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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n effect_n necessary_a voluntary_a 1,389 5 11.0339 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A64084 A brief disquisition of the law of nature according to the principles and method laid down in the Reverend Dr. Cumberland's (now Lord Bishop of Peterboroughs) Latin treatise on that subject : as also his confutations of Mr. Hobb's principles put into another method : with the Right Reverend author's approbation. Tyrrell, James, 1642-1718.; Cumberland, Richard, 1631-1718. De legibus naturae disquisitio philosophica. 1692 (1692) Wing T3583; ESTC R23556 190,990 498

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that_o of_o all_o other_o though_o such_o case_n be_v indefinite_a can_v be_v certain_o or_o distinct_o know_v §_o 8._o but_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o a_o few_o man_n happiness_n be_v render_v useless_a for_o the_o present_a nor_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o the_o future_a if_o it_o be_v seek_v by_o oppose_v or_o postpone_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_n because_o the_o mind_n be_v thus_o affect_v a_o main_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o its_o own_o felicity_n must_v needs_o still_o be_v want_v viz._n that_o inward_a peace_n of_o conscience_n proceed_v from_o a_o solid_a reason_n and_o true_a prudence_n always_o constant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o itself_o for_o whilst_o such_o a_o person_n resolve_v to_o act_v by_o one_o rule_n towards_o himself_o and_o by_o another_o towards_o all_o other_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o therefore_o need_v and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o himself_o he_o must_v needs_o contradict_v his_o own_o reason_n and_o so_o want_v that_o true_a joy_n and_o satisfaction_n constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o just_a benevolent_a and_o good-natured_a person_n from_o the_o sense_n of_o another_o good_a and_o happiness_n when_o promote_v or_o procure_v by_o himself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v true_o happy_a who_o not_o only_o neglect_v the_o necessary_a cause_n thereof_o god_n and_o all_o other_o man_n on_o who_o help_n and_o assistance_n his_o true_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a whole_o depend_v but_o also_o provoke_v they_o to_o his_o certain_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a way_n which_o can_v bring_v any_o man_n to_o the_o attain_v his_o own_o particular_a happiness_n but_o that_o which_o lead_v he_o also_o to_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o §_o 9_o but_o i_o here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v universal_a 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connexion_n between_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n which_o can_v be_v know_v in_o any_o other_o science_n and_o this_o i_o have_v likewise_o imitate_v in_o this_o treatise_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n by_o reduce_v all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o this_o one_o head_n or_o sum_n viz._n love_n or_o benevolence_n which_o idea_n i_o shall_v improve_v by_o inquire_v into_o its_o several_a kind_n and_o show_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a action_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a end_n seek_v for_o by_o we_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o our_o voluntary_a action_n alone_o can_v be_v govern_v by_o reason_n and_o those_o only_o which_o concern_v intelligent_a agent_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o moral_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o from_o none_o of_o all_o these_o action_n we_o can_v frame_v a_o high_a or_o more_o comprehensive_a idea_n than_o this_o of_o universal_a benevolence_n which_o comprehend_v the_o willing_a and_o endeavour_v of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o removal_n or_o hinder_v of_o all_o evil_a one_o from_o those_o object_n about_o which_o it_o be_v conversant_a and_o this_o benevolence_n extend_v its_o self_n to_o all_o moral_a action_n as_o well_o those_o of_o consider_v and_o compare_v divers_a good_n with_o each_o other_o as_o of_o inquire_v into_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v produce_v nor_o be_v it_o more_o certain_o true_a that_o the_o addition_n of_o several_a number_n make_v a_o sum_n total_a than_o that_o this_o benevolence_n produce_v a_o general_a good_a effect_n to_o all_o those_o towards_o who_o we_o exert_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o piety_n fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o conjugal_a affection_n together_o with_o filial_a duty_n make_v up_o the_o chief_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o benevolence_n as_o that_o addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n be_v several_a part_n of_o arithmetic_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o material_a objection_n that_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v prejudice_v or_o lessen_v by_o the_o wickedness_n or_o ill-nature_n of_o men._n so_o that_o the_o great_a end_n or_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v thereby_o general_o obtain_v as_o it_o ought_v any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o certainty_n or_o usefulness_n of_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n that_o some_o man_n shall_v through_o lazyness_n and_o inadvertency_n altogether_o neglect_v their_o rule_n or_o make_v false_a conclusion_n from_o those_o science_n or_o shall_v through_o ignorance_n or_o prejudice_n deny_v their_o certainty_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v in_o the_o science_n of_o morality_n as_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o employ_v in_o weigh_v and_o take_v a_o true_a account_n of_o those_o humane_a power_n that_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o since_o they_o may_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o possible_a case_n he_o may_v be_v say_v and_o that_o deserve_o to_o have_v well_o perform_v this_o task_n who_o first_o affirm_v in_o general_n that_o all_o those_o power_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o most_o general_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n though_o he_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o more_o particular_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o just_a division_n of_o thing_n fidelity_n gratitude_n and_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o it_o and_o also_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o become_v useful_a to_o this_o end_n by_o which_o mean_v religion_n and_o humane_a society_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v render_v man_n life_n happy_a and_o safe_a will_v be_v certain_o improve_v and_o advance_v and_o herein_o consist_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o most_o useful_a problem_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n procure_v by_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n which_o moral_a philosophy_n teach_v we_o to_o search_v after_o nor_o be_v the_o truth_n or_o authority_n of_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o prejudice_v or_o diminish_v though_o very_o many_o person_n will_v not_o obey_v they_o or_o will_v set_v themselves_o to_o oppose_v they_o since_o this_o only_a can_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o they_o will_v thereby_o lose_v their_o own_o happiness_n and_o perhaps_o may_v draw_v other_o by_o their_o false_a reason_n into_o the_o same_o misery_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o that_o man_n will_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o act_n that_o constitute_v this_o benevolence_n if_o they_o be_v but_o once_o convince_v that_o so_o great_a and_o noble_a a_o end_n as_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o their_o own_o happiness_n be_v likewise_o contain_v will_v be_v certain_o procure_v thereby_o and_o can_v be_v have_v by_o any_o other_o or_o contrary_a mean_n
all_o these_o difficulty_n a_o much_o easy_a way_n only_o by_o suppose_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o men._n but_o i_o must_v indeed_o confess_v myself_o not_o yet_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o be_v able_a thus_o easy_o to_o attain_v to_o so_o great_a a_o perfection_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o this_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n and_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o either_o safe_a or_o convenient_a to_o lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o natural_a religion_n and_o morality_n upon_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o have_v be_v explode_v by_o all_o philosopher_n except_o themselves_o and_o which_o can_v never_o alone_o serve_v to_o convince_v those_o of_o epicurean_a principle_n for_o who_o we_o chief_o design_v this_o work_n but_o whosoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v what_o have_v be_v write_v against_o these_o innate_a idea_n by_o the_o inquisitive_a and_o 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intellect_n from_o all_o eternity_n and_o therefore_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o more_o proper_a and_o necessary_a to_o begin_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o know_v and_o familiar_a to_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o prove_v that_o certain_a proposition_n of_o immutable_a truth_n prescribe_v our_o care_n of_o the_o happiness_n or_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a agent_n consider_v together_o be_v necessary_o imprint_v upon_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o which_o the_o first_o cause_n perpetual_o determine_v so_o to_o act_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o in_o the_o term_n of_o these_o proposition_n be_v intrinsical_o include_v a_o evident_a declaration_n of_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n in_o the_o very_a intrinsic_a constitution_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v be_v also_o manifest_a that_o such_o practical_a proposition_n be_v true_o and_o proper_o law_n as_o be_v declare_v and_o establish_v by_o due_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n but_o after_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o law_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o they_o be_v the_o high_a perfection_n or_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o our_o rational_a nature_n it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o a_o perfection_n analogous_fw-la to_o this_o knowledge_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o these_o law_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o proceed_v not_o only_o our_o own_o natural_a perfection_n but_o also_o the_o most_o wise_a ordination_n of_o all_o effect_n without_o we_o for_o the_o common_a conservation_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a natural_a system_n or_o universe_n which_o our_o eye_n daily_o behold_v for_o that_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o i_o among_o the_o thing_n most_o certain_o prove_v that_o it_o must_v be_v first_o know_v what_o justice_n be_v and_o what_o those_o law_n enjoin_v in_o who_o observation_n all_o justice_n consist_v before_o we_o can_v distinct_o know_v that_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o god_n and_o that_o his_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o as_o a_o pattern_n or_o example_n for_o we_o to_o imitate_v since_o we_o do_v not_o know_v god_n by_o a_o immediate_a intuition_n of_o his_o essence_n or_o perfection_n but_o only_o from_o the_o outward_a effect_n of_o his_o providence_n first_o know_v by_o our_o sense_n and_o experience_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o affix_v attribute_n to_o he_o which_o we_o can_v sufficient_o understand_v or_o make_v out_o from_o thing_n without_o we_o have_v now_o show_v you_o in_o general_a the_o difference_n between_o our_o method_n and_o that_o which_o other_o have_v hitherto_o follow_v it_o be_v fit_a we_o here_o declare_v in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o we_o can_v the_o chief_a head_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o this_o 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explication_n all_o the_o limit_n or_o exception_n under_o which_o the_o particular_a proposition_n be_v propose_v may_v be_v seek_v for_o and_o discover_v as_o from_o the_o evidence_n of_o that_o one_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o this_o or_o the_o like_a sense_n viz._n the_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n conduce_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o several_a part_n or_o member_n in_o which_o our_o own_o felicity_n be_v also_o contain_v as_o part_v thereof_o whereas_o the_o act_n opposite_a to_o this_o endeavour_n do_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o effect_n quite_o opposite_a thereunto_o and_o will_v certain_o procure_v our_o own_o ruin_n or_o misery_n at_o last_o therefore_o the_o whole_a sum_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o that_o which_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o
