre her little finger There could bee no suspicion of an Epileptick fit for this woman all the time of her agony did perfectly make use of all her senses did speake discourse and had no convulsion Neither did shee spare any cost or diligence whereby shee might bee cured of her disease by the helpe of Physicians or famous Surgeons she consulted also witches wizzards and charmers so that shee had left nothing unattempted but all art was exceeded by the greatnesse of the disease When I had shewed all these things at our consultation wee all with one consent were of this opinion to apply a potentiall Cautery to the grieved part or the tumour I my selfe applyed it after the fall or the Eschar very blacke and virulent sanies flowed out which freed the woman of her paine and disease for ever after Whence you may gather that the cause of so great evill was a certaine venenate malignity hurting rather by an unexplicable quality than quantity which being overcome and evacuated by the Cautery all paine absolutely ceased Upon the like occasion but on the right arme the wife of the Queenes Coach-man at Amboise consulted Chappellaine Castellaâ— and me earnestly craving ease of her paine for shee was so grievously tormented by fits that through impatiency being carelesse of her selfe shee endeavoured to cast her lelse headlong out of her chamber window for feare whereof shee had a guard put upon her Wee judged that the like monster was to be assaulted with the like weapon neither were we deceived for using a potentiall cautery this had like successe as the former Wherefore the bitternesse of the paine of the gout is not occasioned by the onely weakenesse of the joints for thus the paine should be continuall and alwaies like it self neither is it from the distemper of a simple humour for no such thing happens in other tumours of what kinde soever they be of but it proceeds from a venenate maligne occult and inexplicable quality of the matter wherfore this disease stands in need of a diligent Physician and a painfull Surgeon CHAP. III. Of the manifest causes of the Gout ALthough these things may be true which we have delivered of the occult cause of the gout yet there be and are vulgarly assigned others of which a probable reason may bee rendred wherein this malignity whereof wee have spoken lies hid and is seated Therefore as of many other diseases so also of the gout there are assigned three causes that is the primitive antecedent and conjunct the primitive is two fold one drawn from their first originall and their mothers wombe which happens to such as are generated of gouty parents chiefly if whilest they were conceived this gouty matter did actually abound and fall upon the joynts For the seed falls from all the parts of the body as saith Hippocrates and Aristole affirmes lib. de gener animal Yet this causes not an inevitable necessity of having the gout for as many begot of sound and healthfull parents are taken by the gout by their proper primary default so many live free from this disease whose fathers notwithstanding were troubled therewith It is probable that they have this benefit and priviledge by the goodnesse of their mothers seed and the laudible temper of the womb wherof the one by the mixture the other by the gentle heat may amend and correct the faults of the paternall seed for otherwise the disease would become hereditary and gouty persons would necessarily generate gouty for the seed followeth the temper and complexion of the party generating as it is shewed by Avicen Another primitive cause is
from unordinate diet especially in the use of meat drink exercise and Venerie Lastly by unprofitable humours which are generated and heaped up in the body which in processe of time acquire a virulent malignity for these fill the head with vapours raised up from them whence the membranes nerves and tendons and consequently the joynts become more laxe and weake They offend in feeding who eat much meat and that of sundry kindes at the same meale who drink strong wine without any mixture who sleep presently after meat and which use not moderate exercises for hence a plenitude an obstruction of the vessels crudities and the encrease of excrements especially serous Which if they flow downe unto the joynts without doubt they cause this disease for the joints are weake either by nature or accident in comparison of the other parts of the body by nature as if they be loose and soft from their first originall by accident as by a blow fall hard travelling running in the sun by day in the cold by night racking too frequent venery especially suddenly after meat for thus the heat is dissolved by reason of the dissipation of the spirits caused in the effusion of seed whence many crude humours which by an unseasonable motion are sent into the sinews joints Through this occasion old men because their native heat is the more weak are commonly troubled with the gout Besides also the suppression of excrements accustomed to be avoided at certaine times as the courses haemorrhoides vomit scowring causeth this disease Hence it is that in the opinion of Hippocrates A woman is not troubled with the gout unlesse her courses faile her They are in the same case who have old and running ulcers suddenly healed or vaâ—ices cut and healed unlesse by a strict course of diet they hinder the generation and increase of accustomed excrements Also those which recover of great and long diseases unlesse they be fully and perfectly purged either by nature or art these humours falling into the joynts which are the relicks of the disease make them to become goutie and thus much for the primitive cause The internall or antecedent cause is the abundance of humours the largenesse of the vessels and passages which run to the joynts the strength of the amandating bowels the loosenesse softnesse and imbecility of the receiving joints The conjunct cause is the humour it selfe impact and shut up in the capacities and cavities of the joynts Now the unprofitable humour on every side sent downe by the strength of the expulsive faculty sooner lingers about the joynts for that they are of a cold nature and dense so that once impact in that place it cannot be easily digested and resolved This humour then causeth paine by reason of distension or solution of continnity distemper and besides the virulency and malignity which it acquires But it savours of the nature somtimes of one sometimes of more humors whence the gout is either phlegmonous or â—rysipilatous oedematous or mixt The concourse of flatulencies together with the flowing down humours and as it were tumult by the hinderance of transpiration encreaseth the dolorificke distension in the membranes tendons ligaments and other bodies wherein the joint consists CHAP. IV. Out of what part the matter of the Gout may flow downe upon the joints THE matter of the gout commeth for the most part from the liver or brain that which descends from the braine is phlegmatick serous thin and cleare such as usually drops out of the nose endued with a maligne and venenate quality Now it passeth out by the musculous skin and pericranium as also through that large hole by which the spinall marrow the braines substitute is propagated into the spine by the coats and tendons of the nerves into the spaces of the joints and it is commonly cold That which proceeds from the liver is diffused by the great veine and arteries filled and puffed up and participates of the nature of the foure humours of which the masse of the bloud consists more frequently accompanied with a hot distemper together with a gouty malignity Besides this maner of the gout which is caused by defluxion there is another which is by congestion as when the too weak digestive faculty of the joints cannot assimulate the juices sent to them CHAP. V. The signes of the arthritick humour flowing from the braine WHen the defluxion is at hand there is a heavinesse of the head a desire to rest and a dulnesse with the paine of the outer parts then chiefly perceptible when the hairs are turned up or backwards moreover the musculous skin of the head is puffed up as swolne with a certain oedematous tumour the patients seem to be much different from themselves by reason of the functions of the minde hurt by the malignity of the humour from whence the naturall faculties are not free as the crudities of the stomack and the frequent and acride belchings may testifie CHAP. VI. The signes of a gouty humour proceeding from the liver THe right Hypocondrie is hot in such gouty persons yea the inner parts are much heated by the bowell bloud and choler carry the sway the veins are large and swoln a defluxion suddenly falls down especially if there be a greater quantity of choler than of other humours in the masse of the bloud But if as it often falls out the whole bloud by meanes of crudities degenerate into phlegme and a wheyish humour then will it come to passe that the gout also which proceeds from the liver may be pituitous or phlegmatick and participate of the nature of an oedema like that which proceeds from the braine As if the same masse of bloud decline towards melancholy the gout which thence ariseth resembles the nature of a scirrhus yet that can scarce happen that melancholy by reason of the thicknesse and slownesse to motion may fall upon the joynts Yet notwithstanding because we speake of that which may bee of these it will not bee unprofitable briefly to distinguish the signes of each humour and the differences of gouts to be deduced from thence CHAP. VII By what signes we may understand this or that humour to accompany the gouty malignity YOu may give a guesse hereat by the patients age temper season of the yeare condition of the country where he lives his diet and condition of life the encrease of the paine in the morning noone evening or night by the propriety of the beating pricking sharpe or dull paine by numness as in a melancholy gout or itching as in that which is caused by tough phlegme by the sensible appearance of the part in shape and colour as for example sake in a phlegmaticke gout the colour of the affected part is very little changed from its selfe and the neighbouring well parts in a sanguine gout it lookes red in a cholerick it is fiery or pale in a melancholy livid or blackish by the heat
to doe then let them wash their feete in the Muste or new pressed Wine Also bagges may be thus made for the same purpose â„ž salis com alum roch cort granat sumach berberis nucum cupressi an â„¥ iiii fol. salviae rorisâ—ar rosar rub an m. ss Let them be all put in linnen bags and boyled in Lye and so make a decoction for to foment the joynts CHAP. XIIII Of the Palliative Cure of the Goute and the materiall causes thereof HERE also must we consider the causes whence this disease proceeds the temper of the diseased body the parts affected those from whence it proceeds For as these are not alwayes alike so neither can one and the like remedy be usefull in every Goute For first those which proceed of a cold cause require other remedies than those which arise from a hot and that which proceeds from any one simple humour than that which ariseth from divers mixed together For Choler alone causeth cruell paines but tempered by the admixture of Phlegme it becomes more gentle Furthermore some remedies are good in the beginning some in the encrease and some at other times Neither may we use repercussives in the Sciatica as we may in the Goute of the feet and other joints unlesse peradventure the part be fearefully enflamed Taking these things to consideration we must observe that the Palliative cure of that Gout which cannot absolutely be helped as that which is hereditary and inveterate is performed by foure scopes The first is by appointing a convenient diet in the sixe things which are termed not naturall The second by evacuating and diverting the antecedent matter both by purging and phlebotomy The third by applying topicke medicines according to the condition of the morbificke humour and nature of the part The fourth by correcting the symptomes but especially the paine whereof in these affects there is oft times so great excesse by reason of the unexplicable and invincible malignity of the virulent quality associating the humour that it alone is oft times sufficient to kill the patient And because the variety of morbificke causes brings a variety of remedies fitted to these foure intentions therefore it behoves a physitian to be most attentive in the distinction of the causes For he may be easily deceived and mistake one for another for arthritick pains proceeding from a cold matter if they be mitigated by the application of Narcoticke and cold medicines it may induce us to beleeve that the materiall cause is hot though really it bee not so for Narcotickes asswage paine not for that they are contrary to the cause thereof but because they take away the sense by inducing a numnesse on the contrary the materiall cause may sometimes seeme cold which notwithstanding is hot for that it becoms better by application of hot medicines that is by taking an argument from that which helps because contraries are cured by contraries and the like preserved by the like But herein consists the error for that hot medicines profit not by their contrariety but by the attenuation of the grosse matter by the rarefaction of the skin and dissipating them into aire Whence you may gather that an argument drawne from that which helpes and hurts is very deceitfull moreover it may happen that a large quantity of cold matter flowing down from the brain may cause great pain by reason of the virulency a small quantity of choler mixed therwith which serves for a vehicle to carry down the tough and slow phlegme into the joints whence the patient becomes thirsty and feavourish by reason of the heate and inflammation of these parts whereby such as are lesse cautelous and heedy will easily be induced to beleeve that some hot matter is the occasion of this Gout Now when as not some one simple humour but different by reason of mixture causeth the Gout the yellowish colour of the part may deceive one as if the evill matter should proceed from choler onely which by the tenuity of its substance leaving the center easily possesseth the circumference of the body or part notwithstanding much phlegm being as it were enraged by the admixtion of a little choler may be the chiefe cause of the disease and may peradventure be discovered by the encrease of paine in the night season A feaver arising by meanes of paine and watching may encrease the conceived opinion of choler which attenuating and diffusing the humours drives them into the joynts and causeth fiery urines tinctured with much choller and a quicke pulse Yet notwithstanding the Physitian shall be in errour if deceived with these appearances he attempt the cure of this Gout as arising from a hot and not from a cold cause yet I am not ignorant that the cure of the proper disease must be neglected for the cure of the symptomes Besides also it may come to passe that choler may be the cause of the Gout and notwithstanding no signes therof may appeare in the skin and surface of the affected part because the coldness of the ambient aire and the force of applyed Narcoticks may have destroyed the colour of the juices lying therunder and as it were imprinted a certain blacknesse It also happens that the body being overcharged with a great quantity of grosse and viscide humours the expulsive faculty may discharge some portion thereof unto the joints but leave the rest impact in the cavity of some entraile where causing obstruction and putrefaction may presently cause a feaver and that intermitting if it be small obstruct only the lesser veins these of the habit of the body Wherefore then it is not sufficient that the Physitian employ himselfe in the cure of the Gout but it behoves him much more to attend the cure of the feaver which if it bee continuall it discredites the physitian and endangers the patient if it bee intermitting it easily becomes continuall unlesse it be withstood with fit remedies that is unlesse you let blood the belly being first gently purged and nature be presently freed by a stronger purge of the troublesome burden of the humours Now it is convenient the purge be somewhat stronger than ordinary for if it should bee too weake it will stir up the humors but not carry them away they thus agitated will fall into the pained and weak joints and cause the Gout to encrease By this it appeares how deceitfull that conjecture is which relyes is grounded on one signe as often as we must pronounce judgement of morbificke causes Wherefore to conclude wee must thinke that opinion most certaine concerning the matter of the disease which is strengthened with multiplicity of signes as those which are drawne from the colour of the part the heate or coldnesse manifest to the touch those things that helpe and hurt the patients familiar and usuall diet temper age region season of they yeare propriety of paine the exacerbation or excess thereof
