Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	effect_n	natural_a	supernatural_a	1,915	5	10.5176	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46281	A discourse of natural bathes, and mineral waters wherein, the original of fountains in general is declared, the nature and difference of minerals with examples of particular bathes, the generation of minerals in the earth, from whence both the actual heat of bathes, and their virtues proceed, by what means mineral waters are to be discover'd, and lastly, of the nature and uses of bathes, but especially of our bathes at Bathe, in Someerset-shire / by Edw. Jorden, Doctor in Physick.	Jorden, Edward, 1569-1632.; Guidott, Thomas, fl. 1698. Appendix concerning Bathe.	1669 (1669)	Wing J1074; ESTC R19762	134,265	263

Mineral Bathes which besides the former uses are also medicinal and very soveraign for many Diseases consisting of wholsome Minerals and approved for many hundred years of many who could not otherwise be recovered At the least wise if we do not beautifie and adorn them yet we should so accommodate them as they might serve for the utmost extent of benefit to such as need them For there is nothing in our Profession of Physick more useful nor in the works of Nature more admirable man only excepted which Plato calls the great miracle then Natural Bathes and Mineral Waters The nature and causes whereof have been so hard to discover as our antient Authors have written little of them holding them to be sacred or holy either for that they judged them to have their virtue immediately from God or at least from the celestial Bodies from whence both their actual heat was thought to be kindled by lightnings or such like impressions and other admirable Virtues and sometimes contrary effects derived which appear in them Also divers miracles have been ascribed unto those Natural Bathes to confirm the opinion of a supernatural power in them as Guaynerius reports of the Bathes of Aque in Italy and Langius out of Athenoeus concerning the Bathes of Edepsus which both lost their vertue for a time The one by the Magistrates prohibiting poor diseased people to use them the other by imposing a taxation upon them but upon the reformation of those abuses were restored to their former virtues again I need not herein averring the opinion of Divinity which was held to be in Bathes make any mention of the Pool of Bethesda written of by Saint John and Nonnus the Poet nor of the River Jordan which cured Naaman the Syrian of his Leprosie being indeed true miracles and done by a supernatural power ● yet it is likely that those and such like examples bred in the minds of men a reverend and divine opinion of all Bathes especially where they saw such strange effects as they could not well reduce to natural Causes And this hath been the cause that in old time these mineral fountains have been consecrated unto certain Deities as Hamon in Lybia unto Jupiter Thermopilae unto Hercules by Pallas among the Troglodites another to the Sun c. And at this day we have divers Bathes which carry the names of the Sun Moon and Saints and many Towns and Cities named from the Bathes in them as Thermae in Macedonia and Sicily Thermidea in Rhodes Aquae in Italy Aquisgraue in Germany Baden in Helvetia and our antient City of Bathe in Somerset-shire in honor whereof I have especially undertaken this labour and I perswade my self that among the infinite number of Bathes and Mineral Waters which are in Europe there are none of more universal use for curing of Diseases nor any more commodious for entertainment of sick persons then these are Besides this sacred conceit of Bathes wherewith in antient times the minds of men were possest we may adde this that the nature of Minerals was not so well discovered by them as it hath been since and therefore we finde very little written of this argument either in Aristotle or Hypocrates or in Galen who wrote most copiously in all other points of Physick yet concerning this hath little and never gave any of these waters to drink inwardly although he acknowledgeth that they were in use and for outward uses held them all to be potentially hot After these Grecians the antient Latines and Arabians succeeded Plinie Celsus Seneca Lucretius Avicen Rhasis Seraphio Averrhoes it whom we finde some small mention of natural Bathes and some use of Salt and nitrous and Aluminous waters but nothing of worth toward● the discoverie of the natural causes of them I● is likely they did pass it over slightly either by reason of the difficulty in searching out the cause of them or that they judged them meerly metaphysical But in later times the nature and generation of minerals from whence the Baths proceed and from whence the whole doctrin of them both for their qualities and differences originals and use must be derived being better looked into and observations taken from such as daily labour in the bowels of the earth for the search o● Mines or such as afterwards prepare them for ou● necessary uses we have attained to better knowledge in this kinde than the Antients could have although in all new discoveries there wil● be defects for succeeding ages to supply so falls out in this Dies Diem docet Aipham B●ta corrigit And although Agricola Pallopius Baccius Mathetsious Solinander Libavius c. have added much unto that which was formerly known in this point and reformed many errors and mistakings in former writers yet they have left many things imperfect doubtful obscure controverted and perhaps false as may appear in the discourse following I do reverence all their worths as from whom I have learned many things which else I could hardly have attained unto and I acknowledg them to have been excellent instruments for the advancement of learning yet I hope it may be as free for me without imputation of arrogancie to publish my conceits herein as it hath been for them or may be for any other Hanc veniam petimusque damusque vicissim We both this leave Give and receive My end and studie is the common good and the bettering of this knowledge and if I shall bring any further light to increase that I shall be glad otherwise my intent being to search out the truth and not to contradict others it will or ought to be a sufficient protection for me wherefore I come to discourse of Mineral waters CHAP. II. Definition of Mineral Waters The nature where of cannot be understood except first consideration be had concerning simple water Of which in this Chapter are shewed the qualities and use MIneral waters are such as besides their own simple nature have received and imbibed some other qualitie or substance from Subterran●an Mynes I say besides their own nature because they retain still their liquidness and cold and moysture although for a time they may be actually hot from an external impression of heat which being gone they return to their former cold again I say imbibed to distinguish them from confused waters as earth may be confused with water but not imbibed and will sink to the bottom again whereas such things as are imbibed are so mixed with the water as it retains them and is united with it being either Spirits or dissoluble juyces or tinctures I say from Subterranean Mynes to distinguish them from animal or vegetable substances as infusions or decoctions of herbs flesh c. Seeing then that the Basis of these Bathes or mineral fountains is water we must first consider the nature of simple water and from thence we shall better judge of Mineral Waters and their differences By simple water I do not mean the Element of water

