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cause_n	effect_n	necessary_a	produce_v	6,956	5	9.5140	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A29547	Historical and political essays or discourses on several subjects viz. money, government, peace, war, trade, arts, navigation, exchange, usury, banks : with other projects for the improvement and raising the credit of money and trade in all parts of the world, but more particularly, relating to England : in a letter to a noble peer.; Discourse of money. 1698	Briscoe, John, fl. 1695.	1698 (1698)	Wing B4751A; ESTC R37474	50,328	221

Duty it is to be more on the watch and to look better out have receiv'd so many deep Wounds in that tender and mortal part of our Body that it seems a Miracle how we subsist and survive it while any one who should presume to probe and search this Sore to the quick by nakedly stating the Fact in our Maritime History and Conduct since the War and tho' it should be never so well meant and merely in order to the Cure of the Malady he would be thought I fear to give too much Anguish to be indur'd and such an Enterprize let the Purpose be never so honest and inoffensive would taste too bitter and look too like a Libel to be suffer'd to pass uncensur'd of Authority Thus it is with us by Sea By Land the War rages more universally and with greater Violence tho' not so sensible to our feeling here in England because our situation has hitherto secur'd us from Hostilities at our Doors and our Fields and Farms are not yet forag'd and plunder'd as our Neighbours are but what we pay as I may say to be exempted from such Violence is almost tantamount and at a long run will as certainly impoverish and undo us And we may collect from manifold Symptoms that our Destiny without some almost miraculous Means to save us is not far off Now to give you a Reason how War impoverishes the World because captious and sceptical Contenders in such Disputes will be apt to say What do you mean by broaching such Opinions and maintaining Paradoxes Does War annihilate your Money Is your Gold and Silver dissolv'd or gone into the Earth from whence 't was taken This is Malice and Trifling and nothing else To these Gentlemen then and out of respect to Truth and plain Dealing these few following Reasons of the chief Causes of Poverty and scarcity of Money by War are tender'd Let us compute by the gross we have shewn that Riches are the Product of Arts and Industry whence is inferr'd That the greater Numbers there are of Men of Business and Traffick Artizans labouring and industrious People which are the procuring Cause of Wealth the greater will be the Effect But War is a mortal Foe to Arts and Industry and consequently produces Effects directly contrary We behold Europe at this day ingag'd in a bloody and wastful War which for ought I know to the contrary imploys a Million in Arms besides Horses and Beasts of Burden destin'd by Nature's Law to the Uses of Peace and humane Ease besides some hundreds of thousands who are exercis'd about Military Matters as Arms Ammunition Stores and Utensils of War Fortifications and the like All which mighty Numbers of Men and Things are not only imploy'd in the profitable Professions of Peace but are and must be sustain'd by purchase and paid for out of the Sweat and Industry of those that are who by degrees do not only grow too few for the work but are over and above Sufferers and molested a thousand ways in their peaceful Methods of Life as namely by the Violence Rapine Insolence and Iniquity of those very People whom they are honestly with great hardship pain and parcimony labouring to maintain till at length they come to cut down the very Bough that bears them and kill the Tree by whose Harbour they were sheltred and by whose Fruit they were fed Thus the Land comes to mourn and lie waste and the Means necessary to the Support of great Armies becoming exhausted Oppression Poverty and Calamity inevitably succeed Furthermore scarcity of Money is begotten in times of Hostility from great Summs falling into Hands where it is under no regulation being prodigally and voluptuously imploy'd squander'd and scatter'd carelesly about by which means it does not circulate so currently and make such regular returns into the Publick Coffers as in times of Peace when Business and Traffick is contain'd within their proper Channels Add to these one very great further Cause of the decay and scarcity of Treasure and that is the Caution and Jealousie People are put under every one to save his own private Stake For when Demands of Publick Supplies wax pressing and Taxes begin to be felt 't is very natural for Men to begin to meditate on Self-preservation to foresee and provide for the Storm e'er it overtake them Whence those who best can whose Fortunes principally consist in Money and Moveables withdraw their Effects to Countries as far as they can from Danger others hide and conceal by a thousand Arts every thing that is Money or Moneys-worth and cover from the World's Eye every appearance of Wealth profess Poverty and practise all the methods of Parcimony imaginable to disguise and shelter themselves from the Jealousie and Tyranny of Tax-gatherers and will chuse to abide the worst Treatment those cruel Ministers can inflict rather than discover Money which they are sure will yield them Comfort in better Times And this I know to have been the Practice time out of mind in the Kingdoms of Barbary where Tyranny reigns with a high Hand where the least suspicion of Wealth suffices to expose a Man to the utmost Peril where People therefore live under a perpetual Mask and no Body enjoys the least good thing whatever he may possess but by stealth from which Cause as I have been often assur'd from the Natives themselves the better half of the Treasure of those Countries is hid in Holes and cover'd under Ground Insomuch that it is grown into a habit even among their Princes who take a Pride and Pleasure to bury their Gold This I say is another great Cause of the scarcity of Money in dangerous and hostile Times and if we may allow but a fifth or sixth part of the Treasure which would otherwise appear among us here on this side the World to have been so withdrawn and diverted there would be no doubt but such a diminution would work a good part of the Effect we are searching after To these common and evident Causes of the Evils incident to War in general we may here subjoyn why War is of late more Burthensome than heretofore and that is by the over-grown Greatness of the French Monarch that aspiring Prince who would put a Yoak on the neck of Europe conceiving that by the force of an immense Treasure whereby being inabled to bring greater Bodies of strength into the Field than was ever before practis'd in our Hostilities on this side the World he was given to hope perhaps thereby to overwhelm us which Design though we see hitherto to want the effect we are from thence nevertheless instructed in the Causes of this over-burthensome warfare whereby we are put under an invincible necessity of providing an equal Force which produces an equal Charge to withstand him which I thought necessary to Note Lastly and over and above the Impediments to our general Commerce and the Interruption thereby of our general Supplies of what we need whereby the price of Money