Guts the wormes doe lurk you must note that when they are in the small guts the patients complain of a paine in their stomacke with a dogge-like appetite whereby they require many and severall things without reason a great part of the nourishment being consumed by the wormes lying there they are also subject to often fainting by reason of the sympathy which the stomacke being a part of most exquisite sense hath with the heart the nose itches the breath stinkes by reason of the exhalations sent up from the meat corrupting in the stomacke through which occasion they are also given to sleep but are now and then waked therefrom by suddaine startings and feares they are held with a continued and slow feaver a dry cough a winking with their eielids and often changing of the colour of their faces But long and broad wormes being the innates of the greater guts shew themselves by stooles replenished with many sloughes here and there resembling the seedes of a Musk-melon or cucumber Ascarides are knowne by the itching they cause in the fundament causing a sense as if it were Ants running up and downe causing also a tenesmus and falling downe of the fundament This is the cause of all these symptomes their sleepe is turbulent and often clamorous when as hot acride and subtle vapors raised by the wormes from the like humor and their foode are sent up to the head but sound sleep by the contrary as when a misty vapour is sent up from a grosse and cold matter They dream they eate in their sleepe for that while the wormes doe more greedily consume the chylous matter in the guts they stirre up the sense of the like action in the phantasie They grate or gnash their teeth by reason of a certaine convulsisick repletion the muscles of the temples and jawes being distended by plenty of vapours A dry cough comes by the consent of the vitall parts serving for respiration which the naturall to wit the Diaphragma or midriffe smit upon by acride vapoures and irritated as though there were some humour to bee expelled by coughing These same acride fumes assailing the orifice of the ventricle cause either a hicketting or else a fainting according to the condition of their consistence grosse or thin these carryed up to the parts of the face cause an itching of the nose a darkenesse of the fight and a suddaine changing of the colour in the cheeks Great wormes are worse than little ones red than white living than dead many than few variegated than those of one collour as those which are signes of a greater corruption Such as are cast forth bloody and sprinkled with blood are deadly for they shew that the substance of the guts is eaten asunder for oft-times they corrode and perforate the body of the gut wherein they are conteined and thence penetrare into divers parts of the belly so that they have come forth sometimes at the Navell having eaten themselves a passage forth as Hollerius affirmeth When as children troubled with the wormes draw their breath with difficulty and wake moist over all their bodies it is a signe that death is at hand If at the beginning of sharpe feavers round wormes come forth alive it is a signe of a pestilent feaver the malignity of whose matter they could not endure but were forced to come forth But if they be cast forth dead they are signes of greater corruption in the humours and of a more venenate malignity CHAP. V. What cure to bee used for the Wormes IN this disease there is but one indication that is the exclusion or casting out of the wormes either alive or dead forth of the body as being such that in their whole kinde are against nature all things must bee shunned which are apt to heap up putrefaction in the body by their corruption such as are crude fruits cheese milke-meats fishes and lastly such things as are of a difficult and hard digestion but prone to corruption Pappe is fit for children for that they require moist things but these ought to answer in a certaine similitude to the consistence and thicknesse of milke that so they may the more easily be concocted assimulated such only is that pap which is made with wheat flower not crude but baked in an oven that the pappe made therewith may not be too viscide nor thicke if it should onely bee boyled in a panne as much as the milke would require or else the milke would bee too terrestriall or too waterish all the fatty portion thereof being resolved the cheesy and whayish portion remaining if it should boile so much as were necessary for the full boiling of the crude meate they which use meale otherwise in pappe yeild matter for the generating of grosse and viscide humours in the stomacke whence happens obstruction in the first veines and substance of the liver by obstruction wormes breede in the guts and the stone in the kidneyes and bladder The patient must be fed often and with meates of good juice lest the worms through want of nourishment should gnaw the substance of the guts Now when as such things breed of a putride matter the patient shall be purged and the putrefaction represt by medicines mentioned in our treatise of the plague For the quick killing and casting of them forth syrupe of Succory or of lemmons with rubarbe a little Treacle or Mithridate is a singular medicine if there be no feaver you may also for the same purpose use this following medicine ℞ cornu cervi pul rasur eboris an ʒ i ss sem tanacet contra verm an ʒ i. fiat decoctio pro parva dofi in colatur a infunde rhei optimi ʒ i. cinam ℈ i. dissolve syrupi de absinthio ℥ ss make a potion give it in the morning three houres before any broath Oyle of Olives drunke kills wormes as also water of knot-grasse drunke with milke and in like manner all bitter things Yet I could first wish them to give a glyster made of milke hony and sugar without oyles and bitter things lest shunning thereof they leave the lower guts and come upwards for this is naturall to wormes to shunne bitter things and follow sweet things Whence you may learne that to the bitter things which you give by the mouth you must alwaies mixe sweet things that allured by the sweetnesse they may devour them more greedily that so they may kill them Therefore I would with milke and Sugar mixe the seeds of centaury rue wormewood aloes and the like harts-horne is very effectuall against wormes wherefore you may infuse the shavings thereof in the water or drinke that the patient drinkes as also to boile some thereof in his brothes So also treacle drunke or taken in broth killeth the wormes purslaine boiled in brothes and destilled and drunke is also good against the worms as also succory and mints also a decoction of the lesser house-leek and sebestens given with
sugar before meate it is no lesse effectuall to put wormeseeds in their pap and in roasted apples and so to give them it Also you may make suppositories after this manner and put them up into the fundament â„ž coralli subalbi rasurae eboris cornu cerviusti ireos an ℈ ii mellis albi â„¥ ii ss aquae centiâ—odiae q. s adomnia concorporanda fiant Glandes let one be put up every day of the weight of Ê’ ii for children these suppositories are chiefly to bee used for Ascarides as those which adhere to the right gut To such children as can take nothing by the mouth you shall apply cataplasmes to their navells made of the pouder of cummin seeds the floure of lupines worme-wood southerne wood tansie the leaves of Artichokes rue the pouder of coloquintida citron seeds aloes arsemart horse mint peach leaves Costus amarus Zedoaria sope and oxegall Such cataplasmes are oft times spred over all the belly mixing therewith astringent things for the strengthening of the part as oile of myrtles Quinces and mastich you may also apply a great onion hollowed in the midst and filled with Aloes and Treacle and so roasted in the embers then beaten with bitter almonds and an oxe gall Also you may make emplasters of bitter things as this which followes â„ž fellis bubuli sucei absinthii an â„¥ ii colocyn â„¥ i. terantur misceantur simul incorporentur cum farina lupinorum make hereof an emplaster to be laid upon the Navell Liniments and ointments may bee also made for the same purpose to anoint the belly you may also make plasters for the navell of Pillulae Ruff. anointing in the meane time the fundament with hony and sugar that they may bee chafed from above with bitter things and allured downewards with sweete things Or else take wormes that have beene cast forth dry them in an iron pan over the fire then pouder them and give them with wine or some other liquor to bee drunke for so they are thought quickly to kill the rest of the wormes Hereto also conduceth the juice of citrons drunke with the oile of bitter almonds or sallade oile Also some make bathes against this affect of wormewood galls peach leaves boiled in water and then bathe the childe therein But in curing the wormes you must observe that this disease is oft times entangled with another more grievous disease as an acute and burning feaver a fluxe or scouring and the like in which as for example sake a feaver being present and conjoyned therewith if you shall give wormseeds old Treacle myrrhe aloes you shall encrease the feaver and fluxe for that bitter things are very contrary to the cure of these affects But if on the contrary in a fluxe whereby the wormes are excluded you shall give corrall and the floure of Lentiles you shall augment the feaver making the matter more contumacious by dry and astringent things Therefore the Physician shall be carefull in considering whether the feaver bee a symptome of the wormes or on the contrary it bee essentiall and not symptomaticke that this being knowne hee may principally insist in the use of such medicines as resist both affects as purging and bitterish in a feaver and wormes but bitter and somewhat astrictive things in the wormes and fluxe CHAP. VI. A short description of the Elephantiasis or Leprosie and of the causes thereof THis disease is termed Elephantiasis because the skinne of such as are troubled therewith is rough scabious wrinckled and unequall like the skin of an Elephant Yet this name may seem to be imposed thereon by reason of the greatnesse of the disease Some from the opinion of the Arabians have termed it Lepra or Leprosie but unproperly for the Lepra is a kinde of Scab and disease of the skinne which is vulgarly called Malum sancti manis which word for the present we will use as that which prevailes by custome and antiquity Now the Leprosie according to Paulus is a Cancer of the whole body the which as Avicen addes corrupts the complexion forme and figure of the members Galen thinkes the cause ariseth from the errour of the sanguifying faculty through whose default the assimulation in the flesh and habite of the body is depraved and much changed from it selfe and the rule of nature But ad Glauconem hee defines this disease An effusion of troubled or grosse blood into the veines and habit of the whole body This disease is judged great for that it partakes of a certaine venenate virulency depraving the members and comelinesse of the whole body Now it appeares that the Leprosie partakes of a certaine venenate virulency by this that such as are melancholicke in the whole habit of their bodies are not leprous Now this disease is composed of three differences of diseases First it consists of a distemper against nature as that which at the beginning is hot and dry and at length the ebullition of the humours ceasing and the heat dispersed it becomes cold and dry which is the conjunct cause of this symptome Also it consists of an evill composition or conformation for that it depraves the figure and beauty of the parts Also it consists of a solution of continuity when as the flesh and skin are cleft in divers parts with ulcers and chops the leprosie hath for the most part 3. generall causes that is the primitive antecedent conjunct the primitive cause is either from the first conformation or comes to them after they are born It is thought to be in him from the first conformation who was conceived of depraved corrupt menstruous blood such as enclined to melancholly who was begot of the leprous seed of one or both his parents for leprous persons generate leprous because the principall parts being tainted and corrupted with a melancholy and venenate juice it must necessarily follow that the whole masse of blood and seed that falls from it and the whole body should also be vitiated This cause happens to those that are already born by long staying inhabiting in maritime countries whereas the grosse and misty aire in successe of time induceth the like fault into the humours of the body for that according to Hippocrates such as the aire is such is the spirit and such the humours Also long abiding in very hot places because the blood is torrified by heate but in cold places for that they incrassate and congealing the spirits doe after a manner stupefie may bee thought the primitive causes of this disease Thus in some places of Germany there are divers leprous persons but they are more frequent in Spaine and overall Africa then in all the world beside and in Languedoc Provence and Guyenne are more than in whole France besides Familiarity copulation and cohabitation with leprous persons may be reckoned amongst the causes thereof because they transferre this disease to their familiars by their breath sweat and spittle left on the
by another madde dogge A mad dog hath sparkling and fierie eies with a fixed looke cruell and a squint hee carries his head heavily hanging downe towards the ground and somewhat on one side hee gapes and thrusts forth his tongue which is livide and blackish and being short breathed casts forth much filth at his nose and much foaming matter at his mouth in his gate as if he suspected and feared all things he keepeth no one or certain path but runs one while to this side another while to that and stumbling like one that is drunke he oft-times falleth downe on the ground he violently assailes whatsoever he meets withall whether it bee man tree wall dog or any thing else other dogs shun him and presently sent him a farre off But if another unawares chance to fall foule on him he yeelds himselfe to his mercy fawnes upon him and privily labours to get from him though hee be the stronger greater Hee is unmindfull of eating and drinking he barkes not yet he bites all he meets without any difference not sparing his master as who at this time hee knowes not from a stranger or enemie For it is the property of melancholie to disturbe the understanding so that such persons as are melancholike doe not onely rage against and use violence to their friends and parents but also upon themselves But when as he sees water he trembles and shakes and his haires stands up on end CHAP. XII By what signes we may know a man is bitten of a mad dog IT is not so easie at the first to know a man that is bitten with a mad dogge and principally for this reason because the wound made by his teeth causeth no more pain than other wounds usually do contrary to the wounds made by the sting or bite of other poysonous creatures as those which presently after they are inflicted cause sharpe paine great heat swelling and abundance of other maligne accidents according to the nature of the poyson but the malignity of the bite of a mad dogge appeares not before that the venome shall invade the noble parts Yet when you are suspicious of such a wound you may acquire a certaine knowledge and experience thereof by putting a piece of bread into the quitture that comes from the wound For if a hungry dog neglect yea more fly from it and dare not so much as smell thereto it is thought to bee a certaine signe that the wound was inflicted by a madde dogge Others adde That if any give this piece of bread to hens that they will die the same day they have eaten it yet this latter I making experiment thereof failed for devouring this virulent bread they became not a jot the worse Wherefore I think the former signe to be the more certaine for dogs have a wonderfull and sure smelling faculty whereby they easilie sent and perceive the malignitie of the like creature But when as the raging virulencie hath invaded the noble parts then the patients becomming silent and sorrowfull thinke of many things and at the beginning make a noise with their teeth they make no answer to the purpose they are more testie than ordinarie and in their sleepes they are troubled with dreames and strange phantasies and fearfull visions and lastly they become affraid of the water But after that the poison hath fixed it selfe into the substance of the noble parts then all their faculties are disturbed all the light of their memorie senses reason and judgement is extinguished Wherefore becomming starke mad they know not such as stand by them not their friends no nor themselves falling upon such as they meet withall themselves with their teeth nailes feet Often twitchings like convulsions do suddenly rise in their limbs I judge them occasioned by extraordinary driness which hath as it were wholly drunk up all the humiditie of the nervous parts there is a great drinesse of the mouth with intolerable thirst yet without any desire of drink because the mind being troubled they become unmindful negligent of such things as concerne them and are needful for them the eyes look fierie red all the face is of the same colour they still think of dogs and seem to see them yea and desire to bark and bite just after the maner of dogs I conjecture that the virulent humour hath changed all the humours the whole body into the like nature so that they think themselves also dogs whence their voice becomes hoarse by much endevouring to barke having forgot all decencie like impudent dogs to the great horrour of the beholders For their voice growes hoarse by reason of the great drynesse of the aspera arteria they shun the light as that which is enemy to melancholy wherewith the whole substance of the braine is replenished on the contrary they desire darkenesse as that which is like and friendly to them But they are affraid of the water though good to mitigate their great distemper of heat and drinesse and they fly from looking-glasses because they imagin they see dogs in them whereof they are much affraide by reason whereof they shun the water and all polite and cleare bodies which may supply the use of a looking-glasse so that they throw themselves on the ground as if they would hide themselves therein lest they should be bitten againe for they affirme that he which is bitten by a mad dog alwaies hath a dog in his minde and so remaines fixed in that sad cogitation Wherefore thinking that he sees him in the water he trembles for feare and therefore shuns the water Others write that the body by madnesse becommeth wondrous dry wherefore they hate the water as that which is contrary thereto being absolutely the moistest element and so they say that this is the reason of their fearing the water Ruffus writes that madnesse is a kinde of melancholie and that feare is the proper symptome thereof according to Hippocrates wherefore this or that kind of melancholie begets a feare of these or these things but chiefly of bright things such as looking-glasses and water by reason that melancholie persons seeke darkenesse and solitarinesse by reason of the black corruption of the humour wherewith they abound They fall into cold sweats a fomie stinking and greenish matter flowes from the ulcer by reason of the heat of the antecedent cause and ulcerated part The urine most commonly appeares watrish by reason that the strainers as it were of the kidnies are straitned by the heat and drinesse of the venome Yet sometimes also it appears more thick and black as when nature powerfully using the expulsive facultie attempts to drive forth by urine the melancholy humour the seat of the venome Also sometimes it is wholly supprest being either incrassated by hot drynesse or else the mind being carried other waies and forgetfull of its owne duty untill at length the patients vexed by the cruelty of so
