colour_n purple_a colour_n purple_a colour_n declare_v need_n of_o much_o strength_n before_o it_o can_v be_v alter_v to_o a_o good_a urine_n this_o urine_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o burn_a choler_n and_o if_o it_o do_v continue_v very_o long_o it_o be_v a_o token_n of_o the_o yellow_a jaundice_n with_o abundance_n gross_a and_o corrupt_a choler_n gather_v in_o the_o â—ver_n and_o at_o the_o beginning_n there_o go_v wâ—_n it_o some_o spice_n and_o grudge_n of_o the_o agâ—_n with_o a_o little_a thirstiness_n but_o unless_o there_o bâ—_n discretion_n use_v in_o the_o diet_n of_o such_o a_o patieâ—_n it_o may_v turn_v to_o a_o much_o worse_a disease_n of_o green_n urine_v colour_n green_a colour_n green_a colour_n be_v a_o evil_a and_o a_o dangeroâ—_n token_n for_o it_o need_v not_o only_o long_a timâ—_n but_o also_o cotinual_a strength_n to_o bring_v it_o agâ—_n to_o a_o good_a trade_n the_o high_a that_o this_o cold_a be_v the_o more_o it_o declare_v that_o choler_n exceâ—eth_v the_o other_o humour_n which_o if_o it_o be_v aâ—_n more_o burn_v will_v cause_v black_a urine_n which_o i_o will_v anon_o speak_v but_o if_o green_a oâ—lour_n come_v of_o waste_v of_o the_o fat_a then_o be_v somewhat_o like_a to_o oily_a colour_n or_o popinâ—_n green_a but_o if_o it_o come_v of_o abundance_n of_o purpâ—lish_a colour_n and_o through_o increase_n of_o his_o quality_n then_o do_v the_o colour_n incline_v more_o â—ward_o black_a and_o glister_v with_o shadow_n green_a draw_v very_o nigh_o unto_o black_a afâ—_n green_a choler_n follow_v madness_n parbreaâ—ing_v and_o avoid_v of_o choler_n sometime_o wiâ—_n matter_n or_o else_o burn_v and_o also_o continuâ—_n thirstiness_n and_o burn_a heat_n of_o the_o tongue_n straightness_n about_o the_o stomach_n and_o like_o other_o thing_n but_o if_o the_o patient_a continue_v strong_a and_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o urine_n do_v wax_v light_a there_o be_v good_a hope_n else_o there_o be_v great_a fear_n least_o of_o the_o dryness_n and_o burn_a there_o do_v follow_v contraction_n of_o the_o sinew_n which_o will_v kill_v the_o patient_a of_o oily_a urine_n or_o popinjay_n green_n green_a oily_a urine_n or_o popinjay_n green_a oily_a urine_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n as_o i_o say_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n that_o be_v light_v oily_a stark_o oily_a and_o dark_a oily_a oily_a urine_n be_v a_o token_n of_o unnatural_a heat_n and_o the_o high_a that_o the_o colour_n be_v the_o great_a be_v the_o heat_n and_o also_o they_o betoken_v melt_v of_o the_o fat_a within_o a_o man_n for_o of_o it_o be_v they_o so_o colour_v but_o at_o the_o beginning_n when_o there_o be_v a_o little_a fat_a melt_v the_o urine_n be_v light_a oily_a for_o if_o it_o look_v stark_o oily_a than_o it_o signify_v that_o the_o disease_n increase_v but_o if_o it_o come_v once_o to_o dark_a oily_a then_o be_v the_o disease_n sore_o increase_v hypocrates_n in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o his_o aphorism_n speak_v of_o fatness_n in_o urine_n say_v thus_o who_o so_o make_v urine_n with_o fatty_a float_n come_v much_o and_o fast_o they_o have_v sharp_a pain_n in_o the_o reins_o which_o sentence_n though_o it_o seem_v more_o to_o appertain_v to_o the_o content_n then_o to_o the_o colour_n yet_o do_v not_o only_a galen_n but_o also_o aetinâ—_n actuarius_n and_o also_o another_o grecian_a who_o name_n i_o know_v not_o expound_v it_o among_o colour_n and_o by_o it_o declare_v the_o difference_n â—_o know_v whether_o that_o waist_n or_o melt_a â—_o fat_a be_v in_o the_o reins_o itself_o or_o in_o other_o part_n oâ—_n the_o body_n for_o if_o it_o come_v fast_o together_o â—_o hypocrates_n say_v then_o come_v it_o from_o thâ—_n rein_v itself_o and_o betoken_v the_o waste_a â—_o be_v in_o they_o but_o if_o it_o come_v soft_o and_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a then_o do_v it_o declare_v thâ—_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v overcome_v with_o unnatural_a heat_n and_o that_o the_o fat_a of_o it_o do_v waste_v it_o do_v betoken_v as_o act._n witness_v a_o waste_a ague_n consume_v the_o body_n of_o blue_a urine_n ash-colour_n and_o black_n blue_a colour_n ash-colour_n and_o black_a do_v differ_v only_o in_o lightness_n and_o darkness_n for_o ash-colour_n be_v dark_a than_o blow_v anâ—_n black_a be_v dark_a than_o any_o of_o they_o both_o colour_n blue_n colour_n blue_n colour_n sometime_o come_v of_o moderate_a melancholy_n and_o then_o be_v the_o urine_n somewhat_o thin_a in_o substance_n and_o sometime_o iâ—_n come_v of_o great_a cold_a and_o then_o it_o be_v thick_a in_o substance_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v a_o token_n oâ—_n mortify_v of_o some_o part_n yea_o and_o sometime_o even_o of_o whole_a nature_n namely_o if_o the_o colour_n change_n to_o worse_a and_o worse_o and_o there_o go_v before_o no_o token_n of_o concoction_n ash-colour_n ash-colour_n ash_n colour_a urine_n come_v of_o like_a cause_n and_o betoken_v like_o thing_n howbeit_o it_o be_v so_o colour_a many_o time_n when_o the_o party_n that_o make_v it_o have_v be_v sore_o beat_v and_o bruise_v but_o in_o this_o you_o need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o urine_n for_o you_o may_v see_v the_o walt_n and_o token_n of_o the_o stripe_n in_o his_o body_n urine_n black_a urine_n urine_n which_o be_v extreme_a black_a sometime_o betoken_v extreme_a heat_n and_o sometime_o extreme_a cold_a the_o which_o both_o you_o may_v distinct_o discern_v if_o you_o do_v observe_v order_n of_o alteration_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o urine_n that_o the_o patient_a make_v last_o before_o for_o if_o his_o urine_n before_o be_v green_a or_o like_v thereto_o then_o do_v the_o black_a urine_n which_o follow_v it_o betoken_v extreme_a heat_n but_o if_o it_o be_v last_o before_o blue_a or_o ash-coloured_a then_o do_v it_o signify_v extreme_a cold_a this_o black_a colour_n though_o it_o be_v common_o a_o evil_a and_o deadly_a sign_n as_o i_o say_v before_o speak_v of_o thick_a urine_n and_o black_a yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v a_o good_a token_n for_o in_o all_o disease_n light_o that_o come_v of_o melancholy_a matter_n it_o betoken_v that_o the_o matter_n do_v avoid_v and_o so_o the_o sickness_n to_o end_v and_o such_o urine_n do_v appear_v many_o time_n after_o purgation_n or_o other_o meat_n and_o drink_n which_o purge_v the_o spleen_n namely_o if_o a_o man_n do_v labour_n upon_o they_o that_o be_v before_o disease_v of_o the_o spleen_n howbeit_o sometime_o meat_n and_o drink_n of_o liâ—_n colour_n cause_n black_a urine_n as_o galen_n witness_v namely_o after_o dark_a red_a wine_n and_o alicant_n but_o in_o moderate_a ague_n if_o such_o black_a â—rine_n do_v appear_v it_o be_v a_o token_n of_o death_n except_o it_o be_v on_o some_o critical_a day_n and_o likewiâ—_n in_o sharp_a ague_n especial_o if_o the_o savour_n bâ—_n strong_a and_o stink_a unless_o it_o come_v of_o somâ—_n grief_n of_o the_o bladder_n urine_n quantity_n of_o urine_n let_v this_o suffice_v for_o this_o time_n as_o touch_v colour_n now_o for_o the_o quantity_n of_o urine_n â—_o when_o it_o be_v mean_a it_o be_v a_o good_a token_n so_o wheâ—_n it_o be_v either_o too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a it_o be_v a_o evil_a sign_n except_o it_o come_v of_o such_o cause_n as_o show_v before_o that_o alter_v urine_n in_o healthful_a man_n body_n much_o in_o a_o whole_a body_n as_o first_o excessive_a quantity_n of_o urine_n comâ—meth_v of_o much_o drink_n of_o thin_a wine_n as_o rhenish_a wine_n and_o such_o like_a but_o that_o shall_v yoâ—_n thus_o know_v for_o the_o colour_n will_v be_v white_o and_o the_o substance_n thin_a than_o a_o meanâ—_n the_o content_n also_o will_v be_v divers_a and_o not_o dâ—ly_o knit_v likewise_o if_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o raw_a humour_n in_o a_o man_n unconcocted_a anâ—_n yet_o nature_n persevere_v strong_a then_o be_v therâ—_n great_a quantity_n of_o urine_n and_o somewhat_o thiâ—_n of_o substance_n but_o not_o so_o white_a as_o the_o other_o and_o the_o content_n of_o this_o be_v better_o alsâ—_n as_o hypocrates_n say_v much_o urine_n make_v iâ—_n the_o night_n 3._o 4._o aph._n 3._o be_v a_o token_n of_o small_a siege_n so_o that_o if_o any_o impediment_n let_v natural_a siege_n then_o will_v the_o quantity_n of_o urine_n be_v the_o great_a but_o in_o this_o as_o the_o colour_n be_v mean_a so_o be_v the_o ground_n both_o great_a and_o grosser_n yet_o in_o healthful_a folk_n may_v the_o urine_n by_o another_o mean_n also_o be_v great_a than_o a_o mean_a and_o that_o may_v be_v by_o medicine_n which_o provoke_v urine_n but_o then_o be_v the_o colour_n more_o natural_a than_o the_o last_o that_o i_o speak_v of_o and_o the_o ground_n be_v thin_a of_o substance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v dark_a and_o scarce_o see_v and_o then_o be_v there_o a_o certain_a glister_n in_o the_o urine_n itself_o body_n little_a urine_n in_o a_o whole_a body_n now_o
