c. at Court the charge of new Honours and Offices p. 88 The charge of Educating the Sons of Noble Persons c. in Foreign Vniversities and Inns of Court p. 87 The whole Charge of Ireland in the several Branches computed to nine hundred and thirteen thousand four hundred sixty five pounds four shillings per annum And amounts to for the period of 15 years to thirteen millions five hundred and twelve thousand six hundred and sixty pounds thirteen shillings and ten pence THE CONTENTS OF THE SECOND PART CHAP. I. OF Banks and Corporation-Trade the several kinds of Banks p. 1 2. Land or dry Banks most suitable for Ireland p. 3. Ireland's great damage by Insolvent Bankers p. 4. The Method of this dry Bank p. 5. Holland and Venice c. raised themselves by Banks and Company Trade p. 6. The Constitution of the Dutch East-India Company p. 7. The benefit of the Bankers by their joint Stock in Trade p. 8. The Royal Countenance necessary to secure the Credit of the Bank p. 9. The benefit of this Bank-Credit to a Countrey in General p. 10. It will lower Interest ibid. Lower Exchange p. 11. Propagate Manufactures p. 11. Banks will inable Trades-men with small Stocks to manage great Trades p. 12. Secure the Peace as well as increase the Wealth of Ireland p. 12. Banks c. will rescue our Trade out of the hands of Foreigners p. 13. Banks c. will increase our Shipping and promote the Fishing Trade ibid. Bank Security more safe more ready and less troublesome than any other Specialty p. 14. Banks a great conveniency 1. To Gentlemen possessing Estates in several parts of the Kingdom securely to return their rent c. p. 15. A great encouragement to young Merchants with small Stocks ibid. To Clothiers Tanners Chandlers c. where Markets fail p. 16. To persons surprised by Judgments before they can raise Money ibid. A great conveniency to the Nobility and Gentry ibid. To the poor and needy p. 17 The Hans-Towns of Germany raised their Trade by Banks ibid. The great Trade of the Guild of the Hance in the Stillyards in London erected and managed by Banks p. 18 England Ireland's best example which was as low in Trade as Ireland is now till improved by Banks ibid. The Kings and Parliaments of England have encouraged and augmented their Trade by countenancing the old and erecting new Corporations of Trade p. 19 No Expedient but this one can promote the Trade of Ireland p. 20 Corporation-Trade opposed in England by whom and with what success p. 21 22 By Company-Trade the English and Dutch c. have diverted the Trade of Venice c. and sell Persian and Indian Commodities where they used to buy p. 22 25 The Indies unknown until Company-Trade discovered them p. 23 England and Holland obtain'd their great Trade and their true Religion together by sheltering persecuted Christians ibid. Spanish c. Inquisitions a persecution drove away their Trade ibid. When the Dutch and English sent their first Fleets to the East-Indies p. 24 27 Corporation-Trade hath enrich'd all places of its residence p. 25 26 When England prohibited the Transportation of Wools and Importing foreign Cloath p. 25 The Original and great Wealth of the East-India Company at London p. 27 His present Majesty hath Confirmed the Companies He Founded and Erected the Affrican c. Honoured it with Royal and Noble Members and Dignities p. 28 The inconveniency of a confused Trade in the hands of particular Merchants to themselves and the Countrey p. 29 30 The Authors Experience of it in Tallow and Wools c. p. 31 32 Why though England c. divides their Trade into several Companies Ireland should have but one p. 33 Why the ancient Guild of the Hance after above 300 years flourishing was dispriviledg'd p. 33 34. The Solvency of Bank-Security p. 35 36 37. The method of managing the Bank p. 37 38 To place the Authority of the Bank c. by Act of State on the Statute Staple until a Parliament meet p. 39 46 The only Expedient to prevent the Transportation of our Wools p. 39 40 41 42 The Original of the Guild of the Hance very ancient p. 43 The great benefit the Kings of England made of the Staple and how it was mov'd from place to place and striven for by all places p. 44 45 CHAP. II. The Interest of England to promote the Prosperity of the English Interest of Ireland 1 ARgued from the different Constitution of Ireland now to what it was before the last Rebellion p. 1. The English the greatest Proprietors of Land and chiefly inhabiting Cities and Wall-Towns p. 48 The last Act of Settlement differs from all former Royal Grants in several considerable particulars to the advantage of the English Interest p. 50 Ireland under the sole Government of English Magistrates p. 51 England can in nothing so much promote the prosperity of the English Interest of Ireland as by countenancing its Trade p. 51 Englands only way to secure its self against Foreign Invasions and ruine of its Trade is to promote the Potency of the English Interest in Ireland p. 52 Englands neglect herein was the cause of the late Massacre and Rebellion p. 53 The neglect hereof hath cost England more Money c. than Ireland is worth ibid. Lord Deputy Sidney of the same opinion p. 54 Neglecting Trade and Manufacturie the cause of the degenerating of the English and why p. 55 Multitudes of Irish Papists are now English Protestants p. 55 56 58 Mr. Spencers and Heilins opinion of the best way to promote the Protestant Religion in Ireland p. 56 57 Ireland now so constituted it cannot fail of an English Protestant Parliament p. 58 The names and numbers of the Corporations of Ireland sending Members to Parliament p. 59 to 63 A Catalogue of the present Peers of Ireland summon'd to Parliaments in two Columns by which may be observ'd the Protestant Peers far exceed the Papists in number and interest p. 63 to 67 A Catalogue of the Nobility of Ireland anno 1571. And another 1641. by which may be observ'd the antiquity and precedency of the present Noble Families of Ireland p. 70 to 73 It is the interest of the Irish Papists to promote the Potency of the English Interest of Ireland p. 73 Though the subduing of the many Rebellions hath cost England dear yet the Irish at last paid the reckonings p. 73 Englands ancient claim to the Sovereignty of Ireland and the Legality and Justness of their Title by Conquest p. 73 to 75 The weakness of the English Interest of Ireland the cause of the many Rebellions since they deriv'd their States and Honours from the Crown of England p. 75 The degenerate English more dangerous Rebels than the Native Irish p. d6 The Popes Instigation and Encouragement to Desmond and Thomas Fitz-Geralâ— to rebell and to root out the Protestanâ— Religion as a mad and venomous Dâ—ctrine and hellish Opinion p. 76
