Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	efficient_a	form_n	matter_n	3,803	5	6.2043	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48810	The Latine grammar. Or, A guide teaching a compendious way to attaine exact skill in the Latine tongue for a proper congruity and elegant variety of phrases in prose and verse. Published for the common good in continuation of a former guide, teaching to read English rightly, and write accordingly. By Richard Lloyd.; Latine grammar.	Lloyd, Richard, 1594 or 5-1659.	1653 (1653)	Wing L2669; ESTC R216873	89,911	211

The Latine GRAMMAR OR A Guide teaching a compendious way to attaine exact Skill in the LATINE TONGUE FOR A proper Congruity and elegant variety of Phrases in Prose and Verse Published for the Common good in continuation of a former Guide teaching to read English rightly and Write accordingly By Richard Lloyd LONDON Printed by Thomas Roycroft for the Author Anno Dom. 1653. The Latine Grammar OR A Guide teaching a compendious way to attaine exact skill in the Latine Tongue c. Of Grammar GRammar is a Series o● rules directing to write and speak congruously whence the true meaning of words may be cert●inly known And it hath two parts Etymologie and Syntaxe Of Etymologie Etymologie doth teach the affectious of words specially such as concerne the variations of parts of Speech Of parts of Speech The principall parts of speech are three 1 Nouns that betoken things 2 Verbs that betoken a doing or suffering of the things 3 Adverbs that signifie some circumstance belonging to the things or to the doing or suffering of them All regular Nowns and Verbs are variable by proper affections But Adverbs are invariable savi●g b● common accidents Of common Accidents The common affections equally belonging to all parts of Speech are two the forme and figure Of the Forme The forme doth consist in the signification of wor●s for which they were ordained Of the Figure The figure doth consist in the origination of words distinguishing them as Primitives and Derivatives Of a two fold forme or signification of words The signification of Words is either genuine and literall according to their originall institution or Tropologicall and translatitious with Anologie to the literall for words change sense each with other proportionably to the bonds of union or marks of opposition known between them wherefore in a consentaneous sense any part will denominate the whole or the whole any part having essentiall union each with other by a Trope called Synecdoche likewise the cause will denominate its owne effect or a subject it s own adjunct and contrariwise having naturall union amongst themselves by a Trope called Metonymia others having a Relative union as they resemble so accordingly they may denominate one another by a Trope called Metaphora Lastly in a di●entaneous sense when the gesture and pronunciation of the speaker compared with a knowne condition of the thing or party spoken of doe evidence a contrariety between the words and meaning it is by a Trope called Ironia Of the Tropologicall forme or borrowed sense of words A Trope doth modifie the sense of words in proportion to their native use instituted either 1 For supply where proper words are wanting or 2 To civilize proper words which seem offensive or 3 When the words are decent to beget variety the main object of delight And it should be regulated with ingenuity perspicuity and moderation for Jewels are not to cloath the body but to adorne some eminent parts thereof besides that the best things growing common become contemptible in fine when the literall sense of words with good Authors doth breed absurdity the Trope must rectifie it And there is no such Author without Tropes nor any student that can attaine their meaning without previous skill therein as principles Of Synecdoche By Synecdoche either the Genus that is common and universall doth give name unto the Species being some particular comprehended under it as Atrides for Agamemnon whereas Atreus had another Sonne Cytha●aea for Venus Nequam for Diabolus And thereto belongeth any other Nown used by the figure Antonomasia Orator for Cicero Poeta for Homerus Urbs for Roma quadrupes for Equus mortalis for Homo ventus for Auster ne crede colori for pulchritudini bello virtus dignoscitur for spectatur fortitudo uteris authoritate intemperantius for iracundius semper ebrius for saepe And contrariwise the species doth give name unto the genus as Anglus perit for Angli the singular for the plurall Cato Curii for sapiens frugales Boreas for ventus pontus for Mare nectar for Vinum Charta Papyri ●audex for membrana fides Punica for fallax aut afflicta omnium gemitu