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be_v likewise_o the_o manifold_a and_o every_o where_o obvious_a use_n of_o these_o art_n a_o great_a cause_n of_o their_o augmentation_n see_v man_n love_v always_o to_o take_v the_o great_a pain_n about_o such_o art_n and_o science_n as_o be_v in_o great_a request_n the_o provocation_n of_o vice_n have_v also_o augment_v the_o art_n it_o have_v be_v please_v to_o engrave_v wanton_a lust_n upon_o the_o cup_n and_o to_o drink_v in_o ribaldry_n abomination_n say_v pliny_n xxxiii_o pliny_n in_o prooemio_fw-la libri_fw-la xxxiii_o daedalus_n make_v a_o wooden_a cow_n to_o accomplish_v the_o shameful_a desire_n of_o pasiphaë_n withal_o see_v higynus_n 40._o higynus_n fabuia_n 40._o but_o we_o be_v resolve_v to_o insist_v only_o upon_o more_o honest_a cause_n and_o certain_o all_o mankind_n have_v be_v very_o much_o wrong_v by_o they_o that_o will_v go_v and_o fetch_v
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as_o well_o for_o that_o same_o paint_n which_o the_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v paint_v the_o mead_n withal_o as_o for_o those_o thing_n that_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o sky_n will_v not_o you_o think_v the_o sophist_n to_o be_v quick-witted_a and_o wonderful_a eloquent_a man_n see_v they_o clear_v such_o a_o great_a point_n in_o a_o few_o word_n the_o meadow_n forsooth_o garnish_v with_o flower_n and_o the_o heaven_n distinguish_v with_o several_a figure_n make_v up_o of_o star_n and_o cloud_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o what_o they_o say_v though_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o the_o most_o pleasant_a tapestry_n of_o the_o field_n do_v not_o so_o much_o help_v the_o art_n as_o they_o do_v delight_v the_o spectator_n that_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n have_v set_v forth_o the_o constellation_n after_o the_o image_n of_o live_v and_o lifeless_a thing_n that_o the_o uncertain_a shape_n of_o cloud_n most_o common_o be_v liken_v unto_o any_o thing_n our_o wander_a 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pliny_n 26._o pliny_n lib._n ii_o nat_n bist_fw-ge cap._n 26._o if_o peradventure_o afterward_o any_o one_o will_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o be_v heir_n thereof_o another_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o pry_v into_o the_o most_o profound_a mystery_n of_o nature_n neither_o will_v he_o give_v his_o mind_n any_o rest_n till_o he_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n conceive_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o float_a cloud_n the_o cause_n of_o thunder_n lightning_z and_o of_o all_o those_o thing_n that_o above_o or_o about_o the_o earth_n do_v terrify_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n he_o go_v about_o the_o search_n of_o those_o thing_n with_o a_o very_a great_a confidence_n as_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o stately_a theatre_n to_o view_v and_o to_o consider_v all_o such_o wonder_n of_o god_n anaxagoras_n be_v ask_v to_o what_o end_n he_o be_v bring_v forth_o answer_v to_o behold_v the_o sun_n moon_n and_o heaven_n see_v diogenes_n laertius_n lib._n two_o in_o the_o life_n of_o anaxagoras_n yea_o 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be_v likewise_o worth_a note_n the_o painter_n say_v he_o 161._o he_o lib._n iii_o epist_n 161._o when_o they_o make_v bodily_a shape_n of_o thing_n without_o body_n use_v sometime_o to_o paint_v a_o lone_a hand_n which_o set_v a_o crown_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o world_n signify_v that_o this_o sovereign_a power_n be_v give_v they_o from_o heaven_n socrates_n touch_v also_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o this_o art_n when_o he_o say_v apomnem_fw-la say_v apud_fw-la xenophontem_fw-la lib._n iii_o apomnem_fw-la the_o painter_n study_n with_o their_o colour_n to_o express_v hollow_a and_o swell_a dark_a and_o lightsome_a hard_a and_o soft_a rough_a and_o smooth_a new_a and_o old_a body_n flower_n among_o all_o other_o visible_a thing_n show_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o colour_n yet_o have_v the_o painter_n attempt_v to_o express_v the_o same_o as_o appeareth_z in_o the_o famous_a painter_n pausias_n who_o be_v in_o love_n with_o his_o countrywoman_n glycera_n 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of_o the_o mean_a and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a matter_n to_o carry_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o true_a image_n both_o of_o live_v and_o lifeless_a creature_n so_o be_v it_o a_o great_a matter_n to_o work_v out_o a_o true_a and_o lively_a similitude_n of_o those_o inward_a image_n especial_o if_o the_o artificer_n do_v not_o tie_v his_o imitation_n to_o some_o particular_a though_o never_o so_o fair_a a_o body_n but_o follow_v rather_o the_o perfection_n of_o a_o inward_a image_n make_v up_o in_o his_o mind_n by_o a_o most_o earnest_a and_o assiduous_a observation_n of_o all_o such_o body_n as_o in_o their_o own_o kind_n be_v most_o excel_v