paine by sucking forth the venome But his tongue forthwith swelled so bigge that he could not speak his mind besides his whole arme even to his shoulder was in like sort much swelled his paine was so vehement that it made him swoune twice in my presence his face was wan and livid like to a dead body and though I despaired of his recovery yet not suffering him to bee quite forsaken I washed his mouth with treacle dissolved in white wine and gave him some thereof to drinke adding thereto some aqua vitae I opened his swolne arme with many and deepe scarifications especially in the place where he was hurt I suffered the bloud which was wholly serous and sanious to flow more plentifully I washed the wounds with treacle and mithridate dissolved in aqua vitae and then I put him exceeding warme in bed procuring sweat and making him to lie awake lest sleep should draw the poyson inwards to the entrailes I by these meanes so farre prevailed that on the day after hee was freed from all his maligne symptomes Therefore I judged it onely remained for a perfect cure that the wound should be long kept open and washed with treacle neither was I deceived for within a few dayes he was perfectly recovered CHAP. XXIV Of the bitings of Toads THough Toads want teeth yet with their hard rough gums they so straitly presse or pinch the part which they shall take hold on that they will force their poison thereinto and so over the whole body by the pores of the pressed part Moreover they cast forth their venome by urine spittle and vomit upon herbes but chiefly upon Strawberries the which they are reported greatly to affect Hence many suddenly and ignorantly catch their deaths I heard from a man of very good credit that there were two merchants not farre from the Citie Tholouse who whilest dinner was providing walked into the garden that belonged to the Inne where they gathered some sage leaves and unwashed as they were put them into their wine They had not as yet dined when being taken with a sudden Vertigo the whole Inne seemed to run round then losing their sight they fell into a sowne intermixed now and then with convulsions But they stammered with their lippes and tongues becomming blacke a froward and horrid look with continuall vomiting and a cold sweat the forerunner of death which presently seazed upon them their bodies becomming exceedingly much swolne But the Justices of the place suspecting that they were poysoned made the Inne-keeper and the Guests to be apprehended being examined they all constantly with one voice answered that the dead parties ate of the same meat and drinke which the rest did but onely that they put sage into their wine A Physician was asked the question whether sage might be poysoned he answered it might but to come to the purpose that it must appeare whether any venemous creature had poysoned the plant with her spittle or venemous sanies This which was lightly pronounced and only by conjecture was by the eye found to bee true For at the roote thereof there was found a hole in the ground full of Toads who got out by putting in of warme water made it credible that the plant was poysoned by their spittle and urine whereby you may understand how unwisely they doe who devoure herbes and fruits newly gathered without washing Also we must take heed lest falling asleep in the fields wee lye not neere the holes which toads or other venemous beasts of the like nature have made their habitation For thence a venemous or deadly aire may be drawn into the lungs For the same cause wee must abstaine from eating of frogs in the moneth of May because then they engender with toads Oxen in feeding sometimes lick up small toads together with the grasse which presently will breed their great harme for thereupon the oxen swell so big that they often burst withall Neither is the venome of toads deadly only being taken inwardly but even sprinkled upon the skin unless they forthwith wipe the place wash it with urine water salt Such as are poisoned by a toad turn yellow swell over all their bodies are taken with an Asthmaticke difficultie of breathing a Vertigo convulsion sowning and lastly by death it selfe These so horrid symptoms are judged inherent in the poyson of toads not only by reason of the elementary qualities therof coldness moisture which are chiefly predominant therein but much rather by the occult property which is apt to putrefie the humors of that body whereto it shall happen Therfore it wil be convenient to procure vomit especially if the poison be taken by the mouth to give gly sters to weaken the strength of the poison by hot and attenuating Antidotes as treacle mithridate dissolved in good wine but in conclusion to digest it by bathes stoves and much and great exercise Rondeletius in his book de Piscibus affirmes the same â—…ings of the cursed venome of toads as we have formerly delivered yet that they seldome bite but that they cast forth either their urine the which they gather in a great quantity in a large bladder or else their venemous spittle or breath against such as they meete withall or assaile besides the herbs which are tainted by their poisonous breath but much more such as are sprinkled with their spittle or urine are sufficient to kill such as eate them The Antidotes are juice of betonie plantaine mugwurt as also the bloud of Tortoises made with flower into pils and forthwith dissolved in wine and drunken Pliny writes that the hearts and spleens of toads resist poison The vulgar opinion is false who thinke that the toad-stone is found in their heads which is good against poyson CHAP. XXV Of the stinging of a Scorpion AScorpion is a small creature with a round bodie in forme of an egge with many feet and a long taile consisting of many joints the last wherof is thicker and a little longer than the rest at the very end thereof is a sting in some two hollow and replete with cold poyson the which by the sting it casts into the obvious body it hath five legs on each side forked with strong clawes not unlike to a Crab or Lobster but the two foremost are bigger than the rest they are of a blackish or sootie colour they goe aside aside and oft-times fasten themselves with their mouthes and feet so fast to men that they can scarce be plucked therehence There be some who have wings like the wings of Locusts wasting the corn all green things with their biting and burning Such are unknown in France These flee over divers Countries like winged Ants. This is likely to be true by that which Mathiolus writes that the husbandmen in Castile in Spain in digging the earth oft-times finde a swarm of Scorpions which betake themselves thither against winter Pliny writes that
to plentifull feeding it endureth almost for the space of seven dayes Some call them purgations because that by this fluxe all a womans body is purged of super fluous humours There bee some also that call those fluxes the flowers because that as in plants the flower buddeth out before the fruits so in women kinde this flux goeth before the issue or the conception thereof For the courses flow not before a woman bee able to conceive for how should the seede being cast into the wombe have his nourishment and encrease and how should the child have his nourishment when it is formed of the seed if this necessary humour were wanting in the wombe yet it may bee some women may conceive without this fluxe of the courses but that is in such as have so much of the humour gathered together as is wont to remaine in those which are purged although it bee not so great a quantity that it may flow out as it is recorded by Aristotle But as it is in some very great and in some very little so it is in some seldome and in some very often There are some that are purged twice and some thrice in a moneth but it is altogether in those who have a great liver large veines and are filled and fed with many and greatly nourishing meats which sit idely at home all day which having slept all night doe notwithstanding lye in bed sleeping a great part of the day also which live in a hot moyst rainie and southerly ayre which use warme bathes of sweet waters and gentle frictions which use and are greatly delighted with carnall copulation in these and such like women the courses flow more frequently and abundantly But contrariwise in those that have small and obscure veines in those that have their bodies more furnished and bigge either with flesh or with fat are more seldome purged and also more sparingly because that the superfluous quantity of bloud useth to goe into the habit of the body Also tender delicate and faire women are lesse purged than those that are browne and endued with a more compact flesh because that by the rarity of their bodies they suffer a greater wasting or dissipation of their substance by transpiration Moreover they are not so greatly purged with this kind of purgation which have some other solemne or accustomed evacuation in any other place of their body as by the nose or hemorrhoids And as concerning their age old women are purged when the Moone is old and young women when the Moone is new as it is thought I thinke the cause thereof is for that the Moone ruleth moyst bodies for by the variable motion thereof the Sea floweth and ebbeth and bones marrow and plants abound with their genitall humour Therefore young people which have much bloud and more fluxible and their bodies more fluxible are soone moved unto a fluxe although it bee even in the first quarter of the Moones risingor increasing but the humours of old women because they wax stiffe as it were with cold are not so abundant and have more dense bodies and straighter vessels are not so apt to a fluxe nor do they so easily flow except it bee in the full of the Moon or else in the decrease that is to say because the bloud that is gathered in the full of the Moon falls from the body even of its own weight for that by reason of the decreasing or wane of the Moone this time of the month is more cold and moyst CHAP. L. The causes of the monethly flux or courses BEcause a woman is more cold and therefore hath the digestive faculty more weake it commeth to passe that shee requireth and desireth more meate or foode than shee can digest or concoct And because that superfluous humour that remaineth is not digested by exercise nor by the efficacy of strong and lively heat therefore by the providence or benefit of nature it floweth out by the veines of the wombe by the power of the expulsive faculty at its owne certaine and prefixed season or time But then especially it beginneth to flow and a certaine crude portion of bloud to bee expelled being hurtfull and maligne otherwise in no quality when nature hath laid her principall foundations of the encrease of the body so that in greatnesse of the body she hath come as it were in a manner to the highest toppe that is to say from the thirteenth to the fiftieth yeare of our age Moreover the childe cannot bee formed in the wombe nor have his nutriment or encrease without this fluxe therefore this is another finall cause of the monethly flux Many are perswaded that women do farre more abound with bloud than men considering how great an abundance of bloud they cast forth of their secret parts every moneth from the thirteenth to the fiftieth yeare of their age how much women great with childe of whom also many are menstruall yeelde unto the nutriment and encrease of the childe in their wombes and how much Physicians take from women that are with childe by opening of a veine which otherwise would bee delivered before their naturall and prefixed time how great a quantity thereof they avoid in the birth of their children and for ten or twelve daies after and how great a quantity of milk they spend for the nourishment of the child when they give sucke which milke is none other thing than blood made white by the power of the kernels that are in the dugges which doth suffice to nourish the childe be he great or little yet notwithstanding many nurses in the meane while are menstruall and as that may be true so certainely this is true that one dramme that I may so speake of a mans blood is of more efficacy to nourish and encrease than two pounds of womans blood because it is farre more perfect more concocted wrought and better replenished with abundance of spirits whereby it commeth to passe that a man endued with a more strong heat doth more easily convert what meat soever he eateth unto the nourishment substance of his body if that any superfluity remains he doth easily digest and scatter it by insensible transpiration But a woman being more cold than a man because shee taketh more than shee can concoct doth gather together more humours which because shee cannot disperse by reason of the unperfectnesse and weakenesse of her heat it is necessary that shee should suffer and have her monethly purgation especially when shee groweth unto some bignesse but there is no such need in a man CHAP. LI. The causes of the suppression of the courses or menstruall fluxe THe courses are suppressed or stopped by many causes as by sharpvehement and long diseases by feare sorrow hunger immoderate labours watchings fluxes of the belly great bleeding hoemorrhoides fluxes of blood at the mouth and evacuations in any other part of the body whatsoever often opening of a
place before alledged to treate or dresse the diseased quickly safely and with the least of paine that is possible Let us come now to Reason NOw so it is that one cannot apply hot irons but with extreame and vehement paine in a sensible part void of a Gangreene which would be cause of a Convulsion Feaver yea oft times of death Moreover it would bee a long while afterwards before the poore patients were cured because that by the action of the fire there is made an eschar which proceeds from the subject flesh which being fallen nature must regenerate a new flesh in stead of that which hath beene burned as also the bone remaines discovered and bare and by this meanes for the most part there remaines an Vlcer incurable Moreover there is yet another accident It happeneth that oftentimes the crust being fallen off the flesh not being well renewed the blood issueth out as much as it did before But when they shall be tyed the ligature falls not off untill first the flesh have very well covered them againe which is prooved by Galen saying that escharoticke medicines which cause a crust or eschar whensoever they fall off leave the part more bare than the naturall habit requires For the generation of a crust proceeds from the parts subject and which are scituate round about it being also burned as I may say wherefore by how much the part is burnt by so much it looseth the naturall heate Then tell me when it is necessary to use escharoticke medicines or cautering irons T is when the flux of blood is caused by erosion or some Gangreene or putrifaction Now is it thus In fresh bleeding wounds there is neither Gangreene nor putrifaction Therefore the cauteries ought not to be there applyed And when the Ancients commanded to apply hot irons to the mouthes of the vessells it hath not beene onely to stay the flux of blood but cheefely to correct the malignitie or gangreenous putrifaction which might spoile the neighbouring parts And it must be here noted that if I had knowne such accidents to happen which you have declared in your booke in drawing and tying the vessells I had never beene twice deceived nor would I ever have left by my writings to posteritie such a way of stopping a flux of blood But I writ it after I had seene it done and did it very often with happy successe See then what may happen through your inconsiderate counsell without examining or standing upon the facility of tying the sayd vessells For see heere 's your scope and proposition to tye the vessells after amputation is a new remedy say you then it must not be used it is an ill argument for a Doctor But as for that say you one must use fire after the amputation of members to consume and drie the putrifaction which is a common thing in Gangreenes and mortifications that indeed hath no place here because the practise is to amputate the part above that which is mortified and corrupted as Celsus writes and commands to make the amputation upon the sound part rather than to leave any whit of the corrupted I would willingly aske you if when a veine is cut transverse and that it is very much retracted towards the originall whether you would make no conscience to burne till that you had found the orifice of the veine or artery and if it be not more easie onely with a