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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n effect_n necessary_a voluntary_a 1,389 5 11.0339 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A77245 A defence of true liberty from ante-cedent and extrinsecall necessity being an answer to a late book of Mr. Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury, intituled, A treatise of liberty and necessity. Written by the Right Reverend John Bramhall D.D. and Lord Bishop of Derry. Bramhall, John, 1594-1663. 1655 (1655) Wing B4218; Thomason E1450_1; ESTC R209599 138,196 261

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free_a to_o make_v it_o either_o of_o the_o italian_a spanish_a or_o french_a fashion_n indifferent_o but_o after_o it_o be_v make_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o be_v of_o that_o fashion_n whereof_o he_o have_v make_v it_o that_o be_v by_o a_o necessity_n of_o supposition_n but_o this_o do_v neither_o hinder_a the_o cause_n from_o be_v a_o free_a cause_n nor_o the_o effect_n from_o be_v a_o free_a effect_n but_o the_o one_o do_v produce_v free_o and_o the_o other_o be_v free_o produce_v so_o the_o contradiction_n be_v vanish_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o answer_n he_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v some_o free_a agent_n and_o some_o contingent_a agent_n and_o that_o perhaps_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o world_n do_v require_v it_o but_o like_o a_o shrewd_a cow_n which_o after_o she_o have_v give_v her_o milk_n cast_v it_o down_o with_o her_o foot_n in_o the_o conclusion_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v all_o necessary_a this_o part_n of_o his_o answer_n 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for_o help_v and_o do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o defend_v himself_o but_o all_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o servant_n be_v innocent_a if_o he_o be_v to_o be_v try_v before_o a_o court_n of_o areopagite_n or_o suppose_v the_o ruffian_n do_v not_o take_v it_o from_o he_o by_o force_n but_o draw_v their_o sword_n and_o threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o except_o he_o deliver_v it_o himself_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v conceive_v that_o it_o be_v either_o the_o master_n intention_n or_o the_o servant_n duty_n to_o hazard_v his_o life_n or_o his_o limb_n for_o save_v of_o such_o a_o trifle_a sum_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n suppose_v this_o servant_n pass_v by_o some_o cabaret_fw-la or_o tennis-court_n where_o his_o camerad_n be_v drink_v or_o play_v shall_v stay_v with_o they_o and_o drink_v or_o play_v away_o his_o money_n and_o afterward_o plead_v as_o t._n h._n do_v here_o that_o he_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o mere_a strength_n of_o temptation_n i_o trow_v neither_o t._n h._n nor_o any_o 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protagoras_n a_o atheist_n begin_v his_o book_n thus_o concern_v the_o god_n i_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v whether_o they_o be_v or_o they_o be_v not_o for_o which_o his_o book_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o athenian_n to_o be_v burn_v the_o fire_n be_v a_o necessary_a agent_n but_o the_o sentence_n or_o the_o application_n of_o the_o fire_n to_o the_o book_n be_v a_o free_a act_n and_o therefore_o the_o burn_a of_o his_o book_n be_v free_a much_o more_o the_o rational_a will_n be_v free_a which_o be_v both_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n and_o act_n voluntary_o my_o second_o reason_n against_o this_o distinction_n of_o liberty_n from_o compulsion_n but_o not_o from_o necessitation_n be_v new_a and_o demonstrate_v clear_o that_o to_o necessitate_v the_o will_n by_o a_o physical_a necessity_n be_v to_o compel_v the_o will_n so_o far_o as_o the_o will_n be_v capable_a of_o compulsion_n and_o that_o he_o who_o do_v necessitate_v the_o will_n to_o evil_a after_o that_o manner_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o evil_a and_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v blame_v than_o the_o will_n itself_o but_o t._n h._n for_o all_o he_o say_v he_o be_v not_o surprise_v can_v be_v content_v upon_o better_a advice_n to_o steal_v by_o all_o this_o in_o silence_n and_o to_o hide_v this_o tergiversation_n from_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o reader_n he_o make_v a_o empty_a show_n of_o brave_v against_o that_o famous_a and_o most_o necessary_a distinction_n between_o the_o elicit_a and_o imperate_a act_n of_o the_o will_n first_o because_o the_o term_n be_v improper_a second_o because_o they_o be_v obscure_a what_o trivial_a and_o grammatical_a objection_n be_v these_o to_o be_v use_v against_o the_o universal_a currant_n of_o divine_n and_o philosopher_n verborum_fw-la ut_fw-la nummorum_fw-la it_o be_v in_o word_n as_o
from_o the_o special_a influence_n of_o any_o outward_a determine_a cause_n and_o so_o it_o be_v only_o a_o necessity_n upon_o supposition_n concern_v medea_n choice_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o argument_n do_v not_o lie_n either_o in_o the_o fact_n of_o medea_n which_o be_v but_o a_o fiction_n or_o in_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o poet_n who_o write_v thing_n rather_o to_o be_v admire_v than_o believe_v but_o in_o the_o experience_n of_o all_o man_n who_o find_v it_o to_o be_v true_a in_o themselves_o that_o sometime_o reason_n do_v show_v unto_o a_o man_n the_o exorbitancy_n of_o his_o passion_n that_o what_o he_o desire_v be_v but_o a_o pleasant_a good_a that_o what_o he_o lose_v by_o such_o a_o choice_n be_v a_o honest_a good_a that_o that_o which_o be_v honest_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o which_o be_v pleasant_a yet_o the_o will_n pursue_v that_o which_o be_v pleasant_a and_o neglect_v that_o which_o be_v honest_a st._n paul_n say_v as_o much_o in_o earnest_a as_o be_v feign_a of_o medea_n that_o he_o approve_a not_o that_o which_o he_o do_v and_o that_o he_o do_v that_o which_o he_o hate_v rom._n 7.15_o the_o roman_a story_n be_v mistake_v there_o be_v no_o bribe_n in_o the_o case_n but_o affection_n whereas_o i_o urge_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o sense_n do_v move_v more_o powerful_o he_o lay_v hold_v on_o it_o and_o without_o answer_v to_o that_o for_o which_o i_o produce_v it_o infer_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o present_a good_a be_v more_o immediate_a to_o the_o action_n than_o the_o foresight_n of_o evil_a consequent_n which_o be_v true_a but_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o true_a by_o any_o antecedent_n necessity_n let_v a_o man_n do_v what_o he_o may_v do_v and_o what_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o sensitive_a object_n will_v lose_v that_o power_n which_o they_o have_v by_o his_o own_o fault_n and_o neglect_v antecedent_n or_o indeliberate_a concupiscence_n do_v sometime_o but_o rare_o surprise_v a_o man_n and_o render_v the_o action_n not_o free_a but_o consequent_a and_o deliberate_v concupiscence_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o rational_a will_n do_v render_v the_o action_n more_o free_a not_o less_o free_a and_o introduce_v only_o a_o necessity_n upon_o supposition_n last_o he_o say_v that_o a_o man_n mourning_n more_o for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o child_n than_o for_o his_o sin_n make_v nothing_o to_o the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n yes_o very_o much_o reason_n dictate_v that_o a_o sin_n commit_v be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o child_n and_o aught_o more_o to_o be_v lament_v for_o yet_o we_o see_v daily_o how_o affection_n prevail_v against_o the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n that_o which_o he_o infer_v from_o hence_o that_o sorrow_n for_o sin_n be_v not_o voluntary_a and_o by_o consequence_n that_o repentance_n proceed_v from_o cause_n be_v true_a as_o to_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o but_o not_o in_o his_o sense_n the_o cause_n from_o whence_o repentance_n do_v proceed_v be_v god_n grace_n prevent_v and_o man_n will_n concur_v god_n prevent_v free_o man_n concur_v free_o those_o inferior_a agent_n which_o sometime_o do_v concur_v as_o subordinate_a to_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n do_v not_o can_v determine_v the_o will_n natural_o and_o therefore_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o inference_n that_o sorrow_n for_o sin_n be_v not_o voluntary_a be_v untrue_a and_o altogether_o groundless_a that_o be_v much_o more_o true_o and_o much_o more_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v voluntary_a which_o proceed_v from_o judgement_n and_o from_o the_o rational_a will_n than_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o passion_n and_o from_o the_o sensitive_a will_n one_o of_o the_o main_a ground_n of_o all_o t._n h._n his_o error_n in_o this_o question_n be_v that_o he_o acknowledge_v no_o efficacy_n but_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a hence_o be_v this_o wild_a consequence_n repentance_n have_v cause_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o voluntary_a free_a effect_n have_v free_a cause_n necessary_a effect_n necessary_a cause_n voluntary_a effect_n have_v sometime_o free_a sometime_o necessary_a cause_n numb_a 24._o j._n d._n fiftly_o and_o last_o the_o divine_a labour_n to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n how_o liberty_n may_v consist_v with_o the_o prescience_n and_o decree_n of_o god_n but_o of_o this_o i_o have_v not_o very_o long_o since_o occasion_n to_o write_v a_o full_a discourse_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o treatise_n against_o the_o prescience_n of_o thing_n contingent_a i_o shall_v for_o the_o present_a only_o repeat_v these_o two_o thing_n first_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o desert_n a_o certain_a truth_n because_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v the_o certain_a manner_n god_n shall_v be_v but_o a_o poor_a god_n if_o we_o be_v able_a perfect_o to_o comprehend_v all_o his_o action_n and_o attribute_n second_o in_o my_o poor_a judgement_n which_o i_o ever_o do_v &_o ever_o shall_v submit_v to_o better_a the_o ready_a way_n to_o reconcile_v contingence_n and_o liberty_n with_o the_o decree_n and_o prescience_n of_o god_n and_o most_o remote_a from_o the_o altercation_n of_o these_o time_n be_v to_o subject_v future_a contingent_n to_o the_o aspect_n of_o god_n according_a to_o that_o presentiallity_n which_o they_o have_v in_o eternity_n not_o that_o thing_n future_a which_o be_v not_o yet_o existent_a &_o coexistent_a with_o god_n but_o because_o the_o infinite_a knowledge_n of_o god_n encircle_v all_o time_n in_o the_o point_n of_o eternity_n do_v attain_v to_o their_o future_a be_v from_o whence_o proceed_v their_o objective_n and_o intelligible_a be_v the_o main_a impediment_n which_o keep_v man_n from_o subscribe_v to_o this_o way_n be_v because_o they_o conceive_v eternity_n to_o be_v a_o everlasting_a succession_n and_o not_o one_o indivisible_a point_n but_o if_o they_o consider_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v in_o god_n be_v god_n that_o there_o be_v no_o accident_n in_o he_o for_o that_o which_o be_v infinite_o perfect_a can_v be_v further_o perfect_v that_o as_o god_n be_v not_o wise_a but_o wisdom_n itself_o not_o just_a but_o justice_n itself_o so_o he_o be_v not_o eternal_a but_o eternity_n itself_o they_o must_v needs_o conclude_v that_o therefore_o this_o eternity_n be_v indivisible_a because_o god_n be_v indivisible_a and_o therefore_o not_o successive_a but_o altogether_o a_o infinite_a point_n comprehend_v all_o time_n within_o itself_o t._n h._n the_o last_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n contain_v his_o opinion_n about_o reconcile_a liberty_n with_o the_o prescience_n and_o decree_n of_o god_n otherwise_o than_o some_o divine_n have_v do_v against_o who_o he_o have_v former_o write_v a_o treatise_n out_o of_o which_o he_o only_o repeat_v two_o thing_n one_o be_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o desert_n a_o certain_a truth_n for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o comprehend_v the_o certain_a manner_n of_o it_o and_o i_o say_v the_o same_o as_o for_o example_n that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o desert_n this_o certain_a truth_n that_o there_o be_v certain_a and_o necessary_a cause_n which_o make_v every_o man_n to_o will_v what_o he_o will_v though_o he_o do_v not_o yet_o conceive_v in_o what_o manner_n the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v cause_v and_o yet_o i_o think_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o be_v not_o very_o hard_a to_o conceive_v see_v that_o we_o see_v daily_o that_o praise_n dispraise_n reward_n punishment_n good_a and_o evil_a sequell_n of_o man_n action_n retain_v in_o memory_n do_v frame_n and_o make_v we_o to_o the_o election_n of_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v that_o we_o elect_v and_o that_o the_o memory_n of_o such_o thing_n proceed_v from_o the_o sense_n and_o sense_n from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o object_n of_o sense_n which_o be_v external_a to_o we_o and_o govern_v only_o by_o god_n almighty_a and_o by_o consequence_n all_o action_n even_o of_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n be_v necessary_a the_o other_o thing_n he_o repeat_v be_v that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o reconcile_v contingency_n and_o liberty_n with_o the_o prescience_n and_o decree_n of_o god_n be_v to_o subject_v future_a contingent_n to_o the_o aspect_n of_o god_n the_o same_o be_v also_o my_o opinion_n but_o contrary_a to_o what_o he_o have_v all_o this_o while_n labour_v to_o prove_v for_o hitherto_o he_o hold_v liberty_n and_o necessity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v liberty_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o god_n irreconcilable_a unless_o the_o aspect_n of_o god_n which_o word_n appear_v now_o the_o first_o time_n in_o this_o discourse_n signify_v somewhat_o else_o beside_o god_n will_v and_o decree_n which_o i_o can_v understand_v but_o he_o add_v that_o we_o must_v subject_v they_o according_a to_o that_o presentiality_n which_o they_o have_v in_o eternity_n which_o he_o say_v can_v be_v do_v by_o they_o that_o conceive_v eternity_n to_o be_v a_o everlasting_a succession_n but_o only_o by_o they_o that_o conceive_v
certain_o the_o proper_a natural_a motion_n of_o water_n as_o of_o all_o heavy_a body_n be_v to_o descend_v direct_o downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n as_o we_o see_v in_o rain_n which_o fall_v down_o perpendicular_o though_o this_o be_v far_o from_o a_o free_a act_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o rational_a appetite_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a act_n and_o proceed_v from_o a_o natural_a appetite_n and_o have_v its_o reason_n within_o in_o self_n so_o have_v not_o the_o current_n of_o the_o river_n in_o its_o channel_n which_o must_v not_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o proper_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n but_o either_o to_o the_o general_a order_n of_o the_o universe_n for_o the_o better_a be_v and_o preservation_n of_o the_o creature_n otherwise_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o move_v in_o sea_n and_o river_n as_o they_o do_v but_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o possess_v their_o proper_a place_n between_o the_o air_n and_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o gravity_n or_o to_o a_o extrinsecall_a principle_n while_o one_o particle_n of_o water_n thrust_v and_o force_v forward_o another_o and_o so_o come_v a_o current_n or_o at_o least_o so_o come_v the_o current_n to_o be_v more_o impetuous_a to_o which_o motion_n the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v contribute_v much_o both_o by_o restrain_v that_o fluid_a body_n with_o its_o bank_n from_o disperse_v itself_o and_o also_o by_o afford_v way_n for_o a_o fair_a and_o easy_a descent_n by_o its_o proclivity_n he_o tell_v we_o sad_o that_o the_o water_n want_v liberty_n to_o go_v over_o the_o bank_n because_o there_o be_v a_o extrinsecall_a impediment_n but_o to_o ascend_v up_o the_o channel_n it_o want_v not_o liberty_n but_o power_n why_o liberty_n be_v a_o power_n if_o it_o want_v power_n to_o ascend_v it_o want_v liberty_n to_o ascend_v but_o he_o make_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n ascend_v not_o up_o the_o channel_n to_o be_v intrinsical_v and_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o ascend_v not_o over_o the_o bank_n to_o be_v extrinsecall_v as_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o rise_n of_o the_o ground_n up_o the_o channel_n as_o well_o as_o up_o the_o bank_n though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o discernible_a nor_o always_o so_o sudden_a the_o natural_a appetite_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o much_o against_o the_o ascend_n over_o the_o bank_n as_o the_o ascend_a up_o the_o channel_n and_o the_o extrinsecall_a impediment_n be_v as_o great_a in_o ascend_v up_o the_o channel_n as_o over_o the_o bank_n or_o rather_o great_a because_o there_o it_o must_v move_v not_o only_o against_o the_o rise_a soil_n but_o also_o against_o the_o succeed_a water_n which_o press_v forward_o the_o former_a either_o the_o river_n want_v liberty_n for_o both_o or_o else_o it_o wan_n liberty_n for_o neither_o but_o to_o leave_v his_o metaphorical_a faculty_n and_o his_o catachresticall_a liberty_n how_o far_o be_v his_o discourse_n wide_o from_o the_o true_a moral_a liberty_n which_o be_v in_o question_n between_o we_o his_o former_a description_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n that_o be_v he_o who_o have_v not_o make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberate_v though_o it_o be_v wide_a from_o the_o mark_n yet_o it_o come_v much_o near_o the_o truth_n than_o this_o definition_n of_o liberty_n unless_o perhaps_o he_o think_v that_o the_o water_n have_v do_v deliberate_v whether_o it_o will_v go_v over_o the_o bank_n but_o have_v not_o do_v deliberate_v whether_o it_o will_v go_v up_o the_o channel_n numb_a 30._o t._n h._n sixth_o i_o conceive_v nothing_o take_v beginning_n from_o itself_o but_o from_o the_o action_n of_o some_o other_o immediate_a agent_n without_o itself_o and_o that_o therefore_o when_o first_o a_o man_n have_v a_o appetite_n or_o will_n to_o something_o to_o which_o immediate_o before_o he_o have_v no_o appetite_n nor_o will_n the_o cause_n of_o his_o will_n be_v not_o the_o will_n itself_o but_o something_o else_o not_o