not of the matter What is the cause efficient That which maketh or worketh any thing and is the authour thereof as the Carpenter is the cause efficient of the house and Shipwright of the ship What is the end or finall cause It is that for whose sake any thing is done as the end of warre is to haue peace the end of studie is to get learning and knowledge Giue examples of definitions made of euery one of these causes Of matter let this bee your example Beere is a drinke made of mault water and hops Of forme thus Man is a sensible bodie endued with a soule intellectiue or reasonable which is the true shape of man Of the cause efficient thus That is a Decree of the Senate which the Senate commandeth and ordaineth for the Senate is the cause efficient of the Decree Anger or wrath is the boiling of the bloud about the heart through the stirring vp of choler Of the end thus A house is a building made to defend our bodies from the iniuries of the aire and weather May not a good definition be made of many of these causes ioined together Yes indeed Giue example Loe here the example of Demosthenes in defining what Law is Law saith he is the inuention and gift of God and the decree of wise men the correction of crimes either rashly or aduisedly committed and a common couenant or consent of the Citie according to the which all men ought to liue In this definition the first and chiefest cause efficient is God the second cause efficient is the common couenant or consent of the Citie the matter is the decree of the wise the end is the correction of crimes and the keeping of the Citizens in good order of life When is a definition said to be made by the Relatiue When one Relatiue is interpreted by another as thus He is a father which hath a sonne and he is a master which hath a seruant When is a definition said to be made by the effects vertues or offices of the thing defined When the nature of the thing is plainly declared by shewing the said effects or offices as thus An adamant stone is that which being laid nigh to iron or steele draweth the steele vnto him Iustice is a vertue which giueth euery man his right When is a definition said to be made by numbering vp of the parts When it containeth either the chiefe or all the parts of some whole thing or else all the speciall kindes of some generall kinde Giue examples of both these waies Of the first thus A house is a building hauing a foundation walles and couering Of the second way thus A sensible body is that which comprehendeth both man and bruit beast When is a definition said to be made by heaping vp of accidents When a thing is rather described then defined by such common and proper accidents as doe belong to the same as fire is an element that is hot and drie and exceedeth all other elements in lightnesse and therefore this last kinde of definition ought rather to be called a description then a definition which is vsuall to the Poets Orators and Historiographers in describing either person fact or thing also to the Physicians in describing their simples as roots plants herbes and such like CHAP. II. Of the precepts to be obserued in Definition HOw many precepts are to be obserued in making a true definition These three First that it briefly expresse the whole power and nature of the thing defined Secondly that there be nothing therein superfluous nor any thing wanting Thirdly that the definition be not common to many things but proper to that thing only which is defined so as it may make it to differ from all other things What order is to be obserued in making a dialecticall definition First you must know in what predicament the thing is contained which you would define to the intent that in descending from the most generall kinde downe towards the most spâ—…ciall kinde of the same predicament ye may finde out by the way that which is next generall kinde to the thing that is to be defined which next generall kinde being found out yee must then seeke out the speciall difference or propertie the proper cause effect or common accidents belonging to the same as for example if ye would define what vertue is ye must resort to the predicament of qualitie wherein vertue is contained then in descending from qualitie proceed to habit from habit to habit of the minde which is twofold that is to say intellectuall and morall and not finding it vnder habit intellectuall proceed to habit morall for that is the next generall kinde to vertue that done seeke out the difference or propertie true cause or effect the difference is to be good wherein it differeth from vice for vice is also a morall habit as well as vertue the effect of vertue is to incline mans will to doe alwaies according to right reason or true iudgement so shall you make a true definition of vertue in saying that vertue is a good morall habit inclining mans will to doe alwaies according to true iudgement And after this sort yee may learne to define any other thing CHAP. III. Of Diuision WHat is Diuision Diuision is the parting or diuiding of a word or thing that is more generall vnto other words or things lesse generall for Diuision is twofold that is of a name and of a thing When is it said to be the diuision of a name When some Equinoke or doubtfull word is diuided into his manifold significations as this word Wolfe into a man hauing that name into a foure-footed beast into an vlcerous sore and into a certaine fish each one called by the name of Wolfe which kinde of distinction or diuision is very necessarâ—…e to auoid ambiguitie of speech which ambiguitie causeth many times great errour