Crow bill to pinch and draw the vessell and so tie it In which you may openly shew your ignorance and that you have your minde seised with much rancor and choler We daily see the ligature of the vessells practised with happy successe after the amputation of a part which I will now verifie by experiences and histories of those to whom the said ligature hath beene made and persons yet living Experiences THe 16. day of Iune 1582. in the presence of Master Iohn Liebaud doctor in the faculty of Physicke at Paris Claud Viard sworne Chirurgion Master Mathurin Huron Chirurgion of Monsieur de Souvray and I Iohn Charbonell master Barbes Chirurgion of Paris well understanding the Theoricke and Practicke of Chirurgery did with good dexterity amputate the left legge of a woman tormented the space of three yeares with extreame paine by reason of a great Caries which was in the bone Astragal Cyboides great and little focile and through all the nervous parts through which she feit extreame and intollerable paines night and day she is called Mary of Hostel aged 28 yeares or thereabouts wife of Peter Herve Esquire of the Kitchin to the Lady Duchesse of Vzez dwelling in the streete of Verbois on the other side Saint Martin in the fields dwelling at the signe of the Saint Iohns head where the sayd Charbonell cut off the sayd legge the breadth of foure large fingers below the Knee and after that he had incised the flesh and sawed the bone hee griped the Veine with the Crow bill then the Artery then tyed them from whence I protest to God which the company that were there can witnesse that in all the operation which was sodainely done there was not spilt one porrenger of blood and I bid the sayd Charbonell to let it bleed more following the precept of Hippocrates that it is good in all wounds and also in inveterate ulcers so let the blood runne by this meanes the part is lesse subject to inflammation The sayd Charbonell continued the dressing of her who was cured in two moneths without any fluxe of blood happening unto her or other ill accident and she went to see you at your lodging being perfectly cured Another history of late memory of a singing man of our Ladyes Church named master Colt who broke both the bones of his legge which were crusht in divers peeces insomuch that there was no hope of cure to withstand a gangreene and mortification and by consequence death Monsieur Helin Doctor Regent in the faculty of Physicke a man of honour and of good knowledge Claud Viard and Simon Peter sworne Chirurgions of Paris men well exercised in Chirurgery and Balthazar of Lestre and Leonard de Leschenal Master Barber Chirurgions well experimented in the operations of Chirurgery were all of opinion to withstand the accidents aforesayd to make entire amputation of the whole legge a little above the broken shivered bones the torne nerves veines arteries the operation was nimbly done by the sayd Viard and the blood stancht by the ligature of the vessells in the presence of the sayd Helin and master Tonsard great Vicar of our Ladyes Church and was continually drest by the sayd Lescheâ—al and I went to see him other whiles he was happily cured without the application of hot irons and walketh lustily on a woodden legge Another History IN the yeare 1583. the 10. day of December Toussaint Possoâ— borne at Ronieville at this present dwelling at Beauvais neare Dourdan having his Legge all
Now I beleeve it was per Diapedesin or Anastomosin that is to say by the apertion of the mouthes of the vessells or by their porosities the poore little wrastler was buryed I tooke leave of Messieurs de Rohan de Laval and Estamps Monsieur de Rohan gave mee a present of fifty double duckets and an ambling horse and Monsieur de Laval another for my man and Monsieur de Estamps a Diamond of thirty Crownes and so I returned to my house at Paris The Voyage of Parpignan 1543. A Little while after Monsieur de Rohan tooke me with him poste to the campe of Parpignan being there the enemy made a Sally forth and came and inclosed three peeces of our Artillery where they were beaten back to the gates of the Citty which was not done without hurting and killing many and amongst the rest de Brissâ—c who was then chiefe master of the Artillery received a musket shot upon the shoulder returning to his Tent all the others that were hurt followed him hoping to be drest by the Chirurgions that ought to dresse them Being come to his Tent and layd on his bed the bullet was searched for by three or foure the most expert Chirurgions of the Army who could not finde it but sayd it was entred into his body In the end hee called for me to see if I were more skilfull than them because he had knowne me before in Piedmount by and by I made him rise from his bed and prayed him to put his body into that posture as it was then when hee received his hurt which he did taking a javelin betweene his hands as he held the Pike in the skirmish I put my hand about the wound and found the bullet in the flesh making a little tumor under the Omoplate having found it I shewed them the place where it was and it was taken out by Master Nicholas Lavernaut Chirurgion to Monsieur the Dolphin who was the Kings Lievtenant in that army yet notwithstanding the honour remained to me for finding of it I saw one thing of great remark which is this that a souldier in my presence gave to one of his fellowes a stroake with an Halbard upon the head penetrating even to the left ventricle of the braine without falling to the ground Hee that strooke him said he had heard that he had cheated at Dice and that he had drawne a great summe of money and that it was his custome to cheate I was called to dresse him which I did as it were for the last knowing well that he would quickly die having drest him he returned all alone to his lodging which was at least two hundred paces distant I bid one of his companions send for a Priest to dispose of the affaires of his soule he helpt him to one who stayd with him to the last gaspe The next day the patient sent for mee by his shee friend in a boyes apparell to come to dresse him which I would not doe fearing hee should die under my hands and to put it off I sayd I must not take off the dressing till the third day by reason hee would die though hee were never touched The third day hee came staggering and found me in my Tent accompanied with his wench and prayed mee most affectionately to dresse him And shewed me a purse wherein he had an hundred or sixscore peeces of Gold and that he would content me to my desire for all that yet notwithstanding I left not off to deferre the taking off his dressing fearing least hee should die at the same instant Certaine Gentlemen desired me to goe dresse him which I did at their request but in dressing him he died under my hands in a Convulsion Now this Priest accompanied him untill death who seazed upon the purse for feare least another should take it saying hee would say Masses for his soule Moreover hee furnisht himselfe with his cloathes and with all the rest of his things I have recited this History as a monstrous thing that the Souldier fell not to ground when he had received this great stroake and was in good senses even till death Soone after the Campe was broken for divers causes the one because we were advertized that foure companies of Spaniards were entred into Parpignam the other that the Plague begun much in our Campe and it was told us by the people of the countrey that shortly there would bee a great overflowing of the Sea which might drowne us all and the presage which they had was a very great winde from Sea which arose in such manner that there remained not one Tent which was not broken and overthrowne for all the strength and diligence that could be given and the Kitchins being all uncovered the winde raised so the dust and sand which salted and poudred our meate in such sort that wee could not eate it so that wee were constrained to boile it in pots and other vessells well covered Now we did not uncampe our selves in so good time but that there were many Carts and Carters Mules and Mule drivers drowned in the Sea with great losse of baggage The Campe broken I returned to Paris The voyage to Landresy 1544. KIng Francis raised a great Army to victuall Landresy on the other side the Emperour had no lesse people yea much more that is to say eighteene thousand Germans tenne thousand Spaniards sixe thousand Wallons tenne thousand English and a matter of thirteene or foureteene thousand Horse I saw the two Armies neare one another within Canon shot and it was thought they would never part without giving battaile There were some certaine foolish Gentlemen who would approach the enemies Campe certaine shot was made at them and some dyed at the place others had their Legges or Armes carried away The King having done what hee desired which was to revictuall Landresy retired himselfe with his Army to Guise which was the day after All Saints one thousand five hundred forty foure and from thence I returned to Paris The Voyage of Boulogne 1545. A Little while after we went to Boulogne where the English seeing our Army left the Forts which they had that is to say Moulambers the little Paradise Monplaisir the fort of Shatillon the Portet the Fort Dardelot One day going through the Campe to dresse my hurt people the enemies who were in the Tower of Order shot off a peece of Ordinance thinking to kill two horsemen which stayd to talke one with another It happened that the Bullet passed very neare one of them which threw him to the ground and t' was thought the said Bullet had toucht him which it did not at all but onely the winde of the said Bullet in the midst of his coate which went with such a force that all the outward part of the Thigh became blacke and blew and had muchadoe to stand I drest him and made him divers Scarifications to evacuate the contused blood which the winde of the said Bullet
like to a good shepheard who will not loose one of his sheepe See now how our wellbeloved Imperialists went away from before the Citty of Mets which was the day after Christmas day to the great contentment of the beseiged and honour of Princes Captaines and Souldiers who had endured the travells of this seige the space of two monthes Notwithstanding they did not all goe there wanted twenty thousand who were dead aswell by Artillery by the sword as also by the plague cold and hunger and for spight they could not enter into the Citty to cut our throates and have the pillage and also a great number of their horses dyed of which they had eaten a great part in steed of Beefe and Bacon They went where they had beene encamped where they found divers dead bodyes not yet buried and the earth all dihged like Saint Innocents Churchyard in the time of the plague They did likewise leave in their lodgings pavillions and tents divers sick people also bullets armes Carts Waggons other baggage with a great many of Munition loaves spoyled and rotten by the raine and snow yet the souldiers had it not but by weight and measure likewise they left great provision of wood of the remainders of the houses of the Villages which they had pluckt downe 2 or 3 miles compasse likewise divers other houses of pleasure belonging to the Cittizens accompanied with faire gardens grasse plotts fild with fruite trees for without that they had beene sterv'd with cold and had beene constrained to have rais'd the seige sooner The sayd Monsieur de Guise caused the dead to be buried and dresse their sicke people likewise the enemies left in the Abby of S. Arnoul divers of their hurt souldiers which they could not leade with them the sayd Monsieur de Guise sent them all Victualls enough and commanded me and other Chirurgions to goe dresse them and give them medicines which we willingly did and thinke they would not have done the like toward others because the Spaniard is most cruell perâ—idious and inhumane therefore enimy to all nations which is proved by Lopez a Spaniard Benzo of Milan others who have written the history of America the West Indies who have beene constrayned to confesse that the cruelty avarice blasphemy and wickednesse of the Spaniards have altogether alienated the poore Indians from the religion which the sayd Spaniards are sayd to hold And all write they are lesse worth than the Idolatrous Indians by the cruell usage done to the sayd Indians And a few dayes after we sent a Trompet to Thionville toward the enemy that they should send backe for their wounded men in safety which they did with Carts and Waggons but not enough Monsieur de Guise caused them to have Carts and Carters to helpe to carry them to the sayd Thionville Our sayd Carters being returned backe brought us word that the way was paved with dead bodyes and that they never lead backe the halfe for they dyed in their Carts and the Spaniards seeing them at the point of death before they had cast out their last gaspe cast them out of their Carts and buryed them in the mudde and mire saying they had no order to bring backe the dead Moreover our sayd Carters sayd they met by the way divers Carts loaden with baggage sticking in the mire which they durst not send for backe for feare least those of Mets should fall upon them I will againe returne to the cause of their mortality which was principally through honger plague and cold for the snow was two foote thicke upon the earth and they were lodged in the caves of the earth onely covered with a little straw Notwithstanding each souldier had his field bed and a covering strewed with glittering starres more bright than fine gold and every day had white sheetes and lodg'd at the signe of the Moone and made good cheere when they had it and payd their hoste so well over night that in the morning they went away quitte shaking their eares and they needed no combe to take away the doune out of their haires either of head or beard and found alwayes a white table cloath losing good meales for want of Victualls Also the greatest part of them had neither bootes nor buskinnes slippers hose or shooes and divers had rather have none than have them because they were alwayes in mudde halfe way of the legge and because they went bare leg'd we called them the Emperors Apostles After the Campe was wholly broaken I distributed my patients into the hands of the Chirurgions of the Citty to finish their cure then I tooke leave of Monsieur de Guise and came backe toward the King who received me with a loving countenance and demanded of me how I did enter into the Citty of Mets. I recounted to him all that I had done he caused two hundred crownes to be given me and one hundred I had at my going out and told me he would not leave me poore then I thanked him most humbly of the good and the honour which he pleased to doe me The Voyage of Hedin 1553. CHarles the Emperor caused the Citty of Theroünne to be beseiged where Monsieut the Duke of Savoy was Generall of the whole army it was taken by assault where there was a great number of our men slaine and prisoners The King willing to prevent that the enemy should not also come to beseige the Citty Castle of Hedin sent Messiers the Duke Boüillion the Duke Horace the Marquesse of Villars a number of Captaines and about eight hundred souldiers during the seige of Theroüenne the sayd Lords fortified the sayd Castle of Hedin in such sort that it seemed impregnable The King sent me to the sayd Lords to helpe them with my Art if there were any neede Now soone after the taking of Theroüenne we were beseiged with the army there was a quicke cleare fountaine or Spring within Cannon shot where there was about fourescore whores and wenches of the enemies who were round about it to draw water I was upon a Rampart beholding the Campe and seeing so many idlers about the sayd fountaine I prayed Monsieur de Pont Commissary of the Artillery to make one Cannon shot at that roguish company he made me much deniall answering me that such kind of people were not worth the powder they should waste Againe I prayed him to levell the Cannon telling of him the more dead the fewer enemies which he did through my request and at that shot fifteene or sixteene were kild and many hurt Our souldiers sallied forth upon the enemies where there was many kild and flaine with musket shot and swords as well on the one side as of the other and our souldiers did often make sallyes forth upon the enemies before their trenches were made where I had much worke cut out so that I had no rest night nor day for dressing the wounded And I will tell this by the
