of Scottes Alexander his soonne beyng of .ix. yeres of age was by the lawes of Edgar in ward to this king Henry by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke and there deliuered to this kyng Henry duryng whose minoritie this kyng Henrye gouerned Scotland and to subdue a coÌ„mocion in this realme vsed the aide of .v. M. Scottishmen but kyng Henry dyed duryng y e nonage of this Alexander wherby he receiued not his homage whiche by reason and lawe was respited vntyl his ful age of .xxi. yeres this Henry reigned in this state .lvii. yeres Edwarde the first synce the supposed conquest sonne of this HeÌ„ry was next kyng of EnglaÌ„d immediatly after whose coronacion this Alexander kyng of Scottes beyng then of full age did homage to him for ScotlaÌ„d at Westminster This AlexaÌ„der kyng of Scoties died leuing one only doughter called Margarete his heire who before had maried Hanygo soonne to Magnus kyng of Norway whiche doughter also shortly after dyed leauyng one onely doughter her heire of thage of .ii yeres whose custodie mariage by the lawes of king Edgar and Edward the coÌ„fessour belonged to this kyng Edwarde whervpoÌ„ the nobles of Scotland wer coÌ„maunded by this king Edward to sende to Normandy to conuey this yong quene into Englande to him whom he enteÌ„ded to haue maried to his soonne Edwarde as our kyng in his owne person enteÌ„deth with their Quene now Their nobles at that tyme consideryng thesame tranquilitie y â— many of them now refuse stoode not vpon shiftes and delayes of minoritie nor coÌ„tempt but most gladly consented and thervpon sent twoo noble menne of Scotlande into Norway for her to be brought to this kyng Edward but she died before their coÌ„ming thether they required nothyng but to enioy the lawfull liberties that they had in the last kyng Alexander his tyme I beleue that the deade bodyes of these noble men of all the kynges of Scotland would rise from their sepultures against the enemies of this godly vnion â–ª if they knewe with what wilfull contempte they deface their doynges with what wicked obstinacy thei deteigne y e people of Britaigne in perpetual warre enmitie and discorde After the death of this Margaret the Scottes wer destitute of any heire to y e croune froÌ„ this AlexaÌ„der there last kyng at whiche tyme this Edwarde disceÌ„ded froÌ„ the body of Mawde doughter of Malcolme sometyme kyng of Scottes beyng then in the greatest broil of his warres with Fraunce mynded not to take the possession of that kyngdome in his awne right but was contented to establish Balioll to be king thereof the weake title betwene him Bruse Hastynges beeyng by the humble peticion of all the realme of Scotland coÌ„mitted to the determinacion of this kyng Edwarde as by autentique writyng therof coÌ„fessyng within the superioritie of Scotlande to remaine in this kyng Edwarde sealed with the seales of .iiii. bishoppes .vii. Earles and .xi. Barons of Scotlande and whiche shortely after was by the whole assent of the thre estates of Scotland in their solemne ParliameÌ„t coÌ„fessed enacted accordiÌ„gly as most euidently doeth appeare This Baliol in this wise made kyng of ScotlaÌ„d did immediatly make his homage and fealtie to this kyng Edwarde for the kyngdome of Scotlande but shortly after defraudyng the benigne goodnes of this king Edward he rebelled whervpon this king Edward inuaded ScotlaÌ„d seazed into his haÌ„des the greater part of the countrey and toke al the strengthes therof wherupon this Baliol king of Scottes came vnto this kyng Edwarde at Mâ—untrosse in Scotland with a white wande in his hand there resigned the croune of Scotland with all his right title entrest to the same into the haÌ„des of this kyng Edwarde therfore made his Charter in writyng dated sealed y e fourth yere of his reign whervpon all the nobles geÌ„tlemen of Scotlande repaired to Berwicke and there did homage and fealtie to this king Edward becoÌ„myng his subiectes For the better assuraunce of whose othes this Edwarde kept all the streÌ„gthes and holdes of Scotland in his owne handes and herevpon all their lawes proces al iudgement all giftes of offices and others passed vnder the name of authoritie of this king Edward he reigned in this state ouer theÌ„ xxx yeres Edward borne at Carnaruan sonne of this Edward was nexte kyng of England who from the beginnyng of his reigne enioyed Scotland peaceably dooyng in all thynges as is aboue sayd of kyng Edward his father vntyll towarde the latter ende of his reigne about whiche Bruse conspired agaiÌ„st this kyng Edward and with the helpe of a fewe forsworne Scottes forswore him