How manifold is the diuision of a thing It is threefold that is substantiall partible and accidentall When is it properly said to be substantiall When any generall kinde is diuided by his speciall differences into his proper speciall kindes as thus of sensible bodies one is reasonable as man and another is vnreasonable as a bruit beast When is this kinde of diuision to be vsed When the speciall kindes lacke proper names as most commonly the speciall kindes subalternate doe which may be diuided againe as generall kindes into more speciall kindes as for example of vnreasonable beasts some be terrestriall some bee aquaticall and some aierie againe euery one of these may bee diuided into their speciall kindes euen vntill ye come to the lowest of all and vnto the Indiuiduums comprehended vnder the same and that not only of things contained in the predicament of substance but also in any other predicaments of accidents as of magnitudes one is long as a line another is broad as a superficies and another is thicke as a body This diuision though it â—…e of accidents contained
is mingled with concupiscence whereof it is a part for concupiscence is the generall kinde of all lusts or desires But this precept seemeth rather to appertaine to a Rhetoricall partition then a Dialecticall diuision To what end serueth Diuision To diuers good ends First as Cicero saith it helpeth greatâ—…y to teach plainly to define and to make things that be compound intricate or confused to appeare simple plaine and certaine Secondly by diuiding things orderly into their parts it greatly helpeth memorie and thirdly it helpeth to amplifie any kinde of speech and to make it more copious CHAP. V. Of Method HAuing hitherto sufficiently spoken of words both singular and vniuersall and also of Definition and Diuision which are the two chiefe instruments whereby all simple questions are discussed I minde here to shew with what order or method euery such question is to be handled What is Method Method is a compendious way of learning or teaching any thing and it is three-fold that is to say Compositiue Resolutiue and Diuisiue or definitiue What is method compositiue It is that whereby wee compound the whole of his parts beginning at the smallest and so proceed from greater to greater vntill we come to the chiefe end whereto we tend which kinde of order or method we obserue here in writing this Logicke for first we treat of words or termes then of a proposition and last of all of a Syllogisme So likewise he that will teach the nighest way from Norwich to London by order compositiue will bid him first go to Windham from Windham to Atleborough from Atleborough to Thetford from Thetford to Newmarket from Newmarket to Barkway from Barkway to Ware from Ware to London What is method resolutiue It is that whereby any whole thing is resolued into his parts or when wee proceed from the end to the next and immediate cause thereof and from that to the next cause of that and so from one to another vntill we come to the first cause of all and most remote and furthest off as when we resolue a Syllogisme into his Propositions and a proposition into his vttermost bounds or termes which are the subiect and the predicate and this way is vnlike to the other before recited because it goeth backward as in the former example If ye will teach the way from Norwich to London by method resolutiue ye must say that there is a Towne called Ware twentie miles from London next to that is a Towne called Barkway and so till yee come to that which was first in method compositiue To these two methods Galen addeth the third method that is method diuisiue or definitiue What is that method It is when in defining and diuiding we descend orderly from a most generall kinde to all the speciall kindes contained vnder the same and so to the lowest of all as hauing to speake of qualitie we define it and diuide it into his foure speciall kindes and euery such speciall kinde into his parts and members euen till we come to the lowest of all as you see in the Table of qualitie before described Which kinde of method is more fully handled by my friend Accontio in his little Treatise which he wrote in Latine de methodo the effect of which booke I thinke it not out of purpose to set downe euen here The effect of Accontius his booke de methodo which he affirmeth to be the second part or office of Logicke FOr the first office of Logicke teacheth how to finde out the truth in any speech but method teacheth how to attaine to the Art or knowledge of any thing In which method three things as he saith are to be considered First what method is Secondly what is the effect or vttermost end thereof Thirdly what be the causes of that end or effect Method is a certaine right way whereby wee may search out the knowledge of any thing and hauing attained it how to teach the same commodiously to any other without examining whether it be true or false for that belongeth to the first part of Logicke The effect or vttermost end of method is the knowledge of anything The causes of that end are these three forme matter and cause efficient Forme here seemeth to be that which is knowne by all the parts of such knowledge being gathered together as it were into one selfe body which parts are these first what the thing is secondly what be the causes thereof and also what be the causes of those causes euen to the last or vttermost cause thirdly what be the effects and also what be the effects of those effects as well when the thing is taken generally as for some whole thing or as when the whole is diuided