the_o judgement_n of_o urine_v by_o robert_n record_n doctor_n of_o physic_n whereunto_o be_v add_v a_o ingenious_a treatise_n concern_v physician_n apothecary_n and_o surgeon_n set_v forth_o by_o a_o eminent_a physician_n in_o queen_n elizabeth_n day_n with_o a_o translation_n of_o papius_n ahalsossa_n concern_v apothecary_n confect_v their_o medicine_n worthy_a peruse_n and_o imitate_v london_n print_v and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o peter_n parker_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n in_o cornhill_n against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n 1679._o to_o the_o reader_n if_o either_o the_o corruption_n or_o abuse_v of_o thing_n may_v deprive_v we_o of_o this_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a use_n of_o they_o even_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n our_o law_n our_o provision_n of_o life_n and_o clothing_n may_v fall_v under_o declension_n if_o not_o abolition_n it_o be_v true_a from_o the_o inspection_n of_o urine_n some_o have_v presume_v to_o pretend_v a_o large_a judgement_n and_o indication_n then_o may_v just_o be_v draw_v or_o conjecture_v out_o of_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v general_o conclude_v by_o physician_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o both_o urine_n and_o pulse_n be_v so_o necessary_a that_o without_o they_o all_o knowledge_n of_o physic_n beside_o be_v doubtful_a obscure_a and_o uncertain_a whereof_o the_o first_o show_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o vein_n the_o second_o of_o the_o heart_n and_o artery_n the_o urine_n because_o with_o the_o blood_n it_o be_v conveâ—ed_v into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o from_o thence_o return_v back_o again_o in_o the_o vein_n to_o the_o liver_n and_o urinal_n vessel_n bring_v with_o it_o some_o indicature_n of_o the_o state_n and_o disposition_n of_o all_o those_o part_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o who_o shall_v please_v to_o peruse_v that_o exact_a piece_n of_o daniel_n becherus_n shall_v find_v observable_a piece_n both_o concern_v the_o urine_n and_o divers_a experiment_a medicine_n make_v with_o it_o concern_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o pulse_n who_o shall_v please_v to_o peruse_v doctor_n may_v upon_o pennant_n shall_v find_v the_o pulse_n motion_n not_o so_o certain_a a_o indicature_n because_o in_o some_o disease_n there_o be_v cessation_n or_o none_o or_o small_a appearance_n to_o conjecture_v by_o concern_v the_o author_n he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o labour_v to_o reduce_v the_o tractate_n thereof_o unto_o order_n and_o method_n and_o have_v be_v second_v by_o laborious_a fletcher_n to_o who_o our_o english_a nation_n owe_v much_o for_o their_o labour_n the_o antiquity_n and_o pain_n of_o the_o author_n have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v present_v again_o to_o the_o press_n hope_v with_o judicious_a man_n it_o shall_v receive_v the_o acceptance_n be_v desire_v and_o study_v by_o the_o wellwisher_a of_o your_o health_n r._n r._n the_o preface_n example_n the_o good_a use_n of_o a_o covetous_a example_n though_o the_o unsatiable_a greediness_n of_o covetous_a man_n do_v many_o and_o sundry_a way_n hurt_v yet_o some_o way_n it_o may_v do_v no_o less_o good_a if_o man_n will_v not_o disdain_v as_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o use_v it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o but_o because_o that_o unsaciableness_n be_v never_o satisfy_v but_o beside_o thousand_o of_o mean_n invent_v already_o to_o quench_v the_o unquenchable_a greediness_n it_o seek_v and_o find_v daily_o new_a and_o new_a mean_n innumerable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o infinite_a labour_n to_o declare_v they_o all_o i_o will_v witting_o and_o purposed_o pass_v they_o over_o only_o take_v one_o general_a sentence_n which_o shall_v be_v in_o stead_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n vespasian_n one_o of_o the_o great_a schoolmaster_n of_o avarice_n which_o can_v pick_v out_o profit_n of_o every_o thing_n yea_o even_o of_o man_n urine_n teach_v his_o scholar_n i_o mean_v the_o whole_a court_n of_o covetous_a person_n this_o lesson_n ensue_v lucri_fw-la bone_fw-la odor_n 〈◊〉_d qualibet_fw-la lucre_n be_v sweet_a and_o have_v a_o good_a savour_n though_o it_o come_v of_o urine_n dirt_n or_o ordure_n this_o sentence_n if_o it_o be_v withdraw_v from_o the_o filthy_a lucre_n of_o unsatiable_a covetousness_n wherein_o it_o be_v detestable_a and_o employ_v rather_o to_o the_o due_a lucre_n of_o man_n sustenance_n than_o it_o become_v tolerable_a but_o if_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o necessary_a lucre_n of_o man_n health_n then_o be_v it_o great_o commendable_a if_o there_o can_v be_v then_o any_o commodity_n for_o man_n health_n gather_v out_o of_o urine_n as_o there_o may_v be_v much_o man_n shall_v not_o be_v negligent_a in_o seek_v of_o that_o thing_n which_o shall_v do_v good_a both_o to_o themselves_o and_o other_o see_v the_o covetous_a be_v so_o diligent_a in_o seek_v for_o that_o thing_n which_o shall_v profit_v neither_o themselves_o nor_o other_o and_o the_o negligence_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a if_o man_n be_v more_o remiss_a in_o seek_v after_o so_o necessary_a a_o thing_n in_o a_o matter_n so_o commendable_a than_o the_o covetous_a in_o a_o bad_a thing_n but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o this_o thing_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o plain_o set_v forth_o be_v with_o no_o less_o difficulty_n to_o be_v study_v on_o than_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v use_v the_o ignorant_a may_v have_v some_o excuse_n i_o therefore_o in_o the_o name_n of_o many_o other_o have_v take_v this_o pain_n on_o i_o to_o set_v forth_o this_o thing_n so_o plain_o aside_o ignorance_n set_v aside_o that_o ignorance_n can_v have_v no_o excuse_n but_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o treatise_n or_o of_o my_o intent_n write_v why_o this_o book_n be_v write_v in_o put_v forth_o the_o same_o rather_o in_o this_o our_o english_a tongue_n then_o any_o other_o i_o shall_v brief_o show_v reason_n of_o both_o first_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o reason_n the_o first_o reason_n i_o will_v bold_o speak_v know_v for_o certain_a that_o no_o man_n that_o can_v judge_v it_o will_v say_v or_o think_v otherwise_o but_o that_o it_o be_v as_o true_a as_o man_n knowledge_n can_v devise_v it_o and_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a writer_n of_o physic_n both_o greek_n and_o latin_a namely_o hypocrates_n galen_n aetius_n aeginâ—ta_n philotheus_n theophilus_n actuarius_n also_o cornelius_n celsus_n plinius_n constantinus_n africanus_n and_o clementius_fw-la clementinus_fw-la with_o other_o more_o confer_v also_o with_o these_o avicenna_n egidius_n polidamus_n and_o such_o like_a but_o with_o what_o temperance_n and_o moderation_n they_o that_o be_v learned_a may_v perceive_v these_o have_v i_o follow_v chief_o