in_o his_o own_o dispose_n so_o that_o where_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o controversy_n that_o of_o voluntary_a action_n the_o will_n be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o by_o this_o which_o be_v say_v the_o will_n be_v also_o cause_v by_o other_o thing_n whereof_o it_o dispose_v not_o it_o follow_v that_o voluntary_a action_n have_v all_o of_o they_o necessary_a cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v necessitate_v j._n d._n this_o sixth_o point_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o explicate_v of_o term_n as_o the_o former_a but_o in_o two_o proof_n that_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v the_o former_a proof_n stand_v thus_o nothing_o take_v beginning_n from_o itself_o but_o from_o some_o agent_n without_o itself_o which_o be_v not_o in_o its_o own_o dispose_n therefore_o etc._n etc._n concedo_fw-la omne_fw-la i_o grant_v all_o he_o say_v the_o will_n do_v not_o take_v beginning_n from_o itself_o whether_o he_o understand_v by_o will_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o will_n which_o be_v a_o power_n of_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n it_o take_v not_o beginning_n from_o itself_o but_o from_o god_n who_o create_v and_o infuse_v the_o soul_n into_o man_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o this_o power_n or_o whether_o he_o understand_v by_o will_n the_o act_n of_o willing_a it_o take_v not_o beginning_n from_o itself_o but_o from_o the_o faculty_n or_o from_o the_o power_n of_o willing_a which_o be_v in_o the_o soul_n this_o be_v certain_a finite_a and_o participate_v thing_n can_v be_v from_o themselves_o nor_o be_v produce_v by_o themselves_o what_o will_v he_o conclude_v from_o hence_o that_o therefore_o the_o act_n of_o willing_a take_v not_o its_o beginning_n from_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o will_n or_o that_o the_o faculty_n be_v always_o determine_v antecedent_o extrinsecal_o to_o will_v that_o which_o it_o do_v will_n he_o may_v as_o soon_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o pumice_n as_o draw_v any_o such_o conclusion_n out_o of_o these_o premise_n second_o for_o his_o take_v a_o beginning_n either_o he_o understand_v a_o beginning_n of_o be_v or_o a_o begin_n of_o work_v and_o act_v if_o he_o understand_v a_o beginning_n of_o be_v he_o say_v most_o true_o that_o nothing_o have_v a_o beginning_n of_o be_v in_o time_n from_o itself_o but_o this_o be_v nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n the_o question_n be_v not_o between_o we_o whether_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n or_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v eternal_a but_o if_o he_o understand_v a_o beginning_n of_o work_v or_o move_n actual_o it_o be_v a_o gross_a error_n all_o man_n know_v that_o when_o a_o stone_n descend_v or_o fire_n ascend_v or_o when_o water_n that_o have_v be_v heat_v return_n to_o its_o former_a temper_n the_o beginning_n or_o reason_n be_v intrinsical_v and_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n do_v move_v and_o be_v move_v in_o a_o diverse_a respect_n it_o move_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o form_n and_o it_o be_v move_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n much_o more_o man_n who_o have_v a_o perfect_a knowledge_n and_o prenotion_n of_o the_o end_n be_v most_o proper_o say_v to_o move_v himself_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o there_o be_v other_o beginning_n of_o humane_a action_n which_o do_v concur_v with_o the_o will_n some_o outward_a as_o the_o first_o cause_n by_o general_a influence_n which_o be_v evermore_o requisite_a angel_n or_o man_n by_o persuade_v evil_a spirit_n by_o tempt_v the_o object_n or_o end_n by_o its_o appetibility_n the_o understanding_n by_o direct_v so_o passion_n and_o acquire_v habit_n but_o i_o deny_v that_o any_o of_o these_o do_v necessitate_v or_o can_v necessitate_v the_o will_n of_o man_n by_o determine_v it_o physical_o to_o one_o except_o god_n alone_o who_o do_v it_o rare_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o antecedent_n determination_n to_o one_o there_o be_v no_o absolute_a necessity_n but_o true_a liberty_n his_o second_o argument_n be_v ex_fw-la concessis_fw-la it_o be_v out_o of_o controversy_n say_v he_o that_o of_o voluntary_a action_n the_o will_n be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n the_o argument_n may_v be_v thus_o reduce_v necessary_a cause_n produce_v necessary_a effect_n but_o the_o will_n be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n of_o voluntary_a action_n i_o may_v deny_v his_o major_n necessary_a cause_n do_v not_o always_o produce_v necessary_a effect_n except_o they_o be_v also_o necessary_o produce_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o the_o burn_a of_o protagoras_n his_o book_n but_o i_o answer_v clear_o to_o the_o minor_a that_o the_o will_n be_v not_o a_o necessary_a cause_n of_o what_o it_o will_v in_o particular_a action_n it_o be_v without_o controversy_n indeed_o for_o it_o be_v without_o all_o probability_n that_o it_o will_n when_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a but_o that_o it_o will_v this_o or_o that_o now_o or_o then_o be_v free_a more_o express_o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n may_v be_v consider_v three_o way_n
either_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o nature_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o exercise_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o object_n first_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n that_o which_o the_o will_n will_v be_v necessary_o voluntary_a because_o the_o will_n can_v be_v compel_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v out_o of_o controversy_n that_o the_o will_n be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n of_o voluntary_a action_n second_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o its_o act_n that_o be_v not_o necessary_a the_o will_n may_v either_o will_n or_o suspend_v its_o act_n three_o for_o the_o object_n that_o be_v not_o necessary_a but_o free_a the_o will_n be_v not_o extrinsecal_o determine_v to_o its_o object_n as_o for_o example_n the_o cardinal_n meet_v in_o the_o conclave_n to_o choose_v a_o pope_n who_o they_o choose_v he_o be_v necessary_o pope_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v choose_v this_o or_o that_o day_n before_o they_o be_v assemble_v they_o may_v defer_v their_o assemble_v when_o they_o be_v assemble_v they_o may_v suspend_v their_o election_n for_o a_o day_n or_o a_o week_n last_o for_o the_o person_n who_o they_o will_v choose_v it_o be_v free_o in_o their_o own_o power_n otherwise_o if_o the_o election_n be_v not_o free_a it_o be_v void_a and_o no_o election_n at_o all_o so_o that_o which_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o the_o will_n be_v necessary_o voluntary_a but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o will_n shall_v will_v this_o or_o that_o in_o particular_a as_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o person_n free_o elect_v shall_v be_v pope_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a either_o that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v at_o this_o time_n or_o that_o this_o man_n shall_v be_v elect_v and_o therefore_o voluntary_a act_n in_o particular_a have_v not_o necessary_a cause_n that_o be_v they_o be_v not_o necessitate_v numb_a 31._o t._n h._n seventhly_o i_o hold_v that_o to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o which_o nothing_o be_v want_v that_o be_v needful_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_n the_o same_o be_v also_o a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n shall_v not_o bring_v forth_o the_o effect_n than_o there_o want_v somewhat_o which_o be_v needful_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o sufficient_a but_o if_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n shall_v not_o produce_v the_o effect_n then_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o that_o be_v say_v to_o produce_v a_o effect_n necessary_o that_o can_v but_o produce_v it_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v produce_v be_v produce_v necessary_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v produce_v have_v have_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o produce_v it_o or_o else_o it_o have_v not_o be_v and_o therefore_o also_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v j._n d._n this_o section_n contain_v a_o three_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o all_o effect_n be_v necessary_a for_o clear_v whereof_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o consider_v how_o a_o cause_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v sufficient_a or_o insufficient_a first_o several_a cause_n single_o consider_v may_v be_v insufficient_a and_o the_o same_o take_v conjoint_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v a_o effect_n as_o two_o horse_n joint_o be_v sufficient_a to_o draw_v a_o coach_n which_o either_o of_o they_o single_o be_v insufficient_a to_o do_v now_o to_o make_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v the_o draw_v of_o the_o coach_n necessary_a it_o be_v not_o only_o require_v that_o the_o two_o horse_n be_v sufficient_a to_o draw_v it_o but_o also_o that_o their_o conjunction_n be_v necessary_a and_o their_o habitude_n such_o as_o they_o may_v draw_v it_o if_o the_o owner_n of_o one_o of_o these_o horse_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o draw_v if_o the_o smith_n have_v shod_a the_o other_o in_o the_o quick_a and_o lame_v he_o if_o the_o horse_n have_v cast_v a_o shoe_n or_o be_v a_o resty_a jade_n and_o will_v not_o draw_v but_o when_o he_o listen_v than_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o necessary_o produce_v but_o contingent_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o contingent_a second_o a_o cause_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v sufficient_a either_o because_o it_o produce_v that_o effect_n which_o be_v intend_v as_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o man_n or_o else_o because_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v that_o which_o be_v produce_v as_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o monster_n the_o former_a be_v proper_o call_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n the_o late_a a_o weak_a and_o insufficient_a cause_n now_o if_o the_o debility_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o necessary_a but_o contingent_a than_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o necessary_a but_o contingent_a it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o logic_n that_o the_o conclusion_n always_o follow_v the_o weak_a part_n if_o the_o premise_n be_v but_o probable_a the_o conclusion_n can_v be_v demonstrative_a it_o hold_v as_o well_o in_o cause_n as_o in_o proposition_n no_o effect_n can_v exceed_v the_o virtue_n of_o its_o cause_n if_o the_o ability_n or_o debility_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v contingent_a the_o effect_n can_v be_v necessary_a three_o that_o which_o concern_v this_o question_n of_o liberty_n from_o necessity_n most_o near_o be_v that_o a_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v sufficient_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o ability_n of_o it_o to_o act_v not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o will_n to_o act_v the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o will_n be_v needful_a to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o free_a effect_n but_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a though_o the_o will_v do_v not_o concur_v as_o god_n be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v a_o thousand_o world_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v from_o thence_o either_o that_o he_o have_v produce_v they_o or_o that_o he_o will_v produce_v they_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ransom_n for_o all_o mankind_n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v therefore_o that_o all_o mankind_n shall_v be_v actual_o save_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o blood_n a_o man_n may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a tutor_n though_o he_o will_v not_o teach_v every_o scholar_n and_o a_o sufficient_a physician_n though_o he_o will_v not_o administer_v to_o every_o patient_a forasmuch_o therefore_o as_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o will_n be_v needful_a to_o the_o production_n of_o every_o free_a effect_n and_o yet_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a in_o sensu_fw-la diviso_fw-la although_o the_o will_v do_v not_o concur_v it_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a and_o yet_o something_o which_o be_v needful_a to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n may_v be_v want_v and_o that_o every_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v not_o a_o necessary_a cause_n last_o if_o any_o man_n be_v dispose_v to_o wrangle_v against_o so_o clear_a light_n and_o say_v that_o though_o the_o free_a agent_n be_v sufficient_a in_o sensu_fw-la diviso_fw-la yet_o he_o be_v not_o sufficient_a in_o sensu_fw-la composito_fw-la to_o produce_v the_o effect_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o will_n he_o say_v true_a but_o first_o he_o betray_v the_o weakness_n and_o the_o fallacy_n of_o the_o former_a argument_n which_o be_v a_o mere_a trifle_n between_o sufficiency_n in_o a_o divide_a sense_n and_o sufficiency_n in_o a_o compound_a sense_n and_o see_v the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o will_n be_v not_o predetermine_v there_o be_v no_o antecedent_n necessity_n before_o it_o do_v concur_v and_o when_o it_o have_v concur_v the_o necessity_n be_v but_o hypotheticall_a which_o may_v consist_v with_o liberty_n numb_a 32._o t._n h._n last_o i_o hold_v that_o ordinary_a definition_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n namely_o that_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v that_o which_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v present_a which_o be_v needful_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n and_o be_v nonsense_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a that_o be_v necessary_a and_o yet_o the_o effect_n not_o follow_v j._n d._n this_o last_o point_n be_v but_o a_o corollary_n or_o a_o inference_n from_o the_o former_a doctrine_n that_o every_o sufficient_a cause_n produce_v its_o effect_n necessary_o which_o pillar_n be_v take_v away_o the_o superstructure_n must_v needs_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o support_v it_o last_o i_o hold_v say_v he_o what_o he_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v be_v something_a so_o much_o reason_n so_o much_o trust_v but_o what_o he_o hold_v concern_v himself_o not_o other_o but_o what_o hold_v he_o i_o hold_v say_v he_o that_o the_o ordinary_a definition_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n imply_v a_o contradiction_n and_o be_v nonsense_n that_o which_o he_o call_v the_o ordinary_a definition_n of_o liberty_n be_v the_o very_a definition_n
interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o the_o most_o certain_a occurrent_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o now_o that_o i_o have_v answer_v t._n h._n his_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o private_a conception_n of_o man_n concern_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n i_o desire_v he_o serious_o without_o prejudice_n to_o examine_v himself_o and_o those_o natural_a notion_n which_o he_o find_v in_o himself_o not_o of_o word_n but_o of_o thing_n these_o be_v from_o nature_n those_o be_v by_o imposition_n whether_o he_o do_v not_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o he_o do_v many_o thing_n which_o he_o may_v have_v leave_v undo_v if_o he_o will_v and_o omit_v many_o thing_n which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v if_o he_o will_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o something_n out_o of_o mere_a animosity_n and_o will_v without_o either_o regard_n to_o the_o direction_n of_o right_a reason_n or_o serious_a respect_n of_o what_o be_v honest_a or_o profitable_a only_o to_o show_v that_o he_o will_v have_v a_o dominion_n over_o his_o own_o action_n as_o we_o see_v ordinary_o in_o child_n and_o wise_a man_n find_v at_o some_o time_n in_o themselves_o by_o experience_n and_o i_o apprehend_v this_o very_a defence_n of_o necessity_n against_o liberty_n to_o be_v partly_o of_o that_o kind_n whether_o he_o be_v not_o angry_a with_o those_o who_o draw_v he_o from_o his_o study_n or_o cross_v he_o in_o his_o desire_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o do_v it_o why_o shall_v he_o be_v angry_a with_o they_o any_o more_o than_o he_o be_v angry_a with_o a_o sharp_a winter_n or_o a_o rainy_a day_n that_o keep_v he_o at_o home_n against_o his_o antecedent_n will_v whether_o he_o do_v not_o sometime_o blame_v himself_o and_o say_v o_o what_o a_o fool_n be_v i_o to_o do_v thus_o and_o thus_o or_o wish_v to_o himself_o o_o that_o i_o have_v be_v wise_a or_o o_o that_o i_o have_v not_o do_v such_o a_o act_n if_o he_o have_v no_o dominion_n over_o his_o action_n if_o he_o be_v irresistible_o necessitate_v to_o all_o thing_n what_o he_o do_v he_o may_v as_o well_o wish_v o_o that_o i_o have_v not_o breathe_v or_o blame_v himself_o for_o grow_v old_a o_o what_o a_o fool_n be_v i_o to_o grow_v old_a numb_a 34._o t._n h._n for_o the_o seven_o point_n that_o all_o event_n have_v necessary_a cause_n it_o be_v there_o prove_v in_o that_o they_o have_v sufficient_a cause_n further_o let_v we_o in_o this_o place_n also_o suppose_v any_o event_n never_o so_o casual_a as_o for_o example_n the_o throw_a ames-ace_n upon_o a_o pair_n of_o dice_n and_o see_v if_o it_o must_v not_o have_v be_v necessary_a before_o it_o be_v throw_v for_o see_v it_o be_v throw_v it_o have_v a_o beginning_n and_o consequent_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o produce_v it_o consist_v partly_o in_o the_o dice_n partly_o in_o the_o outward_a thing_n as_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o party_n hand_n the_o measure_n of_o force_n apply_v by_o the_o caster_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o table_n and_o the_o like_a in_o sum_n there_o be_v nothing_o want_v that_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o that_o particular_a cast_n and_o consequent_o that_o cast_v be_v necessary_o throw_v for_o if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v throw_v there_o have_v want_v somewhat_o requisite_a to_o the_o throw_v of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n have_v not_o