VII Jesuitical Principles the cause of Irelands mischiefs and miseries therefore their interest to explode them above all the Papists in the World p. 258 A brief Narrative of all the Jesuits Treasons against their English Sovereigns from Hen. 8. to this time wherein is observ'd not only the miseries in Ireland but Englands and Scotlands troubles were promoted by them p. 259 to 264 Their Oath of Confederacy in their last Plot p. 265 The pernicious influence of that Plot though disappointed 266 267 His Majesties great tenderness and indulgence towards Dissenters for 20 years past p. 267 268 Dissenters respect to the Protestant Church of Ireland as now established how far p. 269 Dissenters the most dangerous Hereticks in Ireland to Papists p. 270 The great advantage Vnity in Loyalty would be both to Papists and Protestants in Ireland p. 271 An Alphabetical Table of the principle things in the first Part. A. ADventurers and other estated Absentees drain Ireland of Cash p. 84 85. Apparel extravagant ruines a Country pag. 20 21. Apparel of Silks destructive to Ireland Apparel spruce and costly in the meaner sort many ways inconvenient besides its Charge p. 27 28. Apparel spruce and rich contemned by many wise and potent Princes p. 30 31. Ale-topers their Charge to Ireland p. 55. B. Baronets when instituted and how to be qualiffed p. 16 17. Bastards their great Charge to Ireland p. 45 46. C. Court of Wards well regulated useful to Ireland and for what p. 12 13. D. Debaucheries their Charge to Ireland p. 37. Drunkenness the grand Wealth-consuming Debauchery p. 51. It s Trade ruining and Wealth-wasting influence p. 54 to 57. Drinking to excess is as sinful in them able to bear drink as others sooner distempered p. 60. Drunkards c. are the proper Fanaticks p. 61 62. Drunkenness disdained and grievously punished by Turks and Pagans p. 63. Drunkenness the ruine of States and Armies p. 64 to 69. E. England no pattern for Ireland in Expences and why p. 22. Effeminacy attends Debauchery p. 48 49. F. France gains by their fantastick Garbs and why p. 19. G. Gentry their bad Payment to Tradesmen ruines Trade p. 10 11. Gaming its pernicious Effects p. 42 43. H. Holiness-Ceremonial crowded Holiness-real out of the Church p. 70. Honour when disgrac'd p. 14 15 Healthing the great provoker of Drunkenness p. 58 59 Its sinful p. 60 I. Ireland not setled till when p. 2 3 4 Jesuits their under ground work p. 3 L. Laws Sumptuary p 23 24 Needful in Ireland p. 26 Laws Mercanture necessary to govern Trade p. 10 Laws Common too delatory for Trade ibid. Laws against Absentees p. 86 87 M. Merchants Honourable p. 8 9 Merchants few wealthy in Ireland and why p. 7 Merchants low esteem in Ireland lowers c. Trade p. 8 Manufacturies ruined by Silk worn in Ireland p. 20 Merchants Forreigners their damage to Ireland p. 81 82 N. Nobility when ignoble are the shame and ruine of a Country p. 12 13 14. O. Oaths prophane their provoking destructive nature p. 38 39. P. Perjury its sad Effects p. 41 42. Prophane Swearing the mother of false swearing p. 40. Perjury abhorred by Pagans first tolerated by Popes p. 41. Perjury will never be esteemed a mortal sin whilst prophane swearing is esteemed venial p. 42. Pagans their cruel Laws against Adultery p. 49 50. Prophaneness of Christendome whence p. 69. Prophanenists their Faith blasphemous and fanatical if any they have p. 74 75 76. R. Rome the Fountain of all Prophaneness and Debauchery of Christendom p. 72 73. Revenue farmed to Foreigners great loss to the Country p. 80. S. Swearing prophane its sad Effects p. 38 39. Superfluities not regulated ruines a Country p. 18 19. Strumpets to be prescribed their Apparel p. 29 30. Shipping foreign a great Charge to the Country p. 83. T. Trade its Impediments p. 1 to 11. Trade Ireland not capable of till when p. 4. V. Victuals their Plenty obstructs Trade and Manufacture p. 5 6. W. Whoring its Charge and Damage to Irelands Trade and Wealth p. 44. Destructive to Kingdoms and States pag. 48 49. Wine-bibbers their Charge to Ireland p. 5. ERRATA BY mistake of the Author and mislaying of some Papers occasioned by Business which took up his time delayed the Publication of this Book there are some Errors escaped the Press which is made good by reprinting such Leaves over again or where any were left out as between p. 95. and p 96. the several pages are denoted in the Contents by p A and p B c. calling the first p. A the second B c. which the Reader is desired to mark with his Pen. And for Miss-spellings or other Literal escapes I shall leave to his courtesie to correct and only note what harms the Sense which the Reader or rather Bookseller may soon correct with his Pen. PART I. Page 20. for families read females p. 17. for Couler r. Coller PART II. Pape 29. for confine read consigne p. 57. for Minister r. Ministry p. 190. line ult for Object r. An Answer p. 234. for 1612. r. 1600. ibid. for 812. r. 800. p. H. for momentary r. momentous p. 115. for Stilling fleet 106. r. Stillingfleet 206. Advertisement to the Binder At the end of ** in the Epistle Dedicatory there wants the Direction viz. Plebeius g g the Quarter sheet in G Part 1. is to be placed after f f in Part 2. E e the first leaf to be cancelled the last leaf of F f to be cancelled the last leaf of M m to be the first of E e N n fol. 195 196 and 199 200. to be cancelled O o fol. 213 214 217 218 221 222. to be cancelled the said leaves of N n and O o being reprinted THE INTEREST OF IRELAND In its TRADE and WEALTH Stated CHAP. I. The Reasons why Ireland being so long under the Government of England whose Policies in Trade are inferior to few Countreys should yet be so little improv'd in Trade and Wealth 1. FRom the Impediments or Obstructions Ireland hath met with and is subject unto not common to other Countreys The first and chief Impediment proceeds from the unsetledness of the Countrey as to its subjection to England's Government for though they have long prosest Allegiance to England's Crown yet they have paid but a grudging partial obedience to its Scepter And upon all occasions less or more general have been attempting to draw their necks out of England's Yoke as it s briefly but fully evidenced by Sir John Davis in his Intelligent Book dedicated to King James Intituled A Discovery of the true cause why Ireland was never intirely subdued to the Crown of England and he determines until the 9th of King James Ireland was never fully setled in subjection and obedience to the English Law and Government And if we take a view of the State of Ireland since then and allow the Reign of King James and part of King Charles the First to be
had they been permitted quietly to enjoy this small part they so rightfully possest they had gone no further But instead thereof Roderick King of Connaght then sole Monarch of Ireland raiseth the whole Kingdom to drive out Mac Morrough and his Welshmen upon which he appeals to Strongbow and renewes former contracts who hasts over with about 1200 fresh Men by them wars with the Waterfordians who were in Arms against him took the City and married the Kings Daughter with an assurance of the Reversion of the Kingdom and soon after disperses his Enemies then surrendred all his Conquests to the King who came over with a new Force to secure his Interest which so terrified the Irish that all their Kings and great Lords proffered to to be tributary and swore Allegiance and had they so continued they had felt no farther damages But no sooner was the Kings back turned but they are again up in Arms to disposess the English of what they had so justly atchieved who still subdued them and gained ground of them and obtained Grants of their new Conquests until all the Irish Kings and great Lords were vanquished and their Lands c. possest by the English Victors the Heirs of Ulster and Connaght married to the Kings Subjects whose successive Heirs in process of time were married unto the Royal Family and so their Lands and Honours came Hereditary in the Crown who of right disposed of them at pleasure Now had it not been the Interest as well as the Duty of the Irish to have submitted to their first Concessions Then Dermot Mac Morrough had sustained no wrong his right Heir had enjoyed his Dominion and the rest of the Irish great Lords had enjoyed their particular Rights none pretended to disturb them until constrained in their own defence So if we take a further view of their many Insurrections and perfidious Rebellions since they held their Honours and Lands from