in_o this_o judgement_n of_o urine_n and_o in_o the_o use_n of_o medicine_n and_o disease_n touch_v urine_n i_o have_v join_v with_o they_o dioscorides_n quintus_fw-la serenus_n columela_n sextus_n platonicus_n and_o divers_a other_o now_o if_o there_o be_v any_o man_n that_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o those_o writer_n in_o this_o thing_n i_o be_o not_o here_o to_o force_v belief_n upon_o they_o author_n the_o inter_fw-la of_o the_o author_n but_o now_o as_o touch_v my_o intent_n in_o write_v this_o treatise_n in_o english_a though_o this_o cause_n may_v seem_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v many_o man_n that_o i_o be_o a_o english_a man_n and_o therefore_o may_v most_o easy_o and_o plain_o write_v in_o my_o native_a tongue_n rather_o than_o in_o any_o other_o yet_o unto_o they_o that_o know_v the_o hardness_n of_o the_o matter_n this_o answer_n shall_v seem_v unlikely_a consider_v that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o translate_v into_o such_o a_o tongue_n wherein_o the_o art_n have_v not_o be_v write_v before_o then_o to_o write_v in_o those_o tongue_n in_o which_o the_o term_n of_o the_o art_n be_v better_o express_v now_o to_o show_v brief_o the_o cause_n move_v i_o thereunto_o i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v but_o few_o that_o ever_o seek_v counsel_n for_o their_o health_n but_o they_o know_v that_o the_o common_a trade_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o disease_n be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o urine_n though_o not_o alone_o yet_o as_o the_o principal_a likewise_o as_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n so_o good_a but_o the_o abuse_n of_o it_o may_v cause_v harm_n to_o ensue_v thereupon_o so_o this_o judgement_n of_o urine_n though_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n high_o to_o be_v regard_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v use_v rash_o without_o forego_v sign_n it_o may_v cause_n as_o it_o do_v often_o some_o error_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o physician_n though_o he_o be_v right_o excellent_o learn_v not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o physician_n as_o by_o want_n of_o knowledge_n in_o the_o patient_a which_o shall_v instruct_v the_o physician_n in_o such_o question_n as_o he_o need_v to_o demand_v of_o he_o and_o not_o to_o look_v that_o the_o physician_n shall_v
other_o like_o book_n of_o physic_n have_v there_o be_v put_v forth_o many_o year_n past_a and_o yet_o unto_o this_o day_n do_v not_o learned_a wit_n sleep_v how_o much_o be_v all_o england_n bind_v to_o that_o worthy_a and_o learned_a knight_n sir_n thomas_n eliot_n health_n sir_n thomas_n eliot_n castle_n of_o health_n which_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o build_v a_o castle_n of_o health_n for_o all_o english_a man_n beside_o many_o other_o learned_a book_n that_o he_o have_v puâ—_n forth_o in_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n whereby_o a_o man_n may_v learn_v both_o to_o govern_v himself_o so_o that_o though_o he_o escape_v not_o all_o sickness_n quiter_n yet_o he_o shall_v eschew_v the_o great_a danger_n of_o they_o england_n may_v rejoice_v of_o such_o a_o knight_n yea_o england_n have_v too_o few_o that_o follow_v such_o example_n but_o if_o england_n have_v as_o many_o well_o willing_a doer_n as_o she_o have_v cruel_a and_o spiteful_a disdainer_n than_o be_v england_n the_o flower_n of_o all_o realm_n in_o the_o world_n now_o will_v i_o leave_v this_o and_o draw_v near_o to_o my_o purpose_n and_o will_v desire_v all_o man_n that_o shall_v read_v this_o book_n patient_o to_o bear_v with_o my_o boldness_n and_o thankful_o to_o receive_v my_o good_a mind_n and_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o this_o book_n or_o in_o any_o other_o that_o i_o shall_v put_v forth_o a_o small_a error_n or_o oversight_n for_o great_a error_n i_o dare_v say_v there_o shall_v be_v none_o i_o shall_v desire_v all_o they_o that_o shall_v find_v any_o to_o advertise_v i_o thereof_o by_o word_n or_o writing_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v ready_a not_o only_o to_o render_v condign_a thanks_o but_o also_o to_o amend_v due_o that_o shall_v be_v think_v amiss_o or_o else_o to_o yield_v a_o reason_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o same_o reader_n a_o exhortation_n to_o the_o reader_n and_o now_o to_o make_v a_o end_n i_o will_v desire_v every_o man_n sober_o and_o discreet_o to_o use_v this_o my_o book_n not_o use_v it_o to_o the_o taunt_a or_o check_v of_o other_o man_n nor_o to_o trust_n in_o â—heir_n own_o knowledge_n further_o than_o they_o ought_v and_o likewise_o i_o shall_v exhort_v all_o man_n not_o to_o mock_v and_o jest_n with_o any_o physician_n as_o some_o light_a wit_n do_v tempt_v they_o with_o beast_n stale_a in_o stead_n of_o man_n urine_n other_o bring_v to_o they_o man_n water_n for_o woman_n and_o such_o other_o like_o thing_n for_o in_o this_o do_n they_o deceive_v not_o the_o physician_n but_o themselves_o for_o a_o man_n water_n to_o be_v like_o a_o woman_n it_o need_v seem_v no_o strange_a thing_n howbeit_o again_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a difference_n insomuch_o that_o that_o water_n which_o in_o a_o man_n declare_v health_n if_o it_o be_v a_o woman_n may_v declare_v some_o disease_n and_o likewise_o that_o which_o in_o a_o woman_n signify_v health_n if_o it_o be_v a_o man_n water_n it_o may_v betoken_v sickness_n and_o if_o a_o man_n water_n and_o woman_n be_v like_a and_o betoken_v both_o disease_n those_o disease_n may_v be_v divers_a and_o not_o one_o yea_o two_o man_n water_n be_v both_o alike_o shall_v not_o declare_v always_o one_o grief_n except_o they_o agree_v also_o in_o age_n diet_n exercise_n and_o other_o like_a thing_n also_o that_o a_o beast_n water_n may_v be_v like_o a_o man_n the_o man_n sickness_n be_v thereafter_o hypocrates_n witness_v and_o experience_n teach_v as_o i_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o therefore_o if_o you_o seek_v the_o patient_n health_n look_v that_o you_o receive_v the_o urine_n diligent_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o can_v present_v it_o to_o the_o physician_n and_o be_v diligent_a to_o instruct_v he_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o you_o can_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v need_n to_o ask_v and_o so_o no_o doubt_n you_o shall_v receive_v great_a commodity_n of_o that_o art_n to_o the_o health_n of_o man_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n which_o have_v give_v such_o knowledge_n unto_o man_n the_o urinal_n of_o physic_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o division_n and_o order_n of_o this_o book_n because_o that_o nothing_o do_v confuse_o can_v be_v well_o understand_v of_o the_o reader_n for_o every_o thing_n the_o better_a order_n it_o have_v the_o better_a it_o may_v be_v understand_v and_o be_v much_o more_o easy_o remember_v when_o the_o order_n of_o it_o be_v well_o and_o certain_o know_v book_n the_o sum_n of_o this_o book_n i_o have_v therefore_o digest_v this_o book_n orderly_o as_o i_o shall_v here_o set_v forth_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o you_o may_v read_v as_o it_o be_v in_o gross_a the_o whole_a book_n and_o thereby_o keep_v it_o the_o better_a in_o remembrance_n first_o therefore_o i_o will_v declare_v the_o nature_n of_o urine_n what_o it_o be_v and_o how_o it_o be_v engender_v within_o man_n and_o how_o it_o pass_v forth_o from_o man_n second_o of_o the_o order_n of_o receive_v it_o in_o a_o convenient_a vessel_n and_o of_o the_o time_n and_o place_n meet_v to_o consider_v it_o three_o how_o many_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o urine_n and_o how_o many_o way_n they_o may_v be_v alter_v in_o a_o healthful_a man_n four_o what_o signification_n and_o token_n may_v be_v gather_v of_o urine_n concern_v any_o alteration_n in_o man_n past_a present_a or_o to_o come_v five_o to_o what_o use_n in_o medicine_n urine_n may_v serve_v and_o of_o other_o good_a