be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o like_a manner_n it_o may_v be_v prove_v that_o every_o other_o accident_n how_o contingent_a soever_o it_o seem_v or_o how_o voluntary_a soever_o it_o be_v be_v produce_v necessary_o which_o be_v that_o j._n d._n dispute_v against_o the_o same_o also_o may_v be_v prove_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o case_n be_v put_v for_o example_n of_o the_o weather_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o to_o morrow_n it_o shall_v rain_v or_o not_o rain_v if_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a it_o shall_v rain_v it_o be_v necessary_a it_o shall_v not_o rain_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o proposition_n it_o shall_v rain_v or_o it_o shall_v not_o rain_v shall_v be_v true_a i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o that_o say_v it_o may_v necessary_o be_v true_a that_o one_o of_o the_o two_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v but_o not_o single_o that_o it_o shall_v rain_v or_o it_o shall_v not_o rain_v which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v one_o of_o they_o be_v necessary_a yet_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v necessary_a and_o therefore_o to_o seem_v to_o avoid_v that_o absurdity_n they_o make_v a_o distinction_n that_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v true_a determinatè_fw-fr but_o indeterminatè_fw-la which_o distinction_n either_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o this_o one_o of_o they_o be_v true_a but_o we_o know_v not_o which_o and_o so_o the_o necessity_n remain_v though_o we_o know_v it_o not_o or_o if_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o distinction_n be_v not_o that_o it_o have_v no_o meaning_n and_o they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v one_o of_o they_o be_v true_a tytyrice_o but_o neither_o of_o they_o tupatulice_n j._n d._n his_o former_a proof_n that_o all_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v necessary_a cause_n be_v answer_v before_o numb_a 31._o and_o his_o two_o instance_n of_o cast_a ames-ace_n &_o rain_v to_o morrow_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a to_o the_o question_n now_o agitate_a between_o we_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o our_o present_a controversy_n be_v concern_v free_a action_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o liberty_n of_o man_n will_n both_o his_o instance_n be_v of_o contingent_a action_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o indetermination_n or_o contingent_a concurrence_n of_o natural_a cause_n first_o that_o there_o be_v free_a action_n which_o proceed_v mere_o from_o election_n without_o any_o outward_a necessitation_n be_v a_o truth_n so_o evident_a as_o that_o there_o be_v a_o sun_n in_o the_o heaven_n and_o he_o that_o doubt_v of_o it_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o shell_n without_o the_o nut_n or_o a_o stone_n within_o the_o olive_n a_o man_n proportion_v his_o time_n each_o day_n and_o allot_v so_o much_o to_o his_o devotion_n so_o much_o to_o his_o study_n so_o much_o to_o his_o diet_n so_o much_o to_o his_o recreation_n so_o much_o to_o necessary_a or_o civil_a visit_n so_o much_o to_o his_o rest_n he_o who_o will_v seek_v for_o i_o know_v not_o what_o cause_v of_o all_o this_o without_o himself_o except_o that_o good_a god_n who_o have_v give_v he_o a_o reasonable_a soul_n may_v as_o well_o seek_v for_o a_o cause_n of_o the_o egyptian_a pyramid_n among_o the_o crocodile_n of_o nilus_n second_o for_o mix_a action_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o concurrence_n of_o free_a and_o natural_a agent_n though_o they_o be_v not_o free_a yet_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a as_o to_o keep_v my_o former_a instance_n a_o man_n walk_v through_o a_o street_n of_o a_o city_n to_o do_v his_o occasion_n a_o tile_n fall_v from_o a_o house_n and_o break_v his_o head_n the_o break_n of_o his_o head_n be_v not_o necessary_a for_o he_o do_v free_o choose_v to_o go_v that_o way_n without_o any_o necessitation_n neither_o be_v it_o free_a for_o he_o do_v not_o deliberate_v of_o that_o accident_n therefore_o it_o be_v contingent_a and_o by_o undoubted_a consequence_n there_o be_v contingent_a action_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v not_o free_a most_o certain_o by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o free_a cause_n as_o god_n the_o good_a and_o bad_a angel_n and_o man_n with_o natural_a agent_n sometime_o on_o purpose_n and_o sometime_o by_o accident_n many_o event_n happen_v which_o otherwise_o have_v never_o happen_v many_o effect_n be_v produce_v which_o otherwise_o have_v never_o be_v produce_v and_o admit_v such_o thing_n to_o be_v contingent_a not_o necessary_a all_o their_o consequent_a effect_n not_o only_o immediate_a but_o mediate_v must_v likewise_o be_v contingent_a that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o a_o continue_a connexion_n and_o succession_n of_o necessary_a cause_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o t._n h._n his_o opinion_n three_o for_o the_o action_n of_o bruit_n beast_n though_o they_o be_v not_o free_a though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n to_o restrain_v their_o appetite_n from_o that_o which_o be_v sensitive_o good_a by_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v rationaly_a good_a or_o what_o be_v honest_a and_o though_o their_o fancy_n be_v determine_v by_o nature_n to_o some_o kind_n of_o work_n yet_o to_o think_v that_o every_o individual_a action_n of_o they_o and_o each_o animal_n motion_n of_o they_o even_o to_o the_o least_o murmur_n or_o gesture_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o chain_n of_o unalterable_a necessity_n to_o the_o extrinsical_a cause_n or_o object_n i_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o it_o christ_n say_v one_o
of_o these_o sparrow_n do_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n without_o your_o heavenly_a father_n that_o be_v without_o a_o influence_n of_o power_n from_o he_o or_o exempt_v from_o his_o disposition_n he_o do_v not_o say_v which_o your_o heavenly_a father_n cast_v not_o down_o last_o for_o the_o natural_a action_n of_o inanimate_a creature_n wherein_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o concurrence_n of_o any_o free_a or_o voluntary_a agent_n the_o question_n be_v yet_o more_o doubtful_a for_o many_o thing_n be_v call_v contingent_a in_o respect_n of_o we_o because_o we_o know_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o which_o real_o &_o in_o themselves_o be_v not_o contingent_a but_o necessary_a also_o many_o thing_n be_v contingent_a in_o respect_n of_o one_o single_a cause_n either_o actual_o hinder_v or_o in_o possibility_n to_o be_v hinder_v which_o be_v necessary_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o joint_a concurrence_n of_o all_o collateral_a cause_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o all_o natural_a cause_n from_o the_o beginning_n so_o as_o they_o must_v all_o have_v concur_v as_o they_o have_v do_v &_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o power_n &_o have_v be_v deficient_a as_o they_o have_v beme_fw-mi in_o all_o event_n whatsoever_o will_v require_v a_o further_a examination_n if_o it_o be_v pertinent_a to_o this_o question_n of_o liberty_n but_o it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o purpose_n to_o have_v show_v that_o all_o elective_a action_n be_v free_a from_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o moreover_o that_o the_o concurrence_n of_o voluntary_a and_o free_a agent_n with_o natural_a cause_n both_o upon_o purpose_n and_o accidental_o have_v help_v they_o to_o produce_v many_o effect_n which_o otherwise_o they_o have_v not_o produce_v and_o hinder_v they_o from_o produce_v many_o effect_n which_o otherwise_o they_o have_v produce_v and_o that_o if_o this_o inintervention_n of_o voluntary_a and_o free_a agent_n have_v be_v more_o frequent_a than_o it_o have_v be_v as_o without_o doubt_v it_o may_v have_v be_v many_o natural_a event_n have_v be_v otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v and_o therefore_o he_o may_v have_v spare_v his_o instance_n of_o cast_a ames-ace_n and_o rain_v to_o morrow_n and_o first_o for_o his_o cast_a ames-ace_n if_o it_o be_v throw_v by_o a_o fair_a gamester_n with_o indifferent_a die_n it_o be_v a_o mix_a action_n the_o cast_n of_o the_o dice_n be_v free_a but_o the_o cast_n of_o ames-ace_n be_v contingent_a a_o man_n may_v deliberate_v whether_o he_o will_v cast_v the_o dice_n or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v folly_n to_o deliberate_v whether_o he_o will_v cast_v ames-ace_n or_o not_o because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o cheater_n that_o can_v cog_v the_o dice_n or_o the_o die_n be_v false_a die_n &_o then_o the_o contingency_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o contingency_n cease_v according_o as_o the_o caster_n have_v more_o or_o less_o cunning_a or_o as_o the_o figure_n or_o make_v of_o the_o dice_n do_v incline_v they_o to_o ames-ace_n more_o than_o to_o another_o cast_n or_o necessitate_v they_o to_o this_o cast_n and_o no_o other_o howsoever_o so_o far_o as_o the_o cast_n be_v free_a or_o contingent_a so_o far_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o where_o necessity_n begin_v there_o liberty_n and_o contingency_n do_v cease_v to_o be_v likewise_o his_o other_o instance_n of_o rain_v or_o not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n be_v not_o of_o a_o free_a elective_a act_n nor_o always_o of_o a_o contingent_a act_n in_o some_o country_n as_o they_o have_v their_o nati_fw-la venti_fw-la their_o certain_a wind_n at_o set_a season_n so_o they_o have_v their_o certain_a and_o set_v rain_n the_o aethiopian_a rain_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o certain_a inundation_n of_o nilus_n in_o some_o eastern_a country_n they_o have_v rain_v only_o twice_o a_o year_n and_o those_o constant_a which_o the_o scripture_n call_v the_o former_a and_o the_o late_a rain_n in_o such_o place_n not_o only_o the_o cause_n do_v act_v determinate_o and_o necessary_o but_o also_o the_o determination_n or_o necessity_n of_o the_o event_n be_v foreknow_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o our_o climate_n the_o natural_a cause_n celestial_a and_o sublunary_a do_v not_o produce_v rain_n so_o necessary_o at_o set_a time_n neither_o can_v we_o say_v so_o certain_o and_o infallible_o it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n nevertheless_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o cause_n be_v so_o dispose_v and_o determine_v even_o in_o our_o climate_n that_o this_o proposition_n it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n may_v be_v necessary_a in_o itself_o and_o the_o prognostic_n or_o token_n may_v be_v such_o in_o the_o sky_n in_o our_o own_o body_n in_o the_o creature_n animate_v and_o inanimate_a as_o weather-glass_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o may_v become_v probable_o true_a to_o we_o that_o it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o morrow_n but_o ordinary_o it_o be_v a_o contingent_a proposition_n to_o we_o whether_o it_o be_v contingent_a also_o in_o itself_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a whether_o the_o vapour_n or_o matter_n of_o the_o rain_n may_v not_o yet_o be_v disperse_v or_o otherwise_o consume_v or_o drive_v beyond_o our_o coast_n be_v a_o speculation_n which_o no_o way_n concern_v this_o question_n so_o we_o see_v one_o reason_n why_o his_o two_o instance_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a because_o they_o be_v of_o action_n which_o be_v not_o free_a nor_o elective_a nor_o such_o as_o proceed_v from_o the_o liberty_n of_o man_n will_n second_o our_o dispute_n be_v about_o absolute_a necessity_n his_o proof_n extend_v only_o to_o hypothetical_n necessity_n our_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o concurrence_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v necessary_a before_o they_o do_v concur_v or_o be_v determine_v he_o prove_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v necessary_a after_o the_o cause_n have_v concur_v and_o be_v determine_v the_o free_a action_n of_o god_n or_o man_n be_v necessary_a by_o such_o a_o necessity_n of_o supposition_n and_o the_o most_o contingent_a event_n that_o be_v as_o i_o have_v show_v plain_o numb_a 3._o where_o his_o instance_n of_o ames-ace_n be_v more_o full_o answer_v so_o his_o proof_n look_v another_o way_n from_o his_o proposition_n his_o proposition_n be_v that_o the_o cast_n of_o ames-ace_n be_v necessary_a before_o it_o be_v throw_v his_o proof_n be_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a when_o it_o be_v throw_v examine_v all_o his_o cause_n over_o and_o over_o and_o they_o will_v not_o afford_v he_o one_o grain_n of_o antecedent_n necessity_n the_o first_o cause_n be_v in_o the_o dice_n true_a if_o they_o be_v false_a die_n there_o may_v be_v something_o in_o it_o but_o then_o his_o contingency_n be_v destroy_v if_o they_o be_v square_a die_n they_o have_v no_o more_o inclination_n to_o ames-ace_n than_o to_o cinque_fw-fr and_o quater_fw-la or_o any_o other_o cast_v his_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o party_n hand_n but_o what_o necessity_n be_v there_o that_o he_o shall_v put_v his_o hand_n into_o such_o a_o posture_n none_o at_o all_o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o force_n apply_v by_o the_o caster_n now_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o his_o cause_n let_v he_o but_o name_n i_o will_v not_o say_v a_o convince_a reason_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o a_o probable_a reason_n but_o even_o any_o pretence_n of_o reason_n how_o the_o caster_n be_v necessitate_v from_o without_o himself_o to_o apply_v just_a so_o much_o force_v and_o neither_o more_o or_o less_o if_o he_o can_v his_o cause_n be_v desperate_a and_o he_o may_v hold_v his_o peace_n for_o ever_o his_o last_o cause_n be_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o table_n but_o tell_v we_o in_o good_a earnest_n what_o necessity_n there_o be_v why_o the_o caster_n must_v throw_v into_o that_o table_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o or_o that_o the_o die_n must_v fall_v just_a upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o table_n before_o the_o cast_n be_v throw_v he_o that_o make_v these_o to_o be_v necessary_a cause_n i_o do_v not_o wonder_v if_o he_o make_v all_o effect_n necessary_a effect_n if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o cause_n be_v contingent_a it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v the_o cast_v contingent_a and_o now_o that_o they_o be_v all_o so_o contingent_a yet_o he_o will_v needs_o have_v the_o effect_n to_o be_v necessary_a and_o so_o it_o be_v when_o the_o cast_n be_v throw_v but_o not_o before_o the_o cast_n be_v throw_v which_o he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v who_o can_v blame_v he_o for_o be_v so_o angry_a with_o the_o schoolman_n and_o their_o distinction_n of_o necessity_n into_o absolute_a and_o hypothetical_a see_v they_o touch_v
as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o consult_v and_o ponder_v with_o himself_o whether_o he_o shall_v draw_v in_o his_o breath_n or_o whether_o he_o shall_v increase_v in_o stature_n second_o to_o resolve_v imply_v a_o man_n dominion_n over_o his_o own_o action_n and_o his_o actual_a determination_n of_o himself_o but_o he_o who_o hold_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v quit_v this_o dominion_n over_o himself_o and_o which_o be_v worse_o have_v quit_v it_o to_o the_o second_o extrinsical_a cause_n in_o which_o he_o make_v all_o his_o action_n to_o be_v determine_v one_o may_v as_o well_o call_v again_o yesterday_o as_o resolve_v or_o new_o determine_v that_o which_o be_v determine_v to_o his_o hand_n already_o i_o have_v peruse_v this_o treatise_n weigh_v t._n h._n his_o answer_n consider_v his_o reason_n and_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v miss_v and_o mislead_v the_o question_n that_o the_o answer_n be_v evasion_n that_o his_o argument_n be_v parologism_n that_o the_o opinion_n of_o absolute_a and_o universal_a necessity_n be_v but_o a_o result_n of_o some_o groundless_a and_o ill_a choose_a principle_n and_o that_o the_o defect_n be_v not_o in_o himself_o but_o that_o his_o cause_n will_v admit_v no_o better_a defence_n and_o therefore_o by_o his_o favour_n i_o be_o resolve_v to_o adhere_v to_o my_o first_o opinion_n perhaps_o another_o man_n read_v this_o discourse_n with_o other_o eye_n judge_v it_o to_o be_v pertinent_a and_o well_o found_v how_o come_v this_o to_o pass_v the_o treatise_n be_v the_o same_o the_o exterior_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o resolution_n be_v contrary_a do_v the_o second_o cause_n play_v fast_o and_o loose_v do_v they_o necessitate_v i_o to_o condemn_v and_o necessitate_v he_o to_o maintain_v what_o be_v it_o then_o the_o difference_n must_v be_v in_o ourselves_o either_o in_o our_o intellectual_n because_o the_o one_o see_v clear_a than_o the_o other_o or_o in_o our_o affection_n which_o betray_v our_o understanding_n and_o produce_v a_o implicit_a adhaerence_n in_o the_o one_o more_o than_o in_o the_o other_o howsoever_o it_o be_v the_o difference_n be_v in_o ourselves_o the_o outward_a cause_n alone_o do_v not_o chain_v i_o to_o the_o one_o resolution_n nor_o he_o to_o the_o other_o resolution_n but_o t._n h._n may_v say_v that_o our_o several_a and_o respective_a deliberation_n and_o affection_n be_v in_o part_n the_o cause_n of_o our_o contrary_a resolution_n and_o do_v concur_v with_o the_o outward_a cause_n to_o make_v up_o one_o total_a and_o adequate_a cause_n to_o the_o necessary_a production_n of_o this_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v so_o he_o have_v spin_v a_o fair_a thread_n to_o make_v all_o this_o stir_n for_o such_o a_o necessity_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o deny_v or_o doubt_v of_o when_o all_o the_o cause_n have_v actual_o determine_v themselves_o than_o the_o effect_n be_v in_o be_v for_o though_o there_o be_v a_o priority_n in_o nature_n between_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n yet_o they_o be_v together_o in_o time_n and_o the_o old_a rule_n be_v whatsoever_o be_v when_o it_o be_v be_v necessary_o so_o as_o it_o be_v this_o be_v no_o absolute_a necessity_n but_o only_o upon_o supposition_n that_o a_o man_n have_v determine_v his_o own_o liberty_n when_o we_o question_v whether_o all_o occurrence_n be_v necessary_a we_o do_v not_o question_v whether_o they_o be_v necessary_a when_o they_o be_v nor_o whether_o they_o be_v