into all his parts euen vnto the parts indiuisible Matter here is generally taken and not for the matter of any determinate or certaine kinde vnto which matter doe appertaine all things that be finite perpetuall and immutable that is to say all vniuersals The causes efficient are partly those things that are more knowne as first to know what the thing is by definition consisting of the generall kinde and of the differences thereto belonging secondly what is the effect or end of the thing as in those things which doe not depend vpon our will and thirdly what be the causes of that end or effect the consideration of which end belongeth to those things which doe depend vpon our will and partly the cause efficient is the right applying or ordering of the more knowne things which order containeth two parts for first wee must proceed alwaies from the most generall kindes to the next generall kindes as hauing to begin with the definition of the thing which you seeke to know when need requireth you must proceed from the most generall kinde of all that is to say from the highest generall kinde and so descend downward vntill you come to the thing that is to be defined but if you haue to begin from the vttermost end of the thing then next of al consider that from whence the end doth immediately spring and what doth follow next to that and so proceed from one to another till you come to the first cause of all Finally if you haue to begin from the first causes then you must orderly proceed from that which is first vnto the second and so to the third and so forth vntill you come to the vttermost effect or last end Now as touching the second part of applying or ordering the more knowne things you must haue consideration of euery whole thing and of all his parts wherefore if you haue to define any thing Art or science whereof you treat you must define the whole and then euery part thereof vntill you come to the lowest part thereof and yet euery one in his proper place And if you cannot comprehend in one definition all those things that are to be referred to one head then vse diuision in diuiding the whole into his parts and define euery
such part in order But if all the parts which the thing containeth haue not one selfe end but diuers then diuide it by such differences as euery part may haue his proper end Moreouer if the forme matter or cause efficient haue diuers respects and considerations then according to that diuersitie make diuers diuisions and first declare what is common to all the parts in generall and what is proper to euery one in particular Finally if some one whole thing lieth hidden then it is to bee found out by looking into some of the particular parts thereof And these are al the chiefest points contained in the Latine Treatise which my friend Aâ—…ontius wrote de methodo And though that Petrus Ramus maketh but one kinde of method that is to say to proceed from the first principles or elements yet I am sure he will not denie but that to goe forward and backward be two diuers things though not contrarie as doth well appeare by the compositiue and resolutiue method before defined I doe not yet perfectly vnderstand by all this with what method a simple question is to be handled therefore I pray you shew the true way and order thereof The method or way in handling a simple question dependeth vpon these 9. Interrogatiues that is to say 1. First what significations the name or word hath whereof the question is made and how it is to be taken 2. Secondly whether there bee any such thing or not 3. Thirdly what it is 4. Fourthly what be the parts or speciall kindes thereof 5. Fiftly what be the causes 6. Sixtly what be the effects 7. Seuenthly what things be incident or appurtenant vnto it 8. Eightly what things are like vnto it 9. And ninthly what things bee contrarie to it All which questions Aristotle reduceth into these foure that is to say Whether it be What it is What manner of thing it is and Why it is Giue example of a simple question handled according to the nine questions before recited As for example If we haue to treat of vertue first wee must shew the diuers significations of vertue for vertue signifieth sometime power and abilitie as when we say vertue attractiue vertue digestiue or vertue expulsiue but here vertue is to be taken for a morall habit bringing forth good and commendable actions Secondly whether vertue be or not it plainly appeareth by the diuers doings of men whereof some bee good some bee bad Thirdly what vertue is we know by the definition thereof in saying that vertue is a morall habit inclining mans will to doe that which is alwaies good and agreeable to true iudgement Fourthly the kindes of vertue be diuers as Prudence Iustice Temperance Fortitude Modestie and such like Fiftly the causes of vertue be also diuers for the cause efficient thereof is good and mans will obedient to true reason and to true judgement the matter or subiect of vertue is the minde or heart of man the finall cause is blessednesse Sixtly the effect of vertue is tranquillitie of the minde and many prosperous successes and also publike vtilitie and peace Seuenthly things incident to vertue are these the honour praise and commendation of good men Eightly things of affinitie or like to vertue be all good inclinations dispositions or good naturall affections as to be louing kinde and mercifull Ninthly things contrarie to vertue bee all manner of vices as pride couetousnesse hypocrisie dissimulation c. What method is to be obserned in handling a compound question A compound question is to