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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42214	De rebus belgicis, or, The annals and history of the Low-Countrey-warrs wherein is manifested, that the United Netherlands are indebted for the glory of their conquests, to the valour of the English, under whose protection the poor distressed states, have exalted themselves to the title of the high and mighty ...; Annales et historiae de rebus Belgicis. English	Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645.; Manley, Thomas, 1628-1690.	1665 (1665)	Wing G2098; ESTC R3740	690,015	1,031

be re-united Besides the Indian Ships are fit and ready for War whereof some are always at home ●it for suddain Service and without any publick charge would be a publick Fleet But what would the Spanish Fleet nothing but at pleasure take booty from their Enemies Let the gain thereof here be shared with their Enemy and let him there also partake of their most plentiful advantage and by that meanes the Spanish Wealth now too great to let the World enjoy peace will be lessened And that it may be the better discerned what ought to be denyed to King PHILIP it is to be observed what he most earnestly demands which may be imagined the cause of his desiring peace Those antient LORDS of that poor Kingdom are beholding to India and America for the great raising of their Fortune which at this time hath made them so proud as to despise Kings for herein is concerned the cause of most neighbour Princes to whom by the loss of the Sea the Hollander would be of no use If we look upon the Enemy aright we shall find him bend all his endeavours thither that he may be able to do injuries when and where he pleaseth The Hollanders labour for this only that they may not be compelled to suffer If either Justice or power be sought they have on their side all Laws both Divine and Humane who have given to all a right of Navigation and Merchandise as Nature hath disposed to all an equal share both of Ayr and Earth Although before the Wars the Hollanders did not sail to the Indies yet that they had a right and might have done it nor can the longest possession prevail against the Authority of the Law of Nations They that would shut up the Sea and challenge Merchandise to themselves alone what other thing do they then Pyrates and Ingroffers of Provision Antiquity averred Arms to be justly taken up against them who excluded any from their Harbors how much more then against them who would drive them from the Ports belonging to others Peace without Trade is not Peace but a perpetual hostility where the right of Defence is utterly taken away And now the hitherto unspotted fidelity of the Hollanders could not be sullyed by a more no able example then if they should leave and betray the Indian Kings and People confederate with them to the Spanish cruelty If the Spaniards resolve to perform what shall be agreed on let the business now be perfected as it will be when the Hollanders are declared Free and when they have agreed then that each shall quietly enjoy what at the present he shall possess for nothing ought to be limited to Freemen and Traffick admitted in all places whereof they have Possession But that they should set so high an esteem upon Philip for yielding up a part of his Dominion there was little reason truly for the same since it was not a gift but a confession of the truth without which there was no hopes of concord It were more honourable for him to give or take Peace then while his Affairs succeeded so well to sell it which if he would not believe he should eft-soons experiment it The fruit of forty years bloudshed would be utterly lost and in vain were Arms taken up for Liberty and against that terrible bugbear of Commerce the tenth raised by Alva if now as great a slavery should be voluntarily admitted to and they suffer themselves to be deprived of the greater part of the World by their Enemies which they ●ould never have endured from any Prince These things were urged by them A few on the other side averred That this was private business and ought not to hinder the publick Peace at least●ise that the cause of some Maritime people ought not to be handled alone when the evil of War extended to all Lastly where the Spanish Negotiation was short and safe it ●●ticed Seamen by their good will to avoid long Voyages which are frequently obnoxious to diseases Upon mature consideration of the matter by the United States these things seemed to them to be just causes why they would not desert and quit the Indies yet that they ●ight not leave any thing untryed for the ending the War after much dispute they offer the Spaniards their choise either that they would make a firm Peace with freedome of Navigation or else according to the example of France and Brittain all beyond the line should be left to the decision of Arms or else to conclude a Peace here and only a Truce ●●ere But the Spaniards