Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	england_n	france_n	king_n	3,694	5	4.2233	3	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54621	Political arithmetick, or, A discourse concerning the extent and value of lands, people, buildings ... as the same relates to every country in general, but more particularly to the territories of His Majesty of Great Britain, and his neighbours of Holland, Zealand, and France / by Sir William Petty ...	Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687.	1690 (1690)	Wing P1932; ESTC R17628	42,032	122

value of the Fish Pipe-staves Masts Bever c. brought from New-England and the Northern parts of America Two Hundred Thousand pounds The value of the Wool Butter Hides Tallow Beef Herring Pilchers and Salmon exported out of Ireland Eight hundred thousand pounds The value of the Coals Salt Linnen Yarn Herrings Pilchers Salmon Linnen-Cloth and Yarn brought out of Scotland and Ireland 500000 l. The value of Salt peter Pepper Callicoes Diamonds Drugs and Silks brought out of the East-Indies above what was spent in England Eight hundred thousand pounds The value of the Slaves brought out of Africa to serve in our American Plantations Twenty thousand pounds which with the Freight of English Shipping Trading into Foreign parts being above a Million and a Â½ makes in all Ten Millions one Hundred and Eighty thousand pounds Which computation is sufficiently justified by the Customs of the Three Kingdoms whose intrinsick value are thought to be near a Million per annum viz. Six hundred thousand pounds payable to the King 100 thousand Pounds for the charges of Collecting c. Two hundred thousand pounds smuckled by the Merchants and one Hundred thousand pounds gained by the Farmers according to common Opinion and Mens Sayings And this agrees also with that proportion or part of the whole Trade of the World which I have estimated the Subjects of the King of England to be possessed of viz. of about Ten of Forty Five Millions But the value of the French Commodities brought into England notwithstanding some currant estimates are not above one Million Two hundred thousand pounds per annum and the value of all they export into all the World besides not above Three or Four times as much which computation also agreeth well enough with the account we have of the Customs of France so as France not exporting above Â½ the value of what England doth and for that all the Commodities of France except Wines Brandy Paper and the first patterns and fashions for Cloaths and Furniture of which France is the Mint are imitable by the English and having withal more People than England it follows that the People of England c. have Head for Head thrice as much Foreign Trade as the People of France and about Two parts of Nine of the Trade of the whole Commercial World and about Two parts in Seven of all the Shipping Notwithstanding all which it is not to be denied that the King and some great Men of France appear more Rich and Splendid than those of the like Quality in England all which arises rather from the nature of their Government than from the Intrinsick and Natural causes of Wealth and Power CHAP. V. That the Impediments of Englands greatness are but contingent and removable THE first Impediment of Englands greatness is that the Territo ries thereunto belonging are too far asunder and divided by the Sea into many several Islands and Countries and I may say into so many Kingdoms and several Governments viz. there be Three distinct Legislative Powers in England Scotland and Ireland the which instead of uniting together do often cross one anothers Interest putting Bars and Impediments upon one anothers Trades not only as if they were Foreigners to each other but sometimes as Enemies 2. The Islands of Iersey and Gernsey and the Isle of Man are under Jurisdictions different from those either of England Scotland or Ireland 3. The Government of New-England both Civil and Ecclesiastical doth so differ from that of His Majesties other Dominions that 't is hard to say what may be the consequence of it And the Government of the other Plantations doth also differ very much from any of the rest although there be not naturally substantial reasons from the Situation Trade and Condition of the People why there should be such differences From all which it comes to pass that small divided remote Governments being seldom able to defend themselves the Burthen of protecting of them all must lye upon the chief Kingdom England and so all the smaller Kingdoms and Dominions instead of being Additions are really Dimunitions but the same is remedied by making Two such Grand Councils as may equally represent the whole Empire one to be chosen by the King the other by the People The Wealth of a King is Threefold one is the Wealth of his Subjects the second is the Quota pars of his Subjects Wealth given him for the publick Defence Honour and Ornament of the People and to manage such undertaking for the Common Good as no one or a few private Men are sufficient for The third sort are the Quota of the last mention Quota pars which the King may dispose of as his own personal inclination and discretion shall direct him without account Now it is most manifest that the afore-mentioned distances and differencies of Kingdoms and Jurisdictions are great impediments to all the said several sorts of Wealth as may be seen in the following particulars First in case of War with Foreign Nations England commonly beareth the whole burthen and charge whereby many in England are utterly undone Secondly England sometimes Prohibiting the Commodities of Ireland and Scotland as of late it did the Cattle Flesh and Fish of Ireland did not only make Food and consequently Labour dearer in England but also hath forced the People of Ireland to fetch those Commodities from France Holland and other places which before was sold them from England to the great prejudice of both Nations Thirdly It occasions an unnecessary trouble and charge in Collecting of Customs upon Commodities passing between the several Nations Fourthly It is a damage to our Barbadoes and other American Trades that the Goods which might pass thence immediately to several parts of the World and to be sold at moderate Rates must first come into England and there pay Duties and afterwards if at all pass into those Countries whither they might have gone immediatly Fifthly The Islands of Iersey and Gernsey are protected at the charge of England nevertheless the Labour and Industry of that People which is very great redounds most to the profit of the French Sixthly In New-England there are vast numbers of able bodyed Englishmen employed chiefly in Husbandry and in the meanest part of it which is breeding of Cattle whereas Ireland would have contained all those persons and at worst would have afforded them Lands on better terms than they have them in America if not some other better Trade withal than now they can have Seventhly The Inhabitants of the other Plantations although they do indeed Plant Commodities which will not grow so well in England yet grasping at more Land than will suffice to produce the said Exotiics in a sufficient quantity to serve the whole World they do therein but distract and confound the effect of their own Indeavours Eighthly There is no doubt that the same People far and wide dispersed must spend more upon their Government and Protection than the same living compactly

