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of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v 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river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o 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affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o 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part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
be_v never_o grant_v to_o have_v any_o being_n or_o existence_n much_o less_o any_o causality_n in_o nature_n some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v that_o not_o the_o vacuum_n itself_o but_o the_o evitation_n and_o avoid_v it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v interpret_v a_o cause_n but_o the_o doubt_n be_v not_o answer_v for_o we_o seek_v not_o a_o final_a but_o a_o efficient_a cause_n and_o a_o curious_a searcher_n into_o nature_n will_v hardly_o rest_v in_o a_o mere_a final_a cause_n for_o the_o final_a cause_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n precede_v the_o effect_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v conceive_v than_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n then_o must_v enquiry_n be_v make_v again_o what_o the_o agent_n shall_v be_v and_o so_o will_v the_o problem_n rest_v uncleer_v 1._o because_o one_o parcel_n of_o the_o air_n can_v not_o move_v another_o except_z the_o same_o be_v first_o move_v itself_o and_o so_o a_o new_a agent_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v find_v out_o 2_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o thing_n move_v or_o patient_a aught_o to_o be_v two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a body_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n meet_v together_o become_v one_o continuate_a body_n no_o shift_n be_v there_o leave_v for_o these_o philosopher_n but_o one_o distinction_n wherein_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o universal_a and_o special_a form_n the_o air_n as_o they_o affirm_v according_a to_o his_o special_a form_n ascend_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o by_o the_o universal_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n it_o may_v sometime_o suffer_v a_o contrary_a motion_n as_o to_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n in_o which_o distinction_n they_o suppose_v they_o have_v cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o contrary_a reason_n but_o who_o so_o understand_v himself_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o as_o a_o weak_a reed_n to_o hurt_v his_o hand_n which_o rest_v on_o it_o for_o a_o second_o enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v what_o this_o universal_a form_n shall_v be_v for_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v of_o necessity_n either_o a_o internal_a form_n or_o nature_n or_o a_o external_a resultancie_n and_o harmony_n of_o the_o part_n such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n if_o they_o understand_v this_o latter_a it_o can_v any_o way_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n because_o it_o follow_v and_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o motion_n concur_v with_o the_o rest_n and_o no_o way_n precede_v it_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n every_o cause_n be_v to_o go_v before_o his_o effect_n second_o this_o universal_a form_n or_o nature_n compare_v with_o the_o special_a there_o will_v arise_v a_o subordination_n and_o not_o a_o coordination_n or_o opposition_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o special_a be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o general_a or_o universal_a but_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effâ—â—ts_n but_o here_o we_o see_v the_o effect_n or_o motion_n to_o be_v quite_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o universal_a form_n be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n ascribe_v to_o the_o special_a nature_n three_o these_o philosopher_n urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n to_o preserve_v the_o universe_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o mean_n thereof_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o earthly_a and_o heavy_a body_n be_v direct_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o every_o such_o body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o seek_v first_o the_o safeguard_n and_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o secondary_o by_o the_o safeguard_n of_o itself_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o how_o can_v any_o part_n when_o it_o neglect_v its_o own_o safety_n endeavour_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a since_o the_o whole_a be_v but_o one_o compound_v of_o many_o part_n and_o therefore_o can_v it_o not_o be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o disorder_n and_o disharmony_n of_o one_o part_n shall_v prejudice_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a frame_n if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o other_o part_n and_o grant_v this_o universal_a form_n to_o be_v internal_a many_o reason_n stand_v opposite_a for_o first_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v simple_a or_o compound_v it_o can_v be_v simple_a because_o it_o will_v always_o produce_v one_o simple_a and_o uniform_a effect_n but_o experience_n have_v tâ—ught_v the_o contrary_a because_o we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v the_o air_n to_o descend_v but_o sometime_o to_o move_v oblique_o to_o the_o left_a or_o right_a hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o as_o when_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n by_o a_o door_n or_o window_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o can_v well_o be_v call_v a_o compound_n form_n because_o all_o form_n the_o more_o universal_a they_o be_v the_o more_o simple_a they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v because_o the_o special_a