the true cause of it let us collect our arguments together the principal whereof are here and there dispersed in this Treatise Quem nos stramineum pro tempore fecimus Which for the present I have made of Straw Hoping that hereafter some worthy pen may handle this argument more accurately and give it a better flourish Et dare perpetuo caelestia fila metallo And on firm metal lasting threads bestow We must not imagine that the government and ordering of the world and nature in a constant course is performed by miracle but that natural effects have natural causes and must be both under the same genus Wherefore following the ordinary distribution seeing it comprehends all and not questioning the celestial bodies whether they be elementary or no that is subject to alterations as intention and remission generation and corruption c. We say that this heat must proceed either from the superiour and celestial bodies as the Spheres and Starrs or from the inferiour or sublunary From the superiour Spheres or Globes it cannot proceed seeing as is shewed before they are neither indowed with such a degree of native heat nor can acquire it accidentally by their motion being thin and liquid bodies neither if they had it can they convey it unto the earth but by their beams which are not able to retain it as they pass thorow the cold region of the air nor able to warm that although it be nearer to their fountain of heat Wherefore if these beams can any way do it it must be by their motion and reflection upon the earth and this is no constant heat but varieth according as the beams are perpendicular or oblique and according as the air is cleer or cloudy c.. And as they are not able to give this constant heat so the earth in her bowels is not capable to receive it being hindered by the density of the earth and rocks and the heat of reflection taken away before it can come three foot deep From the inferiour parts of the world if it proceed it must be either from the Elements or from mixt bodies From the Elements it cannot come but from fire for all the other Elements are cold as I have shewed especially the earth where this heat is ingendred And as for the Element of Fire seeing we know not where to find it neither if it be any where doth it perform the office of an Element in production and nutrition of creatures as Aristotle faith Ignis nil generat and therefore nil nutrit nam nutritio fit ex iisdem ex quibus constat therefore as it begets nothing so it nourisheth nothing and so cannot be an Element nor as an Element maintain this heat of Bathes But contrariwise if it have no power of begetting or nourishing any thing it must have a power of destroying or hindering nature in her proceedings for nature will admit of no vacuum or idle thing Also seeing Nature useth no violent means to maintain her self this elementary fire cannot be pen'd in the center of the earth being of a thin subtilnature and naturally aspiring upwards and if it have any place assigned unto it it must be above the other Elements and then it cannot be drawn downwards against his nature and that continually without breach of the order and course of nature And whereas they place the Element of Fire under the concave of the Moon being in it self lucid and resplendent it is strange that it is not seen by us neither makes our nights light For although by reason of his transparency it doth not terminate our sight yet it should remove the obscurity of our nights much better then the Via lactea Moreover if it were there we must see the Starrs through a double Diaphanum one of air and another of fire and so would make a double refraction which is elegantly confuted by John Pena and Conr●dus Aslacus But there is another thing substituted in the place of this element of fire and maintained by air and by mineral substances in the earth which is neither an Element nor a mixt body nor any substance at all but a meer quality and this is preferred by most to be the cause of the heat of our Bathes And this is our common kitchin-fire which is kindled by violent motion maintained by servel without which it cannot subsist and extinguished by his contrary And although it may be derived by communication or coition as one candle lights another yet originally it is kindled by violent motion and what violent motion can there be in the bowels of the earth to strike fire or who shall be the fueller Exhalations and lightnings cannot do it being aereal meteors and no more penetrable then the beams of the Sun And therefore although they may kindle a Vulcano upon the surface of the earth yet they cannot pierce deep and their very reflection upon the superficies of the earth takes away their strength so as they can neither kindle new fire nor commucate that which is kindled to any other fuel For if it be by communication or coition that must be by touch per contactum and then in the earth it can make but one fire and not many being not distinct in place and must increase in heat and then it will not keep a constant tenor as our Bathes do Secondly for the nourishment of it being a quality it must have a subject that is fuel and it must have means to vent the fuliginous vapours which it breeds in the dissolution of the fuel lest they recoyle and quench the fire as also there must be conveyance for the ashes which will fall down continually upon the fire and quench it Moreover by consuming such great quantities of Sulphur and Bitumen and by mollifying and breaking of Rocks it would cause a great sinking of the earth in those places as we see in our Vulcanoes where whole mountains have been consumed and brought to even ground Thirdly this fire being a quality is subject to intention and remission and to utter extinguishment not only by want of fuel which cannot be regenerated where this actual fire is nor for want of vent or choaking of ashes c. but also by reason of the abundance of water which the earth receiveth for the generations of Minerals which being opposite to fire would quench it Wherefore we cannot rely upon any subterranean fire for the maintenance of our hot Bathes From the air this heat of Bathes cannot proceed seeing it is neither hot in it self as hath been proved nor can get any heat by motion being of a thin liquid substance which no attrition or collision can make hot And as for aereal meteors bred from exhalations and kindled as is imagined by an Antiperistasis if they be bred in the air they are not able to penetrate into the bowels of the earth as hath been said before if in the earth besides the difficulty of finding room enough for such