such_o as_o carve_v image_n say_v maximus_n tyrius_n vii_o tyrius_n dissert_n vii_o have_v gather_v all_o that_o in_o several_a body_n be_v repute_v to_o be_v fair_a bring_v it_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o art_n in_o one_o singular_a imitation_n of_o a_o convenient_a pure_a and_o well-proportioned_a beauty_n to_o pass_v neither_o shall_v you_o find_v in_o haste_n a_o body_n so_o accurate_o exact_a as_o to_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o beauty_n of_o a_o statue_n for_o the_o art_n do_v ever_o seek_v what_o be_v fair_a ovid_n seem_v to_o point_v at_o this_o when_o he_o do_v describe_v cyllarus_n the_o fair_a of_o all_o the_o centaur_n he_o have_v a_o please_a liveliness_n in_o his_o countenance_n say_v he_o metam_fw-la he_o xii_o metam_fw-la and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v like_o a_o man_n so_o come_v his_o neck_n his_o shoulder_n his_o hand_n his_o breast_n near_o of_o all_o to_o the_o praiseworthy_a image_n of_o the_o artist_n we_o be_v likewise_o to_o observe_v that_o philostratus_n do_v very_o often_o compare_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o ancient_a heroical_a worthy_n with_o the_o beauty_n of_o artificial_a statue_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o his_o description_n of_o protesilaus_n euphorbus_n neoptolemus_n and_o elsewhere_o if_o you_o do_v take_v a_o man_n bring_v forth_o by_o nature_n say_v proclus_n 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these_o prodigious_a ministery_n of_o base_a lust_n from_o so_o noble_a art_n even_o as_o we_o have_v good_a reason_n to_o detest_v their_o importunate_a wit_n that_o have_v turn_v the_o humanity_n of_o such_o gentle_a art_n to_o the_o instrument_n of_o cruelty_n medea_n go_v about_o to_o overthrow_n pelias_n by_o a_o hollow_a image_n of_o diana_n see_v diadorus_n siculus_n lib._n iu._n biblioth_n perilaus_n his_o brazen_a bull_n be_v know_v by_o the_o epistle_n phalaris_n write_v to_o the_o athenian_n concern_v perilaus_n his_o execution_n agathocles_n his_o litter_n be_v mention_v by_o diod._n siculus_n lib._n xx_o nabis_n the_o tyrant_n his_o apega_n be_v describe_v by_o polybius_n lib._n xviii_o ovid_n 569._o ovid_n in_o ibin_n vers_fw-la 569._o remember_v a_o horse_n make_v of_o maple_n tree_n wherein_o the_o throat_n of_o miserable_a man_n be_v break_v the_o carthaginian_n have_v a_o brazen_a statue_n of_o saturn_n stretch_v forth_o his_o hand_n towards_o the_o ground_n after_o 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as_o on_o the_o contrary_n we_o may_v very_o well_o judge_v that_o they_o have_v deserve_v a_o great_a deal_n better_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n who_o study_v to_o advance_v these_o art_n by_o transfer_v they_o unto_o all_o kind_n of_o thing_n honest_a or_o at_o least_o not_o dishonest_a §_o 2._o but_o here_o seem_v the_o great_a increase_n of_o art_n at_o the_o first_o to_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o necessity_n see_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o invention_n to_o supply_v our_o want_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o those_o that_o serve_v only_a to_o satisfy_v our_o pleasure_n say_v tully_n oratore_fw-la tully_n de_fw-fr perf._n oratore_fw-la whatsoever_o be_v useful_a have_v his_o turn_n before_o any_o other_o thing_n only_o delightful_a say_v varro_n 4._o varro_n lib._n i._n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi rust_n cap._n 4._o man_n a_o sociable_a creature_n not_o know_v how_o to_o speak_v to_o man_n of_o another_o language_n nor_o to_o they_o that_o be_v absent_a or_o shall_v live_v a_o good_a while_n after_o he_o be_v force_v before_o the_o invention_n of_o letter_n and_o writing_n to_o make_v use_n of_o certain_a figure_n take_v from_o the_o similitude_n of_o divers_a beast_n plant_n and_o other_o artificial_a thing_n and_o so_o do_v we_o find_v that_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n express_v the_o inward_a and_o secret_a conceit_n of_o any_o man_n mind_n by_o the_o help_n of_o such_o mark_n diod._n siculus_n speak_v of_o the_o aethiopian_n the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o nation_n in_o his_o opinion_n their_o letter_n say_v he_o resemble_v divers_a live_a creature_n as_o also_o extremity_n of_o man_n and_o most_o of_o all_o artificer_n instrument_n for_o their_o word_n be_v not_o express_v by_o the_o composition_n of_o syllable_n and_o letter_n but_o they_o be_v under_o the_o form_n and_o signification_n of_o image_n print_v into_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n by_o use_n corn._n tacitus_n also_o speak_v of_o the_o egyptian_n the_o egyptian_n do_v first_o of_o all_o say_v he_o 14._o he_o aâ—â—â—â—…_n lib_n xi_o cap._n 14._o set_v forth_o the_o meaning_n of_o their_o mind_n by_o figure_n of_o live_a creature_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a monument_n of_o humane_a memory_n be_v as_o yet_o see_v print_v in_o stone_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n necessity_n do_v also_o drive_v philomela_n to_o express_v by_o