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transparent_a for_o this_o several_a argument_n and_o observation_n be_v recite_v how_o colour_n become_v incapable_a of_o dilute_v explicate_v by_o
perceive_v the_o perforation_n with_o one_o naked_a eye_n though_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o microscope_n it_o may_v easy_o enough_o be_v perceive_v nay_o i_o have_v make_v a_o pipe_n perforate_v from_o end_n to_o end_n so_o small_a that_o with_o my_o naked_a eye_n i_o can_v very_o hardly_o see_v the_o body_n of_o it_o insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v be_v able_a to_o knit_v it_o up_o into_o a_o knot_n without_o break_v and_o more_o accurate_o examine_v one_o with_o my_o microscope_n i_o find_v it_o not_o so_o big_a as_o a_o sixteen_o part_n of_o one_o of_o the_o small_a hair_n of_o my_o head_n which_o be_v of_o the_o small_a and_o fine_a sort_n of_o hair_n so_o that_o sixteen_o of_o these_o pipe_n bind_v faggot-wiâ—e_a together_o will_v but_o have_v equalise_v one_o single_a hair_n how_o small_a therefore_o must_v its_o perforation_n be_v it_o appear_v to_o i_o through_o the_o microscope_n to_o be_v a_o proportionable_o thick-sided_n pipe_n to_o proceed_v then_o for_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o experiment_n the_o experimenter_n must_v place_v the_o tube_n ab_fw-la perpendicular_a and_o fill_v the_o pipe_n f_o cement_v into_o the_o hole_n e_o with_o water_n but_o leave_v the_o bubble_n c_o bookful_n of_o air_n and_o then_o gentle_o pour_v in_o water_n into_o the_o pipe_n ab_fw-la he_o must_v observe_v diligent_o how_o high_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v in_o it_o before_o it_o protrude_v the_o bubble_n of_o air_n c_o through_o the_o narrow_a passage_n of_o f_o and_o denote_v exact_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n then_o cement_n in_o a_o second_o pipe_n as_o g_o and_o fill_v it_o with_o water_n he_o may_v proceed_v as_o with_o the_o former_a denote_v likewise_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n able_a to_o protrude_v the_o bubble_n c_o through_o the_o passage_n of_o g_o the_o like_a may_v he_o do_v with_o the_o next_o pipe_n and_o the_o next_o etc._n etc._n as_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a then_o compare_v the_o several_a height_n of_o the_o cylinder_n with_o the_o several_a hole_n through_o which_o each_o cylinder_n do_v force_v the_o air_n have_v due_a regard_n to_o the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o the_o small_a tube_n it_o will_v be_v very_o easy_a to_o determine_v what_o force_n be_v requisite_a to_o press_v the_o air_n into_o such_o and_o such_o a_o hole_n or_o to_o apply_v it_o to_o our_o present_a experiment_n how_o much_o of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o by_o its_o ingress_n into_o small_a and_o small_a hole_n from_o the_o application_n of_o which_o to_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o air_n into_o the_o big_a hole_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o into_o the_o small_a hole_n of_o the_o pipe_n we_o shall_v clear_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n or_o great_a pipe_n than_o there_o be_v upon_o that_o in_o the_o lesser_a pipe_n for_o since_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n every_o way_n be_v find_v to_o be_v equal_a that_o be_v as_o much_o as_o be_v able_a to_o press_v up_o and_o sustain_v a_o cylinder_n of_o quicksilver_n of_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a or_o thereabouts_o and_o since_o of_o this_o pressure_n so_o many_o more_o degree_n be_v require_v to_o force_v the_o air_n into_o a_o small_a than_o into_o a_o great_a hole_n that_o be_v full_a of_o a_o more_o congruous_a fluid_n and_o last_o since_o those_o degree_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o press_v it_o in_o be_v thereby_o take_v off_o from_o the_o air_n within_o and_o the_o air_n within_o leave_v with_o so_o many_o degree_n of_o pressure_n less_o than_o the_o air_n without_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o air_n in_o the_o less_o tube_n or_o pipe_n will_v have_v less_o pressure_n against_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n therein_o than_o the_o air_n in_o the_o big_a which_o be_v the_o minor_a proposition_n to_o be_v prove_v the_o conclusion_n therefore_o will_v necessary_o follow_v viz._n that_o this_o unequal_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o its_o ingress_n into_o unequal_a hole_n be_v a_o cause_n sufficient_a to_o produce_v this_o effect_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o concurrent_a and_o therefore_o be_v probable_o the_o principal_n if_o not_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n this_o therefore_o be_v thus_o explain_v there_o will_v be_v divers_a phaenomena_n explicable_a thereby_o as_o the_o rise_n of_o liquor_n in_o a_o filtre_n the_o rise_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n melt_v tallow_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o week_n of_o a_o lamp_n though_o make_v of_o