Martigues where I prayd him that he would take order that I might remaine neare him to dresse him which he agreed to most willingly and had as much desire I should remaine with him as I my selfe Soone after the Commissioners who had charge to elect the prisoners entred into the Castle the seaventeenth day of Iuly one thousand five hundred fifty three where they made Messieurs the Duke of Boüillon the Marquesse of Villars the Baron of Culan Monsieur du Pont commissary of the Artillery and Monsieur de Martigues and I to be taken through the request that he made to them and all other Gentlemen which they could perceive were able to pay any ransome and the most part of the Souldiers and the cheefe of the Companies having such and so many prisoners as they would Afterward the Spanish Souldiers entred by the Breach without any resistance for ours esteemed they would hold their faith and composition that they should have their lives saved They entred in with a great fury to kill pillage and rifle all they retained some hoping to have ransome they tyed their stones with Arquebuse cords which was cast over a Pike which two held upon their shoulders then pulled the said cord with a great violence and derision as if they would ring a Bell telling them that they must put themselves to the ransome and tell of what houses they were and if they saw they could have no profit made them cruelly dye betweene their hands or presently after their genitall parts would have â—alne into a Gangreene and totall mortification but they kild them all with their Daggers and cut their throats See now their great cruelty and persidiousnesse let him trust to it that will Now to returne to my purpose being lead from the Castle to the Citty with Monsieur de Martigues there was a Gentleman of the Duke of Savoyes who asked mee if Monsieur de Martigues wound was curable I answered not who presently went and told the Duke of Savoy now I thought he would send Physitions and Chirurgions to visit and dresse my said Monsieur de Martigues in the meane time I thought with my selfe whether I ought to make it nice and not to acknowledge my selfe a Chirurgion for feare least they should retaine mee to dresse their wounded and in the end they would know I was the Kings Chirurgion and that they would make me pay a great ransome On the other side I feared if I should not make my selfe knowne to bee a Chirurgion and to have carefully dressed Monsieur de Martigues they would cut my throate so that I tooke a resolution to make it appeare to them he would not dye for want of good dressing and looking to Soone after see their arrives divers gentlemen accompanied with the Physition and Chirurgion to the Emperour and those of the said Duke of Savoy with sixe other Chirurgions following the Army to see the hurt of the said Lord of Martigues and to know of mee how I had dressed him and with what medicines The Emperours Physition bid me declare the essence of the wound and how I had drest it Now all the assistance had a very attentive eare to know if the wound were mortall or not I began to make a discourse that Monsieur de Martigues looking over the wall to perceive them that did undermine it received a shot from an Arquebuse quite through the body presently I was called to dresse him I saw hee cast blood out of his mouth and his wounds Moreover he had a great difficultie of breathing and cast out winde by the said wounds with a whistling in so much that it would blow out a Candle and he said he had a most sharpe pricking paine at the entrance of the Bullet I doe beleeve and thinke it might bee some little peeces of bones which prickt the Lungs When they made their Systole and Diastole I put my finger into him where I found the entrance of the Bullet to have broken the fourth Rib in the middle and scales of bones which the said Bullet had thrust in and the outgoing of it had likewise broken the fift Rib with peeces of bones which had beene driven from within outward I drew out some but not all because they were very deepe and adherent I put in each wound a Tent having the head very large tyed with a thread least by the inspiration it might bee drawne into the capacity of the Thorax which hath beene knowne by experience to the detriment of the poore wounded for being fallen in it cannot be taken out which is the cause that engenders putrifaction a thing contrary to nature The said Tents were annointed with a medicine compos'd of yolks of Egges Venice Turpentine with a little oyle of Roses My intention for putting the Tents was to stay the flux of blood and to hinder that the outward ayre did not enter into the breast which might have cooled the Lungs and by consequent the heart The said Tents were also put to the end that issue might bee given for the blood that was spilt within the Thorax I put upon the wound great Emplasters of Diacalcitheos in which I had relented oyle of Roses and Vinigar to the avoyding of inflammation then I put great stupes of Oxycrate and bound him up but not hard to the end he might have easie respiration that done I drew from him five porrengers of blood from the Basilicke veine of the right arme to the end to make revulsion of the blood which runs from the wounds into the Thorax having first taken indication from the wounded part and cheefely his forces considering his youth and his sanguine temper Hee presently after went to stoole and by his urine and seege cast great quantity of blood And as for the paine which he said he felt at the entrance of the Bullet which was as if he had beene pricked with a bodkin that was because the Lungs by their motion beate against the splinters of the broken Rib. Now the Lungs are covered with a coate comming from the membrane called Pleura interweaved with nerves of the sixt conjugation from the braine which was cause of the extreame paine he felt likewise he he had a great difficultie of breathing which proceeded from the blood which was spilt in the capacitie of the Thorax and upon the Diaphragme the principall instrument of respiration and from the dilaceration of the muscles which are betweene each Rib which helpe also to make the expiration and the inspiration and likewise because the Lungs were torne and wounded by the Bullet which hath caused him ever since to spit blacke and putrid blood in coughing The Feaver seazed him soone after he was hurt with faintings and swoonings It seemed to mee that the said feaver proceeded from the putredinous vapours arising from the blood which is out of his proper vessells which hath fallen downe and will yet flow downe The wound of the Lungs is growne great and will grow more
of an hand and he said he felt there a great paine and smarting and likewise in his reines inso much that hee could not take any rest night or day neither had hee any appetite to eate but to drinke enough it was told mee hee fell often into faintings and swoonings and sometimes as it were into an Epilepsie and had often-times desire to vomit with such a trembling that hee could not carry his hands to his mouth Seeing and considering all these great accidents and the forces much abated truly I was much grieved to have gone to him because me thought there was little appearance that he could escape Notwithstanding to give him courage and good hope I told him that I would quickly set him on foote by the grace of God and the Physitions and Chirurgions helpe Having seene him I went a walking into a Garden where I prayed to God that hee would give me the grace to cure him and that hee would give a blessing to our hands and medicaments to combate against so many complicated maladies I bethought in my minde the wayes I must keepe to doe it They called mee to dinner I entred into the kitehin where I saw taken out of a great pot halfe a Mutton a quarter of Veale three great peeces of Beefe and two Pullets and a great peece of Bacon with great store of good Hearbes Then I said to my selfe this broth was full of juice and of good nourishment After dinner all the Physitions and Chirurgions assembled we entred into conference in the presence of Monsieur the Duke of Ascot and some Gentlemen that did accompany him I began to tell the Chirurgions that I mervailed much they had made no apertions in the Marquesses thigh which was all apostemated and the matter which issued out was very foule and stinking which shewed it had a long time lurked there and that I had found with my probe a Caries in the bone and small scales which were already separated they made mee answer hee would never give consent and likewise it was almost two monthes since they could winne him to put on cleane sheets on his bed neither dust one scarce touch the coverlet he fee lt so great paine Then said I for to cure him we must touch other things than the coverlet of the bed Each one said what hee thought best of the Lords greefe and for conclusion held it altogether deplorable I told them there was yet some hope because of his youth and that God and nature doe sometime such things which seeme to Physitions and Chirurgions to bee impossible My consultation was that all these accidents were come by reason of the bullet hitting neare the joynt of the knee which had broken the Ligaments tendons and aponeureses of the muscles which tye the sayd joynt together with the Os femoris also nerves veines and arteries from whence had followed paine inflammation aposteme and ulcer and that wee must begin the cure by the disease which was the cause of all the sayd accidents that is to say to make apertions to give issue to the matter reteined in the interspaces of the muscles and in the substance of them Likewise to the bones which caused a great corruption in the whole thigh from whence the vapors did arise and were carryed to the heart which caused the sincope and the feaver and the feaver an universall heate through the whole body and by consequent depravation of the whole Occonomie Like-wise that the said vapours were communicated to the braine which caused the Epilipsie and trembling and to the stomacke disdaine and loathing and hindred it from doing his functions which are cheefely to concoct and disgest the meate and to convert it into Chyluâ— which not being well concocted they ingender crudities and obstructions which makes that the parts are not nourished and by consequent the body dryes and growes leane and because also it did not doe any exercise for every part which hath not his motion remaineth languid and atrophiated because the heate spirits are not sent or drawne thither from whence followes mortification And to nourish and fatten the body frictions must be made universally through the whole body with warme linnen cloathes above below on the right side and left and round about to the end to draw the blood and spirits from within outward and to resolve any fuliginous vapours retained betweene the skinne and the flesh thereby the parts shall be nourished and restored as I have heretofore sayd in the tenth booke treating of wounds of Gunshot and wee must then cease when we see heate and rednesse in the skinne for feare of resolving that wee have already drawne and by consequent make it become more leane As for the Vlcer which he had upon his rumpe which came through too long lying upon it without being remooved which was the cause that the spirits could not florish or shine in it by the meanes of which there should bee inflammation aposteme and then ulcer yea with losse of substance of the subject flesh with a very great paine because of the nerves which are disseminated in this part That wee must likewise put him into another soft bed and give him a cleane shirt and sheets otherwise all that wee could doe would serve for nothing because that those excrements and vapors of the matter retained so long in his bed are drawne in by the Systole and Diastole of the Arteries which are disseminated through the skin and cause the spirits to change and acquire an ill quality and corruption which is seene in some that shall lye in a bed where one hath sweate for the Pox who will get the Pox by the putrid vapours which shall remaine soaked in the sheets and coverlets Now the cause why he could in no wise sleepe and was as it were in a consumption t' was because he eate little and did not doe any exercise and because hee was grieved with extreame paine For there is nothing that abateth so much the strength as paine The cause why his tongue was dry and fowle was through the vehemence of the heate of the feaver by the vapors which ascended through the whole body to the mouth For as we say in a common proverbe when an Oven is well heate the throate feeles it Having discoursed of the causes and accidents I sayd they must be cured by their contraries and first we must appease the paine making apertions in the thigh to evacuate the matter retained not evacuating all at a time for feare least by a sodaine great evacuation there might happen a great decay of spirits which might much weaken the patient and shorten his dayes Secondly to looke unto the great swelling and cold in his Legge fearing least it should fall into a Gangreene and that actuall heate must bee applyed unto him because the potentiall could not reduce the intemperature de potentiâ— ad actum for this cause hot brickes must bee applyed round about on which should bee cast a
persons 17. Wherefore some are hereditary 886. supernaturall 989. Monstrous accidents in them 996 Dislocations their kinds and manner 593. their differences 594. Causes ib. Signes 595. Prognosticks 595. The generall cure 564. 597. Symptomes that may be fall a dislocated member 634 Dislocation of the jaw 600. The cure ibid. 601. Of the Collar-bone 601. Of the spine 602. Of the head 603. Of the necke 603. Of the Rumpe 607. Of the Ribs ibid. Of the shoulder 608. Of the Elbow 619. Of the Styliformis processus 621. Of the wrest 622. Of the After-wrest 623. Of the Fingers ibid. Of the thigh or hip ibid. Of the whirlebone 630. Of the knee forwards 631. Of the greater and lesse Focile 631. 632. Of the heele 632. Of the Pasterne or Anckle bone 633. Of the instep and backe of the foote 633. Of the toes 634 Dismembring see Amputation Distemperature and the diver sity thereof 41 Distillation and the kinds thereof 1093. Fornaces the vessells therefore 1094. What to be considered therein 1095. How to prepare the materialls therefore 1098 How to distill waters 1099. How aqua vita 1100. How to rectifie them 1101. To distill in the Sun ibid. By filtring 1102. Of Oyles 1103. Of Spirits 1105. Of Oyles out of Gummes 1107. Of Oyle of Vitrioll 1108 Docillity of Beasts 69 Dogs their love to their masters 61. Their docillitie 69. Why they become mad sooner than other creatures 785. How their bites may be knowne 786. Prognosticks 787. The cure of such as are bitten by them 788 Dorycnium the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 805 Doves free from adultery 62 Draco marinus the Sea Dragon his poysonous puncture the symptomes cure 801 Dracunculus what 315. The cure 316 Dragons their craft 68 Dreames of the sangnine cholericke phlegmaticke and malancholicke persons 17 18. Not to be neglected 36 Dropsie what 299. The differences Symptomes and causes ibid. Signes and prognosticks 300. The cure 301. Following upon a Tumor of the mesentery 930 Dugges their substance magnitude c. 137 What to be done to them to dry up milke 918 Duodemum the magnitude c. 105 Dura mater what 164. The hurts thereof by Trepanning and how helped 373. Remedies for the inflammation and the Apostumation thereof 374. Why it easily endures acride medicines 375 E Eares their parts and composure 189. Their wounds and cure 386. To supply their defects 875. Their ulcers 479. Their stopping and things falling into them how helped 655 Eares of the heart 145 Eare wax for what use it serves 190 Earth a cold and dry element 6 Earthquakes their cause 415 Ecchymosis what and how cured 343 Echo the cause thereof 190 Effects of Phlegme 14. Of choler and melancholy 15 Ejaculatorie vessells in men 121. In women 127 Elbow the dislocation thereof 619. how to restore it dislocated outwardly 619. To the inside 621. Why most subject to anchyliosis ibid. Elements how understood and their principall qualities 6. What those of generation are 7. What these of mixt bodies are ibid. The cause of their transmutation 415 Elephants their strength piety c. 62 63. Where bred and their qualities 1019 Embalming the dead 1130. The manner how 1131 Embrion when it takes that name 893 Embrocation what how performed 1063 Emollient and resolving medicines 275 278 Emplasters what their differences 1058. Signes they are perfectly boyled 1059. Their use 1061. Cautions in their application 269 270 Emplastrum de Vigo cum Mercurio 1060 De gratia Dei ibid. De Betonica sive de Ianua ibid. Oxycrocium 1061. De cerusa ibid. Tripharmacum seâ—â—igrum ibid. Diapalma seu Diacalcitheos ibid. Contra Rupturam ib. De Mucilaginibus ibid. De minio ibid. Diachylum magnum ibid. Empyema what 298. The cure thereof 299 Emptinesse 37 Emulgens Arteria 114. Vena 116 Enarthrosis a kind of articulation 242 Enterocele a kind of Rupture 304 Ephemera febris 260. The causes and signes thereef ibid. The cure 262 Epidermis 88 Epidydimis 119 EpigastriuÌ„ what 87. The containing parts thereof ibid. Epigastrica vena 117 Epiglottis what 195 Epiploon what 101 Epiplois vena 113 Epiplocele 304 Epithemes to strengthen the principall parts 845. Their composition and use 1064 Epomis musculus 216 Epulis what the symptomes and cure 292 Epuloticke or skinning medicines their kinds and use 1045 Errhines their differences discription and use 1068 Erysipelas what 262. What tumors referred thereto 253 The differences thereof 262. Prognosticks 267. Their cure ibid. Erythrois tunica 119 Eschar how to hasten the falling away thereof 856. Medicines causing it 1047 Escharoticks 1047. Why used to spreading Vlcers 401 Estrich betweene a bird and a beast 1014. The sceleton of one 1015 Evacuation and the kinds thereof 37. What to be observed therein 38 Eunnches assimulated to women 27 Excrements of the first second and third concoction what 898 Exercise the use and best time for it 34. The quality thereof 35 Exomphalos or standing forth of the navill 303 Epostosis in Lue venerea 746 Experience without reason of what account 45 Eye-browes 181 Eyelids 181. To stay them being too laxe 641. To open them fastned together 643. To helpe their itching 644 Eyes their site and quicknesse 181. Figure composure c 182. Their muscles coates humors 182 183 184. their wounds 379. to hide the losse or defect of them 669 their ulcers 476. their cure 477. their affects 641 642 c. their inflammation 645 F. FAce a discloser of affections and passions 40. the wounds thereof 378. How to helpe the rednesse thereof 1080 Faculties what 21. their division 22 Falling downe of the Fundament the causes and cure thereof 313 Fat the substance and cause c. thereof 90. 91. Why not generated under the skull 377. How to be distinguished from the Braine ibid. the cure thereof being wounded 398 Fauces what 194 Faulcon her sight with the Herne 70 Faults of conformation must be speedily helped 904. Of the first concoction not helped in the after 707 Feare and the effects thereof 39 Feaver sometimes a symptome otherwhiles a disease Feavers accompanying Phlegmons and their cure 260. Happening upon Erysipelous tumors 165. Vpon Oedematous tumors 275. Vpon Schirrous tumors 284. The cure of bastard intermitting Feavers 286 Feet and their bones 233. Their twofold use 236 Feirce Clare a fish 803 Females of what seede generated 888 Fibra auris what 189 Fibula 231 Figures in Anatomy and first of the forepart of man 86. Of the backparts 87. Of the lower belly and parts thereof 100 102 107 114 122. Of the stomacke 104. Of the vessells of seede and Vrine 118. Of the Bladder and Yard 124. Of the wombe 127. Of some parts in women different from those of men 131. Of the hollow veine 149. Of the Arteries 154. Of the rough Artery or weazon 157. First and and second of the braine 164. Third of the Cerebellum 167. Fourth and fifth of the braine 169. The sixth of the braine 170. Seaventh shewing the