a_o weave_a picture_n the_o grievous_a case_n she_o be_v in_o see_v ovid_n lib._n vi_o metam_fw-la as_o also_o ausonius_n epist_n 23._o but_o most_o of_o all_o achilles_n tatius_n philomela_n say_v he_o leucippe_n he_o lib._n v._o the_o amorib_n clitophontis_n &_o leucippe_n find_v out_o a_o silent_a voice_n for_o she_o weave_v a_o long_a vesture_n describe_v therein_o the_o tragical_a fact_n her_o hand_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o her_o tongue_n and_o she_o do_v discover_v unto_o the_o eye_n of_o progne_n thing_n belong_v to_o her_o ear_n tell_v she_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o shuttle_n what_o she_o have_v suffer_v progne_n from_o the_o vesture_n understand_v the_o rape_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o principal_a man_n at_o rome_n upon_o consideration_n of_o this_o necessity_n persuade_v q._n pedius_n to_o practice_v the_o art_n of_o paint_v q._n pedius_n say_v pliny_n 4._o pliny_n lib._n xxxv_o nature_n hist_o cap._n 4._o nephew_n to_o that_o consular_a and_o triumphal_a q._n pedius_n who_o by_o caesar_n the_o dictator_n be_v make_v coheir_n with_o august_n be_v dumb_a by_o nature_n messalla_n the_o orator_n out_o of_o who_o family_n the_o boy_n grandmother_n be_v do_v think_v it_o fit_a to_o have_v he_o teach_v the_o art_n of_o paint_v august_n himself_o be_v also_o of_o that_o opinion_n he_o die_v a_o boy_n have_v profit_v very_o well_o in_o the_o art_n although_o speak_v it_o seem_v but_o a_o slight_a matter_n yet_o be_v well_o consider_v it_o be_v a_o mighty_a thing_n that_o picture_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o all_o man_n whereas_o among_o several_a nation_n there_o be_v such_o a_o wonderful_a diversity_n of_o speak_v that_o a_o foreigner_n do_v hardly_o seem_v a_o man_n unto_o they_o that_o be_v of_o another_o country_n §_o 3._o the_o usual_a way_n of_o science_n give_v we_o also_o a_o evident_a proof_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o these_o art_n see_v it_o be_v practise_v almost_o in_o all_o art_n and_o science_n that_o the_o clear_a ground_n a_o artist_n be_v able_a to_o propound_v be_v yet_o illustrate_v and_o clear_v by_o picture_n how_o often_o chance_v it_o in_o the_o natural_a science_n that_o when_o word_n come_v short_a a_o little_a picture_n bring_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n bird_n fish_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o vermin_n we_o never_o see_v before_o this_o be_v very_o often_o confess_v by_o aelian_a alibi_fw-la aelian_a lib._n xv._o de_fw-fr animalib_n &_o alibi_fw-la in_o his_o history_n of_o beast_n neither_o may_v we_o
first_o line_n for_o scorn_v to_o give_v way_n to_o they_o that_o be_v more_o skilful_a they_o betray_v their_o own_o foolishness_n by_o the_o security_n of_o a_o wrongful_o usurp_a authority_n the_o ancient_n be_v quite_o of_o another_o mind_n they_o follow_v another_o way_n painter_n and_o such_o as_o make_v statue_n yea_o poet_n also_o say_v tully_n off._n tully_n lib._n ay_o de_fw-fr off._n will_v have_v their_o work_n consider_v of_o the_o multitude_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v he_o mend_v in_o what_o they_o see_v reprehend_v by_o many_o they_o search_v therefore_o most_o diligent_o by_o themselves_o and_o with_o other_o what_o fault_n there_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o work_n the_o young_a pliny_n urge_v the_o same_o upon_o another_o occasion_n nothing_o can_v satisfy_v my_o care_n say_v he_o 17._o he_o lib._n vii_o epist_n 17._o i_o think_v still_o how_o great_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o publish_v any_o thing_n neither_o can_v i_o persuade_v myself_o otherwise_o but_o that_o we_o be_v to_o peruse_v often_o and_o with_o many_o what_o we_o wish_v may_v please_v all_o man_n and_o always_o §_o 2._o beside_o those_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o though_o they_o do_v not_o out_o of_o a_o presumptuous_a arrogance_n reject_v this_o ingenuous_a care_n of_o mend_v their_o work_n yet_o do_v they_o decline_v it_o out_o of_o a_o timorous_a bashfulness_n they_o want_v courage_n and_o constancy_n to_o provoke_v &_o to_o expect_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o world_n a_o naughty_a shame_n say_v horace_n 16._o horace_n lib._n ay_o epist_n 16._o do_v conceal_v the_o unhealed_a sore_n of_o fool_n neither_o be_v it_o without_o reason_n that_o the_o poet_n brand_v they_o that_o do_v so_o with_o the_o name_n of_o fool_n see_v every_o vice_n be_v nurture_v and_o quicken_v by_o hide_v of_o it_o say_v virgil_n georg._n virgil_n lib._n iii_o georg._n as_o many_o therefore_o as_o by_o smother_a of_o their_o imperfection_n will_v not_o increase_v their_o fault_n and_o shame_n both_o at_o once_o must_v first_o study_v to_o find_v out_o and_o to_o amend_v of_o themselves_o what_o be_v amiss_o which_o if_o they_o despire_v to_o do_v let_v they_o remember_v at_o least_o that_o there_o be_v exceed_o great_a wisdom_n in_o a_o confess_a ignorance_n as_o minutius_n felix_n speak_v octavis_fw-la speak_v in_o octavis_fw-la and_o that_o