triumphas for gaudes vivit bacchanalia for Intemperanter parum abest for nihil aut non The finite for infinite or else the totall or integrall doth give name unto the parte or members as Catone sepulto for Catonis corpore bibit Ara●im for aquam prosternit silvam for Arbores Graeci for Argivi tertium portu pe●egit annum for Hyemem mendicant ostiatim for ad Ostia divitum vellet dimicare viritim for singulatim And contrariwise the part doth denominate the whole animaque litavit for homine arbiter est oculus for oculatus aes for nummus ferrum aut mucro for gladius pi●us prora puppis for Navis imen Janua par●es tectum for Domus maenia for Vrbs te septima portat omnibus errantem ter ris et fluctibus aestas for annus quiescit for dormit momentaria caecitate percussus for subita pedetentim venit for tarde Thus whether the whole doth name the part or a part the whole either-way they advance each other the whole naming a majori doth ascribe its entire worth and honour to the part thence named the part naming ab insigniori doth nobilitate the whole by its eminency without which none should denominate Wherefore we call a Foole stultum caput not calcaneum because the heele is uncapable of discretion And a devout person pium pectus not cerebrum the seate of affection complying mostly with devotion Last this trope hath precedence before the rest as grounded on the neerest bond of union to witt the inward causes of matter and forme and is seconded by Metonymia grounded on the outward causes Of Metonymia By Metonymia the externall cause being the 1. efficient 2. instrument or 3. end is put for the effect 1. Ae●neadae for Aeneae posteritas Lucanus legitur for poema Aethiopes multum monstrant in corpore solem for nigredinem praeceps ira insolens victoria and most epithets jugulat for occidit segnius inslat for tardius 2. Lingua for sermo manus for scriptura arma for bellum 3. Justitia for patibulum aris imponit honorem for victimam And contrariwise the Effect is put for the Cause 1. Garminibus metus omnis abest for poetis Libycae clades for Scipiadae expalluit for timui● sudavit for laboravit 2. Direxit vulnera for tela 3. serta legunt for flores Onom●topoeia doth belong to a Metonymie of the effect as bomhus apum for id soni The subject also doth give name unto the adiuncts taken largly whether inherent therein or adhering thereto which way are used 1. The seat for quality non tibi plus cordis sed minus oris inest for prudentiae verecundiae 2. The continent for the thing contained focus for ignis poculum ebibit for vinum specially places for inhabitants or things done therein Africa belligerat for Africani carcer

same sense and structure being seven The Indicative Imperative Subiunctive Participle Infi●itive Gerund and Supine Of the Indicative Verbs of the Indicative whence all other Moods are formed either aske a Question or give a reason of doing or suffering as Quo vadis Oxoniam peto Of the Imparative Verbs Imperative either 1 Command by authority or 2 Advise as a duty or 3 Grant to importunity or 4 Crave as curtesse 1. Paeni Sicilia excedunto 2. Fraus omnis abesto 3 Re●tuas tibi habe 4. Dil caeptis aspirate Of the Subjunctive A verb Subiunctive doth commonly interpret another principall verb being allwayes the Indicative or Imperative and therefore hath a precedent Coniunctive adverb causall or conditionall put thereto or implyed therewith being familiarly resolved to the Infinitive as Jubeo valeas or ut valeas or te valere so cave facias or ne facias or cave facere Otherwise the Subiunctive by Enallage standeth for the Imperative called either permissive and potentia●l resolvible to the Infinitive with possum volo debeo or with the Impersonalls licet libet oportet as vitiis aeque omnibus abhorreas or te vitiis aeque omnibus abhorrere oportet Or else an Optative being then ioyned with an Adverb of wishing and resolvible to the Infinitive with quaeso precor opto as utinam dictis Al●ane maneres or te dictis manere opto Of the Participle The Participle an amphibious kind partaketh with Nouns in Declension by Case and Gender and with Verbs in Coniugation by tense signification and construction and with both in number and person Wherefore the two futures retaining constantly both tense and structure are constant Moods of verbs as Mulier Graios visura Penates or Cui Graiorum Penates visendi The present and preterperfect tense then only are Moods when they keep expresse mention of time and the same structure as vinum amans or qui amat segnitiem exosus or qui odit polenta pransus or qui pransit Else words of either tenses become Nounes desisting to be Moods of verbs by deposing the tense structure as Vini amans or amator