necessary_a in_o sensu_fw-la composito_fw-la after_o we_o have_v resolve_v and_o final_o determine_v what_o to_o do_v but_o whether_o they_o be_v necessary_a before_o they_o be_v determine_v by_o ourselves_o by_o or_o in_o the_o praecedent_a cause_n before_o ourselves_o or_o in_o the_o exterior_a cause_n without_o ourselves_o it_o be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o true_a liberty_n to_o determine_v itself_o but_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o true_a liberty_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o another_o without_o itself_o t._n h._n say_v further_o that_o upon_o your_o lordship_n desire_n and_o i_o he_o be_v content_v to_o begin_v with_o this_o discourse_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n that_o be_v to_o change_v his_o former_a resolution_n if_o the_o chain_n of_o necessity_n be_v no_o strong_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v snap_v so_o easy_o in_o sunder_o if_o his_o will_n be_v not_o otherwise_o determine_v from_o without_o himself_o but_o only_o by_o the_o signification_n of_o your_o lordship_n desire_n and_o my_o modest_a entreaty_n than_o we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o humane_a affair_n be_v not_o always_o govern_v by_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o a_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o his_o own_o action_n if_o not_o in_o chief_a yet_o in_o mean_a subordinate_a to_o the_o lord_n paramount_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o that_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o so_o absolute_o determine_v in_o the_o outward_a and_o precedent_a cause_n but_o that_o fair_a entreaty_n and_o moral_a persuasion_n may_v work_v upon_o a_o good_a nature_n so_o far_o as_o to_o prevent_v that_o which_o otherwise_o have_v be_v and_o to_o produce_v that_o which_o otherwise_o have_v not_o be_v he_o that_o can_v reconcile_v this_o with_o a_o antecedent_n necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o a_o physical_a or_o natural_a determination_n of_o all_o cause_n shall_v be_v great_a apollo_n to_o i_o whereas_o t._n h._n say_v that_o he_o have_v never_o utter_v his_o opinion_n of_o this_o question_n i_o suppose_v he_o intend_v in_o writing_n my_o conversation_n with_o he_o have_v not_o be_v frequent_a yet_o i_o remember_v well_o that_o when_o this_o question_n be_v agitate_a between_o we_o two_o in_o your_o lordship_n chamber_n by_o your_o command_n he_o do_v then_o declare_v himself_o in_o word_n both_o for_o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o event_n and_o for_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o necessity_n the_o flux_n or_o concatenation_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n numb_a 2._o t._n h._n and_o first_o i_o assure_v your_o lordship_n i_o find_v in_o it_o no_o new_a argument_n neither_o from_o scripture_n nor_o from_o reason_n that_o i_o have_v not_o often_o hear_v before_o which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o i_o be_o not_o surprise_v j._n d._n though_o i_o be_v so_o unhappy_a that_o i_o can_v present_v no_o novelty_n to_o t._n h._n yet_o i_o have_v this_o comfort_n that_o if_o he_o be_v not_o surprise_v then_o in_o reason_n i_o may_v expect_v a_o more_o mature_a answer_n from_o he_o and_o where_o he_o fail_v i_o may_v ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o weakness_n of_o his_o cause_n not_o to_o want_v of_o preparation_n but_o in_o this_o case_n i_o like_v epictetus_n his_o counsel_n well_o that_o the_o sheep_n shall_v not_o brag_v how_o much_o they_o have_v eat_v or_o what_o a_o excellent_a pasture_n they_o do_v go_v in_o but_o show_v it_o in_o their_o lamb_n and_o wool._n apposite_a answer_n and_o down_o right_a argument_n advantage_v a_o cause_n to_o tell_v what_o we_o have_v hear_v or_o see_v be_v to_o no_o 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will_n but_o whether_o the_o will_v to_o write_v and_o the_o will_v to_o forbear_v come_v upon_o he_o according_a to_o his_o will_n or_o according_a to_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o his_o own_o power_n i_o acknowledge_v this_o liberty_n that_o i_o can_v do_v if_o i_o will_v but_o to_o say_v i_o can_v will_v if_o i_o will_v i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o absurd_a speech_n wherefore_o i_o can_v grant_v he_o the_o cause_n upon_o this_o preface_n j._n d._n tacitus_n speak_v of_o a_o close_a kind_n of_o adversary_n which_o evermore_o begin_v with_o a_o man_n praise_n the_o crisis_n or_o the_o catastrophe_n of_o their_o discourse_n be_v when_o they_o come_v to_o their_o but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o good_a nature_a man_n but_o he_o have_v a_o naughty_a quality_n or_o he_o be_v a_o wise_a man_n but_o he_o have_v commit_v one_o of_o the_o great_a folly_n so_o here_o the_o praeface_n be_v a_o handsome_a one_o but_o it_o appear_v even_o in_o this_o that_o he_o have_v mistake_v the_o question_n this_o be_v to_o give_v a_o inch_n that_o one_o may_v take_v away_o a_o ell_n without_o suspicion_n to_o praise_v the_o handsomeness_n of_o the_o porch_n that_o he_o may_v gain_v credit_n to_o the_o vilify_n of_o the_o house_n whether_o of_o we_o have_v mistake_v the_o question_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n thus_o much_o i_o will_v maintain_v that_o that_o be_v no_o true_a necessity_n which_o he_o call_v necessity_n nor_o that_o liberty_n which_o he_o call_v liberty_n nor_o that_o the_o question_n which_o he_o make_v the_o question_n first_o for_o liberty_n that_o which_o he_o call_v liberty_n be_v no_o true_a liberty_n for_o the_o clear_n whereof_o it_o behoove_v we_o to_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o these_o three_o necessity_n spontaneity_n and_o liberty_n necessity_n and_o spontaneity_n may_v sometime_o meet_v together_o so_o may_v spontaneity_n and_o liberty_n but_o real_a necessity_n and_o true_a liberty_n can_v never_o meet_v together_o something_n be_v necessary_a and_o not_o voluntary_a or_o spontaneous_a something_n be_v both_o necessary_a and_o voluntary_a something_n be_v voluntary_a and_o not_o free_a something_n be_v both_o voluntary_a &_o free_a but_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v true_o necessary_a can_v never_o be_v free_a and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v true_o free_a can_v never_o be_v necessary_a necessity_n consist_v in_o a_o antecedent_n determination_n to_o one_o spontaneity_n consist_v in_o a_o conformity_n of_o the_o appetite_n either_o intellectual_a or_o sensitive_a to_o the_o object_n true_a liberty_n consist_v in_o the_o elective_a power_n of_o the_o rational_a will_n that_o which_o be_v determine_v without_o my_o concurrence_n may_v nevertheless_o agree_v well_o enough_o with_o my_o fancy_n or_o desire_n and_o obtain_v my_o subsequent_a consent_n but_o that_o which_o be_v determine_v without_o my_o concurrence_n or_o consent_n can_v be_v the_o object_n of_o my_o election_n i_o may_v like_v that_o which_o be_v inevitable_o impose_v upon_o i_o by_o another_o but_o if_o it_o be_v inevitable_o impose_v upon_o i_o by_o extrinsecall_a cause_n it_o be_v both_o folly_n for_o i_o to_o deliberate_v and_o impossible_a for_o i_o to_o choose_v whether_o i_o shall_v undergo_v it_o or_o not_o reason_n be_v the_o root_n the_o fountain_n the_o original_n of_o true_a liberty_n which_o judge_v and_o represent_v to_o the_o will_n whether_o this_o or_o that_o be_v convenient_a whether_o this_o or_o that_o be_v more_o convenient_a judge_v then_o what_o a_o pretty_a kind_n of_o liberty_n it_o be_v which_o be_v maintain_v by_o t._n h._n such_o a_o liberty_n as_o be_v in_o little_a child_n before_o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n before_o they_o can_v consult_v or_o deliberate_v of_o any_o thing_n be_v not_o this_o a_o childish_a liberty_n and_o such_o a_o liberty_n as_o be_v in_o brute_n beast_n as_o bee_n and_o spider_n which_o do_v not_o learn_v their_o faculty_n as_o we_o do_v our_o trade_n by_o experience_n and_o consideration_n this_o be_v a_o brutish_a liberty_n such_o a_o liberty_n as_o a_o bird_n have_v to_o fly_v when_o her_o wing_n be_v clip_v or_o to_o use_v his_o own_o comparison_n such_o a_o liberty_n as_o a_o lame_a man_n who_o have_v lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o limb_n have_v to_o walk_v be_v not_o this_o a_o ridiculous_a liberty_n last_o which_o be_v worse_o than_o all_o these_o such_o a_o liberty_n as_o a_o river_n have_v to_o descend_v down_o the_o channel_n what_o will_v he_o ascribe_v liberty_n to_o inanimate_a creature_n also_o which_o have_v neither_o reason_n nor_o spontaneity_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o sensitive_a appetite_n such_o be_v t._n h._n his_o liberty_n his_o necessity_n be_v just_a such_o another_o a_o necessity_n upon_o supposition_n arise_v from_o the_o concourse_n of_o all_o the_o cause_n include_v the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n in_o reasonable_a creature_n the_o adequate_a cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v together_o in_o time_n and_o when_o all_o the_o concurrent_a cause_n be_v determine_v the_o effect_n be_v determine_v also_o and_o be_v become_v so_o necessary_a that_o it_o be_v actual_o in_o be_v but_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o determine_v and_o be_v determine_v if_o all_o the_o collateral_a cause_n concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o a_o effect_n be_v antecedent_o determine_v what_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n produce_v and_o when_o they_o must_v produce_v it_o than_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o effect_n be_v necessary_a but_o if_o these_o cause_n do_v operate_v free_o or_o contingent_o if_o they_o may_v have_v suspend_v or_o deny_v their_o concurrence_n or_o have_v concur_v after_o another_o manner_n than_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o true_o and_o antecedent_o necessary_a but_o either_o free_a or_o contingent_a this_o will_v be_v yet_o clear_a by_o consider_v his_o own_o instance_n of_o cast_v ames-ace_n though_o it_o partake_v more_o of_o contingency_n then_o 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throw_v the_o dice_n into_o the_o other_o table_n in_o all_o these_o case_n what_o become_v of_o his_o n1_n the_o like_a uncertainty_n offer_v themselves_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o table_n and_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o dice_n and_o for_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o table_n and_o for_o the_o kind_n of_o wood_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o other_o circumstance_n in_o such_o a_o mass_n of_o contingency_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o effect_n shall_v be_v antecedent_o necessary_a t._n h._n appeal_n to_o every_o man_n experience_n i_o be_o content_v let_v every_o one_o reflect_v upon_o himself_o and_o he_o shall_v find_v no_o convince_a much_o less_o constrein_v reason_n to_o necessitate_v he_o to_o any_o one_o of_o these_o particular_a act_n more_o than_o another_o but_o only_o his_o own_o will_n or_o arbitrary_a determination_n so_o t._n h._n his_o necessity_n be_v no_o absolute_a no_o antecedent_n extrinsecall_v necessity_n but_o mere_o a_o necessity_n upon_o supposition_n three_o that_o which_o t._n h._n make_v the_o question_n be_v not_o the_o question_n the_o question_n be_v not_o say_v he_o whether_o a_o man_n may_v write_v if_o he_o will_v and_o forbear_v if_o he_o will_v but_o whether_o the_o will_v to_o write_v or_o the_o will_v to_o forbear_v come_v upon_o he_o according_a to_o his_o will_n or_o according_a to_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o his_o own_o power_n here_o be_v a_o distinction_n without_o a_o difference_n if_o his_o will_n do_v not_o come_v upon_o he_o according_a to_o his_o will_n than_o he_o be_v not_o a_o free_a nor_o yet_o so_o much_o as_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n which_o be_v t._n h._n his_o liberty_n certain_o all_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n if_o the_o will_v have_v no_o power_n over_o itself_o the_o agent_n be_v no_o more_o free_a than_o a_o staff_n in_o a_o man_n
this_o they_o who_o may_v do_v and_o may_v have_v do_v many_o thing_n which_o they_o leave_v undo_v and_o who_o leave_v undo_v many_o thing_n which_o they_o may_v do_v be_v not_o necessitate_v nor_o precise_o and_o antecent_o determine_v to_o do_v what_o they_o do_v but_o we_o may_v do_v many_o thing_n which_o we_o do_v not_o and_o we_o do_v many_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v leave_v undo_v as_o appear_v evident_o by_o the_o text_n allege_v therefore_o we_o be_v not_o antecedent_o and_o precise_o determine_v nor_o necessitate_v to_o do_v all_o thing_n which_o he_o do_v what_o be_v here_o of_o election_n in_o this_o argument_n to_o what_o proposition_n to_o what_o term_n do_v t._n h._n apply_v his_o answer_n he_o neither_o affirm_v nor_o deni_v nor_o distinguish_v of_o any_o thing_n contain_v in_o my_o argument_n here_o i_o must_v be_v bold_a to_o call_v upon_o he_o for_o a_o more_o pertinent_a answer_n numb_a 10._o j._n d._n argument_n 3_o three_o if_o there_o be_v no_o true_a liberty_n 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be_v not_o this_o plain_a mockery_n and_o derision_n do_v a_o love_a master_n chide_v his_o servant_n because_o he_o do_v not_o come_v at_o his_o call_n and_o yet_o know_v that_o the_o poor_a servant_n be_v chain_v and_o fetter_v so_o as_o he_o can_v move_v by_o the_o master_n own_o order_n without_o the_o servant_n default_n or_o consent_n they_o who_o talk_v here_o of_o a_o twofold_a will_n of_o god_n secret_a and_o reveal_v and_o the_o one_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o understand_v not_o what_o they_o say_v these_o two_o will_n concern_v several_a person_n the_o secret_a will_n of_o god_n be_v what_o he_o will_v do_v himself_o the_o reveal_v will_n of_o god_n be_v what_o he_o will_v have_v we_o to_o do_v it_o may_v be_v the_o secret_a will_n of_o god_n to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o the_o father_n yet_o it_o be_v god_n reveal_v will_v that_o his_o son_n shall_v wish_v his_o life_n and_o pray_v for_o his_o life_n here_o be_v no_o contradiction_n where_o the_o agent_n be_v distinct_a but_o for_o the_o same_o person_n to_o command_v one_o thing_n and_o yet_o to_o necessitate_v he_o that_o be_v command_v to_o do_v another_o thing_n to_o chide_v a_o man_n for_o do_v that_o which_o he_o have_v determine_v inevitable_o and_o irresistible_o that_o he_o must_v do_v this_o be_v i_o be_o afraid_a to_o utter_v what_o they_o be_v not_o afraid_a to_o assert_v the_o high_a dissimulation_n god_n chide_n prove_v man_n liberty_n t._n h._n to_o the_o three_o and_o five_o argument_n i_o shall_v make_v but_o one_o answer_n j._n d._n certain_o distinct_a argument_n as_o the_o three_o and_o five_o be_v the_o one_o draw_v from_o the_o truth_n of_o god_n the_o other_o draw_v from_o the_o justice_n of_o god_n the_o one_o from_o his_o objurgation_n and_o reprehension_n the_o other_o from_o his_o judgement_n after_o life_n do_v require_v distinct_a answer_n but_o the_o plain_a truth_n be_v that_o neither_o here_o nor_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o argument_n nor_o in_o this_o whole_a treatise_n be_v there_o one_o word_n of_o solution_n or_o satisfaction_n to_o this_o argument_n or_o to_o any_o part_n of_o it_o all_o that_o look_n like_o a_o answer_n be_v contain_v numb_a 12._o that_o which_o he_o do_v be_v make_v just_a by_o his_o do_v just_o i_o say_v in_o he_o not_o always_o just_a in_o we_o by_o the_o example_n for_o a_o man_n that_o shall_v command_v a_o thing_n open_o and_o plot_n secret_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o same_o if_o he_o punish_v he_o who_o he_o command_v so_o for_o not_o do_v it_o be_v unjust_a i_o dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o hope_v his_o meaning_n be_v not_o so_o bad_a as_o the_o word_n intimate_v and_o as_o i_o apprehend_v that_o be_v to_o impute_v falsehood_n to_o he_o that_o be_v truth_n itself_o and_o to_o justify_v fein_v and_o dissimulation_n in_o god_n as_o he_o do_v tyranny_n by_o the_o infiniteness_n of_o his_o power_n and_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o therefort_n by_o his_o leave_n i_o must_v once_o again_o tender_v he_o a_o new_a summons_n for_o a_o full_a and_o clear_a answer_n to_o this_o argument_n also_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o be_v not_o surprise_v whether_o he_o be_v or_o not_o be_v more_o than_o i_o know_v but_o this_o i_o see_v plain_o that_o either_o he_o be_v not_o provide_v or_o that_o his_o cause_n admit_v no_o choice_n of_o answer_n the_o jew_n deal_v ingenuous_o when_o they_o meet_v with_o a_o difficult_a knot_n which_o they_o can_v not_o untie_v to_o put_v it_o upon_o elias_n elias_n will_v answer_v it_o when_o he_o come_v numb_a 11._o j._n d._n argument_n 4_o fourthly_o if_o either_o the_o decree_n of_o god_n or_o the_o foreledge_n of_o god_n or_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n or_o the_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n or_o the_o physical_a or_o moral_a efficacy_n of_o object_n or_o the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n do_v take_v away_o true_a liberty_n than_o adam_n before_o his_o fall_n have_v no_o true_a liberty_n for_o he_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o same_o decree_n the_o same_o prescience_n the_o same_o constellation_n the_o same_o cause_n the_o same_o object_n the_o same_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n but_o quicquid_fw-la ostendes_fw-la mihi_fw-la sic_fw-la incredulous_fw-la odi_fw-la the_o great_a opposer_n of_o our_o liberty_n be_v as_o earnest_a maintainer_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o adam_n therefore_o none_o of_o these_o suppose_a impediment_n take_v away_o true_a liberty_n t._n h._n the_o four_o argument_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n if_o the_o decree_n of_o god_n or_o his_o foreknowledge_n or_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n or_o the_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n or_o the_o physical_a or_o moral_a efficacy_n of_o cause_n or_o the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n or_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v do_v take_v away_o true_a liberty_n than_o adam_n before_o his_o fall_n have_v no_o true_a liberty_n quicquid_fw-la ostendes_fw-la mihi_fw-la sic_fw-la incredulous_fw-la odi_fw-la that_o which_o i_o say_v necessitate_v and_o determinate_v every_o action_n that_o be_v may_v no_o long_o doubt_v of_o my_o meaning_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v now_o existent_a conduce_v and_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o that_o action_n hereafter_o whereof_o if_o any_o one_o thing_n now_o be_v want_v the_o effect_n can_v not_o be_v produce_v this_o concourse_n of_o cause_n whereof_o every_o one_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v such_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o like_a concourse_n of_o former_a cause_n may_v well_o be_v call_v in_o respect_n they_o be_v all_o set_n and_o order_v by_o the_o eternal_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n god_n almighty_a the_o decree_n of_o god_n but_o that_o the_o foreknowledge_n of_o god_n shall_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v true_o say_v see_v foreknowledge_n be_v knowledge_n and_o knowledge_n depend_v on_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n know_v and_o not_o they_o on_o it_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n be_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a cause_n consist_v of_o the_o concourse_n of_o all_o agent_n nor_o do_v the_o concourse_n of_o all_o cause_n make_v one_o simple_a chain_n or_o concatenation_n but_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o chain_n join_v together_o not_o in_o all_o part_n but_o in_o the_o first_o link_n god_n almighty_a and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a cause_n of_o a_o event_n do_v not_o always_o depend_v upon_o one_o single_a chain_n but_o on_o many_o together_o natural_a efficacy_n of_o object_n do_v determine_v voluntary_a agent_n and_o necessitate_v the_o will_n and_o consequent_o the_o action_n but_o for_o moral_a efficacy_n i_o understand_v not_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o judgement_n concern_v the_o good_a or_o bad_a that_o