would neither permit that negotiation saying that Peace and War mingled resembled a Prodigy but at last they gave hopes of a Truce in the Indies if when the time thereof was elapsed they would abstain from any further Navigations to those parts But the States that abhorred those conditions revived the Counsels of the American society lately laid aside if perchance they could work upon the Enemy by fear But they quickly understood these were but threats nor indeed did that matter proceed any further while they who were desirous of Peace among the Hollanders were afraid to be severe towards dissenters Without doubt this state of Affairs was very prejudicial to the people of the United Provinces Arms being only forbidden as uncertain whether there should be Peace or War whereupon many of the common people who got their living by War were not apt to apply themselves to any other business and so were afflicted with two evils idleness and penury and therefore the States esteemed it more convenient to hasten the end of the Treaty to this purpose they advised the Spaniards That they should on both sides propose the chief heads of what was to be insisted on They alledged it to be an unusual thing to make new Proposals before the former were concluded yet at length they consented not that they would distinctly and plainly offer the particulars but only the chief points in general and that in obscure tearms for they said there remained yet to be treated of concerning their limits the restitution of goods Forreign commerce money and those immunities which were granted to the English or others in the Netherlands as also of Religion and Neighbouring Princes Being asked when they mentioned Religion since the same was contained in King Philips Letters whether this were their meaning That they which passed up and down should not be infested under pretence of Religion or whether they would prescribe Laws to the Hollanders whereby Divine matters among them should be ordered They answered This was a matter concerning which they would advise with their Prince and after the other things were se●led when they came to that they would more clearly procure and produce their determination On the other side the States delivered not a few and those ambiguously contrived but eight and twenty branches or heads contained in plain words such as usual for the confirmation of Peace or taking away the injuries of War

preparing other Remedies which might repress this Evil now getting Age The Cause above all others and which we may with most Reason conjecture was the Pope's Authority by which he had ordered many of these things to be done For having obtained by the general Consent of so many Nations to Distribute of Kingdoms and to be a Moderator and Judge of Law Equity and Right while he by submissive Obedience and large Gifts was made their Friend and Ally they might confidently rest assured in the Success of their Affairs which he had throughly learned by his Fathers and his own Experiments How terrible it was and injurious to his Affairs to have that Power adverse to him from which even they who had Conquered it in War were glad to crave a Pardon These were the state of Affairs and these the Conditions of the People when upon the Departure of King Philip strife began about the Chief Government In the attaining whereof both the Prince of Aurange and Count Egmond had pitched their Hopes and Expectancie but neither of them had it for this Reason least either of them singly being preferr'd should by perpetual private Feudes disturb the Peace of the Common-wealth There was likewise Ambitions of the same sort among Women to wit Christian that had marryed Francis Duke of Lorrain Uncle of the Emperour Charles and Margaret base Daughter of the said Charles first marryed to Alexander Medices afterwards to Octavius Farnese Duke of Parma The Prince of Aurange and the Netherlanders endeavoured by all means to promote Christian but Ferdinande Alvares of Toledo Duke of Alva and Anthony Perenot Granvell Bishop of Artoyes having been jointly Servants and Counsellors to his Father in his greatest Affairs and by Philip received with the like Honour were of a contrary Opinion for Margaret Alva one of the greatest and noblest Spaniards in many places esteemed a great and famous Souldier by the getting some notable Victories for the Emperour had won great Renown Perenottes Father one Nicholas a Burgundian as he was of a mean Stock so he was more readily obsequious and by his extraordinary Watchfulness and Industry so acquired the Humour of the Court that he became a Privy Counsellour and had the keeping of the Emperours Seal in which having performed his Duty by the space of Twenty Years he at last left the same to the enjoyment of his Son But as Alva's proud and cruel Nature so Perenottes subtle Disposition while they onely seek to inlarge the Grandezza of the Prince who likewise desired nothing so much they do both