small_a wire_n thread_n of_o asbestus_n string_n of_o glass_n or_o the_o like_a the_o rise_n of_o liquor_n in_o a_o sponge_n piece_n of_o bread_n sand_n etc._n etc._n perhaps_o also_o the_o ascend_a of_o the_o sap_n in_o tree_n and_o plant_n through_o their_o small_a and_o some_o of_o they_o imperceptible_a pore_n of_o which_o i_o have_v say_v more_o on_o another_o occasion_n at_o least_o the_o pass_v of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o their_o root_n and_o indeed_o upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o principle_n multitude_n of_o other_o use_n of_o it_o occur_v to_o i_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o so_o well_o examine_v and_o digest_v as_o to_o propound_v for_o axiom_n but_o only_o as_o query_n and_o conjecture_n which_o may_v serve_v as_o hint_n towards_o some_o further_a discovery_n as_o first_o upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o congruity_n and_o incongruity_n of_o body_n as_o to_o touch_v i_o find_v also_o the_o like_a congruity_n and_o incongruity_n if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v as_o to_o the_o transmit_v of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n for_o as_o in_o this_o regard_n water_n not_o now_o to_o mention_v other_o liquor_n seem_v near_o of_o affinity_n to_o glass_n then_o air_n and_o air_n than_o quicksilver_n whence_o a_o oblique_a ray_n out_o of_o glass_n will_v pass_v into_o water_n with_o very_o little_a refraction_n from_o the_o perpendicular_a but_o none_o out_o of_o glass_n into_o air_n except_v a_o direct_a will_v pass_v without_o a_o very_a great_a refraction_n from_o the_o perpendicular_a nay_o any_o oblique_a ray_n under_o thirty_o degree_n will_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o air_n at_o all_o and_o quicksilver_n will_v neither_o admit_v oblique_a or_o direct_a but_o reflect_v all_o seem_v as_o to_o the_o transmit_v of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n to_o be_v of_o a_o quite_o differ_v constitution_n from_o that_o of_o air_n water_n glass_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o resemble_v most_o those_o opacous_a and_o strong_a reflect_a body_n of_o metal_n so_o also_o as_o to_o the_o property_n of_o cohesion_n or_o congruity_n water_n seem_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o order_n be_v more_o congruous_a to_o glass_n then_o air_n and_o air_n than_o quicksilver_n a_o second_o thing_n which_o be_v hint_v to_o i_o by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o include_v fluid_n globular_a form_n cause_v by_o the_o protrusion_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la heterogeneous_a fluid_n be_v whether_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o gravity_n may_v not_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v explain_v by_o suppose_v the_o globe_n of_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n to_o be_v include_v with_o a_o fluid_a heterogeneous_a to_o all_o and_o each_o of_o they_o so_o subtle_a as_o not_o only_o to_o be_v every_o where_o intersperse_v through_o the_o air_n or_o rather_o the_o air_n through_o it_o but_o to_o pervade_v the_o body_n of_o glass_n and_o even_o the_o close_a metal_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o may_v endeavour_v to_o detrude_v all_o earthly_a body_n as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o it_o can_v and_o partly_o thereby_o and_o partly_o by_o other_o of_o its_o property_n may_v move_v they_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o that_o there_o be_v some_o such_o fluid_a i_o can_v produce_v many_o experiment_n and_o reason_n that_o do_v seem_v to_o prove_v it_o but_o because_o it_o will_v ask_v some_o time_n and_o room_n to_o set_v they_o down_o and_o explain_v they_o and_o to_o consider_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o objection_n many_o whereof_o i_o foresee_v that_o may_v be_v allege_v against_o it_o i_o shall_v at_o present_a proceed_v to_o other_o query_n content_v myself_o to_o have_v here_o only_o give_v a_o hint_n of_o what_o i_o may_v say_v more_o elsewhere_o a_o three_o query_n than_o be_v whether_o the_o heterogeneity_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la may_v not_o be_v account_v a_o secondary_a cause_n of_o the_o roundness_n or_o globular_a form_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o planet_n the_o substance_n of_o each_o of_o which_o seem_v altogether_o heterogeneous_a to_o the_o circum-ambient_a fluid_a aether_n and_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o four_o be_v