Nerves of the Braine 171. The eighth of the braine 173. Of the spinall marrow 176. Of the Eye 185. Of the chiefe muscles of the face 188. Of the lower Iaw 189. Of the eares 190. Of the backbone 197. Of the muscles in sundry parts of the body 199 200 201 202 203 204 247. Of the nerves 215. Of the bones in the hands 220. Of the thigh-bone 228. Of the bones of the feete 235. Of the Sceleton 239 240 241 Figures of Instruments used in Chirurgery See Instruments Figures of divers sorts of Iavelins and Arrow heads 438 Figures of monsters 962 963 c. Of divers beasts c. as of the Succarath 61. Of the Elephant 63. 1020. Of the Rhinoceros 65. Of the Cammell 71. Of the Crocodile 77 1023. Of a Crab 279. Of the Scorpion c. 762 764. Of the Serpent Hamorrhous 791. Of the Serpent seps 792. Of the basiliske 793. Of the salamander and Torpedo 794. Of the sting-Ray 803. Of the Sea-hare 804. Of the Monke and Bishop-fish 1002. Of the Sea Devill 1004. Of the Sea Morse and Bore 1105. 1006. Of the Fish Hoga 1008. Of a monstrous flying fish 1009. Of Bernard the Hermite 1010. Of the sayling fiish 1011. Of the Whale 1013. Of an Estrich 1014. Of the birds of Paradise 1016. Of a Giraffa 1018. Of a Beast called Thanacth 1021. Of the beast Haijt a monstrous African beast 1022 of a Chamaeleon 1024. Figures of Furnaces and other things fit for distillation 1096 1093 1099 1101 1102. 1104. 1106 1109. Figure of a fractured arme with a wound in a fit posture 576. Of a Leg fractured with a wound and bound up 584. Of Ligatures for extension 598. How to restore the dislocated spine 605. Of putting the shoulder into joynt 609 610 611 612 613 614. Of the Ambi and the use thereof 615 616. Of restoring the dislocated Elbow 610. Of the thighbone dislocated inwards 628. Outwards 629. Of restoring a knee dislocated forwards 631 Figure of a Semicupium 670. Of a Barrell to be used in the cure of a Caruncle 743. Of the Helmet floure 807. Of the site of the child in the wombe 900. Of leaden Nipples 912. Of a glasse to sucke the breasts with 919 Figures of Artificiall Eyes 870. Of Noses 871. Of Teeth 872. Palats 873. How to supply the defect of the tongue 874. of the Eares 875. Iron Breastplates 876. of an Vrine-Bason and artificiall Yard 877. of an iron finger stall 878. of an erector of the Hand 879. of Bootes for such as are crookelegged 880. of an artificiall hand 881. of an arme and legge 882 883. of a Crutch 884 Filings of Lead their harme taken inwardly and cure 811. Filtration the manner and use thereof 1102 Fingers and their parts c. 218. their dislocation 623. Why easily restored ibid. how to take away such as be superfluous and helpe those that sticke together 661. How to supply their defects 878. Fire and the qualities thereof 6. The force thereof against the Plague 823 Fishes their industry 57. They may be tamed 64 Fisher a Fish so called 68 Flatulent Tumors their causes signes and cure 269 Flatulencies about the joynts counterfeiting the Goute 718 Fistula lachrimosa see Aegilops Fistulaes what their differences signes c. 484. Their cure ibid. In the Fundament 485. The cure 486. Vpon wounds of the Chest and the cure 391 Fleshy Pannicle the History thereof 90 Flesh quickly putrifies in maritime parts 416 Flexores musculi 230. Superior 238 Flux of blood in wounds how helped 328 Flux of the belly how to bee stopped 865 866 Flying fish of a monstrous shape 1009 Focile what 231. How to cure the separation of the greater and lesser 631. The separation from the pasterne bone 632 Fomentations and their use 1063. For broken bones 591. They hurt plethoricke bodies 591. What to bee observed in their use 591 634. Fornaces their matter and forme 1094 1096 1097 c. Fornix 168 Foxes and their craft 67 Fracture what and the differences thereof 501. Their causes 562. Signes and prognosticks ibid. Their generall cure 564. How to helpe the symptomes 566. Why deadly in the joynt of the shoulder 570. why neare a joynt more dangerous 581 Fractures of the scull their differences 337 338. Of the causes and signes 339 Signes manifest to sense 346. A Fissure the first kind of Fracture 341. How to finde it being lesse manifest 342 A contusion the second kind of fracture 343. An Effracture the third kind 346. A Seat the fourth kind 348. Resonitus the fift kind ibid. The Proguosticks 352. generall cure of them and their symptomes 356. They are hurt by venery 359 By noise 360. The particular cure 362. Why Trepaâ—ed 364 Fractures more particularly and first of the nose 567. Of the lower jaw ibid. Of the Collar-bone 568. Of the shoulderblade 569. Of the breast bone 570. Of the Ribs 571. Of the vertebrae or Rack-bones 573. Of the Holy-bone 574. Of the Rumpe ibid. Of the Hip ibid. Of the shoulder or armebone 575. Of the Cubite or Ell a Wand ibid. Of the Hand 577. Of the Thigh ibid. Of the Thigh neare the joynt 581. Of the patella or whirle-bone 582. Of the legge 582. Of the bones of the feete 591 Fractures associated with wounds how to be bound up 557 584 French Poxes see Lues venerea Frictions their kinds and use 34 Fuci how made 1078 Fumigations their differences matter and forme 1072 1073 Fundament the falling downe thereof 313 958. The causes and cure ibid. Fungus an excrescence sometimes happening in Fractures of the scull 370 371 G. GAlens Effigies and praise 1118 Gall and the bladder thereof c. 110 Ganglion what 272. Properly so called 274 Gangreene what 452. The generall and particall causes ibid. That which is occasioned by cold upon what part it seases 454. Signes 454. Prognosticks 455. The generall cure ibid. The particular cure 456 Gargareon 193 Gargarismes their matter and for me 1070. repelling ripening and detergent ones 297 Garlicke good against the Plague 823 Gastrica vena 112 Gastrepiplois vena 112 Major 〈◊〉 113 Geese their warinesse in fleeing over mount Taurus 68 Gemelli musculi 237 Gemini musculi 230 Generation what it is 23. What necessary thereto 889 Generation of the Navill 891 Giddinesse see Vertigo Ginglymos what 243 Giraffa a strange beast 1017 1018 Glandula what sort of Tumor 272 Glandula lachrimalis 182 Glandules in generall 108. At the roote of the tongue 193. Their inflammation and cure 293 294 Glans penis 126. Not rightly perforated how to be helped 663 Glysters their differences materialls c. 1050. Severall descriptions of them 1051. They may nourish 1052 Goates dung is good to discusse sehirrâ—ous tumors 279 Golden ligature how made 309 Gomplosis what 243 Gonorrhaea how different from a virulent strangury 738. The cure 740 Gout the names and kinds thereof 697. The occult causes thereof ibid. The manifest causes thereof 699. out of what parts it may flow
419. 420. c. Dilaters Probes to draw through flammula's 422. to draw forth arrow-heads 439. 441. A scarificator 446. A dismembring knife saw 459. A dilater to open the mouth 464. A pyoulcos or Matter-drawer 479. A Glossocomium 578. A lattin Casse 587. A pulley and hand-vice 599. the glossocomium called Ambi 615. litle hooks needles and an incision knife to take away the Web 648. files for filing the teeth 658. for cleansing drawing the teeth 660. cutting mullets to take off superfluous fingers 662. a Cathaeter 665. Gimblet to break the stone in the passage of the yard 671. other instruments to take out the stone 672. used in cutting for the stone 673. c. 680. 681. 〈◊〉 Lancet Cupping-glasses 695. Horns to be used for ventoses 696. Cathaeters to weare away caruncles 744. Trepans for rotten bones 748. actuall cauteries 749. Gryphons tallons 927. 929. Hooks to draw forth the childe 916. Specula matricis 956 Instruments when necessary in restoring broken bones 565 Intercartalaginei musculi 206. 2071 Intercostalis arteria 113. 153 Intercostales musculi externi 206. interni 207 Interosses musculi 223. 239. Intestinalis vena 112 Intromoventes musculi 230 Joy and the effects thereof 39 Joints their wounds 403. how to strengthen them 708. how to mitigate their paines caused onely by distemper 716 Ischiadica vena 224. Ischium oâ— 227 Issues or fontanells 706 Itching of the Wombe 957 Judgement why difficult 1131 Junks what 559. their use 560. K. KAll its substance c. 101. 102. what to be done when it falls out in wounds 308 Kernels of the eares 189. Kibes where bred 238 Kidneyes their substance c. 117. signes that they are wounded 397 ulcers their cure 481. 686. their heat how tempered 850 Kings-evil what the cause 274. the cure 275 Knee dislocated forward how to restore it 631 L. LAgophthalmia what 378. the causes and cure 642 Lamenes how helped 884 Lamprey their care of their young 64 Lampron their poysonons bite 801 Larinx what meant thereby 194. its magnitude figure composure c. ib. Latissimus musculus 208 Leaches see Horse-leaches Legge taken in generall what 223. the bone therof 231. the wounds 399. the fracture cure 582. the cure of the Authors legge being broken 582. 585. their crookednesse how helped 879. defect supplied 882. 883 Leprosie the causes therof 769. the signes 770 c. why called Morbus Ieoninus 771 the prognosticks diet cure 773. it sometimes followes the Lues venerea 724 Lepus marinus the poyson the symptomes cure 803 Levator musculus 208. Levatores Ani 107 Life what its effects 895. See Soule Ligaments their use 96. why without sense 198 their difference 199. their wounds 404. Ligatures for wounds are of three sorts 325 too hard hurtfull 374. they must bee neatly made 555. for what uses they chiefly serve 358. in use at this day for fractures 579. how infractures joyned with wounds 584 which for extension 598. See Bandages Lightning the wonderfull nature the stinking smell therof 414. how it may infect the Aire 781 Lime unquencht the hurtfull quality cure 810 Linimeâ—â—s are not to be used in wounds of the Chest 390. their matter form use 1055 Lion his provident care in going 66 Lion of the sea 1003. Lippiâ—udo 644 Litharge its poysonous quality cure 810 Liver what 109. its substance c. ibid. 110. sggns of the wounds therof 396. why it is called parenchyma 893 Loines their nerves 226 Loâ—gus musculus 205. 218. 232 Laies venerea what 723. the hurt it causeth ib. the causes thereof 724. in what humor the malignity resideth 725. it causes more pain in the night than in the day ib. sometimes lyes long hid ib. signes therof 746. prognosticks 727. how to be oppugned 728. to whom wine may be allowed 730. the second manner of cure ibid. the third manner of cure 734. the fourth maner 736. how to cure its symptomes 737. it causes bunches on the bones 746. rotten bones how perceived cured 747. tettars and chaps occasioned thereby and their cure 754. how to cure children of this disease 755. it kills by excesse of moisture 779 Lumbaris regio sive lumbi 85. Arteria 114. Vena 116. Lumbrici musculi 222. 239 Lungs their substance c. 142. 143. signes of their wounds 388. which curable 392. Lupiae what their causes and cure 272 Luxation 593. which uncureable 95. Lying in bed how it must bee 36 M MAdde dogge see Dogge Magick and the power thereof 989 Magistrates office in time of plague 829 Males of what seed generated 888 Malleolus one of the bones of the auditory passage 163. 191 Mammillary processes 166. their use 169 Mammaria arteria 153 Man his excellency 74. c. the division of his body 83. why distinguished into male and female 885 Mandrake its danger and cure 806 Marrow why it may seeme to have the sense of feeling 589 Masseter muscle 188 Mastoideus musculus 204 Masticatories their forme and use 1069 Matrix see Wombe Medow-saffron the poysonous quality therof and cure 809 Meat the quantity and quality thereof 31 accustomed more grateful and nourishing 32. order to be observed in eating 33. the time ib. fit to generate a Callus 589 Meazels what their matter 757. why they itch not 758. their cure 759 Mediastinum its substance c. 141 Medicines their excellency 1027. their definition and difference in matter and substance 1028. in qualities and of their first faculties 1029. their second third fourth faculties 1033. the preparation 1037. the composition necessity and use therof 1049 Megrim the causes c. thereof 640 Melancholy the temper therof 11. the nature consistence c. 13. the effects thereof 15. of it corrupted 16 Melancholick persons their complexion c 18. why they hurt themselves 786. Meliceris what kinde of tumor 271 Membranosus musculus 232 Memorie what 897 Menstruall fluxe signes of the first approach thereof 950. See Courses Meninges their number c. 164 Mercury sublimate its caustick force 809 the cure 810 Meremaid 1004 Mesentery its substance c. 108. the tumors therof 929. the sink of the body 930 Midriffe its substance c. 141. 142. signes of the wounds thereof 388 Milk soon corrupts in a phlegmatick stomack 907. the choice therof 909. how to drive it downewards 918. Millepes cast forth by urine 762 Milt see Spleene Mola the reason of the name and how bred 925. how to be discerned from a true conception 925. a history and description of a strange one 926. the figure thereof 927. what cure to be used thereto 928. Mollifying medicines 141. 142 Monks-hood the poyson and cure 905 Monstrous creatures bred in man 762 c. Monsters what 961 their causes descriptions 962. c. caused by defect of seed 975. by imagination 978. by straitnesse of the womb 980. by the site of the mother ib. by a stroak c. 981. by confusion of seed of divers
itch Why these ulcerâ—ate hard to beâ—icaâ—â—iâ—ed Two sorts of Epuloticks Remedies against the deformity of scarres Ointments to attenuate and take away scars Why the pestilent malignity is not carâ—ied away by one way but by many We must have chiefe regard to the motion of nature Signes of future sweat A Crises must not be expected in the Plague How to procure vomit Why vomit must not be forced The effect of spitting in pestilent diseases The force of salivation The force of sneesing The commodities of belching The whole body purged by urine When we ought to abstaine from diureticks How to provoke the courses How atomatick things provoke the courses Pessaries to provoke the retms How to stop the courses flowing too immoderately How to provoke the haemorrhoides What a Diarrhaea is What a Dysenteria is The cause of various and stinking excrements in the plague A history A potion Suppositories A hasty pudding to stay the lacke D. Chappelaines medicine to stay a scouring 〈◊〉 Ointments Glysters to stay â—… A glyster for ulcerated guts A very astringent glystar A nourishing glyster Tumours are oft-times discussed by the force of nature after they are suppurated The nurse must be dicted when as the child is sick Medicines may be given to such as are weaned Lib. 9. simp cap. 7. The benefit sweate The forme of a purge to be given to a child The fourth duty of a Surgeon Why the parts of plants being cut off may grow againe but those of man cannot A strange cure for a cut off nose A history Sect. 〈◊〉 lib. de art sent â—5 The causes and hurt that ensues of the lost pallat A remedy found out by accident A history Causes of crookednesse An instrument for such as cannot hold their water A history What varus is What valgus is A plaster to hold fast rest red bones The distinction of male and female The cause of this distinction What seed is The conditions of good seed Seed falleaâ— from all the parts of the body Wherefore many diseases are hereditary How feed is to be understood to fall from the whole body What moueth a man to copulation Why the genitall are endued with a whayish moisture The cause of the foldings of the sper maticke vessels Womens testcles more imperfect Why many men and women abhorre renercous copulation Why the strangury ensueth immoderate copulation What things necessary unto generation Why a male why a female is engendered Why men children are sooner formed in the womb than women The seed is that in power from whence each â—…ing commeth 〈…〉 floweth Why the children are most commonly like unto their fathers When children should be begotten Why often times the child resembleth the Grand-father Why sometime those that are â—…ased do get â—…d children Why the sense of venereous acts is given to brute beasts Why of brute beasts the males raging with lust follow after the females Wherefore a woman when she is with childe desireth copulation How women may be moved to venery and conception The meeting of the seeds most necessary for generation Spots or speeks in the faces of those that are with childe Why many women being great with childe refuse laudable meates and desire those that are illaudable contrary to nature The suppressed tearmes divided into three parts Hip. 1. de morb mul. Aph. 41. sect 5. Why the female seede is nutriment for the male seed A compendious way to understand humane conception Lib. de nat puer What the Cotylidones are The veine never joyneth it selfe with the artery Hippocrates calleth all the membranes that compasse the infant in the wombe according to the judgement of 〈◊〉 in his booke de usu partium by the name of the secundines An old opinion confuted To what use the knots of the childs navell in the wombe serveth The child in the wombe taketh his nutriment by his navell not by his mouth How the child breatheth The three bladders When the seede is called an embrion Why the live called Parenchyma Why the greater portion of goeth into generation of the head and braine Why the head is placed on the top of the body Exod. 20. qu. 52. The molae in the wombe liveth not as the child The life goeth not into the masse of seed that doth engender the child before the body of the child and each part thereof hath his perfect proportion and forme Why the life or soule doth not presently execute all his offices 1 Cor. c. 12. What the soule or life is The life is in all the whole bodys and in every portion thereof The life or soule is simple and indivisible Divers names and the reason of divers names that are given to humane formes Three kinds of living bodies The superiour soule containeth in it selfe all the powers of the inferiour What the common sense is The function of the common sense is double For what cause the internall sense is called the common sense The common sense understandeth or knoweth those things that are simple onely What Imagination is What Reason is The functions of Reason What Memory is Wisdome the daughter of memory and experience What an excrement is The excrement of the fist concoction The excrement of the second concoction is triple The excrement of the third concoction is triple The use of the navellstring The signes of speedy and easie deliverance Children born without a passage in their fundament Aph. 42. sect 5. Aph. 47. sect 3. Why the infant is borne sometimes with his head forwards In the time of childe birth the bones of Ilium and Os sacrum are drawne extended one from another An Italian fable The situation of the infant in the wombe is divers Mankinde hath no certain time of bringing forth young Why the child is scarce alive in the eight moneth Lib. 4. de hist anim cap. 7. The naturall easie child birth How the woman that travelleth in child-birth must bee placed in her bed An unction to supply the defect of the waters that are flowed out too long before the birth A powder to cause speedy deliverance in child-birth Aph. 35. 