ordinary_o according_a to_o m._n porcius_n cato_n his_o say_n c._n say_n apud_fw-la livium_n li._n xxxiv_o ab_fw-la v._o c._n such_o as_o be_v ashamed_a without_o cause_n shall_v not_o be_v ashamed_a when_o there_o be_v cause_n but_o of_o this_o same_o preposterous_a shame_n something_o be_v say_v already_o cap._n x_o §_o 2._o of_o this_o second_o book_n §_o 3._o all_o of_o we_o natural_o be_v too_o much_o in_o love_n with_o our_o own_o work_n and_o self-love_n make_v that_o seem_v gorgeous_a unto_o we_o wherein_o we_o ourselves_o be_v actor_n i_o know_v not_o how_o every_o man_n make_v very_o much_o of_o his_o own_o do_n so_o it_o be_v you_o love_v your_o own_o and_o i_o love_v i_o say_v tully_n lib._n v._o tusc_n quaest_a we_o look_v upon_o domestic_a thing_n after_o a_o familiar_a manner_n say_v seneca_n 1._o seneca_n de_fw-fr tranquanimi_n cap._n 1._o and_o favour_n do_v then_o most_o of_o all_o hinder_v our_o judgement_n neither_o may_v you_o think_v otherwise_o but_o that_o we_o be_v soon_o overthrow_v by_o our_o own_o flattery_n then_o by_o the_o flattery_n of_o other_o this_o be_v understand_v by_o those_o that_o be_v to_o dedicate_v the_o statue_n of_o amazon_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o diana_n at_o ephesus_n for_o when_o they_o be_v to_o dedicate_v they_o there_o they_o resolve_v to_o choose_v that_o piece_n of_o work_n that_o shall_v be_v account_v the_o best_a by_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o the_o chief_a workman_n there_o which_o appear_v to_o they_o to_o be_v that_o that_o every_o one_o commend_v to_o be_v the_o best_a next_z his_o own_o plin._n xxxiv_o 8._o see_v then_o it_o be_v natural_a to_o all_o man_n to_o be_v too_o much_o in_o love_n with_o what_o be_v their_o own_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n why_o we_o shall_v shake_v off_o this_o importunate_a presumption_n that_o will_v not_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o look_v impartial_o upon_o our_o own_o work_n the_o ancient_a artificer_n therefore_o that_o have_v be_v and_o be_v as_o yet_o most_o famous_a do_v rely_v more_o upon_o the_o judgement_n of_o other_o artist_n then_o upon_o their_o own_o like_n so_o do_v synesius_n primâ_fw-la synesius_n epist_n primâ_fw-la report_v that_o lysippus_n make_v use_v of_o apelles_n and_o apelles_n likewise_o make_v use_n of_o lysippus_n praxiteles_n also_o be_v ask_v which_o of_o his_o marble-worke_n he_o do_v like_o best_a answer_v those_o that_o nicias_n have_v put_v his_o hand_n to_o see_v pliny_n xxxv_o 11._o §_o 4._o nether_a do_v they_o content_v themselves_o with_o artificer_n alone_o but_o they_o do_v moreover_o desire_v a_o confluxe_n of_o envious_a and_o favourable_a spectator_n yea_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n suffer_v their_o work_n indifferent_o to_o be_v censure_v by_o they_o all_o see_v the_o young_a pliny_n lib._n vii_o epist_n 17._o it_o be_v report_v say_v lucian_n imaginib_fw-la lucian_n pro_fw-la imaginib_fw-la that_o phidias_n when_o he_o make_v jupiter_n for_o the_o elean_n and_o show_v it_o the_o first_o time_n stand_v behind_o the_o door_n listen_v what_o be_v commend_v and_o discommend_v in_o his_o work_n one_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o grossness_n of_o the_o nose_n another_o with_o the_o length_n of_o the_o face_n a_o three_o have_v something_o else_o to_o say_v and_o when_o all_o the_o spectator_n be_v go_v he_o retire_v himself_o again_o to_o mend_v the_o work_n according_a to_o what_o be_v like_v by_o the_o great_a part_n for_o he_o do_v not_o think_v the_o advice_n of_o such_o a_o multitude_n to_o be_v a_o small_a matter_n esteem_v that_o so_o many_o see_v many_o thing_n better_o than_o he_o alone_o though_o he_o can_v not_o but_o remember_v himself_o to_o be_v phidias_n observe_v here_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n that_o when_o they_o give_v unto_o abject_a and_o contemptible_a man_n such_o power_n over_o their_o work_n it_o be_v not_o because_o they_o hope_v to_o learn_v something_o by_o they_o that_o may_v advance_v the_o perfection_n of_o art_n see_v it_o be_v a_o most_o idle_a thing_n say_v tully_n 6._o tully_n lib._n v._o tuscul_fw-la quaest_a vide_fw-la quoque_fw-la aelianum_fw-la lib._n two_o var._n hist_o cap._n 1_o &_o 6._o to_o expect_v great_a matter_n from_o a_o assembly_n of_o those_o who_o we_o contemn_v one_o by_o one_o as_o handy-crafts-man_n and_o barbarian_n polycletus_n as_o we_o read_v in_o aelian_a take_v a_o fine_a course_n to_o make_v vulgar_a wit_n understand_v themselves_o show_v unto_o they_o by_o a_o lively_a example_n that_o they_o be_v more_o likely_a to_o spoil_v then_o to_o help_v the_o art_n if_o a_o artificer_n shall_v follow_v their_o judgement_n in_o all_o thing_n see_v aelianus_n var._n hist_o lib._n fourteen_o cap._n 8._o the_o artificer_n therefore_o do_v not_o admit_v their_o direction_n general_o in_o every_o thing_n but_o they_o follow_v their_o motion_n only_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o do_v belong_v to_o their_o profession_n when_o apelles_n have_v make_v any_o work_n say_v