glad_a if_o any_o of_o mr._n h_n disciple_n can_v show_v we_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o that_o opinion_n §_o 17._o so_o that_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o natural_a mean_n of_o man_n happiness_n do_v appear_v so_o evident_a from_o our_o common_a reason_n and_o daily_a experience_n that_o they_o be_v of_o like_a certainty_n with_o the_o principle_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n in_o all_o who_o operation_n there_o be_v still_o suppose_v certain_a act_n depend_v upon_o our_o free_a humane_a faculty_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o these_o science_n be_v render_v the_o more_o uncertain_a from_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n whether_o they_o will_v draw_v line_n or_o cast_v up_o sum_n or_o not_o since_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o there_o be_v a_o inseparable_a connexion_n between_o such_o act_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o exert_v and_o all_o the_o effect_n seek_v for_o to_o the_o find_n of_o which_o both_o the_o pleasure_n annex_v to_o their_o contemplation_n and_o the_o various_a use_n of_o humane_a life_n do_v at_o once_o invite_v we_o and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n the_o truth_n of_o all_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v found_v in_o the_o immutable_a coherence_n between_o the_o high_a felicity_n which_o humane_a power_n can_v attain_v to_o with_o those_o act_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n that_o be_v of_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o man_n and_o which_o exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o particular_a moral_a virtue_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v still_o suppose_v that_o man_n desire_v and_o seek_v the_o high_a felicity_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o exercise_v this_o benevolence_n not_o only_o towards_o themselves_o but_o god_n and_o man_n as_o partaker_n with_o they_o of_o the_o same_o rational_a or_o intelligent_a nature_n this_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o prevent_v all_o those_o cavil_n which_o mr._n h_n disciple_n be_v use_v to_o make_v against_o morality_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o wi_n §_o 18._o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v what_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n that_o this_o truth_n concern_v the_o efficacy_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n as_o also_o all_o other_o proposition_n alike_o evident_a and_o contain_v under_o it_o do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o ordainer_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o of_o our_o humane_a understanding_n and_o of_o all_o truth_n therein_o contain_v and_o since_o these_o rule_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o procure_a god_n end_n and_o design_n viz._n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o also_o that_o it_o have_v please_v he_o to_o annex_v certain_a natural_a reward_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o punishment_n to_o their_o transgression_n so_o that_o they_o thereby_o become_v apt_a and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o due_a order_n of_o our_o thought_n and_o govern_v our_o action_n towards_o god_n ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v far_o make_v out_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o see_v nothing_o want_v to_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o under_o this_o general_a rule_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o universal_a benevolence_n be_v contain_v piety_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o high_a goodwill_n or_o charity_n towards_o man_n and_o be_v the_o sum_n both_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o moses_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ._n §_o 19_o these_o thing_n be_v thus_o propose_v in_o general_a i_o come_v now_o more_o particular_o to_o show_v that_o a_o due_a observation_n and_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a thing_n without_o we_o will_v true_o and_o clear_o teach_v we_o what_o operation_n or_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o and_o also_o show_v we_o how_o necessary_o and_o unalterable_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v produce_v for_o natural_a knowledge_n search_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o generation_n and_o corruption_n which_o daily_o happen_v to_o all_o natural_a body_n and_o especial_o to_o man_n and_o so_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o necessary_a coherence_n of_o these_o effect_n with_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o those_o cause_n that_o help_v to_o generate_v or_o preserve_v man_n and_o that_o make_v they_o live_v happy_o in_o this_o life_n be_v natural_a good_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o misery_n and_o dissolution_n be_v natural_a evil_n and_o it_o then_o as_o plain_o follow_v that_o by_o this_o knowledge_n we_o can_v as_o certain_o demonstrate_v and_o foretell_v what_o thing_n be_v natural_o good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o mankind_n as_o for_o any_o single_a person_n §_o 20._o therefore_o we_o may_v true_o conclude_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o these_o effect_n which_o either_o nature_n or_o humane_a industry_n can_v produce_v for_o man_n food_n clothe_v habitation_n and_o medicine_n be_v part_n of_o this_o natural_a knowledge_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o understanding_n of_o all_o other_o humane_a operation_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o use_v of_o humane_a life_n for_o although_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o man_n as_o they_o exert_v themselves_o towards_o thing_n without_o they_o do_v not_o work_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o mere_a mechanic_n motion_n viz._n from_o the_o pulsion_n or_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n but_o either_o from_o their_o reason_n or_o will_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o outward_a motion_n we_o exert_v receive_v their_o measure_n and_o force_n from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o humane_a body_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o and_o so_o must_v perform_v their_o natural_a function_n as_o they_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o natural_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o voluntary_a action_n whenever_o they_o be_v thus_o exert_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v how_o much_o man_n industry_n by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o body_n which_o a_o philosopher_n can_v easy_o resolve_v into_o mechanic_n one_o do_v contribute_v to_o their_o own_o and_o other_o man_n preservation_n by_o provide_v and_o administer_a victual_n clothes_n physic_n house_n etc._n etc._n in_o perform_v which_o effect_n man_n strength_n and_o skill_n in_o husbandry_n building_n navigation_n and_o other_o manual_a trade_n be_v chief_o employ_v nor_o be_v the_o liberal_a art_n absolute_o free_a from_o these_o law_n of_o motion_n since_o by_o the_o help_n of_o certain_a sensible_a sign_n and_o articulate_v note_n or_o mark_n as_o word_n letter_n or_o cipher_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n come_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o knowledge_n and_o direct_v in_o most_o of_o their_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n i_o have_v only_o think_v fit_a to_o hint_n thus_o much_o concern_v humane_a action_n consider_v as_o mere_a natural_a thing_n exist_v without_o we_o but_o i_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n §_o 21._o hence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o all_o these_o natural_a thing_n and_o the_o mutual_a help_n by_o which_o they_o be_v procure_v may_v be_v certain_o know_v and_o foresee_v by_o we_o to_o be_v natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o those_o contrary_a cause_n or_o motion_n by_o which_o man_n body_n be_v weaken_v or_o destroy_v by_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o the_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n such_o as_o food_n raiment_n liberty_n quiet_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o those_o action_n by_o which_o virtue_n and_o knowledge_n may_v be_v root_v out_o of_o man_n mind_n and_o error_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n introduce_v into_o their_o room_n be_v necessary_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n evil._n therefore_o when_o we_o determine_v of_o natural_a good_n or_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o preservation_n of_o a_o few_o particular_a person_n since_o the_o punishment_n nay_o death_n of_o these_o may_v often_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
and_o obvious_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o we_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o whence_o that_o right_o arise_v we_o have_v to_o they_o i_o come_v now_o to_o make_v the_o like_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v that_o we_o be_v design_v by_o god_n for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o other_o beside_o ourselves_o and_o that_o in_o the_o do_n of_o this_o we_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v likewise_o include_v to_o perform_v this_o task_n i_o shall_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o quality_n or_o property_n that_o belong_v to_o man_n 1_o as_o a_o mere_a natural_a body_n 2_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o animal_n 3_o such_o as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n endue_v with_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a principle_n than_o brute_n viz._n a_o immortal_a soul_n §_o 2._o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o a_o natural_a body_n he_o be_v endue_v with_o these_o property_n common_a to_o all_o other_o natural_a body_n first_o that_o all_o his_o motion_n in_o which_o his_o life_n strength_n and_o health_n consist_v do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o and_o original_a or_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o be_v necessary_o complicate_v with_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n among_o which_o the_o corporeal_a motion_n of_o other_o which_o do_v often_o limit_v and_o restrain_v our_o own_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o to_o be_v consider_v 2_o that_o from_o they_o as_o from_o other_o body_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v indefinite_o and_o which_o do_v not_o perish_v but_o concur_v with_o other_o motion_n to_o perpetuate_v the_o succession_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v contribute_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o as_o the_o former_a teach_v we_o that_o a_o particular_a end_n viz._n our_o own_o preservation_n depend_v upon_o our_o common_a or_o joint_a force_n or_o natural_a power_n so_o this_o latter_a instruct_v we_o that_o such_o power_n and_o motion_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v often_o most_o beneficial_a and_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n forbid_v we_o to_o hope_v for_o or_o endeavour_v our_o own_o private_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o excite_v we_o to_o seek_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o original_a of_o our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n the_o other_o conclusion_n show_v that_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a can_v never_o prove_v in_o vain_a or_o to_o no_o purpose_n since_o it_o concur_v with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o of_o all_o humane_a creature_n therein_o contain_v and_o far_o that_o in_o each_o complicate_v motion_n as_o well_o in_o that_o towards_o which_o divers_a cause_n concur_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o any_o body_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o also_o in_o that_o whereby_o each_o particular_a body_n concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n still_o observe_v whereby_o some_o motion_n be_v necessary_o determine_v by_o other_o in_o a_o continual_a series_n or_o succession_n all_o which_o be_v yet_o govern_v or_o overrule_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o although_o this_o sort_n of_o contemplation_n may_v seem_v remote_a from_o common_a use_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v contemn_v as_o altogether_o unprofitable_a in_o humane_a affair_n for_o it_o make_v we_o more_o distinct_o perceive_v from_o some_o certain_a general_a principle_n how_o necessary_a a_o constant_a and_o certain_a order_n be_v among_o those_o cause_n that_o act_n from_o corporeal_a force_n so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v each_o in_o their_o order_n successive_o concur_v to_o a_o effect_n foresee_v or_o design_v by_o we_o and_o far_o show_v we_o a_o rule_n how_o we_o may_v certain_o judge_v what_o cause_n do_v more_o or_o less_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v so_o that_o from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o these_o cause_n their_o order_n dignity_n or_o power_n in_o respect_n to_o each_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v and_o judge_v of_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o what_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v most_o esteem_v for_o those_o good_a effect_n they_o have_v or_o may_v produce_v as_o also_o which_o be_v most_o diligent_o to_o be_v seek_v for_o the_o obtain_v those_o end_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v also_o know_v that_o those_o cause_n which_o philosopher_n call_v universal_a viz._n god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n as_o proceed_v from_o he_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a or_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n a_o part_n of_o which_o we_o either_o always_o do_v actual_o or_o can_v hope_v to_o enjoy_v §_o 3._o but_o omit_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n to_o influence_n or_o alter_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o either_o our_o power_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v those_o voluntary_a humane_a motion_n proceed_v from_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o other_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o their_o common_a happiness_n and_o in_o which_o every_o one_o private_a good_n be_v include_v since_o from_o this_o source_n proceed_v all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o man_n innocence_n and_o fidelity_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v preserve_v as_o also_o by_o which_o humanity_n gratitude_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v exert_v and_o perform_v after_o as_o certain_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n bowel_n nerve_n and_o joint_n in_o a_o animal_n do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o judgement_n or_o determination_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n due_o consider_v shall_v without_o doubt_n cause_v we_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o contribute_v to_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n and_o may_v make_v we_o also_o diligent_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o want_v that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v not_o be_v render_v as_o happy_a as_o our_o frail_a nature_n in_o this_o will_v allow_v since_o right_a reason_n can_v propose_v no_o high_a or_o noble_a end_n than_o this_o of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n §_o 4._o yet_o whilst_o we_o compare_v the_o aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v act_n by_o corporeal_a force_n with_o the_o natural_a system_n of_o other_o body_n i_o be_o not_o unmindful_a of_o the_o manifest_a difference_n there_o be_v between_o they_o viz._n that_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o mere_a corporeal_a system_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o contiguity_n and_o immediate_a operation_n of_o body_n move_v upon_o other_o that_o be_v to_o be_v move_v by_o they_o without_o any_o sense_n deliberation_n or_o liberty_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o humane_a action_n in_o who_o motion_n and_o operation_n on_o each_o other_o though_o a_o great_a difference_n often_o intervene_v yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o corporeal_a power_n of_o man_n when_o exert_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o motion_n with_o other_o body_n and_o that_o divers_a man_n may_v often_o cooperate_v to_o one_o certain_a effect_n relate_v to_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v of_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o a_o subordination_n between_o humane_a motion_n as_o there_o be_v between_o those_o of_o other_o body_n and_o i_o must_v here_o far_o take_v notice_n that_o man_n have_v frequent_a opportunity_n of_o meet_v together_o and_o also_o many_o other_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v hurt_v or_o help_v each_o other_o by_o word_n write_v or_o other_o action_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o entire_a system_fw-la of_o body_n consist_v of_o several_a particular_a part_n so_o that_o nothing_o almost_o can_v be_v do_v in_o relation_n to_o any_o man_n life_n family_n or_o fortune_n which_o do_v
