end_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v that_o those_o axiom_n be_v not_o indemonstrable_a &_o therefore_o not_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n and_o from_o hence_o learn_v to_o be_v wary_a how_o he_o admit_v any_o thing_n for_o a_o principle_n which_o be_v not_o at_o least_o as_o evident_a as_o these_o be_v great_a be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o who_o part_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a of_o another_o now_o if_o we_o suppose_v any_o whole_a to_o be_v a_o and_o a_o part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v b_o seeing_z the_o whole_a b_o be_v equal_a to_o itself_o and_o the_o same_o b_o be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o therefore_o a_o part_n of_o a_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a b._n wherefore_o by_o the_o definition_n above_o a_o be_v great_a than_o b_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v chap._n ix_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n 1_o action_n and_o passion_n what_o they_o be_v 2_o action_n and_o passion_n mediate_v and_o immediate_a 3_o cause_n simple_o take_v cause_o without_o which_o no_o effect_n follow_v or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n 4_o cause_n efficient_a and_o material_a 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v its_o effect_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v every_o effect_n have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n 6_o the_o generation_n of_o effect_n be_v continual_a what_o be_v the_o beginning_n in_o causation_n 7_o no_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v 8_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o patient_n if_o alike_o dispose_v produce_v like_o effect_n though_o at_o different_a time_n 9_o all_o mutation_n be_v motion_n 10_o contingent_a accident_n what_o they_o be_v 1_o a_o body_n be_v say_v to_o work_n upon_o or_o act_n that_o be_v to_o say_v do_v some_o thing_n to_o another_o body_n when_o it_o either_o generate_v or_o destroy_v some_o accident_n in_o it_o and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o a_o accident_n be_v generate_v or_o destroy_v be_v say_v to_o suffer_v that_o be_v to_o have_v something_o do_v to_o it_o by_o another_o body_n as_o when_o one_o body_n by_o put_v forward_o another_o body_n generate_v motion_n in_o it_o it_o be_v call_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o motion_n be_v so_o generate_v be_v call_v the_o patient_n so_o fire_n that_o warm_v the_o hand_n be_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v warm_v be_v the_o patient_n that_o accident_n which_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o patient_n be_v call_v the_o effect_n 2_o when_o a_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o one_o another_o their_o action_n and_o reason_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v immediate_a otherwise_o mediate_v and_o when_o another_o body_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o both_o it_o be_v then_o itself_o both_o a_o agent_n and_o a_o patient_n a_o agent_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o after_o it_o upon_o which_o it_o work_v and_o a_o patient_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o before_o it_o from_o which_o it_o suffer_v also_o if_o many_o body_n be_v so_o order_v that_o every_o two_o which_o be_v next_o to_o one_o another_o be_v contiguous_a than_o all_o those_o that_o be_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o be_v both_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o the_o first_o be_v a_o agent_n only_o and_o the_o last_o a_o patient_n only_o 3_o a_o agent_n be_v understand_v to_o produce_v its_o determine_a or_o certain_a effect_n in_o the_o patient_n according_a to_o some_o certain_a accident_n or_o accident_n with_o which_o both_o it_o and_o the_o patient_n be_v affect_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o agent_n have_v its_o effect_n precise_o such_o not_o because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o such_o a_o body_n or_o so_o move_v for_o otherwise_o all_o agent_n see_v they_o be_v all_o body_n alike_o will_v produce_v like_o effect_n in_o all_o patient_n and_o therefore_o the_o fire_n for_o example_n do_v not_o warm_a because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v hot_a nor_o do_v one_o body_n put_v forward_o another_o body_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v move_v into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o other_o body_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o all_o effect_n consist_v in_o certain_a accident_n both_o in_o the_o agent_n and_o in_o the_o patient_n which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o present_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v but_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o that_o accident_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o patient_n without_o which_o the_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v be_v call_v causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n as_o also_o the_o cause_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n but_o a_o cause_n simple_o or_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n both_o of_o the_o agent_n how_o many_o soever_o they_o be_v and_o of_o the_o patient_n put_v together_o which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n and_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o produce_v 4_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o and_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o patient_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v usual_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n i_o say_v the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o effect_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v a_o cause_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v be_v call_v a_o effect_n but_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n be_v both_o but_o partial_a cause_n or_o part_n of_o that_o cause_n which_o in_o the_o next_o precedent_n article_n i_o call_v a_o entire_a cause_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o effect_v we_o expect_v though_o the_o agent_n be_v not_o defective_a on_o their_o part_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v frustrate_v by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o patient_n and_o when_o the_o patient_n be_v sufficient_a by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o agent_n 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o the_o production_n of_o its_o effect_n if_o the_o effect_v be_v at_o all_o possible_a for_o let_v any_o effect_n whatsoever_o be_v propound_v to_o be_v produce_v if_o the_o same_o be_v produce_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n which_o produce_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o yet_o be_v possible_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o something_o be_v want_v either_o in_o some_o agent_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n without_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v that_o some_o accident_n be_v want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o its_o production_n and_o therefore_o that_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v it_o follow_v also_o from_o hence_o that_o in_o whatsoever_o instant_n the_o cause_n be_v entire_a in_o the_o same_o instant_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v something_o be_v still_o want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a as_o be_v suppose_v and_o see_v a_o necessary_a cause_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v suppose_v the_o effect_n can_v but_o follow_v this_o also_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o any_o time_n the_o same_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v produce_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v produce_v have_v a_o entire_a cause_n that_o be_v have_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v suppose_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v that_o be_v it_o have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v hereafter_o to_o be_v produce_v shall_v have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n so_o that_o all_o the_o effect_n that_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v produce_v have_v their_o ne_n cessity_n in_o thing_n antecedent_n 6_o and_o from_o this_o that_o whensoever_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o causation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o effect_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a continual_a progress_n so_o that_o as_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a mutation_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n by_o the_o work_n of_o other_o agent_n upon_o they_o so_o also_o the_o patient_n upon_o
which_o they_o work_v be_v continual_o alter_v and_o change_v for_o example_n as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o so_o also_o the_o effect_n thereof_o namely_o the_o heat_n of_o such_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o it_o &_o again_o of_o such_o other_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o they_o increase_v more_o &_o more_o according_o which_o be_v already_o no_o little_a argument_n that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n only_o the_o truth_n whereof_o shall_v be_v further_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o nine_o article_n but_o in_o this_o progress_n of_o causation_n that_o be_v of_o action_n and_o passion_n if_o any_o man_n comprehend_v in_o his_o imagination_n a_o part_n thereof_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o into_o part_n the_o first_o part_n or_o beginning_n of_o it_o can_v be_v consider_v otherwise_o then_o as_o action_n or_o cause_n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v consider_v as_o effect_v or_o passion_n than_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v something_o before_o it_o for_o its_o cause_n or_o action_n which_o can_v be_v for_o nothing_o can_v be_v before_o the_o beginning_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o last_o part_n be_v consider_v only_o as_o effect_v for_o it_o can_v be_v call_v cause_n if_o nothing_o follow_v it_o but_o after_o the_o last_o nothing_o follow_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o action_n the_o beginning_n and_o cause_n be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o intermediate_v part_n be_v both_o action_n and_o passion_n and_o cause_n and_o effect_v according_a as_o they_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o antecedent_n or_o subsequent_a part_n 7_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n except_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v for_o let_v there_o be_v any_o two_o body_n which_o be_v not_o contiguous_a and_o betwixt_o which_o the_o intermediate_v space_n be_v empty_a or_o if_o fill_v fill_v with_o another_o body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o let_v one_o of_o the_o propound_a body_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n i_o say_v it_o shall_v always_o be_v at_o rest._n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o 8_o chapter_n 19_o article_n will_v be_v in_o some_o external_a body_n and_o therefore_o if_o between_o it_o and_o that_o external_a body_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o empty_a space_n than_o whatsoever_o the_o disposition_n be_v of_o that_o external_a body_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n itself_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v now_o at_o rest_n we_o may_v conceive_v it_o will_v continue_v so_o till_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n but_o see_v cause_n by_o the_o definition_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o such_o accident_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v conceive_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v those_o accident_n which_o be_v either_o in_o external_a body_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n itself_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o future_a motion_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n see_v we_o may_v conceive_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v at_o rest_n will_v still_o be_v at_o rest_n though_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n except_o that_o other_o body_n be_v move_v therefore_o in_o a_o contiguous_a body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n in_o any_o body_n except_o it_o be_v contiguous_a and_o move_v the_o same_o reason_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v on_o in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n and_o consequent_o that_o no_o body_n either_o when_o they_o be_v at_o rest_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o interposition_n of_o vacuum_n can_v generate_v or_o extinguish_v or_o lesson_n motion_n in_o other_o body_n there_o be_v one_o that_o have_v write_v that_o thing_n move_v be_v more_o resist_v by_o thing_n at_o rest_n then_o by_o thing_n contrary_o move_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o conceive_v motion_n not_o to_o be_v so_o contrary_a to_o motion_n as_o rest._n that_o which_o deceive_v he_o be_v that_o the_o word_n rest_v and_o motion_n be_v but_o contradictory_n name_n whereas_o motion_n indeed_o be_v not_o resist_v by_o rest_n but_o by_o contrary_a motion_n 8_o but_o if_o a_o body_n work_v upon_o another_o body_n at_o one_o time_n and_o afterward_o the_o same_o body_n work_v upon_o the_o same_o body_n at_o another_o time_n so_o that_o both_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o all_o their_o part_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v and_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n except_o only_o in_o time_n that_o be_v that_o one_o action_n be_v former_a the_o other_o late_a in_o time_n it_o be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v equal_a and_o like_a as_o not_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n beside_o time_n and_o as_o effect_n themselves_o proceed_v from_o their_o cause_n so_o the_o diversity_n of_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o cause_n also_o 9_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o mutation_n can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v change_v for_o first_o we_o do_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v change_v but_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n otherwise_o than_o it_o appear_v former_o second_o both_o those_o appearance_n be_v effect_n produce_v in_o the_o sentient_a &_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v different_a it_o be_v necessary_a by_o the_o precede_a article_n that_o either_o some_o part_n of_o the_o agent_n which_o be_v former_o at_o rest_n be_v now_o move_v and_o so_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o motion_n or_o some_o part_n which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o otherwise_o move_v and_o so_o also_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o new_a motion_n or_o which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o at_o rest_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v above_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v without_o motion_n and_o so_o again_o mutation_n be_v motion_n or_o last_o it_o happen_v in_o some_o of_o these_o manner_n to_o the_o patient_n or_o some_o of_o its_o part_n so_o that_o mutation_n howsoever_o it_o be_v make_v will_v consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v or_o of_o the_o sentient_a body_n or_o of_o both_o mutation_n therefore_o be_v motion_n namely_o of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o rest_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n proceed_v from_o it_o see_v neither_o motion_n nor_o mutation_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o it_o 10_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o accident_n which_o precede_v they_o or_o be_v before_o they_o in_o time_n &_o upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o upon_o their_o cause_n be_v call_v contingent_a accident_n i_o say_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o they_o be_v not_o generate_v for_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o cause_n all_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v with_o equal_a necessity_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o which_o of_o thing_n generate_v be_v not_o intelligible_a chap._n x._o of_o power_n and_o act._n 1_o power_n and_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2_o a_o act_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a 3_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a power_n 4_o a_o act_n when_o say_v to_o be_v possible_a 5_o a_o act_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a what_o 6_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n 7_o cause_v formal_n and_o final_a what_o they_o be_v 1correspondent_a to_o cause_n and_o effect_n be_v power_n and_o act_n nay_o those_o and_o these_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n though_o for_o divers_a consideration_n they_o have_v divers_a name_n forwhensoever_o any_o agent_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o patient_n than_o we_o say_v that_o agent_n have_v power_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n but_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n those_o accident_n constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o accident_n which_o constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n constitute_v also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o they_o be_v consider_v with_o this_o difference_n that_o cause_o be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n already_o
produce_v and_o power_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o same_o effect_n to_o be_v produce_v hereafter_o so_o that_o cause_o respect_v the_o past_a power_n the_o future_a time_n also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v active_a power_n in_o like_a manner_n whensoever_o any_o patient_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o it_o be_v requisite_a it_o shall_v have_v for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o it_o we_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o that_o patient_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o fit_a agent_n but_o those_o accident_n as_o be_v define_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n constitute_v the_o material_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o patient_n common_o call_v passive_a power_n and_o material_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o with_o this_o different_a consideration_n that_o in_o cause_n the_o past_a time_n and_o in_o power_n the_o future_a be_v respect_v wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n together_o which_o may_v be_v call_v entire_a or_o plenary_a power_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o entire_a cause_n for_o they_o both_o consist_v in_o the_o sum_n or_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n as_o well_o in_o the_o agent_n as_o in_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n last_o as_o the_o accident_n produce_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n call_v a_o effect_n so_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n it_o be_v call_v a_o act._n 2_o as_o therefore_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a so_o also_o every_o act_n that_o may_v be_v produce_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a and_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o effect_n but_o from_o a_o sufficient_a and_o necessary_a cause_n so_o also_o no_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v but_o by_o sufficient_a power_n or_o that_o power_n by_o which_o it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v produce_v 3_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a as_o i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n be_v several_o and_o by_o themselves_o part_v only_o of_o a_o entire_a cause_n and_o can_v produce_v any_o effect_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o so_o also_o power_n active_a and_o passive_a be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a and_o entire_a power_n nor_o except_o they_o be_v join_v can_v any_o act_n proceed_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o these_o power_n as_o i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o article_n be_v but_o conditional_a namely_o the_o agent_n have_v power_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n and_o the_o patient_n have_v power_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o agent_n otherwise_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v power_n nor_o can_v the_o accident_n which_o be_v in_o they_o several_o be_v proper_o call_v power_n nor_o any_o action_n be_v say_v to_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n alone_o or_o of_o the_o patient_n alone_o 4_o for_o that_o be_v a_o impossible_a act_n for_o the_o production_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o power_n plenary_a for_o see_v plenary_a power_n be_v that_o in_o which_o all_o thing_n concur_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o a_o act_n if_o the_o power_n shall_v never_o be_v plenary_a there_o will_v always_o be_v want_v some_o of_o those_o thing_n without_o which_o the_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v wherefore_o that_o act_n shall_v never_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v that_o act_n be_v impossible_a and_o every_o act_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a be_v possible_a every_o act_n therefore_o which_o be_v possible_a shall_v at_o some_o time_n be_v produce_v for_o if_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v produce_v than_o those_o thing_n shall_v never_o concur_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o it_o wherefore_o that_o act_n be_v impossible_a by_o the_o definition_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v 5_o a_o necessary_a act_n be_v that_o the_o production_n whereof_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o hinder_v and_o therefore_o every_o act_n that_o shall_v be_v produce_v shall_v necessary_o be_v produce_v for_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v produce_v be_v impossible_a because_o as_o be_v already_o demonstrate_v every_o possible_a act_n shall_v at_o some_o time_n be_v produce_v nay_o this_o proposition_n what_o shall_v be_v shall_v be_v be_v as_o necessary_a a_o proposition_n as_o this_o a_o man_n be_v a_o man._n but_o here_o perhaps_o some_o man_n may_v ask_v whether_o those_o future_a thing_n which_o be_v common_o call_v contingent_n be_v necessary_a i_o say_v therefore_o that_o general_o all_o contingent_n have_v their_o necessary_a cause_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n but_o be_v call_v contingent_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o event_n upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o the_o rain_n which_o shall_v be_v to_o morrow_n shall_v be_v necessary_o that_o be_v from_o necessary_a cause_n but_o we_o think_v and_o say_v it_o happen_v by_o chance_n because_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o perceive_v the_o cause_n thereof_o though_o they_o exist_v now_o for_o man_n common_o call_v that_o casual_a or_o contingent_a whereof_o they_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o use_v to_o speak_v of_o thing_n past_a when_o not_o know_v whether_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v or_o no_o they_o say_v it_o be_v possible_a it_o never_o be_v do_v wherefore_o all_o proposition_n concern_v future_a thing_n contingent_a or_o not_o contingent_a as_o this_o it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o this_o to_o morrow_n the_o sun_n will_v rise_v be_v either_o necessary_o true_a or_o necessary_o false_a but_o we_o call_v they_o contingent_a because_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o know_v whether_o they_o be_v true_a or_o false_a whereas_o their_o verity_n depend_v not_o upon_o our_o knowledge_n but_o upon_o the_o forego_n of_o their_o cause_n but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o though_o they_o confess_v this_o whole_a proposition_n to_o morrow_n it_o will_v either_o rain_n or_o not_o rain_n to_o be_v true_a yet_o they_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o to_z morrow_n it_o will_v rain_v or_o to_o morrow_n it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o be_v either_o of_o they_o true_a by_o itself_o because_o they_o say_v neither_o this_o nor_o that_o be_v true_a determinate_o but_o what_o be_v this_o determinate_o true_a but_o true_a upon_o our_o knowledge_n or_o evident_o true_a and_o therefore_o they_o say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o no_o but_o they_o say_v it_o more_o obscure_o and_o darken_v the_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n with_o the_o same_o word_n with_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o hide_v their_o own_o ignorance_n 6_o in_o the_o 9th_o article_n of_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o motion_n and_o mutation_n consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n and_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o efficient_a cause_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o all_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n also_o and_o that_o power_n be_v not_o a_o certain_a accident_n which_o differ_v from_o all_o act_n but_o be_v indeed_o a_o act_n namely_o motion_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v power_n because_o another_o act_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o it_o afterward_o for_o example_n if_o of_o three_o body_n the_o first_o put_v forward_o the_o second_o and_o this_o the_o three_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o first_o which_o produce_v it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o body_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o it_o be_v the_o active_a power_n of_o the_o same_o second_o body_n 7_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n reckon_v up_o two_o other_o cause_n beside_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a namely_o the_o essence_n which_o some_o call_v the_o formal_a cause_n and_o the_o end_n or_o final_a cause_n both_o which_o be_v nevertheless_o efficient_a cause_n for_o when_o it_o be_v say_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o as_o to_o be_v rational_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o man_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o man_n which_o be_v not_o well_o say_v and_o yet_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o if_o i_o first_o know_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v rational_a i_o know_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o same_o be_v man_n but_o this_o be_v no_o