the Crown of England it will appear they were tempted to it by the weakness of the English Interest as in times of troubles in England by the Barons Wars and Struggles betwixt the two Roses c. When the Kings of England drew over part of their Army for Ireland some taking one side and some the other which did not only weaken Englands Strength in Ireland but divided what were left into powerful Factions betwixt the great English Lords of Ireland which became the cause of the ruine of that great Family of Desmond with several others of good Rank who though degenerated from their English Civilities yet after they turned Rebels against their Prince they fell wholly off to the Interest Manners and Customs of his and their own former Irish Enemy whereby Ireland was to be new conquered and replanted for the degenerate English were more stubborn Rebels and with more difficulty subdued than the rebellious Natives for although their Minds and Manners were degenerated they had so much English Blood left in their Veins as gave them English Courage and Resolution whereby Tho. Fitz Giralds and Desmonds Rebellions became harder work to subdue than any before them they also receiving great Incouragements and Aids from the Pope and King of Spain upon the account of Religion they became obdurate the same Indulgences that were granted to the Souldiers fighting against the Turk in the holy War being sent them whereby their Consciences were not only released from their Obligations of Allegeance to their Prince but strongly engaged on the behalf of holy Church to extirpate that mad and venemous Doctrine and Hellish Opinion as the Protestant Faith was then termed in a Pamphlet then publish'd intituled A Declaration of the Divines of Salamanca and Vallidolid dispersed through Ireland by O Sullivan a Spanish Priest which with divers other practices of the Irish to shake off the English Government is rehearsed and press'd by that pious Prelate Primate Usher the Glory of the Irish Protestant Church in his elegant Speech to an Assembly of all the States of Ireland April 1627. in which he defends my Assertion that it is the Interest of the Irish to aid and support the Prosperity of the English Interest amongst them and had they had Grace to have believed him some thousands of Irish Families now utterly ruined might have been in a prosperous state And after he had minded them of their traiterous tendering the Regency of Ireland to the French King and upon his refusal to the Spaniard which was by him accepted for although Henry the fourth of France was not Apostate enough to invade his Protestant Neighbours yet Charles the fifth of Spain and his Son Philip were Papist enough to admit the Popes Donation which the Irish obtained for them Title good enough not only to claim Ireland and invade it with several Armies of Italians and Spaniards who landed at Kinsale and Kerry to their cost but also to attempt England by their supposed invincible Armado in 88. but the invincible just God did not only deliver us from their power the Sword destroying his Land Souldiers in Ireland and the Sea swallowing up his Naval Force assayling England but also from that time blasted the Counsels and Successes of that aspiring Monarch that their Fame and Potency hath ever since dwindled away Portugal and the Low Countries soon after revolted and the stately Don who then talk'd and acted as proudly as Monsieur doth now was so far from beeing able to invade his Neighbours he hath been put to his shifts to secure his Hereditary Countries and as old as I am I hope to live to see it the case of Monsieur who though now stiled the most Christian King hath declared himself the most inveterate Enemy to the most Christian Faith and Profession in the Christian World and let but the Defender of the Faith turn his Subjects loose with his Commission in their pockets they would soon covince him of it and let him know that the English Blood that inspired their Ancestors at the Battel of Agincourt c. is boyling hot in their Veins and that Charles the Second may be as dreadful to France as ever was Henry the fifth c. when he pleaseth if our God hath not given us up for our impious provocations to be a prey and a spoil as he did Israel to the Assyrians a bitter and hasty Nation But to return to my Argument that it is the Interest of the Irish Papists to further the Protestant English Interest in Ireland I shall return to my reverend Author saith he They put me in mind of the Philosophers Observations that such who have a vehement respect to a few inferiour things are easily misled to overlook many great things so saith he they have so deep a sense of their present burthen of contributing small matters towards the support of the Kings Army to secure us from foreign Invasions that they overlook all those miserable Desolations that will come upon them by a long and heavy War which the having of an
vast Trade Spain had ingrossed both in the East and West Indies and in Africa they might yet have enjoyed had not cruel de Alva by his inhumane severities forced the Dutch to cast off the Spanish iron Yoke and defend their Liberties whereby as Sir William Temple observes by the great multitudes of people crowded together in a narrow compass of Land they were necessitated to improve their Industry at Sea and after the Spaniards and Fortugals who were then the Subjects of Spain had entirely enjoyed the enriching Trade of the East Indies c. as before for almost one hundred years viz. from Anno 1498. until 1595. the Dutch sent a Fleet from Amsterdam and then in 1600. the English sent four Ships viz. the Assention the Dragon the Hector and Susan under the Command of Captain Lancaster since which by the prudent Government of that Company hath equalized the Portuguies and Dutch having erected Plantations and Factories at Ormus c. in Persia at Agria Cambasan Suraâ— c. in the Moguls Country at Man Salupan Armagon Pecana Siam on the Coast of Chormandel the Isles of Sumatra Bantam c. that now they furnish Italy and Turkie with all those Indian Commodities which about fifty years ago they bought there to the ruine of the Trade of Syria and Egypt c. who have now only an Inland Trade by Caravans from Aleppo Damasco and Mecha c. And out of the Ashes of their Barbary Company ruined by the Civil Wars of Fez arose the Levant or Turkie the most flourishing and beneficial Company now in England incorporated by King James I do but hint these things here to evidence the undoubted advantage of Company Trade insisting largely upon them in my Treatise of Traffique in the Chapter of Discoveries of new Trades And that this way of Corporation-Trade has not only greatly enlarged Trade but enriched the places of its Residence we have manifold instances the ancient Company of Merchant-Adventurers now called the Hamborough Company erected by Edward the first in 1296. was courted by the Duke of Brabant to make their Residence at Antwerpe where they first settled the English Staple and had granted to them great Priviledges and made the City flourish in Trade which being observed by that inspectious Prince Edward the third he to bring the Trade to his own Ports prohibited the Transportation of Wools and granted great encouragement to Dutch Weavers to set up their Craft in England and soon after prohibited all foreign Cloth from being transported into the Realm confirmed by Edward the Fourth who settled their Priviledges by Charter in the year 1406. which hath been confirmed and enlarged by all his Successors Queen Elizabeth for the better vending their Cloths when their Quantity exceeded