use_n of_o it_o to_o man_n commodity_n and_o last_o of_o all_o i_o will_v declare_v certain_a disease_n touch_v urine_n which_o either_o let_v it_o or_o cause_v it_o to_o void_a unwilling_o with_o the_o medicine_n and_o remedy_n meet_v for_o the_o same_o chap._n ii_o how_o urine_n be_v engender_v in_o man_n and_o how_o it_o pass_v forth_o as_o unto_o they_o that_o be_v learned_a and_o know_v by_o the_o art_n of_o anatomy_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o man_n and_o the_o natural_a office_n of_o every_o part_n it_o be_v easy_a enough_o to_o perceive_v the_o original_a generation_n and_o cause_n of_o urine_n without_o any_o example_n so_o unto_o they_o that_o neither_o know_v the_o situation_n nor_o office_n no_o neither_o yet_o the_o name_n of_o the_o part_n of_o man_n body_n it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a to_o make_v they_o to_o perceive_v the_o generation_n of_o urine_n without_o some_o sensible_a exampleâ—_n but_o because_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o find_v a_o artificial_a example_n which_o can_v alone_o due_o express_v this_o work_n of_o nature_n i_o will_v use_v therefore_o a_o example_n of_o a_o natural_a work_n which_o shall_v express_v in_o many_o point_v this_o thing_n though_o not_o in_o all_o for_o such_o can_v there_o none_o be_v but_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o this_o example_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o man_n though_o the_o most_o part_n do_v now_o a_o day_n partly_o know_v it_o by_o experience_n of_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n i_o will_v first_o propose_v a_o artificial_a example_n to_o make_v both_o the_o other_o to_o be_v the_o better_o perceive_v still_v a_o example_n of_o still_v it_o be_v daily_o see_v in_o distil_v of_o water_n that_o the_o temperate_a heat_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v separate_v the_o pure_a part_n of_o the_o juice_n from_o the_o herb_n and_o also_o from_o the_o grosser_n juice_n this_o by_o natural_a lightness_n be_v draw_v into_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stillatorie_a where_o by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o helmet_n it_o be_v make_v somewhat_o grosser_n and_o so_o through_o natural_a heat_n descend_v and_o pass_v forth_o by_o the_o pipe_n of_o the_o stillatorie_a original_a the_o original_a and_o as_o the_o art_n of_o man_n use_v to_o make_v this_o water_n so_o do_v nature_n use_v to_o make_v the_o water_n of_o spring_n whereof_o come_v all_o river_n stream_n and_o flood_n except_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v the_o earth_n be_v not_o perfect_o sound_v and_o thick_a of_o substance_n spring_n cause_o of_o spring_n as_o stone_n and_o some_o wood_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o it_o be_v hollow_a and_o full_a of_o hole_n as_o you_o see_v that_o cork_n be_v so_o that_o the_o air_n which_o by_o his_o subtleness_n pierce_v into_o never_o so_o little_a a_o hole_n enter_v and_o fill_v this_o hollowness_n nature_n so_o lead_v to_o it_o because_o no_o place_n shall_v be_v empty_a in_o which_o place_n by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v turn_v into_o water_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o wall_n and_o pillar_n of_o stone_n namely_o of_o marble_n how_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o stone_n turn_v the_o air_n into_o water_n and_o hang_v full_a of_o drop_n which_o sometime_o trickle_v down_o apace_o as_o if_o they_o do_v sweat_v so_o when_o the_o earth_n have_v turn_v the_o air_n
if_o it_o be_v thin_a or_o unpure_a the_o ground_n shall_v be_v either_o obscure_a and_o little_a or_o much_o and_o that_o divers_a and_o unconcoct_v and_o this_o be_v the_o work_n of_o these_o four_o quality_n when_o they_o exceed_v alone_o but_o and_o if_o two_o of_o they_o exceed_v together_o there_o may_v result_v of_o that_o sort_n four_o other_o distemperances_n as_o hot_a and_o dry_a hot_a and_o moist_a cold_a and_o dry_a and_o cold_a and_o moist_a quality_n compound_v distemperature_n of_o quality_n now_o what_o alteration_n these_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v cause_n the_o urine_n you_o may_v easy_o conjecture_v if_o you_o keep_v in_o mind_n that_o which_o i_o say_v of_o the_o four_o simple_a quality_n and_o so_o add_v togethet_n the_o alteration_n and_o this_o must_v you_o remember_v therewith_o that_o where_o they_o both_o agree_v in_o any_o alteration_n they_o cause_v that_o alteration_n to_o be_v the_o great_a and_o where_o they_o be_v contrary_a they_o cause_v the_o alteration_n to_o be_v near_o to_o a_o mean_a howbeit_o somewhat_o to_o help_v you_o take_v this_o brief_a declaration_n man_n a_o temperate_a man_n as_o a_o temperate_a man_n do_v make_v that_o perfect_a urine_n write_v of_o before_o in_o chap._n 6._o so_o the_o urine_n of_o a_o sanguine_a man_n which_o be_v hot_a and_o moist_a shall_v be_v yellow_a or_o light_a saffron_n colour_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o somewhat_o gross_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o moisture_n man_n a_o choleric_a man_n in_o a_o choleric_a man_n be_v hot_a and_o dry_a 〈◊〉_d the_o urine_n shall_v be_v in_o colour_n as_o in_o a_o sanguine_a man_n but_o in_o substance_n thin_a by_o reason_n of_o thâ—_n dryness_n man_n a_o melancolike_a man_n the_o urine_n of_o a_o melancholy_a man_n who_o nature_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a shall_v be_v white_a through_o the_o cold_a and_o clear_v for_o the_o dryness_n man_n a_o phlegmatic_a man_n the_o phlegmatic_a man_n which_o be_v cold_a anâ—_n moist_a make_v urine_n white_a through_o cold_a anâ—_n thick_a by_o the_o moisture_n for_o as_o heat_n and_o colâ—_n alter_v the_o colour_n so_o dryness_n and_o moisture_n change_v the_o substance_n now_o if_o you_o hauâ—_n remember_v all_o that_o i_o have_v write_v before_o then_o shall_v you_o be_v the_o meet_a and_o better_a able_a a_o great_a deal_n to_o perceive_v the_o reason_n 〈◊〉_d the_o token_n which_o urine_n do_v give_v and_o 〈◊〉_d shall_v your_o knowledge_n be_v the_o more_o certain_a if_o you_o know_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n but_o also_o thâ—_n cause_n of_o it_o now_o therefore_o will_v i_o wriâ—_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o part_n of_o urinâ—_n particular_o that_o you_o may_v perceive_v thâ—_n first_o and_o chief_a commodity_n of_o urine_n which_o 〈◊〉_d work_v for_o man_n health_n chap._n viii_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o part_n of_o urine_n particular_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n what_o urine_n be_v most_o perfect_a sound_a and_o healthful_a of_o all_o other_o and_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o trial_n to_o examine_v all_o other_o urine_v by_o so_o that_o the_o near_a that_o any_o urine_n be_v to_o it_o the_o better_a it_o be_v and_o the_o further_a that_o it_o decline_v from_o it_o the_o worse_a it_o be_v this_o i_o say_v shall_v be_v as_o a_o general_a rule_n which_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a in_o healthful_a man_n you_o may_v perceive_v by_o that_o i_o have_v write_v already_o and_o that_o it_o be_v also_o true_a in_o sick_a man_n hypocrates_n witness_v say_v that_o urine_n be_v best_a who_o ground_n be_v white_a due_o knit_v and_o stable_n all_o the_o time_n that_o the_o sickness_n prevail_v but_o galen_n to_o supply_v that_o that_o be_v understand_v in_o this_o say_n and_o so_o to_o make_v it_o perfect_a add_v thereto_o that_o it_o must_v be_v of_o colour_n party_n golden_a or_o pale_a and_o of_o a_o mean_a substance_n between_o thick_a and_o thin_a and_o also_o in_o these_o thing_n be_v require_v stableness_n to_o make_v it_o a_o perfect_a urine_n for_o that_o which_o be_v unstable_a in_o any_o part_n in_o that_o it_o be_v not_o perfect_a here_o be_v a_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o changeableness_n or_o unstableness_n for_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n call_v ordinary_a and_o another_o call_v unordinarie_a and_o of_o both_o these_o be_v there_o