selfe kyng of Scottes whervpoÌ„ this Edward made warre vpon him but beyng infortunate in his first warres against him he suffered Edwarde the soonne of Baliol to proclaime himself kyng of Scottes neuerthelesse held foorth his warres against Bruse before the endyng of whiche he dyed Edwarde borne at Wyndsore soonne of this Edward was next king of Scotlande at the age of xv yeres in whose minoritie the Scottes practised with Isabell mother to this Edwarde with Roger Mortymer Earle of the Marche to haue their homages released whose good wyll therin thei obteined so y â— for the same release they shuld pay to this king Edward .xxx. thousand poundes sterlyng in thre yeres nexte folowing that is to say .x. thousande pounde sterlyng yerely but because the nobilitie and coÌ„mons of this realme would not by parliament coÌ„sent vnto it their king beyng within age y e same release proceded not albeit the Scottes ceased not their practises with this Quene and Erle but before those thre yeres in whiche their money if that money had taken place shuld haue been paied wer exspired this kyng Edward inuaded Scotland and ceased not warre vntill Dauid the sonne of Robert le Bruse then by their eleccion kyng of ScotlaÌ„d absolutely submitted himselfe vnto this kyng Edwarde but for that this Dauid Bruse had before by practise of the Quene and the Erle of Marche maried Jane the sister of this kyng Edward he moued by natural zeale to his sister was contented to geue the realme of Scotlande to this Dauid Bruse to theires that he should begette of the body of the sayd Jane sauyng the reuersion and meane homages to this kyng Edward and to his owne children wherewith thesame Dauid Bruse was right well coÌ„tented thervpon immediatly made his homage for Scotlande vnto this kyng Edward but shortly after causelesse coÌ„ceiuyng cause of displeasure this Dauid procured to disolue this same estate taily and therevpon not onely rebelled in Scotland but also inuaded EnglaÌ„d this kyng Edward beyng then in his warres in Fraunce But this Dauid was not onely expulsed EnglaÌ„d but also suspecting no place sufficient defeÌ„ce to his vntruth fled out of ScotlaÌ„d the couÌ„treys of AnnaÌ„dale Gallovvay Mars Teuydale Twedale and Ethrike wer seased into the king of England his handes new Marches set betwene England ScotlaÌ„d
AN EPItome of the title that the kynges Maiestie of Englande hath to the souereigntie of Scotlande continued vpon the auncient writers of both nacions from the beginnyng M. D. XLVIII CVM PRIVILEGIO AD IMPRIMENDVM SOLVM To the moste noble â–ª and excellent prince Edward the vi â–ª by the grace of GOD kâ—ng of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defendor of the 〈◊〉 and vpon yearth supreme hed of the Churche of Englande and Irelande â–ª your humble and obedieÌ„t subiecte Nicholas Bodrugan otherwise Adams wissheth loÌ„g life and the same prosperous and happie ALthough I knowe right well mooste noble Prince that ther be diuerse whiche bothe by their couÌ„saill and writyng do to their vttermoste powers swade the vnion of Scotlande vnto youre highnes by the mariage of their Quene a meane thereunto bothe honourable and Godly Yet neuertheles the same study and furder declaracioÌ„ of your maiesties title to the superioritie thereof semeth vnto me to bee so indifferently perteinyng to all menne whiche doo professe obedience to youre highnes that no mannes studie ought to be taken as vain or vnthankefull whiche humbly bryngeth furthe to that common vse whatsoeuer iudgement profite or knowlege he supposeth to haue founde either by studie or inquisicioÌ„ foreseyng that in tempestious vpswellynges of water or shipwracke fire or other like calamities of men right acceptable vnto vs is the labor of those and thankes worthie which willyngly do runne to helpe vs although in the meane tyme there be other sufficient nombre to deliuer vs from the perill obiected Herefore moste noble prince perceiuyng the auncient 〈…〉 this greate Britaigne and â—â—â—ding suche plentie of writers coÌ„fessyng your superioritie of Scotland as could not by any entendement so fully consent vpoÌ„ any vntruth I thought it my deutie to offre vp thesame vnto youre highnes â–ª whiche histories like as almightie God hath from tyme to time in fauor of the truth and of your title preserued So hath his Godhed signified no lesse fauour to your highnes vouchesauyng to nobilitate thesame in the persone of your maiestie conserued vnto this youre tyme the noble house of Seymour whose auncester Eldulph de Samour beeyng then Erle of Gloucester many hundreth yeres a gone in the