pliny_n 10._o pliny_n lib._n xxxv_o cap._n 10._o he_o expose_v they_o in_o a_o place_n where_o all_o that_o pass_v by_o may_v see_v they_o hide_v himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n behind_o the_o picture_n to_o hearken_v what_o fault_n be_v note_v in_o his_o work_n prefer_v the_o common_a people_n a_o most_o diligent_a judge_n before_o his_o own_o judgement_n and_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v mend_v his_o work_n upon_o the_o censure_n of_o a_o shoemaker_n who_o blame_v the_o artificer_n for_o have_v make_v few_o latchet_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o one_o of_o the_o pantofle_n then_o of_o the_o other_o the_o shoemaker_n find_v the_o work_n the_o next_o day_n mend_v according_a to_o his_o advertisement_n grow_v proud_a and_o begin_v to_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o leg_n also_o whereupon_o apelles_n can_v not_o contain_v himself_o any_o long_o but_o look_v forth_o from_o behind_o the_o picture_n bid_v the_o shoemaker_n not_o meddle_v beyond_o the_o pantoffle_n which_o say_v of_o his_o become_v afterward_o a_o proverb_n chap._n xiii_o the_o public_a felicity_n of_o time_n must_v needs_o be_v put_v in_o among_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o advancement_n of_o these_o art_n see_v it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o the_o heat_n of_o emulation_n the_o desire_n of_o glory_n the_o diligent_a care_n and_o a_o great_a many_o more_o of_o the_o cause_n allege_v can_v do_v any_o good_a without_o this_o felicity_n of_o time_n neither_o do_v we_o hold_v that_o the_o blissefulnesse_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n do_v principal_o consist_v
how_o to_o apply_v they_o seasonable_o and_o how_o to_o shadow_v the_o work_n convenient_o which_o can_v be_v perform_v unless_o there_o be_v prepare_v a_o good_a board_n or_o else_o a_o fit_a linen_n clothe_v for_o his_o work_n of_o what_o wood_n the_o board_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_a painter_n be_v make_v be_v set_v down_o in_o pliny_n lib._n xuj_o nat._n hist_o cap._n 39_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o chapter_n theophra_v likewise_o hist_o plant_v lib._n 3._o cap._n 10._o and_o lib._n v._o cap._n 8._o reckon_v up_o what_o sort_n of_o wood_n do_v serve_v they_o for_o that_o use_n but_o as_o they_o make_v always_o choice_a of_o the_o wood_n they_o know_v most_o proper_a for_o their_o work_n so_o do_v joannes_n grammaticus_n likewise_o teach_v we_o that_o a_o artificer_n be_v to_o make_v good_a choice_n of_o the_o cloth_n he_o mean_v to_o paint_v on_o a_o writer_n purpose_v to_o write_v well_o say_v he_o auscult_a he_o in_o aristot_n lib._n ii_o nat_n auscult_a do_v sometime_o come_v short_a of_o his_o intent_n if_o he_o meet_v with_o sink_v and_o blot_v paper_n or_o else_o with_o bad_a ink_n this_o be_v also_o a_o painter_n case_n when_o the_o colour_n or_o the_o cloth_n hepaint_v on_o be_v unfit_a for_o his_o work_n §_o 4._o after_o that_o there_o be_v good_a colour_n and_o a_o fit_a board_n or_o cloth_n prepare_v for_o the_o work_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o artificer_n as_o the_o occasion_n shall_v require_v observe_v these_o four_o thing_n light_n shadow_n obscurity_n brightness_n as_o plutarch_n join_v they_o all_o four_o very_o fit_o together_o painter_n cause_n lightsome_a and_o bright_a thing_n seem_v more_o light_a some_o and_o bright_a say_v he_o amici_n he_o de_fw-fr discrim_n adulator_n &_o amici_n when_o they_o do_v place_n shady_a and_o darksome_a thing_n near_o they_o this_o practice_n of_o they_o be_v a_o great_a help_n for_o the_o eye_n our_o eye_n delight_v most_o in_o the_o bright_a colour_n say_v maximus_n tyrius_n xxxv_o tyrius_n dissertat_fw-la xxxv_o yet_o shall_v this_o pleasure_n be_v lessen_v very_o much_o if_o you_o do_v not_o put_v some_o brown_a colour_n near_o it_o yea_o it_o do_v help_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o picture_n the_o most_o contrary_a colour_n agree_v very_o well_o about_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o excellent_a beauty_n say_v philostratus_n centaur_n philostratus_n icon._n li._n ii_o in_o centaur_n for_o this_o reason_n also_o be_v a_o black_a picture_n make_v upon_o a_o white_a ground_n say_v joannes_n grammaticus_n arist_n grammaticus_n in_o li._n i._n meteor_n arist_n as_o a_o white_a or_o golden_a picture_n on_o the_o contrary_a be_v make_v upon_o a_o black_a ground_n it_o be_v ever_o so_o that_o contrary_a thing_n be_v more_o apparent_a be_v place_v near_o their_o contrary_n whereas_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o discern_v thing_n like_a place_v among_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o likeness_n even_o as_o if_o you_o do_v paint_v white_a upon_o a_o white_a and_o black_a upon_o a_o black_a ground_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o such_o as_o wear_v black_a clothes_n can_v so_o well_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o night_n time_n as_o other_o that_o wear_v white_a clothes_n those_o likewise_o who_o