of them find fault with as many Nations as they knew especially the Germans who imputing the Landgrave's Imprisonment to no other than their Counsels did esteem and reckon their too great Power among the principal Causes of the War Again when it came to the Point of giving the Government of the Netherlands to Margaret although there wanted not specious Causes enough for the giving of that Counsel as such a Tye of Bloud and that her Husband would be a Pledge for her Fidelity and her Person be in the Command of the Spaniards both in the City and Castle Yet the departure of the King no less suspected by the Great Ones than bewailed by the meaner sort inflamed the angry Minds of the Nobles And that very Day was the chief in which Philip was sollicited for Liberty and that the Netherlanders shewed themselves contumacious or sawcie towards their Prince For just upon his Departure resolving to leave a Garrison of above Three Thousand Spaniards under pretence of defending the Borders against the French but in truth that he might at his pleasure bridle the Licentiousness in Religion which had been increased by a Company of Forraign Souldiers in the Wars The Prince of Aurange and Count Egmond whom he appointed Commanders of those Forces on purpose to asswage their Envy refused the Charge as being contrary to their Laws and at the very instant of the Kings going away the Assembly of the States whom he had onely called together to give a Farewel to asked him That he wou'd remove away with him those Souldiers when they would not endure adding also a Warning or Monition That he should use the Counsell of none but Netherlanders in the Government of the Netherlands And from hence there sprung an implacable Hatred because they seemed to give out as if they understood the Art of Governing and fore-saw the approaching Tyranny But openly He agreed to their Request and thereupon forbore to adde Gemessa Figueroa ● Spaniard and Earl of Feria unto that Great Councel though lately destined to that Intent But in this Dissimulation he nourished Anger in his Heart and in his Mind studied nothing but Revenge So departing but disdaining to pass the Borders of Strangers he went by Sea where in the Shipwrack of his Fleet through many great and imminent Dangers with much ado he got safe to the Port of Gallicia The Souldiery for a little while after remained there but very unruly and burdensom untill at Gerbis or the Island of Gelues called by the Antients Meninx having received a loss by the Turks they were taken from them as the Netherlanders interpreted it not so in favour of them as to supply the Loss there received In the mean while the Government of the Netherlands Nominally was in Margaret but in Deed and Power in Granuel in whom Industry Vigilance Ambition Luxury Covetousness and in truth all manner both of Good and Evil were eminently to be seen Nor did he advantage himself more by his own Prudence than by the Folly and Sloth of Others who growing weak by Riot had let slip those Opportunities of present Power which of old was not without great difficulty and hazard to be attained He therefore minding cunningly to oblige his Prince by diving into Secrets and by advancing his Followers contracted unto himself the Intriques of all Embassies and all sorts of Characters and what ever else was to be known either by Spies or Pensioners Between this Grandee and Count Horn there were some old Gudges first concerning Lalayn Count Horn's Sisters Husband whom he taxed with the Crime of an ill performed Embassie Another was that Horn had missed the Praefectureship or Lieutenancy of Gelderland which he had much sought after for want onely of one word's speaking of his He had not yet Declared himself to the Prince of Aurange the onely hope of increasing his Dignities resting upon him but as the Custom of Ambition is had hitherto onely looked upon him with an evil Eye least he should grow too great for him For which cause when Magistrates were to be chosen at Antwerp he had endeavoured to procure him to be absent But the Prince of Aurange who above all things the empty Boast or bare Title of Honour and that one Man a stranger and of men Extract should possess what he listed not without the disgrace both of himself and others stirred up with many provocations Count Egmond