therein_o contain_v as_o far_o as_o consist_v with_o that_o frail_a and_o mortal_a state_n wherein_o he_o have_v create_v they_o this_o proposition_n have_v already_o be_v make_v out_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o preservation_n and_o continuance_n of_o all_o the_o species_n of_o creature_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n as_o one_o of_o they_o do_v whole_o depend_v upon_o god_n providence_n and_o as_o for_o the_o individual_n or_o particular_a person_n since_o god_n knowledge_n be_v infinite_a and_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o least_o thing_n and_o also_o that_o of_o these_o particular_n each_o species_n of_o creature_n be_v make_v up_o and_o consist_v it_o be_v likewise_o as_o evident_a that_o god_n design_n their_o good_a and_o preservation_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a kind_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o prefer_v the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a species_n before_o that_o of_o the_o individual_n 2._o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o all_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n shall_v be_v make_v conscious_a of_o this_o his_o intention_n of_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v operate_v as_o his_o subordinate_a mean_n or_o instrument_n towards_o this_o great_a end_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v thus_o 1._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n have_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o themselves_o 2_o that_o this_o notion_n or_o idea_n when_o true_o pursue_v will_v at_o last_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o mankind_n for_o it_o can_v never_o stop_v short_a of_o it_o as_o long_o as_o it_o may_v still_o proceed_v far_o and_o find_v new_a and_o fit_a object_n to_o work_v on_o every_o individual_a member_n of_o mankind_n make_v a_o part_n of_o this_o universal_a idea_n 3._o that_o this_o notion_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v not_o only_o possible_a to_o be_v perform_v but_o be_v also_o high_o rational_a and_o the_o great_a and_o noble_a end_n we_o can_v imagine_v or_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o as_o comprehend_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v also_o true_a i._n e._n agreeable_a with_o the_o divine_a intellect_n which_o i_o thus_o make_v out_o these_o ground_n be_v suppose_v §_o 4._o first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o the_o truth_n our_o mind_n be_v endue_v with_o or_o capable_a of_o be_v from_o god_n since_o whatever_o perfection_n be_v find_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v first_o more_o eminent_o in_o its_o cause_n therefore_o if_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n be_v a_o perfection_n as_o doubtless_o it_o be_v it_o must_v be_v much_o more_o so_o in_o god_n the_o original_a cause_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o high_a good_a we_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v it_o be_v a_o clear_a and_o perfect_a though_o complext_v idea_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a agent_n it_o must_v be_v true_a and_o consequent_o from_o god_n and_o the_o divine_a intellect_n do_v as_o certain_o agree_v with_o our_o idea_n concern_v it_o as_o it_o do_v when_o we_o judge_v that_o the_o base_a of_o a_o equilateral_a triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o either_o of_o the_o crura_fw-la or_o leg_n therefore_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v true_a and_o that_o it_o be_v also_o certain_a that_o all_o truth_n be_v from_o god_n as_o likewise_o that_o he_o have_v make_v we_o true_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o will_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o act_v as_o rational_a agent_n conscious_a of_o this_o his_o great_a design_n §_o 5._o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n viz._n that_o god_n will_v have_v we_o operate_v as_o his_o instrument_n to_o this_o end_n will_v be_v likewise_o as_o clear_v when_o you_o consider_v what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o god_n who_o have_v make_v nothing_o in_o vain_a will_v not_o have_v endue_v we_o with_o a_o idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o great_a end_n we_o can_v propose_v ourselves_o for_o mere_a speculation_n but_o rather_o for_o some_o practical_a end_n in_o order_n to_o our_o own_o good_a and_o happiness_n with_o that_o of_o other_o especial_o since_o god_n have_v place_v it_o so_o much_o in_o our_o power_n to_o promote_v and_o procure_v this_o common_a good_a since_o as_o far_o as_o we_o endeavour_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o particular_a person_n we_o do_v so_o far_o contribute_v our_o share_n to_o that_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o one_o aggregate_v body_n thus_o whatsoever_o do_v good_a to_o any_o one_o member_n do_v so_o far_o benefit_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o a_o aggregate_v body_n consist_v of_o divers_a distinct_a member_n consist_v in_o that_o of_o each_o of_o its_o part_n so_o then_o if_o god_n intend_v the_o end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o design_v likewise_o the_o mean_n to_o produce_v it_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o better_a mean_n or_o fit_a instrument_n for_o this_o end_n than_o the_o joint_a endeavour_n of_o all_o man_n express_v by_o all_o the_o act_n of_o benevolence_n and_o kindness_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o it_o be_v certain_a as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o man_n can_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o hurt_a or_o benefit_n of_o each_o other_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n put_v together_o therefore_o as_o god_n have_v design_v the_o end_n and_o ordain_v sufficient_a mean_n to_o produce_v it_o viz._n man_n kind_n and_o benevolent_a action_n so_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a that_o he_o will_v make_v use_n of_o man_n as_o the_o necessary_a mean_n for_o this_o end_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o have_v ordain_v we_o to_o operate_v not_o only_o as_o mechanic_n cause_n but_o rather_o as_o free_v and_o voluntary_a agent_n to_o produce_v it_o that_o be_v as_o true_a subject_n to_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n 24._o thus_o by_o the_o same_o step_n that_o we_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n the_o supreme_a be_v we_o be_v likewise_o bring_v to_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o this_o his_o great_a design_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o if_o from_o all_o the_o wonderful_a observation_n and_o curious_a contrivance_n observe_v in_o this_o last_o chapter_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o mankind_n we_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_v by_o a_o most_o wise_a intelligent_a be_v towards_o this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o very_a same_o appearance_n that_o discover_v these_o thing_n must_v likewise_o declare_v his_o intention_n of_o make_v use_n of_o we_o man_n as_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 7._o the_o last_o proposition_n for_o the_o prove_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v true_a be_v this_o that_o god_n have_v make_v this_o discovery_n of_o his_o will_n unto_o we_o we_o thereupon_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n of_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o prove_v which_o i_o first_o suppose_v that_o obligation_n to_o a_o action_n enjoin_v by_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v the_o necessary_a and_o constant_a effect_n thereof_o upon_o every_o person_n subject_n to_o it_o and_o that_o this_o immediate_o result_v from_o its_o own_o nature_n this_o law_n be_v always_o just_a and_o right_o as_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n be_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v so_o that_o i_o understand_v obligation_n to_o active_a obedience_n to_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o this_o law_n yet_o that_o it_o primary_o flow_v from_o that_o will_n of_o god_n which_o ordain_v this_o law_n and_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n subject_a to_o it_o as_o heat_n in_o we_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n or_o action_n of_o fire_n upon_o we_o but_o original_o both_o the_o fire_n and_o heat_n be_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n now_o there_o be_v no_o legal_a liberty_n leave_v we_o in_o the_o case_n of_o natural_a law_n to_o choose_v whether_o we_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o the_o action_n therein_o command_v or_o rather_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o punishment_n attend_v the_o violation_n thereof_o and_o although_o our_o natural_a liberty_n of_o will_n be_v not_o destroy_v thereby_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o right_n leave_v we_o to_o determine_v ourselves_o otherwise_o than_o natural_a law_n direct_v because_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o rectitude_n be_v comprehend_v
of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n above_o all_o other_o knowledge_n whether_o natural_a or_o civil_a and_o that_o deserve_o as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o usefulness_n as_o certainty_n since_o it_o be_v to_o that_o alone_a as_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n that_o man_n before_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o divine_a revelation_n owe_v the_o discovery_n of_o their_o natural_a duty_n to_o god_n themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o cicero_n have_v show_v we_o at_o large_a in_o those_o three_o excellent_a treatise_n de_fw-fr officiis_n de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la and_o though_o i_o grant_v we_o christian_n have_v now_o clear_a and_o high_a discovery_n of_o all_o moral_a duty_n by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n yet_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a religion_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n still_o of_o great_a use_n to_o we_o as_o well_o for_o the_o confirmation_n as_o illustration_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n since_o by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o the_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v we_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o god_n require_v nothing_o from_o we_o in_o all_o the_o practical_a duty_n of_o reveal_v religion_n but_o our_o reasonable_a service_n that_o be_v what_o be_v real_o our_o own_o interest_n and_o concern_v our_o good_a and_o happiness_n to_o observe_v as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a rule_n of_o life_n whether_o god_n have_v ever_o far_o enforce_v they_o or_o not_o by_o any_o reveal_v law_n and_o though_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v that_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n have_v high_o advance_v and_o improve_v these_o natural_a law_n by_o more_o excellent_a and_o refine_a precept_n of_o humility_n charity_n and_o self-denial_n than_o be_v discover_v before_o by_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o great_a assurance_n we_o have_v of_o that_o grand_a motive_n to_o religion_n and_o virtue_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n or_o a_o life_n either_o eternal_o happy_a or_o miserable_a when_o this_o be_v end_v yet_o certain_o it_o be_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n alone_o by_o which_o mankind_n be_v not_o only_o to_o live_v but_o also_o to_o be_v judge_v before_o the_o law_n give_v to_o moses_n and_o it_o must_v be_v for_o not_o live_v up_o to_o this_o natural_a light_n that_o the_o heathen_n shall_v be_v condemn_v who_o never_o yet_o hear_v of_o christ_n or_o of_o a_o reveal_v religion_n and_o so_o can_v as_o st._n paul_n express_o declare_v to_o the_o roman_n believe_v on_o he_o of_o who_o they_o have_v not_o hear_v rom._n 10.14_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o apostle_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o epistle_n appeal_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n from_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v see_v that_o be_v the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a religion_n and_o their_o fall_a notwithstanding_o this_o knowledge_n into_o that_o gross_a idolatry_n they_o profess_v as_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o god_n give_v they_o up_o to_o their_o own_o heart_n lust_n because_o that_o when_o they_o know_v god_n they_o glorify_v he_o not_o as_o god_n neither_o be_v thankful_a but_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n and_o their_o foolish_a heart_n be_v darken_v five_o 21._o and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n the_o apostle_n far_o tell_v they_o that_o when_o the_o gentile_n who_o have_v not_o the_o law_n do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o law_n these_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v a_o law_n unto_o themselves_o show_v the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n that_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n as_o the_o main_a substance_n or_o effect_n of_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o this_o law_n alone_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_v mark_v what_o immediate_o follow_v their_o conscience_n bear_v witness_n and_o their_o own_o thought_n or_o reason_v as_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v render_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n accuse_v or_o excuse_v each_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o apostle_n suppose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o rewarder_n of_o good_a work_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o reveal_v religion_n and_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o save_a faith_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n chap._n 11._o v._n 6._o but_o without_o faith_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o please_v he_o for_o he_o that_o come_v unto_o god_n must_v first_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o rewarder_n of_o all_o they_o that_o diligent_o seek_v he_o but_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o natural_a religion_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o reveal_v since_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n wilkins_n late_a bishop_n of_o chester_n have_v so_o well_o perform_v that_o noble_a undertake_n in_o that_o excellent_a posthumous_n treatise_n publish_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n tillotson_n now_o lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o which_o nothing_o needs_o to_o be_v add_v by_o so_o mean_v a_o pen_n as_o i_o but_o since_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o derive_v from_o god_n the_o legislator_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o true_a politic_n as_o be_v those_o which_o be_v appeal_v to_o in_o all_o controversy_n between_o civil_a sovereign_n and_o also_o be_v the_o main_a rule_n of_o those_o mutual_a duty_n between_o sovereign_n and_o their_o subject_n it_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v how_o these_o law_n may_v be_v discover_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n now_o whereas_o this_o can_v only_o be_v do_v by_o one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n viz._n either_o from_o the_o certain_a and_o manifest_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o proceed_v from_o their_o observation_n or_o two_o from_o the_o cause_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v be_v already_o large_o treat_v of_o by_o other_o especial_o by_o the_o most_o