may_v follow_v on_o any_o action_n be_v not_o proper_o the_o whole_a cause_n but_o the_o last_o part_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o may_v be_v say_v to_o produce_v the_o effect_n necessary_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o last_o feather_n may_v be_v say_v to_o break_v a_o horse_n back_o when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o lay_v on_o before_o as_o there_o want_v but_o that_o to_o do_v it_o now_o for_o his_o argument_n that_o if_o the_o concourse_n of_o all_o the_o cause_n necessitate_v the_o effect_n that_o then_o it_o follow_v adam_n have_v no_o true_a liberty_n i_o deny_v the_o consequence_n for_o i_o make_v not_o only_o the_o effect_n but_o also_o the_o election_n of_o that_o particular_a effect_n to_o be_v necessary_a in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o will_n itself_o and_o each_o propension_n of_o a_o man_n during_o his_o deliberation_n be_v as_o much_o necessitate_v and_o depend_v on_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n as_o any_o thing_n else_o whatsoever_o as_o for_o example_n it_o be_v no_o more_o necessary_a that_o fire_n shall_v burn_v then_o that_o a_o man_n or_o other_o creature_n who_o limb_n be_v move_v by_o fancy_n shall_v have_v election_n that_o be_v liberty_n to_o do_v what_o he_o have_v a_o fancy_n to_o though_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o will_n or_o power_n to_o choose_v his_o fancy_n or_o choose_v his_o election_n or_o will_n this_o doctrine_n because_o he_o say_v he_o hate_v i_o doubt_v have_v better_o be_v suppress_v as_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v if_o both_o your_o lordship_n and_o he_o have_v not_o press_v i_o to_o a_o answer_n j._n d._n this_o argument_n be_v send_v forth_o only_o as_o a_o espy_v to_o make_v a_o more_o full_a discovery_n what_o be_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o t._n h._n his_o suppose_a necessity_n which_o errand_n be_v do_v and_o the_o foundation_n whereupon_o he_o build_v be_v find_v out_o which_o be_v as_o i_o call_v it_o a_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n and_o as_o he_o call_v it_o a_o concourse_n of_o necessary_a cause_n it_o will_v now_o be_v a_o superfluous_a and_o impertinent_a work_n in_o i_o to_o undertake_v the_o refutation_n of_o all_o those_o other_o opinion_n which_o he_o do_v not_o undertake_v to_o defend_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v wave_v they_o for_o the_o present_a with_o these_o short_a animadversion_n concern_v the_o eternal_a decree_n of_o god_n he_o confound_v the_o decree_n itself_o with_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o decree_n and_o concern_v the_o foreknowledge_n of_o god_n he_o confound_v that_o speculative_a knowledge_n which_o be_v call_v the_o knowledge_n of_o vision_n which_o do_v not_o produce_v the_o intellective_a object_n no_o more_o than_o the_o sensitive_a vision_n do_v produce_v the_o sensible_a object_n with_o that_o other_o knowledge_n of_o god_n which_o be_v call_v the_o knowledge_n of_o approbation_n or_o a_o practical_a knowledge_n that_o be_v knowledge_n join_v with_o a_o act_n of_o the_o will_n of_o which_o divine_n do_v true_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o artist_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o work_n god_n make_v all_o thing_n by_o his_o word_n joh._n 1._o that_o be_v by_o his_o wisdom_n concern_v the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n i_o wish_v he_o have_v express_v himself_o more_o clear_o for_o as_o i_o do_v willing_o grant_v that_o those_o heavenly_a body_n do_v act_n upon_o these_o sublunary_a thing_n not_o only_o by_o their_o motion_n and_o light_n but_o also_o by_o a_o occult_a virtue_n which_o we_o call_v influence_n as_o we_o see_v by_o manifold_a experience_n in_o the_o loadstone_n and_o shellfish_n etc._n etc._n so_o if_o he_o intend_v that_o by_o these_o influence_n they_o do_v natural_o or_o physical_o determine_v the_o will_n or_o have_v any_o direct_a dominion_n over_o humane_a counsel_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n either_o more_o or_o less_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n concern_v the_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n whereas_o he_o make_v not_o one_o chain_n but_o a_o innumerable_a number_n of_o chain_n i_o hope_v he_o speak_v hyperbolical_o and_o do_v not_o intend_v that_o they_o be_v actual_o infinite_a the_o difference_n be_v not_o material_a whether_o one_o or_o many_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v all_o join_v together_o both_o in_o the_o first_o link_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o effect_n it_o serve_v to_o no_o end_n but_o to_o show_v what_o a_o shadow_n of_o liberty_n t._n h._n do_v fancy_n or_o rather_o what_o a_o dream_n of_o a_o shadow_n as_o if_o one_o chain_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o load_v poor_a man_n but_o he_o must_v be_v clog_v with_o innumerable_a chain_n this_o be_v just_a such_o another_o freedom_n as_o the_o turkish_a gallislave_n do_v enjoy_v but_o i_o admire_v that_o t._n h._n who_o be_v so_o verse_v in_o this_o question_n shall_v here_o confess_v that_o he_o understand_v not_o the_o difference_n between_o physical_a or_o natural_a and_o moral_a efficacy_n and_o much_o more_o that_o he_o shall_v affirm_v that_o outward_a object_n do_v determine_v voluntary_a agent_n by_o a_o natural_a efficacy_n no_o object_n no_o second_o agent_n angel_n or_o devil_n can_v determine_v the_o will_n of_o man_n natural_o but_o god_n alone_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o supreme_a dominion_n over_o all_o thing_n then_o the_o will_n be_v determine_v natural_o when_o god_n almighty_a beside_o his_o general_a influence_n whereupon_o all_o second_o cause_n do_v depend_v as_o well_o for_o their_o be_v as_o for_o their_o act_n do_v moreover_o at_o sometime_o when_o it_o please_v he_o in_o case_n extraordinary_a concur_v by_o a_o special_a influence_n and_o infuse_v something_o into_o the_o will_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n or_o a_o habit_n whereby_o the_o will_n be_v move_v and_o excite_v and_o apply_v to_o will_n or_o choose_v this_o or_o that_o then_o the_o will_n be_v determine_v moral_o when_o some_o object_n be_v propose_v to_o it_o with_o persuasive_a reason_n and_o argument_n to_o induce_v it_o to_o will_n where_o the_o determination_n be_v natural_a the_o liberty_n to_o suspend_v its_o act_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o will_n but_o not_o so_o where_o the_o determination_n be_v moral_a in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o will_n be_v determine_v extrinsecal_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n intrinsical_o the_o former_a produce_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n the_o latter_a only_o a_o necessity_n of_o supposition_n if_o the_o will_v do_v not_o suspend_v but_o assent_n than_o the_o act_n be_v necessary_a but_o because_o the_o will_n may_v suspend_v and_o not_o assent_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o will_n be_v move_v necessary_o and_o determinate_o in_o the_o latter_a free_o and_o indeterminate_o the_o former_a excitation_n be_v immediate_a the_o latter_a be_v mediate_v mediante_fw-la intellectu_fw-la and_o require_v the_o help_n of_o the_o understanding_n in_o a_o word_n so_o great_a a_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o natural_a and_o moral_a efficacy_n as_o there_o be_v between_o his_o opinion_n and_o i_o in_o this_o question_n there_o remain_v only_o the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o last_o cause_n that_o concern_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o will_n and_o to_o the_o necessary_a production_n of_o the_o act_n as_o the_o last_o feather_n may_v be_v say_v to_o break_v a_o horse_n back_o when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o lay_v on_o before_o that_o there_o want_v but_o that_o to_o do_v it_o i_o have_v show_v numb_a 7._o that_o the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n be_v not_o always_o absolute_a in_o itself_o nor_o conclusive_a to_o the_o will_n and_o when_o it_o be_v conclusive_a yet_o it_o produce_v no_o antecedent_n nor_o extrinsecall_v necessity_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v one_o thing_n more_o in_o present_a that_o by_o make_v the_o last_o judgement_n of_o right_a reason_n to_o be_v of_o no_o more_o weight_n than_o a_o single_a feather_n he_o wrong_v the_o understanding_n as_o well_o as_o he_o do_v the_o will_n the_o endeavour_n to_o deprive_v the_o will_n of_o its_o supreme_a power_n of_o application_n and_o to_o deprive_v the_o understanding_n of_o its_o supreme_a power_n of_o judicature_n and_o definition_n neither_o corporeal_a agent_n and_o object_n nor_o yet_o the_o sensitive_a appetite_n itself_o be_v a_o inferior_a faculty_n and_o affix_v to_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o body_n have_v any_o direct_a or_o immediate_a dominion_n or_o command_n over_o the_o rational_a will_n it_o be_v without_o the_o sphere_n of_o their_o activity_n all_o the_o access_n which_o they_o have_v unto_o the_o will_n be_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o understanding_n sometime_o clear_a and_o sometime_o disturb_v and_o of_o reason_n either_o right_a or_o misinform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o understanding_n all_o his_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o able_a of_o
matth._n 7.7_o st._n paul_n tell_v the_o corinthian_n 2_o cor._n 1.11_o that_o he_o be_v help_v by_o their_o prayer_n that_o be_v not_o all_o that_o the_o gift_n be_v bestow_v upon_o he_o by_o their_o mean_n so_o prayer_n be_v a_o mean_n and_o st._n james_n say_v cap._n 5.16_o the_o effectual_a fervent_a prayer_n of_o a_o righteous_a man_n avail_v much_o if_o it_o be_v effectual_a than_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n to_o show_v this_o efficacy_n of_o prayer_n our_o saviour_n use_v the_o comparison_n of_o a_o father_n towards_o his_o child_n of_o a_o neighbour_n towards_o his_o neighbour_n yea_o of_o a_o unjust_a judge_n to_o shame_v those_o who_o think_v that_o god_n have_v not_o more_o compassion_n than_o a_o wicked_a man_n this_o be_v signify_v by_o jacob_n wrestle_v and_o prevail_v with_o god_n prayer_n be_v like_o the_o tradesman_n tool_n wherewithal_o he_o get_v his_o live_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o family_n but_o say_v he_o god_n will_v be_v unchangeable_a what_o then_o he_o may_v as_o well_o use_v this_o against_o study_n physic_n and_o all_o second_o cause_n as_o against_o prayer_n he_o show_v even_o in_o this_o how_o little_a they_o attribute_v to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o man_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o mutare_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la to_o change_v the_o will_n which_o god_n never_o do_v in_o who_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o turn_v by_o change_n his_o will_n to_o love_n and_o hate_n be_v the_o same_o from_o eternity_n which_o it_o now_o be_v and_o ever_o shall_v be_v his_o love_n and_o hatred_n be_v immovable_a but_o we_o be_v remove_v non_fw-la tellus_fw-la cymbam_fw-la tellurem_fw-la cymba_fw-la reliquit_fw-la and_o velle_fw-la mutationem_fw-la to_o will_v a_o change_n which_o god_n often_o do_v to_o change_v the_o will_n argue_v a_o change_n in_o the_o agent_n but_o to_o will_v a_o change_n only_o argue_v a_o change_n in_o the_o object_n it_o be_v no_o inconstancy_n in_o a_o man_n to_o love_n or_o to_o hate_v as_o the_o object_n be_v change_v praesta_fw-la mihi_fw-la omne_fw-la eadem_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la sum_fw-la prayer_n work_v not_o upon_o god_n but_o we_o it_o render_v not_o he_o more_o propitious_a in_o himself_o but_o we_o more_o capable_a of_o mercy_n he_o say_v this_o that_o god_n do_v not_o bless_v we_o except_o we_o pray_v be_v a_o motive_n to_o prayer_n why_o talk_v he_o of_o motive_n who_o acknowledge_v no_o liberty_n nor_o admit_v any_o cause_n but_o absolute_o necessary_a he_o say_v prayer_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n no_o less_o than_o the_o blessing_n which_o we_o pray_v for_o and_o contain_v in_o the_o same_o decree_n with_o the_o blessing_n it_o be_v true_a the_o spirit_n of_o prayer_n be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n will_v he_o conclude_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o good_a employment_n of_o one_o talon_n or_o of_o one_o gift_n of_o god_n may_v not_o procure_v another_o our_o saviour_n teach_v we_o otherwise_o come_v thou_o good_a and_o faithful_a servant_n thou_o have_v be_v faithful_a in_o little_a i_o will_v make_v thou_o ruler_n over_o much_o too_o much_o light_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o light_n and_o too_o much_o law_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o justice_n i_o can_v wish_v we_o wrangle_v less_o about_o god_n decree_n until_o we_o understand_v they_o better_o but_o say_v he_o thanksgiving_n be_v no_o cause_n of_o the_o blessing_n past_a and_o prayer_n be_v but_o a_o thanksgiving_n he_o may_v even_o as_o well_o tell_v i_o that_o when_o a_o beggar_n crave_v a_o alm_n and_o when_o he_o give_v thanks_o for_o it_o it_o be_v all_o one_o every_o thanksgiving_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o prayer_n but_o every_o prayer_n and_o namely_o petition_n be_v not_o a_o thanksgiving_n in_o the_o last_o place_n he_o urge_v that_o in_o our_o prayer_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o submit_v our_o will_n to_o god_n will_v who_o ever_o make_v any_o doubt_n of_o this_o we_o must_v submit_v to_o the_o preceptive_a will_n of_o god_n or_o his_o commandment_n we_o must_v submit_v to_o the_o effective_a will_n of_o god_n when_o he_o declare_v his_o good_a pleasure_n by_o the_o event_n or_o otherwise_o but_o we_o deny_v and_o deny_v again_o either_o that_o god_n will_v thing_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la without_o himself_o necessary_o or_o that_o it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n that_o all_o second_o cause_n shall_v act_v necessary_o at_o all_o time_n which_o be_v the_o question_n and_o that_o which_o he_o allege_v to_o the_o contrary_n come_v not_o near_o it_o numb_a 16._o j._n d._n argument_n 4_o fourthly_o the_o order_n beauty_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o world_n do_v require_v that_o in_o the_o universe_n shall_v be_v agent_n of_o all_o sort_n some_o necessary_a somefree_a some_o contingent_a he_o that_o shall_v make_v either_o all_o thing_n necessary_a guide_v by_o destiny_n or_o all_o thing_n free_a govern_v by_o election_n or_o all_o thing_n contingent_a happen_v by_o chance_n do_v overthrow_v the_o beauty_n and_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o world_n t._n h._n the_o four_o argument_n from_o reason_n be_v this_o the_o order_n beauty_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o world_n require_v that_o in_o the_o universe_n shall_v be_v agent_n of_o all_o sort_n some_o necessary_a some_o free_a some_o contingent_a he_o that_o shall_v make_v all_o thing_n necessary_a or_o all_o thing_n free_a or_o all_o thing_n contingent_a do_v overthrow_v the_o beauty_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o world_n in_o which_o argument_n i_o observe_v first_o a_o contradiction_n for_o see_v he_o that_o make_v any_o thing_n in_o that_o he_o make_v it_o he_o make_v it_o to_o be_v necessary_a it_o follow_v that_o he_o that_o make_v all_o thing_n make_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o be_v as_o if_o a_o workman_n make_v a_o garment_n the_o garment_n must_v necessary_o be_v so_o if_o god_n make_v every_o thing_n every_o thing_n must_v necessary_o be_v perhaps_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o world_n require_v though_o we_o know_v it_o not_o that_o some_o agent_n shall_v work_v without_o deliberation_n which_o he_o call_v necessary_a agent_n and_o some_o agent_n with_o deliberation_n and_o those_o both_o he_o and_o i_o call_v free_a agent_n and_o that_o some_o agent_n shall_v work_v and_o we_o not_o know_v how_o and_o they_o effect_n we_o both_o call_v contingent_a but_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o he_o that_o elect_v may_v have_v his_o election_n necessary_o determine_v to_o one_o by_o former_a cause_n and_o that_o which_o be_v contingent_a and_o impute_v to_o fortune_n be_v nevertheless_o necessary_a and_o depend_v on_o precedent_n necessary_a cause_n for_o by_o contingent_a man_n do_v not_o mean_v that_o which_o have_v no_o cause_n but_o which_o have_v not_o for_o cause_v any_o thing_n which_o we_o perceive_v as_o for_o example_n when_o a_o traveller_n meet_v with_o a_o shower_n the_o journey_n have_v a_o cause_n and_o the_o rain_n have_v a_o cause_n sufficient_a enough_o to_o produce_v it_o but_o because_o the_o journey_n cause_v not_o the_o rain_n nor_o the_o rain_n the_o journey_n we_o say_v they_o be_v contingent_a one_o to_o another_o and_o thus_o you_o see_v though_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o event_n necessary_a contingent_a and_o free_a yet_o they_o may_v be_v all_o necessary_a without_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o beauty_n or_o perfection_n of_o the_o univers_n j._n d._n the_o first_o thing_n he_o observe_v in_o my_o argument_n be_v contradiction_n as_o he_o call_v it_o but_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v but_o a_o deception_n of_o the_o sight_n as_o one_o candle_n sometime_o seem_v to_o be_v two_o or_o a_o rod_n in_o the_o water_n show_v to_o be_v two_o rod_n quicquid_fw-la recipitur_fw-la recipitur_fw-la ad_fw-la modum_fw-la recipient_a be_v but_o what_o be_v this_o contradiction_n because_o i_o say_v he_o who_o make_v all_o thing_n do_v not_o make_v they_o necessary_a what_o a_o contradiction_n and_o but_o one_o proposition_n that_o be_v strange_a i_o say_v god_n have_v not_o make_v all_o agent_n necessary_a he_o say_v god_n have_v make_v all_o agent_n necessary_a here_o be_v a_o contradiction_n indeed_o but_o it_o be_v between_o he_o and_o i_o not_o between_o i_o and_o myself_o but_o yet_o though_o it_o be_v not_o a_o formal_a contradiction_n yet_o perhaps_o it_o may_v imply_v a_o contradiction_n in_o adjecto_fw-la wherefore_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n and_o dispel_v the_o mist_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v it_o be_v true_a that_o every_o thing_n when_o it_o be_v make_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o be_v make_v so_o as_o it_o be_v that_o be_v by_o a_o necessity_n of_o infallibility_n or_o supposition_n suppose_v that_o it_o be_v so_o make_v but_o this_o be_v not_o that_o absolute_a antecedent_n necessity_n whereof_o the_o question_n be_v between_o he_o and_o i_o as_o to_o use_v his_o own_o instance_n before_o the_o garment_n be_v make_v the_o tailor_n be_v