do_v wear_v white_a clothes_n in_o the_o day_n time_n but_o especial_o in_o a_o clear_a sunshine_n can_v be_v know_v so_o distinct_o §_o 5._o light_n be_v altogether_o requisite_a in_o picture_n see_v there_o can_v be_v no_o shadow_n without_o it_o tertullian_n hermog_n tertullian_n advers._fw-la hermog_n therefore_o make_v it_o a_o assure_a mark_n of_o a_o poor_a and_o blockish_a painter_n to_o colour_v the_o shadow_n altogether_o without_o any_o light_n at_o the_o first_o before_o the_o art_n be_v raise_v to_o that_o height_n we_o do_v now_o admire_v in_o the_o ancient_n there_o be_v none_o but_o single_a colour_a picture_n call_v monochromata_n till_o the_o art_n at_o length_n distinguish_v herself_o say_v pliny_n 5._o pliny_n lib._n xxxv_o cap._n 5._o find_v out_o light_a and_o shadow_n the_o difference_n of_o colour_n by_o a_o mutual_a course_n set_v forth_o each_o other_o light_a somenesse_n §_o 6._o shadow_n and_o light_n hold_v so_o close_o together_o that_o the_o one_o can_v subsist_v without_o the_o other_o light_n be_v most_o of_o all_o commend_v in_o a_o picture_n by_o the_o shadow_n say_v the_o young_a pliny_n 13._o pliny_n lib._n iii._o epist_n 13._o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o those_o who_o paint_v with_o single_a colour_n make_v always_o some_o thing_n rise_v and_o some_o fall_n else_o they_o can_v never_o have_v give_v unto_o every_o member_n his_o proper_a line_n say_v quintilian_n lib._n 11._o orat._n instit_fw-la cap._n 3._o artificer_n therefore_o use_v always_o to_o add_v unto_o their_o work_n some_o shadow_n and_o deepning_n that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v enlighten_v in_o their_o picture_n may_v seem_v to_o stick_v out_o the_o more_o and_o to_o meet_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n let_v upon_o the_o same_o superficial_a breadth_n of_o any_o flat_a board_n two_o parallel_a line_n be_v draw_v say_v diony_n longinus_n 15._o longinus_n de_fw-fr sublini_fw-la orat_fw-la §_o 15._o with_o the_o colour_n of_o shadow_n and_o light_n yet_o shall_v the_o ardent_a flagrancie_n of_o light_n soon_o of_o all_o meet_a with_o our_o eye_n and_o seem_v a_o great_a deal_n near_o nicias_n the_o athenian_a do_v most_o accurate_o observe_v light_n and_o shadow_n take_v always_o special_a care_n that_o his_o picture_n shall_v bear_v outward_o from_o the_o board_n pliny_n xxxv_o 11._o zeuxis_n polygnotus_n and_o euphranor_n study_v very_o much_o to_o have_v their_o picture_n commend_v for_o shadow_v and_o breathe_v as_o also_o for_o rise_v and_o fall_v philostr_n lib._n two_o de_fw-fr vita_fw-la apollonii_fw-la cap._n 9_o apelles_n paint_a alexander_n as_o he_o hold_v lightning_n in_o his_o hand_n his_o finger_n seem_v to_o bear_v outward_o and_o the_o lightning_n seem_v to_o stand_v off_o from_o the_o board_n pliny_n xxxv_o 10._o philostratus_n observe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o ivory_n venus_n the_o goddess_n will_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v paint_v say_v he_o ii_o he_o icon._n li._n ii_o she_o stick_v out_o so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v one_o think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o take_v hold_n of_o she_o pausias_n be_v the_o first_o who_o find_v out_o a_o picture_n which_o many_o afterward_o imitate_v none_o can_v attain_v unto_o first_o when_o he_o will_v show_v the_o length_n of_o a_o ox_n he_o paint_v he_o stand_v full_a opposite_a against_o we_o say_v pliny_n 11._o pliny_n lib._n xxxv_o cap._n 11._o and_o not_o sidelong_v make_v his_o length_n nevertheless_o to_o be_v sufficient_o understand_v afterward_o where_o all_o other_o do_v heighten_v the_o part_n which_o be_v to_o rise_v with_o white_z temper_v the_o colour_n with_o some_o mixture_n of_o black_a he_o make_v the_o whole_a ox_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o give_v the_o shadow_n a_o body_n out_o of_o itself_o show_v by_o a_o most_o wonderful_a art_n rise_n in_o smoothness_n and_o continuitie_n in_o abruptness_n as_o this_o be_v questionless_a a_o excellent_a piece_n of_o rare_a workmanship_n so_o be_v we_o for_o all_o that_o to_o observe_v here_o that_o a_o artificer_n show_v his_o great_a skill_n in_o the_o picture_n of_o fit_a figure_n those_o that_o do_v sit_v say_v philostratus_n palaest_n philostratus_n icon_n li._n ii_o in_o palaest_n have_v many_o shadow_n and_o it_o do_v bewray_v singular_a great_a wisdom_n in_o the_o painter_n that_o he_o make_v the_o maid_n sit_v the_o same_o author_n express_v this_o very_a same_o point_n more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o hit_v the_o shadow_n of_o they_o that_o lie_v down_o say_v he_o antlante_n he_o ibid._n in_o antlante_n or_o stand_v upright_o and_o it_o require_v small_a wisdom_n to_o do_v it_o accurate_o but_o the_o shadow_n of_o atlas_n go_v beyond_o all_o art_n for_o the_o shadow_n of_o he_o that_o stoop_v after_o this_o manner_n though_o they_o fall_v one_o into_o another_o yet_o do_v they_o not_o darken_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n that_o shall_v rise_v but_o cause_n some_o light_n about_o the_o hollowness_n of_o his_o belly_n §_o 7._o obscurity_n or_o darkness_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o duskishnes_n of_o a_o deep_a shadow_n even_o as_o brightness_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o intention_n of_o light_n for_o if_o you_o do_v put_v white_a and_o black_a upon_o the_o same_o superficial_a breadth_n say_v jo._n grammaticus_n aristot_n grammaticus_n in_o lib._n i._n meteor_n aristot_n the_o white_a shall_v always_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o and_o the_o black_a further_o off_o the_o painter_n therefore_o know_v this_o when_o they_o will_v make_v any_o thing_n seem_v hollow_a as_o a_o well_o a_o cistern_n a_o ditch_n a_o cave_n or_o any_o such_o