others are as effectual as the Thirteen in point of Strength also wherefore that there are more Superlucrators in the English than the French Dominions we say as followeth There be in England Scotland Ireland and the Kings other Territories above Forty Thousand Seamen in France not above a quarter so many but one Seaman earneth as much as three common Husbandmen wherefore this difference in Seamen addeth to the account of the King of England's Subjects is an advantage equivalent to Sixty Thousand Husbandmen There are in England Scotland and Ireland and all other the King of England's Territories Six Hundred thousand Tun of Shipping worth about four Millions and a Â½ of Money and the annual charge of maintaining the Shipping of England by new Buildings and Reparations is about Â½ part of the same summ which is the Wages of one Hundred and Fifty thousand Husbandmen but is not the Wages of above â…“ part of so many Artisans as are employed upon Shipping of all sorts viz. Shiprights Calkers Ioyners Carvers Painters Block-makers Rope-makers Mast-makers Smiths of several sorts Flag-makers Compass-makers Brewers Bakers and all other sort of Victuallers all sorts of Tradesmen relating to Guns and Gunners stores Wherefore there being four times more of these Artisans in England c. than in France they further add to the account of the King of England's Subjects the equivalent of Eighty Thousand Husbandmen more The Sea-line of England Scotland and Ireland and the adjacent Islands is about Three thousand Eight hundred Miles according to which length and the whole content of Acres the said Land would be an Oblong or Parallelogram Figure of Three thousand Eight hundred Miles long and about Twenty four Miles broad and consequently every part of England Scotland and Ireland is one with another but Twelve Miles from the Sea Whereas France containing but about one Thousand Miles of Sea line is by the like method or computation about Sixty Five Miles from the Sea side and considering the paucity of Ports in comparison of what are in the King of England's Dominions as good as Seventy Miles distant from a Port Upon which grounds it is clear that England can be supplied with all gross and bulkey commodities of Foreign growth and Manufacture at far cheaper rates than France can be viz. at about 4 s. per cent cheaper the Land carriage for the difference of the distance between England and France from a Port being so much or near thereabouts Now to what advantage this conveniency amounteth upon the Importation and Exportation of Bulkey Commodities cannot be less than the Labour of one Million of People c. meaning by bulkey Commodities all sorts of Timber Plank and Staves for Cask all Iron Lead Stones Bricks and Tyles for building all Corn Salt and Drinks all Flesh and Fish and indeed all other Commodities wherein the gain and loss of 4 s. per Cent. is considerable where note that the like Wines are sold in the inner parts of France for four or Five Pound a Tun which near the Ports yield 7 l. Moreover upon this Principal the decay of Timber in England is no very formidable thing as the Rebuilding of London and of the Ships wasted by the Dutch War do clearly manifest Nor can there be any want of Corn or other necessary Provisions in England unless the Weather hath been universally unseasonable for the growth of the same which seldom or never happens for the same causes which make Dearth in one place do often cause plenty in another wet Weather being propitious to Highlands which drowneth the Low It is observed that the poor of France have generally less Wages than in England and yet their Victuals are generally dearer there which being so there may be more superlucration in England than in France Lastly I offer it to the consideration of all those who have travelled through England and France Whether the Plebeians of England for they constitute the Bulk of any Nation do not spend a sixth part more than the Plebeians of France And if so it is necessary that they must first get it and consequently that Ten Millions of the King of England's Subjects are equivalent to Twelve of the King of France and upon the whole matter to the Thirteen Millions at which the French Nation was estimated It will here be objected that the splendor and magnificencies of the King of France appearing greater than those of England that the Wealth of France must be proportionably greater than that of England but that doth not follow forasmuch as the apparent greatness of the King doth depend upon the Quota pars of the Peoples Wealth which he levyeth from them for supposing of the People to be equally Rich if one of the Sovereigns levy a fifth part and another a fifteenth the one seems actually thrice as Rich as the other whereas potentially they are but equal Having thus discoursed of the Territory People Superlucration and Defencibleness of both Dominions and in some measure of their Trade so far as we had occasion to mention Ships Shipping and nearness to Ports we come next to inlarge a little further upon the Trade of each Some have estimated that there are not above Three hundred Millions of People in the whole World Whether that be so or no is not very material to be known but I have fair grounds to conjecture and would be glad to know it more certainly that there are not above Eighty Millions with whom the English and Dutch have Commerce no Europeans that I know of Trading directly nor indirectly where they do not so as the whole Commercial World or World of Trade consisteth of about Eighty Millions of Souls as aforesaid And I further estimate that the value of all Commodities yearly exchanged amongst them doth not exceed the value of Forty Five Millions Now the Wealth of every Nation consisting chiefly in the share which they have in the Foreign Trade with the whole Commercial World rather than in the Domestick Trade of ordinary Meat Drink and Cloaths c. which bringing in little Gold Silver Iewels and other Universal Wealth we are to consider whether the Subjects of the King of England Head for Head have not a greater share than those of France To which purpose it hath been considered that the Manufactures of Wool yearly exported out of England into several parts of the World viz. All sorts of Cloth Serges Stuffs Cottons Bayes Sayes Frize perpetuanâ—s as also Stockings Caps Rugs c. Exported out of England Scotland and Ireland do amount unto Five Millions per annum The value of Lead Tynn and Coals to be Five hundred thousand pounds The value of all Cloaths Houshold-stuff c. carried into America Two hundred thousand pounds The value of Silver and Gold taken from the Spaniards Sixty thousand pounds The value of Sugar Indico Tobacco Cotton and Caccao brought from the Southward parts of America Six hundred thousand pounds The

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