learned_a hugo_n grotius_n in_o his_o admirable_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la and_o by_o his_o brother_n william_n in_o that_o small_a posthumous_n treatise_n de_fw-fr principiis_fw-la juris_fw-la naturalis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o judicious_a mounseur_fw-fr puffendorf_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la as_o also_o by_o our_o own_o countryman_n dr._n sharrock_n who_o have_v all_o undertake_v to_o prove_v their_o certainty_n from_o their_o general_a belief_n and_o reception_n by_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o civilise_a nation_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n in_o that_o most_o elaborate_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la juxta_fw-la placita_fw-la hebraeorum_n and_o as_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o those_o great_a man_n have_v all_o deserve_v very_o well_o in_o their_o way_n so_o i_o think_v none_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n than_o that_o excellent_a work_n of_o grotius_n the_o elder_a which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o its_o kind_n so_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o endure_v as_o long_o as_o virtue_n and_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o esteem_n among_o mankind_n and_o though_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v against_o this_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o to_o render_v it_o altogether_o fallacious_a or_o useless_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v yet_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v they_o can_v chief_o serve_v to_o convince_v man_n of_o sincere_a and_o honest_a mind_n and_o who_o be_v natural_o dispose_v to_o virtue_n and_o right_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v more_o useful_a as_o well_o as_o certain_a to_o seek_v for_o a_o firm_a and_o clear_a demonstration_n thereof_o from_o a_o strict_a search_n and_o inquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o self_n by_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o may_v attain_v not_o only_o to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o of_o that_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v all_o derive_v but_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o narrow_a bound_n of_o a_o preface_n to_o propose_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v against_o their_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o perhaps_o can_v it_o be_v do_v at_o all_o to_o the_o universal_a satisfaction_n even_o of_o indifferent_a person_n since_o it_o may_v be_v still_o urge_v by_o those_o that_o do_v not_o admit_v they_o that_o although_o some_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n may_v be_v indeed_o approve_v of_o by_o our_o understand_n and_o
be_v common_o receive_v and_o practise_v by_o most_o nation_n for_o their_o general_a usefulness_n and_o conveniency_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v still_o require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n by_o who_o authority_n alone_o they_o can_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n the_o proof_n of_o which_o though_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o the_o question_n have_v be_v hitherto_o omit_v or_o but_o slight_o touch_v by_o former_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o beside_o the_o objection_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v also_o argue_v against_o this_o method_n though_o upon_o divers_a principle_n and_o from_o different_a design_n the_o latter_a intend_v that_o no_o body_n shall_v receive_v these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o obligatory_a to_o outward_a action_n before_o a_o supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v institute_v who_o shall_v ordain_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o law_n and_o though_o he_o sometime_o vouchsafe_v they_o that_o title_n yet_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 14._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n they_o be_v but_o improper_o call_v so_o and_o that_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v find_v large_o describe_v in_o the_o write_n of_o philosopher_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o for_o this_o cause_n to_o be_v call_v law_n any_o more_o than_o the_o write_n or_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n be_v law_n till_o confirm_v and_o make_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a power_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n mr._n selden_n more_o fair_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o want_n of_o authority_n in_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n consider_v only_o as_o such_o that_o he_o may_v from_o hence_o show_v we_o a_o necessity_n of_o recur_v to_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o god_n and_o that_o he_o may_v thereby_o make_v out_o that_o those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n do_v only_o acquire_v the_o force_n of_o law_n because_o all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o god_n alone_o who_o when_o he_o make_v these_o rule_n know_v to_o we_o do_v then_o and_o not_o before_o promulgate_v they_o to_o we_o as_o law_n and_o so_o far_o i_o think_v he_o be_v in_o the_o right_n and_o have_v well_o enough_o correct_v our_o common_a moralist_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o consider_v these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o law_n without_o any_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o they_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n require_v to_o make_v they_o so_o viz._n that_o they_o be_v establish_v and_o declare_v to_o we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n who_o have_v annex_v to_o they_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o these_o rational_a dictate_v can_n by_o any_o mean_n be_v prove_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n as_o rule_n for_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n they_o will_v not_o need_v any_o humane_a authority_n much_o less_o the_o consent_n or_o tradition_n of_o any_o one_o or_o many_o nation_n to_o make_v they_o know_v to_o be_v so_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o learned_a author_n have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o prove_v from_o divers_a general_a tradition_n of_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n that_o god_n give_v certain_a command_n to_o adam_n and_o after_o to_o noah_n contain_v in_o these_o seven_o precept_n call_v by_o his_o name_n and_o that_o those_o various_a quotation_n this_o learned_a author_n have_v there_o produce_v do_v clear_o prove_v that_o the_o jew_n believe_v that_o all_o nation_n whatever_o although_o they_o do_v not_o receive_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n yet_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v the_o same_o moral_a law_n which_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v all_o contain_v under_o the_o precept_n above_o mention_v and_o though_o this_o work_n be_v indeed_o most_o learned_o and_o judicious_o perform_v and_o may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n in_o christian_a theology_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o still_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n concern_v man_n ignorance_n or_o want_v of_o discovery_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n for_o although_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o those_o tradition_n they_o call_v the_o precept_n of_o noah_n shall_v be_v never_o so_o general_o or_o firm_o believe_v by_o the_o whole_a jewish_a nation_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o therefore_o make_v know_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o of_o not_o eat_v any_o part_n or_o member_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v just_o deride_v and_o receive_v with_o scorn_n by_o all_o other_o nation_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o unwritten_a tradition_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n can_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o sufficient_a promulgation_n make_v by_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n of_o those_o law_n or_o precept_n therein_o contain_v and_o that_o all_o nation_n who_o perhaps_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o adam_n or_o noah_n shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o not_o live_v according_o to_o they_o especial_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o these_o latter_a age_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n begin_v to_o commit_v these_o tradition_n to_o write_v and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o ancient_a jew_n know_v nothing_o of_o they_o since_o neither_o josephus_n nor_o philo_n judaeus_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o these_o precept_n in_o their_o write_n therefore_o that_o the_o divine_a authority_n of_o those_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n or_o rule_n of_o life_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v more_o evident_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o all_o consider_v man_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o best_a and_o fit_a method_n to_o inquire_v first_o into_o their_o natural_a cause_n as_o well_o internal_a as_o external_a remote_a as_o near_o since_o by_o this_o series_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n we_o may_v at_o last_o be_v more_o easy_o bring_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n their_o first_o cause_n from_o who_o intrinsic_a perfection_n and_o extrinsic_a sanction_n by_o fit_a reward_n and_o due_a punishment_n we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o as_o well_o their_o authority_n as_o promulgation_n be_v derive_v i_o know_v indeed_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o former_a writer_n have_v be_v content_a to_o suppose_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o all_o act_n conformable_a thereunto_o be_v teach_v we_o by_o nature_n or_o at_o most_o do_v only_o affirm_v in_o general_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n without_o show_v we_o which_o way_n or_o the_o manner_n how_o therefore_o it_o seem_v high_o necessary_a to_o we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v more_o exact_o how_o the_o force_n of_o object_n from_o without_o and_o of_o our_o own_o notion_n or_o idea_n from_o within_o we_o do_v both_o concur_v towards_o the_o imprint_n and_o fix_v these_o principle_n in_o our_o mind_n as_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n himself_o which_o work_n if_o it_o be_v well_o perform_v we_o hope_v may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o to_o our_o own_o nation_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n because_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v appear_v both_o by_o what_o mean_n man_n understand_n may_v attain_v to_o a_o true_a and_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n or_o law_n of_o god_n so_o that_o if_o they_o practise_v they_o not_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o excuse_n and_o this_o principle_n will_v likewise_o serve_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n by_o which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v try_v whether_o they_o be_v just_o and_o right_o or_o not_o that_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o may_v be_v correct_v and_o amend_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n whenever_o they_o have_v deviate_v from_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_n and_o from_o hence_o may_v also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o man_n nature_n which_o administer_v present_a comfort_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o our_o mind_n from_o good_a action_n as_o also_o firm_a hope_n or_o presage_v of_o a_o future_a happiness_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o they_o when_o this_o life_n be_v end_v whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o great_a misery_n and_o most_o dismal_a fear_n do_v proceed_v from_o wicked_a or_o evil_a action_n from_o whence_o the_o conscience_n seem_v furnish_v as_o it_o be_v with_o whip_n and_o scorpion_n to_o correct_v and_o punish_v all_o vice_n and_o improbity_n so_o that_o it_o may_v from_o hence_o appear_v that_o man_n be_v not_o delude_v in_o their_o moral_a notion_n either_o by_o clergyman_n or_o politician_n i_o grant_v the_o platonist_n undertake_v to_o dispatch_v
be_v the_o same_o infinite_a good_a and_o wise_a disposer_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o this_o our_o benevolence_n by_o give_v he_o glory_n love_n reverence_n and_o obedience_n fulfil_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o humanity_n towards_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n which_o answer_v both_o the_o table_n of_o the_o moral_a or_o natural_a law_n and_o in_o this_o consent_n of_o our_o mind_n with_o the_o divine_a intellect_n consist_v that_o complete_a harmony_n of_o the_o universe_n of_o intellectual_a being_n the_o great_a influence_n of_o these_o principle_n upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o natural_a religion_n may_v be_v more_o full_o express_v and_o make_v out_o by_o these_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o the_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n and_o consent_n of_o our_o mind_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o action_n include_v the_o agreement_n and_o concurrence_n of_o our_o chief_a faculty_n viz._n the_o understanding_n and_o will_v therewith_o and_o moreover_o natural_o excite_v all_o our_o affection_n to_o comply_v with_o they_o and_o so_o strong_o dispose_v we_o in_o our_o future_a life_n and_o action_n to_o compose_v ourselves_o to_o the_o imitation_n thereof_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o ability_n particular_o these_o principle_n natural_o produce_v in_o we_o first_o praise_n and_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n private_a and_o public_a for_o good_n already_o do_v to_o ourselves_o or_o other_o wherein_o the_o essence_n of_o prayer_n be_v contain_v 2._o hence_o also_o arise_v hope_n affiance_n or_o trust_v in_o god_n which_o i_o willing_o acknowledge_v be_v full_a of_o assurance_n when_o found_v not_o only_o on_o observation_n or_o past_a experience_n of_o providence_n but_o have_v also_o reveal_v promise_n annex_v relate_v to_o future_a good_n 3._o to_o conclude_v when_o our_o acknowledgement_n and_o high_a esteem_n of_o the_o divine_a attribute_n move_v we_o to_o the_o imitation_n thereof_o we_o must_v needs_o thereby_o arise_v to_o those_o high_a degree_n of_o charity_n or_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o great_a public_a good_a which_o we_o observe_v in_o god_n to_o prosecute_v and_o such_o charity_n import_v not_o only_o exact_a justice_n to_o all_o but_o that_o overflow_a bounty_n tenderness_n and_o sympathy_n with_o other_o beyond_o which_o humane_a nature_n can_v arrive_v because_o these_o not_o only_o harmonious_o consent_v with_o the_o like_a perfection_n in_o god_n but_o also_o cooperate_v with_o he_o to_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o finite_a part_n of_o the_o rational_a system_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o infinite_a yet_o sympathize_v head_n who_o declare_v he_o take_v all_o that_o be_v do_v to_o the_o member_n