see in the ende of Sommer and Autumne great maladies and dangerous sometimes the plague as writeth Cardanus for it entreth into our bodies by the mouth and nose when we respire of the which often are ingendred maladies very difficill CO. Whereof proceedeth the varietie of the qualities of the ayre LO Of three thinges like as of Regions or Countries of windes and of the scituation of the place where we are CO Howe proceedeth the varietie of the ayre by Countries LO There are some which are euill tempered and others well tempered according to the Climate where they are scituated like as vnder the pole Articke and Antarticke the farre distant sunne beames which maketh the temperature extreame colde for the which it is inhabitable yet there are some habitables like as Scythia and other such Countries vnder the equinoctiall Lyne the intemperature is so extreame hotte because of the right reflexion of the Sunne especially betweene the circle Articke Cancer like as in the Antarticke and Capricorne the aire is more temperate chiefly in the middest according to the approaching of the Sunne as wee see in the foure seasons of the yeere Cardanus sayth that those Countries which are mountainous are most temperate and that a man may liue an hundreth yeeres in such places Plinie sayth that men beastes and trees are farre stronger and more barbarous in hillie partes then in other partes and that for their great libertie Those which dwell in lowe partes and valleyes are more effeminate as sayth Titus Liuius CO. Seeing the ayre is so necessary for the curation of malladies is there no way to alter and accommodate it by arte to the sicknesse LO Yes verily and for this cause Hippocrates counselleth in malladies cronickes to chaunge the ayre and countrie and in maladies commitialles to chaunge the ayre countrie and nouriture Galen counselleth those who haue vlcers in the lightes to dwell at Rome because there the ayre is very drye in common sickenesses wee helpe the ayre somewhat by Arte like as in feuers which are hotte and drie wee chuse a house which is colde and humide diuers windowes for the euentilation thereof or windes made by Arte also by casting colde water through the house by spreading and strawing of flowers and braunches of trees which are colde and humide like as violettes roses wilde vine berrie trees and such like also beware to haue many people in the chamber as counselleth Cardanus But when the sicknesses are cold and humide as feuers putrified catarres hydropises tumors pituitous wee chuse houses which are hotte and drie Also to spread and strawe flowers hearbes braunches of trees which are hotte and drie as cammomile sage lauander marierome spinnage and such like Vnder the signification of the ayre in this place wee vnderstand all manner of windes little and great the which is most necessarie to be considered because they doe not onely alter and chaunge the body but also the spirite It goeth by the nose to the braine by the mouth to the heart by the pores of the skinne and mouing of the arters thorough all the bodie it furnisheth the aliment to our spirites for this cause the diuine Hippocrates noteth that the good and euill disposition of our spirites and humours dependeth of the constitution of the ayre and windes For wee see where there is great trouble varietie of windes the people are arrogant difficill to be gouerned and very cruell CO. Seeing that of the winde these accidentes fall let me knowe what is Winde LO Hippocrates saith it is no other thing but an vnstable motion of the ayre the which beeing stirred by some motion it purgeth CO. What nature is it of LO It is hotte and drie like as it is made of an exhalation hotte and drie CO. Howe many diuers sortes of windes are there LO There are foure principall to wit Eurus from the East hot and drie Zephyrus from the West colde and humide Auster froÌ„ the South hot humide putrifactiue it passeth by the sea Mediterrane Boreas froÌ„ the North cold drie resisting against putrifaction Arist attributeth two collaterall to each of these foure so in all maketh 12. some make two and thirtie like as the Marriners but the exact contemplation of these matters is not much requisite in a Chirurgian Bodin saith in his common wealths that the winds make great varietie in vs for in countries where the wind is violent great the people are turbulent in spirite and there where the woundes are not so violent the people are of a more quiet spirit CO. What meane you by scituation or place LO I meane as to be scituated towards the sea stanks dubbs mosses and such as you haue heard also those who haue no other aspect but eyther to the South which is humide and putrifactiue or to the West which is cold and humide Also to be dwelling in ground which is fat the aire is hot and humide and in ground that is full of Sand hot and drie and in Marsh grounde and Fennes cold and humide or in Stonie grounde which is colde and drie Titus Liuius sayth that the places change the nature of our bodies as those which dwell in Mountaines differ from those which dwell in lowe places also sayth he those places and Countries which are fertill the men are ordinarily Cowards giuen to lust the Countries and places barren the people are more hardie and ingenious quicke spirited Arist sayth those that dwell in cold Regions are proude cruell and barbarous in their manners verie strong in hot countries they are wise and more fearefull those which dwell in low Marsh Countries are dull sleepie the which proceedeth of the disposition of the aire The second Chapter of meate and drinke CO. Seeing the aliment is no lesse to be coÌ„sidered for the preseruatioÌ„ of the health than the aire it is necessarie to know what is aliment with the diuers sorts thereof LO Aliment is that which augmenteth and nourisheth our bodiâ—â— CO. How many kinds of alimentes are there LO There are diuers sorts like as flesh fishes hearbes fruites corne drinke naturall artificiall condimentes simple and compound CO. Are they all vsed after one intention LO No they are of diuers natures and must bee vsed in diuers manners according to the temperature of the bodie as writeth Cardanus CO. What sort of norriture ought we to vse most commonly LO That which nourisheth well ingendreth good iuice of the which Galen his wryting in his bookes of the facultie of Aliments and in the booke of Conseruation of health as also Hipocrates in diuers places CO. In the vsing of Alimentes how many things are there to bee obserued LO Nine to wit the goodnes the quantitie the qualitie the vse and custome the appetite the order the hower the age and time of the yeare CO. First then we must consider that he who woulde haue his bodie entertayned in good health must vse meates
What meanest thou by waking LO Waking should be moderatly vsed for much watching corrupteth the braines and the good temperature it debillitateth the senses altereth the spirites moueth crudities alterations heauinesse of the head resolution of all the bodie dissipateth the naturall heate Hippocrates saith that sleeping and waking if they be excessiue they are euill perillous so mediocritie is best in all things The cause of waking is drinesse heat of the braines it drieth the habitude of the body so much touching sleeping waking The fift Chapter of repletion euacuation CO. Thou shalt vnderstand that repletion plenitude aboundance is all one matter therefore I would knowe howe many kindes of repletion there is LO There are two to wit in quantitie and qualitie CO. What meane you by repletion in qualitie LO I meane when the qualitie of the meate exceeâ—eth without the humors CO What meane you by quantitie LO I meane when meat drinke and humors are in so great quantitie that nature cannot ouercome and it is called excesse or satietie of the which come infinite maladies CO. Howe many kindes are there hereof LO Two to wit the one of meate called Satietas of the Latins the other of the humors CO. Is satietie of meate otherwise deuided LO It is yet deuided in two to wit the one is called satietas ad vasa that is when the stomacke and veines are so full that it maketh them ouer large as happeneth to them who are alwayes eating and drinking in such quantitie that they are constrained to vomit it vp againe these people are more worthie to be called beasts then men for that not onely offendeth God but wracketh their owne bodies The other sort of plenitude is called satietas ad vires which is when there is so great aboundance that the vertue force nor faculties of our bodies can not gouerne nor digest CO. Tell mee what the qualitie of repletion of humors is LO It is when all the humors or one alone exceedeth demaineth such as are good and loweable CO. How callest thou it when all and when one onely demaineth LO When all it is called plethore by the Greekes and plenitudo by the Latins when onely one or all domene as the vitious domains it is called cacochynne or iuice vitious either of the choller phlegme or melancholie CO. What is euacuation or inanition LO It is an outdrawing and taking away of the humors which domains and molesteth our bodies which are euacuated either vniuersally or particularly CO. Which are the vniuersall euacuations LO Those which are done by purgation vrining bleeding vomiting scarrification exercise friction bathing medicaments digerents hemerhoides menstruous purgations also by the acte venerian in like manner by abstinence of meate but that is done by accident CO. Tell me after what manner the euacuation vniuersall is done LO By purgations and by medicamentes catartickes accommodated to euery kinde of humor by thinges diureticks by vomitors by thinges which prouoketh spitting and diuers others which I leaue to the learned mediciner Phlebotomie how it is done when and after what fashion ye shal heare at length in the sixt Treatise like as of frictions The bodie is euacuated by the immoderate act of Venus like as diuers other mischiefes ensueth thereupon and first of all it is hurtfull to the eies and all the organs sensitiues to the nerues the thorax the neirs and partes neare to the neirs and diuers other partes of our bodies and maketh men forgetfull prouoketh the goute dolors nephreticks diuers diseases of the bladder bringeth soone old age consequently death it doth hurt immoderatly vsed not onely to man but to all animals Pliny telleth of two that died sodainely in the acte venerian women are alwaies better disposed as saith Hippocrates Notwithstanding the Bishoppe of Illerden in Spayne in his booke intituled Consilium fraternitatis reporteth that in his time a woman complayned to the King of Arragone that her husband did knowe her 30. times a day and her husband confessing the same to the King was commaunded vpon paine of death not to haue companie with her aboue sixe times a day least the woman shoulde thereby be in danger of her life wherein saith hee wee are not so much to maruaile at the abilitie of the husband as at the complaint of his wife seeing the verse saith Et lassata viris nondum satiata recessit And also in the xxx Chapter of Solomons prouerbs Three thinges are insatiable and the fourth is neuer satisfied But because such as delight in this pastime will formalize as also because the vsage hereof is sometime profitable to the Chirurgian I will not altogether condemne it but like as I haue set downe the incommodities so shall you heare the commodities hereof according as some learned men haue written Paulus Aegineta saith the vsage of Venus moderatly vsed maketh the bodie more agill quicke it softneth the instruments being hard it openeth the coÌ„duits it purgeth the phlegme and is profitable for all passions phlegmaticks for heauines of the head it driueth away anger sadnesse melancholicke passions imaginations nocturnals it procureth appetite Aetius saith it is a worke of nature and so being moderatly vsed it is good if the parties be hot and humide it euacuateth the sperme for otherwise it shoulde become in some qualitie venimous so it deliuereth man of great euilles of the which Galen speaketh Hippocrates saith that the first act of Venus ceaseth many great sickenesses so these are the commodities of Venus moderatly vsed Abstinence also euacuateth the bodie both in sicke folke and whole but by accident as ye haue heard the which is done two waies the first when ye neither eat nor drinke at all and that is called abstinence secondly when we take meat but not so much as is needefull for conseruation of the vertue and that is properly called diet CO. Which are the particular euacuations LO When the braines are discharged by the rouse of the mouth and euidently by the nose by the eyes and eares obscurely the lightes by the trachearter the stomacke by vomiting the intestins by the fundament the lyuer the melt the kidneis and the bladder by the vrine the priuie partes of women by purgations naturall of the which some are done by the gift of nature some artificially if neede be as in others of the which ye shall heare at more leÌ„gth in my book of womens diseases The sixt Chapter of perturbations and passions of the minde CO. Arist Deuideth the minde into two partes to witte the part of reason the other without reason and it is subiect to diuers passions therefore tell me what thou callest passion of the minde LO It is a suffering of the minde by the iust course the which maketh maketh maruailous mutations in the body and therefore most necessary to be marked because of the great chaunces which ensue thereupon as we may
to swell through a waterie humor the rest of the body is small and leane Tympanites is a maladie in the which is more flatuositie and lesse humor and in touching soundeth like a drumme Anasarca or Lâ—ncophlegmatia is a disease wherewith the whole bodie but chiefely the priuie partes are swollen with a pituitous humor white and clare accompanied with feuer The cause is either externe or interne externe as stroakes falles heate colde fluxe of bloud or great and long running of the hemerhoides or through dissenteria also great vsage of humide meates as sewens euill water and such like whereof we had good proofe at the siege of Paris also euill regiment Plato saith that in the time of Apollo and Aesculapius neither caiter nor hydropsie nor many other diseases which now raigne were knowne and that through their great sobrietie The cause interne commeth chiefely of the vertue alteratrix and concoctrix of the liuer in like manner apostumes of the liuer also passions of the stomacke through the vice of the veines meseraicks intestine matrix bladder lightes milte and kidneâ—s The Iudgementes are that all hydropsies after a hotte feuer or in the feuer are euill if after apostume of the liuer it receiueth no curation if by vsing remedies the sicke groweth better within 3. or 4. daies is ill againe he healeth not if hee become laxatiue and haue no ease of his paine it is mortall if the spittle the breath and extremities do stink they are signes of death if flux with difficultie of respration he shall die within three dayes of all sorts ascites is the worst those that are yong and robust vsing exercise and if the humor be not putrified may be cured For the cure hereof there are 3. intentioÌ„s the first is good diet tending to hot and drie of good nourriture and light digestion it is good not to drinke at all but if it be any let it be a little old man I knewe a man that was cured by abstayning from drinke halfe a yeare Anthonius Bene uenius reporteth that he knew men cured by abstayning from drink a yeare without vsing any other remedies Let their bred be of barley wherwith shal be mingled the pouder of wormwood annisseede betonie calamint calamus aromaticus succorie fennell which thinges may also bee put in their pottage drinke asses goates milke is also good The second intention is with fomentions and vnguentes resotiues as ye haue heard in Edema The third intention is to corroborate the intemperie of the lyuer as is ample set downe by Albucrasis Some counsell to make incisioÌ„ the which I haue often seene but with euill successe therefore not to bee vsed as being reiected by Celsus Paulus Trallianus Gordonius and others The manner of incision is thus make the incision with a bistorie by the nauell but 3. fingers vnder it towards the flanck shuning the Linaea put a hollow tent in it and euacuate the humor by little little I haue set downe an excelleÌ„t remedie in the poore mans Guide for the curation of this disease if the fault be not in the liuer whereby I healed many in Paris during the time of the siege There are many other things which might be spoken of this matter which I leaue to the mediciners being more medicinall than Chirurgicall but by reasoÌ„ that sometime it falleth vnder the Chirurgians haÌ„ds I thought good thus much to intreate of it The ninteenth Chapter of the Tumor in the fundament called Condiloma THe fundament is subiect to diuers passions as Condiloma ficus atrices hemerhoids rhadiae clausio paralysis pruritus fistula Condiloma is a certaine excrescence of flesh hard tuberculus and membranous in the brimmes of the fundament sometimes accompanied with great tumor and swelling and are called Condilomata sometime not swelled and are called Atrices The cause is the weakenesse softnes and lowe scituation of the part also defluxion of humors which become rotten for the which it is of hard curation The signes are manifest to the sight accompanied with great tumor and dolor The Cure consiâ—th in good regiment and rest often purging with clisters bleeding in the arme to diuert the humor if there be any inflammation vsing vomitors thinges to prouoke vrine The topicall remedies are in the beginning to vse linimentes of oyle of roses cidoniorum with whites of egges thereafter vse remollientes and discutientes if it tend to suppuration vse such remedies as ye haue heard in others putting thereto a little of tapsus barbatus it must be opened in forme circular this counselleth Gordon to the ende the matier remaine not long there in which easily causeth fistule If the excrescence be great hard they must be consumed with causticke medicamentes as counselleth Celsus Sometime the fundament is closed as I sawe in Picardie in the Towne of S. Quintin in France where I brought a woman to bedde that had two children the one had excrescence of fleshe and dyed soone after it was borne the other had a membrane that closed the passage of the excrementes which I câ—tte with a bistorie and it healed This hapneth often to maides in their conduites for the which doe the like or haue recourse to Celsus Or to the mans Guide The twentie Chapter of the Tumors in the Fundament called Hemerhoides THe Hemerhoides are an inflamation or voiding of bloud of some one or moe of the fiue veines which goe about the Fundament of the which there are diuers kindes as saith Fernelius some are interne which are not to be seene others externe some swelled and voide no humor but in tract of time returne inwardly some open and auoyde aboundance of melancholicke bloud which maketh great payne The cause is great aboundance of melancholicke pituitous or bilious bloud also great vsage of mordicant medicines as saith Gordonius The Signes are these if the humor be colde the sicke feeleth great heauinesse and dolor and trembling of the bellie if the humor be hotte there shall be great pulsation euill coullor of the face heauinesse of the eyes The Iudgementes this disease is dangerous and difficill for sometime the great euacuation causeth the hydropsie euil colour and weakenesse of the bodie which often endeth in fistule If they be sodainely stayed they ingender dangerous maladies and often death the humor taking the course to some other part as the liuer or the lightes as saith Bartapallia if they voyde moderatly it is good and preserueth the sicke from melancholie leprosie strangurie griefe in the sides and inflamation on the lightes The naturall course of them is to voyde euery moneth once or at least foure or fiue times in the yeere The Cure is somewhat difficill the part being sensible and colde hauing no force of it selfe also being in a lowe place easie to receiue fluxion and being in a priuie place hard to