syllogism_n and_o they_o deceive_v not_o other_o often_o than_o they_o be_v themselves_o deceive_v for_o the_o force_n of_o that_o famous_a argument_n of_o zeno_n against_o motion_n consist_v in_o this_o proposition_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n infinite_a in_o number_n the_o same_o be_v infinite_a which_o he_o without_o doubt_n think_v to_o be_v true_a yet_o nevertheless_o be_v false_a for_o to_o be_v divide_v into_o infinite_a part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o be_v divide_v â—â—â—o_o as_o many_o part_n as_o any_o man_n will_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o a_o line_n shall_v have_v part_n infinite_a in_o number_n or_o be_v infinite_a because_o i_o can_v divide_v and_o subdivide_v it_o as_o often_o as_o i_o please_v for_o how_o many_o part_n soever_o i_o make_v yet_o their_o number_n be_v finite_a but_o because_o he_o that_o say_v part_n simple_o without_o add_v how_o many_o do_v not_o limit_v any_o number_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o hearer_n therefore_o we_o say_v common_o a_o line_n may_v be_v divide_v infinite_o which_o can_v be_v true_a in_o any_o other_o sense_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v concern_v syllogism_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o pace_n towards_o philosophy_n in_o which_o i_o have_v say_v as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o teach_v any_o man_n from_o whence_o all_o true_a argumentation_n have_v its_o force_n and_o to_o enlarge_v this_o treatise_n with_o all_o that_o may_v be_v heap_v together_o will_v be_v as_o superfluous_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v as_o i_o say_v before_o give_v a_o young_a child_n precept_n for_o the_o teach_n of_o he_o to_o go_v for_o the_o art_n of_o reason_v be_v not_o so_o well_o learn_v by_o precept_n as_o by_o practice_n and_o by_o the_o read_n of_o those_o book_n in_o which_o the_o conclusion_n be_v all_o make_v by_o severe_a demonstration_n and_o so_o i_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o way_n of_o philosophy_n that_o be_v to_o the_o method_n of_o study_n chap._n vi_o of_o method_n 1_o method_n and_o science_n define_v 2_o it_o be_v more_o easy_o know_v concern_v singular_a then_o universal_a thing_n that_o they_o be_v and_o contrary_o it_o iâ—_n more_o easy_o know_v concern_v universal_a then_o singular_a thing_n why_o they_o be_v or_o what_o be_v their_o cause_n 3_o what_o it_o be_v philosopher_n seek_v to_o know_v 4_o the_o first_o part_n by_o which_o principle_n be_v find_v out_o be_v pure_o analyticall_a 5_o the_o high_a cause_n and_o most_o universal_a in_o every_o kind_n be_v know_v by_o themselves_o 6_o method_n from_o principle_n fonnd_v out_o tend_v to_o science_n simple_o what_o it_o be_v 7_o that_o method_n of_o civil_a and_o natural_a science_n which_o proceed_v from_o sense_n to_o principle_n be_v analytical_a and_o again_o that_o which_o begin_v at_o principle_n be_v syntheticall_a 8_o the_o method_n of_o search_v out_o whether_o any_o thing_n propound_v be_v matter_n or_o accident_n 9_o the_o method_n of_o seek_v whether_o any_o accident_n be_v in_o this_o or_o in_o that_o subject_a 10_o the_o method_n of_o search_v after_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o effect_v propound_v 11_o word_n serve_v to_o invention_n as_o mark_v to_o demonstration_n as_o sign_n 12_o the_o method_n of_o demonstration_n be_v syntheticall_a 13_o definition_n only_o be_v primary_n and_o universal_a proposition_n 14_o the_o nature_n and_o definition_n of_o a_o definition_n 15_o the_o property_n of_o a_o definition_n 16_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o demonstration_n 17_o the_o property_n of_o a_o demonstration_n and_o order_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v 18_o the_o fault_n of_o a_o demonstration_n 19_o why_o the_o analyticall_a method_n of_o geometrician_n can_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o this_o place_n 1_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o method_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o repeat_v the_o definition_n of_o philosophy_n deliver_v above_o chap._n 1._o art_n 2._o in_o this_o manner_n philosophy_n be_v the_o knowledge_n we_o acquire_v by_o true_a ratiocination_n of_o appearance_n or_o apparent_a effect_n from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o some_o possible_a production_n or_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o such_o production_n as_o have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o the_o effect_n method_n therefore_o in_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n be_v the_o short_a way_n of_o find_v out_o effect_n by_o their_o know_a cause_n or_o of_o cause_n by_o their_o know_a effect_n but_o we_o be_v then_o say_v to_o know_v any_o effect_n when_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o same_o and_o in_o what_o subject_n those_o cause_n be_v and_o in_o what_o subject_n they_o produce_v that_o effect_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o work_v the_o same_o and_o this_o be_v the_o science_n of_o cause_n or_o as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o other_o science_n which_o be_v call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v either_o perception_n by_o sense_n or_o the_o imagination_n or_o memory_n remain_v after_o such_o perception_n the_o first_o beginning_n therefore_o of_o knowledge_n be_v the_o phantasm_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o phantasm_n we_o know_v well_o enough_o by_o nature_n but_o to_o know_v why_o they_o be_v or_o from_o what_o cause_n they_o proceed_v be_v the_o work_n of_o ratiocination_n which_o consist_v as_o be_v say_v above_o in_o the_o 1._o chap._n 2._o art_n in_o composition_n and_o division_n or_o resolution_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o method_n by_o which_o we_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o thing_n but_o be_v either_o compositive_a or_o resolutive_a or_o partly_o compositive_a and_o partly_o resolutive_a and_o the_o resolutive_a be_v common_o call_v analyticall_a method_n as_o the_o compositive_a be_v call_v syntheticall_a 2_o it_o be_v common_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o method_n to_o proceed_v from_o know_a thing_n to_o unknown_a and_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o cite_a definition_n of_o philosophy_n but_o in_o knowledge_n by_o sense_n the_o whole_a object_n be_v more_o know_v than_o any_o part_n thereof_o as_o when_o we_o see_v a_o man_n the_o conception_n or_o whole_a idea_n of_o that_o man_n be_v first_o or_o more_o know_v than_o the_o particular_a idea_n of_o his_o be_v figurate_a animate_v and_o rational_a that_o be_v we_o first_o see_v the_o whole_a man_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o be_v before_o we_o observe_v in_o he_o those_o other_o particular_n and_o therefore_o in_o any_o knowledge_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o our_o search_n be_v from_o the_o whole_a idea_n and_o contrary_o in_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o science_n we_o have_v more_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n then_o of_o the_o whole_a for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v compound_v before_o we_o can_v know_v the_o whole_a compound_v now_o by_o part_n i_o do_v not_o here_o mean_a part_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o part_n of_o its_o nature_n as_o by_o the_o part_n of_o man_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v his_o head_n his_o shoulder_n his_o arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o his_o figure_n quantity_n motion_n sense_n reason_n and_o the_o like_a which_o accident_n be_v compound_v or_o put_v together_o constitute_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o man_n but_o not_o the_o man_n himself_o and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o common_a say_n namely_o that_o some_o thing_n be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o other_o more_o know_v to_o nature_n for_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o they_o which_o so_o distinguish_v mean_v that_o something_o be_v know_v to_o nature_n which_o be_v know_v to_o no_o man_n and_o therefore_o by_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v thing_n we_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o by_o more_o know_v to_o nature_n those_o we_o acquire_v the_o knowledge_n of_o by_o reason_n for_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o have_v universal_a name_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o call_v universal_a be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o then_o the_o part_n that_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v name_n less_o universal_a which_o i_o therefore_o call_v singular_a and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n be_v more_o know_v to_o nature_n then_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v universall_n than_o singular_n 3_o in_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n man_n search_v after_o science_n either_o simple_o or_o
distance_n and_o the_o magnitude_n and_o splendour_n be_v see_v in_o more_o line_n and_o distance_n than_o one_o as_o it_o be_v in_o reflection_n or_o refraction_n than_o neither_o that_o splendour_n nor_o apparent_a magnitude_n be_v in_o the_o sun_n itself_o and_o therefore_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o that_o splendour_n and_o magnitude_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o air_n and_o other_o part_n will_v be_v reject_v till_o at_o last_o nothing_o remain_v which_o can_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o that_o splendour_n and_o magnitude_n but_o the_o sentient_n itself_o and_o this_o method_n in_o regard_n the_o subject_n be_v divide_v into_o part_n be_v analitycall_a and_o in_o regard_n the_o property_n both_o of_o the_o subject_a and_o accident_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o accident_n concern_v who_o subject_n the_o enquiry_n be_v make_v it_o be_v syntheticall_a 10_o but_o when_o we_o seek_v after_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o propound_a effect_n we_o 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not_o concur_v from_o such_o as_o concur_v to_o produce_v the_o say_a effect_n which_o be_v do_v we_o be_v to_o put_v together_o the_o concur_v accident_n and_o consider_v whether_o we_o can_v possible_o conceive_v that_o when_o these_o be_v all_o present_a the_o effect_v propound_v will_v not_o follow_v and_o if_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v then_o that_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n be_v the_o entire_a cause_n otherwise_o not_o but_o we_o must_v still_o search_v out_o and_o put_v together_o other_o accident_n for_o example_n if_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n be_v propound_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o first_o we_o examine_v thing_n without_o we_o and_o find_v that_o whensoever_o light_n appear_v there_o be_v some_o principal_a object_n as_o it_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o light_n without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v any_o perception_n of_o light_n and_o therefore_o the_o concurrence_n of_o that_o object_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o generation_n of_o light_n 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motion_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o last_o what_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sentient_n contribute_v namely_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o same_o motion_n to_o the_o last_o organ_n of_o sense_n the_o heart_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o cause_n of_o light_n may_v be_v make_v up_o of_o motion_n continue_v from_o the_o original_a of_o the_o same_o motion_n to_o the_o original_a of_o vital_a motion_n light_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o alteration_n of_o vital_a motion_n make_v by_o the_o impression_n upon_o it_o of_o motion_n continue_v from_o the_o object_n but_o i_o give_v this_o only_a for_o a_o example_n for_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o light_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o search_n out_o of_o cause_n there_o be_v need_v partly_o of_o the_o analyticall_a and_o partly_o of_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n of_o the_o analyticall_a to_o conceive_v how_o circumstance_n conduce_v several_o to_o the_o production_n of_o effect_n and_o of_o the_o syntheticall_a for_o the_o add_v together_o and_o compound_v of_o what_o they_o can_v effect_v single_o by_o themselves_o and_o thus_o much_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o method_n of_o invention_n it_o remain_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o method_n of_o teach_v that_o be_v of_o demonstration_n and_o of_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o we_o demonstrate_v 11_o in_o the_o method_n of_o invention_n the_o use_n of_o word_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o they_o may_v serve_v for_o mark_n by_o which_o whatsoever_o we_o have_v find_v out_o may_v be_v recall_v to_o memory_n for_o without_o this_o all_o our_o invention_n perish_v nor_o will_v it_o be_v possible_a for_o we_o to_o go_v on_o from_o principle_n beyond_o a_o syllogism_n or_o two_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o memory_n for_o example_n if_o any_o man_n by_o consider_v a_o triangle_n set_v before_o he_o shall_v find_v that_o all_o its_o angle_n together_o take_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n and_o that_o by_o think_v of_o the_o same_o tacit_o without_o any_o use_n of_o word_n either_o understand_v or_o express_v and_o it_o shall_v happen_v afterward_o that_o another_o triangle_n unlike_o the_o former_a or_o the_o same_o in_o different_a situation_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o his_o consideration_n he_o will_v not_o know_v ready_o whether_o the_o same_o property_n be_v in_o this_o last_o or_o no_o but_o will_v be_v force_v as_o often_o as_o a_o different_a triangle_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o and_o the_o difference_n of_o triangle_n be_v infinite_a to_o begin_v his_o contemplation_n anew_o which_o he_o will_v have_v no_o need_n to_o do_v if_o he_o have_v the_o use_n of_o name_n for_o every_o universal_a name_n denote_v the_o conception_n we_o have_v of_o infinite_a singular_a thing_n nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v above_o they_o serve_v as_o mark_v for_o the_o help_n of_o our_o memory_n whereby_o we_o register_v to_o ourselves_o our_o own_o invention_n but_o not_o as_o sign_n by_o which_o we_o declare_v the_o same_o to_o other_o so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v a_o philosopher_n alone_o by_o himself_o without_o any_o master_n adam_n have_v this_o capacity_n but_o to_o teach_v that_o be_v to_o demonstrate_v suppose_v two_o at_o the_o least_o and_o syllogistical_a speech_n 12_o and_o see_v teach_v be_v nothing_o but_o lead_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o we_o teach_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o invention_n in_o that_o track_n by_o which_o we_o attain_v the_o same_o with_o our_o own_o mind_n therefore_o the_o same_o method_n that_o serve_v for_o our_o invention_n will_v serve_v also_o for_o demonstration_n to_o other_o save_v that_o we_o omit_v the_o first_o part_n of_o method_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o sense_n of_o thing_n to_o universal_a principle_n which_o
which_o it_o be_v inscribe_v so_o that_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o spiral_n that_o be_v that_o space_n in_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v without_o the_o spiral_n line_n be_v double_a to_o the_o space_n within_o the_o spiral_n line_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o there_o be_v take_v a_o mean_a proportional_a every_o where_o between_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o circle_n which_o contain_v the_o spiral_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n which_o be_v within_o the_o same_o there_o will_v be_v make_v another_o figure_n which_o will_v be_v half_a the_o circle_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o rule_n serve_v for_o all_o such_o space_n as_o may_v be_v describe_v by_o a_o line_n or_o superficies_n decrease_v either_o in_o magnitude_n or_o power_n so_o that_o if_o the_o proportion_n in_o which_o they_o decrease_v be_v commensurable_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o decrease_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o figure_n they_o describe_v will_v be_v know_v 12_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o proposition_n which_o i_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o article_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v deficient_a figure_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o element_n of_o philosophy_n as_o have_v iâ—â—_n original_n in_o this_o that_o all_o equality_n and_o inequality_n between_o two_o effect_n that_o be_v all_o proportion_n proceed_v from_o and_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o equal_a and_o unequal_a cause_n of_o those_o effect_n or_o from_o the_o proportion_n which_o the_o cause_n concur_v to_o one_o effect_n have_v to_o the_o cause_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o other_o effect_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o quantity_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o cause_n see_v therefore_o two_o deficient_a figure_n of_o which_o one_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o other_o be_v make_v one_o by_o motion_n decrease_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o proportion_n the_o other_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o cause_n which_o make_v and_o determine_v the_o quantity_n of_o both_o the_o figure_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o they_o be_v differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o the_o proportion_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n which_o generate_v the_o figure_n proceed_v in_o describe_v of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o remainder_n of_o all_o the_o time_n and_o altitude_n may_v be_v other_o proportion_n then_o those_o by_o which_o the_o same_o generate_a quantity_n decrease_v in_o make_v the_o compliment_n of_o that_o figure_n that_o be_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quantity_n which_o generate_v the_o figure_n continual_o diminish_v wherefore_o as_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quantity_n in_o which_o motion_n be_v lose_v be_v to_o that_o of_o the_o decrease_a quantity_n by_o which_o the_o deficient_a figure_n be_v generate_v so_o will_v the_o defect_n or_o compliment_n be_v to_o the_o figure_n itself_o which_o be_v generate_v 13_o there_o be_v also_o other_o quantity_n which_o be_v determinable_a from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o cause_n namely_o from_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o that_o more_o easy_o then_o from_o the_o common_a element_n of_o geometry_n for_o example_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o any_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o circle_n who_o radius_fw-la be_v a_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o portion_n to_o the_o circumference_n of_o its_o base_a i_o may_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v b_o a_o c_o in_o the_o 7_o figure_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n who_o axis_n be_v a_o e_o &_o who_o base_a be_v b_o c_o &_o let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n a_o to_o the_o base_a in_o b_o and_o let_v a_o d_o equal_a to_o a_o b_o touch_v the_o great_a circle_n b_o a_o c_o in_o the_o pole_n a._n it_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o circle_n make_v by_o the_o radius_fw-la a_o d_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n b_o a_o c._n let_v the_o plain_n a_o e_o b_o d_o be_v understand_v to_o make_v a_o revolution_n about_o the_o axis_n a_o e_o &_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o by_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d_o a_o circle_n will_v be_v describe_v and_o by_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o a_o sphere_n and_o last_o by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b_o the_o superficies_n of_o a_o right_a cone_n now_o see_v both_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o b_o and_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o make_v one_o and_o the_o same_o revolution_n and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v the_o same_o extreme_a point_n a_o and_o b_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o arch_n be_v great_a than_o the_o conical_a superficies_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o subtense_n be_v that_o a_o b_o the_o arch_n be_v great_a than_o a_o b_o the_o subtense_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o it_o be_v great_a consist_v in_o this_o that_o although_o they_o be_v both_o draw_v from_o a_o to_o b_o yet_o the_o subtense_n be_v draw_v straight_o but_o the_o arch_n angular_o namely_o according_a to_o that_o angle_n which_o the_o arch_n make_v with_o the_o subtense_n which_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n d_o a_o b_o for_o a_o angle_n of_o contingence_n add_v nothing_o to_o a_o angle_n of_o a_o segment_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n at_o the_o 16_o article_n wherefore_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o angle_n d_o a_o b_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n describe_v by_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o be_v great_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o right_a cone_n describe_v by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b._n again_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o circle_n describe_v by_o the_o tangent_fw-la a_o d_o be_v great_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o right_a cone_n describe_v by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b_o notwitstand_v that_o the_o tangent_fw-la and_o the_o subtense_n be_v equal_a and_o both_o move_v round_o in_o the_o same_o time_n be_v this_o that_o a_o d_o stand_v at_o right_a angle_n to_o the_o axis_n but_o a_o b_o oblique_o which_o obliquity_n consist_v in_o the_o same_o angle_n d_o a_o b._n see_v therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o angle_n d_o a_o b_o be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o excess_n both_o of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n and_o of_o the_o circle_n make_v by_o the_o radius_fw-la a_o d_o above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o right_a cone_n describe_v by_o the_o subtense_n a_o b_o it_o follow_v that_o both_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o portion_n and_o that_o of_o the_o circle_n do_v equal_o exceed_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o cone_n wherefore_o the_o circle_n make_v by_o a_o d_o or_o a_o b_o and_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n make_v by_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v â—4_n if_o these_o deficient_a figure_n which_o i_o have_v describe_v in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d be_v capable_a of_o exact_a description_n than_o any_o number_n of_o mean_a proportional_n may_v be_v find_v out_o between_o two_o straight_a line_n give_v for_o example_n in_o the_o parallelogram_n a_o b_o c_o d_o in_o the_o 8_o figure_n let_v the_o threesided_n figure_n of_o two_o mean_n be_v describe_v which_o many_o call_v a_o cubical_a parabola_fw-la and_o let_v r_o and_o s_o be_v two_o give_v straight_o line_n between_o which_o if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o find_v two_o mean_a proportional_n it_o may_v be_v do_v thus_o let_v it_o be_v as_o r_o to_o saint_n so_o b_o c_z to_z b_o f_o and_o let_v f_o e_z be_v draw_v parallel_n to_o b_o a_o and_o cut_v the_o crooked_a line_n in_o e_z then_z through_z e_z let_v g_o h_n be_v draw_v parallel_n and_o equal_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d_o and_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a b_o d_o in_o i_o for_o thus_o we_o have_v g_o i_o the_o great_a of_o two_o mean_n between_o g_o h_n and_o g_o e_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o description_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o the_o four_o article_n wherefore_o if_o it_o be_v as_o g_z h_z to_z g_z ay_o so_o r_o to_o another_o line_n t_o that_o t_n will_v be_v the_o great_a of_o two_o mean_n between_o r_o and_o s._n and_o therefore_o if_o it_o be_v again_o as_o r_o to_o t_n so_o t_n to_o another_o line_n x_o that_o will_v be_v do_v which_o be_v require_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n four_o mean_a proportional_n may_v be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o description_n of_o a_o threesided_n figure_n of_o four_o mean_n and_o so_o any_o other_o number_n of_o mean_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o equation_n of_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o
