one and the same thing with Alibile and Augmentativum a creature fedde and augmented in potentiâ as we shall shew hereafter and do differ onely ipso esse formally as Aristotle saith but otherwise are the very same For for as much as this particular thing is and is convertible into substance Nutritivum est it is Nutritive and for as much as it is quantum indued with quantity it is Augmentativum Augmentative for as much as it is substituted in the room of a substance that is lost Nutrimentum appellatur it is called Nutriment for as much as it is added to a substance already in being Incrementum dicitur it is called Growth And the same thing is Materia the Matter in the Generation Alimentum the Sustenance in the Nutrition and Incrementum the Increase in the Augmentation of the Chicken But that is formally and simply said to be generated whereof no part was existent before but that to be nourished and grow which was and had an existence or being before That part of the Foetus which is first made is said to be begotten or born that which is substituted or superadded to it is said to be annate aggenerate or born to it There is in al things the same generation and transmutation from the same into the same which is performed in respect of a part by Nutrition and Augmentation but in respect of the Whole by Generation else it is the very same in both For from whence the first existent matter proceeds from thence also doth Nutriment and Growth accrew unto it And it shall also appear by that which shall be delivered hereafter that all Parts of Bodies are nourished by the same Nutritive substance diversly transformed or altered For as all Plants do indifferently spring grow and are susteined from the same Common Nutriment diversly varied and digested whether it be Dew or the juice and moisture of the ground so likewise out of the same Liquors of the Egge namely the White and Yolk the whole Chicken and all its parts are procreated and encreased We will then also explaine what Animals are begotten by a Metamorphosis and what kind of pre-existent matter that of the Insects is which spring from a Worme out of which all the parts are together constituted and concorporated and at last a perfect Animal born by Transmutation onely as also what Animals have any order and degrees in their production and have their Parts produced successively and what kind of creatures they are which are first borne imperfect but afterwards shoot up and attain to perfection as all those that are produced out of an Egge These as they are together made and augmented growing and transformed and are by a proposed method and order distinguished into parts so have they no immediate pre-existent Matter such as is usually designed them namely the commixture of the feminine and masculine seed or the Menstruous Blood or some litle portion of the egge out of which the foetus should assume his body but so soon as ever the Matter is made and provided it grows also and takes some shape so soon as there is a Nutriment there is a creature to be nourished by it And this Generation is rather by Epigenesis as a Man is out of a Boy that is the fabrick and structure of the body is out of the Punctum saliens as out of its foundation as out of the Keel the Ship is built and rather as the Potter forms an Image without any pre-existent Matter then out of any subject matter as the Carpenter forms a Bench out of Boards and the Statuary a Statue of Marble For out of the same matter whence the first particle of the Chicken or its least atome arises thence also doth the whole Chicken proceed whence the first small drop of Blood thence also is the whole stream or current of it generated in the egg whatsoever gives a consistence or being to the members or organical parts of the body doth also afford the same to all the similar parts likewise as to the Skin the Flesh Veins Membranes Nerves Cartilages and Bones For that very part which was soft and fleshy at first is afterward upon its increase made a Nerve Ligament Tendon by the same Aliment that which was onely a Membrane becomes a Coat and that which was a Gristle is afterwards advanced into a Skin or Bone and this by the same similar matter variously altered For a similar mixt body which is commonly conceived to be framed out of the Elements is not made of the Elements first subsisting apart by themselves and then afterwards compounded united and altered but out of this particular mixt body being altered another mixt body is born and produced that is Of the Colliquamentum is the blood made of the blood the bulk of the body which bulk at first doth appear similar and like the Spermatical Gluten or clammy substance but from it the parts are delineated by an obscure indiscernable division at first but afterwards become organical and distinct Those similar parts I say do not arise from the dissimilar and heterogeneous Elements united together but are framed and discriminated by Generations out of a similar substance and so become dissimilar As if by the Omnipotents