of naturall vnion and howe many wayes it is done LO Two wayes eyther without mediation but by succession of time groweth together as the nether iaw boane which manifestly is distinguished in children or else by mediation and is done three wayes to witte the cartilage as the boane pubis secondly by the nerue or tendon as the sternon and as illium are ioyned together thirdly by flesh as the teeth are fastened This as also all the Anotomie is most perfectly declared by Robert Achymutie Chirurgian of Edenburgh sometime Chirurgian in the great Hospitall of Paris CO. What is Dislocation LO It is an outgoing of the boane out of the naturall seate which letteth the mouing CO. Howe many differences are there of Dislocations LO Three of the which the first is called complete when the boane is altogether out of the place the second is imcomplete when the boane is not altogether but a little out the third is distortion elongation or peruertion of the ligament CO. How many wayes is Dislocation complete done LO Foure wayes before behinde outward and inward some vp some downe but not oft seene CO. Howe many differences hath incomplet LO It hath three the first that the ligament in the ioynt and about it is relaxed as chaunceth in the haunch the seconde when the ligament is forced by great violence as the legge or foote in making a wrong or croked steppe the thirde is when by little and little the ligament relaxeth bringeth the boane after it as chaunceth in the backe CO. How many differences hath the third which is called distortion LO No difference but onely the boane is made longer from the other CO. Which are the causes of luxation LO Two to witte externe and interne CO. Which are the externe LO Falles or stroakes and too violent extending of the member violently againâ—â— the figure naturall CO. Which are the interne LO Great aboundance of humor pituitous gathered in the ioynture which humecteth the ligamentes and maketh them softe and humide so the boane goeth out or by the extenuation of the muscles about the ioynture CO. Howe knowe you Dislocation LO By the extraordinarie tumor of the place by the emptinesse of the place where the boane was by the priuation of the moouing accompanied with dolor CO. By what iudgement or signe knowe you those that are easie and those that are difficill and those which are incureable and mortall LO I iudge by the kinde and diuersitie of the Dislocation and bodie as for example the 〈◊〉 is easie to goe forth to goe in also the finger in like manner members leane and where the nerues and ligamentes haue store of humiditie and moistnesse the arme difficill to goe forth and hard to put in againe and in grosse fatte and tender people those with fracture and apostume are euill to heale those are very difficill that haue the sides broken those which haue bene long out are almost impossible the two vppermost vertebres of the necke beeing out letteth the spiration and so the partie dieth within the space of three dayes CO. What method vse you for the cure hereof LO The methode generall for all Dislocations hath foure intentions the first is to put the boane in his owne proper place the extension of the member first made with handes or machins the second intention is to coatinue it in the place by good medicamentes and bandages as in Fractures the third is to put the member in right situation the fourth to giue order to the accidentes as by good dyet purging and bleeding if neede be reduce the Fracture before the inflamation be come otherwise stay till it bee past when it is neare whole or the accidentes past we shal vse thinges to corroborate and comfort the parte with certaine simples sodde in wine next the emplaister oxycrosiuÌ„ or ad fracturas CO. If the Dislocation chaunce with Fracture what is to be done LO First reduce the Dislocation next the Fracture if it be possible some reduce the Fracture next the Dislocation it being reduced and the Dislocation simple foment with oyle of roses whites of egges and cloth wette in oxicrate with splintes putting it in good figure with as little paine as may be It must not be stirred till the 7. day except inflamation or some euill accident doe fall at which time foment it with hot water thereafter the astringent as in Fractures keepe good dyet eate little for 4. or sixe dayes till the inflamation be past If the Dislocation be composed with causes interne as aboundance of humors which looseth the ligamentes wee vse astringent and drying medicines if it be accompanied with dolor and inflamation cure it as yee haue heard if feuer vse good dyet purgations and bleeding in the ende of the cure corroborate the parte with decoction of roses wormewood and wine thereafter the emplaister of oxycrosium The fourth Chapter of the embalming of dead folke SEeing that embalming of the dead is an auncient custome as appeareth by the olde and newe Testament and also prophane histories that the same is vsed in these our dayes aswell of Christians as infidelles I will shew the vsuall maner of it vsed in this our time First we lay the body oâ— a table and make incision from the clauicles to the os pubis next lift the sternon as also the musces of the inferior bellie taking out all which is contayned therein as also the braynes hauing first opened the panne with a saw which all shall be presently buryed in the earth sauing the heart which shall be embalmed eyther with the bodie or alone in a box of lead as the friendes shall thinke good â—hereafter thou shalt make long deepe incisions in the armes thighes buttocks and legges and other fleshie partes chiefly where there are veines and arters to the end they may the better auoyde which thing being done thou shalt diligently wash the three venters as also the partes incised with stronge vineger wherein hath been sodden Worme-wood Allom and Salt thereafter with Aquiâ—itae or fine spirite of Wine doe the lyke then dry all well with Lynnen clothes or sponges and fill vp the three bellies with pouders and a fewe flockes and sow them vp againe the incision shall be filled onely with the pouders and sowed vp likewise the pouders are commonly of Roses Camomill Meliot Mint Worme-wood Sage Lauendar Rosemary Marioram Time Cipres Gentian Iris of Florence all being dryee and beaten to fine pouder and mixed with Nutmeggs Cloues Cinamon Pepper Bengewin Aloes and Mirre Some vse onely for this purpose a fewe the most common of those hearbes with a little quick lime ashes of beane stalkes and of the Oake tree thereafter enroll the Corps in a cered cloth and tie him in all parts with small cords and put it in a coffer of lead well closed This is the common way to preserue dead bodies eyther vnder or aboue the earth for a
of good nourriture then tell me what is Aliment which ingendreth good iuice LO It is that which is light of disgestion that nourisheth well maketh litle excrements and ingendreth good blood as saith Cardanus such as Capons Partridges Larks Veale Mutton Kidds yolkes of egges some kinde of fishes but few as saith Cardan good wine bread of Wheate that is neyther too new nor too stale as sayth Auicen Also good Ale that is old cleare well sodden taken moderatly for otherwise the fume and vapours of it are more dangerous then that which commeth of wine CO. Haue the auncient mediciners spoken any thing of this of drinke LO Galen nor Hipocrates haue made no mention of it the Arabs haue esteemed much of it and inuented dyuers wayes to make it yet farre differring from the maner we vse in making thereof Auicen and Auerois who haue written at large of it say that it hath the vertue to quench the thirst prouoketh sleepe and tempereth the body CO. Which are the Elements which ingender euill humors LO All that are of euill disgestion like as Bacon yet neuerthelesse Galen greatlye commendeth for the similitude it hath with humane flesh yet it is founde by experience that the greate vse hereof causeth Leprosie because Swine amongst all other beastes are most subiect to that sicknesse for this cause sayth Tertullian and Baptist Mantuan that Moyses did forbid it to the Iewes because they were alreadye subiect to that sicknesse as writeth Arist In like manner salt Beefe Hartes flesh Haires Rammes Goates Geese and all sorts of water Fowles Cheese Fruites all sorts of legumes all sorts of bread excepting bread of wheate ar wrireth Galen As for the proprietie of euery sort of aliment ye shall heare at length in our treatise entituled the poore maÌ„s guide CO. What meanest thou by the quantity of meate LO That we neuer eate more then contenteth nature and not according to appetite as sayth Hipocrates let neuer a man who would liue in health fill himselfe too full of meate nor be slow to exercise and trauell and in so doing he shall sieldome be sicke so some old writers sayth that we should eate to liue but not liue to eate as many doe nowe a dayes like as the halfe of the people doth burst with morning drinkes desiune dinner afternoones drinke supper and collation so that they giue no leisure to nature to disgest that meate the which wracketh their bodyes and offendeth God by such Gluttonye The other halfe of the people is halfe hungred who worketh and trauaileth sore yet we see they liue longer and is lesse subiect to sicknesse CO. Is there alwayes iust measure to be obserued in meate LO No but in whole folkes we vse according to their temperature in sicke folkes in like manner according to the diuersitie of the sicknesse Galen counselleth in long sicknesses the sicke shall vse the dyet more large and in short sicknesses the diet shall be meaner when the sicknesse is in chiefe force they must vse a verye spare dyet yet as sayth Hypocrates it chaunceth oft times greater accidents of ouer strayght a dyet nor of a more large dyet Cardan is of the opinion to eate little at once for the Concoction is made the better so there remaineth little Superfluities and excrementes Plutarch Plinie and Macrebius are of opinion that one sort of meate simple is best of most easie disgestion CO. What doest thou obserue touching the qualitie of meate LO In whole folkes according to their temperature in sicke folkes according to the diuersitie of the sicknesse in Children â—liments that are hot and humide in hot sicknesses cold meates in cold sicknesses hot meates and so foorth in others CO. What doest thou obserue touching custome or vse LO The custome should bee obserued for as sayth our auncients it is a second nature we see that which is accustomed although it be not ouer good yet it is better Therefore if we chaunge it must be done by little and little as sayth Hipocrates I haue often seene men become sicke in other Countries chiefly for the changing of the alimentes in like manner Hipocrates sayth what we haue appetite vnto we should eate it although it be worse than thar we haue no appetite to for it is better sayth he because the stomack doth disgest it more quickly better than that which we take vnwillingly CO. Thou knowest that good order is to be obserued in all thinges but chieflye in meate and drinke for the greate effectes that insueth thereof therefore tell mee what order shoulde bee vsed in eating and drinking LO Cardan counselleth to eate that first which is easiest to be digested otherwise we force our stomack yet the humides firste Hyppocrates counselleth to vse lighte thinges in the morning to open the Bellye and such thinges at Night as nourisheth the Body also it best to eate before drink for the disgestion is wrought the better CO. Is there any time obserued when a man should eate and drinke LO Iâ— is alwayes best after some exercise but to eate moderatly chiefely when we are hungrie the exercise helpeth digestion and augmenteth the naturall heate in sicke folkes the time is obserued according to his custome and force of the sicknesse yet in the beginning of the accesse it is not best to eate or drinke except in great necessitie for lacke of strength soone after meate goe not to write nor reade nor vse no profound meditation for that deturneth naturall heat which should be occupied to digestion CO. What obserue you touching age LO I obserue in children aliments humides are best for in vsing of drie meates you drie vp the bodie and hinder the growing to young men who are exceeding hot and drie vse alimentes of contrary qualities like as to olde men which are colde and drie wee shoulde vse meates which heateth humecteth the parts solide in like maner the young should eate oftner and more because they haue aboundance of naturall heate olde on the contrary for lacke of natural heat Hippocrates saith in his Aphorismes olde men fast easily next those which are in manly age next adolescencie and young men but least of all children CO. What distinction make you touching the time of the yeere LO In winter which is colde and humide we must vse meate hotte and drie like as roste and in greater quantitie drinke little good In the spring time which is hotte and humide eate lesse and drinke more but weaker vse meates of good sucke The Sommer which is hot and drie we vse meates colde humide diminish the eating and augment the drinke more then in the spring The Autume which is cold and drie we beginne to cat a little more and drinke lesse then in Sommer or Spring time so wee followe the mutation of the time by meates and drinkes which are of contrarie qualities CO. What is drinke LO It is a
liquor appeasing the thirst mixting the meat in the stomacke CO. What is thirst LO It is an appetite of a thing colde and humide for the drinke doth humect and refresh either actualment presently or potentially to come Pline sayth hot drinke is contrary to nature we must not drinke so soone as we sit downe to the table for it moues and augmenteth the Catâ—ars also there is nothing more euill for Catâ—ars nor to drinke when we goe to sleepe Here we must obserue in drinking that we drinke neuer so much that it it swim in the stomacke as those doe who drinke for pleasure of whome Crinitus maketh mention saying that the first draught quencheth the thyrst the second maketh a man ioyous the thirde maketh him drunken the fourth putteth him cleane out of his senses Macrobius make mention that eating do make a man quiet and drink causes him clatter drinke moderatly taken hath three offices the first it helpeth the digestino the second is to mingle the meates third is to bring it to the Liuer veines and arters and there is two sorts of it the one norisheth like as wine beere and ale the other doth not nourish as water The thirde Chapter of mouing and exercise CO. What meane yau in this place by mouing LO All kinde of voluntarie exercise as labouring running ryding playing wresling leaping dauncing fencing CO. Doe these exercises bring any commoditie to our bodies LO In right vsing of them there commeth great commoditie and in ill vsing great and perilous accidentes Hipocrates sayth who desireth health let him not bee dull to labour for a man may not be healthfull if he trauell not to dissipate the excrements of the third digestion that is much recommeÌ„ded by Galen but he blames all exercise that moues the bodie vnequally CO. What particular commoditie baue wee of exercise LO It helpeth the naturall heate it quickneth the spirite it openeth the pores of our bodies wherby the excrements are consumed and wasted it comforteth all our members it confirmeth the inspiration and other actioÌ„s of our bodies CO. What time is most mete for exercise LO It is best before meate or long time after meate for the stomacke being full of meate it hindereth the digestion Fuchius reporteth that the Schollers of Almaine play immediatly after meate which causeth theÌ„ to full of humors crudities scabbs and vlcers Hypocrates sayth that labour meate drinke sleeping playing and women ought to be moderatly vsed like as all other exercises the exercise should be afore or long after meate as ye haue heard when the digestioÌ„ is perfect in the stomack and veines if otherwise it be vsed there gathereth abundance of crudities and chollâ—rick humors the exercise duly done purgeth the body of many excrements the exercise ought to be done in this manner after yee rise in the morning ye shall walke a little to the end that the excrements of the first digestion may fall into the intestinies and those of the second into the bladder that done spit out all in the mouth throate stomack wash the haÌ„ds face and rubbe it with a rough cloth to cause it to exhall and dissipe the vapours CO. What saist thou touching rest LO Like as exercise duly vsed hath great force for the coÌ„seruation of health so on the contrary much rest not only dulleth the principall instrumeÌ„ts of our bodies but also the minde it maketh many crudities and thereupon great abundance of euill humors Galen reckoneth idlenes to be cause of many cold maladies as also the Mother of many mischiefes the which were too loÌ„g to recite in this place The fourth Chapter of sleeping waking CO. What is sleepe LO Galen sayth it is a rest quietnes of the bodie and chiefly of the spirits and facultie animall CO. What is the cause of sleeping LO The chiefe cause is in the braines when the vapours ascendeth thervnto and by the coldnes of the braines those vapours are changed into humors the which closeth the conducts of the nerues CO. What things doth prouoke sleepe LO All such thinges as maketh abundance of vapors like as wine ale full of barme milke and all thinges that are moist and cold and commonly after meate vapors ascendeth to the head and so prouoke sleepe CO. Doe all men sleepe like quantitie LO That is according to the temperature of the person for some sleepe longer some shorter CO. What space is ordinarily required for men to sleepe LO Seauen howers eight howers some Nine as Galen saith Plinie sayth that in sleeping we spend the halfe of our time it dulleth the head it hindreth to digest the crudities it gathereth abundance of excrementes it hebeteth and maketh grosse the spirits of old folks and children it retyâ—â—â— the excremeÌ„ts in sleeping couer well they head feete for cold of the extremities is verye contrary to those that hath the brains cold humide Plinie in the 7. of his natural history said that Epimenides did sleepe in a caue the space of Fifty 7. yeare being wearied by the heate of the sunne yet when he wakened he thought to haue slept but on day CO. What time is most meete to sleepe LO Hyppocrates Aetius and others are of the opinion to walke on the day sleepe in the night for that is the institutioÌ„ of nature also the sleepe should begin two howers after supper such time is most meete for the digestion of our meates for by slepe the natural heate is in the ceÌ„ter of the body Sleeping on the day filleth the braines full of humidity also it hindereth the concoction of the which coÌ„meth ganting riâ—ting winds heauynesse of the members chiefly of the head diuers sicknesses as catarrhes Cardan couÌ„selleth to slepe in the day but meaneth of such folke that doth not rest in the night CO. WheÌ„ men goe to sleepe Which side shold they lie on LO First on the right side because the meate goe more easily to the bottoÌ„e of the stomack therafter on the other side no wayes on the face for that causeth defluxions in the eyes as saith Iesus nor on the backe for that maketh heate in the raines apoplexie the maire the grauell and diuers other accidents in no wise the handes vnder the head as some doe for that causeth defluxion of humors on the lightes sleepe not soone after meate CO What is to be obserued in sleeping of sicke folkes LO Hippocrates saith those sickenesses wherein the sleeping is painefull esteeme them to be dangerous mortal if not painefull it is a good token CO Is it needefull to obserue dreames in sleeping LO Cardan saith dreames are not to be neglected because sometime by that we know the affections of the humors which demaineth as for example the sanguine dreames are merrie the cholericke dreames are fierie the melancholicke sadde the phlegmaticke colde for they thinke they see raine and snowe in their sleepe CO.