which alwayes happeneth when such words admit a different Figure from the verbs whence they ate derived either by composition as impatiens operis indoctus lyrae or a Comparative intension as quanto reverentior ille deorum tanto sit reliquis ornatior unus habetur prae reliquis longe cultissimus Of the Infinitive Verbs of the Infinitive Mood are construed regularly with adiectivall nouns or verbs as miles audax est or audet occidere et occidi But irregularly and figuratively by Enallage they sometimes stand for a Nominative Aptote as humanum est irasci sometimes for a Genitive of the Gerund as m●tere tempus erat for metendi sometime for the Indicative as Tum pius Aeneas as humeris abscindere vestem for abscindebat or Elliptically another verb may be understood therewith as abscendere caepit Of Gerunds Gerunds being the second future put Substantively are used in the singular number only to expresse the administration of affairs And being Genitives are accordingly construed with a former Substantive either expressed as vivendi ratio or understood with adiectivall nouns or verbs as Id fecit assentandi potius quam quod gratum haberet supply causa which construction is sometimes found of Gerundivalls as Instituitur imperium reipublicae augendae supply gratia And the Genitives of Gerund are sometimes used for the Gerundivalls by Enallage as licentia diripiendi pomorum for diripiendorum pomorum sometimes also by Enallage the Infinitive doth come in place thereof as Non datur ad Musas currere lata via for currendi In the Dative acquisitive Gerunds are construed either with verbs as operam navat exorando nec flendo modum facit or flendi where the latter of two Substantives is changed to a Dative or with Adiectives as tundendo inhabile ferrum scribendo papyrus inutilis and the Adiectives are sometimes understood as Non sunt aes alienum solvendo supply pares idonei and such like In the Dative Ablativall Gerunds are construed with prepositionall Adverbs expressed or understood as in judicando criminosa celeritas cantando rumpitur anguis In the Accusative Gerunds are construed with Prepositions constantly expressed as locus ad agendum amplissimus The Nominative is commonly a gerundival keeping the construction of the passive voice as vobis bibendum aut abeundum where the Acquisitive is commonly understood But by a Grec●siue seldome used in the latine it will admit Cases of the verb as armorum si nobis carendum pugnent alii amicos tibi demerendum resolved by oportet aut opus est amicos te demereri or ut demerearis Of Supines The Supine so called as regardlesse of affections belonging thereunto is construed with verbs of motion notifying the tearme or end thereof as tui misertum venio Graiis servitum matribus ibant scitatum oracula missi coctum non vapulatum conducti sunt ire with the first and iri with the last being understood nolo Uxorem filio datum aut has litteras sibi renunciatum iri de injuriis questum itur Legantur socios rogatum resolved rogaturi rogare or ut rogarent socios The Dative Ablativall of the Supine may be construed with verbs of motion like other Substantives but is no Mood of a verb for it admitteth no casuall word thereof as redit venatione or venatu ferarum not feras And moreover will be construed with Adiectives which construction the Supine will not admit as facile mirum arduum fas opus turpe factu or fieri not factum or facere or factum ire Lastly but few Deponents will forme this Ablati●all as dignum imitatu Differences of the seven Moods The Indicative and Subjunctive are definite in time person and number and likewise the Imperative in all three but notwithstanding it is defective in time present or past nor lyable to command or counsell and also in the first person for all men do allow themselves full liberty The Participle is indefinite only in person The Infinitive in Person and Number Gerunds and Supines are indefinite in all three making no expresse mention of time person or number though Gerunds do participate with second futures and both Gerunds and Supines are singular Lastly either of both admit a signification promiscuously Active or Passive being resolvible to either voice but the Supine more commonly to the Active and Gerunds to the Passive whence they are derived Of the variation of Moods The future of the Indicative is used for a most binding Imperative as non occides for ne occidito but specially the Participle of the second future as vincendum tibi aut moriendum for aut omnino vince aut porsus morere or in Hebraisme moriendo morieris Participles of the present or the Gerunds notifying the efficient cause are resolved to the Indicative with dum cum quia si postquam as