45. sect 5. A potion causing speedy deliverance What a woman in travell must take presently after her deliverance The cause of the after-throwes Why the secundine or after-birth must bee taken away presently after the birth of the childe The binding of the childs navel-string after the birth The defaults that are coÌ„monly in children newly borne The defaults of conformation must be speedily amended Remedies for the cancer in a childs mouth An old fable of King Chypus Which uncurable Which and how they are curable Why it is called the secundines The causes of the staying of the secundines Accidents that follow the staying of the secandines The manner of drawing out the 〈…〉 that 〈…〉 after the birth The cause of the falling down of the wombe Thr accidents that come of the 〈◊〉 pulling 〈…〉 the wombe together 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 secundine To draw fleame from the
childs mouth Milke soon corrupted in a flegmatick stomack The mothers milke is most similiar for the child The disease of the nurse is participated unto the child Gel. lib. 12. ca. 1. The best age of a nurse The best habit of body in a autse Lib. de inf nutr Of what behaviour the nurse must bee Why the nurse must abstaine from copulation What dugs a nurse ought to have What is to bee observed in the milke The laudable consistence of milke Why the milke ought to be very white Why a woman that hath red hair or freckles on her face cannot be a good nurse Why that nurse that hath borne a man childe is to be preferted before another Why she cannot be a good nurse whose childe was born before the time Anger greatly hurteth the nurse The exercise of the arms is best for the nurse How the child should be placed in the cradle Why an arch of wickers must be made over the childes head lying in the cradle Why a squint-eyed nurse causeth the childe to be squint-eyed How children become left-handed Three laudable conditions of pappe How the meale must be prepared to make the pap withall Why the meale wherewith the pap must be made must first be boiled or baked 1. de sanit 〈◊〉 A cataplasme to relaxe the childs belly For the fretting of the guts in children For the ulcers of the nipples or teats What moderate crying worketh in the infant What immoderate crying causeth When children must be weaned Why children must not be weaned before their 〈◊〉 appeare How children must be weaned What children are strong and found of body An often cause of sudden crookednesse A most certaine sign of the child dead in the wombe When the child is dead in the wombe hee is more heavie than he was before being alive That which is alive will not suffer that which is dead Lib. de tumorib Why the belly of a woman will be more bigge when the child is dead within her than it was before when it was alive The signes of a woman that is weake After what sort the woman in travell must be placed when the child being dead in her wombe must be drawne out How she must be bound How the Chirurgion ought to prepare himselfe and his patient to the drawing out of the child from the wombe How the infant that is dead in the womb must be turned bound and drawne out A caution to avoid strangling of the infant in drawing out the body Why the child must not bee drawn out with his hands forwards A history To diminish the wind wherewith the infant being dead in the wombe swolleth is pufted up that he cannot be gotten out of the wombe How the head of the infant if it remaine in the wombe separated from the body may be drawne out Why the head being alone in the wombe is more difficult to be drawne out Cold an enemy to women in travell What accidents follow the taking of cold in a woman that is delivered of child Secundines must be laid to the region of the wombe whilest they be warme Uugaents for the woman in travell that the region of the belly may not be wtiakled The medicine called Tela Gualterina A powder for the fretting of the guts What must bee done when the groine is torne in child-birth To drive the milke downe-wards By what reason and which way cupping-glasses being fastened on the groine or above the navell do draw the milke out of the breasts Astringent fomentations for the privie parts A distilled liquor for to draw together the dug that are loose and slacke The causes of the difficult child-birth that are in the women that travelleth The pasâ—ions of â—…hinâ—â—r the â—â—th The causes of difficult child-birth that are in the infant The externall causes of difficult child-birth Which is an easie birth What causeth easinesse of child-birth What Abortion is What Effluxion is Women are in more paine by reason of the effluxion than at the true birth The causes of Abortion Girding of the belly may cause untimely birth How bathes hot houses cause untimely birth Hip. 53. 37 sect 5. Hipaph 45. se 5. Hip. aph 〈◊〉 se 5. Women are in more pain at the untimely birth than at the due time of birth The errour of the first child-birth continues afterwards A plaster staying the infant in the wombe What children are ten or eleven moneths in the wombe A male will bee borne sooner than a female Why it is not sufficient to preserve life in the childe to hold open the mouth and privie parts of the mother so soone as the is dead and the childe alive in her body How the body of the woman that death in travell must be cut open to save the childe How it may bee known whether the infant be â—…live of not What superfoetation is A womans wombe is not 〈◊〉 into divers cels The reason of superfoetation Lib. de superfoetationâ—… 〈◊〉 the womb 〈◊〉 the conception of the seed doth ma 〈◊〉 â—imes afterwards open Lib. 7. cap. 11. The reason of the name What a mola is Lib. de steril Cap. 7. lib. 4. de usu part How the mola is engendered The signes of a mola enclosed in the wombe By what faculty the wombe moveth How the motion of the mola differeth from the motion of the infant in the wombe The mola doth turne to each side of the wombe as the situation of the body is A history The description of a mola carried seventeene yeeres in the wombe A vaine or unprofitable conception The mola 〈…〉 the infant in the 〈…〉 it is fastened unto it There things that provoke the flowers forcibly due also 〈…〉 or wast the mola The Chirurgion all 〈…〉 of the mola A history Apostumes of divers kinds in the Mesenterium The accidents that come when the Mesentertum is separated from the bodies adjoyning The dropsie comming of a tumour of the Mesenterium Tom. 1. 〈◊〉 1. c. 1. Lib 6. part morb cap. 7. The Mesenterium is the sinke of the body The Scrophulaes in the Mesenterium A scirrhus of the wombe How the seed is unfertile How the cutting of the veines behind the eares maketh men barren The defaults of the yard The signe of the palsie in the yard Magick bands and enchanted knots The cause why the neck of the wombe is narrow The membrane called Hymen The cause of the fluxe of women Apb 36. sect 5. Gal. lib. 14. de usu par cap. 9. Arist in prob sect de ster quae 3. 4. The signes of a hot wombe The signes of a cold wombe The signes of a moyst wombe The signes of a dry wombe A meet time for conception Arist l. 7. de hist anim c. 2. c. 5. Lib. 7. cap. 14. Lib. 6. cap. 12. Lib. 7. de hist c. nim c. 1. c. 6. lib. 7. cap. 14. What is the falling downe of the wombe The causes 〈…〉 lib. 7. de histor 〈◊〉 cap. 〈◊〉
as it were in a bagge and cast them therein into the bath wherein Iron red hot hath beene extinguished and let the woman that hath lately travelled sit downe therein so long as shee pleaseth and when shee commeth out let her bee layd warme in bedde and let her take some preserved Orange pill or bread toasted and dipped in Ipocras or in wine brewed with spices and then let her sweate if the sweate will come forth of its owne accord On the next day let astringent fomentations bee applyed to the genitals on this wise prepared â„ž gallar nucum Cupressi corticum granat an â„¥ i. rosar rub mi. thymi majoran an m. ss aluminis rochae salis com an Ê’ii boyle them all together in redde wine and make thereof a decoction for a fomentation for the forenamed use The distilled liquor following is very excellent and effectuall to confirme and to draw in the dugges or any other loose parts â„ž charyophyl nucis moschat nucum cupressi an â„¥ i ss mastich â„¥ ii alumin. roch â„¥ i ss glandium corticis querni an lb ss rosar rubr m. i. cort granat â„¥ ii terrae sigillat â„¥ i. cornu cervi usti â„¥ ss myrtillor sanguinis dracon an â„¥ i. boli armeni â„¥ ii ireos florent â„¥ i. sumach berber Hyppuris an m. ss conquassentur omnia macerentur spatio duorum dierum in lb i ss aquae rosarum lb ii prunorum syvestr mespilorum pomorum quernorum lb ss aquae fabrorum aceti denique fortiss â„¥ iv afterward distill it over a gentle fire and keep the distilled liquor for your use wherewith let the parts be fomented twice in a day And after the fomentation let wollen clothes or stupes of linnen cloth be dipped in the liquor and then pressed out and laid to the place When all these things are done and past the woman may againe keep company with her husband CHAP. XXIX What the causes of difficult and painefull travell in child-birth are THe fault dependeth sometimes on the mother and sometimes on the infant or childe within the wombe On the mother if shee bee more fat if shee bee given to gurmundize or great eating if she be too leane or yong as Savanarola thinketh her to bee that is great with childe at nine yeares of age or unexpert or more old or weaker than shee should bee eyther by nature or by some accident as by diseases that shee hath had a little before the time of child-birth or with a great fluxe of bloud But those that fall in travell before the full and prefixed time are very difficult to deliver because the fruit is yet unripe and not ready or easie to bee delivered If the necke or orifice of the wombe bee narrow eyther from the first conformation or afterwards by some chance as by an ulcer cicatrized or more hard and callous by reason that it hath beene torne before at the birth of some other childe and so cicatrized againe so that if the cicatrizeed place bee not cut even in the moment of the deliverance both the childe and the mother will bee in danger of death also the rude handling of the mydwife may hinder the free deliverance of the child Oftentimes women are letted in travell by shamefac'tnesse by reason of the presence of some man or hate to some woman there present If the secundine bee pulled away sooner than it is necessary it may cause a great fluxe of bloud to fill the wombe so that then it cannot performe his exclusive faculty no otherwise than the bladder when it is distended by reason of overabundance of water that is therein cannot cast it forth so that there is a stoppage of the urine But the wombe is much rather hindred or the faculty of child-bith is stopped or delayed if together with the stopping of the secundine there be either a mole or some other body contrary to nature in the wombe In the secundines of two women whom I delivered of two children that were dead in their bodies I found a great quantity of sand like unto that that is found about the banks of rivers so that the gravell or sand that was in each secundine was a full pound in weight Also the infant may bee the occasion of difficult child-birth as if too bigge if it come overthwart if it come with its face upwards and its buttocks forwards if it come with its feet and hands both forwards at once if it be dead and swolne by reason of corruption if it bee monstrous if it have two bodies or two heads if it bee manifold or seven-fold as Albucrasis affirmeth hee hath seene if there bee a mole annexed thereto if it be very weake if when the waters are flowed out it doth not move or stirre or offer its selfe to come forth Yet notwithstanding it happeneth sometimes that the fault is neither in the mother nor the childe but in the aire which being cold doth so binde congeale and make stiffe the genitall parts that they cannot bee relaxed or being contrariwise too hot it weakeneth the woman that is in travell by reason that it wasteth the spirits wherein all the strength consisteth or in the ignorant and unexpert mydwife who cannot artificially rule and governe the endeavours of the woman in travell The birth is wont to bee easie if it bee in the due and prefixed naturall time if the childe offer himselfe lustily to come forth with his head forwards presently after the waters are come forth and the mother in like manner lusty and strong those which are wont to bee troubled with very difficult child-birth ought a little before the time of the birth to goe into an halfe tub filled with the decoction of mollifying rootes and seeds to have their genitals wombe and necke thereof to bee anoynted with much oyle and the intestines that are full and loaded must bee unburthened of the excrements and then the expulsive faculty provoked with a sharpe glyster that the tumours and swelling of the birth concurring therewith the more easie exclusion may be made But I like it rather better that the woman in travell should be placed in a chaire that hath the backe thereof leaning backwards than in her bed but the chair must have a hole in the bottome whereby the bones that must be dilated in the birth may have more freedome to close themselves againe CHAP. XXX The causes of Abortion or untimely birth ABortion or untimely birth is one thing and effluxion another They call abortion the sudden exclusion of the childe already formed and alive before the perfect maturity thereof But that is called effluxion which is the falling downe of seeds mixed together and coagulated but for the space of a few dayes onely in the formes of membranes or tunicles congealed bloud and of an unshapen or deformed piece of flesh the mydwives of our countrey call it a false branch or budde This effluxion