divers_a difference_n but_o because_o they_o depend_v of_o a_o exacter_n judgement_n theâ—_n unlearned_a man_n can_v well_o attain_v unto_o i_o overpass_v they_o for_o this_o time_n and_o will_v declare_v the_o other_o difference_n of_o urine_n whereby_o it_o alter_v from_o this_o mean_a urine_n in_o all_o part_n particular_o urine_n substance_n or_o urine_n and_o first_o i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o substance_n of_o urine_n the_o which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v oâ—_n three_o kind_n thick_a thin_a and_o mean_v mean_n mean_n a_o mean_a urine_n be_v that_o that_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o extreme_a thick_a and_o extreat_v thin_a and_o as_o it_o be_v mean_a between_o they_o iâ—_n substance_n so_o be_v it_o mean_v in_o signification_n so_o it_o do_v betoken_v of_o itself_o only_o good_a temperance_n and_o health_n but_o the_o other_o two_o betoken_v distemperance_n and_o default_n of_o concoction_n and_o that_o diverse_o according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v noâ—_n consequent_o hear_v urine_n thin_a urine_n first_o to_o speak_v of_o thin_a urine_n either_o it_o do_v still_o â—_o continue_v thin_a as_o it_o be_v first_o make_v or_o else_o it_o do_v sheâ—ly_o wax_v thick_a and_o trouble_a that_o that_o do_v continâ—_n still_o thin_a do_v betoken_v lack_n of_o concoction_n and_o so_o doâ—_n the_o other_o also_o but_o yet_o this_o that_o continue_v thin_a beâ—keneth_v more_o lack_n of_o conoction_n for_o it_o betokeneâ—_n that_o nature_n have_v not_o yet_o begin_v to_o concoct_v aâ—_n therefore_o be_v that_o water_n a_o sign_n of_o extreme_a crudâ—_n or_o rawness_n in_o nature_n but_o that_o that_o wax_v thick_a it_o begin_v to_o cool_v though_o it_o betoken_v lack_n of_o concoction_n yet_o do_v it_o declare_v that_o nature_n have_v begin_v to_o concoct_v already_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v a_o evil_a urine_n for_o it_o signify_v that_o nature_n have_v need_v not_o only_o of_o great_a strength_n to_o perform_v that_o concoction_n which_o she_o have_v begin_v but_o also_o that_o there_o be_v require_v long_a time_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o for_o the_o which_o cause_n galen_n call_v this_o of_o all_o urine_v the_o worst_a thus_o have_v you_o hear_v touch_v crudity_n and_o concoction_n what_o thin_a urine_n do_v signify_v so_o that_o all_o thin_a urine_n betoken_v crudity_n and_o beside_o that_o do_v further_a betoken_v as_o witness_v hypocrates_n gather_n or_o apostumation_n in_o the_o nether_a part_n of_o the_o body_n namely_o if_o it_o continue_v so_o very_o long_o and_o the_o patient_a escape_n death_n white_a thin_a and_o white_a furthermore_o if_o such_o thin_a urine_n have_v with_o it_o a_o light_a whiteness_n it_o be_v a_o very_a evil_a sign_n for_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o burn_a ague_n it_o be_v a_o token_n of_o frensine_n but_o if_o the_o patient_a be_v fransick_a already_o and_o the_o urine_n do_v so_o continue_v it_o do_v most_o common_o betoken_v death_n and_o if_o he_o escape_v death_n the_o which_o be_v seldom_o see_v then_o shall_v he_o be_v long_o sick_a and_o escape_v hardly_o thin_a urine_n also_o betoken_v divers_a other_o thing_n as_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o reins_o and_o of_o the_o water_n vein_n and_o likewise_o if_o a_o man_n have_v have_v much_o bleed_a or_o lax_n or_o piss_v his_o urine_n will_v be_v white_a and_o thin_a and_o almost_o without_o ground_n like_o manner_n in_o old_a age_n and_o long_a weakness_n of_o sickness_n also_o in_o young_a child_n if_o it_o continue_v long_o it_o be_v a_o deadly_a sign_n yet_o thin_a urine_n do_v sometime_o betoken_v the_o end_n of_o sickness_n and_o recovery_n of_o health_n as_o in_o ague_n namely_o quotidian_n if_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o they_o and_o so_o after_o the_o urine_n do_v appear_v thick_a and_o trouble_a and_o especial_o if_o the_o colour_n amend_v therewith_o â—axen_a thin_a and_o â—axen_a and_o if_o it_o be_v thin_a in_o substance_n and_o of_o flaxen_a colour_n then_o be_v it_o better_o than_o thin_a and_o white_a for_o because_o the_o colour_n be_v better_a think_v the_o substance_n be_v all_o one_o so_o that_o think_v it_o betoken_v some_o weakness_n and_o lack_n of_o concoction_n yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o do_v the_o other_o for_o the_o colour_n be_v mean_o concoct_v that_o be_v to_o say_v natural_a heat_n be_v mean_o increase_v golden_a thin_a and_o golden_a but_o if_o it_o be_v thin_a and_o golden_a it_o
all_o â—ther_n sign_n be_v good_a saffron_n pale_a light_a saffron_n pale_a and_o light_a saffron_n as_o you_o have_v heaâ—_n before_o be_v the_o best_a colour_n and_o most_o temperate_a which_o betoken_v exact_v concoction_n saffron_n golden_a saffron_n but_o golden_a and_o saffron_a colour_n declare_v excess_n of_o heat_n oily_a claret_n red_a crimson_a purple_n green_a oily_a claret_n be_v next_o and_o then_o red_a after_o it_o crimson_a and_o then_o purple_a then_o green_a and_o lâ—_n of_o they_o be_v oily_a urine_n which_o as_o they_o go_v in_o oâ—der_n so_o they_o declare_v great_a and_o great_a heâ—_n with_o increase_n not_o only_o of_o the_o quality_n bâ—_n also_o of_o the_o matter_n contain_v the_o same_o ash-colour_n blue_n ash-colour_n but_o now_o of_o the_o other_o side_n blue_a urine_n anâ—_n ash_n colour_n be_v token_n of_o excessive_a cold_a sometime_o with_o matter_n and_o sometime_o with_o out_o and_o so_o likewise_o of_o black_a urine_n howbeit_o it_o come_v sometime_o of_o excess_n of_o heat_n but_o how_o you_o may_v know_v the_o difference_n both_o of_o it_o and_o all_o the_o other_o now_o will_v i_o show_v in_o order_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o signification_n white_a white_a white_a urine_n if_o it_o come_v in_o great_a quantity_n in_o a_o whole_a man_n it_o betoken_v much_o drink_n of_o thin_a wine_n but_o if_o it_o be_v mean_a in_o quantity_n with_o a_o due_a ground_n it_o declare_v cold_a distemperance_n of_o the_o liver_n the_o urine_n do_v appear_v white_a with_o a_o dis-form_n and_o unconcocted_a ground_n in_o they_o that_o have_v the_o dropsy_n but_o in_o old_a man_n white_a â—rine_n be_v no_o great_a evil_a sign_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o that_o i_o say_v before_o of_o age_n how_o â—hey_n alter_v urine_n but_o in_o young_a man_n and_o such_o â—s_n be_v of_o fresh_a age_n it_o be_v a_o worse_a sign_n and_o special_o if_o it_o have_v either_o no_o content_n or_o else_o evil_a content_n and_o if_o urine_n continue_v â—ong_a time_n white_a without_o change_v it_o betoken_v painful_a beat_n of_o the_o head_n dasel_v of_o the_o eye_n and_o giddiness_n and_o also_o the_o falâ—ing_a evil_n lothsomness_n of_o good_a meat_n and_o â—usting_v sometime_o after_o evil_a meat_n greedy_a hunger_n pain_n in_o limb_n and_o painful_a move_n of_o the_o sinew_n and_o divers_a grief_n of_o the_o head_n and_o reins_n and_o also_o pain_n in_o the_o fundament_n and_o great_a weakness_n by_o sickness_n for_o all_o these_o do_v follow_v continual_o lack_v of_o concoction_n either_o cold_a or_o stop_v of_o the_o urine_n and_o conduct_n or_o transpose_v of_o the_o humour_n but_o the_o difference_n of_o these_o can_v easy_o be_v know_v of_o every_o man_n yet_o such_o as_o be_v learned_a may_v gather_v certain_a distinction_n of_o they_o by_o the_o accident_n which_o follow_v disease_n gray_a milk_n white_a hornwhite_a gray_a dark_a white_a colour_n as_o milk_v white_a white_z white_a like_o horn_n and_o grey_a if_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o ague_n and_o in_o the_o increase_n of_o they_o they_o do_v betoken_v much_o pain_n but_o in_o the_o decrease_n of_o ague_n they_o declare_v he_o especial_o if_o it_o come_v plentiful_o flaxen_a pale_a flaxen_a pale_a urine_n and_o flaxen_a do_v not_o light_o pear_n in_o ague_n except_o they_o be_v easy_a agâ—_n and_o short_a as_o those_o which_o continue_v but_o day_n but_o if_o that_o it_o do_v follow_v after_o buâ—_n ague_n it_o declare_v that_o they_o