activity_n cause_n as_o great_a a_o parcel_n of_o earth_n to_o fly_v on_o wing_n in_o the_o air_n as_o it_o do_v of_o water_n in_o steam_n and_o vapour_n and_o what_o swarm_n must_v we_o suppose_v to_o be_v send_v out_o of_o those_o plentiful_a inundation_n of_o water_n which_o be_v pour_v down_o by_o the_o sluice_n of_o rain_n in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o much_o wonder_n at_o those_o innumerable_a cloud_n of_o locust_n with_o which_o africa_n and_o other_o hot_a country_n be_v so_o pester_v since_o in_o those_o place_n be_v find_v all_o the_o convenient_a cause_n of_o their_o production_n namely_o genitor_n or_o parent_n concurrent_a receptacle_n or_o matrix_n and_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o natural_a heat_n and_o moisture_n i_o be_v go_v to_o annex_v a_o little_a draught_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o those_o nut_n send_v out_o of_o devonshire_n but_o chance_v to_o examine_v mr._n parkinson_n herbal_a for_o something_o else_o and_o particular_o about_o gall_n and_o oak-apple_n i_o find_v among_o no_o less_o than_o 24._o several_a kind_n of_o excrescency_n of_o the_o oak_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o upon_o examination_n will_v be_v all_o find_v to_o be_v the_o matrix_n of_o so_o many_o several_a kind_n of_o infect_v i_o have_v observe_v many_o of_o they_o myself_o to_o be_v so_o among_o 24._o several_a kind_n i_o say_v i_o find_v one_o describe_v and_o figure_v direct_o like_o that_o which_o i_o have_v by_o i_o the_o scheme_n be_v there_o to_o be_v see_v the_o description_n because_o but_o short_a i_o have_v here_o adjoin_v theatri_fw-la botanici_fw-la trib_o 16._o chap._n 2._o there_o grow_v at_o the_o root_n of_o old_a oak_n in_o the_o springtime_n and_o semetimes_o also_o in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o summer_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o mushroom_n or_o excrescence_n call_v wa_z quercina_fw-la swell_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n many_o grow_a one_o close_o unto_o another_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o grape_n and_o therefore_o take_v the_o name_n the_o oak-grape_n and_o be_v of_o a_o purplish_a colour_n on_o the_o outside_n schem_n xxviii_o and_o white_a within_o like_a milk_n and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n become_v hard_a and_o woody_a whether_o this_o be_v the_o very_a same_o kind_n i_o can_v affirm_v but_o both_o the_o picture_n and_o description_n come_v very_o near_o to_o that_o i_o have_v but_o that_o he_o seem_v not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o hollowness_n or_o worm_n for_o which_o it_o be_v most_o observable_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a if_o man_n do_v but_o take_v notice_n they_o may_v find_v very_o many_o differ_a species_n of_o these_o nut_n ovary_n or_o matrix_n and_o all_o of_o they_o to_o have_v much_o the_o same_o designation_n and_o office_n and_o i_o have_v very_o late_o find_v several_a kind_n of_o excrescency_n on_o tree_n and_o shrub_n which_o have_v endure_v the_o winter_n upon_o open_v they_o i_o find_v most_o of_o they_o to_o contain_v little_a worm_n but_o dead_a those_o thing_n that_o contain_v they_o be_v wither_v and_o dry_a obseru._n xliv_o of_o the_o tusted_a or_o brush-borned_a gnat._n this_o little_a creature_n be_v one_o of_o those_o multitude_n that_o fill_v our_o english_a air_n all_o the_o time_n that_o warm_a weather_n last_v and_o be_v exact_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o that_o i_o observe_v to_o be_v generate_v and_o hatch_v out_o of_o those_o little_a infect_v that_o wriggle_v up_o and_o down_o in_o rain-water_n but_o though_o many_o be_v of_o this_o form_n yet_o i_o observe_v other_o to_o be_v of_o quite_o other_o kind_n nor_o be_v all_o of_o this_o or_o the_o other_o kind_n generate_v out_o of_o water_n infect_v for_o whereas_o i_o observe_v that_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o those_o infect_v be_v at_o their_o full_a growth_n i_o have_v also_o find_v multitude_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n but_o much_o small_a and_o tender_a seem_n to_o be_v very_o young_a one_o creep_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o the_o leaf_n of_o tree_n and_o fly_v up_o and_o down_o in_o small_a cluster_n in_o place_n very_o remote_a from_o water_n and_o this_o spring_n i_o oberve_v one_o day_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v very_o calm_a and_o the_o afternoon_n very_o fair_a and_o pretty_a warm_a though_o it_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v very_o cold_a weather_n and_o the_o wind_n continue_v still_o in_o the_o east_n several_a small_a swarm_n of_o they_o play_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o little_a cloud_n in_o the_o sun_n each_o of_o which_o be_v not_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o of_o these_o i_o here_o have_v delineate_v though_o very_o much_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n which_o make_v i_o guess_v that_o each_o of_o those_o swarm_n may_v be_v the_o offspring_n of_o one_o only_a gnat_n which_o have_v be_v hoard_a up_o in_o some_o safe_a repository_n all_o this_o winter_n by_o some_o provident_a parent_n and_o be_v now_o by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o spring-air_n hatch_v into_o little_a fly_n and_o indeed_o so_o various_a and_o seem_o irregular_a be_v the_o generation_n or_o production_n of_o infect_v that_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o and_o diligent_o observe_v