is the cause of great paine and most bitter and cruell torment to the woman leaving behinde it weaknesse of body farre greater than if the childe were borne at the due time The causes of abortion or untimely birth whereof the the child is called an abortive are many as a great scouring a strangury joyned with heate and inflammation sharpe fretting of the guts a great and continuall cough exceeding vomiting vehement labour in running leaping and dauncing and by a great fall from on high carrying of a great burthen riding on a trotting horse or in a Coach by vehement often and ardent copulation with men or by a great blow or stroke on the belly For all these such like vehement and inordinate motions dissolve the ligaments of the wombe and so cause abortion or untimely birth Also whatsoever presseth or girdeth in the mothers belly and therewith also the wombe that is within it as are those Ivory or Whale-bone buskes which women weare on their bodies thereby to keepe downe their bellies by these and such like things the childe is letted or hindred from growing to his full strength so that by expression or as it were by compulsion hee is often forced to come forth before the legitimate and lawfull time Thundering the noyse of the shooting of great Ordnance the sound and vehement noyse of the ringing of Bells constraine women to fall in travell before their time especially women that are young whose bodies are soft slacke and tenderer than those that bee of riper yeares Long and great fasting a great fluxe of bloud especially when the infant is growne some what great but if it bee but two moneths old the danger is not so great because then hee needeth not so great quantity of nourishment also a long disease of the mother which consumeth the bloud causeth the childe to come forth being destitute of store of nourishment before the fit time Moreover fulnesse by reason of the eating great store of meates often maketh or causeth untimely birth because it depraveth the strength and presseth down the child as likewise the use of meats that are of an evill juice which they lust or long for But bathes because they relaxe the ligaments of the wombe and hot houses for that the fervent and choaking ayre is received into the body provoke the infant to strive to goe forth to take the cold ayre and so cause abortion What women soever being indifferently well in their bodies travell in the second or third moneth without any manifest cause those have the Cotylidones of their womb full of filth and matter and cannot hold up the infant by reason of the weight thereof but are broken Moreover sudden or continuall perturbations of the minde whether they bee through anger or feare may cause women to travell before their time and are accounted as the causes of abortions for that they cause great and vehement trouble in the body Those women that are like to travell before their time their dugs will wax little therefore when a woman is great with childe if her dugs suddenly wax small or slender it is a signe that shee will travell before her time the cause of such shrinking of the dugs is that the matter of the milke is drawne back into the wombe by reason that the infant wanteth nourishment to nourish and succour it withall Which scarcity the infant not long abiding striveth to goe forth to seek that abroad which he cannot have within for among the causes which do make the infant to come out of the womb those are most usually named with Hippocrates the necessity of a more large nutriment and aire Therfore if a woman that is with child have one of her dugs small if she have two children she is like to travell of one of them before the full and perfect time so that if the right dug be small it is a man child but if it be the left dug it is a female Women are in farre more paine when they bring forth their children before the time than if it were at the full and due time because that whatsoever is contrary to nature is troublesome painefull and also oftentimes dangerous If there be any errour committed at the first time of childe-birth it is commonly seene that it happeneth alwayes after at each time of child-birth Therefore to find out the causes of that errour you must take the counsell of some Physician and after his counsell endeavour to amend the same Truly this plaster following being applyed to the reines doth confirme the wombe and stay the infant therein â„ž ladaniÊ’ii galang â„¥ i. nucis moschat nucis cupressi boli armeni terrae sigill sanguin dracon balaust an Ê’ss acatiae psidiorum hypocistid an â„¥ i. mastich myrrhae an Ê’ii gummi arabic Ê’i terebinth venet Ê’ii picis naval â„¥ i. ss ceraequantum sufficit fiat emplast secundem artem spread it for your use upon leather if the part begin to itch let the plaster be taken away in stead thereof use unguent rosat or refrig Galen or this that followeth â„ž olei myrtini mastich cydonior an â„¥ i. hypocist boli armen sang dracon acatiae an Ê’i sant citrini â„¥ ss cerae quant suf make thereof an oyntment according unto art There are women that beare the child in their wombe ten or eleven whole moneths and such children have their conformation of much and large quantity of seede wherefore they will bee more bigge great and strong and therefore they require more time to come to their perfection and maturity for those fruits that are great will not bee so soone ripe as those that are small But children that are small and little of body do often come to their perfection and maturity in seven or nine months if all other things are correspondent in greatnesse and bignesse of body it happeneth for the most part that the woman with child is not delivered before the ninth moneth bee done or at the least wise in the same moneth But a male child will bee commonly borne at the beginning or a little before the beginning of the same moneth by reason of his engrafted heat which causeth maturity and ripenesse Furthermore the infant is sooner come to maturity and perfection in a hot woman than in a cold for it is the property of heat to ripen CHAP. XXXI How to preserve the infant being in the wombe when the mother is dead IF all the signes of death appeare in the woman that lieth in travell and cannot be delivered there must then be a Chirurgian ready and at hand which may open her body so soone as shee is dead whereby the infant may be preserved in safety neither can it bee supposed sufficient if the mothers mouth and privie parts bee held open for the infant being enclosed in his mothers wombe and compassed with the membranes cannot take his breath but by the contractions and
either in a marish or sandy ground cannot prosper well also a mola contained in the wombe the falling down of the wombe the leannesse of the womans body ill humours bred by eating crude and raw fruits or great or over-much drinking of water whereof obstructions and crudities follow which hinder her fruitfulnesse Furthermore by the use of stupefactive things the seminall matter is congealed and restrained and though it flow and be cast out yet it is deprived of the prolificke power and of the lively heat and spirits the orifices or cotylidones of the veines and arteries are stopped and so the passage for the menstruall matter into the wombe is stopped When the Kall is so fat that it girdeth in the wombe narrowly it hindereth the fruitfulnesse of the woman because it will not permit the mans seed to enter into the wombe Moreover the fat and fleshy habit of the man or woman hinder generation For it hindreth them that they cannot joyne their genitall parts together and by how much the more bloud goeth into fat by so much the lesse is remaining to be turned into seed menstruall bloud which two are the originals principals of generation Those women that are speckled in the face some what lean pale because they have their genitals moystned with a saltish sharp and tickling humour are more given to venery than those that are red fat Finally Hippocrates sets downe foure causes onely why women are barren and unfruitfull The first is because they cannot receive the mans seede by reason of the default of the neck of the wombe the second because when it is received into the wombe they cannot conceive it the third is because they cannot nourish it the fourth because they are not able to carry or beare it untill the due and lawfull time of birth These things are necessary to generation the object wil faculty concourse of the seeds and the remaining or abiding thereof in the wombe untill the due and appointed naturall time CHAP. XXXIX The signes of a distempered wombe THat woman is thought to have her wombe too hot whose courses come forth sparingly and with paine and exulcerate by reason of their heate the superfluous matter of the bloud being dissolved or turned into wind by the power of the heat whereupon that menstruall bloud that floweth forth is more grosse and black For it is the property of heat by digesting the thinner substance to thicken the rest and by adustion to make it more black Furthermore shee that hath her genitals itching with the desire of copulation will soone exclude the seede in copulation and shee shall feele it more sharpe as it goeth through the passages That woman hath too cold a wombe whose flowers are either stopped or flow sparingly and those pale and not well coloured Those that have lesse desire of copulation have lesse delight therein and their seed is more liquid and waterish and not stayning a linnen cloth by sticking thereunto and it is sparingly and slowly cast forth That wombe is too moist that floweth continually with many liquid excrements which therefore will not hold the seed but presently after copulation suffereth it to fall out which will easily cause abortion The signes of too dry a wombe appeare in the little quantity of the courses in the profusion of a small quantity of seed by the desire of copulation whereby it may be made slippery by the moysture of the seede by the fissures in the necke thereof by the chaps and itching for all things for want of moysture will soone chap even like unto the ground which in the summer by reason of a great drought or drynesse will chap and chinke this way and that way and on the contrary with moisture it will close and joyne together againe as it were with glew A woman is thought to have all opportunities unto conception when her courses or flowers doe cease for then the wombe is voyd of excrementall filth and because it is yet open it will the more easily receive the mans seede and when it hath received it it will better retaine it in the wrinkles of the cotylidones yet gaping as it were in rough and unequall places Yet a woman will easily conceave a little before the time that the flowers ought to flow because that the menstruall matter falling at first like dew into the wombe is very meet and fit to nourish the seede and not to drive it out againe or to suffocate it Those which use copulation when their courses fall downe abundantly will very hardly or seldome conceive and if they doe conceive the child will be weake and diseased and especially if the womans bloud that flowes out be unfound but if the bloud bee good and laudable the childe will bee subject to all plethoricke diseases There are some women in whom presently after the fluxe of the termes the orifice of the wombe will be closed so that they must of necessity use copulation with a man when their menstruall fluxe floweth if at lest they would conceive at all A woman may beare children from the age of fourteene untill forty or fifty which time whosoever doth exceed will beare untill threescore yeares because the menstruall fluxes are kept the prolificall faculty is also preserved therefore many women have brought forth children at that age but after that time no woman can beare as Aristotle writeth Yet Pliny saith that Cornelia who was of the house of the Scipioes being in the sixty second yeare of her age bare Volusius Saturnius who was Consull Valescus de Tarenta also affirmeth that he saw a woman that bare a childe on the sixty second yeare of her age having borne before on the sixtieth and sixty first yeare Therefore it is to bee supposed that by reason of the variety of the ayre region diet and temperament the menstruall fluxe and procreative faculty ceaseth in some sooner in some later which variety taketh place also in men For in them although the seede be genitable for the most part in the second seventh yeare yet truely it is unfruitfull untill the third seventh yeare And whereas most men beget children untill they bee threescore yeers old which time if they passe they beget till seventy yet there are some knowne that have begot children untill the eightieth yeere Moreover Pliny writeth that Masinissa the King begot a sonne when hee was fourescore and sixe yeeres of age and also Cato the Censor after that he was fourescore CHAP. XL. Of the falling downe or perversion or turning of the wombe THe wombe is said to fall downe and be perverted when it is moved out of its proper and naturall place as when the bands and ligatures thereof being loosed and relaxed it falleth downe unto one side or other or into its owne necke or else passeth further so that it comes out at the necke and a great portion thereof appeares without the privie parts
Therefore what things soever resolve relaxe or burst the ligaments or bands whereby the wombe is tyed are supposed to be the causes of this accident It sometimes happens by vehement labour or travell in childe-birth when the wombe with violence excluding the issue and the secundines also followes and falls downe turning the inner side thereof outward And sometimes the foolish rashnesse of the midwife when shee draweth away the wombe with the infant or with the secundine cleaving fast thereunto and so drawing it downe and turning the inner side outward Furthermore a heavie bearing of the womb the bearing or the carriage of a great burthen holding or stretching of the hands or body upwards in the time of greatnesse with childe a fall contusion shaking or jogling by riding either in a waggon or a coach or on horse backe or by leaping or dancing the falling downe of a more large and abundant humor great griping a strong and continuall cough a Tenesmus or often desire to go to stoole yet not voiding any thing neesing a manifold and great birth difficult bearing of the wombe an astmaticall and orthopnoicall difficulty of breathing whatsoever doth waightily presse downe the Diaphragma or Midriffe or the muscles of the Epigastrium the taking of cold aire in the time of travell with childe or in the flowing of the menstruall fluxe sitting on a cold marble stone or any other such like cold thing are thought often times to bee the occasion of these accidents because they may bring the wombe out of its place It falls downe in many saith Aristotle by reason of the desire of copulation that they have either by reason of the lustinesse of their youth or else because they have abstained a long time from it You may know that the wombe is fallen downe by the pain of those parts where-hence it is fallen that is to say by the entrals loynes os sacrum and by a tractable tumour at the necke of the wombe and often with a visible hanging out of a diverse greatnesse according to the quantity that is fallen downe It is seene sometimes like unto a piece of red flesh hanging out at the necke of the wombe of the bignesse and forme of a Goose egge if the woman stand upright shee feeleth the weight to ly on her privie parts but if she sit or ly then she perceiveth it on her back or goe to the stoole the straight gut called intestinum rectum will bee pressed or loaden as it were with a burthen if shee lye on her belly then her urine will bee stopped so that shee shall feare to use copulation with a man When the wombe is newly relaxed in a young woman it may bee soone cured but if it hath beene long downe in an old woman it is not to bee helped If the palsie of the ligaments thereof have occasioned the falling it scarce admits of cure but if it fall downe by meanes of putrefaction it cannot possibly be cured If a great quantity thereof hang out betweene the thighes it can hardly be cured but it is corrupted by taking the ayre and by the falling downe of the urine and filth and by the motions of the thighs in going it is ulcerated and so putrefies I remember that once I cured a young woman who had her wombe hanging out at her privie parts as big as an egge and I did so well performe and perfect the cure thereof that afterwards she conceived and bare children many times and her womb never fell downe CHAP. XLI The cure of the falling downe of the Wombe BY this word falling downe of the wombe we understand every motion of the womb out of its place or seat therefore if the wombe ascend upwards wee must use the same medicines as in the strangulation of the wombe If it bee turned towards either side it must bee restored and drawne backe to its right place by applying and using cupping glasses But if it descend and fall downe into its owne neck but yet not in great quantity the woman must be placed so that her buttockes may be very high and her legs acrosse then cupping glasses must bee applied to her navell and Hypogastrium and when the wombe is so brought into its place injections that binde and dry strongly must bee injected into the necke of the wombe stinking fumigations must bee used unto the privie parts and sweetthings used to the mouth and nose But if the wombe hang downe in great quantity betweene the thighes it must be cured by placing the woman after another sort and by using other kinde of medicines First of all shee must bee so layed on her backe her buttockes and thighes so lifted up and her legges so drawne backe as when the childe or secundine are to bee taken or drawne from her then the necke of the wombe and whatsoever hangeth out thereat must be anointed with oile of lillies fresh butter capons grease and such like then it must be thrust gently with the fingers up into its place the sick or pained woman in the mean time helping or furthering the endeavour by drawing in of her breath as if she did suppe drawing up as it were that which is fallen downe After that the wombe is restored unto its place whatsoever is filled with the ointment must be wiped with a soft and cleane cloth lest that by the slipperinesse thereof the wombe should fall downe againe the genitalls must bee fomented with an astringent decoction made with pomegranate pills cypresse nuts galles roach allome horse-taile sumach berberies boiled in the water wherein Smithes quench their irons of these materialls make a powder wherewith let those places be sprinkled let a pessary of a competent bignesse be put in at the necke of the wombe but let it bee eight or nine fingers in length according to the proportion of the grieved patients body Let them bee made either with latin or of corke covered with waxe of an ovall forme having a thred at one end whereby they may bee drawne backe againe as need requires The formes of ovall pessaries A. sheweth the body of the Pessary B. sheweth the thread wherewith it must be tyed to the thigh When all this is done let the sicke woman keep her selfe quiet in her bed with her buttocks lying very high and her legs acrosse for the space of eight or ten daies in the meane while the application of cupping glasses will stay the wombe in the right place and seat after it is restored thereunto but if shee hath taken any hurt by cold aire let the privie parts be fomented with a discussing and heating fomentation on this wise â„ž fol. alih salâ—v lavend. rorismar artemis flor chamoem melilotâ—… m ss sem anis foenugr an â„¥ i. let them bee all well boyled in water and wine and make thereof a decoction for your use Give her also glysters that when the guts are emptied of the excrements the womb may the