produce_v it_o inevitable_o to_o these_o proof_n he_o answer_v nothing_o but_o only_o by_o deny_v the_o first_o consequence_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o then_o sing_v over_o his_o old_a song_n that_o the_o nature_n of_o sin_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o action_n proceed_v from_o our_o will_n and_o be_v against_o the_o law_n which_o in_o our_o sense_n be_v most_o true_a if_o he_o understand_v a_o just_a law_n and_o a_o free_a rational_a will_n but_o suppose_v as_o he_o do_v that_o the_o law_n injoine_v thing_n impossible_a in_o themselves_o to_o be_v do_v than_o it_o be_v a_o unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a law_n and_o the_o transgression_n of_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n not_o to_o do_v that_o which_o never_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v and_o suppose_v likewise_o as_o he_o do_v that_o the_o will_n be_v inevitable_o determine_v by_o special_a influence_n from_o the_o first_o cause_n than_o it_o be_v not_o man_n will_n but_o god_n will_v and_o flow_v essential_o from_o the_o law_n of_o goodness_n that_o which_o he_o add_v of_o a_o judge_n be_v altogether_o impertinent_a as_o to_o his_o defence_n neither_o be_v a_o civil_a judge_n the_o proper_a judge_n nor_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o proper_a rule_n of_o sin_n but_o it_o make_v strong_o against_o he_o for_o the_o judge_n go_v upon_o a_o good_a ground_n and_o even_o this_o which_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o judge_n look_v at_o no_o high_a cause_n than_o the_o will_n of_o the_o doer_n prove_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o doer_n do_v determine_v itself_o free_o and_o that_o the_o malefactor_n have_v liberty_n to_o have_v keep_v the_o law_n if_o he_o will_v certain_o a_o judge_n ought_v to_o look_v at_o all_o material_a circumstance_n and_o much_o more_o at_o all_o essential_a cause_n whether_o every_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n will_v come_v to_o be_v examine_v more_o proper_o numb_a 31._o for_o the_o present_a it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o say_v that_o liberty_n flow_v from_o the_o sufficiency_n and_o contingency_n from_o the_o debility_n of_o the_o cause_n nature_n never_o intend_v the_o generation_n of_o a_o monster_n if_o all_o the_o cause_n concur_v sufficient_o a_o perfect_a creature_n be_v produce_v but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o insufficiency_n or_o debility_n or_o contingent_a aberration_n of_o some_o of_o the_o cause_n sometime_o a_o monster_n be_v produce_v yet_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o monster_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o production_n of_o that_o which_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v a_o monster_n otherwise_o a_o monster_n have_v not_o be_v produce_v what_o be_v it_o then_o a_o monster_n be_v not_o produce_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o order_n which_o be_v set_v in_o nature_n but_o by_o the_o contingent_a aberration_n of_o some_o of_o the_o natural_a cause_n in_o their_o concurrence_n the_o order_n set_v in_o nature_n be_v that_o every_o like_a shall_v beget_v its_o like_a but_o suppose_v the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o be_v such_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o monster_n the_o generation_n of_o a_o monster_n be_v necessary_a as_o all_o the_o event_n in_o the_o world_n be_v when_o they_o be_v that_o be_v by_o a_o hypotheticall_a necessity_n then_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o old_a help_n that_o god_n may_v punish_v by_o right_a of_o omnipotence_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sin_n the_o question_n be_v not_o now_o what_o god_n may_v do_v but_o what_o god_n will_v do_v according_a to_o that_o covenant_n which_o he_o have_v make_v with_o man_n fac_n hoc_fw-la &_o vives_fw-la do_v this_o and_o thou_o shall_v live_v whether_o god_n do_v punish_v any_o man_n contrary_a to_o this_o covenant_n hosea_n 13.9_o o_o israel_n thy_o destruction_n be_v from_o thyself_o but_o in_o i_o be_v thy_o help_n he_o that_o will_v not_o the_o death_n of_o a_o sinner_n do_v much_o less_o will_v the_o death_n of_o a_o innocent_a creature_n by_o death_n or_o destruction_n in_o this_o discourse_n the_o only_a separation_n of_o soul_n and_o body_n be_v not_o intend_v which_o be_v a_o debt_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o god_n as_o lord_n of_o life_n and_o death_n may_v just_o do_v and_o make_v it_o not_o a_o punishment_n but_o a_o blessing_n to_o the_o party_n but_o we_o understand_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o creature_n to_o eternal_a torment_n last_o he_o tell_v of_o that_o benenefit_n which_o redound_v to_o other_o from_o exemplary_a justice_n which_o be_v most_o true_a but_o not_o according_a to_o his_o own_o ground_n for_o neither_o be_v it_o justice_n to_o punish_v a_o man_n for_o do_v that_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a always_o for_o he_o not_o to_o do_v neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a to_o punish_v a_o innocent_a person_n that_o good_a may_v come_v of_o it_o and_o if_o his_o opinion_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v true_a the_o destiny_n of_o man_n can_v not_o be_v alter_v either_o by_o example_n or_o fear_n of_o punishment_n numb_a 18._o j._n d._n but_o the_o patron_n of_o necessity_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o plain_a field_n with_o reason_n have_v certain_a retreat_n or_o distinction_n which_o they_o fly_v unto_o for_o refuge_n first_o they_o distinguish_v between_o stoical_a necessity_n and_o christian_a necessity_n between_o which_o they_o make_v a_o threefold_a difference_n first_o say_v they_o the_o stoic_n do_v subject_a jupiter_n to_o destiny_n but_o we_o subject_a destiny_n to_o god_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o stoical_a and_o christian_a destiny_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o fatum_fw-la quasi_fw-la effatum_fw-la jovis_n hear_v seneca_n destiny_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o action_n depend_v upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n i_o add_v that_o the_o stoic_n leave_v a_o great_a liberty_n to_o jupiter_n over_o destiny_n than_o these_o stoical_a christian_n do_v to_o god_n over_o his_o decree_n either_o for_o the_o beginning_n of_o thing_n as_o euripides_n or_o for_o the_o progress_n of_o of_o they_o as_o chrysippus_n or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n as_o all_o of_o they_o general_o so_o virgil_n sed_fw-la trahere_fw-la &_o moras_fw-la ducere_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o osiris_n in_o apuleius_n promise_v he_o to_o prolong_v his_o life_n ultra_fw-la fato_fw-la constituta_fw-la tempora_fw-la beyond_o the_o time_n set_v down_o by_o the_o destiny_n next_o they_o say_v that_o the_o stoic_n do_v hold_v a_o eternal_a flux_n and_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o cause_n but_o they_o believe_v that_o god_n do_v act_n praeter_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la beside_o and_o against_o nature_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a whether_o they_o attribute_v necessity_n to_o god_n or_o to_o the_o star_n or_o to_o a_o connexion_n of_o cause_n so_o as_o they_o establish_v necessity_n the_o former_a reason_n do_v not_o only_o condemn_v the_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o necessity_n but_o much_o more_o necessity_n itself_o upon_o what_o ground_n soever_o either_o they_o must_v run_v into_o this_o absurdity_n that_o the_o effect_n be_v determine_v the_o cause_n remain_v undetermined_a or_o else_o hold_v such_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o cause_n as_o the_o stoic_n do_v last_o they_o say_v the_o stoic_n do_v take_v away_o liberty_n and_o contingence_n but_o they_o admit_v it_o i_o answer_v what_o liberty_n or_o contingence_n be_v it_o they_o admit_v but_o a_o titular_a liberty_n and_o a_o empty_a shadow_n of_o contingence_n who_o do_v profess_v stiff_o that_o all_o action_n and_o event_n which_o either_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v can_v but_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v otherwise_o after_o any_o other_o manner_n in_o any_o other_o place_n time_n number_n order_n measure_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o end_n than_o they_o be_v and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o god_n determine_v they_o to_o one_o what_o a_o poor_a ridiculous_a liberty_n or_o contingence_n be_v this_o second_o they_o distinguish_v between_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o second_o cause_n they_o say_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n many_o thing_n be_v free_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n all_o thing_n be_v necessary_a this_o answer_n may_v be_v take_v away_o two_o way_n first_o so_o contrary_n shall_v be_v true_a together_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n shall_v be_v determine_v to_o one_o and_o not_o determine_v to_o one_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n must_v necessary_o be_v and_o yet_o may_v not_o be_v perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v not_o in_o the_o same_o respect_n but_o that_o which_o strike_v at_o the_o root_n of_o this_o question_n be_v this_o if_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v only_o collateral_a this_o exception_n may_v have_v some_o colour_n but_o where_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v join_v together_o and_o subordinate_a one_o to_o another_o do_v make_v but_o one_o total_a
cause_n if_o any_o one_o cause_n much_o more_o the_o first_o in_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o subordination_n of_o cause_n be_v necessary_a it_o determine_v the_o rest_n and_o without_o doubt_n make_v the_o effect_n necessary_a necessity_n or_o liberty_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v from_o one_o cause_n but_o from_o all_o the_o cause_n join_v together_o if_o one_o link_n in_o a_o chain_n be_v fast_o it_o fasten_v all_o the_o rest_n second_o i_o will_v have_v they_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v predetermine_v by_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v determine_v than_o the_o effect_n be_v necessary_a even_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n if_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o determine_v how_o be_v the_o effect_n determine_v the_o second_o cause_n remain_v undetermined_a nothing_o can_v give_v that_o to_o another_o which_o it_o have_v not_o itself_o but_o say_v they_o nevertheless_o the_o power_n or_o faculty_n remain_v free_a true_o but_o not_o in_o order_n to_o the_o act_n if_o it_o be_v once_o determine_v it_o be_v free_a in_o sensu_fw-la diviso_fw-la but_o not_o in_o sensu_fw-la composito_fw-la when_o a_o man_n hold_v a_o bird_n fast_o in_o his_o hand_n be_v she_o therefore_o free_a to_o fly_v where_o she_o will_v because_o she_o have_v wing_n or_o a_o man_n imprison_v or_o fetter_v be_v he_o therefore_o free_a to_o walk_v where_o he_o will_v because_o he_o have_v foot_n and_o a_o low_a motive_n faculty_n judge_n without_o prejudice_n what_o a_o miserable_a subterfuge_n be_v this_o which_o many_o man_n confide_v so_o much_o in_o t._n h._n certain_a distinction_n which_o he_o suppose_v may_v be_v bring_v to_o his_o argument_n be_v by_o he_o remoove_v he_o say_v a_o man_n may_v perhaps_o answer_v that_o the_o necessity_n of_o thing_n hold_v by_o he_o be_v not_o a_o stoical_a necessity_n but_o a_o christian_a necessity_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o distinction_n i_o have_v not_o use_v nor_o indeed_o have_v ever_o hear_v before_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v any_o man_n can_v make_v stoical_a and_o christian_n two_o kind_n of_o necessity_n though_o they_o may_v be_v two_o kind_n of_o doctrine_n nor_o have_v i_o draw_v my_o answer_n to_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o sect_n but_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o here_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o certain_a word_n of_o he_o in_o this_o place_n as_o make_v against_o his_o own_o tenet_n where_o all_o the_o cause_n say_v he_o be_v join_v together_o and_o subordinate_a one_o to_o another_o do_v make_v but_o one_o total_a cause_n if_o any_o one_o cause_n much_o more_o the_o first_o in_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o subordination_n of_o cause_n be_v necessary_a it_o determine_v the_o rest_n and_o without_o doubt_n make_v the_o effect_n necessary_a for_o that_o which_o i_o call_v the_o necessary_a cause_n of_o any_o effect_n be_v the_o join_v together_o of_o all_o cause_n subordinate_a to_o the_o first_o into_o 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be_v prove_v that_o eternity_n be_v not_o nunc_fw-la stans_fw-la to_o a_o man_n that_o say_v these_o word_n by_o custom_n and_o never_o consider_v how_o he_o can_v conceive_v the_o thing_n itself_o in_o his_o mind_n be_v just_a like_o the_o former_a not_o to_o be_v prove_v by_o reason_n but_o by_o fancy_n which_o be_v the_o way_n he_o take_v and_o it_o be_v not_o unlike_o the_o counsel_n which_o one_o give_v to_o a_o novice_n about_o the_o choice_n of_o his_o wise_n to_o advice_n with_o the_o bell_n as_o he_o fancy_v so_o they_o found_v either_o take_v she_o or_o leave_v she_o then_o for_o his_o assumption_n it_o be_v as_o defective_a as_o his_o proposition_n that_o by_o these_o word_n spontaneity_n etc._n etc._n man_n do_v understand_v as_o he_o conceive_v no_o rational_a man_n do_v conceive_v a_o spontaneous_a action_n and_o a_o indeliberate_a action_n to_o be_v all_o one_o every_o indeliberate_a action_n be_v not_o spontaneous_a the_o fire_n consider_v not_o whether_o it_o shall_v burn_v yet_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o be_v not_o spontaneous_a neither_o be_v every_o spontaneous_a action_n indeliberate_v a_o man_n may_v deliberate_v what_o he_o will_v eat_v and_o yet_o eat_v it_o spontaneous_o neither_o do_v deliberation_n proper_o signify_v the_o consider_v of_o the_o good_a and_o evil_a sequels_fw-fr of_o a_o action_n to_o come_v but_o the_o consider_v whether_o this_o be_v a_o good_a and_o fit_a mean_n or_o the_o best_a and_o fit_a mean_n for_o obtain_v such_o a_o end_n the_o physician_n do_v not_o deliberate_a whether_o he_o shall_v cure_v his_o patient_n but_o by_o what_o mean_v he_o shall_v cure_v he_o deliberation_n be_v of_o the_o mean_v not_o of_o the_o end_n much_o less_o do_v any_o man_n conceive_v with_o t._n h._n that_o deliberation_n be_v a_o imagination_n or_o a_o act_n of_o fancy_n not_o of_o reason_n common_a to_o man_n of_o discretion_n with_o mad_a man_n and_o natural_a fool_n and_o child_n and_o bruit_n beast_n three_o neither_o do_v any_o 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and_o forbear_v if_o he_o will_v but_o he_o can_v will_v if_o he_o will_n this_o will_v not_o serve_v his_o turn_n for_o if_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o free_a action_n that_o be_v the_o will_n to_o be_v determine_v than_o the_o effect_n or_o the_o action_n itself_o be_v likewise_o determine_v a_o determine_a cause_n can_v produce_v a_o undetermined_a effect_n either_o the_o agent_n can_v will_n and_o forbear_v to_o will_n or_o else_o he_o can_v do_v and_o forbear_v to_o do_v but_o we_o differ_v whole_o about_o the_o five_o point_n he_o who_o conceive_v liberty_n aright_o conceive_v both_o a_o liberty_n in_o the_o subject_n to_o will_n or_o not_o to_o will_v and_o a_o liberty_n to_o the_o object_n to_o will_v this_o or_o that_o and_o a_o liberty_n from_o impediment_n t._n h._n by_o a_o new_a way_n of_o his_o own_o cut_n off_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n as_o if_o a_o stone_n be_v free_a to_o ascend_v or_o descend_v because_o it_o have_v no_o outward_a impediment_n and_o the_o 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conceive_v otherwise_o be_v but_o a_o beg_n of_o that_o which_o he_o shall_v prove_v other_o man_n consider_v as_o serious_o as_o himself_o with_o as_o much_o judgement_n as_o himself_o with_o less_o prejudice_n than_o himself_o and_o yet_o they_o can_v apprehend_v no_o such_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n will_v he_o have_v other_o man_n feign_v that_o they_o see_v fiery_a dragon_n in_o the_o air_n because_o he_o affirm_v confident_o that_o he_o see_v they_o and_o wonder_n why_o other_o be_v so_o blind_a as_o not_o to_o see_v they_o the_o reason_n for_o the_o six_o point_n be_v like_o the_o former_a a_o fantastical_a or_o imaginative_a reason_n how_o can_v a_o man_n imagine_v any_o thing_n to_o begin_v without_o a_o cause_n or_o if_o it_o shall_v begin_v without_o a_o cause_n why_o it_o shall_v begin_v at_o this_o time_n rather_o than_o at_o that_o time_n he_o say_v true_o nothing_o can_v begin_v without_o