the_o several_a method_n of_o nature_n therein_o will_v have_v infinite_o cause_n further_o to_o admire_v the_o wisdom_n and_o providence_n of_o the_o creator_n for_o not_o only_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o creature_n may_v be_v produce_v from_o several_a kind_n of_o way_n but_o the_o very_a same_o creature_n may_v produce_v several_a kind_n for_o as_o divers_a watch_n may_v be_v make_v out_o of_o several_a material_n which_o may_v yet_o have_v all_o the_o same_o appearance_n and_o move_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o be_v sâ—â—w_v the_o hour_n equal_o true_a the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o and_o out_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o matter_n like_o watch_n may_v be_v wrought_v differ_v way_n and_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o watch_n may_v by_o be_v diverse_o agitate_a or_o move_v by_o this_o or_o that_o agent_n or_o after_o this_o or_o that_o manner_n produce_v a_o quite_o contrary_a effect_n so_o may_v it_o be_v with_o these_o most_o curious_a engine_n of_o insect_n body_n the_o alwise_a god_n of_o nature_n may_v have_v so_o order_v and_o dispose_v the_o little_a automatons_n that_o when_o nourish_v act_v or_o enliven_v by_o this_o cause_n they_o produce_v one_o kind_n of_o effect_n or_o animate_v shape_n when_o by_o another_o they_o act_n quite_o another_o way_n and_o another_o animal_n be_v produce_v so_o may_v he_o so_o order_v several_a material_n as_o to_o make_v they_o by_o several_a kind_n of_o method_n produce_v similar_v automatons_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o this_o insect_n as_o it_o appear_v through_o a_o microscope_n of_o which_o a_o representation_n be_v make_v in_o the_o 28._o scheme_n it_o be_v head_n a_o be_v exceed_v small_a in_o proportion_n to_o its_o body_n consist_v of_o two_o cluster_n of_o pearl_a eye_n bb_v on_o each_o side_n of_o its_o head_n who_o pearl_n or_o eyeball_n be_v curious_o range_v like_o those_o of_o other_o fly_n between_o these_o in_o the_o forehead_n of_o it_o there_o be_v place_v upon_o two_o small_a black_a ball_n cc_o two_o long_o joint_v horn_n taper_v towards_o the_o top_n much_o resemble_v the_o long_a horn_n of_o lobster_n each_o of_o who_o stem_n or_o quill_n dd_a be_v bristle_a or_o brush_v with_o multitude_n of_o small_a stiff_a hair_n issue_v out_o every_o way_n from_o the_o several_a joint_n like_o the_o string_n or_o sprouting_n of_o the_o herb_n horse-tail_n which_o be_v oft_o observe_v to_o grow_v among_o corn_n and_o for_o the_o whole_a shape_n it_o do_v very_o much_o resemble_v those_o brushy_a vegetable_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v two_o other_o joint_v and_o bristle_a horn_n or_o feeler_n i_o in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n and_o a_o proboseis_n f_o underneath_o which_o in_o some_o gnat_n be_v very_o long_o straight_o hollow_a pipe_n by_o which_o these_o creature_n be_v able_a to_o drill_v and_o penetrate_v the_o skin_n and_o thence_o through_o those_o pipe_n suck_v so_o much_o blood_n as_o to_o stuff_v their_o belly_n so_o full_a till_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v this_o small_a head_n with_o its_o appurtenance_n be_v fasten_v on_o by_o a_o short_a neck_n g_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o be_v large_a and_o seem_v case_v with_o a_o strong_a black_a shell_n hik_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o under_o part_n of_o which_o issue_n six_o long_a and_o slender_a leg_n llllll_n shape_v just_a like_o the_o leg_n of_o fly_n but_o spin_v or_o draw_v out_o long_o and_o slendere_a which_o can_v not_o be_v express_v in_o the_o figure_n because_o of_o their_o great_a length_n and_o from_o the_o upper_a part_n two_o oblong_a but_o slender_a transparent_a wing_n mm_o
find_v the_o like_a effect_n produce_v and_o in_o general_a wheresoever_o you_o meet_v with_o a_o transparent_a body_n thin_a enough_o that_o be_v terminate_v by_o reflect_a body_n of_o differ_v refraction_n from_o it_o there_o will_v be_v a_o production_n of_o these_o please_a and_o lovely_a colour_n nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o the_o two_o terminate_a body_n shall_v be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o vitrified_a laminae_fw-la on_o steel_n lead_v and_o other_o metal_n one_o surface_n of_o which_o laminae_fw-la be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o metal_n the_o other_o to_o that_o of_o the_o air._n nor_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o these_o colour_v laminae_fw-la shall_v be_v of_o a_o even_a thickness_n that_o be_v shall_v have_v their_o edge_n and_o middle_n of_o equal_a thickness_n as_o in_o a_o looking-glass-plate_n which_o circumstance_n be_v only_o requisite_a to_o make_v the_o plate_n appear_v all_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n 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and_o those_o subcollateral_a and_o those_o latero_fw-la subcollateral_a etc._n etc._n and_o all_o those_o much_o after_o the_o same_o order_n