command or fiat the whole Chicken were created As thus let there be a similar White lump and let that lump or mass be divided into parts and increased and while it is increased let there be a secretion and delineation of the parts and let this part be harder thicker and whiter and that softer and well coloured And it was so For thus doth the structure of the Chicken in the Egge proceed daily out of one and the same matter are all its limbs and utensils made nourished and augmented From the Spine first do the Ribs grow out and the Bones are distinguished from the Flesh by their most white slender Lines three Bullae are discernable in the Head which are all fraught with a Crystalline Water being the Rudiments of the braine After-braine and as by a sprinckled black streak is implyed of one of the Eyes The substance which at first resembleth coagulated milk becomes at last gristly spinous and bony and that which at first was white and gelly-ish passeth at length into a blushing flesh and Parenchyma That which was formerly most transparent and pure Water is transformed anon into the braine After-braine and eyes For there is a far greater and diviner mystery in Generation then a bare assembling altering and compounding of Parts for the Whole is made and discovered before its parts the Mixt body before the Elements But of this more hereafter when also its Causes and Principles come to be assigned Of the Efficient Cause of the Generation of the Chicken and Foetus EXER XLVI THus far of the Matter out of which the Chicken springs in the Egge it remaines now that we enquire a little with Fabricius concerning the Efficient cause of the Chicken But because
To this He condescended with much adoe at first urging among many other Disswasive Arguments that this His Tractate would be imperfect without the conjunction of the History of the Generation of Insects In a word at length I prevailed and He said Loe I resign these my Writings freely into your hands with absolute power either suddainly to publish or for a while to suppress them as you shall think convenient Having returned Him very many thanks for so high a favour I took my leave and departed as another Jason enriched with the Golden Fleece And when upon my return home I had surveyed the Book I could not but admire that so vast a Treasure had laien so long concealed And that while other men arrogate so highly to themselves onely for the entertainment of their nanseating Readers with Trifles and Toies and Dishes twice yea an hundred times brought to the Table before the Modesty of this Gentleman should be such as to set so small a value upon these His Excellent Observations And truly when ever He hath been pleased to give any of his own Inventions leave to see the light He hath not deported Himself with Ostentation or superciliousness after the custome of many as if an Oak had spoken or he had deserved a draught of Hen's-Milk but His Dictates were Oraculous and Merits above the reach of Elogie or Reward but with exceeding Modesty as if onely casually or without any difficultie of inquest he had fallen upon the Discovery of those Mysteries which indeed he long searched into with profest diligence and study indefatigable And this also is an Argument of eminent Candour in Him that he never inwades the reputation of any Author but every where delivers his own judgement in mild and friendly language For with him it is Proverbial that That Cause is worthy to be suspected for scarcely good and profitable which its Author contends for with brawling and fierceness But Truth can want no Patron And when it was easie to him to have woven this whole Web from materials of his own such was his care for the prevention of Envy that he yet chose to follow the clue of Aristotle and Aquapendens as if he had contributed thereunto no more then meerly the Woofe Of Him I shall speak no more lest I appear to praise to his face a Person whose Worth hath advanced Him infinitely above my praises especially to You to whom his Virtue Candor and Ingenie are long since very well known But of My selfe I shall adde onely thus much that in this great Business I have performed no more then the meer office of a Midwife producing into the light this noble Issue of His Brain in all its parts and lineâ—ments perfect and consummate as it is now presented to your View but staying long in the Birth fearing perhaps some injurious Blast of Envy or Detraction To speak more plainly I made it my Province to oversee and correct the Press and because the Author writes so obscure a Hand A thing as we say common to learned men as that scarce any man but who hath bin accustomed thereto can read it without difficulty I used all diligence to provide against the Errors of the Compositor that might be occasioned thereby which I observed not to have been duly prevented in the Impression of a small Treatise of the Doctors not long since set forth And thus most Learned Sirs have I rendered you the Reason of this my Writing to you which is to let you know that our