which_o be_v do_v the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v cf._n see_v therefore_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o ellipsis_n of_o which_o ♑_o ♋_o be_v the_o great_a axis_n ab_fw-la can_v be_v the_o lesser_a axis_n for_o ab_fw-la and_o ♑_o ♋_o be_v equal_a wherefore_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o a_o &_o b_o will_v either_o pass_v above_o ♑_o as_o through_o g_o or_o pass_v through_o ♑_o will_n fall_n between_o c_o and_o a_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n which_o let_v it_o pass_v therefore_o through_o g_o and_o let_v gl_o be_v take_v equal_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n ♑_o ♋_o and_o divide_v gl_o equal_o in_o i_o gi_z will_v be_v equal_a to_o ♑_o ♋_o &_o ill_a equal_a to_o f_o ♋_o and_o consequent_o the_o point_n i_o will_v cut_v the_o excentricity_n cf_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o take_v ih_v equal_a to_o if_o hi_o will_v be_v the_o whole_a excentricity_n if_o now_o a_o straight_a line_n namely_o the_o line_n ♎_o i_o ♈_o be_v draw_v through_o i_o parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n ab_fw-la and_o ed_z the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n namely_o the_o arch_n ♎_o g_o ♈_o will_v be_v great_a than_o his_o way_n in_o winter_n by_o 8_o degree_n and_o ¼_n wherefore_o the_o true_a aequinox_n will_v be_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n ♎_o i_o ♈_o and_o therefore_o the_o ellipsis_n of_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n will_v not_o pass_v through_o a_o g_o b_o &_o l_o but_o through_o ♎_o g_o ♈_o &_o l._n wherefore_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o ellipsis_n ♎_o g_o ♈_o l_o and_o can_v be_v the_o excentricity_n be_v salve_v in_o any_o other_o line_n and_o this_o perhaps_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o kepler_n against_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o astronomer_n of_o former_a time_n think_v fit_a to_o bisect_v the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o by_o diminish_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o same_o excentricity_n because_o the_o true_a measure_n of_o that_o quantity_n be_v the_o difference_n by_o which_o the_o summer_n arch_n exceed_v the_o winter_n arch_n but_o by_o take_v for_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o great_a orb_n the_o point_n c_o near_o to_o f_o &_o so_o place_v the_o whole_a great_a orb_n as_o much_o near_a to_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o fix_a star_n towards_o ♋_o as_o be_v the_o distance_n between_o c_o &_o i._o for_o see_v the_o whole_a great_a orb_n be_v but_o as_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o immense_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n the_o two_o straight_a line_n ♎_o ♈_o and_o ab_fw-la be_v produce_v both_o way_n to_o the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n let_v therefore_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n mn_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o earth_n annual_a motion_n if_o now_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v by_o the_o sun_n simple_a motion_n in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a about_o the_o centre_n i_o this_o diameter_n will_v be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o and_o to_o the_o straight_a line_n gl_o but_o see_v the_o earth_n be_v move_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o ellipsis_n without_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o point_n n_o whilst_o it_o pass_v through_o ♎_o ♑_o ♈_o will_n go_v in_o a_o lesser_a circumference_n than_o the_o point_n m_o and_o consequent_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o begin_v to_o be_v move_v it_o will_v lose_v its_o parallelisme_n with_o the_o straight_a line_n ♑_o ♋_o so_o that_o mn_v produce_v will_n at_o last_o cut_v the_o straight_a line_n gl_o produce_v and_o contrary_o as_o soon_o as_o mn_n be_v pass_v ♈_o the_o earth_n make_v its_o way_n in_o the_o internal_a ellipticall_a line_n ♈_o l_o ♎_o the_o same_o mn_v produce_v towards_o m_o will_v cut_v lg_v produce_v and_o when_o the_o earth_n have_v almost_o finish_v its_o whole_a circumference_n the_o same_o mn_v shall_v again_o make_v a_o right_a angle_n with_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n i_o a_o little_a short_a of_o the_o point_n from_o which_o the_o earth_n begin_v its_o motion_n and_o there_o the_o next_o year_n shall_v be_v one_o of_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n namely_o near_o the_o end_n of_o â™_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v opposite_a to_o it_o near_o the_o end_n of_o ♓_o and_o thus_o the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v make_v equal_a do_v every_o year_n fall_v back_o but_o with_o so_o slow_a a_o motion_n that_o in_o a_o whole_a year_n it_o make_v but_o 51_o first_o minute_n and_o this_o relapse_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v common_o call_v the_o praecession_n of_o the_o aequinox_n of_o which_o i_o have_v from_o my_o former_a supposition_n deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o according_a to_o kepler_n who_o for_o the_o cause_n thereof_o suppose_v one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v affect_v to_o the_o sun_n the_o other_o part_n to_o be_v disaffect_v the_o apogaeum_n &_o perigaeum_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v move_v every_o year_n in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n be_v move_v and_o their_o distance_n from_o they_o shall_v always_o be_v the_o quadrant_a of_o a_o circle_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v otherwise_o for_o astronomer_n say_v that_o the_o aequinox_n be_v now_o the_o one_o about_o 28_o degree_n go_v back_o from_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n the_o other_o as_o much_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o libra_n so_o that_o the_o apogaeum_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o aphelium_n of_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v about_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o cancer_n but_o it_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v in_o the_o seven_o degree_n see_v therefore_o we_o have_v not_o sufficient_a evidence_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o so_o it_o be_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d why_o it_o be_v so_o wherefore_o as_o long_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o apogaeum_n be_v not_o observable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o slowness_n thereof_o and_o as_o long_o as_o it_o remaive_v doubtful_a whether_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a point_n be_v more_o or_o less_o than_o a_o quadrant_a precise_o so_o long_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o think_v they_o proceed_v both_o of_o they_o with_o equal_a velocity_n also_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o meddle_v with_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o mercury_n nevertheless_o see_v the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o unlike_a constitution_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v alternate_o turn_v towards_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v credible_a also_o that_o like_a effect_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o these_o other_o planet_n from_o their_o have_v their_o superficies_n of_o unlike_a part_n and_o this_o be_v all_o i_o shall_v say_v concern_v sidereal_a philosophy_n and_o though_o the_o cause_n i_o have_v here_o suppose_v be_v not_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n yet_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o produce_v they_o according_a to_o what_o i_o at_o first_o propound_v chap._n xxvii_o of_o light_n heatt_z and_o of_o colour_n 1_o of_o the_o immense_a magnitude_n of_o some_o body_n and_o the_o unspeakable_a littleness_n of_o other_o 2_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n 3_o how_o light_n heat_v 4_o the_o generation_n of_o fire_n from_o the_o sun_n 5_o the_o generation_n of_o fire_n from_o collision_n 6_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n in_o glow-worm_n rot_a wood_n and_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n 7_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n in_o the_o concussion_n of_o sea-water_n 8_o the_o cause_n of_o flame_n spark_n and_o colliquation_n 9_o the_o cause_n why_o wet_a hay_n sometime_o burn_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n also_o the_o cause_n of_o lightning_n 10_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o force_n of_o gunpowder_n and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o coal_n what_o to_o the_o brimstone_n and_o what_o to_o the_o nitre_n 11_o how_o heat_n be_v cause_v by_o attrition_n 12_o the_o distinction_n of_o light_n into_o first_o second_o etc._n etc._n 13_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n we_o see_v in_o look_v through_o a_o prisma_fw-la of_o glass_n namely_o of_o red_a yellow_a blue_a and_o violet_a colour_n 14_o why_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o star_n appear_v red_a in_o the_o horizon_n then_o in_o
it_o follow_v necessary_o from_o hence_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o whole_a air_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o 21_o chap._n some_o of_o those_o atom_n meet_v with_o other_o will_v cleave_v together_o by_o apply_v themselves_o to_o one_o another_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o motion_n and_o mutual_a contact_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n can_v be_v pull_v asunder_o but_o by_o so_o much_o force_v as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o overcome_v their_o hardness_n now_o there_o be_v innumerable_a degree_n of_o hardness_n as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v a_o degree_n of_o it_o in_o water_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o this_o that_o upon_o a_o plain_a it_o may_v be_v draw_v any_o way_n at_o pleasure_n by_o one_o finger_n there_o be_v a_o great_a degree_n of_o it_o in_o clammy_a liquor_n which_o when_o they_o be_v pour_v out_o do_v in_o fall_v downward_o dispose_v themselves_o into_o one_o continue_a thread_n which_o thread_n before_o it_o be_v break_v will_n by_o little_a and_o little_o diminish_v its_o thickness_n till_o at_o last_o it_o be_v so_o small_a as_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o break_v only_o in_o a_o point_n and_o in_o their_o separation_n the_o external_a part_n break_v first_o from_o one_o another_o and_o then_o the_o more_o internal_a part_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o in_o wax_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o hardness_n for_o when_o we_o will_v pull_v one_o part_n of_o it_o from_o another_o we_o first_o make_v the_o whole_a mass_n slenderer_n before_o we_o can_v pull_v it_o asunder_o and_o how_o much_o the_o hard_a anything_o be_v which_o we_o will_v break_v so_o much_o the_o more_o force_n we_o must_v apply_v to_o it_o wherefore_o if_o we_o go_v on_o to_o hard_a thing_n as_o rope_n wood_n metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n reason_n prompt_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o same_o though_o not_o always_o sensible_o will_v necessary_o happen_v and_o that_o even_o the_o hard_a thing_n be_v break_v asunder_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n namely_o by_o solution_n of_o their_o continuity_n begin_v in_o the_o outermost_a superficies_n and_o proceed_v successive_o to_o the_o innermost_a part_n in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o part_n of_o body_n be_v to_o be_v separate_v not_o by_o pull_v they_o asunder_o but_o by_o break_v they_o the_o first_o separation_n will_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o the_o bow_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o concave_a superficies_n for_o in_o all_o bow_n there_o be_v in_o the_o convex_a superficies_n a_o endeavour_n in_o the_o part_n to_o go_v one_o from_o another_o and_o in_o the_o concave_a superficies_n to_o penetrate_v one_o another_o this_o be_v well_o understand_v a_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v how_o two_o body_n which_o be_v contiguous_a in_o one_o common_a superficies_n may_v by_o force_n be_v separate_v without_o the_o introduction_n of_o vacuum_n though_o lucretius_n think_v otherwise_o believe_v that_o such_o separation_n be_v a_o strong_a establishment_n of_o vacuum_n for_o a_o marble_n pillar_n be_v make_v to_o hang_v by_o one_o of_o its_o base_n if_o it_o be_v long_o enough_o it_o will_v by_o its_o own_o weight_n be_v break_v asunder_o and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v vacuum_n see_v the_o solution_n of_o its_o continuity_n may_v begin_v in_o the_o circumference_n and_o proceed_v successive_o to_o the_o midst_n thereof_o last_o wine_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o congeal_v as_o water_n because_o in_o wine_n there_o be_v particle_n which_o be_v not_o fluid_a be_v move_v very_o swift_o and_o by_o their_o motion_n congelation_n be_v retard_v but_o if_o the_o cold_a prevail_v against_o this_o motion_n than_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o the_o wine_n will_v be_v first_o freeze_v and_o afterward_o the_o inner_a part_n whereof_o this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o wine_n which_o remain_v unfrozen_a in_o the_o midst_n will_v be_v very_o strong_a 9_o another_o cause_n of_o hardness_n in_o some_o thing_n may_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o soft_a body_n consist_v of_o many_o hard_a particle_n which_o by_o the_o intermixture_n of_o many_o other_o fluid_a particle_n cohaere_fw-la but_o loose_o together_o those_o fluid_a part_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o last_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n will_v be_v exhale_v by_o which_o mean_v each_o hard_a particle_n will_v apply_v itself_o to_o the_o next_o to_o it_o according_a to_o a_o great_a superficies_n and_o consequent_o they_o will_v cohaere_fw-la more_o close_o to_o one_o another_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o whole_a mass_n will_v be_v make_v hard_a 10_o again_o in_o some_o thing_n hardness_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o certain_a degree_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o any_o fluid_a substance_n have_v in_o it_o certain_a very_o small_a body_n intermingle_v which_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o contribute_v like_o motion_n to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a substance_n and_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o small_a enclose_a space_n as_o in_o the_o hollow_a of_o a_o little_a sphere_n or_o a_o very_a slender_a pipe_n if_o the_o motion_n be_v vehement_a and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o small_a enclose_a body_n two_o thing_n will_v happen_v the_o one_o that_o the_o fluid_a substance_n will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n of_o dilate_v itself_o at_o once_o every_o way_n the_o other_o that_o if_o those_o small_a body_n can_v no_o where_o get_v out_o then_o from_o their_o reflection_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o enclose_v fluid_a substance_n which_o be_v vehement_a before_o will_v now_o be_v much_o more_o vehement_a wherefore_o if_o any_o one_o particle_n of_o that_o fluid_a substance_n shall_v be_v touch_v &_o press_v by_o some_o external_a movent_fw-la it_o can_v not_o yield_v but_o by_o the_o application_n of_o very_a sensible_a force_n 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remain_v still_o bend_v now_o if_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o restitution_n be_v ask_v i_o say_v it_o may_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n namely_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o bend_a body_n while_o it_o be_v hold_v bend_v do_v nevertheless_o retain_v their_o motion_n and_o by_o this_o motion_n they_o restore_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o force_n be_v remove_v by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v for_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v bend_v as_o a_o plate_n of_o steel_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o force_n be_v remove_v restore_v itself_o again_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o restitution_n can_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o force_n by_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v for_o in_o thing_n that_o be_v at_o rest_n the_o take_v away_o of_o impediment_n be_v
plant_n and_o sow_v of_o they_o man_n live_v therefore_o upon_o acorn_n or_o if_o any_o be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o venture_v upon_o the_o eat_n of_o those_o unknown_a and_o doubtful_a fruit_n they_o do_v it_o with_o danger_n of_o their_o health_n in_o like_a manner_n every_o man_n bring_v philosophy_n that_o be_v natural_a reason_n into_o the_o world_n with_o he_o for_o all_o man_n can_v reason_v to_o some_o degree_n and_o concern_v some_o thing_n but_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o long_a series_n of_o reason_n there_o most_o man_n wander_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o fall_v into_o error_n for_o want_n of_o method_n as_o it_o be_v for_o want_v of_o sow_v and_o plant_v that_o be_v of_o improve_n their_o reason_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o who_o content_v themselves_o with_o daily_a experience_n which_o may_v be_v liken_v to_o feed_v upon_o acorn_n and_o either_o reject_v or_o not_o much_o regard_n philosophy_n be_v common_o esteem_v and_o be_v 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authority_n of_o most_o eloquent_a writer_n especial_o see_v true_a that_o be_v accurate_a philosophy_n profess_o reject_v not_o only_o the_o paint_n and_o false_a colour_n of_o language_n but_o even_o the_o very_a ornament_n and_o grace_n of_o the_o same_o and_o the_o first_o ground_n of_o all_o science_n be_v not_o only_o not_o beautiful_a but_o poor_a aride_n and_o in_o appearance_n deform_v nevertheless_o there_o be_v certain_o some_o man_n though_o but_o few_o who_o be_v delight_v with_o truth_n and_o strength_n of_o reason_n in_o all_o thing_n i_o think_v i_o may_v do_v well_o to_o take_v this_o pain_n for_o the_o sake_n even_o of_o those_o few_o i_o proceed_v therefore_o to_o the_o matter_n and_o take_v my_o beginning_n from_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v this_o 2_o philosophy_n be_v such_o knowledge_n of_o effect_n or_o appearance_n as_o we_o acquire_v by_o true_a ratiocination_n from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v first_o of_o their_o cause_n or_o generation_n and_o again_o of_o such_o cause_n or_o generation_n as_o may_v be_v from_o know_v first_o their_o effect_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o which_o definition_n we_o must_v consider_v first_o that_o although_o sense_n and_o memory_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a to_o man_n and_o all_o live_a creature_n be_v knowledge_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v give_v we_o immediate_o by_o nature_n and_o not_o get_v by_o ratiocination_n they_o be_v not_o philosophy_n second_o see_v experience_n be_v nothing_o but_o memory_n and_o prudence_n or_o prospect_n into_o the_o future_a time_n nothing_o but_o expectation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v already_o have_v experience_n of_o prudence_n also_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v philosophy_n by_o ratiocination_n i_o mean_v computation_n now_o to_o compute_v be_v either_o to_o collect_v the_o sum_n of_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v add_v together_o or_o to_o know_v what_o remain_v when_o one_o thing_n be_v take_v out_o of_o 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that_o thing_n for_o which_o now_o by_o impose_v a_o name_n on_o it_o we_o call_v it_o body_n again_o when_o by_o come_v near_o he_o see_v the_o same_o thing_n thus_o and_o thus_o now_o in_o one_o place_n and_o now_o in_o another_o he_o will_v have_v a_o new_a idea_n thereof_o namely_o that_o for_o which_o we_o now_o call_v such_o a_o thing_n animate_v three_o when_o stand_v near_o he_o perceive_v the_o figure_n hear_v the_o voice_n and_o see_v other_o thing_n which_o be_v sign_n of_o a_o rational_a mind_n he_o have_v a_o three_o idea_n though_o it_o have_v yet_o no_o appellation_n namely_o that_o for_o which_o we_o now_o call_v any_o thing_n rational_a last_o when_o by_o look_v full_o and_o distinct_o upon_o it_o he_o conceive_v all_o that_o he_o have_v see_v as_o one_o thing_n the_o idea_n he_o have_v now_o be_v compound_v of_o his_o former_a idea_n which_o be_v put_v together_o in_o the_o mind_n in_o the_o same_o order_n in_o which_o these_o three_o single_a name_n body_n animate_v 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of_o a_o body-animated_n remain_v still_o before_o his_o eye_n so_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o rational_a be_v substract_v from_o the_o whole_a idea_n of_o man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o body-animated-rationall_a and_o there_o remain_v that_o of_o body-animated_n &_o a_o while_n after_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n the_o idea_n of_o animate_v will_v be_v lose_v &_o that_o of_o body_n only_o will_v remain_v so_o that_o at_o last_o when_o nothing_o at_o all_o can_v be_v see_v the_o whole_a idea_n will_v vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n by_o which_o example_n i_o think_v it_o be_v manifest_a enough_o what_o be_v the_o internal_a ratiocination_n of_o the_o mind_n without_o word_n we_o must_v not_o therefore_o think_v that_o computation_n that_o be_v ratiocination_n have_v place_n only_o in_o number_n as_o if_o man_n be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o pythagoras_n by_o nothing_o but_o the_o faculty_n of_o number_v for_o magnitude_n body_n motion_n time_n degree_n of_o quality_n action_n conception_n proportion_n speech_n and_o name_n in_o which_o all_o the_o kind_n of_o philosophy_n consist_v be_v capable_a of_o addition_n and_o substraction_n now_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o add_v or_o subtract_v that_o be_v which_o we_o put_v into_o a_o account_n we_o be_v say_v to_o consider_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o language_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v to_o compute_v reason_n or_o reckon_v 4_o but_o effect_n and_o the_o appearance_n of_o thing_n to_o sense_n be_v faculty_n or_o power_n of_o body_n which_o make_v we_o distinguish_v they_o from_o one_o another_o that_o be_v to_o say_v conceive_v one_o body_n to_o be_v equal_a or_o unequal_a like_a or_o unlike_a to_o another_o body_n as_o in_o the_o example_n above_o when_o by_o come_v
near_o enough_o to_o any_o body_n we_o perceive_v the_o motion_n and_o go_v of_o the_o same_o we_o distinguish_v it_o thereby_o from_o a_o tree_n a_o column_n and_o other_o fix_a body_n and_o so_o that_o motion_n or_o go_v be_v the_o property_n thereof_o as_o be_v proper_a to_o live_a creature_n and_o a_o faculty_n by_o which_o they_o make_v we_o distinguish_v they_o from_o other_o body_n 5_o how_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o effect_n may_v be_v get_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o generation_n thereof_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o if_o there_o be_v set_v before_o we_o a_o plain_a figure_n have_v as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o circle_n we_o can_v possible_o perceive_v by_o sense_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o true_a circle_n or_o no_o than_o which_o nevertheless_o nothing_o be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v to_o he_o that_o know_v first_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o propound_a figure_n for_o let_v it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o figure_n be_v make_v by_o the_o circumduction_n of_o a_o body_n whereof_o one_o end_n remain_v unmoved_a and_o we_o may_v reason_v thus_o a_o body_n carry_v about_o retain_v always_o the_o same_o length_n apply_v itself_o first_o to_o one_o radius_fw-la then_o to_o another_o to_o a_o three_o a_o four_o and_o successive_o to_o all_o and_o therefore_o the_o same_o length_n from_o the_o same_o point_n touch_v the_o circumference_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o all_o the_o radii_fw-la be_v equal_a we_o know_v therefore_o that_o from_o such_o generation_n proceed_v a_o figure_n from_o who_o one_o middle_a point_n all_o the_o extreme_a point_n be_v reach_v unto_o by_o equal_a radii_fw-la and_o in_o like_a manner_n by_o know_v first_o what_o figure_n be_v set_v before_o we_o we_o may_v come_v by_o ratiocination_n to_o some_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o though_o perhaps_o not_o that_o by_o which_o it_o be_v make_v yet_o that_o 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teach_v another_o what_o he_o know_v himself_o if_o he_o think_v that_o will_v be_v the_o only_a benefit_n of_o his_o labour_n the_o end_n of_o knowledge_n be_v power_n and_o the_o use_n of_o theorem_n which_o among_o geometrician_n serve_v for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o property_n be_v for_o the_o construction_n of_o problem_n and_o last_o the_o scope_n of_o all_o speculation_n be_v the_o perform_n of_o some_o action_n or_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v 7_o but_o what_o the_o utility_n of_o philosophy_n be_v especial_o of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o geometry_n will_v be_v best_a understand_v by_o reckon_v up_o the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o which_o mankind_n be_v capable_a and_o by_o compare_v the_o manner_n of_o life_n of_o such_o as_o enjoy_v they_o with_o that_o of_o other_o which_o want_v the_o same_o now_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o mankind_n be_v the_o art_n namely_o of_o measure_v matter_n and_o motion_n of_o move_v ponderous_a body_n of_o architecture_n of_o navigation_n of_o 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the_o calamity_n we_o receive_v from_o not_o know_v they_o now_o all_o such_o calamity_n as_o may_v be_v avoid_v by_o humane_a industry_n arise_v from_o war_n but_o chief_o from_o civil_a war_n for_o from_o this_o proceed_v slaughter_n solitude_n and_o the_o want_n of_o all_o thing_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n be_v not_o that_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o will_n have_v nothing_o for_o object_n but_o good_a at_o least_o that_o which_o seem_v good_a nor_o be_v it_o from_o this_o that_o man_n know_v not_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n be_v evil_a for_o who_o be_v there_o that_o think_v not_o poverty_n and_o loss_n of_o life_n to_o be_v great_a evil_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o civil_a war_n be_v that_o man_n know_v not_o the_o cause_n neither_o of_o war_n nor_o peace_n there_o be_v but_o few_o in_o the_o world_n that_o have_v learn_v those_o duty_n which_o unite_v and_o keep_v man_n in_o peace_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o have_v learn_v the_o rule_n 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and_o huge_a volume_n of_o ethic_n be_v think_v unsufficient_a if_o what_o they_o teach_v have_v be_v certain_a and_o well_o demonstrate_v what_o then_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o write_n of_o those_o man_n have_v increase_v science_n and_o the_o write_n of_o these_o have_v increase_v nothing_o but_o word_n save_v that_o the_o former_a be_v write_v by_o man_n that_o know_v and_o the_o late_a by_o such_o as_o know_v not_o the_o doctrine_n they_o teach_v only_o for_o ostentation_n of_o their_o wit_n and_o eloquence_n nevertheless_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o read_n of_o some_o such_o book_n be_v very_o delightful_a for_o they_o be_v most_o eloquent_o write_v and_o contain_v many_o clear_a wholesome_a and_o choice_a sentence_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o universal_o true_a though_o by_o they_o universal_o pronounce_v from_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n place_n and_o person_n be_v change_v they_o be_v no_o less_o frequent_o make_v use_n of_o to_o confirm_v wicked_a man_n in_o their_o purpose_n then_o to_o make_v they_o understand_v the_o precept_n of_o civil_a duty_n now_o that_o which_o be_v chief_o want_v in_o they_o be_v a_o true_a and_o certain_a rule_n of_o our_o action_n by_o which_o we_o may_v know_v whether_o that_o we_o undertake_v be_v just_a or_o unjust_a for_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o be_v bid_v in_o every_o thing_n to_o do_v right_o before_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n and_o measure_n of_o right_o establish_v which_o no_o man_n hitherto_o have_v establish_v see_v therefore_o from_o the_o not_o know_v of_o civil_a duty_n that_o be_v from_o the_o want_n of_o moral_a science_n proceed_v civil_a war_n and_o the_o great_a calamity_n of_o mankind_n we_o may_v very_o well_o attribute_n to_o