Multitude of the common People while others after the old manner of Mourning in a vowed Habit promise and swear Never to cut their Hair untill they had revenged the Blood of those Noble-men The Prince of Aurange with many others are cited by a Proclamation to appear and because being absent and out of their reach he laughed at their Threats of Punishment all his Goods are confiscated and his Son which was bred up at Levain in the Study of the Arts is seized upon and carried Prisoner into Spain It was a very sad thing to take notice of the Desolation and Wast that was here made partly by Slaughters and partly by Flight Some few whose exceeding Poverty would not bear out their Banishment retired into the Woods and there hiding themselves where they lived like Salvages upon the daily Spoils committed upon Priests not taking Notice of the Magistrates who came to suppress them by Force but robbing and killing them as they could find advantage until at last they were destroyed and driven away by the greater and more powerful strength of Alva So also at the Rivers Maze and Rhene a few unadvised persons being scatteredly met together and having sworn the Dukes death at the very first Rencounter were all overcome and slain And to cut off all thoughts of hope the Messengers and Curriers from Spain brought word that then was nothing of moderation more to be expected from the King than from Alva for that a publike punishment was there inflicted upon Montaigne who was sent thither in vain bearing with him the Name of an Embassador as to Enemies which among all Nations is sacred and not to be violated for it was not thought fit for Subjects to treat or deal with their Prince after such a manner and so positively denied The Marquess of Berghen by a seasonable Death prevented to himself the like Fate though not without Suspition of Poyson But the very Thoughts of such a thing was condemned as a Crime because Alva had a hand therein There was about the same time a louder though more mystical Rumour of the Death of Charles the Kings Son It was evident that he though the Heir of so many Great Kingdoms was put into Ward whether his too much forwardness in his Youth had raised a Suspition of him that he was ambitious of Rule as if his Care for the Netherlanders had been too great for his Interest there or whether the same Crime were laid to his Charge which had taken off his Step-Mother is uncertain But this is sure that shortly after he died though still very dubious what Causes could so provoke the Fathers Wrath to that heighth as to work his Sonne death The Exiles who now though at distance were every where against their Wills and in Poverty being much grieved at the Oppression of their Country did earnestly sollicies the Prince of Aurange to take up Arms which of his own accord he was not at all propense to do willing rather the the Spaniard should over-un all until all his Counsels were laid open and there might be hoped a more safe Opportunity for the Distressed to gather and unite a Force while the King should for the most part be taken up with other Wars Nevertheless some of the Exiles at present being drawn together under the Leading of Lewis of Nass● brake into Frizeland There by the Death of Arembery there slain whom the heat and reviling of his Souldiers comp●lled to fight though he thought it more Prudence● weary them out by Delays by the Rout and Overthrow his Forces became Conquerours but staying with a fruitle● Expectation of some Towns falling off to them their Mo●e●fell short for the Souldiers Pay so that all Discipline was neglected when suddaintly by the Surprize of Alva they were almost all slain Adolph the Prince of Aurange his Brother and Lewis his also being killed in the former Skirmish they had tincted the War alternately both with their own and their Enemies Bloud The Prince of Aurange being throughly moved with this Carriage of Affairs that he might be the better able to relieve his Parties both by strength and the Justice of their Government he sets forth in Books a Narrative the Reasons Causes and Justice of their taking up Arms refuting at once both the Judge and the Crimes objected against him not dissembling That now being taught better things he had l●ft the Church of Rome yet calling God to Witness That he took Arms for the Publike Weal and freeing his Countrey from Slavery That this was the Duty of every good Citizen much more of a Noble-man Of Philip he spoke honourably whose Goodness he said was perverted by the Spanish Counsels and that he did not yet despair but that he would at length resume better thoughts of his faithful Subjects and uphold their sworn and setled Laws In the mean while according to the Law of Brabant in regard of his many Errours in Government Obedience was due unto him as to their Soveraign Lastly that which seems to make most for the Justice of their Cause was this The Brabanders as they had a more special and wary care than the rest for the maintaining their Liberty so likewise to prevent the Incroachm●nt of their Princes who under pretence of the Publike did not stick som●times to break up and dissolve their State-Conventions they used to Covenant of their own proper Right that when any Prince infringed the Laws they should be free from the Bonds of their Fidelity and Obedience to him untill the Wrongs so done should be removed and satisfied And this confirmed by many Examples of their Ancestors who when formerly some of their Princes either through their own weakness or the Delusions of Flatterers had been drawn away they drew to more moderation