perceiue by the authorities of Arist who saith the motion and perturbations of the minde bringeth great motions and mutations to the naturall heate In like maner Hipocrates and Galen shew that many die by the motions and perturbations of the minde for the perturbations of the minde either dâ—lateth or comprimeth the hart for the which the vitall spirites are either cast foorth by the dilatation of the heart or else contained by the great compression hereof among the which ioy hope loue bringeth the spirites outwardly sadnes and feare bringeth inwardly to the center in diuers maners as ye shal heare CO. How many such passions are there LO There are manye but here I will reckon those which are most common like as mirth sadnes feare anger shamefastnes enuie hatred hope loue CO. What is mirth LO It is an affection of the mind conceiued of a thing good and pleasant by the which the blood and spirits are sweetely spread for the present goodnes by the dilatation of the heart if it be great and last any space there often commeth death because the heart is destitute altogether of blood Arist reporteth of a woman named Policriâ—a that shee dyed for ioy alsoâ— Phillippides a writer of comedies being contending with an other and ouercomming his neighbour beyond his expectation dyed for ioy Valerius Maximus wrâ—teth of two women one Chiloâ— a Lacidemonian and Diagore a Rhodian that they dyed for ioy for the returne of their sonnes as also because they had ouercome their enemies in the warrs Gellius telleth of one Diagoras who when hee saw his three Sonnes Crowned at Olympus for their vertue dyed for ioy embracing them in the presence of the whole people These accidents happen oftner to women then to men because naturally they haue the hart more cold and fewer vitall spirites therefore the few spirits dissipateth soone and so dye In like manner faintharted men yet ioy moderatly vsed doth many good thinges in vs fiâ—st it refussitateth the spirit it helpeth the concoction and all the habitude of the bodie it fortifieth the vertues animall much laughing is hurtfull to young children CO. What is sadnesse LO It is an affection that reuoketh the naturall heat inwardly toward the center of the body but at great leisure it presseth the heart and drieth vp the bodie that hardly the spirit vitall can gouerne as before or if any be it is so feeble that it can not goe with the blood through the rest of the body so consumeth the body it becommeth atrophie and leane and causeth death Cicero writeth saying it were great good among men to liue without eating or drinking but it were a greater good if men could liue without melancholie because the meate we eate doth but corrupt the humors of our bodie but sadnesse and melancholie doth consume both flesh bones also gnaweth the entrailes of the which diuers die Plinie saith that one Petrus Rutillius after he knewe that his father had a repulse of his petitions died for sadnesse Also Marcus Lepidus after his wife was diuorced from him dyed In like manner Hely high Priest of the Iewes and diuers other which were too long to repeate Also Antonius Boneuenus de abditis morborum causâ—s sayeth of a boy that dyed for feare by seeing of two men cladde in blacke in going to the stoole and so dyed 8. dayes after about the same houre as doe the most part CO. What is feare LO It is a motion that reuoketh the spirite to the center to the heart by the arters suddenly which suffocateth the naturall vitall heat it causeth trembling sometime the bellie looseth and death ensueth so I finde that feare maketh the same accidents that melancholie doth but grreater in short time it draweth the bloud and spirits to the heart the visage groweth pale the extremities cold with vniuersall trembling the voice is intercepted with great palpitation of the heart it being suffocated by the great aboundance of the bloud and spirites that it can not moue liberally Galen saith this passion hapneth oft to women and people of colde temperature Zenophon assureth that the great torments of feare is more vehement theÌ„ all present aduersities Diuers learned men haue affirmed that men haue growen white in 25. yeeres onely by the apprehensioÌ„ feare of death CO. What is anger LO It is a suddaine reuocation of the spirits to the externall parts with an appetite of reuenge or it is an ardent heat or ebulâ—sion of bloud done in the heart with desire of vengeance whereof come euill accidentes this inflameth the whole habitude of the body causeth feuer because by the inflamation of the heart the spirit and bloud are troubled likewise the braines and nerues of the which commeth Frenzie and diuers other accidents it bindeth the heart lightes CO. What is shamefastnesse LO It is a mouement of our body next to anger by the which one knowing and suspecting his owne fault would be angrie with himselfe seeing the iudgement of others in this passion the bloud returneth in suddeinly out so the cheekes become redsome dye Plinie saith that one Diodorus professor of Dialecticke hauing propounded to him a question and not answering it as he should dyed for shame Valerius maximus reporteth of Homere that he died for shame because he coulde not resolue a question propounded to him by fishers CO. What is Enuie LO It is a triste oppression of the heart angrie at the felicitie of some other man CO. What is hatred LO It is an old habitude malicious bredde of anger by the which the heart would reuenge the iniurie CO. What is hope LO It is a motion by the which the heart desireth the good future it openeth and dilateth it like as ioy for the present good CO. What is loue LO It is a feruent motion by the which the heart desireth ardently endeuoureth to draw to it a good assured and apparent not much different froÌ„ hope except the loue is more ardent The third Treatise of things altogether contrary to our nature which containeth three Chapters CO. Wee haue discoursed sufficiently of naturall things whereof our body is composed as also of vnnaturall things which may alter our bodies not being duely vsed here we intend to speake of thinge which are altogether contrarie to our nature and destroy it for the which cause Galen calleth them thinges contrarie to nature therefore let me know what things those are which are altogether contrarie to our nature how many they are in number LO They are three Maladie Cause of maladie and Accidents of maladie The first Chapter of Maladie CO. Seeing thou sayest that the first of the three thinges contrarie to nature is Maladie then tell me the definition thereof LO It is a disposition against nature that hurteth manifestly the operations of the bodie CO. Then tell mee what is health LO It is a constitution
according to nature which maketh the actions of our bodie perfect CO. How many kinds of maladies are there LO Three to wit Intemperiâ— Euill confirmation and Solution of contiâ—â—â—nitie CO. What is Intemperie LO It is a maladie in the similar partes digressing from the owne temperature CO. Howe many wayes is that done LO Two wayes to wit eitheâ— by the simple intemperie by the aboundance of a humor onely as colde hot moist or drie CO. What is Euill confirmation LO It is a vice in the partes organicks eyther in the figure magnitude or scituation as for example that which should be naturally right is oblique so forth as if a part were augmented or diminished contrarie to nature in like maÌ„ner in the number of partes as if a man had sixe fingers or foure also in the scituation or collection as if partes naturally ioyned were disioyned as happeneth in dislocations CO. Which is the third kind of maladie Lo. Solution of contiâ—â—itie both in the similar and organicke parts which hath diuers names according to the varietie of the partes where they are The second Chapter Of the cause of Maladie CO. What is the cause of Maladie LO It is some affection which maketh sickenesse of the which some are externes some internes CO. Which are the externes LO They are called procatarticks or primitiues as strokes falles shot and such like or euill nourriâ—â—r CO. Which are the internes LO They are two to wit anticedents and coniunct CO. Which are the causes antecedents LO Euill humors in the body CO. Which are the causes coniunct LO It is that which maketh the sicknes presently and is alwayes with the sicknes and where the sicknes is not it is absent CO. Howe commeth the cause of maladie LO There are some we haue from the Mothers wombe and from the parents which wee call maladies heriditaries some doe ingender after our birth as by the regiment of life strokes and falles as you haue heard The third Chapter of accidents and Symptomes CO. What is accident or Symptome LO Galen sayth that symptome is any thinge that chaunceth to man by nature so the causes interne of sicknesses may bee called Symtomes CO. How many kinde of Symptomes are there LO Three to wit the first is when the action is offended which may be done three waies that is eyther abolished diminished or deprauated as for example in blindnes the sight is abolished dimished as suffocation as happeneth in the beginning of Catarack deprauated as for a certaine time as in changing the simple affection of our body or the whole habitude from one extremitie to another as the naturall heate into inflamatioÌ„ the scabs of the flesh into leprosie the third is in the vice of the excremeÌ„ts by immoderat retention or expulsion as the Hemorhoides the purgations of women the vrines these or any of these retayned or euacuated ouermuch maketh great accidents and so we end this treatise THE FOVRTH TREATISE OF tumors or aposthumes against nature in generall which contaynes XIII Chapters Written by Peter Low arellian Doctor in Chirurgerie and Chirurgian ordinarie to the King of France and Nauair Of tumors in generall Chapter 1 Of Phlegmon Chapter 2 Of furuncle Chapter 3 Of Anthraâ— or Carbunele Chapteâ— 4 Of gangrene or hâ—stiomen Chapter 5 Of Sphasell Chapter 6 Of tumors bilions Chapter 7 Of Herpes Chapter 8 Of tumors petuitoâ—s Chapter 9 Of flatâ—ons tumors Chapter 10 Of â—â—heorâ—ma steâ—tema mellericeris Chapter 11 Of melancholicke tumors Chapter 12 Of Cancer Chapter 13 The first Chapter of the causes signes and curation of Aposthumes in generall COinteret Now it is neceslarie wee come to the exercise of Chirurgerie for the more sure vnderstanding of the same wherein wee will begin at tumors er aposthumes against nature demaunding first of you what is an aposthume LO It is a disease composed of three diuers maladies to wit euill coÌ„plexioÌ„ in the similar parts euill composition or constitutioÌ„ in the instrumeÌ„tall parts dissolutioÌ„ of coÌ„tinuity in both similar instrumentall parts offeÌ„ding the actioÌ„s of the meÌ„ber where it is CO. What is the cause of Apostumes LO Some are generals and some are specials CO. Which is the generall cause LO Either fluxion or congestion CO. What is fluxion It is a mouing of the humors of the body to some certaine part the which either by the quantitie or qualitie or both together may not be receyued by the parte without offence CO. Which are the causes of fluxion LO They are double to witte eyther in the parte or partes that sende or in the parte or partes that receiue CO. Howe is the fluxion made in the part that sendeth LO When the facultie retentiue of the part is ouercharged with humors which offend either in quantitie qualitie or both for then the part dischargeth it selfe by the vertue expultrix chiefly when it is strong also when the parte that sendeth hath connexion with the part that receiueth or when the patt that receiueth is inferior to the part that sendeth or if the said partes haue any sympathie togâ—â—her as the stomacke with the braine CO. Which are the causes in the partes that receyue LO They are diuers as weaknes not hauing force to repell or driue them elsewhere the vesselles and conduites large where the matter doth passe or else because it is soft in substance and so easie to receiue sometime for the dolor which maketh attraction of the matter from the partes neare to it or great heate which draweth and prouoketh fluxion CO. What is congestion LO It is a masse of matter contrarie to the nature ingendred of the superfluities of the thirde concoction of the aliment and foode which are distributed for the nouriture of the parts of the bodie which chauÌ„ceth when the aliment is not so digested as it may well be appropriated to the part which shoulde be nourished CO. Which are the causes of congestion LO They are either imbecillitie of the facultie concoctrix of the part that it can not digest that which is sent to it by nature for the nouriture of it or imbecillitie of the facultie expultrix that can not expell the superfluities that resteth commonly in the partes CO. By what meanes knowe you the tumors made by fluxion and congestion LO The tumors made by fluxions are with great dolor rednes pulsation and make the degrees faster than the other which are done by congestion Those which are done by congestion gâ—owe little and little and doe diminish in like manner when they come to their declination CO. Which are the speciall causes of aposthumes LO Three to wit primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primitiue causes LO They are external causes as falles strokes and other externall violences which moue the humors of our body also great heate of the aire or meate or drinke taken ouer hot or ouer cold CO. which are the causes antecedent LO They are internall not knowne
as the presidents the which ingeÌ„dreth not only the maladie but also entertaine such as the humors naturalls offeÌ„ding in quantitie or qualitie also the intempetature feeblenes and euill confirmation dolor of the partes CO. Which are the coniunct causes LO The coniunct is the matter gathered together in the place is so called because it is with the sicknesses and norisheth it with the dispositioÌ„ of the member CO. Which are the generall signes of aposthumes LO Tumor or swelling in any part otherwise than the naturall disposition offending the action also difference of the partes which should be like to other dolor and heate CO. By what signes know you euery kinde of tumur LO Either by the colour intemperature hot cold hardnes or softnes dolor tension mordicaâ—ion as also by contimation of the fluxion for first the colour is like the humor as if it bee red it is of the sanguine humor if white of pituite if black of the humor melancholicke if yellow of chollâ—r Further if there be heate it signifieth either sanguine or choller or some burnt 〈◊〉 or if cold waterie or windy it signifieth the humor pituitâ—ous or melaÌ„cholick Hardnes with-dolor signifieth phlegâ—oÌ„ if without dolorâ—schir If softnes without dolor it signifieth Edema tensioÌ„ betokeneth great repletion of winde if mordication it signifieth the acrimonie of the humor that maketh the tumor CO. Howe many sortes of aposthumes are there LO Two hot and cold CO. Which are the hot LO Those which proceede of blood and choller CO. Which are the colde LO Those which come of phlegme or melancholie CO. Which are those that proceede of blood LO phlegmon Carbunculus Phimus Phigetlon Tâ—rminthon Fermiculus Gangrena Authrax Tuberculus Opthalmia Schinancia Bubo CO. Which are those that come of choller LO Eresipelas Herpes Formica and Empetigo CO. Which are those which proceede of the petuite LO Oedema all windie aposthumes Atheorâ—ma Steotema and Mellericeris Asâ—ites Lenchophlegmatia bronco caele CO. Which are those that come of melancholye LO Schirrus Cancer Leprosie Dracunculus Wartes Clauus Thimus Morphea nigra alba of all which we will hereafter intreate perticulerly in seuerall Chapters at this present it shall suffice to knowe that they proceede of the foure humors CO. What iudgement giue you of tumors LO I giue some to be cureable some dangerous some dolorous some long in healing and some to be mortall CO. Which are cureable LO Those which are in the partes musculous and bodies of good temperature CO. Which are the dangerous LO All those which doe penetrate internallye in the bodie and those which are very large not pointed as sayth Hipocrates and and those which are in parts verie sensible CO. Which are the dolorous LO Those which are in the parts neruous and membranous and are ingendred of a sharp and byting humor CO. Which are long in healing LO Galen sayth that those which happen in rich and delicate persons because they refuse fit remedies for the curation of such tumors also all that are harde and in euill dispâ—sed bodieâ— and hydropicks Elephanticks all such as are long in healing CO. Which are mortall LO Those which are venemous or taken the course inwardly towards the noble partes or those which are in the noble partes How many times or degrees haue the aposthumes LO Foure to wit the beginning augmenting state or vigor and declination CO. What is the beginning LO It is wheÌ„ the tumor doth first appeare and beginneth to swell CO. What is the augmentation LO It is when the tumor groweth more and more as also the accidents CO. What is the state or vigor LO It is when neyther the tumor nor accidents grow but remaine in one estate CO. What is the declination LO It is when wee perceiue the tumor and also the accidents to disminish with a dissipation of the humor eyther by resolution or supuration CO. What is resolution LO It is the euacuation of the humor by the pores of the flesh insensible to vs. CO. What is suppuration LO It is a vertue which maketh the humor gathered in the place into matter so all aposthumes do eyther end by one of these two determinations or else by induration or corruption so in all there are but foure termination the best is resolutioÌ„ in the beginning the worst corruption but supputation is better than induratioÌ„ CO. Which are the signes of these terminations LO The signes of resolution are lightnes or ease of the member tumified diminution of dolor pulsation and tension with itching in the parte The signes of â—upputation are dolor pulsation augmentation of heate and feuer with eminent tumor The signes of induration are diminution of tumor and the accidents precedent with a manifest hardnes The signs of corruptioÌ„ are diminutioÌ„ of feling of the dolor with change of the coulor and so becommeth by little little black and euill sauoured CO. What is the generall cure of aposthumes LO Ar for the cure we must vnderstan'd that eyther the tumor or swelling is in making or is alreadie made for the which cause we haue two intentions the one to stay the fluxion of the humor to the place the other euacuate the humor gathered in the place CO. How stayest thou the fluxion LO First I consider if it come of plenitude of all the body theÌ„ I stay it by letting blod if the region aire time of the yeare strength of the patieÌ„t do permit after the forme ye shall heare in the 7. treatise also by bathing exercise vnctions degerants and abstinence In like maner if cacochymie or plenitude of humors I heale it by vomiting purgations and Clisters If through imbecillitie of the part I fortifie it by meete remedies if by the situatioÌ„ which is lower I situate the part in such fashion that rhe parte offended is higher than the whole If dolor be the cause I stay it by vsing anodine remedies as ye shall heare in the sixt treatise If great heate I stay it by cold things I stay and deturne the fluxion by scarifications ventousing cornets horshleaches straight binding frictions such like CO. By how many waies do you fortifie the part LO By three waies that is by colde and humide things or cold drie or cold and stiptick so any part may be delibated three wais that which is relaxed with heate humiditie must bee coÌ„forted with cold drie things the hot drie is healed by cold humide things If 〈◊〉 and opennes of the pores it is cured by things cold and stiptick CO. Which is the seâ—ond intentioÌ„ LO It doth consist in euacuating that humor which is made to the end the member may returne into his owne estate CO. How is euacuation done LO Two waies first by dryuing the humor to some other part as to repell it inwardly also in fortifiing the member CO. When shall repecussiues be vsed LO In the