indefinite_o that_o be_v to_o know_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v without_o propound_v to_o themselves_o any_o limit_a question_n or_o they_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o some_o determine_a appearance_n or_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o the_o certainty_n of_o something_o in_o question_n as_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o light_n of_o heat_n of_o gravity_n of_o a_o figure_n propound_v and_o the_o like_a or_o in_o what_o subject_n any_o propound_a accident_n be_v inhaerent_a or_o what_o may_v conduce_v most_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o some_o propound_a effect_n from_o many_o accident_n or_o in_o what_o manner_n particular_a cause_n ought_v to_o be_v compound_v for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o certain_a effect_n now_o according_a to_o this_o variety_n of_o thing_n in_o question_n sometime_o the_o analyticall_a method_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o sometime_o the_o syntheticall_a 4_o but_o to_o those_o that_o search_v after_o science_n indefinite_o which_o consist_v in_o 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a_o square_a this_o square_n be_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o a_o plain_a terminate_v with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o equal_a and_o straight_a line_n and_o right_a angle_n for_o by_o this_o resolution_n we_o have_v these_o thing_n universal_a or_o agreeable_a to_o all_o matter_n namely_o line_n plain_n which_o contain_v superficies_n terminate_v angle_n straightness_n rectitude_n and_o equality_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o we_o may_v compound_v they_o all_o together_o into_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o square_n again_o if_o any_o man_n propound_v to_o himself_o the_o conception_n of_o gold_n he_o may_v by_o resolve_v come_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o solid_a visible_a heavy_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o downward_o and_o many_o other_o more_o universal_a than_o gold_n itself_o and_o these_o he_o may_v resolve_v again_o till_o he_o come_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v most_o universal_a and_o in_o this_o manner_n by_o resolve_v continual_o we_o may_v come_v to_o know_v what_o those_o thing_n be_v who_o cause_n be_v first_o know_v several_o and_o afterward_o compound_v bring_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o singular_a thing_n i_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o method_n of_o attain_v to_o the_o universal_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n be_v pure_o analyticall_a 5_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o universal_a thing_n of_o those_o at_o least_o that_o have_v any_o cause_n be_v manifest_a of_o themselves_o or_o as_o they_o say_v common_o know_v to_o nature_n so_o that_o they_o need_v no_o method_n at_o all_o for_o they_o have_v all_o but_o one_o universal_a cause_n which_o be_v motion_n for_o the_o variety_n of_o all_o figure_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o variety_n of_o those_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o motion_n can_v be_v understand_v to_o have_v any_o other_o cause_n beside_o motion_n nor_o have_v the_o variety_n of_o those_o thing_n we_o perceive_v by_o sense_n as_o of_o colour_n sound_n savour_n etc._n etc._n any_o other_o cause_n then_o motion_n reside_v partly_o in_o the_o object_n that_o work_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o partly_o in_o ourselves_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_o some_o kind_n of_o motion_n though_o we_o can_v without_o ratiocination_n come_v to_o know_v what_o kind_n for_o though_o many_o can_v understand_v till_o it_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n demonstrate_v to_o they_o that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n yet_o this_o happen_v not_o from_o any_o obscurity_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a that_o any_o thing_n can_v depart_v either_o from_o rest_n or_o from_o the_o motion_n it_o have_v except_o by_o motion_n but_o either_o by_o have_v their_o natural_a discourse_n corrupt_v with_o former_a opinion_n receive_v from_o their_o master_n or_o else_o for_o this_o that_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o bend_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o inquire_v out_o of_o truth_n 6_o by_o the_o knowledge_n therefore_o of_o universall_n and_o of_o their_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o thing_n we_o have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o definition_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o explication_n of_o our_o simple_a conception_n for_o example_n he_o that_o have_v a_o true_a conception_n of_o place_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o definition_n place_n be_v that_o space_n which_o be_v possess_v or_o fill_v adaequate_o by_o some_o body_n and_o so_o he_o that_o conceive_v motion_n aright_o can_v but_o know_v that_o motion_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o one_o place_n and_o the_o acquisition_n of_o another_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o have_v their_o generation_n or_o description_n as_o for_o example_n that_o a_o line_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o point_n superficies_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o line_n and_o one_o motion_n by_o another_o motion_n etc._n etc._n it_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v what_o motion_n beget_v such_o and_o such_o effect_n as_o what_o motion_n make_v a_o straight_a line_n and_o what_o a_o circular_a what_o motion_n thrust_v what_o draw_v and_o by_o what_o way_n what_o make_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v sometime_o in_o one_o manner_n sometime_o in_o another_o now_o the_o method_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o enquiry_n be_v compositive_a for_o first_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o effect_v a_o body_n move_v produce_v when_o we_o consider_v nothing_o in_o it_o beside_o its_o motion_n and_o we_o see_v present_o that_o this_o make_v a_o line_n or_o length_n next_o what_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o long_a body_n produce_v which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v superficies_n and_o so_o forward_o till_o we_o see_v what_o the_o effect_n of_o simple_a motion_n be_v and_o then_o in_o like_a manner_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o proceed_v from_o the_o addition_n multiplication_n substraction_n and_o division_n of_o these_o motion_n and_o what_o effect_n what_o figure_n and_o what_o property_n they_o produce_v from_o which_o kind_n of_o contemplation_n spring_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v geometry_n from_o this_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v produce_v by_o simple_a motion_n we_o be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o effect_n one_o body_n move_v work_v upon_o another_o and_o because_o there_o may_v be_v motion_n in_o all_o the_o several_a part_n of_o a_o body_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n we_o must_v inquire_v first_o what_o motion_n cause_v such_o and_o such_o motion_n in_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v when_o one_o body_n invade_v another_o body_n which_o be_v either_o at_o rest_n or_o in_o motion_n what_o way_n and_o with_o what_o swiftness_n the_o invade_v body_n shall_v move_v and_o again_o what_o motion_n this_o second_o body_n will_v generate_v in_o a_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o which_o contemplation_n shall_v be_v draw_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o treat_v of_o motion_n in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o must_v proceed_v to_o the_o enquiry_n of_o such_o effect_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o body_n as_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o thing_n when_o they_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o change_v and_o here_o the_o thing_n we_o search_v after_o be_v sensible_a quality_n such_o as_o light_v colour_n transparency_n opacity_n sound_v odour_n savour_n heat_n cold_a and_o the_o like_a which_o because_o they_o can_v be_v know_v till_o we_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o sense_n itself_o therefore_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o see_v hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v belong_v to_o this_o three_o place_n and_o all_o those_o quality_n and_o change_n above_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o
the_o four_o place_n which_o two_o consideration_n comprehend_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v physic_n and_o in_o these_o four_o part_n be_v contain_v whatsoever_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n may_v be_v explicate_v by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o if_o a_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v render_v of_o natural_a appearance_n in_o special_a as_o what_o be_v the_o motion_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n and_o of_o their_o part_n the_o reason_n hereof_o must_v either_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o science_n above_o mention_v or_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o will_v be_v give_v but_o all_o leave_v to_o uncertain_a conjecture_n after_o physic_n we_o must_v come_v to_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n namely_o appetite_n aversion_n love_n benevolence_n hope_n fear_v anger_n emulation_n envy_n etc._n etc._n what_o cause_n they_o have_v and_o of_o what_o they_o be_v cause_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v after_o physic_n be_v that_o they_o have_v their_o cause_n in_o sense_n and_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o physical_a contemplation_n also_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v search_v after_o in_o the_o order_n abovesaid_a be_v that_o physic_n can_v be_v understand_v except_o we_o know_v first_o what_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n nor_o such_o motion_n of_o part_n till_o we_o know_v what_o it_o be_v that_o make_v another_o body_n move_v nor_o this_o till_o we_o know_v what_o simple_a motion_n will_v effect_v and_o because_o all_o appearance_n of_o thing_n to_o sense_n be_v determine_v and_o make_v to_o be_v of_o such_o and_o such_o quality_n and_o quantity_n by_o compound_v motion_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o velocity_n and_o a_o certain_a and_o determine_a way_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o be_v to_o search_v out_o the_o way_n of_o motion_n simple_o in_o which_o geometry_n consist_v next_o the_o way_n of_o such_o generate_v motion_n as_o be_v manifest_a and_o last_o the_o way_n of_o internal_a and_o invisible_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o enquiry_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n and_o therefore_o they_o that_o study_v natural_a philosophy_n study_v in_o vain_a except_o they_o begin_v at_o geometry_n and_o such_o writer_n or_o disputer_n thereof_o as_o be_v ignorant_a of_o geometry_n do_v but_o make_v their_o reader_n and_o hearer_n lose_v their_o time_n 7_o civil_a and_o moral_a philosophy_n do_v not_o so_o adhere_v to_o one_o another_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sever_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v know_v not_o only_o by_o ratiocination_n but_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o every_o man_n that_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v those_o motion_n within_o himself_o and_o therefore_o not_o only_o they_o that_o have_v attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n and_o from_o the_o very_a first_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n may_v by_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n come_v to_o the_o cause_n and_o necessity_n of_o constitute_a commonwealth_n and_o to_o get_v the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v natural_a right_n and_o what_o be_v civil_a duty_n and_o in_o every_o kind_n of_o government_n what_o be_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o all_o other_o knowledge_n appertain_v to_o civil_a philosophy_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o politic_n consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o motion_n from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n but_o even_o they_o also_o that_o have_v not_o learn_v the_o first_o part_n of_o philosophy_n namely_o geometry_n and_o physic_n may_v notwithstanding_o attain_v the_o principle_n of_o civil_a philosophy_n by_o the_o 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definition_n for_o the_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n but_o if_o it_o be_v ask_v concern_v a_o abstract_a name_n what_o be_v it_o the_o cause_o be_v demand_v why_o a_o thing_n appear_v so_o or_o so_o as_o if_o it_o be_v ask_v what_o be_v hard_a the_o answer_n will_v be_v hard_o be_v that_o whereof_o no_o part_n give_v place_n but_o when_o the_o whole_a give_v place_n but_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v what_o be_v hardness_n a_o cause_n must_v be_v show_v why_o a_o part_n do_v not_o give_v place_n except_o the_o whole_a give_v place_n wherefore_o i_o define_v a_o accident_n to_o be_v the_o maâ—ner_n of_o our_o conception_n of_o body_n 3_o when_o a_o accident_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o a_o body_n it_o be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v contain_v in_o that_o body_n as_o if_o for_o example_n redness_n be_v in_o blood_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o blood_n be_v in_o a_o bloody_a cloth_n that_o be_v as_o a_o part_n in_o the_o whole_a for_o so_o a_o accident_n will_v be_v a_o body_n also_o but_o as_o magnitude_n or_o rest_v or_o motion_n be_v in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a or_o which_o rest_v or_o which_o be_v move_v which_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v every_o man_n understand_v so_o also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o every_o other_o accident_n be_v in_o its_o subject_a and_o this_o also_o be_v explicate_v by_o aristotle_n no_o otherwise_o then_o negative_o namely_o that_o a_o accident_n be_v in_o its_o subject_a not_o as_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v be_v away_o the_o subject_a still_o remain_v which_o be_v right_a save_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a accident_n which_o can_v never_o perish_v except_o the_o body_n perish_v also_o for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v without_o extension_n or_o without_o figure_n all_o other_o accident_n which_o be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o body_n but_o peculiar_a to_o some_o only_a as_o to_o be_v at_o rest_n to_o be_v move_v colour_n hardness_n and_o the_o like_a do_v perish_v continual_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o other_o yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o body_n never_o perish_v and_o as_o for_o the_o opinion_n that_o some_o may_v have_v that_o all_o other_o accident_n be_v not_o in_o their_o body_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o extension_n motion_n rest_v or_o figure_n be_v in_o the_o same_o for_o example_n that_o colour_n heat_v odour_n virtue_n vice_n and_o the_o like_a be_v otherwise_o in_o they_o and_o as_o they_o say_v inherent_a i_o desire_v they_o will_v suspend_v their_o judgement_n for_o the_o present_a and_o expect_v a_o little_a till_o it_o be_v find_v out_o by_o ratiocination_n whether_o these_o very_a accident_n be_v not_o also_o certain_a motion_n either_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o perceiver_n or_o of_o the_o body_n themselves_o which_o be_v perceive_v for_o in_o the_o search_n of_o this_o a_o great_a part_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n consist_v 4_o the_o extension_n of_o a_o body_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o it_o or_o that_o which_o some_o call_v real_a space_n but_o this_o magnitude_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o our_o cogitation_n as_o imaginary_a space_n do_v for_o this_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o our_o imagination_n but_o magnitude_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o this_o be_v a_o accident_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o of_o a_o body_n exist_v out_o of_o the_o mind_n 5_o that_o space_n by_o which_o word_n i_o here_o understand_v imaginary_a space_n which_o be_v coincident_a with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o any_o body_n be_v call_v the_o place_n of_o that_o body_n and_o the_o body_n itself_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o thing_n place_v now_o place_n and_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o thing_n place_v differ_v first_o in_o this_o that_o a_o body_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o magnitude_n both_o when_o it_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o when_o it_o be_v move_v but_o when_o it_o be_v move_v it_o do_v not_o keep_v the_o same_o place_n second_o in_o this_o that_o place_n be_v a_o phantasm_n of_o any_o body_n of_o such_o and_o such_o quantity_n and_o figure_n but_o magnitude_n be_v the_o peculiar_a accident_n of_o every_o body_n for_o one_o body_n may_v at_o several_a time_n have_v several_a place_n but_o have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o magnitude_n three_o in_o this_o that_o place_n be_v nothing_o out_o of_o the_o mind_n nor_o magnitude_n any_o thing_n within_o it_o and_o last_o place_n be_v feign_v extension_n but_o magnitude_n true_a extension_n and_o a_o place_v body_n be_v not_o extension_n but_o a_o thing_n extend_v beside_o place_n be_v immovable_a for_o see_v that_o which_o be_v move_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n if_o place_n be_v move_v it_o will_v also_o be_v carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n so_o that_o one_o place_n must_v have_v another_o place_n and_o that_o place_v another_o place_n and_o so_o on_o infinite_o which_o be_v ridiculous_a and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o by_o make_v place_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o real_a space_n will_v from_o thence_o maintain_v it_o to_o be_v immovable_a they_o also_o make_v place_n though_o they_o do_v not_o perceive_v they_o make_v it_o so_o to_o be_v a_o mere_a phantasm_n for_o while_o one_o affirm_v that_o place_n be_v therefore_o say_v to_o be_v immovable_a because_o space_n in_o general_n be_v consider_v there_o if_o he_o have_v remember_v that_o nothing_o be_v general_n or_o universal_a beside_o name_n or_o sign_n he_o will_v easy_o have_v see_v that_o that_o space_n which_o he_o say_v be_v consider_v in_o general_a be_v nothing_o but_o a_o phantasm_n in_o the_o mind_n or_o
that_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o antecedent_n to_o the_o first_o consequent_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o second_o antecedent_n to_o the_o second_o consequent_a and_o when_o four_o magnitude_n be_v thus_o to_o one_o another_o in_o geometrical_a proportion_n they_o be_v call_v proportional_n and_o by_o some_o more_o brief_o analogisme_n and_o great_a proportion_n be_v the_o proportion_n of_o a_o great_a antecedent_n to_o the_o same_o consequent_a or_o of_o the_o same_o antecedent_n to_o a_o less_o consequent_a and_o when_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o antecedent_n to_o the_o first_o consequent_a be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o second_o antecedent_n to_o the_o second_o consequent_a the_o four_o magnitude_n which_o be_v so_o to_o one_o another_o may_v be_v call_v hyperlogisme_n less_o proportion_n be_v the_o proportion_n of_o a_o less_o antecedent_n to_o the_o same_o consequent_a or_o of_o the_o same_o antecedent_n to_o a_o great_a consequent_a and_o when_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o antecedent_n to_o the_o first_o consequent_a be_v less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o second_o to_o the_o second_o the_o four_o magnitude_n may_v be_v call_v hypologisme_n 5_o one_o arithmetical_a proportion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o another_o arithmetical_a proportion_n when_o one_o of_o the_o antecedent_n exceed_v its_o consequent_a or_o be_v exceed_v by_o it_o as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o antecedent_n exceed_v its_o consequent_a or_o be_v exceed_v by_o it_o and_o therefore_o in_o four_o magnitude_n arithmetical_o proportional_a the_o sum_n of_o the_o extreme_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o mean_n for_o if_o a._n b_o c._n d_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a and_o the_o difference_n on_o both_o side_n be_v the_o same_o excess_n or_o the_o same_o defect_n e_o then_o b+c_n if_o a_o be_v great_a than_o b_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o a_o −_o e+c_n and_o a+d_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+c_n −_o e_o but_o a_o −_o e+c_n and_o a+c_fw-la −_o e_o be_v equal_a or_o if_o a_o be_v less_o than_o b_o than_o b+c_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+e+c_n and_o a+d_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+c+e_v but_o a+e+c_n and_o a+c+e_o be_v equal_a also_o if_o there_o be_v never_o so_o many_o magnitude_n arithmetical_o proportional_a the_o sum_n of_o they_o all_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o product_n of_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o term_n multiply_v by_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o extreme_n for_o if_o a._n b_o c._n d_o e._n f_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a the_o couple_n a+f_n b+e_n c+d_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o and_o their_o sum_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o a+f_o multiply_v by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o combination_n that_o be_v by_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o term_n if_o of_o four_o unequal_a magnitude_n any_o two_o together_o take_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o other_o two_o together_o take_v than_o the_o great_a and_o the_o least_o of_o they_o will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o combination_n let_v the_o unequal_a magnitude_n be_v a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o let_v a+b_n be_v equal_a to_o c+d_v &_o let_v a_o be_v the_o great_a of_o they_o all_o i_o say_v b_o will_v be_v the_o least_o for_o if_o it_o may_v be_v let_v any_o of_o the_o rest_n as_o d_o be_v the_o least_o see_v therefore_o a_o be_v great_a than_o c_z and_o b_o then_z d_o a+b_n will_v be_v great_a than_o c+d_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v if_o there_o be_v any_o four_o magnitude_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o great_a and_o least_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o mean_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o great_a and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o lest_o will_v be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a for_o let_v there_o be_v four_o magnitude_n whereof_o a_o be_v the_o great_a d_o the_o least_o and_o b_o and_o c_o the_o mean_n i_o say_v a+d_v b+c_n a_o −_o b._n c_o −_o d_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a for_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o first_o antecedent_n and_o its_o consequent_a be_v this_o a+d_v −_o b_o −_o c_o and_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o second_o antecedent_n and_o its_o consequent_a this_o a_o −_o b_o −_o c+d_n but_o these_o two_o difference_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o by_o this_o 5_o article_n a+d_v b+c_n a_o −_o b._n c_o −_o d_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a if_o of_o four_o magnitude_n two_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o other_o two_o they_o will_v be_v in_o reciprocal_a arithmetical_a proportion_n for_o let_v a+b_n be_v equal_a to_o c+d_v i_o say_v a._n c_o d._n b_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o let_v a._n c_o d._n e_o suppose_n e_o to_o be_v great_a or_o less_o than_o b_o be_v arithmetical_o proportional_a and_o then_o a+e_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o c+d_v wherefore_o a+b_n and_o c+d_v be_v not_o equal_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v 6_o one_o geometrical_a proportion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o another_o geometrical_a proportion_n when_o the_o same_o cause_n produce_v equal_a effect_n in_o equal_a time_n determine_v both_o the_o proportion_n if_o a_o point_n uniformly_n move_v describe_v two_o line_n either_o with_o the_o same_o or_o different_a velocity_n all_o the_o part_n of_o they_o which_o be_v contemporary_a that_o be_v which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o same_o time_n will_v be_v two_o to_o two_o in_o geometrical_a proportion_n whether_o the_o antecedent_n be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o line_n or_o not_o for_o from_o the_o point_n a_o in_o the_o 10_o figure_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 14_o chapter_n let_v the_o two_o line_n a_o d_o a_o g_o be_v describe_v with_o uniform_a motion_n and_o let_v there_o be_v take_v in_o they_o two_o part_n ab_fw-la ae_n and_o again_o two_o other_o part_n ac_fw-la of_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o ab_fw-la ae_n be_v contemporary_a and_o likewise_o ac_fw-la of_o contemporary_a i_o say_v first_o take_z the_o antecedent_n ab_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o the_o line_n ad_fw-la and_o the_o consequent_n ae_n of_o in_o the_o line_n agnostus_n that_o ab_fw-la ac_fw-la ae_n of_o be_v proportional_n for_o see_v by_o the_o 8_o chapter_n and_o the_o 15_o article_n velocity_n be_v motion_n consider_v as_o determine_v by_o a_o certain_a length_n or_o line_n in_o a_o certain_a time_n transmit_v by_o it_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la will_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n by_o which_o the_o same_o ab_fw-la be_v describe_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la will_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n by_o which_o the_o same_o ac_fw-la be_v describe_v and_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o ab_fw-la to_o ac_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v proportion_n of_o equality_n or_o of_o excess_n or_o defect_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o velocity_n and_o time_n by_o which_o ab_fw-la ac_fw-la be_v describe_v but_o see_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o point_n a_o upon_o ab_fw-la and_o ac_fw-la be_v uniform_a they_o be_v both_o desribe_v with_o equal_a velocity_n and_o therefore_o whether_o one_o of_o they_o have_v to_o the_o other_o the_o proportion_n of_o majority_n or_o of_o minority_n the_o sole_a cause_n of_o that_o proportion_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o their_o time_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o proportion_n of_o ae_n to_o of_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o time_n only_o see_v therefore_o ab_fw-la ae_n as_o also_o ac_fw-la of_o be_v contemporary_a the_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o ab_fw-la and_o ac_fw-la be_v describe_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o which_o ae_n and_o of_o be_v describe_v wherefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o ab_fw-la to_o ac_fw-la and_o the_o proportion_n of_o ae_n to_o of_o be_v both_o determine_v by_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o the_o cause_n which_o so_o determine_v the_o proportion_n of_o both_o work_v equal_o in_o equal_a time_n for_o it_o be_v uniform_a motion_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o last_o precedent_n definition_n the_o proportion_n of_o ab_fw-la to_o ac_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o ae_n to_o of_o and_o consequent_o ab_fw-la ac_fw-la af._n of_o be_v proportional_n which_o be_v the_o first_o second_o take_v the_o antecedent_n in_o different_a line_n i_o say_v ab_fw-la ae_n ac_fw-la of_o be_v proportional_n for_o see_v ab_fw-la ae_n be_v describe_v in_o the_o same_o time_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o velocity_n in_o which_o they_o be_v describe_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o proportion_n they_o have_v to_o one_o another_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o ac_fw-la to_o af._n but_o see_v both_o the_o line_n ad_fw-la and_o agnostus_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o uniform_a motion_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o velocity_n in_o which_o ab_fw-la ae_n be_v describe_v will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o