among whom the most remarkable was John the Second of that Name either by Force or strong Decrees by them drawn up which before they would conclude any Peace they made the Princes freely promise That they would without any violation confirm and establish the same Now the Prince of Aurange though born in Germany yet had obtained many most Noble Heriditary Jurisdictions in Brabant to the Lords or Possessors whereof antient Custom had given the Dignity of being a Peer or chief Governour by which Right he urged That is did belong to him not onely to see the Laws well executed but also to defend and maintain them But here it is not to be omitted that the same Right was claimed by the like Customs by divers other of the Netherlandish Provinces and also that the Decrees of Maximilia of Austria and Mary of Burgundy were to be taken notice of which had made them by the same Sanction of the Laws individually equally with the Brabanders themselves And this appears by what the People of Frizeland Utrech● and Gelderland did in the time of the Emperour Charles their Prince when among many other peculiar Agreements and Covenants there was this one common and

Nobles s certainly a goodly Company of Exceptions the Liberties also of Towns and Universities and whatsoever the Kings Treasury was indebted to any man being reserved to the Kings pleasure Now having thus laid aside all fear and shame the ve● utmost intentions and designs of the Spaniards were laid ● pen in their open boastings for the bringing to passe therof that not onely the charges of the Government but if ne● were Warre should be maintained at the charge of the● Provinces and to make this good Alva commands for th● present the hundreth part of all the Revenues of the people to be levyed which in it self was very grievous because ● was forcibly commanded by the Souldier which ought ● have been collected according to the Custom of the Country nor did he exempt the Priests from this payment af●ter this be takes the twentieth part of Lands and the tenth of all other thing whatsoever sold upon every alienation affirming to the Spaniards that it was necessary thus to tax the Netherlanders that they might the rather think themselve● bound in equity to obey being bound by the Law and co●quered by Arms and not otherwise capable of Pardon It may easily be imagined that these Impositions ha● spoyled Merchandizing and broken the connexion of most Arts and Trades by the flight of so many so that the chiefe● support of the People was utterly gone for the profit accrewing by buying and selling of Wares using to be dispersed into severall Channels if so great a burden should be come to be a part of the price there would be no Chapmes found to buy when in another place they might have them so much cheaper And if any durst be so bold as to find streight they were seized on by Souldiers and most exquisitely punished Nay some Provinces and Cities being somewhat stubborn and self-willed were sometimes majestically summoned and questioned both what they had done themselves and what they had suffered others to do against the Kings Edicts being objected against them and though the madness of some private persons for the common cause were not compelled to their evill deeds yet were they sentenced that they should be out of the protection of the Law excluded from all publick Counsels and for the future be governed by no other Law than that of the Kings will Nay some were punished for appealing to the King and the intercessions of the Magistrates were restrained by a mulct which they should pay out of their own Estates upon forfeiture with the severity of which examples the rest being terrified did endeavour to redeem themselves from this infinite oppression with a certain sum of money And yet for all these so many and great afflictions the wrath of God was not yet appeased towards these people for their sins but as if the cruelty and avarice of men had not been sufficient for the persecution of a Land most flourishing and opulent both in Wealth and Inhabitants the Ocean breaking over its bounds with such an overflux as the like hath scarce ever been seen before by its inundation made one great slaughter of men and foretold another For this was the time in the small Punctillio whereof the basest of servitude and the highest point of liberty being divided by both names continued equall miseries and misfortunes And now anger suggesting unto the oppressed the desire to free or revenge themselves by Arms they were taught there was no concord so firm and stable as that which is contained within the Bond of private concerns And now that Nation which had so patiently seen her Citizens burnt her Governours slain her Laws Religion and Common-wealth almost to be violently taken away and devoured first consented to take vengeance for the former and to prevent and keep off th●se evills that immediately h●ng over their heads And so in the City of Bruxels