beginning that aswell on the sore as about it but that which is on the sore must not be so astringent nor corrobaritiue as that which is about it CO. How many kinds of repercussiues ere there LO There are diuers for some be cold without astriction like as bol armenie plantine the stone hermatite some bee hot as galles red wine nuts of Cipres wormewood mastick and such like CO. Are they not otherwise deuided LO Guydo of Gâ—leaâ— doth deuide them into proper commune the proper as oxycrate solanum bol armenie wormwood 〈◊〉 such like the commune as whites of eggs mallowes oyle of Roses camomill mastick white colyriuÌ„ such like CO. How shall these diuers sortes be vsed LO When the matter is hot the repercussiues shal be cold and when it is cold they shal be hot CO. Are repercussiues indifferently vsed in all sicknesses LO There are ten exceptions wherin the propers are not vsed first when the matter is in the emunctoirs of the noble partes secondly if the matter be venemous thirdly being thick euil to remoue fourthly when it is verie hard impacted in the place fiftly when it hapneth in the crisis of a sicknes sixtly when the matter commeth of a cause primitiue seauenthly in a body plethorick eightly when the part is weake and the body destitute of force ninthly wheÌ„ it is in the noble parts tenthly when it is with vehement dolor and in that we vse anodines and not repercussiues CO. How is the second intentioÌ„ done Lo. By euacuting that which is done in â—he place and that by resoluing and discutient medicaments and euaporatiues that are meanly hot and humide likewise by drawing emplasters by sucking ventousing ' incisioÌ„ of the part grieued as sayth Auicen but yet in both the euacuations we must regard the quaÌ„titie and qualitie of the matter which the tumor is composed of as also to the nature of the place where it is for we must not cure those which proceede of blood as those which come of phlegme chollor or melaÌ„choly also we must respect the nature of parts for we must vse other remedies in soft humid parts as the flesh glaÌ„des thaÌ„ in hard dry parts as nerues ligameÌ„ts cartilages bones We must also haue respect to the parts of the body for some are simples others coÌ„posed some of one teÌ„perature some of another so the remedies must be vsed to the part We must also respect the coÌ„firmation of the part for some are hollow without or within some are soft easie to receiue fluxioÌ„ in like manner we must regard the coÌ„munications of the veines one with an other also to the coÌ„modity of the coÌ„duits to expell the excremeÌ„ts as also to the vertue of the place for som are seÌ„sible some not as also the diuersity of the parts for some are noble parts as the braine hart lyuer which send the vertue through al the body by the nerues arters veines others doe serue the principall parts without whose action we cannot liue like as the stomacke the kidneyes bladder and sundry others In partes that are sensible wee must beware to apply medicines that loose resolue 〈◊〉 or to apply any thing that is of a strange qualitieâ— and venemous CO. Are there no other thinges to bee considered in the cure of tumors LO We take our indication according to the diuersitie of the tumor CO. How many sortes of tumor are there LO Foure some are hard some soft some inward some vlcered CO. What remedies vse you in these apostumes LO In hard apostumes we vse remedies that soften and haue a hot and somewhat drie vertue wee vse no resolutiues in such tumors by reason the matter waxeth hard like a stone the soft are cured by hotte thinges that resolue and open the pores the vlcered apostumes like as formica are healed by colde things the inward are cured by diminishing the matter with bleeding purging and other generall remedies abstaining from all strong drinke violent exercise perturbations of the minde like as anger feare and the rest which yee haue heard in the treatise of vnnaturall things the rest of the cure pertaineth to the iudgement of the expert Chirurgian vsing such remedies that soften and make ripe as cassia fistula triacle and solanum which haue great vertue to resolue hidden apostumes as writeth Hollerius and Marianus sanctus CO. If the apostumes ende not by resolution induration nor corruption but by suppuration what is to be done LO It must be opened CO. By howe many wayes LO Two wayes either by themselues or helpe of the Chirurgian CO. Which are opened by themselues LO Those which are hot eminentes soft and tender skinned CO. In what time doe they open LO Some in tenne fifteene or twentie dayes some in fortie or threescore dayes but according as we apply fitte remedies some open sooner and some are longer in opening CO. Which are those which are opened by the helpe of the Chirurgian LO Those which are hard large and thicke skinned cold and in bodies euill disposed in parts membranous and the emunctoires CO. How many waies helpeth the Chirurgian LO Two wayes either by canter actuall potentiall or by incision CO. Howe many wayes maketh the Chirurgian his incision LO Three wayes in length breadth and circular CO. What meane you by the length LO When it is according to the rectitude of the muscles nerues membranes to the ende the action of the part may be preserued CO. When by the breadth LO When we haue intention to destroy the action of the part as in spasme or conuulsion we cut the nerue or muscle ouerthwart to saue the rest for better it is that one member be debilitated then to lose the whole bodie CO. WheÌ„ vse we incision circular LO When the cauitie is great to the end the matter may euacuate the better CO. You haue answered to me sufficiently touching apostumes in generall I would haue you hereafter particularly to intreat of euery one of them by themselues beginning at those which proceede of bloud and first with Phlegmon because it is most common and causeth many diuers accidents thereafter followe out the rest in order aswell generall as particular so at our next meeting we will intreat of woundes after the same method The second Chapter of Phlegmon PHlegmon is a tumor against nature ingendred of defluxion of bloud in diuers partes of the bodie but most commonly in the soft partes and is of colour redde sore hard inflamed accompanied with feuers and diuers other accidents Of it there are two sortes the true Phlegmon is ingendred of naturall bloud being in any parte more then is needefull for the vse thereof the other commeth of vnnaturall bloud altered by some chaunge as by mixtion of one or moe of the other humors with it so according to the domination of the humor it taketh the name as
for example if the choller domaine amongst the bloud more then the rest of the humors the tumor shal be called phlegmonerisipelatus and in like manner in the rest as phlegmon edematus or schirrus so Galen saith that the humors are seldome found alone but mixed together The cause is triple primitiue antecedent and coniunct The primitiues are externall and first motiues as great vsage of meates which ingender much bloud also all those thinges which may moue the humors and prouoke fluxion falles strokes breaking of the bones contusion heate excessiue labour and such like The antecedant cause â— great superfluitie and aboundance of bloud offending either in quantitie qualitie or both intemperie euill confirmation and dolor of the part The cause coniunct or continent is the bloud or matter affixed in the affliged parte The signes are inflamation rednes hardnes feuer dolor and pulsation chiefly it being in maturitie The iudgementes the small ones doe often resolue the great ones doe often apostume sometiâ—e degender into great sickenesses according to the euill disposition of the bodie and partes where it chaunceth as mortification and schirre Sometime it returneth to the place it came froÌ„ as in the emunctoires of the noble parts As for the curation it shall be reduced to foure pointes according to Fâ—chius and Togatius the first in good diet of life secondly in staying the humour that floweth to the place thirdly in euacuating that which is in the place fourthly in correcting the accidents which often chaunce as saith Galen As touching the first which is good diet as saith Galen it shall be obserued in sixe thinges not naturals which shall be colde contrarie to the humor which is hotte sometime it shall be colde and humide and if it be with feuer the humor that floweth shall be diuerted by taking away the cause as repletion of the euill humors by bleeding purgations and also by strengthening the parte if it be debille also by frictions ventouseing and binding The humor shall be euacuated in diuers wayes according to the degrees of the apostumes as in the beginning we must vse repercussiues as whites of egges oxycrate rose and plantaine waters cataplasmes of bol armenie terra figillata barke of pomegranate henbane oyle of roses vnguent of roses album rasis diacalcitios or populeon For the augmentation which is the second degree we vse repercussiues and resolutiues like as mallowes plantaine roses wormewood barley flowre oyle of camomill oxicrate pouder of roses and mirtle sodden wine called sapa rose water vinegre saffron of which things you may make cataplasmes liniments fomentations as you shall finde expedient In the vigor we vse repercussiues and resolutiues in like force like as mallowes parietarie althea rosted vnder the ashes oyle of roses camomilli with a little beane flowre In the declination we vse only resolutiues Auicen counselleth to soften a little which shall be done with fomentations of althea origan lyne seede fenigrec flowers of camomill roses which thinges shall all be sodden in white wine mingled with a little barley meale and hony vnguent of aragon martiatum or agrippa de althea de melilâ—to or diachilon paruum We correct the accidents which is the fourth point as dolor which must be appeased by all meanes for the great accidents which often doe ensue For the which we vse oyle of roses waxe and wine sodden together as counselleth Galen Also cataplasmes of white bread and milke water oyle of roses violettes or camomill or annise seede or sweete almondes yolkes of egges with a little saffron in like manner the flowers of mallowes camomill and mellilot sodden in wine putting thereto a little barley flowre and goose grease lyne seede also vnguentes of roses and populeon If these thinges be not sufficient we take the leaues of henbane poppie rosted vnder the ashes and tempered with the iuice of sorrell and housleeke put to it a little hennes grease and saffron If the matter take the course inwrdly to some noble parte wee remedie it by application of ventouses cornettes frictions straight ligatures and such like If the matter com to a dispositioÌ„ schirrus we must vse medicameÌ„ts that soften digest as ye shall heare in the Chapter of schir If â—t tend to putrifaction it shal be helped by deepe scarifications cataplasmes made of beane flower soddeÌ„ in vineger and honye and such other remedies as ye shall heare in the Chapter of Gangren Oftentimes this tumor tendeth to suppuration which we knowe as sayth Paulus by the great swelling and rednes of the place eminent great heate dolor pulsation and feuer and such like those thinges being perceiued we passe from resolutiues to suppiâ—atiues as to foment the place first with hot water or oyle also with honie and water called Hydreleon making a cataplasme with wheate flower sodden in Hydrelâ—on putting to it a little fresh butter Calues greace Henns or Goose Also you may make a suppuratiue of Lillie roots Sorrell Parretarie and Mallowes sodden in Hydrelion put thereto a litle flower of Fenegreck Lyu-seede oyle of Lillies with a little sower leauen after it is taken of the fier put to it twoo yolkes of Egges this sort of remedie appeaseth well rhe dolor for the same effect we vse the emplaster called Dilachilon magnum or Basilicon The suppuration made we know by the diminution of the accidents and the tumor which is pointed also with pressing on it with the two thumbes we find it soft with great innundation Then if it open not shortly of it selfe it must be done by a ruptor or lancet otherwise it waxeth hollow and putrifieth within In the opening of it there are three tules to be obserued as yee haue heard in the generall Chapter Here we must obserue that the incision be made in the inferior part the matter must not be euacuated at one tyme make the incision the length eschewing nerues sinewes veines and arters and not by the breadth as sayth Auicen When it is opened we vse the yolke of an egge with a litle Turpintine oyle of Roses for a certain space therafter hony of Roses or sirupe of Roses mundificatiue de apio apostolorum or my mundificatiue set down in the poore mans guide or any other thing that munifieth sometime we adde a little egiptiac specially to those which withstand the former remedies the vlcer cleansed wee mixe with a little Turpintine and Honye some pouder of Irish aloes and thus or some little aureum with these pouders thereafter the emplaster of Diacalciteos or red desiccatiue and such like so the vlcer healeth The third Chapter of the tumor Feruncle or Dothine which proceedeth of Phlegmon WE haue spoken in the generall Chapter of diuers tumors which come of the sanguine humor as Phigethton Phinia and diuers others but by reason they may be cured by the generall râ—râ— of Phlegmon we let them passe and speake of the rest beginning
roses and mirtlâ—es a little myrhe and aristolochia washing often the sore with oximell If neede require to vse more strong remedies take egipciac and mixe therewith a little arsenic or orpiment and put in the scarrifications which remedies must bee vsed with good iudgement noting where the gangren ceaseth The furie of the maladie being past cause the scarre to fall with honey butter and yolkes of egges If none of these preuaile but that the gangren becometh in sphasell we must vse the like cure as in sphasell for the safetie of the rest of the bodie The sixt Chapter of Sphasell VVEE must heere consider the differences betweene Gangren Sphasell for Gangren is the Latin word and is a mortification of all the partes where it hapneth sauing the bones and is cureable but Sphasell or â—â—deration is a mortification both of soft and solide partes and is no wayes remedied but by amputation it is called the fire of S. Anthonie or S. Martiall The cause is as you haue heard in Gangren ioyned with an euill disposition of the bodie and an humor venemous which commonly corrupteth the bone afore it make any externall showe sometime it proceedeth of olde vlcers that haue bene long orpressed with rotten matter and so corrupteth the bone causeth mortification also biting of vipers mad dogges The signes are these the member waxeth blacke as it were burnt afterwardes rotten which in shorte time ouercommeth the whole bodie the skinne doth come froÌ„ the fleshe The Iudgementes are that it is for the most part incureable and the patient dieth in a colde sweat The cure in so much as may be consisteth onely in amputation of the member which shall bee done in this manner for the friendes must first be aduertised of the danger because often death ensueth as you haue heard either for apprehension weakensse or fluxe of bloud For this cause the learned Celsus calleth it a miserable remedie yet we vse it by reason in so doing there is some hope and in not vsing of it there is none but sodaine death for better it is to loose one member then the whole bodie After this wee must apply on the place of amputation for there is diuersitie of opinions Hippocrates and some others counsell to cutte in the ioynte for it is more easie to be done and also the marrow is not discouered as in other partes and the fluxe of bloud is not so great Others thinke it best to cut foure inches from the ioynt either aboue or vnder according to the putrifaction which is both more easie and sure then in the ioynt For these and sundry other circumstances I aduise to cut foure inches from the ioynt in all amputacions sauing onely if the mortification or riuing of the bone end in the ioynt theÌ„ it may be cut in the ioynt chiefly in the knees but wheresoeuer you make your amputacion remember to cut rather a little of the whole then to leaue any of the infected for if any remaine it infecteth the rest and so requireth newe amputacion The place of amputacion noted we situate the sicke after a fitte maÌ„ner hauing respect both to the nature and qualitie of the parte and to our owne commoditie then you shall haue two men to holde the patient next the Chirurgian shall commaund the sicke to bend and put out the member to the ende the skin veines arters may be the more lengthened that after the amputacion they be more apparent so be knitte or canterized That being done the Chirurgian shall pull vp the skin muscles as much as he can afterwardes he shall take a strong ribband and bind the member fast aboue the place two inches where the amputacion shall be The vse of this ribband is diuers first it holdeth the member hard that the instrumeÌ„t may cutte more surely secondly that the feeling of the whole part is stupified rendred insensible thirdly the fluxe of bloud is stayed by it fourthly it holdeth vp the skin and muscles which couer the bone after it is loosed and so maketh it more easie to heale The bandage thus made we cut the fleshe with a rasor or knife that is somewhat crooked like a hooke the flesh being cut to the bone it must be scraped with the backe of the saide knife made purposely for that effect to the ende the periost that couereth the bone be not painefull in cutting the bone otherwise it teareth with the sawe and causeth great dolor and also letteth the cutting This done sawe the bone being cut we loose the ligature and draw downe the skin to couer the bone in all parts If there be great putrifactioÌ„ let it bleede a little for that dischargeth the part so is lesse subiect to inflamation then we put the extremities of the fingers on the orifices of the great veines and arters to stay them from bleeding till we either knit or canterize them one after another as shall be thought expedient Where there is putrifaction we stay the fluxe of bloud by canters actuall where there is no putrifaction nor malignitie of humor we vse the ligature The canter or actuall fire maketh a scale stayeth the bleeding draweth to it consumeth the malignitie virulencie of the humor which is in the part so in that point is better then knitting by reason that in knitting we loose much bloud and by drawing the veines bâ—â—ick decourbing or other instrument they doe breake also being knit doe often vnloose so I find the fire more expedient being done in this maâ—ner We must haue three or foure little instrumentes of iron crooked at the ende the point in forme of a button made red hot which wee take and apply on the veines one after another holding them a certaine space till the scale be made yet not burning much of the veine In amputacion without putrifaction I find the ligature more expedient being done thus first thou shalt holde thy fingers on the veines and in the other let one loose and take hold of it with thy beck de corbing or other meet instrument taking a little flesh with it then put through a needle with a stroÌ„g threed knit with a double knot tying a little of the flesh with the veine which will make it hold the better but if this slip as oft it happeneth yee shall doe in this manner first in putting through the needle begin in the vtter skinâ— an ynch aboue the wound by the side of the veine cause it come out a crosse in the wounde by the side of the veine yet lower down than the orifice thereof then put through your needle in the other side of the veine through the wounde cause it come out of the wound on the skin an inch broade from the place it went in then knit it hard putting a little peece of cloth doubled betwixt the two threads to the end the knot enter not