nothing_o but_o perturb_a light_n be_v comprehend_v wherefore_o the_o phantasm_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n be_v light_n and_o of_o a_o colour_a body_n colour_n but_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v neither_o light_n nor_o colour_n but_o the_o body_n itself_o which_o be_v lucid_a or_o enlighten_v or_o colour_v for_o light_n and_o colour_n be_v phantasm_n of_o the_o sentient_a can_v be_v accident_n of_o the_o object_n which_o be_v manifest_a enough_o from_o this_o that_o visible_a thing_n appear_v oftentimes_o in_o place_n in_o which_o we_o know_v assure_o they_o be_v not_o and_o that_o in_o different_a place_n they_o be_v of_o different_a colour_n and_o may_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o divers_a place_n motion_n rest_v magnitude_n and_o figure_n be_v common_a both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o touch_n and_o the_o whole_a appearance_n together_o of_o figure_n and_o light_n or_o colour_n be_v by_o the_o greek_n common_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o the_o latin_n species_n and_o imago_fw-la all_o which_o name_n signify_v no_o more_o but_o appearance_n the_o phantasm_n which_o be_v make_v by_o hear_v be_v sound_a by_o smell_n odour_n by_o taste_n savour_n and_o by_o touch_n hardness_n and_o softness_n heat_n and_o cold_a wetness_n oiliness_n and_o many_o more_o which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o sense_n then_o word_n smoothness_n roughness_n rarity_n and_o density_n refer_v to_o figure_n and_o be_v therefore_o common_a both_o to_o touch_v and_o sight_n and_o as_o for_o the_o object_n of_o hear_v smell_v taste_n and_o touch_v they_o be_v not_o sound_v odour_n savour_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o body_n themselves_o from_o which_o sound_n odour_n savour_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n proceed_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o and_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v produce_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o these_o phantasm_n though_o they_o be_v effect_n in_o the_o sentient_a as_o subject_a produce_v by_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o organ_n yet_o there_o be_v also_o other_o effect_n beside_o these_o produce_v by_o the_o same_o object_n in_o the_o same_o organ_n namely_o certain_a motion_n proceed_v from_o sense_n which_o be_v call_v animal_n motion_n for_o see_v in_o all_o sense_n of_o external_a thing_n there_o be_v mutual_a action_n and_o reaction_n that_o be_v two_o endeavour_n oppose_v one_o another_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o both_o of_o they_o together_o will_v be_v continue_v every_o way_n especial_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o the_o body_n and_o when_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o internal_a organ_n the_o endeavour_n outward_o will_v proceed_v in_o a_o solid_a angle_n which_o will_v be_v great_a and_o consequent_o the_o idea_n great_a than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v if_o the_o impression_n have_v be_v weak_a 11_o from_o hence_o the_o natural_a cause_n be_v manifest_a first_o why_o those_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v great_a which_o caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la be_v see_v in_o a_o great_a angle_n second_o why_o in_o a_o serene_a cold_a night_n when_o the_o moon_n do_v not_o shine_v more_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n appear_v then_o at_o another_o time_n for_o their_o action_n be_v less_o hinder_v by_o the_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o not_o obscure_v by_o the_o great_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v then_o absent_a and_o the_o cold_a make_v the_o air_n more_o press_v help_v or_o strengthen_v the_o action_n of_o the_o star_n upon_o our_o eye_n in_o so_o much_o as_o star_n may_v then_o be_v see_v which_o be_v see_v at_o no_o other_o time_n and_o this_o may_v suffice_v to_o be_v say_v in_o general_a concern_v sense_n make_v by_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o as_o for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o image_n the_o deception_n of_o sight_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o have_v experience_n in_o ourselves_o by_o sense_n be_v they_o depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o fabric_n itself_o of_o the_o eye_n of_o man_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o they_o then_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o man._n 12_o but_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o sense_n of_o which_o i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o this_o place_n namely_o the_o sense_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o heart_n outward_o but_o from_o continual_a action_n from_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n towards_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o original_n of_o life_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n that_o motion_n in_o the_o sentient_n which_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o heart_n must_v necessary_o make_v some_o alteration_n or_o diversion_n of_o vital_a motion_n namely_o by_o quicken_a or_o slacken_a help_a or_o hinder_v the_o same_o now_o when_o it_o help_v it_o be_v pleasure_n and_o when_o it_o hinder_v it_o be_v pain_n trouble_v grief_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o phantasm_n seem_v to_o be_v without_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o endeavour_n outward_o so_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o organ_n inward_o seem_v to_o be_v within_o namely_o there_o where_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n be_v as_o when_o the_o pain_n proceed_v from_o a_o wound_n we_o think_v the_o pain_n and_o the_o wound_n be_v both_o in_o the_o same_o place_n now_o vital_a motion_n be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n perpetual_o circulate_v as_o have_v be_v show_v from_o many_o infallible_a sign_n and_o mark_n by_o doctor_n harvey_n the_o first_o observer_n of_o it_o in_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n which_o motion_n when_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o motion_n make_v by_o the_o action_n of_o sensible_a object_n may_v be_v restore_v again_o either_o by_o bend_v or_o set_v straight_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v do_v when_o the_o spirit_n be_v carry_v now_o into_o these_o now_o into_o other_o nerve_n till_o the_o pain_n as_o far_o as_o be_v possible_a be_v quite_o take_v away_o but_o if_o vital_a motion_n be_v help_v by_o motion_n make_v by_o sense_n than_o the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n will_v be_v dispose_v to_o guide_v the_o spirit_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o conduce_v most_o to_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o in_o animal_n motion_n this_o be_v the_o very_a first_o endeavour_n and_o find_v even_o in_o the_o embryo_n which_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o womb_n move_v its_o limb_n with_o voluntary_a motion_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o whatsoever_o trouble_v it_o or_o for_o the_o pursue_v of_o what_o please_v it_o and_o this_o first_o endeavour_n when_o it_o tend_v towards_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v pleasant_a be_v call_v appetite_n that_o be_v a_o approach_v and_o when_o it_o shun_v what_o be_v troublesome_a aversion_n or_o fly_v from_o it_o and_o little_a infant_n at_o the_o beginning_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v have_v appetite_n to_o very_o few_o thing_n as_o also_o they_o avoid_v very_o few_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o want_n of_o experience_n and_o memory_n &_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o animal_n motion_n as_o we_o see_v in_o those_o that_o be_v more_o grow_v for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a without_o such_o knowledge_n as_o be_v derive_v from_o sense_n that_o be_v without_o experience_n and_o memory_n to_o know_v what_o will_v prove_v pleasant_a or_o hurtful_a only_o there_o be_v some_o place_n for_o conjecture_n from_o the_o look_n or_o aspect_n of_o thing_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o they_o do_v not_o know_v what_o may_v do_v they_o good_a or_o harm_n yet_o sometime_o they_o approach_v and_o sometime_o retire_v from_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o their_o doubt_n prompt_v they_o but_o afterward_o by_o accustom_v themselves_o by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o come_v to_o know_v ready_o what_o be_v to_o be_v pursue_v and_o what_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o also_o to_o have_v a_o ready_a use_n of_o their_o nerve_n and_o other_o organ_n in_o the_o pursue_n and_o avoid_v of_o good_a and_o bad_a wherefore_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n be_v the_o first_o endeavour_n of_o animal_n motion_n consequent_a to_o this_o first_o endeavour_n be_v the_o impulsion_n into_o the_o nerve_n and_o retraction_n again_o of_o animal_n spirit_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o be_v some_o receptacle_n on_o place_n near_o the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o this_o motion_n or_o endeavour_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o swell_a and_o relaxation_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o last_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o contraction_n and_o extension_n of_o the_o limb_n which_o be_v animal_n motion_n 13_o the_o consideration_n of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n be_v divers_a for_o see_v live_a creature_n have_v sometime_o appetite_n and_o
sometime_o aversion_n to_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o they_o think_v it_o will_v either_o be_v for_o their_o good_a or_o their_o hurt_n while_o that_o vicissitude_n of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n remain_v in_o they_o they_o have_v that_o series_n of_o thought_n which_o be_v call_v deliberation_n which_o last_v as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o obtain_v that_o which_o please_v or_o to_o avoid_v that_o which_o displease_v they_o appetite_n therefore_o and_o aversion_n be_v simple_o so_o call_v as_o long_o as_o they_o follow_v not_o deliberation_n but_o if_o deliberation_n have_v go_v before_o than_o the_o last_o act_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v appetite_n be_v call_v will_n if_o aversion_n unwillingness_n so_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v call_v both_o will_n and_o appetite_n but_o the_o consideration_n of_o they_o namely_o before_o and_o after_o deliberation_n be_v divers_a nor_o be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v within_o a_o man_n while_o he_o will_v any_o thing_n different_a from_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o other_o live_a creature_n while_o deliberation_n have_v precede_v they_o have_v appetite_n neither_o be_v the_o freedom_n of_o willing_a or_o not_o will_v great_a in_o man_n then_o in_o other_o live_a creature_n for_o where_o there_o be_v appetite_n the_o entire_a cause_n of_o appetite_n have_v precede_v and_o consequent_o the_o act_n of_o appetite_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o follow_v that_o be_v have_v of_o necessity_n follow_v as_o be_v show_v chapt._n 9th_o article_n 5._o and_o therefore_o such_o a_o liberty_n as_o be_v free_a from_o necessity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o will_v either_o of_o man_n or_o beast_n but_o if_o by_o liberty_n we_o understand_v the_o faculty_n or_o power_n not_o of_o willing_a but_o of_o do_v what_o they_o will_v then_o certain_o that_o liberty_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o both_o and_o both_o may_v equal_o have_v it_o whensover_v it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v again_o when_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n do_v with_o celerity_n succeed_v one_o another_o the_o whole_a series_n make_v by_o they_o have_v its_o name_n sometime_o from_o one_o sometime_o from_o the_o other_o for_o the_o same_o deliberation_n while_o it_o incline_v sometime_o to_o one_o sometime_o to_o the_o other_o be_v from_o appetite_n call_v hope_n and_o from_o aversion_n fear_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v fear_n but_o hate_v and_o where_o no_o fear_n not_o hope_n but_o desire_v to_o conclude_v all_o the_o passion_n call_v passion_n of_o the_o mind_n consist_v of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n except_o pure_a pleasure_n and_o pain_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a fruition_n of_o good_a or_o evil_a as_o anger_n be_v aversion_n from_o some_o imminent_a evil_n but_o such_o as_o be_v join_v with_o appetite_n of_o avoid_v that_o evil_a by_o force_n but_o because_o the_o passion_n and_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v innumerable_a and_o many_o of_o they_o not_o to_o be_v discern_v in_o any_o creature_n beside_o man_n i_o will_v speak_v of_o they_o more_o at_o large_a in_o that_o section_n which_o be_v concern_v man._n as_o for_o those_o object_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o stir_v the_o mind_n we_o be_v say_v to_o contemn_v they_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o sense_n in_o general_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o sensible_a object_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o star_n 1_o the_o magnitude_n and_o duration_n of_o the_o world_n inscrutable_a 2_o no_o place_n in_o the_o world_n empty_a 3_o the_o argument_n of_o lucretius_n for_o vacuum_n invalid_a 4_o other_o argument_n for_o the_o establish_n of_o vacuum_n invalid_a 5_o six_o supposition_n for_o the_o salve_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n 6_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n annual_a and_o diurnal_a and_o of_o the_o apparent_a direction_n station_n and_o retrogradation_n of_o the_o planet_n 7_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n why_o likely_a 8_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n 9_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o moon_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n 10_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o ocean_n 11_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinox_n 1_o consequent_a to_o the_o contemplation_n of_o sense_n be_v the_o contemplation_n of_o body_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n or_o object_n of_o sense_n now_o every_o object_n be_v either_o a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n or_o a_o aggregate_v of_o part_n the_o great_a of_o all_o body_n or_o sensible_a object_n be_v the_o world_n itself_o which_o we_o behold_v when_o we_o look_v round_o about_o we_o from_o this_o point_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o call_v the_o earth_n concern_v the_o world_n as_o it_o be_v one_o aggregate_v of_o many_o part_n the_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o inquiry_n be_v but_o few_o and_o those_o we_o can_v determine_v none_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o may_v inquire_v what_o be_v its_o magnitude_n what_o its_o duration_n and_o how_o many_o there_o be_v but_o nothing_o else_o for_o as_o for_o place_n and_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v magnitude_n and_o duration_n they_o be_v only_o our_o own_o fancy_n of_o a_o body_n simple_o so_o call_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o a_o body_n indefinite_o take_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o 7_o chapter_n all_o other_o phantasm_n be_v of_o body_n or_o object_n as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o one_o another_o as_o colour_n the_o phantasm_n of_o colour_a body_n sound_v of_o body_n that_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v etc._n etc._n the_o question_n concern_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o world_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a full_a or_o not_o full_a concern_v its_o duration_n whether_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n or_o be_v eternal_a and_o concern_v the_o number_n whether_o there_o be_v one_o or_o many_o though_o as_o concern_v the_o number_n if_o it_o be_v of_o infinite_a magnitude_n there_o can_v be_v no_o controversy_n at_o all_o also_o if_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n then_o by_o what_o cause_n and_o of_o what_o matter_n it_o be_v make_v and_o again_o from_o whence_o that_o cause_n and_o that_o matter_n have_v their_o be_v will_v be_v new_a question_n till_o at_o last_o we_o come_v to_o one_o or_o many_o eternal_a cause_n or_o cause_n and_o the_o determination_n of_o all_o these_o thing_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o profess_v the_o universal_a doctrine_n of_o philosophy_n in_o case_n as_o much_o can_v be_v know_v as_o can_v be_v seek_v but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v infinite_a can_v never_o be_v attain_v by_o a_o finite_a inquirer_n whatsoever_o we_o know_v that_o be_v man_n we_o learn_v it_o from_o our_o phantasm_n and_o of_o infinite_a whether_o magnitude_n or_o time_n there_o be_v no_o phantasm_n at_o all_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a either_o for_o a_o man_n or_o any_o other_o creature_n to_o have_v any_o conception_n of_o infinite_a and_o though_o a_o man_n may_v from_o some_o effect_n proceed_v to_o the_o immediate_a cause_n thereof_o &_o from_o that_o to_o a_o more_o remote_a cause_n and_o so_o ascend_v continual_o by_o right_a ratiocination_n from_o cause_n to_o cause_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o proceed_v eternal_o but_o weary_v will_v at_o last_o give_v over_o without_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o proceed_v to_o a_o end_n or_o not_o but_o whether_o we_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a no_o absurdity_n will_v follow_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o now_o appear_v may_v appear_v whether_o the_o creator_n have_v please_v it_o shall_v be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a beside_o though_o from_o this_o that_o nothing_o can_v move_v itself_o it_o may_v right_o be_v infer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o first_o eternal_a movent_fw-la yet_o it_o can_v never_o be_v infer_v though_o some_o use_n to_o make_v such_o inference_n that_o that_o movent_fw-la be_v eternal_o immovable_a but_o rather_o eternal_o move_v for_o as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v move_v by_o itself_o so_o it_o be_v true_a also_o that_o nothing_o be_v move_v but_o by_o that_o which_o be_v already_o move_v the_o question_n therefore_o about_o the_o magnitude_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o philosopher_n but_o by_o those_o that_o be_v lawful_o authorise_v to_o order_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n for_o as_o almighty_a god_n when_o he_o have_v bring_v his_o people_n into_o judaea_n allow_v the_o priest_n the_o first_o fruit_n reserve_v to_o himself_o so_o when_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o the_o world_n to_o the_o disputation_n of_o man_n it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n that_o