be_v full_o dive_v saffron_n pale_a saffron_n as_o for_o pale_a and_o light_a saffron_n they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d i_o say_v before_o the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a â—lours_n namely_o in_o young_a man_n and_o fâ—_n youth_n but_o in_o old_a man_n woman_n and_o childâ—_n who_o urine_n as_o i_o have_v say_v decline_v â—ward_o white_a and_o pale_a it_o do_v betoken_v tâ—_n their_o body_n be_v too_o hot_a either_o by_o â—_z their_o diet_n or_o else_o of_o their_o exercise_n buâ—_n as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v but_o mean_a excess_n it_o declareâ—_n but_o small_a grief_n colour_n golden_a saffron_n colour_n golden_a and_o saffron_a colour_a urine_n if_o be_v either_o somewhat_o thin_a or_o very_o thick_a â—ther_o it_o have_v no_o ground_n or_o else_o very_a few_o aâ—_n dark_a content_n but_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v thâ—_n golden_a urine_n declare_v excess_n of_o heat_n aâ—_n matter_n also_o by_o reason_n of_o meat_n sharp_a medicine_n chafe_v of_o the_o blood_n through_o angeâ—_n heat_n of_o the_o bowel_n or_o else_o heat_n of_o the_o timâ—_n of_o the_o year_n but_o saffron_a colour_n appear_v rather_o witâ—_n default_n of_o matter_n through_o some_o affection_n oâ—_n the_o mind_n watch_v heat_n of_o the_o sun_n labour_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o increase_v thin_a and_o yellow_a choler_n and_o diminish_v natural_a heat_n â—o_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o colour_n be_v choler_n itself_o increase_v either_o in_o quantity_n or_o else_o in_o quality_n but_o in_o old_a man_n and_o woman_n and_o â—uch_v other_o there_o be_v some_o great_a cause_n that_o occasion_v it_o for_o it_o signify_v a_o ague_n come_v of_o saffron_o choler_n disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n after_o which_o there_o follow_v common_o giddiness_n headache_n bitterness_n of_o â—he_n mouth_n lothsomeness_n of_o meat_n thirstiness_n also_o in_o young_a man_n such_o urine_n be_v cause_v through_o much_o exercise_n and_o use_v of_o hot_a meat_n of_o claret_n and_o red_a urine_n urine_n claret_n urine_n claret_n and_o red_a urine_n be_v colour_v either_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o red_a choler_n or_o else_o of_o the_o corruption_n of_o blood_n such_o urine_n oftentimes_o go_v before_o ague_n for_o when_o the_o blood_n do_v so_o abound_v that_o it_o can_v be_v due_o labour_v nor_o can_v take_v no_o air_n there_o be_v engender_v a_o certain_a corruption_n which_o as_o it_o be_v red_a of_o colour_n itself_o so_o it_o cause_v the_o urine_n to_o be_v red_a in_o colour_n if_o it_o be_v much_o else_o it_o make_v only_a claret_n colour_n but_o if_o it_o be_v exact_a red_a like_o grain_n it_o betoken_v that_o blood_n issue_v into_o it_o out_o of_o some_o vein_n nigh_o to_o the_o reins_o which_o either_o be_v break_v or_o other_o way_n open_v but_o how_o it_o may_v be_v know_v frâ—_n whence_o it_o come_v and_o how_o there_o be_v â—ny_a mean_n to_o search_v but_o because_o they_o areâ—_n light_a to_o perceive_v i_o will_v reserve_v they_o for_o pâ—sicians_n that_o be_v learned_a this_o colour_n oâ—_n self_n be_v no_o great_a evil_a sign_n namely_o in_o yoâ—_n man_n for_o it_o betoken_v excess_n of_o blood_n whâ—_n may_v well_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o but_o in_o old_a mâ—_n it_o be_v a_o very_a evil_a sign_n for_o it_o betoken_v â—ther_o long_a sickness_n or_o else_o death_n since_o naâ—_n be_v so_o weak_a that_o it_o can_v keep_v in_o her_o natuâ—_n humour_n and_o if_o that_o red_a colour_n comeâ—_n red_a choler_n as_o it_o do_v in_o young_a man_n for_o 〈◊〉_d most_o part_n and_o not_o of_o blood_n which_o thing_n learned_a physician_n may_v conjecture_v partly_o 〈◊〉_d the_o former_a diet_n and_o other_o sign_n more_o tâ—_n accident_n shall_v be_v the_o more_o troublous_a howbeit_o yet_o not_o so_o evil_a as_o when_o it_o come_v 〈◊〉_d saffron_n or_o golden_a choler_n for_o this_o cause_n great_a thirst_n and_o more_o troublous_a sleep_n thâ—_n the_o other_o of_o crimson_a colour_n colour_n crimson_a colour_n crimson_a colour_n be_v a_o token_n that_o the_o gooâ—_n humour_n of_o the_o body_n be_v burn_v anâ—_n turn_v into_o red_a or_o black_a choler_n which_o cauâ—_n worse_a grief_n than_o the_o other_o howbeit_o if_o 〈◊〉_d have_v a_o good_a ground_n the_o grief_n be_v the_o more_o moderate_a but_o if_o it_o have_v either_o no_o content_n for_o a_o space_n or_o else_o evil_a content_n and_o the_o urine_n appear_v like_o a_o thick_a mist_n but_o somewhat_o glister_a light_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o nature_n need_v such_o strength_n to_o recover_v herself_o to_o her_o own_o state_n notwithstanding_o such_o urine_n be_v cause_v sometime_o in_o whole_a folk_n by_o reason_n of_o much_o labour_n and_o long_o journey_v and_o then_o it_o have_v some_o good_a sign_n therewith_o but_o in_o they_o that_o have_v a_o sharp_a ague_n such_o crimson_a colour_n of_o urine_n do_v betoken_v that_o corrupt_a blood_n do_v abound_v and_o that_o it_o do_v putrify_v and_o turn_v into_o choler_n and_o common_o they_o that_o make_v such_o urine_n do_v thirst_n much_o and_o be_v dry_a in_o their_o mouth_n and_o be_v trouble_v in_o their_o sleep_n and_o feel_v sharp_a ague_n and_o be_v half_o distract_v and_o feel_v pain_n of_o the_o liver_n with_o cough_v howbeit_o yet_o these_o sign_n may_v be_v sometime_o as_o well_o good_a as_o bad_a according_a as_o the_o colour_n do_v change_v to_o better_a or_o worse_o of_o purple_a colour_n
contrary_a way_n and_o of_o contrary_a cause_n come_v small_a quantity_n of_o urine_n for_o it_o come_v sometime_o of_o lack_n of_o drink_n or_o dry_a meat_n and_o then_o be_v the_o colour_n light_a saffron_n with_o a_o small_a ground_n but_o yet_o somewhat_o gross_a also_o both_o meat_n and_o medicine_n that_o be_v clammy_a and_o apt_a to_o stop_v the_o water-pipe_n do_v cause_n little_a urine_n but_o then_o be_v the_o ground_n also_o little_a and_o thin_a beside_o these_o much_o siege_n cause_v urine_n to_o be_v lesser_a for_o if_o the_o one_o excrement_n be_v great_a than_o nature_n will_v the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v less_o if_o the_o body_n be_v healthful_a in_o this_o urine_n as_o you_o may_v partly_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o excessive_a siege_n so_o will_v the_o urine_n itself_o be_v thin_a and_o the_o ground_n very_o dark_a thin_a and_o not_o due_o knit_v and_o thâ—_n many_o way_n may_v this_o alteration_n appear_v in_o healthful_a body_n body_n much_o urine_n in_o a_o sick_a body_n now_o in_o a_o sick_a person_n much_o urine_n either_o betoken_v the_o dropsy_n and_o then_o be_v it_o like_o water_n with_o a_o raw_a and_o diverse_a ground_n or_o else_o if_o it_o be_v white_a thin_a and_o without_o ground_n then_o do_v it_o betoken_v the_o pissing_a â—vill_n and_o this_o urine_n as_o witness_v galenâ—_n â—_z in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o judicial_n be_v the_o worst_a â—_o any_o other_o of_o like_a sort_n diabete_a diabete_a i_o mean_v which_o declare_v lack_v of_o concoction_n for_o it_o declare_v the_o decay_n yea_o i_o may_v say_v the_o utter_a extinction_n of_o twâ—_n natural_a power_n that_o be_v the_o retentive_a power_n and_o the_o alterative_a power_n also_o much_o urine_n in_o colour_n fiery_a and_o light_a saffron_n or_o of_o any_o like_a colour_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v namely_o if_o it_o be_v couple_v with_o evil_a content_n but_o if_o it_o be_v of_o crimson_a or_o purple_a colour_n and_o so_o proceed_v especial_o if_o no_o concoction_n go_v before_o it_o then_o do_v it_o incline_v to_o evil_a and_o betoken_v a_o certain_a mortify_n and_o waste_v of_o the_o whole_a composition_n of_o the_o body_n but_o if_o much_o urine_n come_v in_o a_o ague_n namely_o towards_o the_o end_n and_o that_o there_o go_v before_o it_o little_a urine_n thick_a and_o ruddy_a then_o be_v that_o a_o good_a token_n 69._o 4._o aph_n 69._o as_o witness_v hypocrates_n for_o it_o betoken_v the_o ague_n to_o be_v at_o