ounce of salt and sulphure seethe them in smithes water with a little vineger and foment the part with a spounge or cloth For the same purpose you may make cataplasmes of the flowre of beanes and lentilles and branne sodden in vineger putting thereto a little of annise seedes mirtles or iris the emplaister of melilotus also is good Rogerius counselleth to take the iuyce of walwoortes and sorrell and marathum take of euery of them a reasonable quantitie and seethe them with the vnguent de althea honey oyle and butter make a cataplasme thereof If this tumor commeth to ripenesse cure it as other apostumes if it waxe hard and schirrus cure it as yee shall heare in the Chapter of Schirre The tenth Chapter of the waterie and windie tumors which depend of Edema YEe haue heard in our generall Chapter of diuers kinds of tumors phlegmatickes which pertaine to Edema whereof wee will speake hereafter beginning with the windie tumors which are nothing but certaine windes or inflations ingendred by a spirite thicke vaporous not of subtill substance aerious sometimes these winds are inclosed vnder the skin within the membranes which maketh distention sometime dolor according the part where it is They are sometime in the ventricle in the Puddings and in the capacitie betweene the puddings the peritoÌ„ as in Tympanies soundeth like a drum it is somtime dispersed amoÌ„gst the muscles this is properly inflation differing from Edema for in pressing with the fingers the print doth not remaine but the other kind approch neare to the nature of Edema which is the flatuosities dispersed in the muscles of other parts musculous The cause of this tumor is too much vsing of colde flatuous meates which ingender the humor Phlegmatick and causeth these windes also the cause may bee in the ventricle and puddings also in the obstruction and stratghtnesse of the passages and imbecilitie of the naturall heate as sayth Galen The signs are tumor softnes more cleare than Edema by pressing the fingers there remaineth no marke as in Edema by knocking on it it soundeth like a bladder full of winde and so in these points it differeth from Edema The cure shall consist in two poyntes first in diet which shal be hot and drie eate litle and of light digestion let your bread be of good wheate well baked and salted vse things too corroborat the naturall heat discusse the thick cold vapors and attenuat also to corroborat the ventricle with aromaticall thinges and electuaries as Dia calaminto aromatico gariophillato dia galinga rose such like Eate good flesh as mutton and veale rather rosted than sodden let the drinke be Claret or white wine The secoÌ„d consisteth in euacuatioÌ„ of the humor which is in the part by topical remedies which haue vertue to clarifie the skin to the end the vapours may passe out and are called discutientes or carmenâ—atiues as annis-seedes Isope fennell parsly baccaelauri Iuniper paritorie rosemarie camomill and mellilot oyle of Irin and Bayes of these wee may make cataplasmes fomentations lessiues according to our owne Iudgment also limments of Camomill and Rue Lillies and a little Aquauitae or the emplasters called baccae lauri oxycroci de vigo mixed together make an emplaster and lay to the sore Also a new spong wet in lexiue also lanra succida wet in wine and oyle if these windes make dolor as commonly wee see in the chollick passion first appease the dolor then euacuate the matter which shal be done according to the part habitude of the person and discretion of the learned Chirurgian Vse also clisters carmenatiues if the flatuosities bee in the intestines applie three or foure ventouses on the bellie The eleuenth Chapter of the tumors Phlegmaticks called Atheoroma Steotema and Mellericeris THese tumors are called commonly ecressences phlegmaticks by reason they procede of the humor phlegmatick yet they differ from the other tumor by reasoÌ„ they are in a membrane like little bagges they are also of a diuers strange sorts of matter of the which they take their names as Atheorema is also called because in it is coÌ„tayned a matter like gruell called by the Greekes Athera The Steotâ—ma is so called because in it is contayned a humor like Greace called by the Greekes Stear Mellericeris is so called because in it is contayned a matter both in coulor and consistence like honey called by the Greekes Meli and is hardest of them three to heale As for the other tumors as brâ—nco â—eli ganlion testudo and the residue we shal speke hereafter in the particuler tumors these tumors happen most commonly in places membranous where there is scarsitie of flesh as on the ioynts hands diuers partes of the face The cause is pimitiue antecedeÌ„t and coniunct the primitiue or first motiue strokes falles violent forces immoderate eating and drinking The antecedeÌ„t cause is abundaÌ„ce of humors chiefly of the phlegmatick vnnaturall engendred by euill diet the cause coniunct is the diuers kind of substance contaened in the part The signes are that they appeare by little and little without eyther dolor or president inflamation neuertheles by reason of the diuersitie of the substaÌ„ce contayned in them they haue diuers signes the Ateorema is long in figure in pressing on it it goeth in slowly and returneth not suddeÌ„ly it is soft without dolor the coulor of the skin vnnaturall in the which is found sometime with the matter haire sometimes bones and such like The signes of the Steotâ—ma are hardnes and if it goe in in pressing on it it returneth not easily it is large in the which is contayned with the accustomed matter bones cotten and such like of the which I fonde great quantitie in the knee of a Nun whom I cured in Paris of a Steotema The signes of melliceris are great softnes in touching cleare in pressing on it it goeth in easily and returneth easily and is rounde in figure and contayneth besides the matter accustomed a grauelly hard matter In the cure there is a simple intention to wit euacuatioÌ„ of the matter which is in the place and is done either by a launcet or cauter potentiall not euacuating all the matter at one time Here we must consider that those tumors are soÌ„etimes inserted with veines arters nerues and tendons which require great dextetie in the operarion In taking awaye of the bagge wherein the matter is contayned to the end yee offende not the former partes for better it were to leaue the operation by reason that oftentimes there commeth greate flux of blood as I haue seene chieflye on the temples The tumor being opened yee shall vse such medicaments for the cleansing thereof as yee haue heard in other tumors The matter euacuated wee must consume the whole membrane wherein it is inclosed otherwise it will returne we consume it with pouder of
Mercurie egiptiac or such like thereafter incarnate and close the wound as in others Some vse only resolutiues on these tumors but such things are both tedious and vncertaine The twelfth Chapter of tumors ingendred of the Melancholick humor called by the Latins atra bilis or nigra cholera and first of Schirre SEing we haue suffitiently spoken of tumors ingendered of the sanguine chollerick and pituitous humor now it resteth to speake of those which proceede of melancholy called tumor Schirrus by reason the Greeke word Schirr signifieth hardnes Schirre is a tumor hard with litle or no dolor or feeling whereof there are two kindes the one is called the true Schirre exquisite the other is falles The true is as ye haue head the false is altogether without feeling yet hardly may it bee perceiued There is an other sort of Schirre ingendred of a phlegmaÌ„tick thick tough matter and is composed of an humor thick and cold The cause is a cold drie humor either of matter melancholick phlegmatick or both for first when the blood is made in the liuer there is ingendred in it a malancholicke humor which is like the dreggs of wine which afterwards is drawen to the milt for the nouriture thereof specially by the vsage of such meates as are apt to make the same and the milt weake to draw the same then it goeth into the veines and is mingled with the blood which by there vertue expuitrix expell it by the Hemorrhoides or varices sometime disperseth it through the skin and breedeth the Morphew or Leprosie Sometime it is caste on the most weake partes and according to the place and qualities of the humor breedeth eyther Schirre or Cancer If it bee cast on any drie part as ligamentes tendons ioyntes ends of the muscles or in the milt kidneis lyuer or matrix it causeth Schir If it bee cast on the softe partes as partes glandules as the pappes the emunctoires and face and the priuie partes it maketh cancer The cause also maye bee sadnesse suppression of the Hemorrhoides and menstruous purgations also by too much applying of cold medicines on tumors as erisipelas or phlegmon for by that meanes the most subtill doth resolue and the rest doth become hard The signes are these the tumor is hard and groweth slowly of colour liuide when it commeth of melancholie when of phlegme it is white and when of both humors together it is of a mixed colour as liuide and white and insensible because the humor is so thicke and drie which closeth the conduites of the nerues so that the animall spirite is inclosed in such sort that the part hath no feeling Those which haue no feeling are altogether incureable those that haue any feeling if they be taken in the beginning may be helped in some sort but hardly those which come to suppuration degendreth easily into schirre The Cure consisteth in three thinges first in diet tending to heat and humiditie abstayning from anger sadnesse feare and venerian exercise the second point consisteth in euacuating the matter antecedent by purgations bleeding by prouocation of the flowers hemerhoides the third point is to euacuate that which is contayned in the place which is done by things remollientes and resoluentes like as the grease of hennes cockes calues or geese also guÌ„me armoniac stirax galbanum rootes of althea lillies camomill of these we make liniments and cataplasmes also the emplaister of Diachilon magnum et album de vigo with double mercurie Galen commendeth goates dirt to bee an excellent remedie to discusse tumors schirrous Sometimes it happeneth in the tendons and then it is healed by perfumes made thus Take the stone called pyrâ—â—es or any other stone that is red hotte and quench it in strong vineger and then receiue the smoake on the sore part then apply remollientes sometime after the perfume the guÌ„me ammoniac dissolued in vineger is good and must be vsed with great discretion If none of these serue and it tende to suppuration we must not vse too hotte remedies to stirre it by reasoÌ„ it degendreth easily into Cancer for the which haue recourse to the next Chapter In some partes it may bee cut so yee cut all and leaue nothing adherent to the whole partes nor no roote of it For the great fluxe of bloud which happhneth either knit the veines or staunch it with canters actuall the which is dangerous when it occupieth the internall partes for the which Hippocrates forbiddes to seeke the exquisite cure of the occult Cancers The thirteenth Chapter of Cancer which the Greekes call Carsimonia VVE must vnderstand that Cancer is comprehended vnder the tumor Schirrous yet there is great difference for in Cancer there is great dolor punction and pulsation which is not in schirre it groweth sooner and hath great veines about it Cancer in Latine is the sore of a beast Guido saith it is called Cancer either by reason it sticketh to the parte like the fish Cancer or because it is round and hath veines about it like the feete of a Crabbe and is also like vnto it being liuide of colour as also because it gnaweth eateth and goeth like this fish It is a tumor inequall hauing the sides hard eminent turned and dolorous There are two kindes of it vlcered and not vlcered the vlcered is immobill hot by accident hauing many veines about it like the feete of Cancer the not vlcered is called Cancer occult The cause of it is a melancholicke humor drie not onely in the part as schirre but also in the veines about it the which by continuation of time maketh it more sharpe and maligne whereof commeth Cancer vlcered also euill diet vsing of thinges that breed thicke corrupted bloud with other such causes as ye haue heard in the precedent Chapter the debilitie of the milte and weakenes of the part These tumors for the most part are ingendred in womens pappes chiefly in those who haue great very fleshie pappes by reason they are glandulous and colde of themselues they breede also in the conduites of women lippes nose eyes eares roofe of the mouth legges handes and fundament by reason those partes are weake haue little naturall heate The signes are dolor tumor and they seeme soft but in touching are hard the vlcers inequal sordides the sides swelled horrible to looke on pale coloured euill sauoured by reason of the humor which is most sordide and stinking As for the iudgement those in the stomacke head shoulders necke and vnder the armes are all incureable because these places can not be cut for the great fluxe of bloud which may happen in them Some are little vlcered some much some recent others inueterate some in one parte and some in another some more maligne then others and for the most part are incureable It hath diuers denominations according
to the partes as if it come in the face it is called noli me tangere if in the thighes or legges it is called lupus if in any other part it is called cancer The cure of this shal bee in the beginning to stay the melancholidke humor froÌ„ setling in the place and growing which must be done by fitte remedies to purge the melancholicke humor and by bleeding if the age and time permit then abstayne from all meates that ingender this humor and heate the bloud such as olde haires salt flesh harts goats spices mustard pottage cheese fishe and such like walke not much abstaine from great trauell sadnesse and anger vse meates that breede good bloud as mutton veale kiddes capons all sortes of fowles sauing water fowles drinke whay corroborate the liuer and milte As for locall remedies first if it waxe great and in fitte places some counsell to cut it in such sort that there remaine no roote but my opinion is not to doe such thinges but rather followe the counsell of Paul which is to take the iuice of morrell plantaine lettice and sorrell centorie shepheardes purse wette a cloth in these iuices and lay on it Also I haue often vsed the vrine of a young maid in the same fashion and oyle of roses veriâ—ce litage cerusse burnt leade diapalma of these ye may make fit remedies to keepe it in one estate correct gently the acrimonie of the humor If these things let not the augmentation of it we must goe to the cure of cankred vlcers in the treatise of vlcers and thus we ende the Treatise of tumors in generall THE FIFT TREATISE of Tumors in particular HAuing discoursed in the former Treatise of the causes signes and cure of Tumors most generall nowe in like maÌ„ner we shal intreat of the Particular which happen in the most partes of our bodie beginning at the head which is the seat of reason memorie vnderstanding is subiect to many sorts of tumors whereof we will shew at length in this Treatise but specially of those which oftnest do happen beginning first with Hydrocephalie Physocephalie which occupieth the whole head thereafter with those Tumors which occupie certaine partes thereof as the eyes eares mouth nose and cheekes and so descend to other partes of the bodie in like maÌ„ner to the feet extremities of the hands as ye shall heare which contayneth thirtie eight Chapters Chapter 1 Of Hydrocephalie and Physocephalie Chapter 2 Of the Tumor called Nodus or Ganglion Chapter 3 Of the Tumor in the eye called Lippitudo Chapter 4 Of the tumor in the eares Chapter 5 Of the Tumor called Parotidis Chapter 6 Of Tumors in the nose called Ozena Sacâ—oma Polypus Chapter 7 Of the Tumor in the mouth called Vula or Columella Chapter 8 Of the Tumors in the amigdalles called Tonsillae Chapter 9 Of the Tumor called Angina or Strangulatio Chapter 10 Of the Tumors in the teeth called Epulides Chapter 11 Of the Tumor vnder the toungue called Batrachos Chapter 12 Of the tumors in the necke called Struma Chapter 13 Of the Tumor in the throat called Bruncoseli Chapter 14 Of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma Chapter 15 Of the tumor in