will_v remain_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v out_o wherefore_o the_o assertion_n of_o vacuum_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o very_a experiment_n which_o be_v here_o bring_v to_o establish_v it_o many_o other_o phaenomena_n be_v usual_o bring_v for_o vacuum_n as_o those_o of_o weather-glass_n aeolipile_n wind-gun_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v all_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v salve_v unless_o water_n be_v penetrable_a by_o air_n without_o the_o intermixture_n of_o empty_a space_n but_o now_o see_v air_n may_v with_o no_o great_a endeavour_n pass_v through_o not_o only_a water_n but_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n though_o never_o so_o stubborn_a as_o quicksilver_n these_o phaenomena_n prove_v nothing_o nevertheless_o it_o may_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v that_o he_o that_o will_v take_v away_o vacuum_n shall_v without_o vacuum_n show_v we_o such_o cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o least_o of_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a probability_n this_o therefore_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n but_o first_o the_o most_o general_a hypothesis_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v to_o be_v premise_v and_o see_v that_o supposition_n be_v put_v for_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o apparent_a effect_n every_o supposition_n except_o such_o as_o be_v absurd_a must_v of_o necessity_n consist_v of_o some_o suppose_a possible_a motion_n for_o rest_n can_v never_o be_v the_o essicient_a cause_n of_o any_o thing_n &_o motion_n suppose_v body_n movable_a of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n fluid_a consistent_a and_o mix_v of_o both_o fluid_fw-la be_v those_o who_o part_n may_v by_o very_o weak_a endeavonr_n be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o consistent_a those_o for_o the_o separation_n of_o who_o part_n great_a force_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v there_o be_v therefore_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o degree_n by_o comparison_n with_o more_o or_o less_o consistent_a have_v the_o name_n of_o hardness_n or_o softness_n wherefore_o a_o fluid_a body_n be_v always_o divisible_a into_o body_n equal_o fluid_a as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n and_o soft_a body_n of_o whatsoever_o degree_n of_o softness_n into_o soft_a body_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o though_o many_o man_n seem_v to_o conceive_v no_o other_o difference_n of_o fluidity_n but_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o different_a magnitude_n of_o the_o part_n in_o which_o sense_n dust_n though_o of_o diamond_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_a yet_o i_o understand_v by_o fluidity_n that_o which_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n equal_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n not_o as_o dust_n be_v fluid_a for_o so_o a_o house_n which_o be_v fall_v in_o piece_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_fw-la but_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o water_n seem_v fluid_a and_o to_o divide_v itself_o into_o part_n perpetual_o fluid_a and_o this_o be_v well_o understand_v i_o come_v to_o my_o supposition_n 5_o first_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o we_o call_v the_o world_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o body_n which_o be_v either_o consistent_a &_o visible_a as_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n or_o invisible_a as_o the_o small_a atom_n which_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o whole_a space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n and_o last_o that_o most_o fluid_a aether_n which_o so_o fill_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o that_o it_o leave_v in_o it_o no_o empty_a place_n at_o all_o second_o i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v both_o consistent_a and_o permanent_a have_v such_o order_n among_o themselves_o as_o that_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o first_o place_n mercury_n the_o second_o venus_n the_o three_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o moon_n go_v about_o it_o the_o four_o mars_n the_o five_o jupiter_n with_o his_o attendant_n the_o six_o saturn_n the_o seven_o and_o after_o these_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v their_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o sun_n three_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n there_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v a_o simple_a circular_a motion_n four_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v certain_a other_o body_n intermingle_v which_o be_v not_o fluid_a but_o withal_o that_o they_o be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o be_v not_o preceptible_a by_o sense_n and_o that_o these_o also_o have_v their_o proper_a simple_a motion_n and_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o some_o less_o hard_a or_o consistent_a five_o i_o suppose_v with_o kepler_n that_o as_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o body_n which_o be_v in_o they_o i_o will_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o shall_v seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o question_n 6_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o of_o the_o several_a variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v demonstrate_v first_o by_o copernicus_n and_o since_o by_o kepler_n galilaeus_fw-la and_o other_o from_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a revolution_n about_o its_o own_o axis_n together_o with_o its_o annual_a motion_n about_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o three_o by_o the_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o same_o earth_n about_o its_o own_o centre_n contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n be_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n be_v describe_v about_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o two_o annual_a motion_n they_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v always_o keep_v parallel_n to_o itself_o which_o parallelisme_n be_v for_o this_o reason_n introduce_v lest_o by_o the_o earth_n annual_a revolution_n its_o pole_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n contrary_a to_o experience_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 10_o artic._n of_o the_o â—â—th_v chap._n demonstrate_v from_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v thereby_o keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o from_o these_o two_o suppose_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o simple_a circular_a motion_n the_o other_o circular_a motion_n about_o it_o own_v centre_n it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o year_n have_v both_o the_o same_o variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o copernicus_n for_o if_o the_o circle_n abcd_v in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v the_o ecliptic_a who_o centre_n be_v e_o and_o diameter_n aec_fw-la and_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o a_o &_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v in_o the_o little_a circle_n fghi_fw-la namely_o according_a to_o the_o order_n f_o g_o h_o &_o i_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o body_n place_v in_o a_o will_v be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n through_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a a_o b_o c_o &_o d_o and_o will_v always_o keep_v its_o axis_n parallel_n to_o its_o self_n but_o if_o as_o i_o have_v suppose_v the_o earth_n also_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o a_o plain_a that_o pass_v through_o a_o cut_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o as_o that_o the_o common_a section_n of_o both_o the_o plain_n be_v in_o ac_fw-la thus_o also_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v about_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o epicycle_n who_o diameter_n be_v lak_a which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n lac_fw-la therefore_o lak_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o epicycle_n pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a wherefore_o see_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n both_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o in_o its_o epicycle_n the_o straight_a line_n lak_a be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o every_o other_o straight_o line_n also_o take_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o its_o axis_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v
reach_v the_o zodiac_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n will_v fall_v still_o upon_o the_o same_o fix_a star_n because_o the_o whole_a orb_n a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v no_o magnitude_n at_o all_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v now_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v in_o c_o it_o remain_v that_o i_o show_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n when_o in_o its_o annual_a motion_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o d_o then_o when_o it_o be_v in_o b._n and_o i_o take_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v this_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n at_o b_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n at_o d_o &_o then_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v towards_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v almost_o all_o dry_a land_n contain_v all_o europe_n and_o much_o the_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o america_n but_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n at_o d_o it_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o winter_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v towards_o the_o sun_n which_o contain_v those_o great_a sea_n call_v the_o south_n sea_n and_o the_o indian_a sea_n which_o be_v of_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o all_o the_o dry_a land_n in_o that_o hemisphere_n wherefore_o by_o the_o last_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o d_o it_o will_v come_v near_o to_o its_o first_o movent_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v in_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o earth_n be_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n when_o it_o be_v in_o d_o then_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o it_o be_v b_o and_o therefore_o during_o the_o winter_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o its_o perigaeum_n and_o in_o its_o apogaeum_n during_o the_o summer_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v i_o be_o therefore_o of_o keplers_n opinion_n in_o this_o that_o he_o attribute_n the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o and_o suppose_v one_o part_n to_o be_v affect_v and_o another_o disaffect_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o i_o dissent_v from_o he_o in_o this_o that_o he_o think_v it_o to_o be_v by_o magnetic_a virtue_n and_o that_o this_o magnetic_a virtue_n or_o attraction_n and_o thrust_v back_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v wrought_v by_o immateriate_a species_n which_o can_v be_v because_o nothing_o can_v give_v motion_n but_o a_o body_n move_v and_o contiguous_a for_o if_o those_o body_n be_v not_o move_v which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o a_o body_n unmoved_a how_o this_o body_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v move_v be_v not_o imaginable_a as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o seven_o article_n of_o the_o 9th_o chapter_n and_o often_o inculcate_v in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o end_n that_o philosopher_n may_v at_o last_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o such_o unconceivable_a connexion_n of_o word_n i_o dissent_v also_o from_o he_o in_o this_o that_o he_o say_v the_o similitude_n of_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o mutual_a attraction_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o one_o egg_n shall_v not_o be_v attract_v by_o another_o if_o therefore_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o affect_v by_o the_o sun_n than_o another_o part_n it_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o one_o part_n have_v more_o water_n the_o other_o more_o dry_a land_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v as_o i_o show_v above_o that_o the_o earth_n come_v near_a to_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o shine_v upon_o that_o part_n where_o there_o be_v more_o water_n then_o when_o it_o shine_v upon_o that_o where_o there_o be_v more_o dry_a land_n 9_o this_o excentricity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o way_n of_o its_o annual_a motion_n be_v not_o a_o perfect_a circle_n but_o either_o a_o elliptical_a or_o almost_o a_o elliptical_a line_n as_o also_o why_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o keep_v exact_o parallel_v to_o itself_o in_o all_o place_n but_o only_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n now_o see_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v about_o by_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n go_v about_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o show_v sometime_o one_o hemisphere_n sometime_o the_o other_o to_o the_o sun_n it_o remain_v to_o be_v inquire_v why_o the_o moon_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n suppose_v therefore_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o little_a circle_n f_o g_o h_o i_o in_o the_o four_o figure_n who_o centre_n be_v it_o and_o let_v ♈_o ♋_o ♎_o ♑_o be_v the_o annual_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o a_o the_o beginning_n of_o libra_n about_o the_o point_n a_o let_v the_o little_a circle_n l_o k_o be_v describe_v and_o in_o it_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n and_o both_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n upon_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o way_n of_o the_o moon_n m_o n_o o_o p_o be_v describe_v and_o let_v q_o r_o be_v the_o diameter_n of_o a_o circle_n cut_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o moon_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o one_o be_v see_v by_o we_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v at_o the_o full_a and_o the_o other_o be_v turn_v from_o we_o the_o diameter_n therefore_o of_o the_o moon_n q_o o_o r_o will_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n t_o a._n wherefore_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o o_o towards_o p._n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n if_o it_o be_v in_o p_o it_o will_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v carry_v from_o p_o towards_o o_o and_o by_o these_o two_o contrary_a movent_n the_o straight_a line_n q_o r_o will_v be_v turn_v about_o and_o in_o a_o quadrant_n of_o the_o circle_n m_o n_o o_o p_o it_o will_v be_v turn_v so_o much_o as_o make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o its_o whole_a conversion_n wherefore_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o p_o q_o r_o will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n m_o o._n second_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o m_o the_o straight_a line_n q_o r_o will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o m_o o._n but_o by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o quadrant_a p_o m_z toâ—_n same_o q_o r_o will_v be_v turn_v so_o much_o as_o make_v another_o quarter_n of_o its_o whole_a conversion_n when_o therefore_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o m_o q_o r_o will_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n o_o m._n by_o the_o same_o reason_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o n_o q_o r_o will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o straight_a line_n m_o o_fw-mi and_o the_o moon_n return_v to_o o_o the_o same_o q_o r_o will_v return_v to_o its_o first_o place_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v in_o one_o entire_a period_n make_v also_o one_o entire_a conversion_n upon_o her_o own_o axis_n in_o the_o make_n of_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v always_o turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n and_o if_o any_o diameter_n be_v take_v in_o that_o little_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v carry_v about_o with_o simple_a motion_n the_o same_o effect_n will_v follow_v for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o action_n from_o the_o sun_n every_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v be_v carry_v about_o always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v always_o turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o ecliptic_a we_o do_v not_o always_o see_v the_o same_o face_n precise_o for_o we_o see_v only_o that_o part_n which_o be_v illuminate_v but_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o the_o ecliptic_a that_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o we_o be_v not_o exact_o the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o be_v illuminate_v 10_o to_o these_o three_o simple_a motion_n one_o of_o the_o sun_n another_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o their_o own_o little_a circle_n f_o g_o h_o i_o l_o k_o &_o q_o r_o together_o with_o the_o diurnal_a
as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o triangle_n cgk_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o first_o light_n the_o transverse_a beam_n make_v greenesse_n and_o when_o the_o same_o second_o light_n be_v weak_a as_o in_o the_o triangle_n ckl_n they_o make_v a_o purple_a colour_n 14_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o cause_n why_o the_o moon_n and_o star_n appear_v big_a and_o red_a near_o the_o horizon_n then_o in_o the_o mid-heaven_n for_o between_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o apparent_a horizon_n there_o be_v more_o impure_a air_n such_o as_o be_v mingle_v with_o watery_a and_o earthy_a little_a body_n then_o be_v between_o the_o same_o eye_n and_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o heaven_n but_o vision_n be_v make_v by_o beam_n which_o constitute_v a_o cone_n who_o base_a if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o moon_n face_n and_o who_o vertex_fw-la be_v in_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o many_o beam_n from_o the_o moon_n must_v needs_o fall_v upon_o little_a body_n that_o be_v without_o the_o visual_a cone_n and_o be_v by_o they_o reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o these_o reflect_a beam_n tend_v all_o in_o line_n which_o be_v transverse_a to_o the_o visual_a cone_n and_o make_v at_o the_o eye_n a_o angle_n which_o be_v great_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o cone_n wherefore_o the_o moon_n appear_v great_a in_o the_o horizon_n then_o when_o she_o be_v more_o elevate_v and_o because_o those_o reflect_a beam_n go_v transverse_o there_o will_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o last_o article_n redness_n a_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o be_v show_v why_o the_o moon_n as_o also_o the_o star_n appear_v great_a and_o red_a in_o the_o horizon_n then_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o heaven_n the_o same_o also_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o the_o horizon_n great_a and_o of_o a_o colour_n more_o degenerate_v to_o yellow_a then_o when_o he_o be_v high_a elevate_v for_o the_o reflection_n from_o the_o little_a body_n between_o and_o the_o transverse_a motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v still_o the_o same_o but_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o that_o of_o the_o moon_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o last_o article_n his_o splendour_n must_v needs_o by_o this_o perturbation_n degenerate_a into_o yellowness_n but_o for_o the_o generation_n of_o these_o four_o colour_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v a_o prisma_fw-la for_o if_o it_o be_v spherical_a it_o will_v do_v the_o same_o for_o in_o a_o sphere_n the_o sunbeam_n be_v twice_o refract_v and_o twice_o reflect_v and_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o des_n cartes_n and_o with_o all_o that_o a_o rainbow_n never_o appear_v but_o when_o it_o rain_v as_o also_o that_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n have_v their_o figure_n almost_o spherical_a he_o have_v show_v from_o thence_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n in_o the_o rainbow_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v 15_o whiteness_n be_v light_a but_o light_v perturb_v by_o the_o reflection_n of_o many_o beam_n of_o light_a come_n to_o the_o eye_n together_o within_o a_o little_a space_n for_o if_o glass_n or_o any_o other_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v reduce_v to_o very_o small_a part_n by_o contusion_n or_o concussion_n every_o one_o of_o those_o part_n if_o the_o beam_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n be_v from_o any_o one_o point_n of_o the_o same_o reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n will_v represent_v to_o the_o beholder_n a_o idea_n or_o image_n of_o the_o whole_a lucid_a body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o phantasm_n of_o white_a for_o the_o strong_a light_n be_v the_o most_o white_a and_o therefore_o many_o such_o part_n will_v make_v many_o such_o image_n wherefore_o if_o those_o part_n lie_v thick_a and_o close_o together_o those_o many_o image_n will_v appear_v confuse_o and_o will_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o confuse_a light_n represent_v a_o white_a colour_n so_o that_o from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o glass_n beat_v that_o be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n look_v white_a also_o why_o water_n and_o snow_n be_v white_a they_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o heap_n of_o very_o small_a diaphanous_a body_n namely_o of_o little_a bubble_n from_o who_o several_a convex_a superficies_n there_o be_v by_o reflection_n make_v several_a confuse_a phantasm_n of_o the_o whole_a lucid_a body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whiteness_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n salt_n and_o nitre_n be_v white_a as_o consist_v of_o small_a bubble_n which_o contain_v within_o they_o water_n and_o aire_n as_o be_v manifest_a in_o nitre_n from_o this_o that_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o fire_n it_o violent_o blow_v the_o same_o which_o salt_n also_o do_v but_o with_o less_o violence_n but_o if_o a_o white_a body_n be_v expose_v not_o to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o day_n but_o to_o that_o of_o the_o fire_n or_o of_o a_o candle_n it_o will_v not_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n be_v easy_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v white_a or_o yellow_a the_o cause_n whereof_o may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o light_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o burn_v and_o flame_n be_v almost_o of_o a_o middle_a colour_n between_o whiteness_n and_o yellowness_n 16_o as_o whiteness_n be_v light_a so_o blackness_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o light_n or_o darkness_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v first_o that_o all_o holes_n from_o which_o no_o light_n can_v be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n appear_v black_n second_o that_o when_o a_o body_n have_v little_a eminent_a particle_n erect_v straight_o up_o from_o the_o superficies_n so_o that_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n which_o fall_n upon_o they_o be_v reflect_v not_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o the_o body_n itself_o that_o superficies_n appear_v black_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sea_n appear_v black_a when_o ruffle_v by_o the_o wind._n three_o that_o any_o combustible_a matter_n be_v by_o the_o fire_n make_v to_o look_v black_a before_o it_o shine_v for_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v to_o dissipate_v the_o small_a part_n of_o such_o body_n as_o be_v throw_v into_o it_o it_o must_v first_o raise_v and_o erect_v those_o part_n before_o it_o can_v work_v their_o dissipation_n if_o therefore_o the_o fire_n be_v put_v out_o before_o the_o part_n be_v total_o dissipate_v the_o coal_n will_v appear_v black_a for_o the_o part_n be_v only_o erect_v the_o beam_n of_o light_n fall_v upon_o they_o will_v not_o be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o the_o coal_n itself_o four_o that_o burn_a glass_n do_v more_o easy_o burn_v black_a thing_n then_o white_a for_o in_o a_o white_a superficies_n the_o eminent_a part_n be_v convex_a like_o little_a bubble_n and_o therefore_o the_o beam_n of_o light_n which_o fall_n upon_o they_o be_v reflect_v every_o way_n from_o the_o reflect_a body_n but_o in_o a_o black_a superficies_n where_o the_o eminent_a particle_n be_v more_o erect_v the_o beam_n of_o light_n fall_v upon_o they_o be_v all_o necessary_o reflect_v towards_o the_o body_n itself_o and_o therefore_o body_n that_o be_v black_a be_v more_o easy_o set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sunbeam_n than_o those_o that_o be_v white_a five_o that_o all_o colour_n that_o be_v make_v of_o the_o mixture_n of_o white_a and_o black_a proceed_v from_o the_o different_a position_n of_o the_o particle_n that_o rise_v above_o the_o superficies_n and_o their_o different_a form_n of_o asperity_n for_o according_a to_o these_o difference_n more_o or_o few_o beam_n of_o light_n be_v reflect_v from_o several_a body_n to_o the_o eye_n but_o in_o regard_n those_o difference_n be_v innumerable_a and_o the_o body_n themselves_o so_o small_a that_o we_o can_v perceive_v they_o the_o explication_n and_o precise_a determination_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o colour_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a difficulty_n that_o i_o dare_v not_o undertake_v it_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o cold_a wind_n hard_a ice_n restitution_n of_o body_n bend_v diaphanous_a lightning_n and_o thunder_n and_o of_o the_o head_n of_o river_n 1_o why_o breath_n from_o the_o same_o mouth_n sometime_o heat_n and_o sometime_o cool_v 2_o wind_n and_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o wind_n whence_o 3_o why_o there_o be_v a_o constant_a though_o not_o a_o great_a wind_n from_o east_n to_o west_n near_o the_o equator_fw-la 4_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o air_n pen_v in_o between_o the_o cloud_n 5_o no_o change_n from_o soft_a to_o hard_a but_o by_o motion_n 6_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o cold_a near_o the_o pole_n 7_o the_o cause_n of_o ice_n and_o why_o the_o cold_a be_v more_o remiss_a in_o rainy_a then_o in_o clear_a weather_n why_o water_n do_v not_o freeze_v in_o deep_a well_n as_o it_o do_v near_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n why_o ice_n be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o water_n and_o why_o wine_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o freeze_v