with_o the_o branching_n division_n and_o subdivision_n in_o the_o branching_n of_o these_o figure_n in_o freeze_a urine_n so_o that_o if_o the_o figure_n of_o both_o be_v well_o consider_v one_o will_v guess_v that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o great_a need_n of_o a_o seminal_a principle_n for_o the_o production_n of_o fearn_n then_o for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o urine_n or_o the_o stella_fw-la martis_fw-la there_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o much_o form_n and_o beauty_n in_o the_o one_o as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o indeed_o this_o plant_n of_o fearn_n if_o all_o particular_n be_v well_o consider_v will_v seem_v of_o as_o simple_a and_o uncompounded_a a_o form_n as_o any_o vegetable_a next_o to_o mould_n or_o mushroom_n and_o will_v next_o after_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o form_n of_o those_o deserve_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o 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line_n schem_n xxxvii_o i_o can_v produce_v many_o more_o example_n and_o experiment_n to_o illustrate_v and_o prove_v this_o first_o proposition_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o constitution_n of_o some_o body_n as_o will_v cause_v inflection_n as_o not_o to_o mention_v those_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o horn_n tortoise-shell_n transparent_a gum_n and_o resinous_a substance_n the_o vein_n of_o glass_n nay_o of_o melt_a crystal_n find_v and_o much_o complain_v of_o by_o glass-grinder_n and_o other_o may_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o to_o any_o diligent_a observator_fw-la but_o that_o i_o presume_v i_o have_v by_o this_o example_n give_v proof_n sufficient_a viz._n ocular_a demonstration_n to_o evince_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o modulation_n or_o bend_v of_o the_o ray_n of_o light_n as_o i_o have_v call_v inflection_n differ_v both_o from_o reflection_n and_o refraction_n since_o they_o be_v both_o make_v in_o the_o superficies_n this_o only_a in_o the_o middle_a and_o likewise_o that_o this_o be_v able_a or_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n i_o have_v ascribe_v to_o it_o it_o remain_v therefore_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o property_n in_o the_o air_n and_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v all_o the_o above_o mention_v phaenomena_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v the_o principal_a if_o not_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o they_o first_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o property_n may_v be_v prove_v from_o this_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o condense_v other_o more_o rarify_v either_o by_o the_o differ_a heat_n or_o differ_v pressure_n it_o sustain_v or_o by_o the_o somewhat_o heterogeneous_a vapour_n intersperse_v through_o it_o for_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o or_o less_o rarify_v so_o do_v it_o more_o or_o less_o refract_v a_o ray_n of_o light_n that_o come_v out_o of_o a_o denser_n medium_n from_o the_o perpendicular_a this_o you_o may_v find_v true_a if_o you_o make_v trial_n of_o this_o experiment_n take_v a_o small_a glass-bubble_n make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o that_o in_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o the_o 37._o scheme_n and_o by_o heat_n the_o glass_n very_o hot_a and_o thereby_o very_a much_o rarify_n the_o include_v air_n or_o which_o be_v better_o by_o rarify_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n include_v in_o it_o into_o vapour_n which_o will_v expel_v the_o most_o part_n if_o not_o all_o the_o air_n and_o then_o seal_v up_o the_o small_a neck_n of_o it_o and_o let_v it_o cool_a you_o may_v find_v if_o you_o place_v it_o in_o a_o convenient_a instrument_n that_o there_o will_v be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n as_o to_o the_o refraction_n as_o if_o in_o this_o second_o figure_n you_o suppose_v a_o to_o represent_v a_o small_a sight_n or_o hole_n through_o which_o the_o eye_n look_v upon_o a_o object_n as_o c_o through_o the_o glass-bubble_n b_o and_o the_o second_o sight_n l_o all_o which_o remain_v exact_o fix_v in_o their_o several_a place_n the_o object_n c_o being_n so_o cize_v and_o place_v that_o it_o may_v just_o seem_v to_o touch_v the_o upper_a and_o under_o edge_n of_o the_o hole_n l_o and_o so_o all_o of_o it_o be_v see_v through_o the_o small_a glass-ball_n of_o rarify_v air_n then_o by_o break_v off_o the_o small_a seal_a neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n without_o at_o all_o stir_v the_o sight_n object_n or_o glass_n and_o admit_v the_o external_a air_n you_o will_v find_v yourself_o unable_a to_o see_v the_o utmost_a end_n of_o the_o object_n but_o the_o terminate_a ray_n ae_n and_o ad_fw-la which_o be_v before_o refract_v to_o g_z and_o f_o by_o the_o rarefy_v air_n will_v proceed_v almost_o direct_o to_o i_o and_o h_n which_o alteration_n of_o the_o ray_n see_v there_o