a_o cause_n that_o be_v to_o be_v but_o it_o may_v begin_v to_o act_v of_o 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to_o support_v it_o if_o it_o be_v a_o agent_n say_v he_o it_o can_v work_v what_o of_o this_o a_o posse_fw-la ad_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la argumentum_fw-la from_o can_v work_v to_o will_v work_v be_v a_o weak_a inference_n and_o from_o will_v work_v to_o do_v work_n upon_o absolute_a necessity_n be_v another_o gross_a inconsequence_n he_o proceed_v thus_o if_o it_o work_v there_o be_v nothing_o want_v of_o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o produce_v the_o action_n true_a there_o want_v nothing_o to_o produce_v that_o which_o be_v produce_v but_o there_o may_v want_v much_o to_o produce_v that_o which_o be_v intend_v one_o horse_n may_v pull_v his_o heart_n out_o and_o yet_o not_o draw_v the_o coach_n whither_o it_o shall_v be_v if_o he_o want_v the_o help_n or_o concurrence_n of_o his_o fellow_n and_o consequent_o say_v he_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o action_n be_v sufficient_a yes_o sufficient_a to_o do_v what_o it_o do_v though_o perhaps_o with_o much_o prejudice_n to_o 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a_o defence_n of_o true_a liberty_n from_z ante-cedent_a and_o extrinsecall_a necessity_n be_v a_o answer_n to_o a_o late_a book_n of_o mr._n thomas_n hobbs_n of_o malmsbury_n entitle_v a_o treatise_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n write_a by_o the_o right_n reverend_a john_n bramhall_n d._n d._n and_o lord_n bishop_n of_o derry_n london_n print_v for_o john_n crook_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1655._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o marquis_n of_o newcastle_n etc._n etc._n sir_n if_o i_o pretend_v to_o compose_v a_o complete_a treatise_n upon_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v not_o refuse_v those_o large_a recruite_n of_o reason_n and_o authority_n which_o offer_v themselves_o to_o serve_v in_o this_o cause_n for_o god_n and_o man_n religion_n and_o policy_n church_n &_o commonwealth_n against_o the_o blasphemous_a desperate_a and_o destructive_a opinion_n of_o fatal_a destiny_n but_o as_o my_o 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half_a of_o they_o political_a the_o other_o half_a theologicall_n to_o that_o book_n and_o every_o exception_n justify_v by_o a_o number_n of_o reason_n to_o which_o he_o never_o yet_o vouchsafe_v any_o answer_n nor_o do_v i_o now_o desire_v it_o for_o since_o that_o he_o have_v publish_v his_o leviathan_n monstrum_fw-la horrendum_fw-la inform_v ingens_fw-la cuilumen_fw-la ademptum_fw-la which_o afford_v much_o more_o matter_n of_o exception_n and_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o there_o be_v already_o two_o the_o one_o of_o our_o own_o church_n the_o other_o a_o stranger_n who_o have_v shake_v in_o piece_n the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o his_o city_n that_o be_v but_o build_v in_o the_o air_n and_o resolve_v that_o huge_a mass_n of_o his_o seem_a leviathan_n into_o a_o new_a nothing_o and_o that_o their_o labour_n will_v speedy_o be_v publish_v but_o if_o this_o information_n shall_v not_o prove_v true_a i_o will_v not_o grudge_v upon_o his_o desire_n god_n willing_a to_o demonstrate_v that_o 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resolve_v to_o answer_v j._n d_n objection_n to_o my_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o that_o which_o concern_v i_o most_o and_o afterward_o to_o examine_v this_o discourse_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n which_o because_o i_o never_o have_v utter_v my_o opinion_n of_o it_o concern_v i_o the_o less_o but_o see_v it_o be_v both_o your_o lordship_n and_o j._n d.'s_n desire_v that_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o latter_a i_o be_v content_v so_o to_o do_v and_o here_o i_o present_a and_o submit_v it_o to_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n j._n d._n the_o first_o day_n that_o i_o do_v read_v over_o t._n h._n his_o defence_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v april_n 20._o 1646._o which_o proceed_v not_o out_o of_o any_o disrespect_n to_o he_o for_o if_o all_o his_o discourse_n have_v be_v geometrical_a demonstration_n able_a not_o only_o to_o persuade_v but_o also_o to_o compel_v assent_n all_o have_v be_v one_o to_o i_o first_o my_o journey_n and_o 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or_o commonwealth_n sometime_o the_o people_n sometime_o the_o common_a council_n have_v power_n to_o name_n so_o many_o person_n for_o such_o a_o office_n and_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n or_o senate_n or_o lesser_a council_n respective_o to_o choose_v one_o of_o those_o and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v with_o that_o caution_n and_o secrecy_n by_o billett_n or_o other_o mean_n that_o no_o man_n know_v which_o way_n any_o man_n give_v his_o vote_n or_o with_o who_o to_o be_v offend_v if_o it_o be_v necessary_o and_o inevitable_o predetermine_v that_o this_o individual_a person_n and_o no_o other_o shall_v and_o must_v be_v choose_v what_o need_v all_o this_o circuit_n and_o caution_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v otherwise_o which_o one_o may_v do_v as_o well_o as_o a_o thousand_o and_o for_o do_v of_o which_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v be_v offend_v if_o the_o elector_n be_v necessary_o predetermine_v to_o elect_v this_o man_n and_o no_o other_o and_o 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be_v determine_v it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n indifferent_o either_o to_o establish_v it_o or_o to_o make_v it_o void_a at_o his_o pleasure_n so_o joshua_n 24.15_o choose_v you_o this_o day_n who_o you_o will_v serve_v but_o i_o and_o my_o house_n will_v serve_v the_o lord_n it_o be_v too_o late_o to_o choose_v that_o this_o day_n which_o be_v determine_v otherwise_o yesterday_o who_o you_o will_v serve_v whether_o the_o god_n who_o your_o father_n serve_v or_o the_o god_n of_o the_o amorites_n where_o there_o be_v a_o election_n of_o this_o or_o that_o these_o god_n or_o those_o god_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v either_o a_o indifferency_n to_o both_o object_n or_o at_o least_o a_o possibility_n of_o either_o i_o and_o my_o house_n will_v serve_v the_o lord_n if_o he_o be_v extrinsecal_o predetermine_v he_o shall_v not_o say_v i_o will_v serve_v but_o i_o must_v serve_v and_o 2_o sam._n 24.12_o i_o offer_v thou_o three_o thing_n choose_v thou_o which_o of_o they_o i_o shall_v do_v how_o do_v god_n offer_v three_o thing_n to_o david_n choice_n if_o he_o have_v predetermine_v he_o to_o one_o of_o the_o three_o by_o a_o concourse_n of_o necessary_a extrinsecall_a cause_n if_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n shall_v descend_v so_o far_o as_o to_o offer_v a_o delinquent_n his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v be_v fine_v or_o imprison_v or_o banish_v and_o have_v under_o hand_n sign_v the_o sentence_n of_o his_o banishment_n what_o be_v it_o else_o but_o plain_a drollery_n or_o mockery_n this_o be_v the_o argument_n which_o in_o t._n h._n his_o opinion_n look_v another_o way_n if_o it_o do_v it_o be_v as_o the_o parthian_n use_v to_o fight_v fly_v his_o reason_n follow_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v numb_a 7._o t._n h._n for_o if_o there_o come_v into_o the_o husband_n mind_n great_a good_a by_o establish_v than_o abrogate_a such_o a_o vow_n the_o establish_n will_v follow_v necessary_o and_o if_o the_o evil_a that_o will_v follow_v thereon_o in_o the_o husband_n opinion_n outweigh_v the_o good_a the_o contrary_n must_v needs_o follow_v and_o yet_o in_o this_o follow_n of_o one_o hope_n and_o fear_n consist_v the_o nature_n of_o election_n so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v both_o choose_v this_o and_o can_v but_o choose_v this_o and_o consequent_o choose_v and_o necessity_n be_v join_v together_o j._n d._n there_o be_v nothing_o say_v with_o more_o show_n of_o reason_n in_o this_o cause_n by_o the_o patron_n of_o necessity_n and_o adversary_n of_o true_a liberty_n than_o this_o that_o the_o will_n do_v perpetual_o and_o infallible_o follow_v the_o last_o dictate_v of_o the_o understanding_n or_o the_o last_o judgement_n of_o right_a reason_n and_o in_o this_o and_o this_o only_a i_o confess_v t._n h._n have_v good_a second_o yet_o the_o common_a and_o approve_a opinion_n be_v contrary_a and_o just_o for_o first_o this_o very_a act_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o will_n and_o a_o testimony_n of_o its_o power_n and_o liberty_n 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understanding_n be_v her_o trusty_a counsellor_n which_o give_v no_o advice_n but_o when_o it_o be_v require_v by_o the_o will_n and_o if_o the_o first_o consultation_n or_o deliberation_n be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o will_n may_v move_v a_o review_n and_o require_v the_o understanding_n to_o inform_v itself_o better_a and_o take_v advise_v of_o other_o from_o whence_o many_o time_n the_o judgement_n of_o the_o understanding_n do_v receive_v alteration_n second_o for_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o understanding_n do_v determine_v the_o will_n it_o be_v not_o natural_o but_o moral_o the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o the_o understanding_n not_o as_o by_o a_o efficient_a have_v a_o causal_n influence_n into_o the_o effect_n but_o only_o by_o propose_v and_o represent_v the_o object_n and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o say_v that_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sight_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o see_v so_o it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o propose_v of_o the_o object_n by_o the_o understanding_n to_o the_o will_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o willing_a and_o therefore_o the_o understanding_n have_v no_o place_n in_o that_o concourse_n of_o cause_n which_o according_a to_o t._n h._n do_v necessitate_v the_o will_n three_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v not_o always_o practicè_fw-la practicum_fw-la nor_o of_o such_o a_o nature_n in_o itself_o as_o to_o oblige_v and_o determine_v the_o will_n to_o one_o sometime_o the_o understanding_n propose_v two_o or_o three_o mean_n equal_o available_a to_o the_o alter_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o end_n sometime_o it_o dictate_v that_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a good_a be_v eligible_a or_o fit_a to_o be_v choose_v but_o not_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_o eligible_a or_o that_o it_o must_v be_v choose_v it_o may_v judge_v this_o or_o that_o to_o
which_o be_v good_a but_o hatred_n there_o signify_v comparative_a hatred_n or_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o love_n or_o at_o the_o most_o a_o negation_n of_o love_n as_o gen._n 29.31_o when_o the_o lord_n see_v that_o leah_n be_v hate_v we_o may_v not_o conclude_v thence_o that_o jacob_n hate_v his_o wife_n the_o precedent_a verse_n do_v full_o expound_v the_o sense_n ver_fw-la 30._o jacob_n love_v rachel_n more_o than_o leah_n so_o mat._n 6.24_o no_o man_n can_v serve_v two_o master_n for_o either_o he_o will_v hate_v the_o one_o and_o love_n the_o other_o so_o luke_n 14.26_o if_o any_o man_n hate_v not_o his_o father_n and_o mother_n etc._n etc._n he_o can_v be_v my_o disciple_n st._n matthew_n tell_v we_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o math._n 10.37_o he_o that_o love_v father_n or_o mother_n more_o than_o i_o be_v not_o worthy_a of_o i_o second_o those_o word_n for_o 15._o i_o will_v have_v mercy_n on_o who_o i_o will_v have_v mercy_n do_v prove_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o the_o prefer_n of_o jacob_n before_o esau_n and_o of_o the_o christian_n before_o the_o jew_n be_v not_o a_o debt_n from_o god_n either_o to_o the_o one_o or_o to_o the_o other_o but_o a_o work_n of_o mercy_n and_o what_o of_o this_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o god_n mercy_n do_v exceed_v man_n desert_n but_o god_n punishment_n do_v never_o exceed_v man_n misdeed_n as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o parable_n of_o the_o labourer_n matth._n 20._o friend_n i_o do_v thou_o no_o wrong_n do_v not_o i_o agree_v with_o thou_o for_o a_o penny_n be_v it_o not_o lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v with_o my_o own_o as_o i_o will_v be_v thy_o eye_n evil_a because_o i_o be_o good_a act_n of_o mercy_n be_v free_a but_o act_n of_o justice_n be_v due_a that_o which_o follow_v ver_fw-la 17._o come_v something_o near_a the_o cause_n the_o scripture_n say_v unto_o pharaoh_n for_o this_o same_o purpose_n i_o have_v raise_v thou_o up_o that_o be_v i_o have_v make_v thou_o a_o king_n or_o i_o have_v preserve_v thou_o that_o i_o may_v show_v my_o power_n in_o thou_o but_o this_o particle_n that_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v the_o main_a end_n of_o a_o action_n but_o sometime_o only_a a_o consequent_a of_o it_o as_o matth._n 2.15_o he_o depart_v into_o egypt_n that_o it_o may_v be_v fulfil_v which_o be_v speak_v by_o the_o prophet_n out_o of_o egypt_n have_v i_o call_v my_o son_n without_o doubt_n joseph_n aim_v or_o end_n of_o his_o journey_n be_v not_o to_o fulfil_v prophecy_n but_o to_o save_v the_o life_n of_o the_o child_n yet_o because_o the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o prophecy_n be_v a_o consequent_a of_o joseph_n journey_n he_o say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v fulfil_v so_o here_o i_o have_v raise_v thou_o up_o that_o i_o may_v show_v my_o power_n again_o though_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o this_o particle_n that_o do_v denote_v the_o intention_n of_o god_n to_o destroy_v pharaoh_n in_o the_o red_a sea_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o antecedent_n intention_n of_o god_n which_o evermore_o respect_v the_o good_a and_o benefit_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o god_n consequent_a intention_n upon_o the_o praevision_n of_o pharaoh_n obstinacy_n that_o since_o he_o will_v not_o glorify_v god_n in_o obey_v his_o word_n he_o shall_v glorify_v god_n undergo_a his_o judgement_n hitherto_o we_o find_v no_o aeternal_a punishment_n nor_o no_o temporal_a punishment_n without_o just_a desert_n it_o follow_v ver_fw-la 18._o who_o he_o will_v he_o harden_v indeed_o hardness_n of_o heart_n be_v the_o great_a judgement_n that_o god_n lay_v upon_o a_o sinner_n in_o this_o use_n worse_o than_o all_o the_o plague_n of_o egypt_n but_o how_o do_v god_n harden_v the_o heart_n not_o by_o a_o natural_a influence_n of_o any_o evil_a act_n or_o habit_n into_o the_o will_n nor_o by_o induce_v the_o will_n with_o persuasive_a motive_n to_o obstinacy_n and_o rebellion_n for_o god_n tempt_v no_o man_n but_o every_o man_n be_v tempt_v when_o he_o be_v draw_v away_o of_o his_o own_o lust_n and_o entice_v jam._n 1.13_o then_o god_n be_v say_v to_o harden_v the_o heart_n three_o way_n first_o negative_o and_o not_o positive_o not_o by_o impart_v wickedness_n but_o by_o not_o impart_v grace_n as_o the_o sun_n descend_v to_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n it_o be_v say_v with_o we_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o winter_n that_o be_v not_o by_o impart_v cold_a but_o by_o not_o impart_v heat_n it_o be_v a_o act_n of_o mercy_n in_o god_n to_o give_v his_o grace_n free_o but_o to_o detain_v it_o be_v no_o act_n of_o injustice_n so_o the_o apostle_n oppose_v harden_v to_o show_v of_o mercy_n to_o harden_v be_v as_o much_o as_o not_o to_o show_v mercy_n second_o god_n be_v say_v to_o harden_v the_o heart_n occasional_o and_o not_o causal_o by_o do_v good_a which_o incorrigible_a sinner_n make_v a_o occasion_n of_o grow_v worse_a and_o worse_o and_o do_v evil_n as_o a_o master_n by_o often_o correct_v of_o a_o untoward_a scholar_n do_v accidental_o and_o occasional_o harden_v his_o heart_n and_o render_v he_o more_o obdurate_a insomuch_o as_o he_o grow_v even_o to_o despise_v the_o rod._n or_o as_o a_o indulgent_a parent_n by_o his_o patience_n and_o gentleness_n do_v encourage_v a_o obstinate_a son_n to_o become_v more_o rebellious_a so_o whether_o we_o look_v upon_o god_n frequent_a judgement_n upon_o pharaoh_n or_o god_n iterate_v favour_n in_o remove_v and_o withdraw_v those_o judgement_n upon_o pharaoh_n request_n both_o of_o they_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n be_v occasion_n of_o harden_v pharaoh_n heart_n the_o one_o make_v he_o more_o presumptuous_a the_o other_o more_o desperate_o rebellious_a so_o that_o which_o be_v good_a in_o it_o be_v god_n that_o which_o be_v evil_a be_v pharaoh_n god_n give_v the_o occasion_n but_o pharaoh_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o obduration_n this_o be_v clear_o confirm_v gen._n 8.15_o when_o pharaoh_n see_v that_o there_o be_v respite_n he_o harden_v his_o heart_n and_o gen._n 9.34_o when_o pharaoh_n see_v that_o the_o rain_n and_o the_o hail_v and_o the_o thunder_n be_v cease_v he_o sin_v yet_o more_o and_o harden_v his_o heart_n he_o and_o his_o servant_n so_o psal_n 105.25_o he_o turn_v their_o heart_n so_o that_o they_o hate_v his_o people_n and_o deal_v subtle_o with_o they_o that_o be_v god_n bless_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n whereupon_o the_o egyptian_n do_v take_v occasion_n to_o hate_v they_o as_o be_v plain_a exod._n 1._o ver_fw-la 7_o 8_o 9_o 10._o so_o god_n harden_v pharaoh_n heart_n and_o pharaoh_n harden_v his_o own_o heart_n god_n harden_v it_o by_o not_o show_v mercy_n to_o pharaoh_n as_o he_o do_v to_o nabuchadnezzar_n who_o be_v as_o great_a a_o sinner_n as_o he_o or_o god_n harden_v it_o occasional_o but_o still_o pharaoh_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o obduration_n by_o determine_v his_o own_o will_n to_o evil_a and_o confirm_v himself_o in_o his_o obstinacy_n so_o be_v all_o presumptuous_a sinner_n psal_n 95.8_o harden_n not_o your_o heart_n as_o in_o the_o provocation_n as_o in_o the_o day_n of_o temptation_n in_o the_o wilderness_n three_o god_n be_v say_v to_o harden_v the_o heart_n permissive_o but_o not_o operative_o nor_o effective_o as_o he_o who_o only_o let_v we_o loose_v a_o greyhound_n out_o of_o the_o slip_n be_v say_v to_o hound_n he_o at_o the_o hare_n will_v you_o see_v plain_o what_o st._n paul_n intend_v by_o harden_v read_v ver_fw-la 22._o what_o if_o god_n willing_a to_o show_v his_o wrath_n and_o to_o make_v his_o power_n know_v that_o be_v by_o a_o consequent_a will_n which_o in_o order_n of_o nature_n follow_v the_o provision_n of_o sin_n endure_v with_o much_o long_o suffer_v the_o vessel_n of_o wrath_n fit_v to_o destruction_n and_o that_o he_o may_v make_v know_v the_o riches_n of_o his_o glory_n on_o the_o vessel_n of_o mercy_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v much_o difference_n between_o endure_v and_o impel_v or_o incite_v the_o vessel_n of_o wrath_n he_o say_v of_o the_o vessel_n of_o mercy_n that_o god_n prepare_v they_o unto_o glory_n but_o of_o the_o vessel_n of_o wrath_n he_o say_v only_o that_o they_o be_v fit_v to_o destruction_n that_o be_v not_o by_o god_n but_o by_o themselves_o st._n paul_n say_v that_o god_n do_v endure_v the_o vessel_n of_o wrath_n with_o much_o long_a suffering_n t._n h._n say_v that_o god_n will_n and_o effect_n by_o the_o second_o cause_n all_o their_o action_n good_a and_o bad_a that_o he_o necessitate_v they_o and_o determine_v they_o irresistible_o to_o do_v those_o act_n which_o he_o condemn_v as_o evil_a and_o for_o which_o he_o punish_v they_o if_o do_v willing_o and_o endure_v if_o much_o long_a suffering_n and_o necessitate_v imply_v not_o a_o contrariety_n one_o to_o another_o reddat_fw-la