HARVEY hath Sacrificed to the Benefit of the Commonwealth of Learning to the Dignity of our Colledge and to His own Eternal Honour Farewel and Prosper To the Incomparable Dr. HARVEY On his Books Of the MOTION of the HEART and BLOOD And of the GENERATION of ANIMALS TO Sol the grateful Persian homage payes He Sees by them and so Adores the rayes Deeming the Suns just title to arise To th' Tribute as to th' Vision of his Eyes And such is thy due claime Great Light of Art Who to the long-dim World dost sight impart To thy Loud Fame for ever be apply'd As th' Conduct so the Glory of our Guide While gray Antiquity Oracular heares Not for the Truths she brings but for the Yeares And her sowr Dictats from the Tripod thrown Look more to be Obey'd then to be Known Thy daring Art first stands her and doth breed This Reseue thence that Science is not Creed Who for their Age alone doe Writers trust Prize Armour not for th' Proof but for the Rust From Books to Nature thy Appeale is made Thy Copies by their Archetype are swayd Though High and Reverend thy Authors sit Yet the Creation is thy Classick Writ The various Colonies whose brood supplyes Inhabitants to Earth to Seas and Skies These are thy Vatican and onely these Are thy Infallible Hippocrates Thy Sibyll-Volumes and Thou knowst them all Like their first Godfathen before the Fall Their Natures Kinds Distinctions and Concent The Parts conteinec't and Parts continent Their Order Substance Temper Site their Force Relations and confederate Entercourse Their different Cells which different Bowels bound Rooft and partition'd from their Neighbours ground The Numerous Intrals Thou hast searched through Might both Appease the Gods and Surfet too Not in the dull Emerit Carcase where The Shops remain where once the Workmen were And onely yield this cold Account there stands The Stuffe and Tools perhaps but not the Hands But in the Living Laboratories when The Vitals ply'd their task like Lab'ring men When Life and Industry one Fountaine fed And to give over Work was to be Dead And now the Beasts hold their Instructive life Innobled by the cunning of thy Knife Their Fall heares Sacrifice to th' Publick good Nor is it to be Slaine but Vnderstood There thy Observing Eye first found the Art Of all the Wheels and Clock-work of the Heart The mystick causes of its Dark Estate What Pullies Close its Cells and what Dilate What secret Engiues tune the Pulse whose din By Chimes without Strikes how things fare within There didst thou trace the Blood and first behold What Dreames mistaken Sages coin'd of old For till thy Pegasus the fountain brake The crimson Blood was but a crimson Lake Which first from Thee did Tyde and Motion gaine And Veins became its Channel not its Chaine With Drake and Candish hence thy Bays is curld Fam'd Circulator of the Lesser World Yet thou no sooner wroughtst this wonder out Though proof both gainst the cool suspense of Doubt And rougher Violence o' th' Despisers tongue But Europe round with hot combustions rung It s early first Defiance sprung up here At last a swarm of Champion Pens appeare From Forreign coasts and to the conflict come Some thy bold Challengers thy Seconds some But when Experience vanquisht their defence And Prejudice was captive led by Sense The Ingenuous laid down Arms and fled to You As their Instructor and their Victor too Thus twice
presaging the approaching delivery are in part the preparation and disposition of the Childing Woman whereby she may bring forth and in part the scite or proper position of the Infant in order to the Birth As concerning the Position Fabricius saith that it is of a conglobated and inflex figure left the Foetus by his extream and eminent parts might injure the Womb or the conteining membranes and likewise that so he may be comprehended in the lesser roome But I am not of opinion that the foetus doth still observe the same scite or positure of his members in the Womb for the fore-scited causes For he swimmeth in a water and moveth himself to and fro he stretcheth himself now this way and anon that and so is variously inflected and tumbled up and down in so much that sometimes being entangled in his own Navel-string he is strangely insnared True it is that all Animals while they lye still and sleep do for the most part draw in and contract themselves and direct themselves toward an Oval or Conglobated figure So likewise Embryo's which pass their time most in slumbers do compose their bodies in that posture wherein they are formed as being the most natural most easie and most advantagious for their sleep And therefore the Infant in the Womb is commonly found with his Knees drawn up to his Belly his Thighs bent backwards his Feet hanging down and his Hands elevated to his Head whereof the one is placed about his Temples or Ears and the other at his Cheek in which parts there are white spots discovered in the skin as being the signes of his confrication His Spine is bent round and his Neck being inflected his Head hangs neer his Knees The Embryo