a_o end_n and_o this_o urine_n will_v be_v white_a and_o thin_a moderate_o and_o will_v have_v a_o mean_a ground_n body_n little_a urine_n in_o a_o sick_a body_n now_o little_a quantity_n of_o urine_n with_o a_o gross_a ground_n undue_o knit_v and_o unconcoct_v be_v a_o evil_a token_n for_o it_o betoken_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o alterative_a power_n which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o extenuate_v concoct_v neither_o alter_v the_o matter_n and_o therefore_o do_v it_o with_o much_o difficulty_n pass_v forth_o in_o such_o grossness_n howbeit_o if_o there_o follow_v after_o it_o a_o more_o thin_a urine_n with_o the_o ground_n well_o and_o due_o knit_v and_o stable_n then_o be_v it_o without_o fear_n for_o this_o latter_a urine_n as_o you_o hear_v before_o be_v a_o token_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o other_o be_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v this_o little_a quantity_n of_o urine_n come_v sometime_o in_o vehement_a ague_n and_o then_o be_v the_o violent_a heat_n cause_n thereof_o sometime_o also_o it_o come_v of_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o water-pipe_n not_o only_o through_o clammy_a meat_n and_o drink_n but_o also_o of_o some_o disease_n or_o grief_n in_o they_o and_o this_o now_o shall_v suffice_v for_o a_o introduction_n as_o touch_v the_o substance_n colour_n and_o quantity_n of_o urine_n content_n content_n it_o follow_v next_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o content_n which_o so_o great_o help_v to_o the_o right_a judgement_n of_o urine_n that_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o prognostication_n do_v by_o they_o only_o yea_o and_o that_o by_o one_o of_o they_o i_o mean_v the_o ground_n pronounce_v the_o judgement_n of_o a_o perfect_a urine_n say_v that_o that_o be_v the_o best_a urine_n sediment_n sediment_n which_o have_v his_o sediment_n or_o ground_n white_z due_o knit_v and_o stable_n and_o that_o continual_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sickness_n now_o see_v this_o great_a clerk_n and_o father_n of_o physic_n do_v thus_o esteem_v the_o ground_n it_o shall_v not_o seem_v unmeet_a that_o i_o orderly_o do_v write_v brief_o of_o those_o principal_a thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o touch_v the_o content_n and_o first_o of_o all_o of_o the_o ground_n which_o have_v alteration_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v both_o in_o substance_n colour_n and_o quantity_n but_o now_o as_o touch_v the_o substance_n then_o be_v it_o only_o mean_a when_o the_o three_o concoction_n in_o the_o vein_n be_v perfect_a for_o the_o ground_n be_v the_o excrement_n as_o you_o may_v say_v of_o that_o three_o concoction_n and_o be_v like_a in_o form_n to_o matter_n save_v that_o it_o be_v more_o due_o knit_v together_o then_o be_v matter_n and_o do_v not_o smell_v so_o evil_a as_o it_o or_o else_o you_o may_v liken_v it_o to_o thin_a steam_n ground_n gross_a ground_n this_o ground_n be_v then_o gross_a when_o the_o vein_n be_v replenish_v with_o raw_a humour_n howbeit_o this_o grosseness_n or_o thickness_n be_v not_o always_o a_o evil_a token_n for_o sometime_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o nature_n have_v prevail_v against_o the_o crude_a humour_n which_o cause_v disease_n and_o do_v expel_v such_o superfluous_a excrement_n and_o that_o shall_v you_o discern_v by_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o colour_n and_o also_o if_o it_o come_v in_o the_o decline_a of_o the_o sickness_n for_o if_o it_o come_v at_o the_o beginning_n either_o in_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o sickness_n then_o be_v they_o to_o be_v suspect_v as_o evil_a especial_o if_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o evil_a colour_n ground_n thin_a ground_n a_o thin_a ground_n be_v also_o pure_a and_o so_o cleave_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o urinal_n that_o it_o will_v not_o light_o rise_v though_o the_o urinal_n be_v shake_v it_o be_v a_o token_n of_o great_a weakness_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o three_o concoction_n and_o such_o a_o ground_n appear_v most_o in_o white_a and_o watery_a urine_n howbeit_o sometime_o a_o thin_a ground_n come_v by_o the_o reason_n that_o the_o raw_a humour_n be_v extenuate_v through_o natural_a heat_n which_o get_v new_a strength_n do_v extenuate_v and_o disperse_v all_o grossness_n of_o raw_a humour_n within_o the_o vein_n for_o the_o property_n of_o heat_n be_v to_o knit_v and_o bind_v together_o thin_a thing_n and_o to_o extenuate_v and_o disperse_v gross_a and_o raw_a thing_n grounâ—_n colour_n of_o the_o grounâ—_n now_o as_o touch_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o perfect_a ground_n be_v neither_o exceed_v white_a neither_o yet_o pale_a but_o mean_v between_o both_o for_o if_o there_o appear_v any_o such_o excessive_a white_a then_o be_v it_o some_o rag_n of_o phlegmatic_a matter_n or_o else_o matter_n extreme_o concoct_v which_o come_v from_o some_o inward_a member_n be_v sore_o and_o that_o you_o may_v discern_v as_o i_o say_v before_o by_o the_o toughness_n and_o by_o the_o savour_n and_o if_o any_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o know_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o ground_n be_v white_a of_o colour_n let_v he_o remember_v that_o the_o ground_n be_v the_o superfluous_a excrement_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v perfect_o concoct_v in_o the_o vein_n now_o that_o the_o blood_n itself_o when_o it_o be_v exact_o concoct_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o white_a or_o at_o least_o a_o party_n white_a colour_n you_o may_v conjecture_v by_o the_o generation_n of_o milk_n and_o also_o the_o seed_n of_o man_n yea_o and_o of_o matter_n which_o all_o three_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o blood_n exact_o concoct_v save_o that_o matter_n come_v of_o evil_a blood_n flaxen_a pale_a flaxen_a and_o therefore_o whensoever_o the_o ground_n have_v in_o it_o any_o other_o colour_n then_o white_a it_o be_v no_o good_a token_n as_o first_o if_o it_o be_v pale_a and_o flaxen_a colour_a than_o it_o be_v swarve_v from_o his_o right_n and_o commendable_a colour_n howbeit_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v bear_v as_o but_o mean_o evil_a because_o that_o that_o colour_n come_v of_o small_a excess_n of_o choler_n actuarius_n saffron_n actuarius_n but_o if_o it_o be_v more_o high_o colour_v by_o choler_n so_o that_o it_o be_v saffron_a colour_a then_o be_v it_o a_o evil_a token_n as_o actuarius_n say_v for_o it_o declare_v that_o choler_n be_v excessive_o increase_v either_o by_o the_o order_n of_o diet_n or_o else_o by_o the_o corruption_n of_o blood_n or_o some_o other_o way_n 32._o 7._o aph._n
be_v like_o bran_n there_o be_v one_o sort_n small_a and_o another_o grosser_n the_o small_a sort_n be_v like_o the_o bran_n of_o wheat_n that_o be_v fine_o ground_n and_o those_o may_v i_o call_v fine_a bran_n the_o grosser_n be_v like_o bran_n of_o barley_n or_o of_o evil_a ground_n wheat_n and_o may_v therefore_o be_v call_v gross_a bran_n bran_n fine_a bran_n gross_a bran_n for_o it_o be_v thrice_o as_o big_a as_o the_o other_o scales_n scales_n the_o three_o sort_n which_o be_v like_a scale_n have_v no_o notable_a thickness_n but_o only_a breadth_n and_o length_n these_o three_o do_v betoken_v waste_n of_o the_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o body_n but_o yet_o not_o all_o alike_o as_o hypocrates_n do_v declare_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o prognostic_n howbeit_o because_o that_o place_n of_o hypocrates_n be_v so_o difficult_a that_o scarce_o the_o great_a learned_a man_n can_v agree_v thereon_o i_o will_v not_o now_o meddle_v therewith_o but_o will_v write_v actuarius_n mind_n of_o those_o three_o bran_n fine_a bran_n when_o the_o ague_n say_v he_o be_v ground_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vein_n than_o there_o appear_v such_o fine_a bran_n howbeit_o sometime_o it_o be_v a_o token_n of_o the_o only_a