of_o this_o intellectual_a society_n as_o do_v to_o himself_o nevertheless_o i_o profess_v myself_o to_o understand_v this_o sympathy_n or_o compassion_n in_o god_n in_o such_o a_o sense_n only_o as_o it_o be_v understand_v in_o holy_a writ_n for_o that_o infinite_a concern_v for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o best_a creature_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o his_o infinite_a goodness_n and_o be_v a_o real_a perfection_n of_o his_o nature_n not_o imply_v any_o mistake_n of_o other_o for_o himself_o nor_o any_o capacity_n of_o be_v lessen_v or_o hurt_v by_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n malice_n but_o yet_o full_o answer_v nay_o infinite_o exceed_v that_o solicitous_a care_n and_o concern_v for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o which_o charity_n and_o compassion_n work_v in_o the_o best_a of_o man_n in_o short_a if_o the_o reader_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v the_o three_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o discourse_n he_o will_v find_v that_o we_o have_v in_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o only_o give_v a_o bare_a interpretation_n of_o word_n but_o also_o have_v propose_v the_o true_a notion_n and_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o purpose_n and_o may_v observe_v that_o by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o labour_n we_o have_v direct_o and_o immediate_o explain_v the_o power_n and_o necessity_n of_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o be_v require_v to_o the_o common_a happiness_n of_o all_o man_n and_o also_o to_o the_o private_a good_a and_o necessity_n of_o particular_a person_n although_o it_o seem_v most_o convenient_a to_o use_v such_o general_a word_n which_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o divine_a majesty_n and_o to_o have_v do_v it_o with_o that_o design_n that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o analogy_n thus_o suppose_v not_o only_o our_o obligation_n to_o piety_n and_o virtue_n but_o also_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a justice_n and_o dominion_n may_v be_v from_o hence_o better_o understand_v but_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o form_n of_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v whole_o practical_a as_o that_o which_o determine_v concern_v the_o certain_a effect_n of_o humane_a action_n but_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o although_o the_o word_n conduce_v or_o render_v in_o either_o of_o these_o proposition_n be_v put_v in_o the_o present_a tense_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o any_o time_n present_a but_o abstract_n from_o it_o and_o because_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o depend_v upon_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o the_o part_n it_o be_v as_o plain_o true_a of_o all_o future_a time_n and_o be_v as_o often_o use_v by_o we_o in_o this_o discourse_n with_o respect_n to_o future_a as_o well_o as_o present_a action_n and_o therefore_o this_o proposition_n be_v more_o fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n because_o build_v upon_o no_o particular_a hypothesis_n for_o it_o do_v not_o suppose_v man_n bear_v in_o a_o civil_a state_n nor_o yet_o out_o of_o it_o neither_o see_v any_o kindred_n or_o relation_n to_o be_v among_o man_n as_o derive_v from_o the_o same_o common_a parent_n as_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n since_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o those_o who_o do_v not_o yet_o acknowledge_v they_o neither_o on_o the_o other_o side_n do_v it_o suppose_v as_o mr._n h._n do_v in_o his_o the_o cive_z a_o great_a many_o man_n already_o grow_v and_o spring_v up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n like_o mushroom_n but_o our_o proposition_n and_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v deduce_v from_o it_o may_v have_v be_v understand_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o first_o parent_n of_o mankind_n if_o they_o have_v only_o consider_v themselves_o together_o with_o god_n and_o their_o posterity_n which_o be_v to_o come_v into_o the_o world_n neither_o may_v it_o less_o easy_o be_v understand_v and_o admit_v by_o those_o nation_n which_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v of_o adam_n and_o eve_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v concern_v the_o sense_n of_o this_o proposition_n that_o in_o the_o same_o word_n in_o which_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a and_o best_a effect_n be_v lay_v down_o there_o be_v also_o deliver_v in_o short_a the_o mean_n to_o the_o chief_a end_n because_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o rational_a agent_n after_o it_o be_v conceive_v in_o its_o mind_n and_o that_o it_o have_v determine_v to_o bestow_v its_o endeavour_n in_o produce_v it_o be_v call_v the_o end_n and_o the_o act_n or_o cause_n by_o which_o it_o endeavour_v to_o effect_v it_o be_v call_v the_o mean_n and_o from_o this_o observation_n may_v be_v show_v a_o true_a method_n of_o reduce_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o moral_a philosopher_n have_v speak_v about_o the_o mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n into_o natural_a theorem_n concern_v the_o power_n of_o humane_a action_n in_o produce_v such_o effect_n and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o may_v more_o easy_o be_v examine_v whether_o they_o be_v true_a or_o not_o and_o may_v be_v more_o evident_o demonstrate_v so_o to_o be_v and_o also_o we_o may_v hence_o learn_v by_o the_o like_a reason_n how_o easy_o all_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o force_n of_o those_o natural_a cause_n which_o we_o may_v any_o way_n apply_v to_o our_o use_n do_v suggest_v fit_a medium_n for_o the_o attain_n of_o the_o end_n intend_v and_o so_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o practise_v according_a to_o occasion_n last_o from_o thence_o it_o appear_v that_o either_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o we_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o do_v so_o far_o approach_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o law_n as_o they_o respect_v a_o end_n true_o worthy_a of_o it_o viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n or_o else_o if_o you_o please_v to_o word_n it_o otherwise_o the_o honour_n or_o worship_n of_o god_n conjoin_v with_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o though_o it_o do_v not_o yet_o appear_v that_o this_o proposition_n be_v a_o law_n because_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v not_o yet_o mention_v nevertheless_o i_o doubt_v
their_o nature_n §_o 11._o all_o creature_n express_v a_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n some_o case_n or_o interval_n wherein_o nature_n seem_v to_o act_v otherwise_o no_o contradiction_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n §_o 12._o all_o animal_n impel_v by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o part_n to_o a_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o to_o a_o natural_a affection_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 13._o all_o animal_n take_v delight_n in_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n joy_n desire_v etc._n etc._n as_o helpful_a to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a passion_n when_o inordinate_a be_v high_o destructive_a to_o it_o §_o 14._o mr._n h._n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n and_o therefore_o be_v force_v to_o suppose_v somewhat_o in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o more_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 15._o other_o peculiar_a observation_n relate_v to_o man_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a as_o first_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o brain_n in_o man_n than_o in_o brute_n §_o 16._o 2._o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n from_o whence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n and_o of_o a_o more_o constant_a and_o last_a love_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 17._o 3._o from_o the_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o man_n hand_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o this_o instrument_n be_v give_v we_o for_o some_o more_o noble_a use_n than_o bare_a self-preservation_n §_o 18._o last_o from_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o man_n body_n and_o way_n of_o motion_n §_o 19_o the_o next_o set_v of_o observation_n tend_v to_o prove_v man_n more_o fit_v for_o the_o promote_a of_o this_o common_a good_a be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a and_o peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n soul_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n and_o 1._o from_o that_o of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n and_o vice_n versa_fw-la especial_o in_o that_o of_o distinguish_v of_o real_a or_o natural_a from_o apparent_a good_n §_o 20._o what_o be_v understand_v by_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a or_o moral_a good_a or_o evil._n certain_a axiom_n for_o the_o plain_a understanding_n their_o nature_n and_o degree_n §_o 21._o how_o we_o arrive_v to_o a_o idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n and_o also_o to_o a_o notion_n of_o the_o general_a or_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 22._o speech_n and_o the_o invention_n of_o letter_n peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n nature_n §_o 23._o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n arise_v from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 24._o man_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v beast_n in_o their_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o also_o in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o number_n §_o 25._o as_o also_o in_o the_o power_n of_o understanding_n the_o different_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n between_o body_n which_o we_o call_v geometry_n §_o 26._o the_o two_o great_a remain_a prerogative_n of_o humane_a soul_n freedom_n of_o will_n as_o to_o moral_a action_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n §_o 27_o 28._o what_o knowledge_n we_o can_v have_v of_o his_o attribute_n which_o can_v never_o be_v true_o understand_v but_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o great_a end_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n §_o 29._o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n and_o a_o sum_n up_o all_o those_o observation_n into_o a_o general_a proposition_n of_o god_n willing_a and_o command_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 1._o a_o brief_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n of_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o law_n §_o 2._o that_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o duty_n as_o declare_v by_o god_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a certain_a principle_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o prove_v it_o §_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o that_o this_o be_v once_o discover_v to_o we_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o proposition_n as_o a_o natural_a law_n with_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o term_n obligation_n and_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o oblige_v we_o §_o 7_o 8_o 9_o yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n may_v well_o consist_v with_o the_o freedom_n of_o our_o will_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o mere_a animal_n and_o a_o rational_a or_o natural_a good_a the_o neglect_n of_o which_o distinction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o epicurus_n and_o mr._n h_n error_n §_o 10._o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o obligation_n to_o this_o law_n viz._n its_o sanction_n by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n certain_a axiom_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o of_o man_n true_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n with_o its_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o other_o being_n §_o 11._o that_o though_o all_o moral_a obligation_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o reward_n or_o punishment_n yet_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v insignificant_a without_o they_o with_o a_o scale_n of_o nature_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o vegetable_n and_o inanimate_a body_n and_o between_o man_n and_o brute_n §_o 12._o the_o strict_a sanction_n and_o consequent_o obligation_n to_o all_o law_n consist_v in_o reward_n and_o punishment_n due_o distribute_v god_n right_a of_o dominion_n not_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o his_o irresistible_a power_n §_o 13._o the_o internal_a reward_n ordain_v by_o god_n in_o nature_n be_v first_o the_o inward_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o also_o the_o pleasure_n all_o man_n take_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n etc._n etc._n §_o 14_o 15._o the_o external_a reward_n be_v all_o the_o like_a return_n of_o this_o benevolence_n from_o other_o with_o the_o praise_n or_o commendation_n of_o all_o good_a man_n together_o with_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n §_o 16_o 17._o last_o from_o god_n soundness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o all_o those_o outward_a blessing_n he_o usual_o bestow_v on_o the_o peaceable_a and_o virtuous_a with_o a_o solution_n to_o the_o difficulty_n why_o god_n often_o afflict_v good_a man_n §_o 18._o the_o internal_a punishment_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o absence_n or_o privation_n of_o the_o former_a good_a thing_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a and_o a_o punishment_n §_o 19_o error_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o passion_n a_o real_a evil_n and_o a_o internal_a punishment_n §_o 20._o 3._o that_o such_o evil_a action_n can_v but_o be_v often_o displease_v to_o the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o §_o 21._o 4._o that_o vice_n and_o crime_n seldom_o come_v alone_o but_o let_v in_o a_o train_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n or_o worse_o along_o with_o they_o §_o 22._o 5._o that_o such_o a_o offender_n can_v get_v out_o of_o this_o state_n when_o he_o will_v at_o least_o not_o without_o the_o trouble_n of_o repentance_n §_o 23._o 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n both_o from_o god_n and_o man_n §_o 24._o the_o external_a punishment_n be_v 1._o the_o evil_n that_fw-mi happen_v to_o the_o body_n from_o violent_a and_o unsociable_a passion_n §_o 25._o the_o second_o those_o return_n of_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n which_o all_o such_o man_n must_v expect_v from_o other_o §_o 26._o the_o 3d._n return_v of_o revenge_n from_o those_o they_o have_v injure_v §_o 27._o last_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v often_o inflict_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n all_o which_o natural_a punishment_n mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n §_o 28._o that_o where_o these_o punishment_n fail_v in_o this_o life_n they_o will_v be_v supply_v by_o other_o infinite_o more_o grievous_a and_o durable_a in_o that_o to_o come_v §_o 29._o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o this_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n be_v true_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n requisite_a thereunto_o §_o 30._o the_o content_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v his_o own_o life_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n that_o in_o all_o society_n the_o good_a of_o the_o lesser_a part_n must_v give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a §_o 1._o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o law_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o