the Pappes Chapter 16 Of Pluresie Chapter 17 Of the tumor in thae Nauell called axunfalon Chapter 18 Of the tumor in the bellie called Hydropsie Chapter 19 Of the tumor in the fuÌ„dameÌ„t called coÌ„diloma Chapter 20 Of the swelling of the veines in fundameÌ„t called Hemorrhoides Chapter 21 Of the tumor in the intestinie called Exitus Longanonis Chapter 22 Of the tumor in the Coddes Chapter 23 Of Hernes in generall Chapter 24 Of the tumor inguinall called bubonoâ—â—elâ— Chapter 25 Of the herne called â—nterocele Chapter 36 Of the herne called Epipocele or Zeirbale Chapter 27 Of the herne called Hydrocele Chapter 28 Of the herne called Ventosa Chapter 29 Of the herne called Sarcoceli Chapter 30 Of the herne varicus called Cirsocele Chapter 31 Of the herne Humerall Chapter 32 Of the tumor in the Flancke called bubonecele Chapter 33 Of the tumor in the knees Chapter 34 Of the tumor in the legges called varicus Chapter 35 Of the tumor in the legges called draâ—â—culus Chapter 36 Of the tumor tn the legges or handes called Elephansiasis particularis Chapter 37 Of the tumor in the fingers called panaris or parenâ—chia Chapter 38 Of the tumor or hardues in the toes called Cornes The first Chapter of Hydrocephalie and physocephalie HYdrocephalie is a waterie humor which occupyeth the whole head and Physocephalie is a windie humor which doth the like these tumors are contained eythet betweene the pericrane and skin or betwixt the muscles or betwixt the pericran and crane or betwixt the crane meÌ„branes which couer the braines called dura mater pia mater but the tumor in this case is not great The cause is eyther internall or externall the internall commeth from the matrix and of the Mothers milke which is too waterie and such like foode as breede waterie humors The externall cause commeth of cold presently after the birth it hapeneth also through vnskilfulnes of Midwife as I haue sometimes seene which draweth presseth the childs head so much at the deliuerie that the veines and arters breake not being as yet strong so the blood sheddeth through the rest of the head and degendreth into water The signes are great tumor with deformitie of the head the eies face swelled as doth appeare in the Hydropicks The iudgementes are these such as are within the crane are incurable those that are betwixt the crane and pericrane or betwixt the pericrane and muscles may be cured As for the curation of the curable they are healed partly by diet and by vsing of things drying and abstayning from things humide also by externall remedies applied to the part that drie with some astriction and comfort the head which shal be done by liniments fomentations vnguentes made of calamint origan betonie camomill meâ—â—ot anthos red roses also ye may make lessiues of the vine ashes also shaue the head and applie this emplaster following Rec olibani vnc 1. sarcacollâ— drag 1. gummi arabici seminis raphani anethian 1. vnc di ole de spica parum cerae quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum If the humor be in great abundance or that the crane or membraines are offended we must vse incision and perforation of the crane theÌ„ eaucâ—ate the humor heale the wouÌ„d as in others There is yet a kinde of this called Macrocephalie which is a supernaturall greatnes of the Pan and flesh not properly tumor and receiueth no curatioÌ„ but is siâ—ldome seene one of this sort I saw in Paris of the quaÌ„tity of a pot of 3. quarts The second Chapter of the tumors called Nodus or Ganglion which commeth in the head THese tumors are sometime hard otherwhiles soft alwayes round which chanceth for the
the nerue which is deepe and hollowe If the dolor bee vehement with heate vse oyle of roses mirtles and cidoniorum with a little vineger mixe all together and drop a little in the eare cattes water distilled is good as saith Quersitanus If it tend to suppuration handle it as other apostumes The fifth Chapter of the Tumor that commeth behinde the eares called Parotides NAture hath placed by the rootes of the eares certaine little glands to the ende they may receiue the vennemous matter deposed by the braines Parotides is an inâ—â—amation or apostume of the glands behind the eares The cause is the humor which easily descendeth from the head partly because nature hath ordeined them for receptacles as ye haue heard and by reason they are soft colde and the passages large that bring the humor Sometime the cause commeth of the whole bodie like as in crise of feuer it may come of any one of the foure humors or all mixed together which may easily be knowne by the accidents The signes are tumor dolor vehement feuer pulsation with such other as yee haue heard in tumors The Iudgementes are that those by crisis without signe of maturation are euill and if it goe to the internall partes it is for the most part mortall as saith Auicen The Cure generall is to vse clisters bleeding in the veine Cephalicke vsing good dyet eating thinges of light digestion not vaporous abstayning from strong drinke the particular remedies differ not from the cure of other apostumes except that we vse no repercussiues but onely maturatiues attractiues and anodiues and some digerents in the beginning like as oyle of lillies Iris camomill bitter almondes with sheepes wooll or a cataplasme of digerent hearbes It is best not to abide the perfect suppuration but so soone as may be to cause it open for by that meanes the venemous vapor doth dissippe the dolor ceaseth and nature doth more easily discharge It may bee opened by canter or lancet but beware of the nerue veine and arters for the great accidentes that happen Being openeed it must be cured by suppuratiues mundificatiues incarnatiues and desiccatiues as ye haue heard in others The sixt Chapter of the Tumors in the nose called Sarcoma Ozena and Polypus THe nose is a part of the bodie by the which the braines doth discharge the excrements in the which do chauÌ„ce three kindes of maladies yet not much different the first is called Sarcoma which is an excrescence of fleshe against nature the second is called Ozena which is most dangerous ill sauoured the third is called Polypus which differeth not froÌ„ Sarcoma sauing that it is not so great Polypus is a tumor which proceedeth of the bone ethomides and sticketh fast to it The cause is rotten humor thicke and viscous which commeth from the head The signes are manifest to the sight and by the narration of the sicke The Iudgementes are these that which is hard and blacke must not be touched that which is soft may bee healed if the excrescence be white and soft without dolor it is easie to heale if it be redde and browne with dolor it is very difficill if it occupie both sides of the nose either the sicke sleepeth with open mouth or else he suffoketh The cure is most diffâ—cill as I haue oft seene and better it were to vse remedies palliatiues then to aduenture any perfect cure yet the cure in so much as may be is by vniuersall remedies as purging and bleeding and in good dyet Fuchâ—ns counselleth to rubbe the head with such things as haue vertue to corroborate drie the braines The particular remedies shall be according to the Tumor which is sometime hard otherwhiles soft the soft must be taken away with instrument or canter or some causticke pouder as pouder vitrioll mercurie arsenit allom spuma aeris atramentum sutorium ye may mixe any of these pouders with some vngueÌ„t anodine or honey vse deâ—ensiues for the inflamation vnguent pompholigs with a little balaust is good Also this water Rec. bolaustiorum corticis malorum granatorum an lib. 1. gelangae caudae equinae linguae passerinae et herâ—iariae an manip di radic bis tortae 4. vnc sumitatuÌ„ piri siluest manip di contundantur simul distilleutur fiaâ—â—aqua de qua frequenter abluat nares adde to it a little Allum If eyther this or the other which is harde degender into an vlcer cancrous touch it not but vse such remedies as ye shal heare in the vlcer Cancrons The seauenth Chapter of the tumor in the mouth called Vunla or Columella THe mouth as sayth Gordon is the instrument of voice in beastes and speaking in men in the which happen diuers grieuous and dangerous passions but we wil intreat of those which are moste daungerous beginning with Vunla which is called in our tongue the pap of the mouth Nature being prouident that nothing should offend hath placed in the roufe of the mouth this little peece of fleshe for diuers reasons first that we may pronounce and sâ—eake clearer for which cause it is called plectrum vocis also that the aire enter not in the trachearter till the force and impetuositie of the cold be corrected for we see in those who waÌ„t it haue both deformity of speach refrigiratioÌ„ on the lightes Vunla is an inflamation or aposthume either in forme long and is called Columella that is like a piller or like vnto the vine berrie called Vua The cause is eyther interne or externe the interne are hot humors which come from the head and cause an inflamation also asceÌ„ding from the stomacke as happeneth in rotten feuers in like manner of abundance of blood The cause externe is cold Cough excessiue eating and drinking at vnacostomed howers chiefly at night The signes are manifest to the sight chiefly in pressing downe the tongue accompanyed with dolor and feuer paine to swallow any thing the sick thinketh that he hath alwayes something in his mouth The iudgmentes are that sometime it falleth so much that it filleth vp the whole throate so the sick suffofoketh in case it be not quickely cutte if it be cutte altogether the patient waxeth dumbe or at least speaketh so as he may not be vnderstoode and his drinke doth auoyde by the nose which accidents I did see in a Chanon of S. Honorie in Paris who was my patient The Cure consisteth first in the forme of dyet tending to colde and drie vsing meates of light digestion drinking no strong not fumie drinke often vsing of clisters and bleeding in both the armes if ye perceiue plenitude ventouses on the shoulders and opening the head with scaâ—rifications frictions on the necke opening of the veines vnder the toungue The particular remedies shall onely be plantaine rose or common water with a little vineger
mans guide which is most excellent and easie to be had The tenth Chpter of the tumor which commeth at the roote of the teeth called Epulides EPulides is a tumor or excrescence of flesh which commeth at the rootes of the teeth or betweene them in great quantitie chiefly about the teeth called molâ—res it augmenteth by little and little The cause is a sharpe biting humor which commeth from the head stomacke as chaunceth in putride feuers by the euill vapors which ascendeth and corrodeth the gummes it happeneth also after vlcers in the mouth chiefly to those who haue beene ill cured of the Neopolitane sickenesse The Signes are manifest to the sight touch as saith Auicen The Iudgmentes are that sometime it is as great as an egge sometime it groweth to both the iawes in such sorte that the mouth cannot open The topical remedies consist in vsage of thinges discutient as decoction seminis lini such like sometime it suppureth and then cure it as in others ye haue heard Sometime it neither suppureth nor discusseth and then yee shall proceede as I did in Paris to a Gentlemans boy who had his mouth so growen together on both sides that nothing almost could enter therein and it was in this wise First I made incision and cutte the most part of the excrescence so consumed the rest with causticke powders and produced the cicatrice and he healed To others I haue knitte the excrescence with a threede the which I finde more sure and not to be feared neither for fluxe of bloud nor inflammation that which remained after the threede was fallen I consumed it with pouder of mercurie allom vitrioll aqua fortis and such like Sometime this Tumor is hard and schirrous for the which ye must vse palliatiues as in the Chapter of Schirre As for the maladies of the teeth the way to correct and helpe their deformitie to drawe the corrupted and put artificiall in their place ye shall heare at length in the Treatise of the poore mans guide The eleuenth Chapter of the Tumor which happeneth vnder the tongue called Batrachos or Rannuculus RAnnuculus is a tumor of the veines vnder the tongue and is sometime of such greatnesse that yee would thinke it another tongue this happeneth ofâ— to children and old folk so that the voice is intercepted The cause is a slyme pituitous humor which discâ—â—deth from the head and when the tumor is excrescence of flesh the cause is as of other excrescâ—nces It is coÌ„monly wrapped in a chest or little membraine like as Atâ—â—â—â—ma The sigâ—es are euident and it is in coulor like a frogge called Râ—na wherof it taketh the name with gret tumor in the veins of the tongue which suffoketh the sick In opening of it the sick somtime becommeth madde as I did once see Iaques Guilmio Chirurgian reporteth to haue seene it foure times As for the cure that which happeneth in childreÌ„ is healed with gargarismes resoluentis and iucisiues in old folke the veines vnder the tongue must be opened If the ranuill be great it must bee cut drawen away the superfluitie which remaineth shal be dried with sall ammoniac flos aeris such like Sometime we cut it with a bistorie and apply caâ—â—erâ— actuals As for the litle pustulles which come in the mouth that the Latins cal Aphthae as also diuers others yee shall heare at length in my Treatise of the deliuerie of women where I intreate of those diseases which commonly happen to yong children The twelth Chapter of the tumor in the neck called by the Latins Stuma or Scrofulae STruma is an inflamation of bloud and pituite in the soft and glandulous partes as vnder the chyn and oxters on the papps and bâ—tweene the thigh and the body and may happen in any part of the body The matter that is ingendred of is a rotten thick matter congealed blood like glandes The cause are falles strokes or humor pituitous mixed with melancholie also drinking of euil waters where through many were infected at the siege of Paris also the retentio of the excremeÌ„ts of the braines which should auoide by the muoth nose eares eies This disease happeneth oftenest to yong children both for the raritiâ— of the skin and gulosite for the which some cal them Scrofulae by the simtlitude of a greedie beast called Scrofa The signes are apparent to the sight in the parts where they are sometime few in number sometime many and are couered membranes like Atâ—â—â—oma Steotoma The Iudgements are that those which are superficiall mobill and not many in number may resolue vnmoueable hard maling doe not resolue or hardly receiueth any curation those that are great and neare the tracharter are difficill in opening by reason of the nerues recurrent which being cut the sick waxeth dum they are also difficill when they are accoÌ„panied with veines for feare of flux of blood The cure coÌ„sisteth in remedies vniuersals pâ—rticuler as in good regiment eate litle and of light digestion abstaine froÌ„ such things as ingender grosse humors purge oft blede in both thy armes haâ—nt no humide places the drink shal be composed after this forme take Scrofularia 3. parts Scolupendula 2. parts Pilosella and Brassica of ech a litle the toots of Reddish and Aristolochia a little seeth them al in white wine with a little honey till the halfe be consumed of this ye shall vse 3. ounces in the morning euery 2. daies once I haue vsed to diuers with good seccesse a decoction laxatiue the space of 15. or 20. dais also my confectioÌ„ set down in the poore mans guide The pâ—rticuler remedies are to rubbe the part with a little salt butter fryed in a pan with a litle vineger till it grow black some vse the emplaster de vigo with mercurie also the cataplasme set downe in the Chapter of Paristhimia If it tend to suppuration vse this take the leaues and roots of mallowes lillies of ech 2. ounces leaues of camomill one haÌ„dful make a decoctioÌ„ to the which adde the flower of beanes lyn-seed and â—enigreck an 3. ounces swines greace that is flesh a pond make cataplasme putting to it a litle oyle of â—rin and lillies this â—ath the verru both to digest â—ype WheÌ„ it is opened cure it as ye haue heard in others Sometimes children hauing scabs in the head the brains humide by wrong lying taking cold in the night haue the glandes tumified for remedy wherof apply oile of camomill anissedes swete almoÌ„ds with a litle hennes greace butter If the tumor be hot add to it oile of roses violetts it is good also to rubbe it with fasting spittle till it growe hotte I haue heard of sundrie that haue beene cured perfectly by George Boswell a very learned Chirurgion of S. Iohns towne in