include_v more_o composition_n than_o the_o general_a moreover_o all_o compound_a substance_n arise_v out_o of_o simple_n which_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v first_o in_o nature_n second_o i_o will_v ask_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v una_fw-la numero_fw-la the_o self_n same_o individual_a in_o all_o the_o part_n and_o body_n or_o diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_a body_n it_o can_v be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o body_n because_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n the_o whole_a universe_n be_v not_o one_o continuate_a body_n compose_v of_o essential_a part_n but_o rather_o a_o heap_n or_o mass_n collect_v and_o digest_v out_o of_o many_o body_n second_o the_o form_n be_v thus_o one_o individual_a will_v be_v singular_a or_o special_a not_o universal_a if_o they_o affirm_v that_o this_o form_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o body_n it_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n or_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n for_o this_o motion_n as_o they_o suppose_v be_v destine_v and_o appoint_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o comfort_v nature_n in_o her_o distress_n when_o she_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o rupture_n or_o dissolution_n but_o how_o can_v this_o form_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o aerial_a superficies_n perceive_v or_o feel_v this_o exigence_n of_o nature_n in_o other_o body_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v say_v in_o this_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a and_o not_o warrant_v by_o any_o sound_a demonstration_n a_o second_o reason_n for_o the_o natural_a descent_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o a_o possible_a supposition_n from_o which_o we_o may_v enforce_v a_o true_a conclusion_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o portion_n of_o air_n by_o some_o violence_n to_o be_v carry_v above_o his_o proper_a orb_n as_o for_o example_n to_o the_o space_n which_o by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n near_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o will_v here_o demand_v whether_o this_o portion_n of_o air_n thus_o transpose_v will_v ascend_v high_o or_o descend_v low_a or_o rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o can_v not_o ascend_v high_o first_o because_o in_o this_o wise_a it_o shall_v be_v move_v far_o out_o of_o his_o own_o place_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n all_o body_n transpose_v from_o their_o proper_a place_n have_v a_o aptness_n or_o inclination_n to_o return_v again_o to_o their_o proper_a seat_n and_o not_o to_o rove_v far_o off_o second_o this_o grant_v the_o air_n shall_v invade_v the_o place_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o the_o element_n shall_v suffer_v a_o confusion_n which_o aristotle_n hold_v absurd_a three_o there_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o that_o high_a orb_n any_o point_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v direct_v his_o motion_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n find_v or_o it_o must_v be_v very_o irregular_a if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o such_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o separate_v shall_v descend_v i_o ask_v again_o whether_o they_o hold_v this_o motion_n natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v a_o violent_a motion_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a and_o proper_a place_n and_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o element_n be_v always_o account_v natural_a last_o of_o all_o it_o can_v rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n because_o all_o body_n force_v out_o of_o their_o place_n all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v must_v needs_o return_v unto_o their_o proper_a place_n wherefore_o no_o other_o start_a hole_n be_v here_o leave_v to_o our_o opposite_n but_o that_o they_o
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o 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inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n the_o increment_n or_o increase_n of_o any_o effect_n must_v necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o great_a vigour_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n as_o both_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n well_o teach_v now_o as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o heavy_a body_n natural_o do_v descend_v downward_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o attain_v the_o centre_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n or_o constipation_n of_o ponderous_a part_n in_o the_o same_o mass_n there_o must_v needs_o proceed_v a_o great_a inclination_n suppose_v then_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n be_v three_o weighty_a body_n to_o incline_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o their_o uttermost_a force_n to_o enclose_v and_o engird_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o most_o compact_a and_o ponderous_a must_v obtain_v the_o pre-eminence_n next_o to_o which_o succeed_v the_o water_n than_o the_o air_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o ponderous_a yet_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o water_n and_o aire_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v in_o their_o natural_a place_n which_o to_o understand_v we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o nature_n have_v a_o twofold_a intention_n the_o one_o primary_n the_o other_o secondary_a indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v nature_n primary_n or_o special_a inclination_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o we_o say_v immediate_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v but_o the_o secondary_a intent_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o body_n shall_v so_o settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o as_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v a_o place_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n of_o massiness_n and_o weight_n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n which_o some_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1_o the_o centre_n itself_o 2_o the_o part_n which_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o it_o the_o centre_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o which_o all_o the_o part_n be_v conform_v the_o father_n of_o the_o mathematical_a science_n have_v labour_v to_o derive_v all_o their_o doctrine_n from_o a_o point_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a principle_n whereon_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v not_o that_o they_o imagine_v a_o point_n to_o be_v any_o positive_a entity_n in_o itself_o but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o bind_v of_o magnitude_n whence_o all_o terminate_v quantity_n take_v their_o original_n the_o first_o principle_n we_o may_v call_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a constitution_n because_o a_o thousand_o point_n collect_v can_v not_o be_v so_o compound_v as_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v arise_v the_o least_o
magnitude_n for_o as_o the_o philosopher_n have_v teach_v we_o continuate_a and_o divisible_a thing_n can_v be_v make_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o discontinuate_a and_o indivisible_a but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o beginning_n of_o termination_n and_o figuration_n this_o point_n although_o it_o have_v everywhere_a a_o use_n in_o geometry_n yet_o nowhere_o more_o remarkable_a than_o when_o it_o become_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o centre_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o imagine_v a_o mere_a geometrical_a conceit_n but_o such_o as_o find_v ground_n in_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n for_o see_v all_o terrene_a body_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n as_o by_o a_o radius_fw-la to_o one_o point_n from_o every_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o centre_n as_o it_o be_v design_v and_o point_v out_o by_o nature_n itself_o in_o the_o globe_n some_o have_v here_o 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or_o stone_n such_o a_o point_n ought_v we_o to_o imagine_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v not_o participate_v of_o any_o latitude_n or_o magnitude_n albeit_o existent_n in_o some_o magnitude_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o writer_n have_v take_v a_o physical_a point_n for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v call_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n but_o this_o sense_n be_v very_o improper_a and_o beside_o in_o this_o example_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v a_o point_n opticall_a as_o such_o as_o carry_v no_o sensible_a or_o proportionable_a quantity_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sight_n take_v then_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o point_n fix_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v we_o will_v further_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o in_o two_o theorem_n 1_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n a_o attractive_a point_n i_o term_v that_o which_o have_v in_o it_o a_o virtue_n or_o power_n to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n or_o body_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o loadstone_n have_v a_o power_n to_o draw_v iron_n or_o steel_n but_o a_o respective_a point_n be_v that_o which_o the_o body_n in_o their_o motion_n do_v respect_n and_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o as_o the_o bound_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o their_o course_n be_v direct_v which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o directive_a operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o handle_v by_o which_o the_o magnetical_a indix_n or_o needle_n point_v direct_o northward_o not_o that_o in_o the_o north_n be_v fix_v any_o attractive_a virtue_n or_o operation_n whicâ—_n may_v cause_v that_o effect_n but_o because_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n be_v direct_v towards_o such_o a_o point_n or_o centre_n that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o 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magnitude_n and_o weight_n may_v seem_v very_o plain_a 1_o because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o multiply_v thing_n and_o entity_n in_o our_o conceit_n without_o any_o necessary_a consequence_n draw_v from_o nature_n or_o reason_n enforce_v we_o thereunto_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v ever_o persuade_v any_o man_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v two_o centre_n the_o one_o of_o weight_n the_o other_o of_o magnitude_n but_o only_o a_o bare_a imagination_n without_o proof_n or_o demonstration_n second_o if_o this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n be_v remove_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o other_o then_o consequent_o will_v one_o part_v of_o the_o earth_n overpoize_a the_o other_o in_o ponderosity_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a sphere_n will_v either_o be_v shake_v out_o of_o its_o place_n or_o dissolve_v itself_o into_o its_o first_o principle_n both_o of_o which_o be_v by_o experience_n contradict_v our_o assertion_n will_v stand_v sure_a and_o undoubted_a in_o the_o mean_a space_n we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o little_a difference_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o small_a and_o insensible_a as_o can_v be_v cacullate_v or_o cause_v any_o alteration_n 8_o the_o terrene_a part_n conform_v themselves_o to_o this_o centre_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o comparative_o absolute_o as_o every_o part_n be_v