case_n propose_v unless_o first_o all_o those_o effect_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o it_o in_o all_o its_o various_a circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v and_o compare_v together_o so_o that_o the_o contemplation_n both_o of_o the_o cause_n on_o which_o man_n safety_n and_o happiness_n depend_v as_o also_o of_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o their_o joint_n or_o concur_v force_n and_o endeavour_n must_v necessary_o lead_v our_o mind_n first_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o next_o of_o ourselves_o as_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o mankind_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o contemplate_v this_o system_fw-la of_o thing_n call_v the_o visible_a world_n but_o more_o especial_o god_n as_o its_o creator_n and_o governor_n according_a to_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o be_v due_o consider_v and_o digest_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o certain_a conclusion_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v or_o determine_v what_o humane_a thing_n and_o action_n be_v certain_o and_o necessary_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v felicity_n or_o wellbeing_a be_v contain_v as_o a_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o which_o rational_a dictate_v or_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o consist_v §_o 5._o no_o body_n i_o suppose_v will_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v physical_a disquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o business_n of_o profess_a naturalist_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o we_o to_o show_v that_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o certain_a natural_a and_o easy_a observation_n gather_v from_o common_a experience_n or_o else_o into_o certain_a conclusion_n establish_v upon_o the_o know_a principle_n of_o mathematics_n and_o physics_n by_o which_o i_o do_v not_o only_o mean_v all_o those_o natural_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o body_n but_o also_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v or_o inquire_v into_o they_o from_o all_o which_o by_o the_o order_n of_o natural_a cause_n we_o may_v be_v lead_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n their_o creator_n and_o ordainer_n and_o so_o may_v acknowledge_v he_o as_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o all_o these_o excellent_a effect_n since_o this_o nature_n of_o thing_n do_v as_o well_o suggest_v to_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o creator_n as_o of_o the_o thing_n create_v and_o so_o supply_v we_o with_o sufficient_a matter_n from_o which_o we_o may_v deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o so_o many_o true_a practical_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o creator_n that_o can_v stamp_v any_o authority_n or_o obligation_n upon_o they_o now_o although_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n collect_v from_o our_o knowledge_n of_o several_a being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o may_v serve_v for_o our_o moral_a instruction_n and_o the_o cultivate_a of_o our_o manner_n yet_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o select_v some_o of_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o explain_v our_o short_a account_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o several_a author_n have_v so_o much_o enlarge_v upon_o it_o i_o think_v may_v very_o well_o be_v reduce_v to_o this_o single_a proposition_n viz._n the_o most_o universal_a love_n or_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o that_o their_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a by_o this_o benevolence_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o contain_v note_v that_o by_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o a_o fruitless_a desire_n or_o wellwishing_a but_o a_o active_a affection_n exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o piety_n towards_o god_n duty_n towards_o parent_n kindness_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o our_o country_n friends_z and_o relation_n and_o of_o charity_n and_o humanity_n towards_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n as_o often_o as_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o §_o 6._o in_o the_o make_n out_o of_o which_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v here_o needless_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n since_o the_o former_a have_v be_v so_o learned_o perform_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n ward_n late_a bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o latter_a so_o exact_o do_v already_o in_o english_a by_o the_o above_o mention_v author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n i_o shall_v only_o brief_o suppose_v upon_o his_o principle_n that_o our_o soul_n do_v 1._o from_o the_o very_a birth_n by_o degree_n receive_v idea_n draw_v from_o outward_a object_n by_o our_o sense_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v their_o faculty_n from_o divers_a single_a notion_n or_o idea_n put_v together_o to_o come_v to_o make_v complex_fw-la one_o that_o be_v to_o make_v divers_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n not_o only_o concern_v their_o own_o inward_a act_n but_o also_o about_o all_o those_o outward_a object_n with_o which_o they_o be_v daily_o conversant_a and_o which_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o find_v out_o the_o ready_a mean_n of_o attain_v to_o and_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v able_a to_o acquire_v these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o far_a description_n of_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n since_o every_o person_n can_v but_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o its_o nature_n degree_n and_o various_a operation_n that_o will_v but_o make_v any_o selfreflection_n upon_o his_o own_o inward_a affection_n §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o the_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n in_o which_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o consist_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_a enough_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o affirm_v that_o our_o endeavour_n of_o procure_v all_o the_o good_a thing_n in_o our_o power_n and_o which_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o best_a or_o chief_a thing_n that_o all_o person_n can_v do_v to_o render_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o happy_a as_o their_o nature_n will_v permit_v or_o can_v require_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a or_o more_o powerful_a mean_n to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v obtain_v a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o that_o to_o come_v than_o by_o endeavour_v our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o advance_v the_o reader_n may_v collect_v these_o two_o proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a happiness_n consist_v in_o a_o habitual_a determination_n of_o the_o will_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o its_o ability_n and_o perfection_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n 2._o that_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o each_o individual_a person_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o rational_n since_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o differ_v from_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v this_o general_a or_o diffusive_a benevolence_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n not_o to_o mean_v or_o only_o intend_v what_o any_o single_a or_o a_o few_o person_n may_v perform_v towards_o the_o procure_n of_o their_o own_o private_a happiness_n or_o that_o of_o their_o own_o party_n or_o faction_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o what_o all_o particular_a person_n may_v joint_o contribute_v to_o render_v themselves_o and_o other_o happy_a that_o be_v what_o each_o of_o they_o may_v rational_o perform_v towards_o the_o obtain_n this_o common_a felicity_n for_o it_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v know_v in_o general_a what_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v towards_o any_o common_a end_n such_o as_o be_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o rational_n and_o than_o what_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o particular_a person_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n to_o perform_v for_o example_n towards_o his_o own_o private_a happiness_n as_o separate_v from_o
§_o 12._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v that_o together_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n of_o which_o ourselves_o make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n there_o be_v likewise_o convey_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n a_o certain_a knowledge_n 1._o of_o divers_a natural_a outward_a good_n 2._o and_o those_o not_o only_o peculiar_a to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o common_a to_o all_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n 3._o of_o which_o good_n some_o be_v great_a than_o other_o and_o that_o good_a which_o have_v none_o that_o we_o know_v excel_v it_o we_o may_v call_v the_o great_a or_o high_a 4._o also_o of_o those_o some_o be_v common_o in_o our_o power_n other_o we_o understand_v to_o exceed_v the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o our_o humane_a force_n but_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v by_o two_o several_a way_n discover_v to_o we_o either_o more_o confuse_o by_o common_a experience_n and_o daily_a observation_n or_o else_o more_o distinct_o from_o experimental_a philosophy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n the_o former_a of_o these_o method_n be_v easy_a and_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o i_o shall_v rather_o make_v use_n of_o that_o whereas_o the_o other_o will_v be_v only_o proper_a for_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n since_o the_o ground_n or_o principle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n aught_o to_o be_v alike_o evident_a to_o the_o illiterate_a as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o learned_a for_o all_o be_v under_o the_o like_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o such_o vulgar_a and_o easy_a observation_n which_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v dispute_v or_o deny_v and_o such_o as_o from_o which_o i_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o knowledge_n and_o coherence_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v evident_o be_v deduce_v §_o 13._o our_o first_o natural_a observation_n therefore_o be_v that_o by_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o food_n clothe_v house_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o by_o that_o help_n or_o assistance_n which_o one_o or_o more_o person_n can_v afford_v each_o other_o man_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o live_v as_o happy_o and_o content_o for_o several_a year_n as_o their_o frail_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o these_o effect_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a but_o necessary_a to_o our_o nature_n be_v natural_o good_a as_o tend_v to_o their_o preservation_n or_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n man_n affection_n from_o whence_o these_o outward_a thing_n and_o act_n do_v proceed_v and_o which_o produce_v all_o these_o good_a effect_n be_v conceive_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a will_n or_o benevolence_n which_o must_v be_v also_o good_a since_o whatever_o goodness_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v be_v likewise_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o we_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o by_o this_o benevolence_n we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o help_v ourselves_o or_o some_o few_o person_n but_o many_o other_o as_o well_o by_o our_o advice_n as_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o industry_n especial_o when_o we_o see_v divers_a other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n who_o be_v able_a and_o seem_v also_o willing_a to_o requite_v we_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o each_o of_o we_o in_o particular_a may_v be_v provide_v with_o a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n by_o our_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n all_o which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v want_v to_o we_o but_o we_o shall_v be_v expose_v to_o innumerable_a mischief_n and_o hazard_n as_o also_o to_o a_o great_a want_n even_o of_o necessary_n if_o all_o person_n look_v only_o to_o themselves_o shall_v always_o show_v themselves_o ill-natured_a malevolent_a and_o enemy_n towards_o other_o rational_a being_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n be_v thus_o helpful_a and_o necessary_a to_o so_o many_o other_o may_v easy_o and_o natural_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n a_o notion_n of_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o from_o the_o obvious_a similitude_n of_o rational_a being_n to_o each_o other_o must_v equal_o respect_v all_o those_o which_o we_o have_v opportunity_n or_o occasion_n of_o know_v or_o converse_v with_o as_o also_o those_o with_o who_o we_o have_v not_o §_o 14._o and_o i_o may_v add_v far_o from_o constant_a experience_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o assistance_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n because_o their_o nature_n and_o consequent_o what_o be_v good_a or_o destructive_a to_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o ourselves_o than_o of_o other_o creature_n for_o as_o our_o nature_n be_v capable_a of_o more_o and_o great_a good_n than_o they_o and_o in_o the_o attain_n of_o which_o we_o can_v better_o assist_v each_o other_o so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o great_a danger_n and_o calamity_n for_o the_o decline_a and_o remove_v of_o which_o god_n have_v appoint_v our_o mutual_a benevolence_n express_v by_o our_o endeavour_n and_o assistance_n of_o each_o other_o as_o the_o most_o suitable_a and_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 15._o and_o we_o may_v also_o observe_v that_o by_o our_o advice_n and_o counsel_n communicate_v by_o apt_a sign_n or_o word_n we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v many_o help_n and_o conveniency_n of_o life_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n of_o which_o other_o animal_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a either_o of_o act_v or_o receive_v and_o far_o because_o of_o the_o similitude_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n with_o ourselves_o we_o can_v but_o think_v it_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n to_o do_v or_o to_o procure_v the_o like_a thing_n for_o they_o as_o for_o ourselves_o and_o can_v also_o be_v sensible_a of_o great_a motive_n to_o benefit_n man_n