tyme of Kyng Aurelie Ambrose lewe Hengest the Saxon capitall enemy of the Briton nacion â—y whiche noble seruice like as this Realme was deliuered from the tyrany of Saxons and restored to the whole Empire name of greate Briteigne so we youre obedient and louyng subiectes truste that the right noble duke of Somerset and the lorde Seimour of Sudeley your graces high Admirall youre Maiesties dere vncles shall in the seruice of your highnes for the like restitucion of the name and Empire of greate Briteigne vnto your highnes shew theÌ„selfes the worthie successors of such an auÌ„cester Neither haue I purposed herin with opprobrious wordes to skolde with the Scottes and thereby to wipe of one durt with another Neither 〈…〉 builde vpon our awne Engâ—â—â—â—â— auethors but all my purpoâ—â—â—â— by indifferent writers with plain and euident truth whiche thyng bothe time and maners do euermore require to publishe youre maiesties right and their defence folowyng therein for the more part VeremuÌ„d Camphil Cornelius de Hibernia and Boecius their awne auethors whiche peines because I haue assumed rather as a necessarie seruice to my couÌ„trey then for mine awne glory I truste I shall offende none but suche whom it should bee ashame to please Myne inclinacioÌ„ is to haue the good worde of euery maÌ„ but the diseased malice of some cannot saie well of any Albeit touchyng the phrase and stile of this my writyng if thesame to any man shall not satisfie his expectacion let hym consider that in parte it behoueth to vse the wordes of the historie in whiche I am restrained by promise of an Epitome and that in the residue it was not my mynde to trisle with the fiue flowers of Rethorike but to bryng rather faithfull then painted gliteryng ouerture vnto thinges afflicted The veritie of the Histories I trust shall so hereby appere that both the good men of ScotlaÌ„de by reason and thenemies if any suche bee by their awne shame shalbe driueÌ„ to coÌ„fesse this myne assercion to be true and thesame suche as thoug the mariage by the iniquitie of some take not effecte yet to publishe to the world sufficient cause for the 〈…〉 naunce of your majestie◠〈◊〉 against them wherein the honor of a kyng may not geue place to their wilfull rebellion And for recouery whereof vndoubtedly almightie God for your syncere fauor to the auauncement of his holy woorde will by his promise as he hath begon continue your highnes in felicitie and victory ouer all his and your enemies wher vnto all youre true subiectes doo saie AMEN IF the veritie which auncient and indifferent writers haue made commoÌ„ to all nacions might aswell perswade the Nobles and Commons of Scotlande as it hath reason bothe to charge theÌ„ and disproue all their obieccioÌ„s thei would right sone laie doune their weapons thus rashely receiued to fight against the mother of their awne nacioÌ„ I mean this realme now called EnglaÌ„de the onely supreme seat of theÌ„pire of greate Briteigne In whose bosome cast with vs as bothe in one moulde thei haue receiued the same toungue lawe and language for asmuche therefore as nowe touchyng the mariage of their Quene there is nothyng of our part left vndoen that ought to perswade theim to concorde and thesame by diuerse of theim hetherto wholy neglected thei shall of my parte easely perceiue that to increase their errour approue their folly or allowe their obstinacie I am not disposed but contrarily by y e veritie wher in their awne writers shalbee no defence to theim but meere condempnacion to publishe to the world the state of these contencions our title their defeÌ„ce pursuyng the which I will folowe y e wordes of thistorie as foloweth THE auncient writers of the Histories of this whole Isle of greate Briteigne coÌ„fesse that after our firste progenitor Brutus the yere from the beginnyng of the worlde .iiii. M. xxvii had arriued in this Isle and after his awne name had called it Briteigne he had issue thre sonnes Locryne Albanactus and Camber betwene whom after his deathe thei agreed in this particioÌ„ that Locryne had this first and worthiest part whiche now is called England Albanactus the second part now by the Scottes possessed by hym called Albania whiche their awne writers confesse and to Camber chauÌ„ced the third part now called Wales the two better partes to be holden of the firste as of the worthiest of the bloud accordyng to the Troyan lawe from whence thei were discended whiche superiorite also by their different bearyng of the Armes of the father leuyng the entier cote in the eldest brother is sufficieÌ„tly testified vntill this daie The particion in this wise established Albanactus possessyng Albania was by Humbre his subiect miserably slam with out