home Markets gave them power under the Great Seal to treat with foreign Princes and States for places to settle the Residence of their Factors and Stores upon which all the Princes and States in Flanders Holland and Germany strove who should enjoy them and wheresoever they removed they drew a vast Trade after them their present Residence is at Dortrech for the Netherlands and Hamborough for Germany where the chief Court of their Fellowship now resides they transport all sorts of Cloths dressed and dyed Lead Tin Oyl Stockens Hats Spanish Fruits and Wines and make their returns in Linnings Rhenish Wines Mather Hops Sope Wire Copper Brass Iron Steel Quick-silver Gunpowder Flax Hemp Allom Wax c. This Company hath power by their Charter yearly to elect a Governour Deputy Governour and Assistants and to settle their Residents Courts in any parts beyond Sea and several places in England as London York Hull Newcastle c. with power of making Acts and Ordinances so as they are not repugnant to the Law of England for the better Government of their Trade likewise power to hear and decide Causes to implead sine and punish Offendors This grew to be the most flourishing Company for Trade in the world until Philip and Mary erected the Muscovy Company which soon wrested a great part of their Trade from them which were at first called the Corporation for Discovery of new Trades a Design that would well sute with the present state of Ireland whose great Priviledges were confirmed and enlarged as before by Queen Elizabeth much after the method of the other and their Trade much the same and after this studious Princess for the Improvement of the Trade and Wealth of her Country added to these she found the three other Companies beforementioned viz. the Levant or Turkie Company which made the first Discovery of that vast Trade since driven in the Signorie of Venice and the Dominions of the Grand Seignior and thereby oserved the vast Trade betwixt Aleppo and other Levant Ports with the East Indies managed by Land carriage which encouraged them to enquire into a more cheap and gainful way to obtain East India Commodities at first Hand And that produc'd that most famous Country-inriching Company called the East India Company who obtain'd a Charter for great Priviledges from the Queen and hath managed their Trade by a joint Stock reported to be 600000 l. whereby they have built and maintained a gallnt Fleet of stately Ships for War as well as Burthen imployed multitudes of people in their Plantations Ships and Factories to the great Honour and Wealth of their Country And after this in the 21. year of the Reign of that most famous Queen that is in the year 1579. did she incorporate the Eastland Company and endow them with great Priviledges and Immunities to trade in Denmark Sweden Poland Prusia and Pomerland from the River Odera Eastward And it is worth observing how small beginnings in Trade beget great increase Trade like that Grain of Mustard-seed our Saviour speaks of being cast into the ground grows up to a great tree that the Fowls of the air may lodge in the Branches of it and it is also observable if foreign Traffique did live yet it never flourished in this part of the world until it was managed by united Stocks and Policies as in the forementioned instances in our own Country besides what is of the same kind amongst all our Neighbours flourishing in Trade And as in these many examples from past times evidence that they esteemed this way of Traffique the only way to increase Trade so is their Wisdom approv'd and confirm'd by the prudent in this age His Majesty that now is hath set to his Seal that Corporation-trade is the strength of foreign Traffique by his not only confirming what his Royal Predecessors before did but also by his adding the African and Canary Companies the first not only endowed with priviledge that sounds like Princely Prerogatives as power of Peace and War raising Forts building and equipping Ships of War c. to appoint Governors to constitute Laws c. and dignified with the title of the Royal Company and well they may when His Royal Highness hath bore
a considerable standing Army and Fleet to prevent French Invasion at double the charge of preserving Ireland now and the Invader with two ordinary Squadrons of Ships one at Brest and the other at Baltimore Bantrie or any of those bold Western Harbours they would so distress the Trade of England a Ship should with much difficulty pass Southward without a great Convey but they would seize him and then possessing the Wools of Ireland they would utterly ruine the Clothing Trade of England and if nothing else can that will convince England when too late that the strength of the English Interest of Ireland is their Bulwark as to foreign Invasion of their Country and violent wresting from thence their Trade The second Reason is because Englands neglect herein hath been the cause of that intolerable charge Ireland hath cost England in preserving and recovering its Interest in Ireland in times past more than Ireland was worth to be bought and sold when Henry the second first conquered it Cambden in his Appendix to Eliz. tells us Tyrones War cost England one million one hundred ninty eight thousand seven hundred and seventeen pounds Borlacy in his History of the Rebellion of 1641. computes the Charge of England in that War unto twenty two millions one hundred ninty one thousand two hundred fifty eight pounds three shillings then compute the Charge of its first Conquest by Henry the second with the suppressing of the several Rebellions from that time unto Tyrones Rebellion 1595. to cost England but double as much as Tyrones Suppression did which if Spencer mistakes not were every seven years in the Queens time and he writ his View of Ireland in the later end of her long Reign of forty four years which were at least six Rebellions in the Queens time and it is evident by our Histories as I have noted in my Catalogue Ireland never enjoyed seven years peace together from its first Conquest to that time then Ireland hath cost England twenty four millions five hundred eighty eight thousand six hundred ninty two pounds which is near three pounds per Acre one with another for all the Land they possess in Ireland which is above double its value now and above four times its worth to purchase Anno 1172. when Henry the second conquered it and so sensible were our Predecessors hereof that in the 11th year of Queen Elizabeth Sir Henry Sidney Lord Deputy in the Preamble to the Act of Parliament for a Subsidy they thus expressed themselves to the Queen viz. Considering the infinite masses of Treasure able to purchase a Kingdom that your most noble Progenitors have exhausted for the Government Defence and Preservation of your Majesties Realm of Ireland and in the body of the said Act thus We for the Alienation of some part of your Majesties inestimable Charge do revive the said Subsidy yet after this Desmond and towards the later end of the Queens Reign Tyrone were chargeable Rebels to Ireland and that most excellent Governour of whom Campion gives this Character A man much beloved stately without disdain familiar without contempt very continent learned in many Languages a great Lover of Learning skilful in Antiquities in utterance happy c. This Noble person who had spent the most part of his Life in Ireland viz. from the third of Queen Mary to the thirteenth of Elizabeth March 25. 