than_o other_o creature_n since_o we_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o those_o we_o have_v thus_o do_v good_a to_o or_o oblige_v be_v move_v by_o our_o benefit_n will_v make_v we_o a_o suitable_a return_n whenever_o it_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n and_o that_o they_o may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o in_o the_o like_a or_o some_o other_o way_n oblige_v we_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o common_a experience_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o large_a possession_n nor_o any_o sure_a defence_n for_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a piety_n towards_o god_n the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o the_o most_o diffusive_a love_n and_o sincere_a benevolence_n of_o all_o person_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o if_o they_o prove_v malevolent_a or_o ill-natured_a they_o may_v easy_o bereave_v we_o of_o all_o thing_n we_o enjoy_v together_o with_o our_o life_n itself_o nor_o can_v the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o other_o be_v obtain_v by_o any_o more_o certain_a or_o powerful_a mean_n than_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v show_v himself_o so_o affect_v in_o his_o action_n towards_o other_o as_o he_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v towards_o himself_o that_o be_v love_v and_o benevolent_a upon_o all_o occasion_n though_o more_o particular_o to_o those_o to_o who_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o friendship_n or_o relation_n §_o 16._o last_o of_o all_o the_o same_o experience_n that_o demonstrate_v the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o particular_a person_n to_o be_v the_o most_o powerful_a cause_n of_o their_o felicity_n do_v as_o necessary_o teach_v we_o from_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o any_o great_a number_n of_o man_n towards_o any_o the_o like_a number_n have_v alike_o proportionable_a effect_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o constant_a malice_n or_o ill-will_a of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o express_v by_o suitable_a action_n will_v soon_o bring_v destruction_n to_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n since_o it_o will_v soon_o destroy_v all_o the_o cause_n requisite_a to_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a and_o introduce_v a_o perpetual_a enmity_n and_o war_n which_o be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a misery_n and_o calamity_n which_o can_v befall_v mankind_n all_o which_o though_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o own_o the_o necessity_n of_o man_n mutual_a love_n and_o concord_n to_o be_v also_o as_o necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n but_o why_o the_o cause_n of_o man_n preservation_n and_o happiness_n as_o be_v prior_n in_o nature_n shall_v not_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o those_o of_o their_o destruction_n since_o the_o one_o be_v altogether_o as_o evident_a and_o necessary_a and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o foresee_v and_o prevent_v as_o the_o other_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v
aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
example_n than_o nature_n i_o desire_v they_o to_o show_v i_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n so_o barbarous_a that_o do_v not_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o though_o child_n it_o be_v true_a before_o they_o can_v go_v must_v crawl_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o upon_o their_o hand_n and_o foot_n but_o knee_n for_o a_o man_n leg_n as_o be_v notorious_a to_o anatomist_n be_v so_o much_o long_a than_o his_o arm_n and_o be_v likewise_o so_o set_v on_o that_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o move_v in_o right-angle_n with_o the_o arm_n or_o foreleg_n as_o in_o brute_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o some_o beast_n as_o ape_n monkey_n and_o bear_n can_v sometime_o go_v upon_o their_o hind-feet_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o constant_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o present_a necessity_n be_v over_o they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o natural_a posture_n to_o conclude_v i_o think_v i_o may_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o from_o all_o these_o natural_a observation_n from_o the_o frame_n of_o humane_a body_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o passion_n it_o do_v not_o evident_o appear_v that_o man_n happiness_n and_o subsistence_n in_o this_o life_n be_v not_o design_v by_o god_n to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a sensual_a pleasure_n or_o the_o mere_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n restrain_v to_o himself_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_a but_o be_v rather_o intend_v for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n §_o 20._o have_v now_o dispatch_v those_o natural_a observation_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o constitution_n or_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n in_o order_n to_o the_o render_v he_o capable_a of_o serve_v the_o common_a good_a in_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o species_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o head_n before_o lay_v down_o viz._n those_o excellency_n or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o humane_a soul_n or_o mind_n and_o in_o which_o he_o excel_v all_o other_o creature_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n mr._n 12._o h._n very_o well_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o event_n they_o see_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o beginning_n to_o judge_v also_o that_o it_o have_v a_o cause_n which_o determine_v the_o same_o to_o begin_v when_o it_o do_v and_o also_o whereas_o there_o be_v no_o other_o felicity_n among_o beast_n but_o the_o enjoy_n their_o daily_a food_n ease_n and_o lust_n as_o have_v little_a or_o no_o foresight_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o want_v of_o observation_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o order_n consequence_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o see_v man_n alone_o observe_v how_o one_o event_n have_v be_v produce_v by_o another_o and_o therein_o remember_v the_o antecedence_n and_o consequence_n whence_o he_o certain_o must_v be_v endue_v with_o a_o large_a capacity_n for_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n without_o himself_o and_o be_v also_o able_a to_o make_v more_o curious_a and_o exact_a search_n into_o their_o cause_n and_o effect_n than_o the_o most_o sagacious_a brute_n who_o though_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o some_o few_o appetite_n or_o inclination_n towards_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n and_o a_o aversion_n for_o other_o that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o they_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n stamp_v by_o god_n on_o their_o very_a nature_n and_o not_o from_o reason_n or_o deliberation_n as_o young_a wild-duck_n they_o say_v will_v run_v away_o from_o a_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v hatch_v and_o chicken_n know_v the_o kite_n though_o they_o never_o see_v she_o before_o and_o this_o not_o from_o any_o experience_n or_o rational_a deduction_n but_o as_o for_o man_n it_o be_v his_o faculty_n alone_o to_o proceed_v from_o some_o know_a principle_n to_o draw_v rational_a deduction_n or_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o know_v before_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o faculty_n we_o call_v right_o reason_n or_o ratiocination_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o bear_v with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o property_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o we_o see_v child_n till_o they_o come_v to_o some_o year_n and_o fool_n and_o mad_a folk_n act_v without_o it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o therefore_o artificial_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o since_o all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o who_o will_v give_v themselves_o leisure_n to_o think_v may_v attain_v to_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o it_o for_o the_o well-government_n of_o their_o action_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o discover_v that_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n which_o notion_n be_v peculiar_a to_o man_n and_o also_o common_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n either_o from_o man_n own_o particular_a observation_n or_o rational_a deduction_n or_o else_o from_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o who_o themselves_z first_o find_v out_o such_o rational_a conclusion_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o their_o child_n or_o scholar_n with_o their_o first_o element_n of_o speech_n come_v in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v forget_v when_o those_o early_a notion_n be_v first_o instill_a into_o they_o to_o be_v take_v for_o connate_a idea_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v they_o have_v be_v by_o too_o many_o who_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v their_o original_a mistake_v for_o idea_n or_o notion_n impress_v by_o god_n upon_o their_o soul_n but_o leave_v this_o of_o which_o other_o have_v say_v enough_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n man_n have_v be_v always_o able_a to_o find_v out_o sufficient_a remedy_n for_o his_o own_o natural_a weakness_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o several_a art_n such_o as_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n for_o his_o preservation_n and_o cure_n when_o sick_a or_o hurt_v and_o also_o those_o of_o a_o more_o public_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o policy_n or_o the_o well-government_n of_o common-weal_n of_o navigation_n warfare_n or_o the_o art_n military_a for_o his_o happiness_n and_o defence_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n so_o that_o though_o man_n be_v bear_v naked_a and_o without_o those_o natural_a defence_n and_o weapon_n with_o which_o divers_a brute_n be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o faculty_n he_o be_v able_a not_o only_o much_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o violence_n and_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o provide_v himself_o with_o clothes_n house_n and_o victual_n beforehand_o since_o nature_n have_v not_o make_v he_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n upon_o those_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o spontaneous_o produce_v but_o can_v also_o tame_a subdue_v and_o kill_v the_o strong_a fierce_a and_o cunning_a brute_n and_o make_v they_o subservient_fw-fr to_o those_o end_n and_o design_n for_o which_o he_o please_v to_o employ_v they_o so_o likewise_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o judge_v of_o consequence_n from_o their_o antecedent_n and_o foresee_v the_o probability_n or_o improbability_n of_o future_a event_n he_o thereby_o distinguish_v between_o real_a and_o apparent_a good_n that_o be_v between_o such_o thing_n that_o may_v please_v for_o the_o present_a and_o do_v afterward_o hurt_v he_o and_o those_o which_o though_o they_o may_v seem_v displease_v for_o a_o time_n yet_o may_v after_o do_v he_o a_o great_a benefit_n which_o principle_n since_o they_o contain_v foundation_n of_o all_o morality_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o particular_o to_o set_v down_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a §_o 21._o first_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o every_o animal_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o natural_a principle_n whereby_o it_o be_v necessary_o incline_v to_o promote_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o wellbeing_a yet_o not_o exclude_v that_o of_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a that_o therefore_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o this_o end_n be_v call_v a_o natural_a good_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o obstruct_v and_o hinder_v it_o be_v evil_a among_o which_o good_n and_o evil_n there_o be_v several_a kind_n or_o degree_n according_a as_o thing_n be_v endue_v with_o more_o or_o less_o fitness_n or_o power_n to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v this_o end_n all_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a maxim_n or_o proposition_n as_o i_o have_v take_v they_o out_o of_o dr._n moor_n enchiridion_n
beside_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o do_v true_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n towards_o himself_o by_o a_o temperate_a and_o a_o rational_a life_n as_o also_o towards_o his_o neighbour_n by_o observe_v that_o great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o he_o will_v be_v do_v by_o in_o all_o case_n towards_o other_o i_o say_v such_o a_o man_n though_o never_o so_o simple_a and_o ignorant_a in_o other_o thing_n do_v real_o contribute_v his_o share_n of_o endeavour_n towards_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a and_o though_o he_o may_v not_o distinct_o know_v all_o the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o his_o own_o action_n yet_o if_o he_o thus_o lead_v his_o life_n and_o observe_v all_o these_o rule_n tend_v to_o this_o end_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v meet_v with_o all_o those_o reward_n intend_v by_o god_n for_o virtuous_a action_n provide_v he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o at_o least_o wilful_o refuse_v the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n when_o due_o propose_v to_o he_o thus_o a_o country_n carpenter_n may_v deserve_v sufficient_a wage_n and_o commendation_n if_o he_o can_v build_v a_o house_n and_o honest_o perform_v his_o work_n according_a to_o those_o few_o practical_a rule_n he_o have_v learn_v though_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n or_o architecture_n according_a to_o which_o all_o that_o he_o have_v wrought_v may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o if_o he_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o understand_v they_o §_o 6._o there_o be_v another_o objection_n which_o this_o sort_n of_o man_n may_v make_v against_o our_o method_n of_o find_v out_o and_o demonstrate_v this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n in_o that_o i_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o himself_o alone_o whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v as_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v postpone_v and_o make_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o satisfy_v which_o scruple_n i_o do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n affirm_v that_o we_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o such_o thing_n since_o we_o have_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v the_o quite_o contrary_a doctrine_n for_o i_o assert_v that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o his_o own_o life_n or_o be_v but_o in_o order_n and_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o more_o distinct_o declare_v how_o these_o though_o some_o may_v think_v they_o contrary_a to_o each_o other_o do_v very_o well_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o our_o natural_a obligation_n to_o this_o law_n be_v not_o discover_v