though Alva himself were present and with a strong Guard did sternly exact the tenth yet every one shut up their Shops and Ware-houses scorning to own or confess their slavery though with the perill of their Heads Now were Gibbets and Hangmen prepared for the Rebels as they were termed when news came of the Commotions in Holland which I shall presently declare to you and put a stop to their cruelty The fury and indignation of the People increasing infused new Courage into the Prince of Aurange that he might once more try the fortune of Warre though yet his Confidence flagged till his Resolution became setled by considering that part of Philips Forces were imployed against the Turk and that Spain it self was yet scarce quiet from the disturbances and incursions of the Moors if therefore he could but get Arms himself would be Captain and he hoped through their dissentions he should be able to find or make a way 1571. To that purpose he sends choyce persons to all Princes that professed themselves Reformers of Religion praying them either publickly to take his part or at least to grant him private Ayds towards the support of the common Cause The Dea● and Swede positively deny him as fearing to cope with an Adversary more powerful than themselves not durst the Queen of England disturb her Neighbours greatness although the Pope had given Her over to be a prey and Alva for the Genoa Merchants money detained in England for present use and under assurance of repayment beginning a difference and bringing it almost to Pledges sought long agoe a Cause of Warre against that rich Island as was suspected and now lately when there were some troubles in the North part of that Kingdom he sent some to view the Ports that might if opportunity succeeded to his desires upon such occasion be leaders and without peradventure he was a great encourager of the Endeavours of the Queen of Scots against Elizabeth the knowledge of all which things were for the present so dissembled and Spain so far obliged that the Nassavian Messengers were commanded without any delay by a certain day to depart out of the English Territories But in France they who had laid aside the Rites of the Latine Church that they might give credit to the Peace they had were admitted into the Grace and favour of the King and therefore that they might be the better able to assist the Prince of Aurange they add fresh fire to ●e old Burgundian fuel repeating the Controversie that first ●ose in the Council of Trent between these Kings for priority of place urging also against Philip the poysoning of his Wife Elizabeth whose murder ought to be revenged and that he was in Honour obliged to the like for satisfaction of those French Subjects murdered by the Spaniards in Florida a Province of America which Counsel King Charles listning to with greedy ears would have to believe that he was sensible thereof another motive wherewith they enveighed him was upon the Marriage of his Sister agreed with the King of Navarre they gave him cause to think himself deceived therein It was

those things which had been used by Antiquity in the Art Military or that were grown Customary by Modern Practice and Experience He diligently encouraged his Souldiers to attend all the Enemies Motions and though he sat in the Highest Seat of Power yet he would not suffer the meanest things to pass without his Care So that it was admirable to see this great and Warlike Instructor who had never had any Master by discreet Considerations establish all things for the War that Guards might be diligently kept and Cities well Fortified he causes sound men to instruct the Souldiers how readily to pitch their Camp and to use all sorts of Engines and Instruments for Assaults and in regard they were yet unexperienced in Battels Sieges and Fortifications he hath them caught to manage Horses to observe their Ranks to carry Provision and to raise Works not according to the Method of this Age. At first these Endeavours were laughed at by the Ignorance of those who are ashamed to learn what they understand not but after the Success of some Experiments they were admired because hereby they that had turned their Backs in many Fights now durst stand and look the Enemy in the Face and reduce by strength Towns that they had lost So that now all did plainly confess That as no man excelled his Father in gaining the love of the People and laying the Foundation of a Commonwealth so by the great Blessing of Heaven the Son was as famous for the increasing and defending the same But how much the manner of the War was alter'd from the first use will easily be understood in the Context of the following Work A considerable Number of Ships are sent to infest the Enemies Towns that lay by the Sea-side and to guard the Passages of Rivers Some go out as a safe Convoy for Merchants and to secure the Fishing Trade Others sail up and down to scour the Sea of Pyrates Without all doubt in this