1571. in his most elegant Speech in Parliament printed at large by Campion in Reply to some that grumbled at the Charge of the Army reasons thus Many a good fellow talks of Robin Hood that never drew in his Bow and many an idle Head is full of Proclamations c. but let me see which of them can justifie that Ireland can spare the Army c. Are your Enemies more tractable are they fewer are your selves of force to match them if you be then were England stark mad to disburse thirty thousand pounds a year for no other purpose but to vex and grieve you that were like the Husband who gelded himself to anger his Wise c. whose Arguments are still in force for the keeping up a potent Army in Ireland notwithstanding the Charge I could give many instances of the vast Charge Ireland hath put England unto above what it was ever worth to purchase all which intolerable Charge hath proceeded from the not improving the English Interest in Ireland by Trade and Manufactures whereby the English Planters have been constrained to betake themselves to Husbandry amongst the Irish for their livelihood and the Irish being better acquainted with the nature of the Soyl and accustomed to a more frugal way of living have eaten up the substance of the English by which they have been constrained to court their Friendship and by their Fosterings and mixtures by Marriage multitudes of them have embraced their Religion Customs and Manners and degenerated to their Interest as was manifest in the last Rebellion the strength of the Irish consisted in the degenerate English And as Ireland is thus altered in its Estates strong Holds c. treble to what it ever was before so the Inhabitants both Irish and degenerate old English are many of them now English Protestants there are many of the Tooles Burns Cavenaghs Releys ô Neales ô Bryans ô Moores ô Sulivants Mac Cartys Mac Laughlins Mac Guires c. are now English Protestants and more might have been long since saith Spencer if the English Government had done their parts to have supplied the Country with learned pious and painful Preachers that would have out-preach'd and out-liv'd the Irish Priests in holy and godly Conversations which that most intelligent Observer of Englands Defects in the Irish Affairs pag. 113. saith thus In planting of Religion thus much is needful to be observed c. that it be not sought forcibly to be impressed into them with terror and sharp penalties as now is the manner but rather delivered and intimated with mildness and gentleness so as it may not be hated before it be understood and their Professors despised and rejected And therefore it is expedient that some discreet Ministers of their own Countrymen be first sent over amongst them which by their meek persuasions and instructions as also by their sober lives and conversations may draw them first to understand and afterwards to embrace the Doctrine of their Salvation for if the ancient godly Fathers which first converted them when they were Infidels to the Faith were able to pull them from Idolatry and Paganism to the true Belief in Christ as St. Patrick and St. Columb how much more easily shall godly Teachers bring them to the true understanding of that which they already profess wherein it 's a great wonder to see the odds which is between the Zeal of Popish Priests and the Ministers of the Gospel for they spare not to come out of Spain from Rome and from Rhemes by long toyl and dangerous travelling hither where they know peril of Death awaiteth them and
so soon be forgotten until they saw the Skean at their throats and then they cryed out as Caesar in the Senate House And thou my Son Brutus so What thou my old Neighbour thou my Gossip thou my Foster Father or Foster Brother what thou my near Kinsman c. But so vehement was their rage no former Allies nor Obligations would be remembred nor no bowels moved many who had been prevailed with to sit up all the night before carousing and drinking in Taverns and Ale-houses where they had drank so many Healths to the Grandees they favoured themselves were sick or rather dead drunk and were so murdered in the morning by the same Companions before they were capable of discerning who hurt them or had time or sense to ask God forgiveness their Barbarism extending to their Souls as well as to their Bodies frequently refusing them time to say their Prayers swearing they would send their Souls presently to the Devil and such as through the terror of sudden Death would go to Mass and promise to turn Papists were presently murdered least they should recant saying they should dye while they were in a good mind An account of the particulars for the first three months of this dismal Tragedy is recorded by Sir John Temple Master of the Rolls and one of His Majesties most honourable Privy Council a person so universally applauded for his Prudence Gravity and Integrity that the Truth of his History never was or ever will be questioned by any but those whose works of darkness hate the light a Book worth the chaining to every Churches Desk and reading over once a year by every Family to prevent that stupidity that is overgrowing the minds of too many Protestants who are sucking in with greediness their debauch'd Principles in Morals which so naturally blind the mind they will easily when it shall seem to be their interest swallow down full cups of their Superstition and close in with that Religion where the most crying Sins of prophane Swearing beastly Drunkenness and abominable Adulteries c. may be pardoned for mony without either Repentance or Reformation as is cited by the Author of the Mystery of Jesuitisms out of Father Bauny Filcutius Sagundus Escober and other of their Casuists Vide Letter 10. 137 c. Now all this rage and barbarous cruelty could not proceed from inveterate malice and revenge against their persons for they had not given any provocation nor from any depravity in their Natures from principles of Humanity for a more kind affable obliging humour'd people are not to be conversed with than the generality of them who have been educated amongst the English or other ways well bred they are capable of the highest improvements in all the liberal Sciences and ingenious Arts that as Heylin saith of them if good there is no better if bad there can be no worse but this cruelty proceeds from these two causes 1. From the bloody Principles infused into them by their Priests who persuaded them it was no more sin to kill a Heretick than a Dog or a Pig nay to pluck a bone out of a Dogs mouth Dog being the frequent Epithete they gave the English whilst murdering them and this back'd with a persuasion it was not only innocent but meritorious to destroy them in order to promote the Catholick Cause that they should receive a great share of that vast stock of Indulgences sent over by the Pope for their incouragement blew their Catholick zeal into such a hellish flame it put them into such an extasie of joy they so strove who should most merit they had no leisure to consider those innocent Abels Bloods would cry to Heaven for vengeance against such cursed Cains Sir J.T. p. 78 85 87. 