by_o we_o in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o method_n as_o it_o be_v constitute_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n for_o our_o weak_a finite_a understanding_n when_o act_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o divine_a revelation_n do_v slow_o enough_o at_o first_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o individual_a or_o single_a thing_n and_o thence_o take_v rise_v from_o such_o common_a effect_n as_o be_v most_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n proceed_v to_o their_o more_o obstruse_a cause_n until_o at_o length_n discover_v one_o infinite_a be_v call_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o from_o thence_o collect_v not_o only_o what_o be_v his_o nature_n but_o also_o what_o be_v his_o will_n whereby_o we_o do_v not_o only_o find_v that_o he_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a be_v but_o that_o as_o such_o he_o will_v and_o procure_v the_o good_a and_o preservation_n not_o of_o some_o few_o singular_n alone_o but_o of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o man_n cooperate_v as_o subordinate_a though_o free_a agent_n to_o this_o end_n as_o the_o great_a and_o worthy_a we_o can_v undertake_v which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o last_o thing_n we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o yet_o be_v that_o which_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o intend_v by_o god_n as_o the_o principal_a object_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a this_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o thing_n thus_o learn_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n be_v intend_v by_o god_n only_o to_o serve_v as_o step_n to_o raise_v we_o to_o that_o large_a knowledge_n and_o noble_a desire_n of_o pursue_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a duty_n and_o that_o our_o will_n and_o affection_n towards_o this_o end_n be_v not_o to_o be_v regulate_v or_o direct_v in_o the_o same_o order_n by_o which_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v discover_v i._n e._n with_o a_o respect_n to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o from_o a_o true_a judgement_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o that_o natural_a good_a and_o perfection_n therein_o contain_v so_o that_o though_o we_o be_v at_o first_o indeed_o excite_v to_o the_o procure_v our_o own_o happiness_n as_o the_o prime_n and_o most_o natural_a motive_n of_o all_o our_o action_n yet_o we_o come_v at_o last_o upon_o better_a consideration_n to_o discover_v that_o this_o happiness_n of_o we_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o conservation_n of_o any_o of_o our_o particular_a member_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o health_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n §_o 7._o and_o this_o proposition_n that_o every_o single_a man_n good_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o common-good_a prove_v indeed_o that_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n be_v by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o every_o single_a man_n but_o that_o every_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o myself_o or_o any_o one_o man_n alone_o but_o extend_v alike_o to_o each_o other_o man_n or_o all_o man_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o word_n every_o man_n collective_o take_v amount_v to_o all_o man_n as_o every_o part_n collective_o take_v signify_v the_o whole_a and_o though_o the_o main_a end_n intend_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n from_o such_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n as_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v indeed_o of_o much_o great_a value_n to_o he_o than_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o one_o single_a person_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o detract_v from_o the_o perfection_n or_o sincerity_n of_o this_o obedience_n if_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o man_n be_v own_o particular_a happiness_n or_o misery_n he_o thereby_o come_v to_o consider_v and_o understand_v that_o god_n have_v command_v he_o to_o pursue_v a_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n than_o that_o alone_o yet_o to_o which_o his_o own_o happiness_n or_o misery_n be_v inseparable_o connect_v §_o 8._o i_o come_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o these_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o man_n of_o quite_o contrary_a principle_n and_o who_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o propose_v this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n their_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n infinite_a goodness_n and_o power_n and_o wisdom_n in_o the_o government_n of_o mankind_n if_o he_o do_v real_o intend_v its_o good_a and_o happiness_n as_o we_o here_o suppose_v to_o permit_v so_o great_a a_o design_n to_o be_v so_o often_o disturb_v if_o not_o quite_o frustrate_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o various_a passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n of_o so_o many_o violent_a wicked_a and_o unjust_a man_n which_o if_o mankind_n be_v well_o consider_v do_v make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o aggregate_v body_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o may_v tell_v those_o that_o make_v it_o that_o the_o true_a original_n of_o that_o deprave_a state_n of_o mankind_n and_o from_o which_o all_o that_o disorder_n which_o we_o now_o find_v in_o humane_a nature_n be_v derive_v be_v the_o fall_n of_o adam_n the_o first_o father_n of_o mankind_n who_o thereby_o convey_v a_o weakness_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o prevail_a power_n which_o we_o feel_v in_o our_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n to_o all_o his_o posterity_n whereby_o man_n be_v become_v very_o prone_a to_o evil_a and_o too_o apt_a to_o transgress_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o because_o the_o
abovecited_a he_o there_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v that_o man_n be_v not_o a_o sociable_a creature_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o in_o nature_n but_o only_o by_o accident_n for_o if_o man_n love_v man_n natural_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n give_v why_o every_o one_o shall_v not_o love_v every_o one_o alike_o as_o be_v alike_o man_n or_o why_o he_o shall_v rather_o frequent_v those_o in_o who_o society_n honour_n and_o profit_n be_v confer_v rather_o on_o himself_o than_o other_o therefore_o we_o do_v not_o by_o nature_n seek_v companion_n but_o to_o be_v either_o honour_a or_o profit_v by_o they_o these_o in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o those_o in_o the_o second_o and_o this_o he_o think_v he_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o show_v we_o for_o what_o end_n man_n herd_n together_o and_o what_o they_o do_v when_o they_o be_v meet_v for_o if_o they_o come_v together_o for_o commerce-sake_n every_o one_o mind_n not_o his_o companion_n be_v but_o his_o own_o interest_n if_o for_o public_a affair_n there_o arise_v a_o certain_a court-friendship_n have_v more_o of_o mutual_a fear_n than_o love_n from_o whence_o often_o faction_n but_o never_o goodwill_n be_v produce_v if_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o mirth_n and_o pleasure_n every_o one_o be_v wont_a to_o please_v himself_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o raise_v laughter_n from_o whence_o he_o may_v as_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v ridiculous_a by_o the_o comparison_n of_o another_o weakness_n or_o infirmity_n become_v more_o acceptable_a to_o himself_o and_o he_o there_o proceed_v to_o show_v from_o several_a observation_n he_o have_v make_v in_o the_o company_n he_o have_v keep_v that_o all_o man_n that_o converse_v together_o either_o for_o the_o sake_n or_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o do_v only_o seek_v company_n for_o their_o own_o profit_n or_o glory_n and_o not_o the_o good_a of_o other_o that_o be_v for_o the_o love_n of_o himself_o not_o of_o his_o companion_n and_o therefore_o since_o man_n can_v never_o seek_v civil_a society_n only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o glory_n and_o although_o the_o profit_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o man_n mutual_a assistance_n yet_o since_o that_o may_v be_v much_o better_o procure_v by_o a_o dominion_n over_o other_o than_o by_o their_o society_n no_o body_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o man_n be_v more_o vehement_o carry_v by_o their_o nature_n when_o fear_n be_v remove_v to_o dominion_n than_o society_n therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o great_a and_o last_a society_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o man_n but_o their_o mutual_a fear_n and_o by_o fear_n as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o annotation_n to_o this_o paragraph_n he_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o to_o be_v frighten_v but_o under_o that_o word_n fear_v he_o comprehend_v any_o prospect_n of_o a_o future_a evil_n as_o to_o distrust_v suspect_v beware_v and_o to_o provide_v that_o they_o may_v not_o fear_v to_o be_v also_o the_o part_n of_o those_o who_o be_v afraid_a §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o the_o author_n sense_n and_o in_o great_a part_n his_o own_o word_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o make_v some_o observation_n upon_o they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n must_v observe_v that_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o his_o argument_n consist_v in_o the_o ill_a or_o false_a use_n of_o these_o word_n unapt_a for_o society_n for_o if_o he_o only_o understand_v by_o they_o that_o man_n be_v bear_v actual_o unapt_a for_o civil_a society_n because_o they_o be_v infant_n or_o else_o unexperienced_a of_o the_o evil_n proceed_v from_o the_o want_v thereof_o this_o be_v indeed_o a_o great_a discovery_n and_o worthy_a a_o philosopher_n that_o child_n or_o people_n without_o experience_n be_v not_o able_a to_o understand_v the_o meaning_n or_o force_n of_o compact_n or_o be_v unable_a immediate_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o civil_a state_n nor_o be_v his_o reason_n any_o better_a that_o though_o infant_n and_o person_n of_o full_a age_n though_o unexperienced_a partake_v of_o human_a nature_n yet_o be_v thus_o unapt_a for_o society_n man_n be_v not_o make_v fit_a for_o it_o by_o nature_n but_o discipline_n §_o 3._o from_o whence_o i_o observe_v that_o he_o only_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o humane_a nature_n from_o those_o passion_n which_o precede_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n experience_n and_o discipline_n and_o as_o they_o first_o and_o chief_o show_v themselves_o in_o child_n and_o fool_n or_o person_n unexperienced_a whereas_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a philosopher_n we_o suppose_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o man_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v from_o his_o utmost_a perfection_n viz._n his_o reason_n or_o the_o power_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n by_o which_o alone_a he_o be_v distinguish_v from_o brute_n and_o so_o the_o will_n may_v incline_v we_o to_o those_o thing_n which_o reason_n shall_v judge_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a for_o our_o nature_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h._n do_v very_o absurd_o to_o oppose_v experience_n and_o discipline_n to_o nature_n since_o whatever_o man_n learn_v by_o either_o of_o these_o they_o must_v still_o attain_v to_o it_o by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n and_o those_o faculty_n of_o reason_n and_o speech_n which_o brute_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o and_o therefore_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o creature_n be_v best_a judge_v of_o from_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n it_o attain_v to_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o its_o first_o appearance_n or_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o its_o utmost_a state_n of_o perfection_n when_o it_o come_v to_o bear_v flower_n seed_n or_o fruit._n and_o even_o that_o experience_n to_o which_o mr._n h._n attribute_n all_o our_o reason_n he_o himself_o grant_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a and_o not_o acquire_v power_n see_v his_o leviathan_n chap._n 8._o where_o treat_v of_o intellectual_a virtue_n he_o have_v these_o word_n the_o intellectual_a virtue_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n natural_a and_o acquire_v by_o natural_a i_o mean_v not_o that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v from_o his_o birth_n for_o that_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o sense_n wherein_o man_n differ_v so_o little_a from_o one_o another_o and_o from_o brute_n beast_n as_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o virtue_n but_o i_o mean_v that_o wit_n which_o be_v get_v by_o use_n only_o and_o experience_n without_o method_n culture_n or_o instruction_n §_o 4._o to_o conclude_v this_o head_n i_o desire_v those_o gentleman_n of_o his_o opinion_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o philosopher_n and_o writer_n of_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o mr._n h._n be_v not_o ignorant_a how_o unfit_a infant_n and_o grow_v person_n without_o experience_n or_o labour_v under_o any_o unruly_a passion_n be_v to_o enter_v into_o league_n or_o compact_n or_o to_o perform_v any_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o suppose_v man_n to_o be_v bear_v for_o those_o end_n which_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o rational_a nature_n he_o may_v at_o last_o attain_v to_o unless_o something_o preternatural_a such_o as_o be_v those_o disorderly_a passion_n or_o disease_n of_o the_o mind_n intervene_v and_o juvenal_n say_v be_v as_o old_a as_o true_a non_fw-la aliud_fw-la natura_fw-la aliud_fw-la sapientia_fw-la dictat_fw-la and_o sure_o it_o be_v a_o childish_a inference_n and_o favour_n more_o of_o sophistry_n than_o true_a philosophy_n to_o say_v man_n be_v bear_v infant_n and_o therefore_o unapt_a for_o civil_a society_n since_o any_o country_n fellow_n can_v have_v teach_v he_o better_o who_o think_v his_o son_n bear_v apt_a to_o be_v a_o ploughman_n or_o a_o grazier_n though_o he_o know_v he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o plough_n until_o he_o be_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n of_o age_n nor_o yet_o to_o understand_v graze_v until_o he_o be_v able_a to_o ride_v and_o go_v to_o market_n §_o 5._o but_o let_v we_o now_o more_o particular_o examine_v the_o reason_n this_o author_n there_o give_v we_o why_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n natural_o unapt_a for_o society_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n because_o if_o one_o man_n love_v another_o natural_o as_o man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o every_o man_n shall_v not_o love_v every_o man_n alike_o or_o wherefore_o he_o shall_v rather_o frequent_v those_o in_o who_o company_n he_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o get_v honour_n and_o profit_n therefore_o we_o do_v not_o natural_o seek_v companion_n i._n e._n for_o their_o own_o sake_n but_o either_o to_o gain_v honour_n or_o prosit_fw-la by_o they_o these_o in_o the_o first_o place_n