issue of his body to punishe whiche traitery Locrine and his brother Camber assembled their power and entered Albania and there slewe this Humber whose body thei threwe into a great riuer Some write that this Humber beyng desperate threw hymself into this Riuer but all confesse that in this riuer his bodie was drouned and that hereof toke the name of Humber which it kepeth to this daie This Locrine herupon seazed Albania into his awne haÌ„des as excheated wholy to hymself not yeldyng any part therof vnto Camber his brother whereby also euidently appereth the entier seigniory ouer it to consist in hymself accordyng to whiche exaÌ„ple like lawe emong brethren euer since hath continued preferryng the eldest brother to the onely benefite of the collateral assencion from the youngest aswell in Scotlande as in Englande vnto this daie Locryne reigned in this state ouer them .xvii. yeres EbraÌ„ke the lineall heire froÌ„ the bodie of this Locryne that is to saie the sonne of Mempris soonne of Madan sonne of the same Locryne buylded in Albania the castle of Maidens nowe called Edenbrough and the Castle of Alcluth or Alclude now called Dunbriton as the Scottishe Hector Boecius confesseth wherby moste euideÌ„tly appered that this Ebranke was then therof seazed This Ebranke reigned in this state ouer them .lx. yeres after whose death this Albania as annexed to the Empire of Briteigne discended to the onely kyng of BritoÌ„s vntil the discent to the twoo sisters sonnes Morgan and Conedage lineall heires from thesaied Ebranke who brotherly vpon the first example deuided the realme Morgan had Logres and Conedage had Albania but shortly after Morgan thelder brother ponderyng in his hed the loue to his brother with the loue to a kyngdome excluded nature and gaue place to ambicion and therupon denounced warr to his brother in whiche warre as the rereward of his vntruthe death miserably ended his life wherby Condage obteined the whole Empire of al Briteigne in whiche state he remained .xxxiii. yeres APTER whose time thesame lineally desceÌ„ded to thonly kyng of BritoÌ„s vntill after the reigne of Gorbodian who had issue two sonnes Ferres and Porres whiche Porres requiryng like particion of the land affirmyng the former particions to bee rather of lawe then fauour was by the handes of his elder brother both of his life and hoped kyngdome bereued at once but their vnnaturall mother vsyng her natural malice that for the deathe of her one sonne would bee reuenged by the losyng of bothe miserably slewe the other Cloten by all writers aswell Scottishe as other was the next inheritor to the whole Empire but lackyng power the meane in those daies to obteyne right he was conteÌ„ted to deuide the same emong .iii. of his kinsmen so that Scater had Albania But after the death of this CloteÌ„ his sonne Dunuallo Moluncius made warr vpon these three Kynges and at last ouercame them and so recouered the whole dominion in token of whiche victorie he caused hymself to be crouned with a croune of gold the first that was worne emong kinges of this nacion This Dunuallo erected temples wherein the people should assemble for Praier to which teÌ„ples he gaue benefit of Sanctuarie he made the lawe for wager of battaill in cases of murder and felonie whereby a thefe that liued and made his arte of fightyng should for his purgacion fight with the true man whiche he had robbed but he beleued that the Goddes for then thei supposed many would by miracle assigne victorie to the innocent partie the priuilege of whiche first lawe and benefite of the latter aswel in Scotlande as in EnglaÌ„de be enioyed to this daie fewe causes by late positiue lawes emong vs excepted wherein the benefite of wager oâ— battaill is expelled by whiche obedience to his lawes it dooth manifestly appere that this Dunuallo was then seazed of Albania now called Scotland this DuÌ„uallo reigned in this state ouer them .xl. yeres Beline and Brenne the sonnes of this Dunuallo did after their fathers death fauourably deuide the lande betwene them so that Belyne had Logres and Brenne had Albania but for that this Brenne a subiect without the consent of his eldre brother and lorde aueÌ„tured to mary with the daughter of the kyng of Denmarke Belyne seazed Albania into his awne handes and thereupon caused the notable wayes priuileged by Dunuallos Lawes to be newly wrought by mennes handes whiche for the leÌ„gth was from the â—urder parte of Cornewall vnto the Sea by Northe Cathnes