be handled by arguing and reasoning on both sides whereof wee shall treat hereafter In the meane time we haue to speake of a Proposition without the which no argument can be made for all arguments doe consist of propositions Here endeth the second Booke THE ART OF LOGICKE THE THIRD BOOKE CHAP. I. Of a Proposition WHat is a Proposition It is a perfect speech whereby something is manifestly declared to be true or false Whereof is such speech specially compounded Of Noune and Verbe which Noune would be of the Nominatiue case and the Verbe of the Indicatiue Mood as when I say Man is a sensible body for the Logicians do seldome allow any such speeches as are either of the Optatiue Imperatiue Interrogatiue or Vocatiue Mood as I would to God I had a good horse this speech is not accounted to be so true or certaine as to say I haue a good horse Of how many parts doth a Proposition consist Of three that is to say the Subiect Predicat and Copulat What is the Copulat It is the Verbe Substantiue called in Latine Sum es fui that is to be which doth couple or ioine the Predicat with his Subiect as when we say Man is a sensible body here in this proposition the word man is the subiect and the word sensible body is the predicat and the Verbe is is the copulat which copulat is not alwaies incident to euery proposition and specially when the predicat is some other Verbe and not the Verbe substantiue as Plato disputeth Socrates walketh which is as much to say as Plato is disputing Socrates is walking How many waies is a proposition diuided Three manner of waies that is according to substance qualitie and quantitie According to substance thus Of propositions some are said to be categoricall that is simple and some hypotheticall that is compound of which compound propositions we minde not to speake before we haue treated of all things belonging to a categoricall and simple proposition which is twofold that is to say absolute and modall What is an absolute categoricall proposition It is a speech which affirmeth or denieth something absolutely without any respect as when we say God is true or Euery man is a lier and this is otherwise called of the Logicians Propositio categorica de inesse How is a simple proposition diuided according to qualitie Into an affirmatiue and negatiue proposition When is it said to be affirmatiue and when negatiue It is said to be affirmatiue when the predicat is affirmed of the subiect as when I say that Iohn is learned and that is negatiue when the predicat is denied of the subiect as Iohn is not learned And note that in such kinde of speech the negatiue is alwaies ioined to the Verbo How many waies is a simple proposition diuided according to quantitie Foure manner of waies that is to say into an vniuersall particular indefinite and singular proposition When is it said to be vniuersall When some vniuersall signe is added to the subiect Which words are said to be vniuersall signes These all euery whatsoeuer whosoeuer none no body not one none at all euery where no where and such like as Euery man is a lier No man is true When is it said to be a particular proposition When some particular signe is added to the subiect Which call you particular signes These some any many few and such like as Some man is wise Few are wise When
with the good thou shalt be good and with the froward thou shalt learne frowardnesse What bee the Maxims of this place If one thing being put to another endueth the same with any quality that thing must needes haue the same qualitie it selfe I doe place this place next to action because it seemeth to me that it appertaineth to action Of common Accidents WHat cast yee common Accidents I call those common Accidents such things as are either alwaies or for the most part so knit together as the one goeth before or after the other or els accompany each one the other whereof some are necessarie and some probable How may we reason from the Necessarie Both affirmatiuely and negatiuely and first affirmatiuely by the latter part thus This Appletree hath flowers Ergo it hath budded It hath fruit Ergo it hath both budded and flowred This woman is brought to bed of a childe Ergo she hath conceiued Negatiuely by the former part thus This woman neuer conceiued Ergo she can bring forth no childe This man neuer studied Ergo he is not learned What be the maxims of this place If the latter be the former must needs goe before and if the former were not the latter cannot be Of Probable Accidents Coniectures Presumptions Signes and Circumstances HOw may we reason from Probable Accidents From Probable Accidents you may reason Affirmatiuely thus The feast of Bacehus is this day celebrated Ergo there will bee many drunken this day The generall Sessions are holden this day Ergo there will be some hanged What be the maxims of this place If the latter be it is likely that the former went before and if the former bee it is like enough the latter may sollow but you must beware in reasoning from this place that you fetch not your argument from such Accidents as chance but seldome or be indifferent for such be neither necessarie nor probable but sophisticall and fallible as to reason thus Shee is a faire woman Ergo she is vnchast Whereto serueth the place of common Accidents In the Iudiciall kinde it helpeth greatly to proue the fact In the Demonstratiue kinde to praise or dispraise In the Deliberatiue kinde to perswade or disswade and to gather together all Coniectures meete for the purpose and therefore this place is much vsed of natural Philosophers to proue things by naturall signes