Money as those which we suffer and are threatned us by delaying it For the Mint or publick Money is the Pulse of the Body politick And Tacitus tells us that the Health and Infirmity of the State was always measur'd by that Motion And grave Authors further assure us That as the Roman Empire declin'd it was manifested by their Mint their Money debasing as the Power and Virtue of that great People sunk and declin'd Money is the publick Measure of every thing we have all our Meum and Tuum is weigh'd and dispens'd by no other Scale or Rule If that be unequal false or doubtfull what Injustice what Vexation Murmurings Poverty and Peril threaten'd the State thereby needs no Rhetorick to inforce Let it be seen by the timely Wisdom of our Remedies that the Disease was not Mortal and the Danger beyond the possibility of a Cure The Calamitous Fire of London was a Disaster which the World thought wou'd have bin a Death's blow to the State and during the Operation of People's Prognosticks thereupon brought us very low in our Neighbour's Eyes But the sudden Repair of that stupendous Loss by the Rebuilding with so much Magnificence the greatest City for ought I know in the Universe rais'd the Reputation of Our Glory Courage and Wealth to a more surprizing Degree of Value in the World's and our own Esteem too which by Art or Wisdom's Rules cou'd never have bin known or calculated We may hope for the like fruit from the same wise and steady Counsels The Calamity of our Coin is not inferiour the Cure seems not in my poor Judgment harder nor will the Benefits which the Nation shall reap in the Effect be less Q. Have you no further Advice to give or Cautions to offer in the main Point of Regulating the new Coinage of Our Money A. I cannot repeat too often and therefore once more do recommend to your utmost Attention the deliberating and determining the Proportion betwixt the Real and Nominal Value of your Money which is the Key of the whole Difficulty and requires the greatest Advice Gravity and Penetration to fix Q. Have not you said that the Material of your Money is not likely to grow cheaper but to rise still higher and higher and yet but just now you gave me an Instance of your fore-sight that on the Moment your Coin shall be regulated whether it shou'd chance to be rightly or wisely performed or no yet there wou'd presently as a pure and simple Effect of such a Reformation be a Fall of the Value of Silver and Gold and all the Species of things to a Certain degree the Quantum being undetermin'd A. In this Objection you seem not to be aware that the Abatement of the Value of your Silver and Gold you speak of is no other than an accidental Effect of that Cause But the growing Value of Gold and Silver whereof I have given you my Prognosticks is from the general Causes already by me produc'd And therefore this Effect by the bye has no Weight in your Objection because it will presently expire and the general growing Scarcity be no ways influenc'd thereby Q. You seem to have yet taken but little notice how our Gold Coin will be affected by the Regulation of our Mint A. I have already noted that your Gold must necessarily fall in its Value upon the Repairing of your Silver Coin the obvious Reason of its exorbitant Rise being from the low Reputation of our Silver-Money so that it has grown higher through the reason of Comp●rison as I may say becoming so much the more worth from the others happening to fall so low which is therefore owing purely to this unhappy Accident here at home But of what ill influence it has bin to our Affairs the use our watchfull Neighbours have made thereof we are loudly and truly every-where told by publick Papers But a great deal of this Evil I say will cure of it self by your Silver Coin recovering its Reputation After which if Gold shall be thought still to bear too high a Value I believe it may be in the Power of the Government to Regulate that at any time by a Proclamation or some wise Result of Council Q. I think I have now ask●d you all my Questions about the Matter Let me now ask you a few touching the Manner wherein you wou'd proceed in this great Work A. I think according to Advice already publish'd that more Mints than One ought to be employ'd to carry on the business And as a foundation to this great Work I propose that One Million at least or Fifteen Hundred Thousand Pounds worth of Bullion may be by one means or other compass'd to be first Coin'd into Shillings and Sixpences to be a Fund ready prepar'd to pay upon the spot for such Clipt Money as shall be brought in The next step I would propose to be made should be the Calling in of all the Half-crowns Thirteenpence-halfpenies Ninepences and the rest of that unequal Money your Shillings and Sixpences to remain still currant till this first Work shall be over This Money being brought in to the several Receivers appointed to be spread and distributed in the most populous Places of the Kingdom shall be paid for in ready new Money by the said Officers viz. Five new Shillings for five Shillings of your clipt Halfcrowns c receiving all the old Money by Weight as well as Tale according to the Method and Regulation propos'd by Mr. Lowndes for to think of paying People by piece-meal with Bills or Paper who shall come from far full of Doubts and pinch'd with Poverty and vex'd already to the Quick with the Hardships they have suffer'd and still lie under and where the Majority will be found to need every penyworth of the Money they shall bring in to be Exchang'd for present currant Money I say to propose such a Method as should not be very easie and intelligible to the greater part of the People might breed a Mischief of no verb easie Digestion Wherefore I humbly propose that this Million and a half or whatsoever the Decay of the whole Treasure of the Nation shall be computed to amount to may be first found and provided by such means as to the Wisdom of the Parliament shall appear most feasible which in my poor Opinion will not be an insuperable Work This being first done and you being then in possession of the Ballance of this Debt which is owing to your general Stock of Treasure by the Clipping and Impairment it has suffer'd there will remain no other Difficulty but in the Minting and orderly Distributing and Exchanging your Money by such Rules as I think have bin already very prudently and masterly propounded by the said Mr. Lowndes I propose your beginning with Halfcrowns c. because the Work must be done Gradatim and cannot be compass'd otherwise without much greater Difficulty and Disorder wherein a good deal must still happen after all your