in Scotlande For Religion in those daies he constituted ministers called Archeflamines in their funccions moste like the aucthoritie of Bishoppes of all their awne writers is sixe hundred yeres lackyng .x. yeres After that Brutus had reigned ouer the whole Islande beeyng the same lande enioyed by hym and his posteritie before their commyng duryng discentes of kinges of this Briteigne and this intrusion into a land so many hundred yeres before inhabited and by so many discentes of Kynges quietly enioyed is the best tule that all their awne writers allege for theim This Fergus hereupon immediatly did deuide al Albania emong his capitaines and their people wherby also moste euidently appereth that there were no people of that nacion inhabityng there before in prosse whereof the same particion shall folowe THE landes of Cathnes liyng agaynste Orknay betwene Dummesbey and the Water of Thane was geueÌ„ vnto one Cornath a Capitaine his people The landes betwene the Water of Thane and Nes nowe called Rosse liyng in bredth from Cromart to the mouthe of the water of Lochte wer geuen to Lutorke another Capitain his people The landes betwene Spay and Nes from the Almayne seas to the Irelande Seas nowe called Murray land wet geuen to one Vvarroche and his people The laÌ„d of Thalia now called Boyn Aynze Bogewall Garyot Formartyne and Bowguhan were geuen to one Thalis and his people The landes of Matr â–ª Badezenoche and Lochquhaber were geuen to Martache and his people The landes of Lorne and Kyntier with the hilles mountaynes thereof liyng from Mar to the Irelande seas wer geuen to capitain Nonaunce his people The landes of Athole were geuen to Atholus another capitain his people The landes of Strabraun and Brawdawane liyng West from Dunkell were geueÌ„ to Creones and Epidithes ii Capitaines The landes of Argile were geuen to Argathelus a capitain The landes of Linnox and Clidisdale were allotted to Lolgona a capitain The landes of Siluria now called Kile Car rike and Cunyngham wer geueÌ„ to Silurche another Capitayne The landes of Brigance nowe called Gallowaie were geuen to the compaignie called Brigandes whiche as their best menne were appointed to dwell next the BritoÌ„s who afterward expulsed the Britons from Annandale in Albany wherby is confessed it to be before enhabited by BritoÌ„s The residue of the lande nowe called Scotland that is to saie Meirnis Angus SteremoÌ„de Gowry Strahern Pirth Fiffe Striuelyng Callender Calderwoode Lougthian Mers Teuedale with other the
by intendement vnder that age he should be hable in person to serue his kyng countrey according to the tenour of his dede and the cōdicion of his purchase This lawe was receiued by the same Keneth in Scotlande and aswell there as in Englande is obserued to this daie whiche proueth also that Scotlande was then vnder his obeisaūce This Edgar reigned in this state xxvi yeres Edward the sonne of this Edgar was next kyng of England in whose tyme this Keneth kyng of Scottes caused Malcolme prince of Scotland to be treasonably poysoned whervpon this Edwarde made warre vpō him whiche ceassed not vntil this Keneth submitted himself offered to receiue prince of Scotlande whom king Edward would appoint where vpon this Edward proclaymed one Malcolme to be prince of Scotlande who immediatly came into England here did homage to the same Kyng Edwarde This Edwarde reigned in this state by some writers xii yeres and by some others but ii yeres Etheldred brother of this Edwarde succeded next king of Englande against whom Swayn kyng of Dēmarke cōspired with this last Malcolme then kyng of Scottes But shortly after this Malcolme sorowfully submitted himselfe into the defēce of Etheldred who consideryng that that whiche could not be amended must onely be repēted benignely receiued him by helpe of whose seruice at last Etheldred recouered his realme againe out of the hādes of Swayn reigned ouer y e whole Monarchy xxxviii yeres Edmund surnamed Ironside sonne of this Etheldred was next kyng of England in whose tyme Canut a Dane inuaded y e realme with warres but at last Canut maried with Eme somtyme wife of Etheldred and mother of this Edmund this Eme as arbitrice betwene her naturall loue to the one matrimoniall duetie to the other procured suche amitee betwene theim that Edmund was contented to deuide the realme with Canut kepyng to himselfe all England on thisside Humber gaue al the rest beyond Humber with the seignorie of Scotland to this Canut wherevpon Malcolme then kyng of Scottes after a litle customable resistence did homage to y e same Canut for the kyngdom of Scotlād