be_v no_o other_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v save_v only_o the_o admission_n or_o exclusion_n of_o the_o condense_v air_n must_v necessary_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o medium_n contain_v in_o the_o glass_n b_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o the_o make_n of_o which_o experiment_n be_v from_o the_o uneven_a surface_n of_o the_o bubble_n which_o will_v represent_v a_o uneven_a image_n of_o the_o object_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o difference_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v clear_a enough_o evince_v from_o the_o late_a improvement_n of_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n which_o have_v be_v try_v at_o the_o top_n and_o foot_n of_o mountain_n and_o may_v be_v further_o illustrate_v and_o inquire_v into_o by_o a_o mean_n which_o some_o while_n since_o i_o think_v of_o and_o use_v for_o the_o find_n by_o what_o degree_n the_o air_n pass_v from_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o density_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o rarity_n and_o another_o for_o the_o find_v what_o pressure_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o pass_v from_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o a_o determinate_a density_n which_o 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hard_a and_o more_o especial_o that_o the_o air_n may_v come_v to_o its_o temper_n natural_a for_o the_o day_n i_o try_v the_o experiment_n in_o i_o observe_v diligent_o and_o find_v the_o include_v air_n to_o be_v exact_o a_o inch._n here_o you_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o after_o the_o air_n be_v seal_v up_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o to_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o box_n till_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o within_o the_o tube_n be_v equal_a to_o it_o for_o the_o quicksilver_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v be_v more_o heterogeneous_a to_o the_o glass_n than_o the_o air_n will_v not_o natural_o rise_v up_o so_o high_a within_o the_o small_a pipe_n
of_o it_o be_v too_o large_a to_o be_v comprehend_v and_o some_o too_o little_a to_o be_v perceive_v and_o from_o thence_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o not_o have_v a_o full_a sensation_n of_o the_o object_n we_o must_v be_v very_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a in_o our_o conception_n about_o it_o and_o in_o all_o the_o proposition_n which_o we_o build_v upon_o it_o hence_o we_o often_o take_v the_o shadow_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o substance_n small_a appearance_n for_o good_a similitude_n similitude_n for_o definition_n and_o even_o many_o of_o those_o which_o we_o think_v to_o be_v the_o most_o solid_a definition_n be_v rather_o expression_n of_o our_o own_o misguide_a apprehension_n then_o of_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o imperfection_n be_v manifest_v in_o different_a way_n according_a to_o the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o several_a mind_n of_o man_n some_o they_o incline_v to_o gross_a ignorance_n and_o stupidity_n 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and_o most_o impartial_a diligence_n must_v be_v employ_v the_o store_v up_o of_o all_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o evidence_n or_o use_n will_v only_o tend_v to_o darkness_n and_o confusion_n we_o must_v not_o therefore_o esteem_v the_o riches_n of_o our_o philosophical_a treasure_n by_o the_o number_n only_o but_o chief_o by_o the_o weight_n the_o most_o vulgar_a instance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v neglect_v but_o above_o all_o the_o most_o instructive_a be_v to_o be_v entertain_v the_o footstep_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v trace_v not_o only_o in_o her_o ordinary_a course_n but_o when_o she_o seem_v to_o be_v put_v to_o her_o shift_n to_o make_v many_o doubling_n and_o turn_n and_o to_o use_v some_o kind_n of_o art_n in_o endeavour_v to_o avoid_v our_o discovery_n the_o next_o care_n to_o be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v a_o supply_n of_o their_o infirmity_n with_o instrument_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o add_v of_o artificial_a organ_n to_o the_o natural_a this_o in_o one_o of_o they_o have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n accomplish_v with_o prodigious_a benefit_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o useful_a knowledge_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o optical_a glass_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o telescope_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o far_o distant_a but_o may_v be_v represent_v to_o our_o view_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o microscope_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o small_a as_o to_o escape_v our_o inquiry_n hence_o there_o be_v a_o new_a visible_a world_n discover_v to_o the_o understanding_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o