or by Physiognomie also of Astrologers â—…o proue dearth mortalitie and such like by wonders and monsters as by blazing starres and such like impressions Also it is much vsed of Chiromancers Southsayers and such as vse to iudge by Coniectures and therefore this place extendeth very farre and serueth to many vses Hitherto also are referred the places of circumstances and chiefely of time and place from whence good arguments may be fetched Of Time HOw are arguments fetched from time Negatiuely thus Pythag was not borne in Numa Pompilius time Ergo Numa was not Pythagoras scholler The ceremoniall lawes of Moses were made for a certaine time Ergo after that time they doe not bind What be the Maxims of this place Nothing can bee without time for if time bee taken away the thing also must needs faile Of Place HOw are arguments fetched from place Negatiuely thus Cicero was not at Rome when Iulius Caesar was slaine Ergo Cicero slew him not What is the maxime of this place No certain body or thing is without a place neither is one bodie at one time in diuers places and thus much touching inward places Of outward Places and first of Causes WHich be outward Places Outward places bee those which appertaine to the thing and yet doe not cleaue thereunto of which places the first is of Causes and Effects What is a Cause A Cause is that by vertue wherof another thing followeth How many chiefe kindes of Causes be there Foure that is to say the Cause Efficient the end matter and shape of the two last whereof we haue spoken before because they be inward places and doe belong to the Substance of the thing and therefore we haue to deale onely here with the cause Efficient and end Of the Cause Efficient WHat is that cause Efficient and how is it deuided Cause Efficient is that from whence proceedeth the first beginning of any thing that is made or done and is the maker thereof As for example the Carpenter is the Cause Efficient of the house which he maketh and so is euery Artificer of his owne worke Causes Efficient are deuided into two kinds that is to say Cause Absolute and Cause Adiuuant Cause Absolute worketh by his owne force and vertue as the fire that burneth Cause Adiuuant worketh not by himselfe but is a helper and such cause is sometime principall as vertue is a Principall Cause of blessed life and sometime not Principal as the gifts of the body and of fortune be helpers to the happy life but not Principall Causes thereof Againe of Causes some are of Necessitie without which the thing cannot be made as the Instrument or matter and some are said not to be of Necessitie as when we say The speaking of truth causeth hatred and yet not of Necessitie Also of Causes Efficient some be Vniuersall and some Particular as the Eclipse or euill Coniunction of certaine Planets is the Vniuersal cause of Pestilence but the corruption of humours in mans body is the particular cause thereof Againe of causes some bee called of the Latins Propinquae that is to say nigh vnto the Effect as the father and mother be the nighest Causes of Generation of Children And some be called Remotae that is to say remoued causes which be further of as the Grandsâ—…rs and Grandames of the said children Moreouer of Causes Efficient some work by a certaine naturall Necessity as those that lack choise and iudgement as fire that burneth and the Sun that shineth and all other naturall things that doe work by their own force and vertue Some againe do work by counsell reason and free-will as men Angels and most chiefely God himselfe How may we reason from the Efficient Cause to the Effect From the necessarie Efficient Cause you may reason both Affirmatiuely and Negatiuely Affirmatiuely thus The Sun is lately gone downe Ergo it is twilight Negatiuely thus The Sunne was not vp when Troy was destroyed Ergo Troy was not destroyed in the day time but from the Efficient not Necessarie you can reason but onely Affirmatiuely thus He is slaine Ergo he is dead but you cannot say he is not slaine Ergo he is not dead What be the maxims of this Place The Necessarie Cause Efficient not letted the Effect must needs follow as if he hath drunken poison he must needs die But if such Cause faileth the effect also must needs faile as the Sunne is not vp Ergo it is not day He neuer studied Ergo he is not learned to which place may be referred the places of occasion Instrument Meane and Generation How may we reason
in this life to fly vice and to embrace vertue from whence all good actions doe spring Logically thus Euery man shall render account at the last day of all his deeds both good and bad and shall receiue a iust reward according to the same Ergo Euery man whilest he liueth in this world ought to fly vice and to embrace vertue From the cause efficient SIth Man was created by God the Creator of all things and Author of all goodnesse excellencie and vertue and was formed according to the very Image and likenesse of God it behoueth man therefore to imitate his Creator and by leading a godly and vertuous life to shew that hee is somewhat like him though not able in all things to attaine to the perfection of so perfect a patterne Logically thus God the cause efficient is good therefore Man being the effect ought to be good From the End THe Prophets and Apostles inspired with the Holy Ghost Author of all Truth by many their writings doe testifie that the greatnesse and excellencie of that blessednesse wherunto Man is created is such as no man is able to expresse with tongue nor in his heart or minde to conceiue the same wherfore sith Man is created to such