this Canut held the same ouer of this Edmund kyng of Englande by the like seruices This Canut in memory of his victory glorye of his seignorie ouer the Scottes commaunded this Malcolme their kyng to builde a churche in Buchquhan in Scotlande where a fielde betwene him theim was fought to be dedicate to Olanus patron of Norway Denmarke which Churche was by the same Malcolme builded accordyngly Edward called the confessour soonne of Etheldred and brother to Edmund Ironside was nexte kyng of al England he receiued the homage of the same Malcolm kyng of Scottes for the kyngdome of Scotlande This Edwarde perused the olde lawes of the realme somewhat added to some of theim as to the law of Edgar for y e wardship of the landes vntil the heire should accōplishe the age of .xxi. yeres he added that the mariage of suche heire shuld also belong to the lord of whom the same lād should be holden Also that euery woman mariyng a freman should notwithstādyng she had no children by that husband enioy the third parte of his inheritaunce duryng her life with many other lawes whiche y e same Malcolme king of Scottes obeyed whiche aswell by theim in Scotlande as by vs in Englande be obserued to this daie whiche directly proueth y e whole to be then vnder his obeysaūce But here to make some digressiō though y e more parte of these Eldredes lawes be both godly politique yet this addicion to Edgars law touchyng the mariage of the heire except in cases of prīces in whose persons the commō weale of people and countreys depende among men either ciuil or politique semeth to depende more of lucre then godlynes for that thereby he to whose yeres nature doeth not geue discrecion to refuse must take that a wife and she peraduenture of the like age or vnder in whiche choise euery of them must iudge by another mans affeccion see with another mans iye say yea with another mans tong and finally cōsent with another mans heart for none of these senses be pertited to the parties in that minoritie and so the eleccion beyng vnfree and the yeres vnripe eche of thē almost of necessitee must hate other whom yet they haue had no iudgement to loue To declare what innumerable inconueniences deuorces yea and some murders haue of these vngodly mariages or rather no mariages at all proceded the present tyme sheweth so many examples as we may see sufficient cause to bewaile the tyme present ▪ but the greatest iniury is to God the redresse onely belongeth to a kyng in whom like as the same God hath caused more vertues to mete then in any other kyng or creature at those yeres so we doubt not but that his Godhed wyll vouchesafe to preserue his highnes with then crease of knowlege to y e godly redresse of these and all other enormities and abuses to the comfort and reioyse of vs his louyng and happye obedient subiectes But I wil returne to the Scot. By reason of this lawe Malcolme the sonne of Dunkayn next inheritor to the croune of Scotlande beyng within age was by the nobles of Scotlād deliuered as warde to the custodie of this kyng Edwarde duryng whose minoritie one Makebeth a Scot trayterously vsurped the croune of Scotlād against whom this kyng Edwarde made warre in whiche the same Makebeth was ouercome and slayne and therevpon this Malcolme was crouned kyng of Scottes at Stone in the .viii. yere of y e reigne of this kyng Edwarde This Malcolme by tenor of the sayd newe lawe of wardship was maried vnto Margaret by the disposicion of the same kyng Edwarde and at his ful age did homage to this kyng Edwarde for the kyngdome of Scotland This Edwarde hauyng no issue of his bodye mistrustyng that Harold y e sōne of Goodwyn discended of the doughter of Harold Harefoote the Dane would vsurp the croune if he should leaue it to his cosyn Edgar Edling beyng then within age and partly by y e peticiō of his subiectes who before had sworne neuer to receiue any kynges ouer theim of the Danes nacion did by his substanciall wyll in writyng deuise the croune of great Briteigne vnto Willyam then duke of Normandye and to his heires cōstitutyng him his heire testamentary Also there was proximitee in bloud betwene thē for Eme doughter of Richarde duke of Normādy was wife vnto Etheldred on whom he begat Alured and this Edward this Willyam was sonne of Robert sonne of Richarde brother of the whole bloud to the same Eme by this appeareth that this Willyā was heire by title and not by cōquest Albeit partely to extinguishe y e mistrust of other titles partely for the glory of his victory he chalēged y e name of a coqueror hath bene so written This kyng Willyam called the cōqueror to