the Enemy was inferiour who had very few Ports and they incommodious and not many Ships which onely waited upon Towns The Nobility on both side either contented themselves in an unprofitable carelesness or the peaceable enjoyment of their Honours with a kind of Neutrality for Envy of the Commons on one side and of the Spaniards on the other or else out of an inveterate Stupidity because some cunning Princes changing the Execution of their Military Offices into Hereditary Possessions had taken all from them and given them as a Favour to the other Some few there were that either out of Love and Thirst of Renown or their particular Discontents did take up Arms and do Service suitable to their Births and Qualities Among the Commons the young men and such as onely knew the Evil of the present Times because they had never seen Peace were content with any condition of Affairs not being sensible of the War otherwise than by Rumors and paying Taxes and many because the Religion publikely received was not affected by them for no other cause followed the Cry But the Laws of Holland though many of them not very harsh in their Sanction did sorbid to the Catholikes even the use of their Religion in private notwithstanding the like Orders had been the cause of so many former Tumults The same also by a kind of implicite manner put them from the chief Honours But the States allowed some mean Allowance to Priests and Nuns so long as they lived quietly because in many places their Possessions were laid wast but it pleased by connivance to suffer the Meetings of other Sects The Ministers of the Publike Religion were admitted on neither side into the Council nay the whole Throng of Ecclesiastical Persons were beyond the Inspection of the Magistrates Finally if the nearest Troubles had been appeased there would have been no suddain fear of new ones On the other side There was another Party of Netherlanders whose long Experience and continual Converse among Troubles had made them now not gainsay the Causes thereof There was onely a Shadow of those Laws in use before the War nor was the Duke of Parma's Modesty alike constant to all Some Cities were kept under by Garrisons but all were cu●hed by the Authority of Governours And although the Bishops enjoyed the Seats the Lady Regent formerly being the Duke of Parma's Mother and Alva had setled them in and many other Things were done for the Jesuits sake yet the Inquisition and all punishments inflicted thereby were either suspended or moderated in regard of the War and respect to the Enemy because the greatest part having fled that were Disseuters the rest had learned to obey rather out of fear than punishment On both sides Traffike and Merchandizing together with the increase of Work-mens Wages did readily supply the dearne's of Victuals and other Things necessary for Man's Life and also the Prices set upon greater Commodities and the Fruits of the Field which were somewhat scarce Among the Hollanders the Merchants Trade flourished which is the Nurse of all Inferiour Manufactures Amsterdam alone equallizing the greatest Mart-Towns either of this present or of former Ages In the mean while as the Benefits of Peace were received notwithstanding the War so the Evils thereof were not quite vanished for Men's Minds were not so much naturalized to Cruelty by the use of Arms as to run into contrary Extreams For all such as fled hither for safety and had secured themselves from a necessitated Banishment by a competent Provision by the Company and Society of Forreigners and imitating the better sort of them no Check of the Laws being able to restrain them would run into a supers●●ous Excess and Vanity of Clothes and Dyet until they had by this means drawn in others to the same to avoid the shame of Poverty though they were in no way able to bear the same And therefore then that old and constant simplicity of the Hollanders and their uncorrupted Frugality was changed into Luxury and Profuseness which though it might advantage the Treasure yet was I am sure very pernicious and destructive to all good Manners because as Avarice as old overgrown Evil grows into Confidence it will not let Nations Conquer'd think so as long as they can live at such heighth But the Vices of the Enemy made these seem Virtues whose more wastful and abominable Prodigality was 〈◊〉 to be curbed even by Poverty it self The End of the Annals of the Netherlands THE HISTORY OF THE Low-Countrey's Affairs WRITTEN By HUGO GROTIUS The First BOOK I Shall here begin to Declare that more setled Course of Affairs wherein Prince Maurice having attained the Chief Command of the Army drew up himself the whole Managery of all Businesses The Commonwealth had still the same Face Religion was controverted with like Animosity the War sharply maintained with equal Obstinacy and all hopes of Peace utterly laid aside so that now the Series of Things was indeed in respect of its Actions various but