heaven_n be_v open_v and_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o new_a star_n and_o new_a motion_n and_o new_a production_n appear_v in_o they_o to_o which_o all_o the_o ancient_a astronomer_n be_v utter_o stranger_n by_o this_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o lie_v so_o near_o we_o under_o our_o foot_n show_v quite_o a_o new_a thing_n to_o we_o and_o in_o every_o little_a particle_n of_o its_o matter_n we_o now_o behold_v almost_o as_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o creature_n as_o we_o be_v able_a before_o to_o reckon_v up_o in_o the_o whole_a universe_n itself_o it_o seem_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o by_o these_o help_v the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o body_n the_o structure_n of_o their_o part_n the_o various_a texture_n of_o their_o matter_n the_o instrument_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o inward_a motion_n and_o all_o the_o other_o possible_a appearance_n of_o thing_n may_v come_v to_o be_v more_o full_o discover_v all_o which_o the_o ancient_a peripatetic_n be_v content_a to_o comprehend_v in_o two_o general_a and_o unless_o further_o explain_v useless_a word_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n from_o whence_o there_o may_v arise_v many_o admirable_a advantage_n towards_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o operative_a and_o the_o mechanic_n knowledge_n to_o which_o this_o age_n seem_v so_o much_o incline_v because_o we_o may_v perhaps_o be_v enable_v to_o discern_v all_o the_o secret_a work_n of_o nature_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o do_v those_o that_o be_v the_o production_n of_o art_n and_o be_v manage_v by_o wheel_n and_o engine_n and_o spring_n that_o be_v devise_v by_o humane_a wit._n in_o this_o kind_n i_o here_o present_a to_o the_o world_n my_o imperfect_a endeavour_n which_o though_o they_o shall_v prove_v no_o other_o way_n considerable_a yet_o i_o hope_v they_o may_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n useful_a to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o a_o reformation_n in_o philosophy_n if_o it_o be_v only_o by_o show_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o require_v towards_o it_o any_o strength_n of_o imagination_n or_o exactness_n of_o method_n or_o depth_n of_o contemplation_n though_o the_o addition_n of_o these_o where_o they_o can_v be_v have_v must_v needs_o produce_v a_o much_o more_o perfect_a composure_n as_o a_o sincere_a hand_n and_o a_o faithful_a eye_n to_o examine_v and_o to_o record_v the_o thing_n themselves_o as_o they_o appear_v and_o i_o beg_v my_o reader_n to_o let_v i_o take_v the_o boldness_n to_o assure_v he_o that_o in_o this_o present_a condition_n of_o knowledge_n a_o man_n so_o qualify_v as_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o be_v only_o with_o resolution_n and_o integrity_n and_o plain_a intention_n of_o employ_v his_o sense_n aright_o may_v venture_v to_o compare_v the_o reality_n and_o the_o usefulness_n of_o his_o service_n towards_o the_o true_a philosophy_n with_o those_o of_o other_o man_n that_o be_v of_o much_o strong_a and_o more_o acute_a speculation_n that_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o method_n by_o the_o sense_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o science_n of_o nature_n have_v be_v already_o too_o long_o make_v only_o a_o work_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o fancy_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n that_o it_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o plainness_n and_o soundness_n of_o observation_n on_o material_a and_o obvious_a thing_n it_o be_v say_v of_o great_a empire_n that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o decay_n be_v to_o 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i_o beseech_v he_o to_o look_v upon_o they_o only_o as_o doubtful_a problem_n and_o uncertain_a ghess_n and_o not_o as_o unquestionable_a conclusion_n or_o matter_n of_o unconfutable_a science_n i_o have_v produce_v nothing_o here_o with_o intent_n to_o bind_v his_o understanding_n to_o a_o implicit_a consent_n i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o that_o that_o i_o desire_v he_o not_o absolute_o to_o rely_v upon_o these_o observation_n of_o my_o eye_n if_o he_o find_v they_o contradict_v by_o the_o future_a ocular_a experiment_n of_o sober_a and_o impartial_a discoverer_n as_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v obtain_v my_o end_n if_o these_o my_o small_a labour_n shall_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o take_v up_o some_o place_n in_o the_o large_a stock_n of_o natural_a observation_n which_o so_o many_o hand_n be_v busy_a in_o provide_v if_o i_o have_v contribute_v the_o mean_a foundation_n whereon_o other_o may_v raise_v noble_a superstructure_n i_o be_o abundant_o satisfy_v and_o all_o my_o ambition_n be_v that_o i_o may_v serve_v to_o the_o great_a philosopher_n of_o this_o age_n as_o the_o maker_n and_o the_o grinder_n of_o