2. As they were persuaded God would reward this labour so were they confident it would never be in the power of man to punish them and that their opinion proceeded from the visible weakness of the English Interest whereby they concluded the total extirpation of it was an easie work and observing the Herds Flocks Corn of the English with the rich Furniture of many of their Houses the present possession of which if they had had no eternal Reward entail'd upon them was a violent temptation to a company of Beggers who little before would have esteemed themselves very rich if they had but two Cows and four Goats of their own for the Gentlemen who were Officers had their eyes upon the Lands c. they left the Plunder much to the Scolognes and contented themselves to buy good bargains of them and they that were confident of obtaining as much more before morning would sell good pennyworths over night that in a few days thousands of wealthy Families that as the Prophet saith were clothed in Scarlet embraced Dunghils had no other rayment to cover their nakedness but thum-ropes of straw which these jovial Catholicks would fire in a frolick expressing great pleasure in beholding how those desolate miserable Christians would frisk and fret or at the best filthy rags thrown away by the Irish Beggers whilst the Beggers themselves like Dives were well clothed and sared deliciously every day But now let the Survivors of them sit down and cast up their accounts did they gain by all this any thing but swift destruction and desolation what the Sword spared the grievous Famine and dreadful Pestilence devoured that within less than ten years after their delicious Feast they paid such a dismal Reckoning they wished they had contented themselves with their own Commons About the years 1652 and 1653. the Plague and Famine had swept away whole Countrys that a man might travel twenty or thirty miles and not see a living creature either Man Beast or Bird they being either all dead or had quit those desolate places that our Souldiers would tell Stories of the place where they saw a Smoak it was so rare to see either Smoak by day or Fire or Candle by night and when we did meet with two or three poor Cabbins none but very aged men with women and children and those with the Prophet might have complained we are become as a bottle in the smoak our skin is black like an Oven because of the terrible Famine I have seen those miserable creatures plucking stinking Carrion out of a Ditch black and rotten and have been credibly informed they have digged Corps out of the Grave to eat but the most tragical Story I ever heard was from an Officer commanding a Party of Horse hunting for Tories in a dark night discovered a Light which they supposed to be a Fire which the Tories usually made in those waste Countries to dress their provision and warm themselves but drawing near they found it a ruined Cabbin and besetting it round some did alight and peep in at the window where they saw a great Fire of Wood and a company of miserable old Women and Children sitting round about it and betwixt them and the
Fire a dead Corps lay broyling which as the Fire roasted they cut off Collops and eat That doubtless the Vengeance of God was as severe upon that bloody Generation as it was on Edom Ezek. 25.12 Thus saith the Lord God Because that Edom hath dealt against the House of Judah by taking Vengeance and hath greatly offended and revenged himself upon them 13. Therefore thus saith the Lord God I will also stretch out mine Hand upon Edom and will cut off Man and Beast from it and I will make it desolate from Teman and they of Dedan shall fall by the Sword 14. And I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel and they shall do in Edom according to mine anger and according to my fury and they shall know my vengeance saith the Lord God And so sensible were the most sober and judicious amongst them of their misery that about that time they approved this Notion of mine that it is the Interest of the Irish Papists of Ireland to promote the strength of the English Interest there to that height that may utterly cut off their hopes of ever withstanding it they might be able to reject all tenders from abroad and all encitements from their Jesuited Priests at home with this short answer Put us not upon impossibilities and irrational desperate attempts we now quietly enjoy our Estates Lives liberties of Religion so far as can rationally be expected from a Prince of a different communion with friendship from our English Neighbours equal protection of the Laws for the peaceable enjoyment of our Estates and incouragement to trade and planting c. And having been so often deluded by you to the ruine of so many thousands of good Catholick Families and the reproach of our Religion we are resolved to run no more such ruining courses after so many destructive disappointments that we and our Ancestors have met with by dancing after your pipe I say were the English Interest so fortified that all rationall hopes of extirpating it were removed the Irish would be out of danger of being prevailed with to make such destructive attempts to themselves and posterities as they have formerly done for although a considerable number of them may be of desperate fortunes being Branches of those ruined Families sequestred for former Rebellions to whom War is the best Trade and Revenge desireable Wages if they gain nothing they cannot lose much but this is not the case of the body of them there are many of their Nobility and Gentry enjoy plentiful Estates with the favour and countenance of their Prince some of whom never quitted the Interest of the Crown in the last 12 years War and now reap the profit of it and multitudes of the Commons are wealthy Merchants in our Cities and rich Farmers in the Country who although they be strict Papists yet are friendly and good Neighbours and just and honest Dealers who have as much reason to dread a War as the English themselves when out of their Catholick Frenzy at least on such desperate terms as a well fortified English Interest would render it I have discoursed many of them about this last Irish Plot who have not only blamed but cursed their Priests for a company of vagrant beggerly fellows who having nothing to lose nor any Families to provide for would hazard the lives and fortunes of others that have both who desire to be quiet and that the Priests themselves are not all of a mind nor act by the same rebellious Principles is manifest by the Discoveries some of them have made and Evidence they have given against their own Primate Plunket and others lately Now from these and the like considerations I argue it is the Interest of the Irish Papists that are in any tolerable state to live to promote and strengthen the English Interest amongst them to that height that may render all attempts against it irrational and desperate which would not only compose their minds to Peace and honest Industry but discourage Foreigners from invading when they had little hopes of Welcome or Aid from any of the Natives of Estates or Interest this would in time wear off all the Jealousies and remove all Animosities of both sides that a weak and feeble English Interest in Ireland will continue and nourish this would discourage Tories and Wood-Kirnes from robbing and harming the English Farmers if the Irish Farmer were convinc'd it were equally their interest to discover and suppress them This would encourage the Natives to build and improve upon the Estates they have left if they were convinc'd that new Wars and troubles would hazard what they have rather than restore them to more This would encourage the Tradesman and Farmer to their utmost Industry when they could be assured that what they thereby attained would be peaceably enjoyed by them and their posterities Nay a potent English Interest would be a powerful motive to moderate and dispose the better tempered and most thoughtful amongst them to inquire into the Differences about Religion when they find themselves out of danger of the Romish Clergies power who now keep them in such awe they dare not read the Scripture nor any Protestant Author nor confer with any Protestant Minister least the Priest hear of it and enjoyn them severer pennance than for Swearing Whoring c. And from whence proceed this dread and awe but from a supposition it may be possible to retrieve the Popish Interest again and then they would be subjected to the severe Discipline of the Romish Clergy for their Disobedience and Apostacy and multitudes there are both Papists and others that would change a dangerous for a safe Religion if they could be secured there were no danger in the change for all Religion founded on humane Laws bind the Conscienses no longer than those Laws are in force and as the Law is altered so must the Religion when the fear of man and self-safety more than the love of Truth and desire to please God is the motive to profess it And nothing is more evident than that the Fear of God they have is taught by the Precepts of Men and therefore comes within the circuit of that vain Worship our Saviour rejects Matth. 