substance The cause is not different from other aposthumes as also the signes The iudgmentes are such as are long in healing the part being cold and membranous somtimes suppureth otherwhiles resolueth if it continue long it corrupteth the testicle The cure the sick shal be purged with clisters bled rest and weare a trusse to holde vp the stones and dressed according to the nature of the humor and accidents after the methode set downe in the generall Chapter of Aposthumes The two and thirtith Chapter of the tumor in the Flanck called Bubo THis word Bubo is taken in place for the part betwixte the thigh the bodie called in latin Ingnen in which there are many glandes which often doe swell tumifie The cause is defluxioÌ„ of humors violent exercise crisis of maladies dolor or vlcer in the legge or foote or some other part neare to it The signes are euident The iudgmentes when it happeneth by crisis of maladie it is difficill if no feâ—er haue proceeded nor vapor venemous it is easie sometime it doth resolue otherwhiles suppoâ—eth There are other glaÌ„des lower where ordinarily the plague ingendereth The cure differeth not froÌ„ other aposthumes which come in partes glandulous where of I haue spoken amply in the Chapter of Scrofulae The three and thirieth Chapter of the tumor in the knees THis tumor commeth by fluxion or congestion of humors in the ioyntes and chiefly in the knees the cause is strokes falles plenitude of humors crisis of maladye heate colde long trauell laxations riding and frictions The signes are manifest the iudgmentes are that those which happen after a long maladie are difficill and dangerous as sayth Hyppocratâ—s are long in healing painfull to the sick dolorous the humor being either extreame hot or colde which maketh inflamation in those partes sometime matter virulent vnder the lidde which causeth the bone goe out of his place and sometime turneth ouer as I saw once in Paris The cure consisteth in vniuersall and pâ—rticuler remedies vniuersal shal be according to the qualitie of the humor as yee haue hearde in the generall Chapter the Topicall remedies shal be repercussiues discutientes drying according to the nature of the part which shal bee distinguished according to the degrees of the aposthumes as ye haue heard in Phlegmon If it tende to suppuration be warie in opening of it our auntients forbid to open deepe vnder the lidde because parts are sensible and dolorous of the which happeneth euill accidents Vse medicamentes corroboratiues and anodines euacuate the matter and cicatrice the wound as others sometime the tumor is ingencred of winde which deceiueth the Chirurgian and if it happen cure it as ye heard in windie and waterie tumor The foure and thirtieth Chapter of the tumor in the veines of the legs called Varicae VArix is dilatatioÌ„ of the veine greater thaÌ„ natural which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodie as teÌ„ples bellie vnder the nauell on the testicles matrix but chieflye in the legges which is sometime one veine sometime diuers together full of thick burnt melancholick blood letting action of the place The cause is abundaÌ„ce of the melaÌ„cholick humor retentioÌ„ of the moueth course in womeÌ„ Hemorhoides in both sexes which dilateth the veines sometime breaketh as oft happeneth to women in their trauell for the which I haue treated at leÌ„hth in the treatise of womeÌ„s birth likewise vehemeÌ„t exercise as leaping wresling carying of great burtheÌ„s strokes falls tormeÌ„ts such like The signes may be seene by the greatnes of the veins which coÌ„monly are blacker than the naturall The iudgemeÌ„ts those that are interne are incureable and not to bee touched because it letteth the â—fluxion so returneth to the noble parts causeth great accidents intertaineth old vlcers letteth the cure therof The cure is diuersly set down by diuers authors some counsell to incise them in diuers places according to the circumâ—olution and let the blood then to close vp and binde the wounde as in other bloâ—dinges resting that daye and if they swell agayne doe the place with a little inke the skin aboue the veine therafter take vp the skin with thy handes and incise in the middst therof then let it goe that the veine may be seene passe two needles as in the varicus herne let it bleede a quantitie knit it let the thre ad fall of it selfe without drawing it by force and cure the wound as others The fiue and thirtieth Chapter of the little Tumors in the leggs called Dracunculus THis is a tumor or extraordinarie dolor bredde in the legges or armes called Draguneus yet diuers authors haue giuen it diuers names as Auicen calleth it Meden by the name of a towne where it is frequent Albucrasis calleth it Venaciuilis Halyabbas vena famosa There is also touching the cause cure great difference it chaunceth most coÌ„monly in the midst of Arabia as writeth Paulus and is not oft seene amongst vs yet some-what I will say of it for the better instructioÌ„ of the yong Chirurgian Paulus and Auicen are of opinion that in the place affected the humor is like vnto little wormes somtime great otherwhiles small chiefly in the partes musculous as in the arters thighes and legges and sometime in childrens sides vnder the skin with manifest motion Some take it bee a sharp and mordicant humor betweene the flesh and skin which in time waxeth hard like an nerue or tendon It is iugendred of a hot melancholick blood burnt phlegme sent through the veines to the exterior parrs by the vertue expultrix The signes are vehement dolor feuer harde and rounde like nerues seeming to moue in the touching as it had life the tumor is long and stretched from one ioynt to an other as from the kneâ— to the foote The cure whether it bee humor or animall vegetatiue is to foment the place with milke and camomill or medicines to appease the dolor then to giue aire eyther by canter or vissicator if it be not dolorous and tend to suppuration cure it â—s yee haue heard in Erisipelas changing alwayes your remedies according to the times of the Tumor and Humor which raigneth The thirtte sixe Chapter of the Tumor in the legges or armes called by the Greekes â—lephantiasiis particularis THIS if it be vniuersally through all the bodie it is called Leprosie if it be particular it occupieth onely one meÌ„ber which spoyleth the forme figure and disposition thereof and maketh it rough like the skinne of an Elephant for which reason it is called Elephantiasis If it occupie the skinne and not the flesh it is called Morphaea The Cause commeth from the mothers wombe and is called Maladie hereditarie or after wee are borne if from the wombe either the childe hath bene
Land The eleuenth Chapter of woundes in the Thorax THe Thorax which is domicill to the heart and lights suffereth solution of continuitie in diuers manners whereof some are externe and doe not penetrate others penetrate to some of the partes contayned therein as the heart lightes mediastin and diaphragma some passe throughout of the which some are cureable some incureable and some mortall as yee haue heard in the Chapter Generall as also the Causes and Signes Those which penetrate at the backe are more dangerous then at the interior part because of the veines arters nerues and such like The Cure consisteth in good dyet in the sixe vnnaturall thinges purgation letting of bloud according to the temperature of the body time and Region Those which doe not penetrate differ nothing from the generall of other simple woundes sauing onely in binding which must be incarnatiue sometime narrowe otherwhiles broad according to the difference and scituation of the wounde Touching those which penetrate there is great diuersitie of opinion in the cure some are of the opinion to consolide the wound as soone as may bee to hinder the externe ayre to hurt the partes vitall others giue counsell to holde them open and in case the issue be not large enough to dilate it and make it larger that if there bee any bloud or other thing in the capacitie it may auoyde but which of these wayes ought to bee followed the iudgement of the expert Chirurgian is to bee required knowing first if it doth penetrate which shall bee done in closing his mouth and nose and then holding a candle to the wound if the ayre coÌ„meth forth it is sure that it penetrates if there be bloud in the capacitie you shall know by the ponderositie of the diaphragma accompanied with dolor feuer and vomiting if any chiefe part be offended ye shall know by the signes set downe in the Chapter Generall If neither bloud bee shedde nor any parte offended yee shall conglutinate the wound putting no tent therein vsing onely a little of my balme set downe in the Chapter of Gunshot in the meane time vse one potion vulnerar which doth penetrate If there be any little thing left in the wound nature will easily discharge it for as saith Galen it doth expell not onely that which offendeth through the pannicles but also through the middest of the bones Those which penetrate with effusion of bloud on the diaphragma are not mortall must be tented with a threed at the tent to the ende that if it goe in it may bee drawne out agayne cause the sicke lie on the sore side chiefly when you dresâ—e him that the bloud and mattir may issue at the wound vsing alwaies iniections of barley pimpernell pilosell buglosse scrofularie cheruill all sodden in water putting thereto a little honney or syrrâ—pe of roses with a little white wine for a certaine time Sometime the bloud cannot euacuate by the wound it being higher then the diaphragme which causeth difficultie of respiring for the which make an issue as ye haue heard in Empiema to euacuate the humor contayned if the putâ—efaction be great mixe with the foresaid iniection a little egiptiac the wound being mundified with this or such like thou shalt vse this iniectâ—oÌ„ which is somewhat desiccatiue Rec. rosâ—rum balaustiorum myrtilorum an onc 1. mirabolani citrini an onc 2. mellis rosati parum coquantur in aqua plantaginis ad consumptionem tertiae partis with this thou shalt washe the wounde twise a day If the body be of an euill temperature or that the nether part of the lightes be hurt it stayeth not quickely but will voyde much then we must vse a tent of lead or siluer that is hollow within that the matter may enacuate we vse also this decoction to drinke in the morning fasting foure howers after Take scabions buglâ—sse borage pimpernell aristoâ—â—lochia agrimonie betonie pilosell an M. se vnarum mundatarum seminis hipericonis et cardui benedicti an onc 1. florum trium cordialium an P. 1. coquantur in aqua adde in sine vâ—ni albi parum sirupi rosati et cinamomi an onâ— 2. vsing on the wound the emplaster Diacalciteos malaxed in wine If notwithstanding these remedies it remaineth long in healing it doth degenâ—er infistull for the curation of the which haue recourse to the Treatise of vlceâ—s Chapter of Fistula The twelfth Chapter of wnundes in the Bellie THe inferior venter wherein the Lyuer with the Kydneis milt are inclosed is often wounded in diuers manners some penetrates and some not offending the parts contayned as the stomack liuerr milt kidneis guttâ— veines arters the epiplon and vâ—iâ—ers or some other part the causes signes and Iudgments whereof ye haue heard in the generall Chapter The Cure is those that do not penetrate are cured like other simple woundes those which penetrate into the capacitie require an other manner of cure Woundes in the side in the oblique muscles are not so dangerous as those in the transuersall because that the peritone is vneasie to sow specially in musculo recto which descendeth from the brest to os pubis Also little woundes in those places are more difficill than those that are more ample in them if the gutts come not they tumifie and so are vneasie to put in againe for the which vse such remedies as ye haue heard in Axâ—mphalon vsing the future Gastoraphick if the gutts be pearced they must be sowed with future pellitor and cast on the wound the pouder of aloes mirre mastick and boll and reduce it softly in the owne place vsing an emplaster retentiue and agglutinatiue If the lâ—iâ—â—ium be cut it is impossible or most dificill to heale by reason of the great veines coÌ„tained therin if any of the guts hath changed coulor there is no hope If the caule of the venter be altered it must be knit and reduced as ye haue heard in the generall Chapter In all woundes in the bellie vse Clisters and innections astringents detersiues chiefly if the great intestine matrix or bladder be hurt And so we end this Treatise of woundes and shall follow out that of vlcers after the same manner THE SEAVENTH TREATISE of vlcers which contayneth Ten Chapters By Peter Low Arellien Chapter 1 Of vlcers in generell Chapter 2 Of vlcers sâ—nious and their curation Chapter 3 Of the vlcer Virulent Chapter 4 Of the vlcer profound and Cauernous Chapter 5 Of the vlce Sordide and Putride Chapter 6 Of vlcers difficill to Cure Chapter 7 Of vlcers with corruption of the Bones Chapter 8 Of vlcers Cancrous Chapter 9 Of Fistula Chapter 10 Of Burninges The first Chapter of vlcers in generall CO Seeing wee haue amply spoken of tumors and wounds of their definitâ—n cause signes and cure so in like manner we will proceede in vlcers seeing many tumors and woundes doe suppure and degender in vlcers so it is needefull after the Treatise hereof to speake of vlcers
and first I demaund what is an ulcer LO It is a solution of contimâ—tâ— made by erosion in diuers parts of the bodie out of the which procedeth a maâ—ter purulenâ— which hindereth the consolidation thereof CO. Are they not different LO Some differ in nature in substance in quantitie figure and accidents CO. How differ they in nature substance LO Some are simple in the flesh without any other indisposition as saith Galen or are composed with one or moâ— maladies as vlcers with intemperie corruption of the bone aposteme nodositie and diuers other accidents CO. How differ they in figure and quantitie LO Some are round long profound superficiall great and small CO. How differ they by accidents LO Some are putride dolorous fistulous cancrous some are inueterate some recent some in on member some in other places CO. How many causes are there of vlcers LO Three primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primiâ—â—tiues LO Contusion scratching heates applycation of sharp medicaments corrosion great cold that extinguisheth the the naturall heate chiefly in the extremities CO. Which are the causes antecedent LO Euill humors in the bodie which come of euill nouriture or euill disposition of the bodie or some part thereof chiefly the lyâ—er and milt CO. Howe are these humors causes of vlcers LO Partly by their euill qualitie partly through abundance thereof do spoyle open coâ—ode the most debill parts of our body not hauing force to resist such malignitie and so causeth vlcers CO Which are the coniunct causes LO The foresayd humors conioyned in the partes vlcered as also all other violent thinges that haue force to vlcerate the same part CO Which are the signes Lo. They are euident or are in the body are knowne by the dolor nature or the place accidents excrements such as you shall heare in the sixe kinds of proper vlcers CO. Which are those sixe kondes of vlcers LO The first is sanious 2. virulent 3. filthie 4. cancrous 5. putride or stinking 6. corrosiue or rotten awaye CO. Haue they no other names LO They haue fiue other names and first by the humors secoÌ„dly of the matter that coÌ„meth froÌ„ them thirdly of the accidentes fourthly of the sicknes fiftly by comparing them to the similitude of beastes CO. How take they their names by the humors LO Some are of the Phlegmatick humor and are called Phlegmaticks some by the blood and are called sanguinis by the choller chollerick and by melancholy melancholick CO. Howe take they the nemes of the matter LO Of the great abundance of sany or humidity it is called vlcer sanious of the pus purâ—lent of the sordidities it is called â—ordide of the virulence it is called viruleÌ„t CO. How take they their names of the acdents LO Of the hardnes called callositie it is hard and callous of the cauâ—â—ns of it it is called cauernous of the fistule it is called fistulate of the putrifaction putride of the corosion or malignitie of the matter corosiue of the cankers or hardnes turned ouer it called cancrous of the dolor dolorous of aposteme apostemus In all vlcers where any of these raigne they heale not till they be takeÌ„ away CO. What is callositie LO It is a drie flesh without dolor because it hath no veine to make it humide nor nerue to giue it feeling CO Howe is that called which commonly commeth from vlcers LO It is called sanie or matter CO. What is sanie LO It is a corruption of the part which nature cannot digest and make it to nourish the same CO. How many sortes of sanie is there LO Two to wit that which is commendable as it ought to be and that which is not CO. Which is commendable LO It is that which is white light equall in consisteÌ„ce neither thick thin nor euill tasted CO. Which is not commendable or euill sanie LO It is a corruptioÌ„ of the inâ—â—ument much altered through vnnaturall heate according to that alteration it produceth euill sanie CO. What call you pus LO It is a kinde of sanie made of the nouriture and superfluitie of the meÌ„ber tending to corruptioÌ„ by the alteratioÌ„ of the naturall heate debilitie of the member out of the which coÌ„meth a matter called virus sordities CO. Whot is virus Lo. It is that which is ingeÌ„dred of the most subtill and hotte parte of the pituitous humor which nature cannot digest for the great abundance thereof CO. What is it thou callest sordities LO It is a grosse matter ingendred of grosse humors CO. What callest thou durities or hardnesse LO It is a thing hard and solide not easie to bee corrupted which may come of three causes that is great heate congelation repletion CO. What callest thou fistula LO It is a profound vlcer hauing the entrie hard narrow deepe cauernous from the which proceedeth a matter virulent CO. What is putrefaction LO It is a chaunge of the substaunce of our whole body or of some parte thereof through an vnnaturall heate CO. What is the cause of putrefaction in our bodies LO It commeth either that the spirite animall is corrupted or cannot goe to the parte for colde heate apostume pustulles vlcers ambulatiues venenous also putting of oyles and such like in deepe vlcers doth corrupt the fleshe also too much vsing of refrigeratiues in hotte apostumes and ligators which intercept the spirite CO. How many sortes of putrefactions are there LO Three ro wit Gangren Estachiles and Histiomen CO. What is Gangren LO It is a putrefaction of the parte hauing yet feeling and differeth in that from others CO. What is Estâ—â—acheâ— LO It is a putrefaction of the member or parte thereof without feeling corrupting both flesh and boane CO. What is Hâ—stiomen LO It is a whole corruption of the member eating consuming the whole bodie away CO. What is Corrosion LO It is a consumption of the fleshe through the bitternesse and sharpenesse of the humor CO. What are the causes of Corrosion LO The malignitie of the fleshe the humor cholericke phlegmaticke salt admixed CO. What callest thou Cancer LO It is a maladie of a matter colde and drie being hotte by putrefaction hardnesse and other signes as ye shall heare in his proper Chapter CO. What are the Iudgementes LO There are diuers according to the accidentes that fall and first that vlcers remaining a yeere or more vncured make the boane vnder them altered rotten wheÌ„ such vlcers are whole there remaineth a cauitie in the part vlcered all vlcers that are euil colored blacke are esteemed malignes if any vlcer being filled vp ready to cicatrice begin sodainely to runne againe without manifest cause it is in danger to become fistulous Hippocrates saith that vlcers which haue no haire about them are vneasie to heale and cicatrice also those vlcers which come by reason of some maladie as hydropsie cachexie are hard to heale Hippocrates saith also if any