my_o glass_n do_v to_o i_o that_o i_o may_v prepare_v and_o furnish_v they_o with_o some_o material_n which_o they_o may_v afterward_o order_v and_o manage_v with_o better_a skill_n and_o to_o far_o great_a advantage_n the_o next_o remedy_n in_o this_o universal_a cure_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o memory_n and_o they_o be_v to_o consist_v of_o such_o direction_n as_o may_v inform_v we_o what_o thing_n be_v best_a to_o be_v store_v up_o for_o our_o purpose_n and_o which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o so_o dispose_v they_o that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o be_v keep_v in_o safety_n but_o ready_a and_o convenient_a to_o be_v at_o any_o time_n produce_v for_o use_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v but_o i_o will_v not_o here_o prevent_v myself_o in_o what_o i_o may_v say_v in_o another_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o shall_v make_v a_o 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the_o memory_n to_o be_v continue_v by_o the_o reason_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o stop_v there_o but_o to_o come_v about_o to_o the_o hand_n and_o eye_n again_o and_o so_o by_o a_o continual_a passage_n round_o from_o one_o faculty_n to_o another_o it_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v in_o life_n and_o strength_n as_o much_o as_o the_o body_n of_o man_n be_v by_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o arm_n the_o fat_a the_o lung_n the_o heart_n and_o the_o head_n if_o once_o this_o method_n be_v follow_v with_o diligence_n and_o attention_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o lie_v within_o the_o power_n of_o human_a wit_n or_o which_o be_v far_o more_o effectual_a of_o human_a industry_n which_o we_o may_v not_o compass_v we_o may_v not_o only_o hope_v for_o invention_n to_o equalise_v those_o of_o copernicus_n galileo_n gilbert_n harvy_n and_o of_o other_o who_o name_n be_v almost_o lose_v that_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o gunpowder_n the_o seaman_n compass_n printing_n etch_v grave_v microscope_n etc._n etc._n but_o multitude_n that_o may_v far_o exceed_v they_o for_o even_o those_o discovery_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o product_n of_o some_o such_o method_n though_o but_o imperfect_a what_o may_v not_o be_v therefore_o expect_v from_o it_o if_o thorough_o prosecute_v talk_v and_o contention_n of_o argument_n will_v soon_o be_v turn_v into_o labour_n all_o the_o fine_a dream_n of_o opinion_n and_o universal_a metaphysical_a nature_n which_o the_o luxury_n of_o subtle_a brain_n have_v devise_v will_v quick_o vanish_v and_o give_v place_n to_o solid_a history_n experiment_n and_o work_n and_o as_o at_o first_o mankind_n fall_v by_o taste_v of_o the_o forbid_a tree_n of_o knowledge_n so_o we_o their_o posterity_n may_v be_v in_o part_n restore_v by_o the_o same_o way_n not_o only_o by_o behold_v and_o contemplate_v but_o by_o taste_v too_o those_o fruit_n of_o natural_a knowledge_n that_o be_v never_o yet_o forbid_v from_o hence_o the_o world_n may_v be_v assist_v with_o variety_n of_o invention_n new_a matter_n for_o science_n may_v be_v collect_v the_o old_a improve_v and_o their_o rust_n rub_v away_o and_o as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o sense_n that_o we_o receive_v all_o our_o skill_n in_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n so_o they_o also_o may_v be_v wonderful_o benefit_v by_o it_o and_o may_v be_v guide_v to_o a_o easy_a and_o more_o exact_a performance_n of_o their_o office_n it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o that_o we_o may_v find_v out_o wherein_o our_o sense_n be_v deficient_a and_o as_o easy_o find_v way_n of_o repair_v they_o the_o endeavour_n of_o skilful_a man_n have_v be_v most_o conversant_a about_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o many_o noble_a production_n have_v follow_v upon_o it_o and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o there_o be_v a_o way_n open_v for_o advance_v the_o operation_n not_o only_o of_o all_o other_o sense_n but_o even_o of_o the_o eye_n itself_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o do_v ought_v not_o to_o content_v we_o but_o rather_o to_o encourage_v we_o to_o proceed_v further_o and_o to_o attempt_v great_a thing_n in_o the_o same_o and_o different_a way_n it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v yet_o invent_v several_a other_o help_n for_o the_o eye_n as_o much_o exceed_v those_o already_o find_v as_o those_o do_v the_o bare_a eye_n such_o as_o by_o which_o we_o may_v perhaps_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v live_v creature_n in_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o planet_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o compound_v particle_n of_o matter_n and_o the_o particular_a schematism_n and_o texture_n of_o body_n and_o as_o glass_n have_v high_o promote_v our_o see_v so_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v find_v many_o mechanical_a invention_n to_o