deny_v that_o it_o make_v consultation_n to_o be_v in_o vain_a it_o be_v the_o consultation_n that_o cause_v a_o man_n and_o necessitate_v he_o to_o choose_v to_o do_v one_o thing_n rather_o than_o another_o so_o that_o unless_o a_o man_n say_v that_o cause_n to_o be_v in_o vain_a which_o necessitate_v the_o effect_n he_o can_v infer_v the_o superfluousness_n of_o consultation_n out_o of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o election_n proceed_v from_o it_o but_o it_o seem_v he_o reason_n thus_o if_o i_o must_v needs_o do_v this_o rather_o than_o that_o than_o i_o shall_v do_v this_o rather_o than_o that_o though_o i_o consult_v not_o at_o all_o which_o be_v a_o false_a proposition_n a_o false_a consequence_n and_o no_o better_a than_o this_o if_o i_o shall_v live_v till_o to_o morrow_n i_o shall_v live_v till_o to_o morrow_n though_o i_o run_v myself_o through_o with_o a_o sword_n to_o day_n if_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o a_o action_n shall_v be_v do_v or_o that_o any_o effect_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o necessary_o require_v as_o a_o mean_n to_o bring_v it_o to_o pass_v and_o therefore_o when_o it_o be_v determine_v that_o one_o thing_n shall_v be_v choose_v before_o another_o it_o be_v determine_v also_o for_o what_o cause_n it_o shall_v be_v choose_v which_o cause_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v deliberation_n or_o consultation_n and_o therefore_o consultation_n be_v not_o in_o vain_a and_o indeed_o the_o less_o in_o vain_a by_o how_o much_o the_o election_n be_v more_o necessitate_v the_o same_o answer_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o three_o suppose_a inconveniency_n namely_o that_o admonition_n be_v in_o vain_a for_o admonition_n be_v part_n of_o consultation_n the_o admonitor_n be_v a_o counsellor_n for_o the_o time_n to_o he_o that_o be_v admonish_v the_o four_o pretend_a inconveniency_n be_v that_o praise_n and_o dispraise_v reward_n and_o punishment_n will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o for_o praise_n and_o dispraise_v they_o depend_v not_o at_o all_o on_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o action_n praise_v or_o dispraise_v for_o what_o be_v it_o else_o to_o praise_v but_o to_o say_v a_o thing_n be_v good_a good_a i_o say_v for_o i_o or_o for_o some_o body_n else_o or_o for_o the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o what_o be_v it_o to_o say_v a_o action_n be_v good_a but_o to_o say_v it_o be_v as_o i_o will_v wish_v or_o as_o another_o will_v have_v it_o or_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o state_n that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o law_n do_v j._n d._n think_v that_o no_o action_n can_v please_v i_o or_o he_o or_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o shall_v proceed_v from_o necessity_n thing_n may_v be_v therefore_o necessary_a and_o yet_o praiseworthy_a as_o also_o necessary_a and_o yet_o dispraise_v and_o neither_o of_o both_o in_o vain_a because_o praise_v and_o dispraise_v and_o likewise_o reward_n and_o punishment_n do_v by_o example_n make_v and_o conform_v the_o will_n to_o good_a or_o evil_n it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a praise_n in_o my_o opinion_n that_o velleius_n paterculus_n give_v cato_n where_o he_o say_v he_o be_v good_a by_o nature_n et_fw-la quia_fw-la aliter_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la the_o five_o and_o sixth_o inconvenience_n that_o counsel_n art_n arm_n book_n instrument_n study_v medicine_n and_o the_o like_a will_v be_v superfluous_a the_o same_o answer_n serve_v that_o to_o the_o former_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o this_o consequence_n if_o the_o effect_n shall_v necessary_o come_v to_o pass_v than_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v without_o its_o cause_n be_v a_o false_a one_o and_o those_o thing_n name_v counsel_n art_n arm_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o effect_n j._n d._n nothing_o be_v more_o familiar_a with_o t._n h._n than_o to_o decline_v a_o argument_n but_o i_o will_v put_v it_o into_o form_n for_o he_o the_o first_o inconvenience_n be_v thus_o press_v those_o law_n be_v unjust_a and_o tyrannical_a which_o do_v prescribe_v thing_n absolute_o impossible_a in_o themselves_o to_o be_v do_v and_o punish_v man_n for_o not_o do_v of_o they_o but_o suppose_v t._n h._n his_o opinion_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a all_o law_n do_v prescribe_v absolute_a impossibility_n to_o be_v do_v and_o punish_v man_n for_o not_o do_v of_o they_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v just_a law_n be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o right_a reason_n but_o those_o law_n which_o prescribe_v absolute_a impossibility_n be_v not_o the_o ordinance_n of_o right_a reason_n just_a law_n be_v institute_v for_o the_o public_a good_a but_o those_o law_n which_o prescribe_v absolute_a impossibility_n be_v not_o institute_v for_o the_o public_a good_a just_a law_n do_v show_v unto_o a_o man_n what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v shun_v but_o those_o law_n which_o prescribe_v impossibility_n do_v not_o direct_v a_o man_n what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v and_o what_o he_o be_v to_o shun_v the_o minor_a be_v as_o evident_a for_o if_o his_o opinion_n be_v true_a all_o action_n all_o transgression_n be_v determine_v antecedent_o inevitable_o to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o natural_a and_o necessary_a flux_n of_o extrinsecall_a cause_n yea_o even_o the_o will_n of_o man_n and_o the_o reason_n itself_o be_v thus_o determine_v and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o law_n do_v prescribe_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v not_o do_v or_o to_o be_v leave_v undo_v which_o be_v do_v do_v prescribe_v absolute_a impossibility_n and_o punish_v man_n for_o not_o do_v of_o impossibility_n in_o all_o his_o answer_n there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n to_o this_o argument_n but_o only_o to_o the_o conclusion_n he_o say_v that_o not_o the_o necessity_n but_o the_o will_v to_o break_v the_o law_n make_v the_o action_n unjust_a i_o ask_v what_o make_v the_o will_n to_o break_v the_o law_n be_v it_o not_o his_o necessity_n what_o get_v he_o by_o this_o a_o perverse_a will_n cause_v injustice_n and_o necessity_n cause_v a_o perverse_a will_n he_o say_v the_o law_n regard_v the_o will_n but_o not_o the_o precedent_a cause_n of_o action_n to_o what_o proposition_n to_o what_o term_n be_v this_o answer_n he_o neither_o deny_v nor_o distinguish_v first_o the_o question_n here_o be_v not_o what_o make_v action_n to_o be_v injust_a but_o what_o make_v law_n to_o be_v unjust_a so_o his_o answer_n be_v impertinent_a it_o be_v likewise_o untrue_a for_o first_o that_o will_v which_o the_o law_n regard_v be_v not_o such_o a_o will_n as_o t._n h._n imagine_v it_o be_v a_o free_a will_n not_o a_o determine_v necessitate_a will_n a_o rational_a will_n not_o a_o brutish_a will_n second_o the_o law_n do_v look_v upon_o precedent_a cause_n as_o well_o as_o the_o voluntariness_n of_o the_o action_n if_o a_o child_n before_o he_o be_v seven_o year_n old_a or_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n in_o some_o childish_a quarrel_n do_v willing_o stab_v another_o whereof_o we_o have_v see_v experience_n yet_o the_o law_n look_v not_o upon_o it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o murder_n because_o there_o want_v a_o power_n to_o deliberate_v and_o consequent_o true_a liberty_n manslaughter_n may_v be_v as_o voluntary_a as_o murder_v and_o common_o more_o voluntary_a because_o be_v do_v in_o hot_a blood_n there_o be_v the_o less_o reluctation_n yet_o the_o law_n consider_v that_o the_o former_a be_v do_v out_o of_o some_o sudden_a passion_n without_o serious_a deliberation_n and_o the_o other_o out_o of_o prepense_a malice_n and_o desire_v of_o revenge_n and_o therefore_o condemn_v murder_n as_o more_o wilful_a and_o more_o punishable_a than_o manslaughter_n he_o say_v that_o no_o law_n can_v possible_o be_v unjust_a and_o i_o say_v that_o this_o be_v to_o deny_v the_o conclusion_n which_o deserve_v no_o reply_n but_o to_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n i_o will_v follow_v he_o in_o this_o also_o if_o he_o intend_v no_o more_o but_o that_o unjust_a law_n be_v not_o genuine_a law_n nor_o bind_v to_o active_a obedience_n because_o they_o be_v not_o the_o ordination_n of_o right_a reason_n nor_o institute_v for_o the_o common_a good_a nor_o prescribe_v that_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v he_o say_v true_o but_o nothing_o at_o all_o to_o his_o purpose_n but_o if_o he_o intend_v as_o he_o do_v that_o there_o be_v no_o law_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la which_o be_v the_o ordinance_n of_o reason_n err_v institute_v for_o the_o common_a hurt_n and_o prescribe_v that_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v he_o be_v much_o mistake_v pharaoh_n law_n to_o drown_v the_o male_a child_n of_o the_o israelite_n exod._n 1.22_o nebuchadnezar_n law_n that_o whosoever_o do_v not_o fall_v down_o and_o worship_v the_o golden_a image_n which_o he_o
which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o much_o great_a part_n of_o philosopher_n &_o schoolman_n and_o do_v he_o think_v that_o all_o these_o speak_v nonsense_n or_o have_v no_o more_o judgement_n than_o to_o contradict_v themselves_o in_o a_o definition_n he_o may_v much_o better_o suspect_v himself_o than_o censure_n so_o many_o let_v we_o see_v the_o definition_n itself_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v that_o which_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v present_a that_o be_v needful_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o i_o acknowledge_v the_o old_a definition_n of_o liberty_n with_o little_a variation_n but_o i_o can_v see_v this_o nonsense_n nor_o discover_v this_o contradiction_n for_o in_o these_o word_n all_o thing_n needful_a or_o all_o thing_n requisite_a the_o actual_a determination_n of_o the_o will_n be_v not_o include_v but_o by_o all_o thing_n needful_a or_o requisite_a all_o necessary_a power_n either_o operative_a or_o elective_a all_o necessary_a instrument_n and_o adjument_n extrinsecall_v and_o intrinsical_v and_o all_o condition_n be_v intend_v as_o he_o that_o have_v pen_n and_o ink_n and_o paper_n a_o table_n a_o desk_n and_o leisure_n the_o art_n of_o writing_n and_o the_o free_a use_n of_o his_o hand_n have_v all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o write_v if_o he_o will_v and_o yet_o he_o may_v forbear_v if_o he_o will_n or_o as_o he_o that_o have_v man_n and_o money_n and_o arm_n and_o munition_n and_o ship_n and_o a_o just_a cause_n have_v all_o thing_n requisite_a for_o war_n yet_o he_o may_v make_v peace_n if_o he_o will_n or_o as_o the_o king_n proclaim_v in_o the_o gospel_n matth._n 22.4_o i_o have_v prepare_v my_o dinner_n my_o ox_n and_o my_o fatling_n be_v kill_v all_o thing_n be_v ready_a come_v unto_o the_o marriage_n according_a to_o t._n h._n his_o doctrine_n the_o guest_n may_v have_v tell_v he_o that_o he_o say_v not_o true_o for_o their_o own_o will_n be_v not_o ready_a and_o indeed_o if_o the_o will_n be_v as_o he_o conceive_v it_o be_v necessitate_v extrinsecal_o to_o every_o act_n of_o willing_a if_o it_o have_v no_o power_n to_o forbear_v willing_a what_o it_o do_v will_n nor_o to_o will_v what_o it_o do_v not_o will_n then_o if_o the_o will_n be_v want_v something_o requisite_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_n be_v want_v but_o now_o when_o science_n and_o conscience_n reason_n and_o religion_n our_o own_o and_o other_o man_n experience_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o will_n have_v a_o dominion_n over_o its_o own_o act_n to_o will_n or_o will_v without_o extrinsecall_v necessitation_n if_o the_o power_n to_o will_v be_v present_a in_o actu_fw-la primo_fw-la determinable_a by_o ourselves_o than_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a power_n want_v in_o this_o respect_n to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_n second_o these_o word_n to_o act_n or_o not_o to_o act_v to_o work_v or_o not_o to_o work_v to_o produce_v or_o not_o to_o produce_v have_v reference_n to_o the_o effect_n not_o as_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v already_o do_v or_o do_v but_o as_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v they_o imply_v not_o the_o actual_a production_n but_o the_o producibility_n of_o the_o effect_n but_o when_o once_o the_o will_n have_v actual_o concur_v with_o all_o other_o cause_n and_o condition_n and_o circumstance_n than_o the_o effect_n be_v no_o more_o possible_a or_o producible_a but_o it_o be_v in_o be_v and_o actual_o produce_v thus_o he_o take_v away_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o question_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o effect_n producible_a be_v free_a from_o necessity_n he_o shuffle_n out_o effect_n producible_a and_o thrust_v in_o their_o place_n effect_n produce_v or_o which_o be_v in_o the_o act_n of_o production_n wherefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o nonsense_n nor_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o a_o free_a agent_n when_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n be_v present_a may_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o numb_a 33._o t._n h._n for_o my_o first_o five_o point_n where_o it_o be_v explicate_v first_o what_o spontaneity_n be_v second_o what_o deliberation_n be_v three_o what_o will_v propension_n and_o appetite_n be_v four_o what_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v five_o what_o liberty_n be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o proof_n offer_v but_o every_o man_n own_o experience_n by_o reflect_v on_o himself_o and_o remember_v what_o he_o use_v to_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n that_o be_v what_o he_o himself_o mean_v when_o he_o say_v a_o action_n be_v spontaneous_a a_o man_n deliberate_v such_o be_v his_o will_n that_o agent_n or_o that_o action_n be_v free_a now_o he_o that_o so_o reflect_v on_o himself_o can_v but_o be_v satisfy_v but_o that_o deliberation_n be_v the_o consider_v of_o the_o good_a &_o evil_a sequell_n of_o the_o action_n to_o come_v that_o by_o spontaneity_n be_v mean_v inconsiderate_a proceed_n for_o else_o nothing_o be_v mean_v by_o it_o that_o will_n be_v the_o last_o act_n of_o our_o deliberation_n that_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v he_o that_o can_v do_v if_o he_o will_v and_o forbear_v if_o he_o will_n and_o that_o liberty_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o exteruall_a impediment_n but_o to_o those_o that_o out_o of_o custom_n speak_v not_o what_o they_o conceive_v but_o what_o they_o hear_v and_o be_v not_o able_a or_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o consider_v what_o they_o think_v when_o they_o hear_v such_o word_n no_o argument_n can_v be_v sufficient_a because_o experience_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v not_o verify_v by_o other_o man_n argument_n but_o by_o every_o man_n own_o sense_n and_o memory_n for_o example_n how_o can_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o to_o love_v a_o thing_n and_o to_o think_v it_o good_a be_v all_o one_o to_o a_o man_n that_o do_v not_o mark_v his_o own_o meaning_n by_o those_o word_n or_o how_o can_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o eternity_n be_v not_o nunc_fw-la stans_fw-la to_o a_o man_n that_o say_v these_o word_n by_o custom_n and_o never_o consider_v how_o he_o can_v 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for_o himself_o so_o he_o call_v his_o reason_n numb_a 36._o demonstrative_a proof_n all_o demonstration_n be_v either_o from_o the_o cause_n or_o the_o effect_n not_o from_o private_a notion_n and_o conception_n which_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n that_o which_o he_o call_v a_o demonstration_n deserve_v not_o the_o name_n of_o a_o intimation_n he_o argue_v thus_o that_o which_o a_o man_n conceive_v in_o his_o mind_n by_o these_o word_n spontaneity_n deliberation_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o be_v this_o be_v his_o proposition_n which_o i_o deny_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o private_a idea_n or_o conception_n of_o man_n but_o by_o their_o cause_n and_o formal_a reason_n ask_v a_o ordinary_a person_n what_o upward_o signify_v and_o whether_o our_o antipode_n have_v their_o head_n upward_o or_o downward_o and_o he_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o his_o head_n be_v upward_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v downward_o and_o this_o be_v because_o he_o know_v not_o the_o formal_a reason_n thereof_o that_o the_o heaven_n encircle_v the_o earth_n and_o what_o be_v towards_o heaven_n be_v upward_o this_o same_o erroneous_a notion_n of_o upward_o and_o downward_o before_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v full_o discover_v abuse_v more_o than_o ordinary_a capacity_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o argument_n of_o pend●…li_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o pendulae_fw-la arbores_fw-la again_o what_o do_v man_n conceive_v ordinary_a by_o this_o word_n empty_a as_o when_o they_o say_v a_o empty_a vessel_n or_o by_o this_o word_n body_n as_o when_o they_o say_v there_o be_v no_o body_n in_o that_o room_n they_o intend_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o air_n either_o out_o of_o the_o vessel_n or_o out_o of_o the_o room_n yet_o reason_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o vessel_n be_v