touch_v this_o point_n a_o little_a i_o must_v needs_o add_v thus_o much_o only_o that_o never_o any_o painter_n be_v rank_v with_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o artist_n except_o learning_n study_n and_o exercitation_n have_v first_o enable_v he_o with_o this_o facility_n say_v quintilian_n 9_o quintilian_n orat._n instit_fw-la lib._n xii_o cap._n 9_o a_o plain_a and_o unaffected_a simplicity_n say_v the_o same_o author_n 3._o author_n lib._n viii_o cap._n 3._o be_v commendable_a for_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o pure_a ornament_n it_o have_v and_o for_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o neatness_n which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v out_o of_o a_o slender_a diligence_n and_o be_v lovely_a even_o in_o woman_n the_o assyrian_a semiramis_n as_o aelianus_n 1._o aelianus_n var._n hist_o lib._n vii_o cap._n 1._o report_v be_v the_o fair_a of_o all_o woman_n live_v though_o she_o do_v very_o much_o neglect_v her_o beauty_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o negligent_a diligence_n say_v tully_n oratore_fw-la tully_n in_o oratore_fw-la so_o do_v want_n of_o ornament_n make_v many_o woman_n more_o comely_a beauty_n when_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o too_o careful_o be_v no_o beauty_n we_o be_v therefore_o above_o all_o thing_n to_o take_v good_a heed_n that_o there_o do_v not_o appear_v in_o our_o work_n a_o laborious_a gayness_n and_o a_o overcurious_a affectation_n of_o grace_n since_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o such_o a_o poor_a and_o silly_a affectation_n of_o fineness_n do_v but_o weaken_v and_o break_v the_o generous_a endeavour_n of_o a_o thorough_o heat_v spirit_n beside_o that_o too_o much_o diligence_n use_v to_o make_v the_o work_n worse_o thing_n not_o far_o fetch_v be_v always_o best_o because_o they_o do_v best_o agree_v with_o the_o simplicity_n and_o truth_n of_o nature_n whatsoever_o do_v on_o the_o contrary_n bewray_v a_o excessive_a care_n and_o study_v can_v never_o be_v graceful_a and_o comely_a because_o it_o dazzle_v our_o sense_n with_o the_o resplendent_a beam_n of_o gay-seeming_a thing_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o see_v what_o be_v in_o the_o work_n even_o as_o rank_n grass_n do_v sometime_o overspread_v a_o whole_a field_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o all_o the_o good_a corn_n be_v choke_v up_o can_v so_o much_o as_o peep_v out_o amend_v itself_o say_v quintilian_n 4._o quintilian_n orat._n instit_fw-la lib._n x_o ca._n 4._o must_v have_v a_o end_n there_o be_v some_o which_o return_v to_o every_o part_n of_o their_o work_n as_o if_o all_o be_v faulty_a they_o think_v better_o of_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o the_o same_o even_o as_o if_o it_o be_v unlawful_a that_o the_o first_o conceit_n shall_v ever_o be_v good_a they_o do_v altogether_o follow_v the_o practice_n of_o those_o physician_n which_o seek_v work_v by_o slash_v and_o cut_v what_o be_v sound_a and_o whole_a it_o fall_v out_o therefore_o that_o their_o work_n be_v full_a of_o scar_n void_a of_o blood_n and_o never_o a_o whit_n the_o better_a for_o all_o the_o care_n bestow_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v then_o fit_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v something_o at_o length_n which_o may_v please_v we_o or_o at_o least_o content_v we_o that_o all_o our_o fill_n may_v be_v find_v rather_o to_o polish_v the_o work_n then_o to_o wear_v it_o out_o see_v the_o young_a pliny_n lib._n ix_o epist_n 35._o to_o be_v short_a as_o in_o many_o other_o art_n the_o main_a strength_n of_o art_n do_v principal_o consist_v in_o the_o wary_a concealment_n of_o art_n so_o do_v the_o chief_a force_n and_o power_n of_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v especial_o consist_v therein_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v no_o art_n but_o we_o can_v endure_v this_o say_v 2._o say_v orat._n instit_fw-la lib._n iv_o cap._n 2._o quintilian_n and_o we_o think_v the_o art_n lose_v unless_o it_o do_v appear_v whereas_o it_o do_v rather_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o art_n when_o it_o be_v too_o apparent_a ovid_n do_v well_o and_o proper_o express_v this_o point_n in_o the_o fable_n of_o pygmalion_n metam_fw-la pygmalion_n x._o metam_fw-la attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o heart-ravishing_a force_n which_o be_v in_o that_o image_n to_o pygmalion_n his_o skill_n of_o conceal_v the_o art_n in_o such_o a_o notable_a piece_n of_o art_n §_o 5._o it_o be_v now_o evident_a enough_o that_o the_o chief_a comeliness_n of_o this_o grace_n consist_v in_o a_o ready_a and_o unconstrained_a facility_n of_o art_n and_o if_o we_o do_v but_o mark_v it_o there_o be_v in_o this_o graceful_a facility_n such_o hide_a treasure_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o contentment_n that_o even_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o man_n love_v to_o feed_v their_o greedy_a eye_n with_o such_o a_o goodly_a sight_n a_o picture_n therefore_o which_o stir_v no_o admiration_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o beholder_n do_v hardly_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o picture_n even_o as_o man_n of_o understanding_n hold_v he_o only_o to_o be_v artificer_n who_o be_v able_a to_o express_v abundant_o accurat_o pleasant_o lively_a and_o distinct_o whatsoever_o his_o learned_a invention_n have_v suggest_v unto_o he_o this_o be_v that_o virtue_n which_o gather_v great_a ring_n of_o amaze_a spectator_n together_o which_o carry_v they_o into_o a_o astonish_a ecstasy_n their_o sense_n of_o see_v bereave_v they_o of_o all_o other_o sense_n which_o by_o a_o secret_a veneration_n make_v they_o stand_v tongue-tied_a the_o greatness_n of_o admiration_n leave_v no_o place_n for_o many_o applause_n say_v symmachus_n 22._o symmachus_n lib._n 10._o epist_n 22._o incredible_a thing_n find_v no_o voice_n say_v quintilian_n nineteeen_o quintilian_n decl._n nineteeen_o something_n be_v great_a then_o that_o any_o man_n discourse_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o compass_v they_o mark_v damascius_n i_o pray_v you_o and_o learn_v of_o he_o what_o strange_a effect_n the_o sight_n of_o venus_n dedicate_v by_o herodes_n wrought_v in_o he_o i_o fall_v into_o a_o sweat_n say_v he_o photium_n he_o ap._n photium_n for_o the_o very_a horror_n and_o perplexity_n of_o my_o mind_n i_o feel_v my_o soul_n so_o much_o touch_v with_o the_o lively_a sense_n of_o delightsomeness_n that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o my_o power_n to_o go_v home_o and_o when_o i_o go_v i_o find_v myself_o force_v to_o cast_v back_o my_o eye_n now_o and_o then_o to_o the_o sight_n it_o chance_v therefore_o very_a often_o that_o the_o true_a lover_n of_o art_n meet_v with_o some_o rare_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n stand_v for_o a_o while_o speechless_a see_v callistratus_n in_o his_o second_o description_n of_o praxiteles_n his_o cupid_n yet_o afterward_o have_v now_o by_o little_a and_o little_o recover_v their_o stray_a sense_n they_o break_v violent_o forth_o in_o exclaim_v praise_n and_o speak_v with_o the_o most_o abund_a nt_v expression_n a_o eye-ravished_n spectator_n can_v possible_o devise_v when_o they_o observe_v in_o the_o picture_n of_o pasiphaë_n how_o the_o little_a cupid_n busy_a themselves_o with_o saw_v the_o timber_n the_o cupid_n that_o be_v a_o saw_v say_v they_o surpass_v all_o apprehension_n and_o art_n which_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n and_o by_o colour_n mark_v well_o i_o pray_v you_o the_o saw_n go_v into_o the_o wood_n and_o be_v now_o already_o draw_v through_o it_o these_o cupid_n draw_v it_o and_o one_o of_o they_o stand_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o other_o upon_o a_o frame_n etc._n etc._n see_v philostratus_n iconum_fw-la lib._n ay_o in_o pasiphaë_n have_v consider_v in_o the_o picture_n of_o pindarus_n his_o nativity_n the_o several_a effect_n of_o a_o most_o exquisite_a art_n they_o can_v forbear_v to_o give_v unto_o the_o stander_n by_o a_o little_a smack_n of_o that_o sweetness_n which_o do_v so_o much_o affect_v their_o sense_n you_o can_v but_o wonder_v at_o the_o bee_n say_v they_o so_o delicate_o paint_v etc._n etc._n see_v philostratus_n iconum_fw-la lib._n two_o in_o pindaro_n the_o picture_n of_o penelope_n likewise_o do_v not_o only_o take_v they_o with_o the_o sight_n of_o that_o famous_a web_n but_o they_o fall_v also_o upon_o a_o little_a spider_n which_o show_v itself_o hard_a by_o to_o represent_v the_o spider_n so_o delicate_o after_o the_o life_n say_v they_o and_o to_o paint_v her_o laborious_a net_n be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o good_a artificer_n and_o of_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n etc._n etc._n see_v philostratus_n iconum_fw-la lib._n two_o in_o telis_n they_o do_v in_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o die_a panthia_n amaze_o observe_v how_o her_o nail_n be_v sweet_a than_o any_o picture_n philostratus_n iconum_fw-la lib._n two_o in_o panthiâ_fw-la and_o philostra_fw-la junior_a in_o venatoribus_fw-la they_o show_v in_o the_o picture_n represent_v a_o ivory_n venus_n how_o the_o dance_a nymph_n be_v most_o divine_o express_v philostratus_n iconum_fw-la lib._n two_o in_o venere_n when_o they_o see_v the_o golden_a garment_n of_o