is scituated with that position of parts wherewith we commonly apply our selves to rest with his Head uppermost and his Face directed towards his mothers Spine But a litle before his Birth his head being bent downwards he dives towards the bottom and the Orifice of the Matrix as if he were seeking his way out So Aristotle All Animals do naturally come into the world with their head formost but those that lye cross or come with their heels formost are unnatural births But yet this is not constant in all Animals but according to their several site or position in the Womb so is their Birth various as in Bitches Sows and other Multiparous Animals And the Great-bellied Women know full well that even the humane Embryo doth sometimes acquire a different scituation when they find the Child kick sometimes above sometimes below and now on this side and at other times on that So also the Matrix being neer delivery doth bear down groweth soft and openeth its Orifice The Waters also as they commonly call them are Gathered that is a certain part of the Chorion in which the fore-said humour is conteined doth usher in the Foetus and slide down from the Matrix into the Vagina or Sheath of the Womb and the neighbouring parts also are loosened and ready to distend also the Articubation of the Holy bone and the Share-bone to the Hanch-bone which Copulation or Articulation is by Synchondrosis or a gristly ligament is so softened and losened that the fore-said bones do easily give way to the parting Infant and by gaping open do amplifie the whole region of the Hypogastrium or Lower belly And when these things are in this condition it is certain that the Birth is at hand And that so the Foetus like a ripe fruit may come forth into the World Nature makes this provision of dilating the parts as she likewise concocteth the Milk which is sent before into the Breasts that the Infant now ready to be born may have his entertainment ready to wellcome him being now to be susteined from without And these are the fore-runners of the Birth Wherefore the Milk is counted amongst the chiefest signes of an imminent birth I mean such Milk which both for store plenty and consistence is convenient to feed the Child which according to Aristotle is never so qualified but neer the time of the Birth and therefore is never found before the seventh moneth Fabricius concludeth upon two queries chiefly in order to the Foetus namely how the birth is and when the last whereof relates to the time of Bearing the first to the manner of the Birth it self The times of bearing are by Aristotle conceived to be various There are saith he peculiar times of bearing to all kind of Animals for the greatest part as long as they live for the race of Animals which is longer liv'd then others must of necessity be more durable But the magnitude of the Animals is by him assigned as the chiefest cause of the variety of the times of bearing For saith he the great fabrick either of Animals or any thing else cannot be easily absolved in a short space Wherefore Mares and those Animals that are of kin to them though they live but a shorter time yet they are longer in bringing forth And therefore the Elephant as they say is two years in her production because of its excessive magnitude But every Animal hath certain bounds of magnitude which it cannot exceed and therefore they have a definit matter out of which they are made he addeth moreover But there is exceeding good reason why Animals do receive the dimension or measure of their times of ingravidation generation and their lives also by certain Circulations Now I call a Circulation a day a night a moneth a year and all those times which are described by them as also the motions of the Moon for these are the common beginnings of Generation to all Animals For it stands to good reason that the Circulations of less principal things should follow the Circulations of more principal And therefore Nature hath defined or limited the generation and decease of Animals by their motions And as the Births of Animals do depend upon the Revolutions or Circuits of the Sun and Moon so do their times of Coition and bearing their young vary and are either more prolixe or breifer The time of going with young saith Aristotle in the same place is enormous onely in Women For all other creatures have some one time but a Woman hath several for a Child may be borne either the Seventh or the Tenth moneth and likewise in the moneths intervening between the Seventh and the Tenth For they that are borne in the Eighth moneth though they do seldom live yet they may live Diverse Animals have indeed a set time of bringing forth and specially in the Spring when the Sun returnes diverse in the Summer and some in the Autumne as the Gristley Fishes And hence it happens that when the time of bringing forth approacheth they direct themselves to their wonted places where they may safely build their Stalls or Nests where they may bring forth cherish and sustaine their young Hence it is that those Winds which