consider_v in_o itself_o 9_o a_o terrestrial_a part_n consider_v in_o itself_o undergo_v the_o respect_n either_o of_o a_o point_n of_o magnitude_n as_o a_o point_n when_o any_o sign_n or_o point_n in_o itself_o be_v consider_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o point_n albeit_o exist_v still_o in_o some_o magnitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v may_v notwithstanding_o be_v abstract_v from_o this_o or_o that_o body_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o centre_n of_o any_o body_n who_o natural_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o universal_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v in_o the_o first_o place_n handle_v as_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o motion_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o whole_a magnitude_n ought_v to_o be_v square_v 1_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o a_o right_a line_n a_o right_a line_n be_v the_o measure_n and_o rule_v almost_o of_o all_o natural_a action_n which_o albeit_o it_o be_v familiar_a in_o almost_o every_o operation_n yet_o most_o of_o all_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earthly_a body_n tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n why_o nature_n in_o this_o kind_n shall_v chief_o affect_v a_o right_a line_n sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v 1_o from_o the_o end_n which_o nature_n do_v propose_v itself_o which_o be_v to_o produce_v the_o work_n which_o she_o intend_v the_o ready_a and_o short_a way_n as_o aristotle_n testify_v of_o she_o in_o the_o 5_o of_o his_o metaphysic_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o right_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v always_o short_a as_o euclid_n show_v in_o his_o element_n where_o he_o demonstrate_v that_o two_o side_n of_o any_o triangle_n be_v count_v together_o be_v long_o than_o the_o three_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a part_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o double_a scope_n or_o end_n first_o that_o the_o say_a part_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a body_n shall_v be_v move_v or_o separate_v from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v by_o violence_n transpose_v second_o that_o this_o body_n shall_v be_v restore_v home_o and_o unite_v to_o the_o spherical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o it_o must_v chief_o seek_v its_o preservation_n that_o these_o two_o end_n be_v best_a and_o soon_o compass_v by_o a_o right_a line_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o
on_o the_o land_n in_o their_o perfect_a figure_n and_o greatness_n sail_v far_a off_o they_o will_v observe_v they_o on_o the_o low_a part_n little_a &_o little_o diminish_v until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o top_n only_o of_o the_o house_n and_o tree_n will_v be_v visible_a in_o like_a sort_n they_o which_o tarry_v on_o the_o land_n will_v first_o espy_v the_o top_n and_o masâ—_n of_o a_o ship_n approach_v which_o sight_n will_v be_v perfect_v more_o and_o more_o as_o the_o ship_n draw_v towards_o the_o land_n and_o at_o last_o all_o part_n of_o it_o will_v show_v themselves_o which_o accident_n can_v be_v cast_v upon_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n and_o swell_v of_o the_o water_n which_o if_o the_o distance_n be_v great_a interpose_v itself_o between_o the_o station_n on_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ship_n wherein_o passenger_n be_v convey_v which_o experiment_n be_v express_v in_o this_o diagramme_n here_o annex_v certain_a platonic_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v patricius_n a_o late_a writer_n will_v ascribe_v this_o experiment_n to_o the_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n cause_v partly_o by_o the_o distance_n which_o can_v perfect_o represent_v the_o object_n partly_o by_o the_o interpose_a vapour_n arise_v in_o the_o sea_n partly_o by_o the_o quiver_a light_n which_o be_v spread_v by_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o these_o cause_n may_v somewhat_o hinder_v and_o cause_n that_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a species_n of_o a_o body_n can_v always_o visit_v the_o sight_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o be_v not_o all_o but_o that_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o water_n will_v prove_v a_o great_a impediment_n where_o the_o distance_n be_v any_o thing_n great_a but_o for_o one_o of_o patricius_n his_o shift_n concern_v vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o clavius_n seem_v also_o to_o consent_v in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n it_o make_v more_o for_o our_o assertion_n than_o he_o for_o that_o which_o be_v see_v in_o a_o thick_a medium_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o optic_n seem_v great_a in_o quantity_n and_o by_o consequence_n near_o and_o so_o high_o than_o will_v otherwise_o appear_v as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o sun_n sometime_o be_v see_v of_o we_o before_o it_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n because_o of_o a_o refraction_n of_o its_o beam_n in_o a_o thick_a matter_n wherefore_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o a_o tower_n see_v at_o sea_n or_o a_o ship_n from_o the_o land_n through_o these_o thick_a and_o gross_a vapour_n shall_v appear_v high_o and_o seem_v near_o then_o if_o it_o meet_v not_o with_o such_o vapour_n second_o what_o be_v urge_v concern_v the_o tremble_a light_n cause_v by_o a_o refraction_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o water_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o although_o such_o a_o light_n may_v cause_v a_o impediment_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sight_n yet_o will_v not_o this_o decrement_n or_o hindrance_n be_v by_o degree_n and_o in_o such_o proportion_n as_o we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v correspondent_a