thinges as are set downe for the consolidation of woundes The third Chapter of vlcer virulent and Corrosiue HEre yee shall heare of those two vlcers which are not much different those vlcers which haue certaine virulencie and venenositie are virulent but after the bitternes augment and corrodeth the flesh and maketh 〈◊〉 greate it is called corrosiue or eating vlcer if eate much of the flesh nor going deepe it is called ambulatiue if yet it doth augment it becommeth in cancer or lupus as yee shall heare The Cause of these vlcers are euill bilioâ—s humors sharpe and byting the which get some malignitie venenositie by their adustion and happen oft after Herpes or woundes that haue been irritated by sharâ— and byting medicameÌ„ts The Câ—re is first in the manner of life according to the disposition of the bodie and humors that raigne nexte in purging partly for the euacuation of such sharpe humors thirdly in applying fit medicins on the vlcer as if it be very humide the medicaments must he more drying and lyke to the parr as this take water of allom or playntine decoction of Cypres Mirabalon baâ—k of Pomegarnet such like If there be great heate in the place coole it by refrigeratiues desiccatiues Guydo for such vlcers vseth a cake of leade rubbed with quicksiluer vnguentum pompholigos de minio or de plumbo vnguentum rubrum cum camphora take any of these mixed with a litle tuthiae preparate plumbi vsti cerusae lotae beaten in a morter of lead with water of plantaine a little terra sigillata with a little oyle of Roses make an vnguent If the malignitie be great oft the body is drie and consume these humors with canters actuall pouder of mercurie mixed with vnguent rosat till such time the malice be consumed thereafter wash it with the decoction aboue specified If by all these remedies wee profit not we vse the thochisces of diandron de musa arsnic copporous vsing alwaies defensiues to repercute the fluxion which may come through the violence of these remedies If these be not suffitient Auicen counselleth to cut the member infected and vlcered The fourth Chapter of the vlcer profound and Cauernous The vlcer cauernous hath theorifice staight the bottoÌ„ broad many cauernes some right some oblique with diuers fractuositiues without hardnes callositie so differ from fistules The cause of such vlcers is apostemes wounds euill healed in the which the matter hath bâ—n loÌ„g retayned the orifice higher than the bottom as ye haue heard the party debilitated so causeth defluxion of superfluous humors not only of the part but of al the body Thou shalt know these cauernes by the sonde either of lead siluer or a wax candle therin coÌ„tained by the iniection if it be white cernsse it is cold if it be subtil reddish the matter is hot those that are easie to heale haue litle matter with diminitioÌ„ of dolor humor The cure of such vlcers coÌ„sisteth first in the way of life with remedies according to the quality of the humor nature of the part vlcered as also the situatioÌ„ the dolor intemperie other accideÌ„ts that entertaine the vlcer As for the topicall remedies if the orifice be in coÌ„modious situatioÌ„ that the matter may euacuat by vngueÌ„ts emplasters muÌ„dificatiues deâ—iccatiues with lygaturs coÌ„presses fomentatioÌ„s iniectioÌ„s of red wine if the orifice be high the bottom low the meÌ„ber must bee siâ—uat in such fashioÌ„ that the nethermost be as ye haue heard in wouÌ„ds cauernous If by the situatioÌ„ the matter doth not euacuat or if it be in such places that it cannot be so situated theÌ„ make an incisioÌ„ froÌ„ the orifice to the bottom with mete instrumeÌ„ts thereafter appease the dolor and flux of blood if it be in such parts that this incision bee not sanely done theÌ„ make an issue in the bottom put a seton as in wounds caneruous or a tent wit some fit medicin that muÌ„difieth as ye haue heard in tumors or this Rec. mellis lib. 2. viridis aeris 3 5 olei rosati lib. 1. aristolachiae longe alluminis cerusae an onc 1. fiat vnguentuÌ„ or wash with wine honey called mulsum If the humor bee sanguinolent and euill sauored wash the vlcer with Oxymell Allom water or honey aqua marina with a little egyptiac Albucrasis counselleth to dissolue egyptiac with Hydromell which mundifieth and corecteth the maligninie If the matter be subtill and waterie take barley agrimony centory worme wood and seeth in honey and vineger it being cleansed vse this in carnatiue and glutinatiue take the rootes of Iris Plantaine Agrimony sodden in water and honey Auicen councelleth the emplastrum catholicon centorium which is of a merueilous effect in this put also the emplastrum de minio diâ—calciteos or nigrum composed with galles honey pouder of Iris aloes mirre and sucâ—like Togat setteth a marueilous good medicine to congâ—tinat vlcers made thus Rec. decoctionis hordei lib. 1. mellis rosati onc 3. sacrocâ—llae dâ—ag 2. mirrâ—thuris an drag 1. vini odoriferi onc 3. bulliant ad consumptionem tertiae partis addendo aloes paruÌ„ straine this put it on in the vlcers bynd it vpward shift it once a day till the vlcer be whole The fift Chapter of the filthy rotten vlcer THese vlcers which are oppressed with abundance of matter thick tough and euill coulored are called by Guydo and others sordids and filthie if they augment rot and mortifie the fâ—esh vlcered voyding a matter euill sauoured and cadauerous they are called vlcers putrids If the malignitie and rottennes continue it is gangren and is called vlcer gangrenous of the which ye haue heard The Cause is abundance of grosse humors proceeding of an adustion and ebulition of blood for the which they become venemous and maligne as chaunceth after carbuncles tumors and woundes euill dressed The Cure of them consisteth in regiment as ye haue heard in the Chapter of carbuncle the vsing of the decoction of gaiac is good to dry vp the humors and eucuat them by sweating Auicen coÌ„mendeth much purging of the bodie to discharge the part of these euill Humors by medycines mundificatiues like as humiditie by drying medicines by ventouses scarcifications horsleaches epithems Topicall remedies are first to wash the place with hydromell and aqua marina apostolicon or egiptiac and put on the vlcer applying on it an emplaister de bolo with cloth wette in oxicrate If the matter gender in corruption wash it with oxicrate water of cenders or white soape with this emplaister made of salt fish flowre of aristolochia longa orobie sodden in wine and put on the sore If this be not sufficient take this medicament quod recipit dragaganti rubri dicti auripigment onc 1. calcis vinae alluminis corticis mali punici singulorum onc 6. thuris galâ—â—rum
singulorum onc di cerae et olei an quaÌ„tum sufficit fiat vnguentum with defensiues of bol If for all this the vlcer augment and grow worse we vse more strong remedies to consume the putrefaction as canters actuals or rasors or medicaments that haue vertue to make a scale according to the saying of Hipp. that which healeth not by medicaments it healeth eyther by iron or fire which shall be continued till ye come to the good flesh and shall be knowne by the colour Arsenic or vitriol roman is good to separate the rotten from the whole being mixed with aquauitae honney and egiptiac If by all these remedies ye profite not but that the euill doth augment the parte must be cutte off for the safetie of the rest as counselleth Celsus The sixt Chapter of the Vlcer difficill to heale called Cacoethes YEe haue heard that some Vlcers are easie some hard and some indifferent but those vlcers which heale not after all thinges duely vsed are called Cacoethickes or malignes and long in healing and by Galen dispulotica The Cause is the euill temperature of the bodie as if the humors be vitiated called by the Greekes cachochymie or if there bee aboundance of humors called by the Greekes plethorie they must be also euacuated also that that the callositie or intemperie in the parte must be taken away The Signes are the diuturnitie of the Vlcer the indisposition and malice of the humor the hardnesse and callositie of the lippes tumified there commeth Sanie in quantitie but thin euill sauoured little dolor sometime healeth and oft openeth vp againe chiefely in the feet and legges As for the Cure ye must take away the cause and reduce the parte to the naturall otherwise it is impossible to heale it If there bee plenitude cachochymie intemperie either of all the bodie or some parte interne as the lyuer the milte the stomacke or else of the part vlcered about it vice in the humor or some varix roundnesse and hardnesse of the vlcer first ye must purge the body as yee shall finde expedient bleede if cause require vse good dyet eate thinges that ingender good humors vsing decoction of falseperell made thus Take salseperâ—ll onc 4. guiac onc 1. di macerentur per noctem in lib. 8. aquae purissimae bulliat lento igne ad consumptionem mediae partis addendo in fine saniculi buglossi pilosellae pimpernellae quinque neruiâ— gaâ—â—ophillate consolidae maioris et minoris capillâ—rium omnium an m. di glicerize rase onc di fiat decoctio capiat summo mane et sudet et a prandio onc 4. sine sudore et aliis horis si voluerit This is a most excellent helpe for all vlcers If the fault be in the liuer milte or stomacke corroborate these partes by aduise of the learned Physitian if the fault be in the part vlcered eyther beeing tumified with varix such accidentes it shall be corrected as in vlcers sanious as also if it be rounde If the fault be in the humors which occupie the vlcer they must be euacuated All Vlcers which are difficill to cicatrize must haue the bloud about them euacuated either by scarrifications or horsleaches and washing it with allom water and such as ye haue heard in vlcer putride If the parte about the vlcer be blacke liuide or redde scarrifie it and euacuate wel the bloud applying a drie sponge with medicamentes defensiues as in vlcers sanious If the lippes of the vlcer be callius hard and liuide it must be consumed with medicamentes if not that way weâ—â—t the hardnesse to the quicke flesh and let it bleede well to diuertise the fluxion intercept the cause of the hardnesse These thinges all obserued thou shalt followe out the rest of the cure as is set downe in the simple vlcer The seuenth Chapter of Vlcer with corruption of the Boane THere are some Vlcers which after they are healed and cicatriced a certayne space become tumified suppure and renue the vlcer agayne which chaunceth when the vlcer hath beene long in healing maligne fistulous gangrenous cancrenous by the defluxion of the humor in the proper substance of the boane as wee see in the virulence of the venerian sickenesse the which consumeth the periost rotteth the boane and consumeth the bloud which is the proper nouriture thereof also application of oyle or thinges vnctuous on the boane which corrodeth This corruption commeth by degrees first becomming fat through the humor which is soaked in it next either black or rotten and is knowne by the mattir that commeth from it which is viscous and stincking also great store of spongious flesh the corruption is also knowne by the sight not being white as it ought also by the sounde not equall but knottie and soft For the Curation after remedies vniuersall let there be vsed a good dyet purging and bleeding and vsing this potioÌ„ in the morning not eating foure houres afore nor three after Rec. hor dei mundi partes 3. gentianae partes 2. centaureae minoris parta 1. coquantur in vino albo putting to it a little gaiac this potion is good for the suppuration of the boanes as is learnedly written by Togatius The particular remedies are of three kinds that is rougins canters potentiall and actuall before the application of the which we must be assured what quantitie of the boane is altered then incise the vlcer discouer that which is offended and if the rottennesse be but superficiall we vse rougin till we perceiue the bloud which sheweth it not to be altered The boane which is neere consumed as in the head and such places as be neere the noble partes and ioynts and in the ridge of the backe we vse also the rougin with this pouder of the rootes of aristoloohia iris florentiae corticis pini thuris aloes sâ—oriae aeris an partes aequales stampe them in aquauitae and drie them in an ouen which shall bee done twise or thrise and lay these pouders on the boane with the emplaister diacalciteos or betonica ye may also mixe these pouders with a little honney or aureum If these thinges be not sufficient and the alteration be greater we vse canters potentiall as oyle of vitriol oyle of cloues mercurie camphire sulphure salis antimonij incense and such like But if the rottennesse be great fat and vnctious wee apply canters actualls once or twise to separate the whole from that which is rotten perfunding till the outmost of the altered thing which ye shall know when there commeth no more humiditie if you continue them longer you consume the humiditie naturall which shoulde ingender fleshe betwixt the rotten and the whole for the which haue good Iudgement This remedie hath vertue to corroborate and comfort the parte and drieth and consumeth the euill humors and helpeth the separation the which beeing perceiued shake it by little and little and draw it not by force if
other as saith Auicen therfore I vse alwaies to wommen a tablet cordiall or else they eate some-what afore The thirde is called Sciatica situated aboue the anckle is opened athwart as ye haue heard good for sciaticks dolors in the thighes and anckles The fourth is called Medium or renall and is situated vnder the bending of the foote and is opened for such maladies as the other Some say that aboue euery knee about three fingers there are two great veines which Arabes call Salsores and say if the â—â—ick be bled in them he dyeth presently anh Galen is not of their opinion Thinges which are to bee considered to bleede well FIrst the Chirurgian must be in a light place either naturally or with candle also his owne sight should be good as sayth Haly Abbas and must haue a ligator that goeth twise about the arme an inch broad also hee must haue a tound staffe to hold in his hands in like maner a litle oyle to rub on the veine to make it souple also annoint the lancet with sallet oyle before the blood which will appease the paine he must haue diuers lancets of the which some are large some round pointed when the paine is superficiall also when neede is to make a good issue and euacuation which we vse in putride feuers and when the blood is thick and the sick strong some must be long sharp pointed to open when the veines are deepe and hidden as also to make little issues in small superficiall veines when neede is to make deriuation as if the person spit blood or bleede at the nose The issue you make must bleede long to diuert it we make the issue little in people that are out of their wits that the issue may be soone consolide by reason that such people lose the bandage and oft blod much The incision must be made one of 3 waies to wit in leÌ„gth breadth oblique making alwaies an incisioÌ„ in midst of the veine not cutting it altogether which if it be the blood coÌ„meth not wel but alongst the arme and the extremity of the veines retireth one from another Then let him make the issue as it should be cause the blood come well out rub first the arme thou woldest blod geÌ„tly with a hot cloth or thy hand theÌ„ knit it with thy legature a little aboue the elbow let the binding be steady show it selfe the better then the sick party shall close his hand that the veines may shew the better thereafter if it be the right arme the Chirurgian shall take it with left hand neare to the part where he intendeth to make the issue holding his thomb on the veine that it stirre not for oftentimes it rolleth and slydeth from the launcet sometime it yeildeth being full of wynd This being done he shall marke the place with the formost finger of the right hand making a little marke with his naile on the verine then he shall take the launcet betwixt the thomb the formost finger in the midst of it and to the end that he tremble not he shall leaue the other three fingers on the arme and leaue the finger and thomb that holdeth the lancet on the left thomb which holdeth the veine then open the veine softly slyding the poynt of it in the veine not suddenly if the vaine be not opened at the first time prick suddenly againe a little aboue or vnder the first ye may do the same if the hole be not great enough to let out the blood in a reasonable quantity The veine opened in that manner the party shall hold the staffe in his hand that he may rest his hand the blood come out the better Hauing drawen such quaÌ„tity of blood as the cause requireth He shall presse out that which remayneth if there come out any fat as oft happeneth in grosse people thou shalt put it in agayne that done put a pece of câ—oth in 3 or 4 fingers double on the wound and wet it in water bynd the arme with a band of an inch broad that goeth 3 or 4 times about the arme winding it about aboue the elbow and vnder that it neyther be too straight nor too slack If the veins be small blood theÌ„ after meate rather than before for theÌ„ they are more full of blood doe not eat nor drink of an hower after Thinges to bee considered after the veine is opened OFtentimes chanceth after the veine is wel opened that the blood commeth well forth and afterwards suddeÌ„ly doth cease hapneth through too straight ligature saith Auerrois or else for an appreheÌ„sion somtime through wrong euill situatioÌ„ of the arme in these points ye must slack the ligature comfort the party situat the arme right somtime the cause is in the thicknes grossnes of the blod for the which rub the place incised with a litle oyle If the party be weake which shal be knowne by the changing his coulor and the blood running alongst the arme in this yee shall loose the legature close the wound lay the sick on his back cast water in his face vineger to smell to giue him a little wine within a while after loose the band and let him blede till yee haue got such quantitie of blood as shal bee requisite stirre not nor labour thy arme that carrie it in figure triangulare sleepe not two howers after Let the blood stand to know the nature of it for in our bodie there are diuers sorts very vatiable accordinh to the diuersitie of the age the complexion country kinde of the sicknes and partes of the bodie Wee shall iudge the nature and qualitie of the blood three waies first by coulor by the tast and substance As for the color good naturall blood should be red sweete as phlegme naturall and meâ—ne substance when it congealeth not it is a signe that some of the other humors are with it when it is redde cleare and gluttering it signifieth abundaÌ„ce of choller wheÌ„ it is blackish abundance of melancholy naturall or adust which stoppeth it to congeale the fatnes of the blood keepeth it also from congealing Of Arteriotemie or in incision of the Arter LIke as for diuers maladies we blud the veines so we do in some arters Arteriotomia is a detractioÌ„ of blood by the diuisioÌ„ of the arter which was not vsed by our auntieÌ„ts saue onely Menodotus but is greatly in vse now chiefly those in the teÌ„ples behind the eares for great fluxion of of catarrs on the eies brest maladies of the head ingeÌ„dred of a hot fluxion inueterated vaparous spirrits as are coÌ„tained in these arters In opening them first I shaue the haire rub the part the necke with a napkin as the veine making a little incision in the bodye of the arter as in the veine not cutting it altogether draw such quaÌ„tity of blod as is needefull then stay it and put on the wound