15.9 they cannot with David stand in aw of Gods Word the Standard of all Divine Worship and Rule of all humane Society whilst they are prohibited the reading it it may be well said of them as Christ saith Matth. 22.29 Ye do err not knowing the Scriptures if their Priests tell them it is not only lawful but meritorious to destroy all Heriticks yea Heretical Kings c. if it tend to promote the Catholick Cause they must believe them having never read that they that resist the Power resist the Ordinance of God and they that resist receive to themselves damnation if their Priests affirm the Pope is supream over all Princes and worldly Potentates and hath power to excommunicate and dethrone one and
propagating Manufactures as I shew at large in that Treatise The second Expedient is to procure Laws against single Life enjoyning all English Protestants to marry the Males before the age of 25. and Females before the age of 22. or from that time to pay a yearly penalty by Statute to be presented by the Grand Juries and limited by the Discretion of the Bench not exceeding the eighth part of their visible Incomes to be imployed towards the maintenance of poor Orphans 1. This would somewhat restrain these abominable Fornications and Adulteries so frequent if we would take St. Pauls counsel Let every Man have his own Wife and every Woman her own Husband c. other mens Wives would not be so often debauched nor our Parishes so charged with Bastards 2. This would much increase an English Breed for the Countries Defence as I elsewhere shew ten of whom are worth twenty bred and brought up in England The neglect hereof gives the Irish a great advantage who are generally more fruitful and besides inure their Children more to hardness in their Nursings from whence they generally live whereas our nice English Women destroy their Children by too tender Nursing c. that if they live many of them are good for little but to make Carpet-Knights on though they do retain Spirit and Courage yet their Bodies are so inured to tenderness and delicacy the hardships of Winter War would kill more than the Sword 3. This would much tend to the planting our Towns for single persons content themselves with a Room in anothers House and Marriage would necessitate them to become House-keepers and Families would require their Industry to maintain but while single they live idlely if not debauchedly And in order to encourage the meaner sort to marry to countenance that ancient English Custom of Bridals wherein every person not receiving Alms in the Parish brings in something according to their ability towards the young Couples Housekeeping to the great incouragement of painful industrious young people and obligeth them whilst single to be the better Labourers and Servants that their honest Reports might increase their Bridals And further that a provision be made where Parents are not able to dispose of their Children to honest Trades to put them out Apprentices on the Country Charge which would much tend to the planting of our walled Towns and promoting the Manufactures as I shew at large in that Treatise But that which would above all other Expedients tend to the strengthening the English Interest would be to endeavour a right understanding and charitable Union betwixt all sober pious Protestants in matters of Religion the want thereof increaseth groundless Jealousies of each other and strengtheneth the Confidence of the common Enemy to the Protestant Interest that they are easily run down as in the Massacre 1641. they at first declared their displeasure was only against the Puritannical party and then only the English not the Scots but I suppose I need not inform you how soon all Protestants became the equall objects of their Fury and barbarous Cruelty Therefore by English Protestants I mean all that are not Papists and agree with the Religion established by Law in all its Fundamentals nay in all its Substantials that believe the same Creed and make the same Translation of the Scriptures their Rule of Faith and Manners and no people can be esteemed of a different Religion that agree in what is Jure Divino though they differ in some things that are Jure Humano Although they may scruple external Communion with some particular Churches yet if they retain internal Communion with the universal Catholick Church in all parts of the world they are no Schismaticks Saith a reverend Prelate Bishop Bâ—â—â—â—â—alls Vindicatioâ— of the Church of England pag. 14 15. The Communion of the Christian Catholick Church is partly internal partly external the internal Communion consists principally in these things to believe the same entire substance of saving necessary Truth revealed by the Apostles and to be ready implicitly in the preparation of the Mind to embrace all other supernatural Verities when they shall be sufficiently proposed to them to judge charitably one of another to exclude none from the Catholick Comunion and hope oâ— Salvation either Eastern or Western or Southern or Northern Christians which profess the antient Faith of the Apostles and primitive Fathers established in the first general Councils and comprehended in the Apostolick Nicene and Athenasian Creed to rejoyce at their well-doing to sorrow for their Sins to condole with them in their sufferings to pray for their constant perseverence in the true Christian Faith for their Reduction from all their respective Errors and their re-union to the Church in case they be divided from it that we may be all one Sheepfold under that one great Shepherd and Bishop of our Souls and lastly to hold an actual external Communion with them in votis in our desires and do endeavour it by all those means which are in our power This internal Communion is of absolute necessity among all Catholicks p. 16. But saith he there is not the like degree of obligation to an exact Communion in all externals there is not so great a Conformity to be expected in Ceremonies as in the Essentials of Sacraments c. in the Explication of Articles of Faith as in the Articles themselves nor in the Superstructures as in Fundamentals c. p. 17. nor in Scholastical Opinions as in Catechistical Grounds not to Ecclesiastical Constitutions as to Divine Ordinances not such a strict adherence to a particular Church as to the universal So in his Answer to the Bishop of Chalcedon Essentials must not be pressed too far least we draw out Blood in stead of Milk c. it doth not follow because true Faith is essential therefore every point of true Faith is essential or because Discipline is essential therefore every part of right Discipline is essential or because Sacraments are essential therefore every lawful Rite is essential p. 4. Whatsoever toucheth not the Heart of Religion is not Schism p. 8. Saith my reverend Author 'T is a preposterous Zeal like Hell hot without Light that makes different Opinions different Religions in his Answer to S.W. p. 40. Who please to read this learned Author in point of Schism will find that he differs from those fiery Zealots that dare affirm Schism to be a greater Sin than prophane Swearing Drunkenness or Whoring c. but by the same rule they like the Religion of Bellarmine Suarez Vasquez c. for they say so better than Bishop Hall Sanderson Usher Bramhall or Taylor for not only they but all the pious Divines I have read of the Church of England are of another Opinon most of the sober Dissenters in Ireland will submit their Cause to be weighed in these Protestant Scales and own themselves for Schismaticks if their Character condemn them and it is required by the Divine Law Lev. 19.36