exceeding great blessednesse it behoueth him to embrace vertue which is the very meane and way to bring him to that blessednesse Logically thus Sith most glorious blessednes is the end of Man Man therfore ought to embrace vertue that he may attaine to that end What arguments are to be gathered on the behalfe of the Predicate and from what places These that follow and such like and first from the definition thus From the Definition of the Predicate SIth Vertue is a morall habite whereby Mans will and all his actions are alwayes directed to God and gouerned according to true iudgement and thereby are made most acceptable both to God and Man Man therefore ought to embrace Vertue from whence such noble fruits doe spring Logically thus Man ought to loue that habite from whence all honest actions doe spring therefore man ought to loue Vertue From the Description MAn ought with all endeuour to follow that thing wherby he may attaine not a vaine and transitorie glory but a true and euerlasting glory and thereby to be made acceptable both to God and Man Wherefore Man ought to embrace Vertue from whence such glory springeth Logically thus That thing is worthy to be beloued of Man which getteth him euerlasting glory Therefore Vertue is worthy to be beloued From the Etymologie SIth Vertue if you diligently consider and weigh the signification of the word is none other thing but a Noble affection of the minde of great excellencie and most meete for Man it is not to be doubted but that those which leauing so precious a thing doe set their whole delight in seeking after worldly riches and bodily pleasure are much deceiued and doe greatly offend Logically thus Such excellencie as is most meet for Man becommeth Man best Therefore Vertue becommeth him best From the generall Kinde SIth it is well knowne that Man ought with all diligence to seeke after those habites whereby humane nature is best adorned and made most perfect And that Vertue amongst such habites is the chiese because that thereby the minde of Man is taught to know what truth is and his will thereby is alwayes inclined to honest and laudable actions Man therefore ought with al his power and endeuor to embrace Vertue Logically thus Man ought chiefely to loue those habites whereby his nature is made perfect Therefore man ought to loue Vertue From the speciall Kinde IT is most meete yea most necessarie for all men to loue fortitude and temperance for by temperance Mans wil is bridled and kept from all euill lusts and affections and by fortitude he is made free from feare of death and as without temperance mans life cannot be honest so without fortitude his death cannot be commendable wherefore it plainly appeareth how necessary a thing it is for a man to embrace Vertue as that which chiefely maketh his life honest and laudable and his death glorious and honorable Logically thus A man ought to loue fortitude and temperance Ergo He ought to loue Vertue From the corruption of the Subiect THe destruction of Vertue is the cause of most grieuous euils for the light of Vertue being extinct the minde is immediately wrapped in such darkenesse as it cannot see nor discerne what is honest what is profitable or what is hurtfull by meanes whereof man falleth into most filthie vices which doe so infect and corrupt the life of man as it becommeth most detestable both to God and Man whereby it plainely appeareth how noble a thing Vertue is and with what loue and diligence it ought to be embraced of all men Logically thus The destruction of Vertue is euill therefore Vertue is good and worthy to be beloued From the vse of the Subiect THe vse of Vertue maketh mans life commendable holy glorious and acceptable both to God and Man then which nothing can bee in this world more to bee desired of man wherefore it manifestly appeareth that Vertue is so noble a thing as all men ought to bestow all their studie labour and care in obtaining the same Logically thus The vse of Vertue is good Therefore Vertue is good From common Accidents SIth all men doe greatly desire to haue their consciences quieted and their mindes free from all euill lustes affects and passions which with continuall strife doe molest the same and thereby doe cause Man to lead a miserable life Man therfore ought to refuse no paine nor labour so as he may attaine to Vertue which is alwaies accompanied with that tranquillitie of minde and conscience that is so much desired Logically thus The tranquillitie of the minde and conscience is to be desired Ergo Vertue which is alwaies accompanied with that tranquillitie is to be desired From the cause Efficient SIth true Vertue is not to be gotten by any mans labour exercise or industrie without the great grace of God who is chiefe Authour and Giuer of all good gifts it well appeareth that Vertue is a most excellent thing and most worthie to be had in admiration and therefore with feruent loue and diligence to be embraced of all men Logically thus God the chiefe Author of all good is the cause Efficient of Vertue therefore Vertue proceeding of so worthy a cause must needs be an excellent thing and worthy of all men to be embraced From the Effect TRue honor and glory hath beene alwaies had amongst all men in great admiration because it seemeth not only by mans iudgement but also by the diuine iudgement of God to be alwaies attributed to vertue wherefore sith Vertue doth yeeld such noble fruits and effects Vertue must needs be a noble thing it selfe and worthy of all men to be embraced Logically thus The Effect of Vertue which is true honor and glory is good