grief_n of_o the_o bladder_n be_v scab_v as_o witness_v hypocrates_n 4._o aphor._n 77._o but_o than_o have_v the_o patient_n no_o ague_n and_o again_o there_o do_v appear_v token_n of_o concoction_n in_o the_o urine_n but_o when_o it_o come_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o the_o ague_n get_v power_n and_o prevail_v unto_o the_o hard_a part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o in_o those_o ague_n which_o be_v call_v fever_n hectike_a then_o in_o the_o strive_n between_o those_o part_n and_o the_o ague_n the_o ague_n have_v the_o mastery_n do_v by_o his_o violence_n raise_v of_o such_o brannie_n scurf_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n who_o operation_n the_o ague_n have_v be_v to_o work_v according_a as_o the_o matter_n be_v that_o it_o find_v either_o to_o melt_v it_o if_o it_o be_v a_o liquid_a and_o unctuous_a thing_n either_o else_o to_o scale_v it_o and_o fret_v it_o if_o it_o be_v hard_a and_o unpliant_a and_o the_o hard_a that_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o great_a scale_n it_o fret_v off_o which_o thing_n you_o may_v see_v by_o daily_a experience_n how_o fire_n melt_v wax_n and_o tallow_n and_o such_o like_a turn_v they_o into_o liquid_n whereas_o of_o iron_n and_o of_o other_o metal_n scales_n scales_n it_o make_v scale_n and_o not_o liquor_n but_o when_o the_o ague_n have_v attain_v and_o overset_v not_o only_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o vein_n but_o also_o the_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o do_v melt_v and_o waste_v they_o than_o do_v there_o appear_v in_o the_o urine_n scale_n broad_a and_o thin_a which_o you_o shall_v know_v to_o come_v 〈◊〉_d the_o whole_a body_n as_o i_o say_v of_o the_o other_o before_o if_o the_o patient_a have_v a_o ague_n or_o theâ—_n appear_v default_n of_o concoction_n in_o the_o urine_n â—_o else_o if_o these_o two_o be_v absent_a it_o may_v come_v oâ—_n the_o blister_n of_o the_o bladder_n as_o hippocrateâ—_n write_v 4._o aphor._n 81._o and_o namely_o if_o therâ—_n be_v in_o the_o urine_n a_o evil_a savour_n withal_o bran_n gross_a bran_n now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a and_o gross_a bran_n which_o as_o it_o be_v much_o great_a than_o the_o other_o so_o do_v it_o declare_v a_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o ague_n and_o that_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o enflame_v and_o burn_v the_o whole_a substance_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o be_v it_o not_o only_o the_o worst_a of_o they_o all_o but_o be_v nigh_o unto_o a_o deadly_a sign_n note_n note_n and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o waste_n and_o consume_a of_o the_o great_a and_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o body_n or_o else_o by_o the_o burn_a or_o dry_v up_o of_o the_o blood_n which_o two_o thing_n you_o may_v discern_v asunder_o by_o the_o colour_n of_o they_o for_o if_o they_o be_v red_a then_o come_v they_o of_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o blood_n but_o if_o they_o be_v white_a then_o come_v they_o of_o the_o waist_n of_o the_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o body_n 31._o hippoc._n 7._o aphor._n 31._o of_o this_o kind_n of_o content_n speak_v hypocrates_n say_v in_o whatsoever_o ague_n there_o do_v appear_v ground_n like_a unto_o gross_a bran_n it_o be_v a_o token_n that_o the_o sickness_n shall_v continue_v long_o which_o say_v galen_n do_v understand_v so_o to_o be_v true_a if_o the_o patient_n have_v sufficient_a strength_n to_o continue_v with_o such_o sickness_n else_o it_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n rather_o of_o short_a life_n then_o of_o long_a sickness_n for_o as_o that_o token_n be_v common_o deadly_a so_o those_o few_o that_o do_v escape_v do_v recover_v hardly_o and_o not_o without_o the_o long_a sufferance_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o that_o cruel_a ague_n now_o as_o touch_v the_o foreknowledge_n of_o it_o whether_o the_o patient_a may_v endure_v with_o it_o or_o no_o that_o shall_v you_o gather_v of_o the_o multitude_n order_n and_o stableness_n or_o unstableness_n of_o it_o for_o if_o they_o be_v many_o in_o number_n and_o proceed_v to_o worse_o and_o worse_o than_o it_o be_v a_o evil_a and_o mortal_a sign_n and_o do_v declare_v that_o nature_n be_v weary_v and_o do_v quite_o faint_a through_o the_o waste_n and_o decay_v of_o the_o whole_a constitution_n of_o the_o body_n but_o contrariwise_o if_o they_o appear_v few_o and_o do_v alter_v continual_o unto_o less_o evil_a token_n then_o be_v there_o good_a hope_n of_o health_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v as_o touch_v these_o scrap_n ragged_a scrap_n now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ragged_a scrap_n hair_n and_o other_o like_a first_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o sometime_o a_o good_a ground_n be_v couple_v with_o certain_a evil_n and_o unconcted_a fragment_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o humour_n for_o sometime_o there_o appear_v with_o the_o content_n certain_a ragged_a scrap_n incline_v in_o colour_n towards_o a_o yellow_a or_o a_o white_a â—_o else_o some_o such_o like_a if_o those_o appear_v in_o greâ—_n quantity_n they_o declare_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v haâ—_n unconcoct_v and_o that_o the_o humour_n who_o scrap_n they_o be_v do_v abound_v in_o the_o depth_n â—_o the_o body_n and_o be_v as_o dust_n or_o burn_v but_o if_o theâ—_n be_v few_o then_o declare_v they_o the_o malice_n â—_o the_o humour_n to_o be_v mild_a and_o that_o the_o â—_o of_o evil_a meat_n do_v cause_v they_o the_o greatâ—_n that_o such_o ragged_a scrap_n be_v the_o lesser_a aduâ—on_n of_o humour_n they_o declare_v to_o be_v in_o tâ—_n vein_n and_o the_o lesser_a they_o be_v the_o great_a he_o they_o do_v betoken_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o sucâ—_n ragged_a scrap_n be_v excessive_a heat_n which_o do_v turn_v those_o humour_n into_o a_o thickness_n and_o as_o â—_o be_v a_o bony_a nature_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o haâ—_n remain_v long_o in_o certain_a vein_n and_o weâ—_n neither_o dissolve_v nor_o extenuate_v nor_o yeâ—_n quick_o expel_v by_o urine_n hair_n hair_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v hair_n of_o sundrâ—_n length_n some_o a_o inch_n and_o some_o a_o handful_n long_o some_o long_a and_o some_o short_a anâ—_n these_o be_v in_o colour_n white_o and_o do_v betoken_v grief_n of_o the_o reins_o these_o be_v engender_v in_o thâ—_n water-pipe_n which_o go_v from_o the_o reins_o tâ—_n the_o bladder_n so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o those_o water-pipe_n be_v in_o length_n so_o long_o may_v those_o hair_n also_o be_v which_o be_v a_o gross_a and_o bake_a humour_n wrought_v in_o form_n of_o a_o hair_n of_o those_o speak_v hypocrates_n say_v 76._o 4._o aph._n 76._o in_o who_o urine_n soever_o there_o do_v appear_v little_a piece_n of_o flesh_n either_o as_o it_o be_v hair_n those_o same_o come_v from_o the_o reins_o namely_o if_o the_o urine_n be_v thick_a howbeit_o these_o be_v sometime_o see_v in_o such_o man_n urine_n as_o feel_v no_o grief_n in_o the_o reins_n but_o only_o have_v feed_v some_o continue_a space_n on_o phlegmatic_a meat_n which_o will_v prepare_v matter_n to_o such_o disease_n as_o they_o do_v also_o to_o many_o other_o grief_n of_o which_o to_o speak_v in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v meet_v but_o to_o go_v on_o with_o this_o thing_n that_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n beside_o such_o ragged_a scrap_n and_o hair_n as_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o there_o appear_v sometime_o in_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o urine_n and_o also_o disparkled_n abroad_o in_o the_o urine_n itself_o sundry_a and_o divers_a kind_n of_o mote_n as_o it_o be_v which_o do_v declare_v that_o there_o be_v grief_n disperse_v in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o body_n motes_n motes_n region_n the_o place_n of_o