not_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o their_o future_a motion_n there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o motion_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o such_o restitution_n be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o steel_n itself_o wherefore_o while_o it_o remain_v bend_v there_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v some_o motion_n though_o invisible_a that_o be_v to_o say_v some_o endeavour_n at_o least_o that_o way_n by_o which_o the_o restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o therefore_o this_o endeavour_n of_o all_o the_o part_n together_o be_v the_o first_o beginning_n of_o restitution_n so_o that_o the_o impediment_n be_v remove_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o force_n by_o which_o it_o be_v hold_v bend_v it_o will_v be_v restore_v again_o now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n by_o which_o this_o be_v do_v be_v that_o which_o i_o call_v simple_a motion_n or_o motion_n return_v into_o itself_o when_o therefore_o in_o the_o bend_n of_o a_o plate_n the_o end_n be_v draw_v together_o there_o be_v on_o one_o side_n a_o mutual_a compression_n of_o the_o part_n which_o compression_n be_v one_o endeavour_v opposite_a to_o another_o endeavour_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o divulsion_n of_o the_o part_n the_o endeavour_n therefore_o of_o the_o part_n on_o one_o side_n tend_v to_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o plate_n from_o the_o middle_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n from_o the_o end_n towards_o the_o middle_n wherefore_o the_o impediment_n be_v take_v away_o this_o endeavour_n which_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o restitution_n will_v restore_v the_o plate_n to_o its_o former_a posture_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o some_o body_n when_o they_o be_v bend_v restore_v themselves_o again_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v as_o for_o stone_n see_v they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o accretion_n of_o many_o very_a hard_a particle_n within_o the_o earth_n which_o particle_n have_v no_o great_a coherence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v touch_v one_o another_o in_o small_a latitude_n and_o consequent_o admit_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o bend_v of_o they_o their_o internal_a part_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v compress_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o hardness_n and_o because_o their_o coherence_n be_v not_o firm_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o external_a hard_a particle_n be_v disjoin_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v necessary_o break_v out_o and_o so_o the_o body_n will_v sudden_o be_v break_v 13_o those_o body_n be_v call_v diaphanous_a upon_o which_o while_o the_o beam_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n do_v work_n the_o action_n of_o every_o one_o of_o those_o beam_n be_v propagate_v in_o they_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o order_n among_o themselves_o or_o the_o inversion_n of_o that_o order_n and_o therefore_o body_n which_o be_v perfect_o diaphanous_a be_v also_o perfect_o homogeneous_a on_o the_o contrary_a a_o opacous_a body_n be_v that_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o heterogeneous_a nature_n do_v by_o innumerable_a reflection_n and_o refraction_n in_o particle_n of_o different_a figure_n and_o unequal_a hardness_n weaken_v the_o beam_n that_o fall_v upon_o it_o before_o they_o reach_v the_o eye_n and_o of_o diaphanous_a body_n some_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n from_o the_o beginning_n as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o water_n and_o perhaps_o also_o some_o part_n of_o stone_n unless_o these_o also_o be_v water_n that_o have_v be_v long_o congeal_v other_o be_v make_v so_o by_o the_o power_n of_o heat_n which_o congregate_n homogeneon_n body_n but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v diaphanous_a in_o this_o manner_n consist_v of_o part_n which_o be_v former_o diaphanous_a 14_o in_o what_o manner_n cloud_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n elevate_a the_o particle_n of_o water_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o moist_a place_n have_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o 26_o chapter_n also_o how_o cloud_n come_v to_o be_v freeze_v have_v be_v show_v above_o at_o the_o seven_o article_n now_o from_o this_o that_o air_n may_v be_v enclose_v as_o it_o be_v in_o cavern_n and_o pen_v together_o more_o and_o more_o by_o the_o meeting_n of_o ascend_v and_o descend_v cloud_n may_v be_v deduce_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n for_o see_v the_o air_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n the_o one_o aethereal_a which_o have_v no_o proper_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o as_o be_v a_o thing_n divisible_a into_o the_o least_o part_n the_o other_o hard_o namely_o consist_v of_o many_o hard_a atom_n which_o have_v every_o one_o of_o they_o a_o very_a swift_a simple_a motion_n of_o its_o own_o while_o the_o cloud_n by_o their_o meeting_n do_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v such_o cavity_n as_o they_o intercept_v the_o aethereal_a part_n will_v penetrate_v and_o pass_v through_o their_o watery_a substance_n but_o the_o hard_a part_n will_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v the_o more_o thrust_v together_o and_o press_v one_o another_o and_o consequent_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o vehement_a motion_n they_o will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n to_o rebound_v from_o each_o other_o whensoever_o therefore_o the_o compression_n be_v great_a enough_o and_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o the_o cloud_n be_v for_o the_o cause_n i_o have_v already_o give_v congeal_v into_o ice_n the_o cloud_n will_v necessary_o be_v break_v &_o this_o break_n of_o the_o cloud_n produce_v the_o first_o clap_n of_o thunder_n afterward_o the_o air_n which_o be_v pen_v in_o have_v now_o break_v through_o make_v a_o concussion_n of_o the_o air_n without_o and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o roar_a and_o murmur_n which_o follow_v and_o both_o the_o first_o clap_n and_o the_o murmur_n that_o follow_v it_o make_v that_o noise_n which_o be_v call_v thunder_n also_o from_o the_o same_o air_n break_v through_o the_o cloud_n and_o with_o concussion_n fall_v upon_o the_o eye_n proceed_v that_o action_n upon_o our_o eye_n which_o cause_v in_o we_o a_o perception_n of_o that_o light_n which_o we_o call_v lightning_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n 15_o but_o if_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v into_o cloud_n do_v run_v together_o again_o into_o water_n or_o be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n from_o whence_o be_v it_o see_v both_o ice_n and_o water_n be_v heavy_a that_o they_o be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n or_o rather_o what_o may_v the_o cause_n be_v that_o be_v once_o elevate_v they_o fall_v down_o again_o for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o same_o force_n which_o can_v carry_v up_o that_o water_n can_v also_o sustain_v it_o there_o why_o therefore_o be_v once_o carry_v up_o do_v it_o fall_v again_o i_o say_v it_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n both_o that_o vapour_n be_v force_v to_o ascend_v and_o that_o water_n gather_v into_o cloud_n be_v force_v to_o descend_v for_o in_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n and_o 11_o article_n i_o have_v show_v how_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v and_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n and_o 5_o article_n i_o have_v also_o show_v how_o by_o the_o same_o motion_n homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v &_o heterogeneous_a dissipate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v a_o like_a nature_n to_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v drive_v towards_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n now_o if_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v hinder_v in_o the_o raise_n of_o vapour_n and_o be_v not_o at_o all_o hinder_v in_o the_o cast_n of_o they_o down_o the_o water_n will_v descend_v but_o a_o cloud_n can_v hinder_v the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o make_v thing_n of_o a_o earthly_a nature_n descend_v to_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v hinder_v it_o in_o make_v vapour_n ascend_v for_o the_o low_a part_n of_o a_o thick_a cloud_n be_v so_o cover_v by_o its_o upper_a part_n as_o that_o it_o can_v receive_v that_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o vapour_n be_v carry_v up_o because_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o perpetual_a fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n or_o by_o the_o separate_n of_o its_o small_a part_n from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v much_o weak_a when_o he_o thick_a cloud_n be_v interpose_v then_o when_o the_o sky_n be_v clear_a and_o therefore_o whensoever_o a_o cloud_n be_v make_v thick_a enough_o the_o water_n which_o will_v not_o descend_v before_o will_v then_o descend_v unless_o it_o be_v keep_v up_o by_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n both_o why_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v sustain_v in_o the_o air_n and_o also_o why_o they_o may_v fall_v down_o again_o to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v propound_v to_o
in_o all_o concussion_n a_o reciprocation_n of_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o in_o the_o part_n strike_v for_o opposite_a motion_n can_v extinguish_v one_o another_o in_o a_o instant_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 11_o art_n of_o the_o 8_o chap._n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o sound_n will_v both_o continue_v and_o grow_v weak_a and_o weak_a till_o at_o last_o the_o action_n of_o the_o reciprocate_a air_n grow_v so_o weak_a as_o to_o be_v unperceptible_a wherefore_o a_o possible_a cause_n be_v give_v both_o of_o the_o first_o fierce_a noise_n of_o the_o thunder_n and_o also_o of_o the_o murmur_n that_o follow_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a sound_n from_o a_o discharge_v piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v like_o that_o of_o a_o clap_n of_o thunder_n for_o the_o gunpowder_n be_v fire_v do_v in_o its_o endeavour_n to_o go_v out_o attempt_v every_o way_n the_o side_n of_o the_o metal_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o enlarge_v the_o circumference_n all_o along_o and_o withal_o shorten_v the_o axis_fw-la so_o that_o while_o the_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n be_v in_o discharge_v it_o be_v make_v both_o wide_a and_o short_a than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o also_o present_o after_o it_o be_v discharge_v its_o wideness_n will_v be_v diminish_v and_o its_o length_n increase_v again_o by_o the_o restitution_n of_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o their_o former_a position_n and_o this_o be_v do_v with_o such_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n as_o be_v not_o only_o very_o vehement_a but_o also_o opposite_a to_o one_o another_o which_o motion_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o air_n make_v impression_n upon_o the_o organ_n and_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n create_v a_o sound_n which_o last_v for_o some_o time_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o this_o article_n i_o note_v by_o the_o way_n as_o not_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o possible_a cause_n why_o a_o gun_n recoil_v when_o it_o be_v shoot_v off_o may_v be_v this_o that_o be_v first_o swell_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o afterward_o restore_v itself_o from_o this_o restitution_n there_o proceed_v a_o endeavour_n from_o all_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o cavity_n and_o consequent_o this_o endeavour_n be_v in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v next_o the_o breech_n which_o be_v not_o hollow_a but_o solid_a the_o effect_n of_o the_o restitution_n be_v by_o it_o hinder_v and_o divert_v into_o the_o length_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o the_o breech_n and_o the_o whole_a gun_n be_v thrust_v backward_o and_o the_o more_o forcible_o by_o how_o much_o the_o force_n be_v great_a by_o which_o the_o part_n next_o the_o breech_n be_v restore_v to_o its_o former_a posture_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o how_o much_o the_o thin_a be_v that_o part_n the_o cause_n therefore_o why_o gun_n recoil_v some_o more_o some_o less_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o their_o thickness_n towards_o the_o breech_n &_o the_o great_a that_o thickness_n be_v the_o less_o they_o recoil_v and_o contrary_o 6_o also_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o pipe_n which_o be_v make_v by_o blow_v into_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o clear_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v make_v by_o collision_n for_o if_o the_o breath_n when_o it_o be_v blow_v into_o a_o pipe_n do_v only_o rake_v its_o concave_a superficies_n or_o fall_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o very_a sharp_a angle_n of_o incidence_n the_o sound_n will_v not_o be_v clear_a but_o hoarse_a but_o if_o the_o angle_n be_v great_a enough_o the_o percussion_n which_o be_v make_v against_o one_o of_o the_o hollow_a side_n will_v be_v reverberate_v to_o the_o opposite_a side_n and_o so_o successive_a repercussion_n will_v be_v make_v from_o side_n to_o side_n till_o at_o last_o the_o whole_a concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v put_v into_o motion_n which_o motion_n will_v be_v reciprocate_v as_o it_o be_v in_o collision_n and_o this_o reciprocation_n be_v propagate_v to_o the_o organ_n from_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n will_v arise_v a_o clear_a sound_n such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o collision_n or_o by_o break_v asunder_o of_o hard_a body_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v with_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o man_n voice_n for_o when_o the_o breath_n pass_v out_o without_o interruption_n and_o do_v but_o light_o touch_v the_o cavity_n through_o which_o it_o be_v send_v the_o sound_v it_o make_v be_v a_o hoarse_a sound_n but_o if_o in_o go_v out_o it_o strike_v strong_o upon_o the_o larinx_n than_o a_o clear_a sound_n be_v make_v as_o in_o a_o pipe_n and_o the_o same_o breath_n as_o it_o come_v in_o divers_a manner_n to_o the_o palate_n the_o tongue_n the_o lip_n the_o tooth_n and_o other_o organ_n of_o speech_n so_o the_o sound_v into_o which_o it_o be_v articulate_v become_v different_a from_o one_o another_o 7_o i_o call_v that_o primary_n sound_v which_o be_v generate_v by_o motion_n from_o the_o sound_a body_n to_o the_o organ_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n without_o reflection_n and_o i_o call_v that_o reflect_v sound_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o one_o or_o more_o reflection_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o we_o call_v echo_n and_o be_v iterate_v as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v reflection_n make_v from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o eare._n and_o these_o reflection_n be_v make_v by_o hill_n wall_n and_o other_o resist_a body_n so_o place_v as_o that_o they_o make_v more_o or_o few_o reflection_n of_o the_o motion_n according_a as_o they_o be_v themselves_o more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n and_o they_o make_v they_o more_o or_o less_o frequent_o according_a as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o now_o the_o cause_n of_o both_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o reflect_a body_n as_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o sight_n for_o the_o law_n of_o reflection_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o namely_o that_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o if_o therefore_o in_o a_o hollow_a elliptique_a body_n who_o inside_n be_v well_o polish_a or_o in_o two_o right_a parabolical_a solid_n which_o be_v join_v together_o by_o one_o common_a base_a there_o be_v place_v a_o sound_a body_n in_o one_o of_o the_o burn_a point_n &_o the_o ear_n in_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v hear_v a_o sound_n by_o many_o degree_n great_a than_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o both_o this_o and_o the_o burn_a of_o such_o combustible_a thing_n as_o be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v effect_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o as_o when_o the_o visible_a object_n be_v place_v in_o one_o of_o the_o burn_a point_n it_o be_v not_o distinct_o see_v in_o the_o other_o because_o every_o part_n of_o the_o object_n be_v see_v in_o every_o line_n which_o be_v reflect_v from_o the_o concave_a superficies_n to_o the_o eye_n make_v a_o confusion_n in_o the_o sight_n so_o neither_o be_v sound_v hear_v articulate_o and_o distinct_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o ear_n in_o all_o those_o reflect_a line_n and_o this_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o church_n which_o have_v arch_v rooff_n though_o they_o be_v neither_o elliptical_a nor_o parabolical_a yet_o because_o their_o figure_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o these_o the_o voice_n from_o the_o pulpit_n will_v not_o be_v hear_v so_o articulate_o as_o it_o will_v be_v if_o there_o be_v no_o vault_v at_o all_o 8_o concern_v the_o uniformity_n and_o duration_n of_o sound_n both_o which_o have_v one_o common_a cause_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o such_o body_n as_o be_v strike_v yield_v a_o unequal_a or_o harsh_a sound_n be_v very_o heterogeous_a that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o consist_v of_o part_n which_o be_v very_o unlike_a both_o in_o figure_n and_o hardness_n such_o as_o be_v wood_n stones_n and_o other_o not_o a_o few_o when_o these_o be_v strike_v there_o follow_v a_o concussion_n of_o their_o internal_a particle_n and_o a_o restitution_n of_o they_o again_o but_o they_o be_v neither_o move_v alike_o nor_o have_v they_o the_o same_o action_n upon_o one_o another_o some_o of_o they_o recoil_v from_o the_o stroke_n while_o other_o which_o have_v already_o finish_v their_o recoyling_n be_v now_o return_v by_o which_o mean_n they_o hinder_v and_o stop_v on_o another_o and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o their_o motion_n be_v not_o only_o unequal_a and_o harsh_a but_o also_o that_o their_o reciprocation_n come_v to_o be_v quick_o extinguish_v whensoever_o therefore_o this_o motion_n be_v propagate_v to_o the_o ear_n the_o sound_v it_o make_v be_v unequal_a and_o of_o small_a duration_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o a_o body_n
of_o the_o cause_n of_o smell_v i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o evidence_n of_o these_o follow_a phaenomena_n first_o that_o smell_a be_v hinder_v by_o cold_a and_o help_v by_o heat_n second_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o object_n the_o smell_n be_v the_o strong_a and_o contrary_o when_o it_o blow_v from_o the_o sentient_a towards_o the_o object_n the_o weak_a both_o which_o phaenomena_n be_v by_o experience_n manifest_o find_v to_o be_v true_a in_o dog_n which_o follow_v the_o tract_n of_o beast_n by_o the_o sent._n three_o that_o such_o body_n as_o be_v less_o pervious_a to_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la yield_v less_o smell_n than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o pervious_a as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o stone_n and_o metal_n which_o compare_v with_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n and_o their_o part_n fruit_n and_o excretion_n have_v very_o little_a or_o no_o smell_n at_o all_o four_o that_o such_o body_n as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n odorous_a become_v yet_o more_o odorous_a when_o they_o be_v bruise_v five_o that_o when_o the_o breath_n be_v stop_v at_o least_o in_o man_n nothing_o can_v be_v smell_v six_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v also_o take_v away_o by_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o nostril_n though_o the_o mouth_n be_v leave_v open_a 13_o by_o the_o four_o and_o five_o phaenomenon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o and_o immediate_a organ_n of_o smell_a be_v the_o innermost_a cuticle_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v below_o the_o passage_n common_a to_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o palate_n for_o when_o we_o draw_v breath_n by_o the_o nostril_n we_o draw_v it_o into_o the_o lung_n that_o breath_n therefore_o which_o convey_v smell_v be_v in_o the_o way_n which_o pass_v to_o the_o lung_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o nostril_n which_o be_v below_o the_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o breath_n go_v for_o nothing_o be_v smell_v neither_o beyond_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o breath_n within_o nor_o at_o all_o without_o the_o nostril_n and_o see_v that_o from_o different_a smell_v there_o must_v necessary_o proceed_v some_o mutation_n in_o the_o organ_n and_o all_o mutation_n be_v motion_n it_o be_v therefore_o also_o necessary_a that_o in_o smell_a the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o that_o internal_a cuticle_n and_o the_o nerve_n that_o be_v insert_v into_o it_o must_v be_v diverse_o move_v by_o different_a smell_v and_o see_v also_o that_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v move_v but_o by_o a_o body_n that_o be_v already_o move_v and_o contiguous_a and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o nostril_n but_o breath_n that_o be_v to_o say_v attract_v air_n and_o such_o little_a solid_a invisible_a body_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o as_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o air_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o smell_a be_v either_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o pure_a air_n or_o aethereal_a substance_n or_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o small_a body_n but_o this_o motion_n be_v a_o effect_n procede_v from_o the_o object_n of_o smell_n and_o therefore_o either_o the_o whole_a object_n itself_o or_o its_o several_a part_n must_v necessary_o be_v move_v now_o we_o know_v that_o odorous_a body_n make_v odour_n though_o their_o whole_a bulk_n be_v not_o move_v wherefore_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o invisible_a part_n of_o the_o odorous_a body_n and_o these_o invisible_a part_n do_v either_o go_v out_o of_o the_o object_n or_o else_o retain_v their_o former_a situation_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n be_v move_v together_o with_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o have_v simple_a and_o invisible_a motion_n they_o that_o say_v there_o go_v something_o out_o of_o the_o odorous_a body_n call_v it_o a_o effluvium_fw-la which_o effluvium_fw-la be_v either_o of_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n or_o of_o the_o small_a body_n that_o be_v intermingle_v with_o it_o but_o that_o all_o variety_n of_o odour_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o effluvium_n of_o those_o small_a body_n that_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v altogether_o incredible_a for_o these_o consideration_n first_o that_o certain_a unguent_n though_o very_o little_a in_o quantity_n do_v nevertheless_o send_v forth_o very_o strong_a odour_n not_o only_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n of_o place_n but_o also_o to_o a_o great_a continuance_n of_o time_n and_o be_v to_o be_v smell_v in_o every_o point_n both_o of_o that_o place_n and_o time_n so_o that_o the_o part_n issue_v out_o be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v ten_o thousand_o time_n more_o space_n than_o the_o whole_a odorous_a body_n be_v able_a to_o fill_v which_o be_v impossible_a second_o that_o whether_o that_o issue_v out_o be_v with_o straight_o or_o with_o crooked_a motion_n if_o the_o same_o quantity_n shall_v flow_v from_o any_o other_o odorous_a body_n with_o the_o same_o motion_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o odorous_a body_n will_v yield_v the_o same_o smell_n three_o that_o see_v those_o effluvium_n have_v great_a velocity_n of_o motion_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o this_o that_o noisome_a odour_n proceed_v from_o cavern_n be_v present_o smell_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o by_o reason_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o those_o effluvium_n to_o the_o organ_n such_o motion_n alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v smell_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o we_o can_v smell_v at_o all_o unless_o we_o draw_v in_o our_o breath_n through_o our_o nostril_n smell_a therefore_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o effluvium_fw-la of_o atom_n nor_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v it_o cause_v by_o the_o effluvium_fw-la of_o aethereal_a substance_n for_o so_o also_o we_o shall_v smell_v without_o the_o draw_n in_o of_o our_o breath_n beside_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o odorous_a body_n they_o will_v always_o affect_v the_o organ_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o consequent_o the_o odour_n of_o all_o thing_n will_v be_v like_a it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o smell_a must_v consist_v in_o the_o simple_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o odorous_a body_n without_o any_o efflux_n or_o diminution_n of_o their_o whole_a substance_n and_o by_o this_o motion_n there_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o organ_n by_o the_o intermediate_v air_n the_o like_a motion_n but_o not_o strong_a enough_o to_o excite_v sense_n of_o itself_o without_o the_o attraction_n of_o air_n by_o respiration_n and_o this_o be_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o smell_a 14_o the_o cause_n why_o smell_a be_v hinder_v by_o cold_a and_o help_v by_o heat_n may_v be_v this_o that_o heat_v as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 21_o chapter_n generate_v simple_a motion_n and_o therefore_o also_o wheresoever_o it_o be_v already_o there_o it_o will_v increase_v it_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o smell_a being_n increase_v the_o smell_n itself_o will_v also_o be_v increase_v as_o for_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o object_n make_v the_o smell_n the_o strong_a it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o that_o for_o which_o the_o attraction_n of_o air_n in_o respiration_n do_v the_o same_o for_o he_o that_o draw_v in_o the_o air_n next_o to_o he_o draws_z with_o it_o by_o succession_n that_o air_n in_o which_o be_v the_o object_n now_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v wind_n and_o when_o another_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o object_n will_v be_v increase_v by_o it_o 15_o that_o body_n which_o contain_v the_o least_o quantity_n of_o air_n as_o stones_z and_o metal_n yield_v less_o smell_n than_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v that_o the_o motion_n which_o cause_v smell_a be_v a_o motion_n of_o the_o fluid_a part_n only_o which_o part_n if_o they_o have_v any_o motion_n from_o the_o hard_a part_n in_o which_o they_o be_v contain_v they_o communicate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o open_a air_n by_o which_o it_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o organ_n where_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fluid_a part_n as_o in_o metal_n or_o where_o the_o fluid_a part_n receive_v no_o motion_n from_o the_o hard_a part_n as_o in_o stone_n which_o be_v make_v hard_o by_o accretion_n there_o can_v be_v no_o smell_n and_o therefore_o also_o the_o water_n who_o part_n have_v little_a or_o no_o motion_n yield_v no_o smell_n but_o if_o the_o same_o water_n by_o seed_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v together_o with_o particle_n of_o earth_n raise_v into_o a_o plant_n and_o be_v afterward_o press_v out_o again_o it_o will_v be_v odorous_a as_o wine_n from_o the_o vine_n and_o as_o water_n pass_v through_o plant_n be_v by_o the_o motion_n