much less to reward him yet when his Princes State and Affairs were at the lowest ebb his Loyalty was at hihgest at full Sea rejecting the greatest proffers of Liberty and Estate from the Parliament and chose Poverty in Exile with his Prince before it as is elegantly express'd by Orinda fol. 150. You who three potent Kingdoms late have seen Tremble with fury and yet stedfast been Who an afflicted Majesty could wait When it was seemingly forsook by Fate Whose settled Loyalty no storms dismaid Nor the more flatt'ring mischiefs could disswade Yet their Proffer did him so much right as to declare to the world his Services in Ireland were esteemed by Englands Commons in their worst humour to the Royal Interest that he served as useful to the English Protestant Interest there but from these and the like causes the Crown of England hath had its Counsels more perplexed and its attempts for Irelands Reduction and Settlement more obstructed by its own people in Ireland than by the Irish themselves since the time of Edward the Sixth viz. by the viciscitude of its Government being so often under the Regiment of persons that were Aliens to its peculiar Interest and strangers to its Humours and Customs it is not rational to suppose the most judicious States-man in the world can understand the Interest and Humour of a Country he never saw before proportionable to another that hath track'd it from end to side who must see by others eyes where to place Garrisons and Quarters for the most Safety and Quiet of the Country how to understand the humour and capacity of persons fit to be imployed in the Kings Service civil or military who are the most dangerous persons which the most disquiet people to have an eye upon c. I say there are many necessary points for a chief Governour to know not to be learn'd in three or four years time the usual length of our Lord Lieutenants c. Regency and where persons have neither time to understand their Work nor to fit and whet their Instruments they must work by what performance can rationally be expected In Spencer Eudox proposeth to Iren how many Men would be a competent Army to reduce and keep Ireland he demandeth ten thousand Foot and one thousand Horse saith Eudox Where will you garrison and quarter them for the safety of the Country saith Iren Perhaps I am ignorant of the places but I will take the Maps of Ireland and lay them before me and make mine eyes my Schoolmasters to judge of the place and then proceeds to garrison and quarter his Men by the Map Saith Eudoxus This might do if you knew where to find the Enemy but it is well known he is a flying Enemy hiding himself in Woods and Boggs c. from which he will not be drawn forth but into some streight passage or perilous soâ—rd there will he lie in wait till he find an advantage and then will endanger your Army therefore to seek him that still flincheth and to follow him that can hardly be found were vain and bootless Spencer pag. 68. So Geraldus Cambriensis Chap. 38. to the same purpose compares the Difference between the French and Irish Wars shewing how far Souldiers trained up in Campaign Countries fighting pitched Battels with their Enemies always in sight would be to seek in Ireland where the Enemy rarely imbodies but at great advantages but must be driven out of their Fortresses of Woods and Boggs c. where heavy Armour and Weapons were more cumbersome than useful But saith he such Souldiers as are in the Marshes of Wales who by reason of continual War are of great experience and valiant who can endure any pains and travels who can abide watching hunger and thirst c. such kind of Souldiers were they who first conquered Ireland and by such must it be fully subdued and kept Obj. Why do you term English Protestants Aliens to Irelands Interest are we not all the Subjects of one King and Members of the same Commonwealth Answ We may be the first and not the second though the Scots are Subjects to the same King yet Members of a distinct Commonwealth that as England makes Laws to secure their Trade from Scotch Invasions so doth Scotland for the securing theirs from English Retrenchments So the twelve Tribes of Israel were all the Children of one Abraham and the Subjects of one David yet had they their distinct Interest peculiar to each Tribe the members of one Tribe were never admitted to bear rule or enjoy the beneficial Offices of another the Mosaical and judicial Law were expresly against it Numb ch 1. v. 4. And with you there shall be a man of every Tribe every one Head of the House of his Fathers ch 13. v. 2. ch 34. v. 18. Deut. 1.13 which Statutes of Israel were observed in Davids time 1 Chron. 8.1 and by his Son Solomon 2 Chron. 8.2 and so continued to the end of that Kingdom which were no ways ceremonial but moral that every man and every Country that had not forfeited their Birthright might enjoy the priviledge of it And not only Divine but Humane Laws and Policies have still observed the same where the Interest of the Prince or State was not hazarded the most ancient Monarchies as the Assyrian Persian Grecian and Roman practised it in all their tributary Countries still committing the management of the civil and military Governments of their new conquer'd Countries to the Colonies they sent to plant and guard them though they consisted not of their own Countrymen as for instance the new planting of Samaria was by people of divers Nations Ezra names nine ch 4. v. 9. as the Dinaites the Apharsathchites the Tarpelites the Apharsites the Archevites the Babylonians the Susanchites the Dehavites and the Elamites and the rest of the Nations whom the great and noble Asnapper brought over and set in the Cities of Samaria yet these several Nations being upon the place incorporated into one common Interest against the Jews were all intrusted with the Government and Safety of the Country as appears by their joint Letter sent to the King to inform him of the danger of his Interest in that Country if he suffered the Jews to repair the Walls of Jerusalem he would not only lose his Revenue but his Dominion in Samaria vers 13. compared with the 16th which they esteemed themselves bound to inform him of being maintained from the Kings Palace that is they enjoyed the profitable Offices and Imployments of the Country for which they received their Salaries out of his Exchequer And from hence it was Paul pleaded the priviledge of a Roman Acts 22.25 who was no otherwise a Roman but as he was born of a member of a Roman Colony sent to Tarsus to plant and secure the Country to the Roman State and thereby were endowed with the priviledge of Roman Citizens to oblige them to Fidelity and Serviceableness against the Natives who were never