in_o like_a manner_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o noxious_a matter_n contain_v in_o cb_n &_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o pit_n be_v for_o that_o time_n make_v healthful_a out_o of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o write_v only_o to_o such_o as_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o without_o any_o design_n to_o support_v my_o philosophy_n with_o story_n of_o doubtful_a credit_n may_v be_v collect_v the_o follow_v possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a matter_n fluid_fw-la &_o most_o transparent_a and_o not_o much_o light_a than_o water_n which_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n fill_v the_o pit_n to_o c_o and_o that_o in_o this_o matter_n as_o in_o water_n both_o fire_n and_o live_a creature_n be_v extinguish_v 15_o about_o the_o nature_n of_o heavy_a body_n the_o great_a difficulty_n arise_v from_o the_o contemplation_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o make_v other_o heavy_a body_n ascend_v to_o they_o such_o be_v jet_n amber_n and_o the_o loadstone_n but_o that_o which_o trouble_v man_n most_o be_v the_o loadstone_n which_o be_v also_o call_v lapis_fw-la herculeus_fw-la a_o stone_n though_o otherwise_o despicable_a yet_o of_o so_o great_a power_n that_o it_o take_v up_o iron_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o hold_v it_o suspend_v in_o the_o air_n as_o hercules_n do_v antaeus_n nevertheless_o we_o wonder_v at_o it_o somewhat_o the_o less_o because_o we_o see_v jet_n draw_v up_o straw_n which_o be_v heavy_a body_n though_o not_o so_o heavy_a as_o iron_n but_o as_o for_o jet_n it_o must_v first_o be_v excite_v by_o rub_v that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o motion_n to_o and_o fro_o whereas_o the_o loadstone_n have_v sufficient_a excitation_n from_o its_o own_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o some_o internal_a principle_n of_o motion_n peculiar_a to_o itself_o now_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v be_v move_v by_o some_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n as_o have_v be_v former_o demonstrate_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o first_o endeavour_n which_o iron_n have_v towards_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o air_n which_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o iron_n also_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v generate_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o next_o air_n and_o so_o on_o successive_o till_o by_o this_o succession_n we_o find_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o the_o intermediate_v air_n take_v its_o beginning_n from_o some_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o which_o motion_n because_o the_o loadstone_n seem_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n be_v invisible_a it_o be_v therefore_o certain_a that_o the_o attractive_a power_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a particle_n thereof_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o those_o small_a body_n of_o which_o the_o loadstone_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n compose_v have_v by_o nature_n such_o motion_n or_o endeavour_v as_o be_v above_o attribute_v to_o jet_v namely_o a_o reciprocal_a motion_n in_o a_o line_n too_o short_a to_o be_v see_v both_o those_o stone_n will_v have_v one_o &_o the_o same_o cause_n of_o attraction_n now_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o in_o what_o order_n of_o work_v this_o cause_n produce_v the_o effect_n of_o attraction_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v and_o first_o we_o know_v that_o when_o the_o string_n of_o a_o lute_n or_o viol._n be_v strike_v the_o vibration_n that_o be_v the_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o that_o string_n in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n cause_v like_o vibration_n in_o another_o string_n which_o have_v like_o tension_n we_o know_v also_o that_o the_o dregs_o or_o small_a sand_n which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o vessel_n will_v be_v raise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n by_o any_o strong_a and_o reciprocal_a agitation_n of_o the_o water_n stir_v with_o the_o hand_n or_o with_o a_o staff_n why_o therefore_o shall_v not_o reciprocal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n contribute_v as_o much_o towards_o the_o move_n of_o iron_n for_o if_o in_o the_o loadstone_n there_o be_v suppose_v such_o reciprocal_a motion_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n forward_o and_o backward_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o like_a motion_n will_v be_v propagate_v by_o the_o air_n to_o the_o iron_n and_o consequent_o that_o there_o will_v be_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o iron_n the_o same_o reciprocation_n or_o motion_n forward_o and_o backward_o and_o from_o hence_o also_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o intermediate_v air_n between_o the_o stone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v thrust_v away_o and_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v away_o the_o body_n of_o the_o loadstone_n and_o the_o iron_n will_v necessary_o come_v together_o the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o why_o the_o loadstone_n and_o jet_n draw_v to_o they_o the_o one_o iron_n the_o other_o straw_n may_v be_v this_o that_o those_o attract_v body_n have_v reciprocal_a motion_n either_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o in_o a_o elliptical_a line_n when_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o attract_a body_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o such_o a_o motion_n but_o why_o the_o loadstone_n if_o with_o the_o help_n of_o cork_n it_o float_v at_o liberty_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v from_o any_o position_n whatsoever_o so_o place_n itself_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n as_o that_o the_o same_o point_n which_o at_o one_o time_n of_o its_o be_v at_o rest_n respect_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o all_o other_o time_n respect_v the_o same_o pole_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v this_o that_o the_o reciprocal_a motion_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v make_v in_o a_o line_n parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v be_v in_o those_o part_n ever_o since_o the_o stone_n be_v generate_v see_v therefore_o the_o stone_n while_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o mine_n and_o be_v carry_v about_o together_o with_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o diurnal_a motion_n do_v by_o length_n of_o time_n get_v a_o habit_n of_o be_v move_v in_o a_o line_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o line_n of_o its_o reciprocal_a motion_n it_o will_v afterward_o though_o its_o axis_fw-la be_v remove_v from_o the_o parallel_n situation_n it_o have_v with_o the_o axis_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n retain_v its_o endeavour_n of_o return_v to_o that_o situation_n again_o and_o all_o endeavour_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o motion_n and_o nothing_o intervening_a that_n may_v hinder_v the_o same_o the_o loadstone_n will_v therefore_o return_v to_o its_o former_a situation_n for_o any_o piece_n of_o iron_n that_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n rest_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o it_o be_v force_v from_o that_o situation_n and_o afterward_o leave_v to_o its_o own_o liberty_n again_o will_v of_o itself_o return_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n again_o which_o return_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o endeavour_n it_o acquire_v from_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o meridian_n if_o iron_n be_v rub_v by_o the_o loadstone_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o two_o thing_n will_v happen_v one_o that_o the_o iron_n will_v acquire_v the_o same_o direction_n with_o the_o loadstone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o have_v its_o axis_n and_o pole_n in_o the_o same_o position_n with_o those_o of_o the_o stone_n the_o other_o that_o the_o like_a pole_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o of_o the_o iron_n will_v avoid_v one_o another_o and_o the_o unlike_a pole_n approach_v one_o another_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a may_v be_v this_o that_o iron_n be_v touch_v by_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o reciprocal_a but_o draw_v the_o same_o way_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n there_o will_v be_v imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n also_o a_o endeavour_n from_o the_o same_o pole_n to_o the_o same_o pole_n for_o see_v the_o loadstone_n differ_v from_o iron_n no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o ore_n from_o metal_n there_o will_v be_v no_o repugnance_n at_o all_o in_o the_o iron_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o motion_n which_o be_v in_o the_o stone_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o see_v they_o be_v both_o affect_v alike_o by_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o will_v both_o equal_o return_v to_o their_o situation_n in_o the_o meridian_n whensoever_o they_o be_v put_v from_o the_o same_o also_o of_o the_o late_a this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o as_o the_o loadstone_n in_o touch_v the_o iron_n do_v by_o its_o action_n imprint_v in_o the_o iron_n a_o endeavour_n towards_o one_o of_o the_o pole_n suppose_v towards_o the_o north_n pole_n so_o reciprocal_o the_o
of_o inclination_n a_o b_o c_o be_v a_o angle_n of_o 45_o degree_n let_v c_o b_o be_v produce_v to_o the_o circumference_n in_o d_o &_o let_v c_o e_o the_o sine_z of_o the_o angle_n â—_o b_o c_o be_v draw_v to_o which_o let_v b_o f_o be_v take_v equal_a in_o the_o separate_a line_n b_o g._n b_o c_o e_o f_o will_n therefore_o be_v a_o parallelogram_n &_o f_o e_o &_o b_o c_o that_o be_v f_o e_o and_o b_o g_o equal_a let_v agnostus_n be_v draw_v namely_o the_o diagonal_a of_o the_o square_n who_o side_n be_v b_o g_z and_o it_o will_v be_v as_o a_o g_z to_z e_z f_o so_o b_o g_z to_z b_o f_o &_o so_o by_o supposition_n the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o c_z be_v to_o the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o d_o be_v and_o so_o also_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n refract_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n draw_v therefore_o f_o d_o &_o from_o d_o the_o line_n d_o h_n perpendicular_a to_o a_o b_o produce_v dh_n will_v be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n and_o see_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n refract_v be_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n as_o the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o be_v c_o be_v to_o the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o be_v d_o that_o be_v by_o supposition_n as_o a_o g_z be_v to_z f_o e_o that_o be_v as_o d_o h_z be_v to_z b_o g_z and_o seeing_z d_o h_n be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n b_o g_o will_n therefore_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n refract_v wherefore_o b_o g_z will_v be_v the_o refracted_a line_n and_o lie_v in_o the_o plain_a separate_a superficies_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v coral_n it_o be_v therefore_o manifest_a that_o when_o the_o inclination_n be_v great_a than_o 45_o degree_n as_o also_o when_o it_o be_v less_o provide_v the_o density_n be_v great_a it_o may_v happen_v that_o the_o refraction_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o thin_a medium_fw-la at_o all_o 8_o if_o a_o body_n fall_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n upon_o another_o body_n and_o do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o but_o be_v reflect_v from_o it_o the_o angle_n of_o reflection_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n let_v there_o be_v a_o body_n at_o a_o in_o the_o 5_o figure_n which_o fall_v with_o straight_a motion_n in_o the_o line_n a_o c_o upon_o another_o body_n at_o c_o pass_v no_o further_o but_o be_v reflect_v and_o let_v the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v any_o angle_n as_o a_o c_o d._n let_v the_o straight_a line_n c_o e_o be_v draw_v making_z with_o d_o c_o produce_v the_o angle_n e_o c_o f_o equal_a to_o the_o angle_n a_o c_o d_o and_o let_v a_o d_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n d_o f._n also_o in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n d_o f_o let_v c_o g_o be_v take_v equal_a to_o c_o d_o and_o let_v the_o perpendicular_a g_o e_z be_v raise_v cut_v c_o e_z in_o e._n this_o be_v do_v the_o triangle_n a_o c_o d_o and_o e_o c_o g_o will_n be_v equal_a and_o like_a let_v c_o h_n be_v draw_v equal_a and_o parallel_v to_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d_o and_o let_v h_o c_o be_v produce_v indefinite_o to_o i._o last_o let_v e_o a_o be_v draw_v which_o will_v pass_v through_o h_n and_o be_v parallel_n and_o equal_a to_o g_o d._n i_o say_v the_o motion_n from_o a_o to_o c_o in_o the_o straight_a line_n of_o incidence_n ac_fw-la will_v be_v reflect_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n c_o e._n for_o the_o motion_n from_o a_o to_o c_o be_v make_v by_o two_o coefficient_a or_o concurrent_a motion_n the_o one_o in_o a_o h_n parallel_n to_o d_o g_o the_o other_z in_o a_o d_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o same_o d_o g_z of_o which_o two_o motion_n that_o in_o a_o h_n work_v nothing_o upon_o the_o body_n a_o after_o it_o have_v be_v move_v as_o far_o as_o c_o because_o by_o supposition_n it_o do_v not_o pass_v the_o straight_a line_n d_o g_z whereas_o the_o endeavour_n in_o a_o d_o that_o be_v in_o h_n c_o work_v further_a towards_o i._o but_o see_v it_o do_v only_o press_v and_o not_o penetrate_v there_o will_v be_v reaction_n in_o h_n which_o cause_v motion_n from_o c_o towards_o h_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o motion_n in_o h_n e_z remain_v the_o same_o it_o be_v in_o a_o h_n and_o therefore_o the_o body_n will_v now_o be_v move_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o c_o h_n and_o h_n e_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o two_o motion_n it_o have_v former_o in_o a_o h_n and_o h_o c._n wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v carry_v on_o in_o c_o e._n the_o angle_n therefore_o of_o reflection_n will_v be_v e_o c_o g_o equal_a by_o construction_n to_o the_o angle_n a_o c_o d_o which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v now_o when_o the_o body_n be_v consider_v but_o as_o a_o point_n it_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o the_o superficies_n or_o line_n in_o which_o the_o reflection_n be_v make_v be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a for_o the_o point_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n c_o be_v as_o well_o in_o the_o crooked_a line_n which_o touch_v d_o g_z in_o c_z as_o in_o d_o g_z itself_o 9_o but_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o not_o a_o body_n be_v move_v but_o some_o endeavour_n only_o be_v propagate_v from_o a_o to_o c_o the_o demonstration_n will_v nevertheless_o be_v the_o same_o for_o all_o endeavour_n be_v motion_n and_o when_o it_o have_v reach_v the_o solid_a body_n in_o c_o it_o press_v it_o and_o endeavour_v further_a in_o c_o i._n wherefore_o the_o reaction_n will_v proceed_v in_o c_o h_o and_o the_o endeavour_n in_o c_o h_n concur_v with_o the_o endeavour_n in_o h_n e_o will_v generate_v the_o endeavour_n in_o c_o e_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o repercussion_n of_o body_n move_v if_o therefore_o endeavour_v be_v propagate_v from_o any_o point_n to_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o a_o spherical_a body_n the_o reflect_v line_n with_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o same_o sphere_n will_v make_v a_o angle_n equal_a to_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n for_o if_o endeavour_v be_v propagate_v from_o a_o in_o the_o 6_o fig._n to_o the_o circumference_n in_o b_o and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v c_o and_o the_o line_n c_o b_o be_v draw_v as_o also_o the_o tangent_fw-la d_o b_o e_o and_o last_o if_o the_o angle_n f_o b_o d_o be_v make_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o e_o the_o reflection_n will_v be_v make_v in_o the_o line_n b_o f_o as_o have_v be_v new_o show_v wherefore_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o b_o and_o f_o b_o make_n with_o the_o circumference_n will_v also_o be_v equal_a but_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o c_o b_o be_v produce_v howsoever_o to_o g_z the_o endeavour_n in_o the_o line_n g_o b_o c_o will_n proceed_v only_o from_o the_o perpendicular_a reaction_n in_o g_z b_o and_o that_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v no_o other_o endeavour_n in_o the_o point_n b_o towards_o the_o part_n which_o be_v within_o the_o sphere_n beside_o that_o which_o tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o here_o i_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n in_o which_o i_o have_v consider_v motion_n and_o magnitude_n by_o themselves_o in_o the_o abstract_n the_o four_o and_o last_o part_n concern_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o motion_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o world_n real_a and_o existent_a be_v that_o which_o follow_v physiqve_n or_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n chap._n xxv_o of_o sense_n and_o animal_n motion_n 1_o the_o connexion_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v with_o that_o which_o follow_v 2_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o sense_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o sense_n 3_o the_o subject_a and_o object_n of_o sense_n 4_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n 5_o all_o body_n be_v not_o endue_v with_o sense_n 6_o but_o one_o phantasm_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n 7_o imagination_n the_o remain_v of_o past_a sense_n which_o also_o be_v memory_n of_o sleep_n 8_o how_o phantasm_n succeed_v one_o another_o 9_o dream_n whence_o they_o proceed_v 10_o of_o the_o sense_n their_o kind_n their_o organ_n and_o phantasm_n proper_a and_o common_a 11_o the_o magnitude_n of_o image_n how_o and_o by_o what_o it_o be_v determine_v 12_o pleasure_n pain_n appetite_n and_o aversion_n what_o they_o be_v 13_o deliberation_n and_o will_n what_o 1_o i_o have_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n define_v philosophy_n to_o be_v knowledge_n of_o effect_n acquire_v
by_o true_a ratiocination_n from_o knowledge_n first_o have_v of_o their_o cause_n and_o generation_n and_o of_o such_o cause_n or_o generation_n as_o may_v be_v from_o former_a knowledge_n of_o their_o effect_n or_o appearance_n there_o be_v therefore_o two_o method_n of_o philosophy_n one_o from_o the_o generation_n of_o thing_n to_o their_o possible_a effect_n and_o the_o other_o from_o their_o effect_n or_o appearance_n to_o some_o possible_a generation_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o our_o ratiocination_n namely_o definition_n be_v make_v and_o constitute_v by_o ourselves_o while_o we_o consent_v and_o agree_v about_o the_o appellation_n of_o thing_n and_o this_o part_n i_o have_v finish_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n in_o which_o if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v i_o have_v affirm_v nothing_o save_v the_o definition_n themselves_o which_o have_v not_o good_a coherence_n with_o the_o definition_n i_o have_v give_v that_o be_v to_o say_v which_o be_v not_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o all_o those_o that_o agree_v with_o i_o in_o the_o use_n of_o word_n and_o appellation_n for_o who_o sake_n only_o i_o have_v write_v the_o same_o i_o now_o enter_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v the_o find_v out_o by_o the_o appearance_n or_o effect_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o know_v by_o sense_n some_o way_n and_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v i_o do_v not_o say_v they_o be_v generate_v the_o principle_n therefore_o upon_o which_o the_o follow_a discourse_n depend_v be_v not_o such_o as_o we_o ourselves_o make_v and_o pronounce_v in_o general_a term_n as_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v place_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v by_o we_o observe_v in_o they_o and_o we_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o single_a and_o particular_a not_o universal_a proposition_n nor_o do_v they_o impose_v upon_o we_o any_o necessity_n of_o constitute_a theorem_n their_o use_n be_v only_o though_o not_o without_o such_o general_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v to_o show_v we_o the_o possibility_n of_o some_o production_n or_o generation_n see_v therefore_o the_o science_n which_o be_v here_o teach_v have_v its_o principle_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o nature_n and_o end_v in_o the_o attain_v of_o some_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a cause_n i_o have_v give_v to_o this_o part_n the_o title_n of_o physic_n or_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n now_o such_o thing_n as_o appear_v or_o be_v show_v to_o we_o by_o nature_n we_o call_v phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n of_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n which_o be_v near_o we_o the_o most_o admirable_a be_v apparition_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d namely_o that_o some_o natural_a body_n have_v in_o themselves_o the_o pattern_n almost_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o other_o of_o none_o at_o all_o so_o that_o if_o the_o appearance_n be_v the_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v all_o other_o thing_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v sense_n to_o be_v the_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v those_o principle_n &_o that_o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o sense_n we_o can_v begin_v our_o search_n of_o they_o from_o any_o other_o phaenomenon_n then_o that_o of_o sense_n itself_o but_o you_o will_v say_v by_o what_o sense_n shall_v we_o take_v notice_n of_o sense_n i_o answer_v by_o sense_n itself_o namely_o by_o the_o memory_n which_o for_o some_o time_n remain_v in_o we_o of_o thing_n sensible_a though_o they_o themselves_o pass_v away_o for_o he_o that_o perceive_v that_o he_o have_v perceive_v remember_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o perception_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o idea_n and_o phantasm_n which_o be_v perpetual_o generate_v within_o we_o while_o we_o make_v use_v of_o our_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n their_o generation_n proceed_v to_o help_v which_o inquisition_n we_o may_v observe_v first_o of_o all_o that_o our_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o that_o new_a one_o appear_v to_o we_o and_o old_a one_o vanish_v according_a as_o we_o apply_v our_o organ_n of_o sense_n now_o to_o one_o object_n now_o to_o another_o wherefore_o they_o be_v generate_v and_o perish_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v some_o change_n or_o mutation_n in_o the_o sentient_a 2_o now_o that_o all_o mutation_n or_o alteration_n be_v motion_n or_o endeavour_v and_o endeavour_v also_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v alter_v have_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o 9th_o article_n of_o the_o 8_o chapter_n from_o this_o that_o while_o even_o the_o least_o part_n of_o any_o body_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o any_o alteration_n unless_o perhaps_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n together_o have_v be_v move_v have_v happen_v to_o it_o but_o that_o it_o both_o appear_v and_o be_v the_o same_o it_o appear_v &_o be_v before_o sense_n therefore_o in_o the_o sentient_a can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n in_o some_o of_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o sentient_a and_o the_o part_n so_o move_v be_v part_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n for_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v any_o thing_n be_v those_o we_o common_o call_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o so_o we_o find_v what_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o our_o sense_n namely_o that_o in_o which_o be_v the_o phantasm_n and_o partly_o also_o we_o have_v discover_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v some_o internal_a motion_n in_o the_o sentient_a i_o have_v show_v beside_o in_o the_o 8_o chap._n at_o the_o seven_o article_n that_o no_o motion_n be_v generate_v but_o by_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o sense_n or_o perception_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o sense_n be_v touch_v and_o press_v for_o when_o the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v press_v it_o no_o soon_o yield_v but_o the_o part_n next_o within_o it_o be_v press_v also_o and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o pressure_n or_o motion_n be_v propagate_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n to_o the_o innermost_a and_o thus_o also_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o uttermost_a part_n proceed_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o some_o more_o remote_a body_n and_o so_o continual_o till_o we_o come_v to_o that_o from_o which_o as_o from_o its_o fountain_n we_o derive_v the_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n that_o be_v make_v in_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o this_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v be_v that_o we_o common_o call_v the_o object_n sense_n therefore_o be_v some_o internal_a motion_n in_o the_o sentient_a generate_v by_o some_o internal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n and_o propagate_v through_o all_o the_o media_n to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o word_n i_o have_v almost_o define_v what_o sense_n be_v moreover_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 2d_o article_n of_o the_o 15_o chapter_n that_o all_o resistance_n be_v endeavour_v opposite_a to_o another_o endeavour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v reaction_n see_v therefore_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a organ_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o own_o internal_a natural_a motion_n some_o resistance_n or_o reaction_n against_o the_o motion_n which_o be_v propagate_v from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o organ_n a_o endeavour_n opposite_a to_o the_o endeavour_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o object_n so_o that_o when_o that_o endeavour_n inward_o be_v the_o last_o action_n in_o the_o act_n of_o sense_n then_o from_o the_o reaction_n how_o little_a soever_o the_o duration_n of_o it_o be_v a_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n have_v its_o be_v which_o by_o reason_n the_o endeavour_n be_v now_o outward_o do_v always_o appear_v as_o something_o situate_a without_o the_o organ_n so_o that_o now_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o whole_a definition_n of_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o the_o order_n of_o its_o generation_n thus_o sense_n be_v a_o phantasm_n make_v by_o the_o reaction_n and_o endeavour_n outward_o in_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n cause_v by_o a_o endeavour_n inward_o from_o the_o object_n remain_v for_o some_o time_n more_o or_o less_o 3_o the_o subject_a of_o sense_n be_v the_o sentient_n itself_o namely_o some_o live_a creature_n and_o we_o speak_v more_o correct_o when_o we_o say_v a_o live_a creature_n see_v then_o when_o we_o say_v the_o eye_n see_v the_o object_n be_v