to_o wit_n to_o the_o distance_n interpose_v and_o much_o wonder_v it_o be_v that_o patricius_n as_o my_o learned_a friend_n mr_n r._n hues_n observe_v be_v as_o it_o seem_v very_o well_o read_v in_o the_o story_n of_o spanish_a navigation_n shall_v not_o be_v convince_v out_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o magellane_n who_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o the_o south-west_n part_n pass_v by_o the_o magellane_n straits_n now_o call_v by_o his_o name_n and_o so_o return_v by_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n into_o spain_n to_o which_o we_o way_n add_v the_o voyage_n of_o drake_n candish_n and_o many_o other_o the_o second_o reason_n be_v urge_v by_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la and_o have_v its_o ground_n in_o archimedes_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr aqua-vectis_a which_o be_v form_v in_o this_o sort_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o affect_v and_o flow_v to_o the_o low_a place_n whence_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v infer_v that_o it_o must_v be_v round_o for_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v not_o always_o obtain_v the_o low_a place_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o this_o figure_n for_o if_o we_o ascribe_v to_o the_o water_n a_o plain_a superficies_n let_v it_o for_o example_n be_v adb_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n c_o let_v there_o be_v describe_v a_o circle_n to_o wit_n egf_n then_o let_v there_o be_v draw_v cd_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o ab_fw-la and_o let_v ac_fw-la and_o bc_n be_v join_v together_o now_o because_o the_o right_a line_n cd_o be_v less_o then_o ca_n or_o cb_n as_o will_v appear_v evident_o by_o sense_n it_o will_v be_v plain_a that_o the_o point_n d_o will_v be_v in_o a_o low_a place_n than_o the_o point_n a_o or_o b_o because_o d_o be_v near_o to_o the_o centre_n for_o as_o much_o as_o dc_o be_v but_o a_o part_n of_o a_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n whereas_o ac_fw-la and_o cb_n evident_o exceed_v that_o quantity_n or_o proportion_n another_o reason_n there_o be_v common_o draw_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o drop_n cast_v on_o the_o sand_n as_o also_o from_o water_n in_o pot_n who_o superficies_n seem_v to_o swell_v above_o the_o brim_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o place_n convenient_a be_v rather_o against_o this_o assertion_n then_o for_o it_o because_o indeed_o we_o affirm_v the_o water_n to_o be_v round_o but_o so_o as_o it_o claim_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v sensible_a in_o so_o little_a a_o portion_n as_o a_o drop_n or_o pot_n of_o water_n this_o proposition_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o these_o two_o reason_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o answer_v certain_a objection_n cast_v in_o by_o the_o say_v patricius_n against_o our_o assertion_n every_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n quoth_v patricius_n be_v either_o only_a plain_a or_o only_o round_a or_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o or_o neither_o plain_a nor_o round_a first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o both_o plain_a and_o round_o seem_v very_o evident_a for_o so_o it_o shall_v admit_v of_o contrariety_n neither_o can_v one_o part_n be_v plain_a and_o another_o round_o because_o the_o water_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o homogeneal_a body_n not_o consist_v of_o such_o unequal_a part_n that_o it_o shall_v neither_o be_v plain_a nor_o round_o seem_v more_o impossible_a because_o fâ—w_v or_o none_o have_v dream_v of_o any_o other_o figure_n last_o that_o it_o be_v not_o round_o only_a he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a reason_n and_o experiment_n first_o he_o testify_v of_o himself_o that_o sail_v in_o the_o sea_n he_o plain_o â—aw_v in_o the_o morning_n before_o sunrising_n the_o mountain_n of_o corsica_n which_o afterward_o assoon_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v vanish_v out_o of_o his_o sight_n whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o some_o other_o cause_n but_o this_o argument_n to_o judicious_a man_n will_v seem_v very_o weak_a 1_o because_o it_o depend_v altogether_o on_o the_o authority_n and_o credit_n of_o patricius_n who_o assertion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o another_o man_n denial_n 2_o be_v this_o argument_n every_o where_o sound_a yet_o will_v it_o prove_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o that_o this_o effect_n be_v not_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o can_v be_v draw_v any_o general_a conclusion_n that_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a we_o deny_v not_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o other_o cause_n sometime_o concur_v which_o may_v hinder_v or_o take_v away_o the_o sight_n of_o object_n from_o those_o who_o sail_n on_o the_o sea_n the_o second_o experiment_n patricius_n describe_v in_o this_o manner_n at_o a_o certain_a town_n call_v comaâ—lum_n say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a pool_n through_o which_o pool_n or_o lake_n some_o 3_o year_n ago_o it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o boat_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n almost_o all_o the_o way_n in_o all_o the_o journey_n appear_v to_o be_v less_o than_o 2_o foot_n in_o depth_n from_o the_o top_n the_o way_n increase_v at_o first_o the_o low_a part_n and_o foundation_n of_o house_n than_o the_o top_n and_o princely_a pinnacle_n begin_v to_o vanish_v from_o our_o sight_n at_o last_o have_v scarce_o pass_v 6000_o pace_n a_o tower_n 72_o foot_n high_a begin_v to_o appear_v as_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o middle_n and_o from_o the_o middle_a part_n upward_o appear_v visible_a
but_o after_o 10000_o pace_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o will_v here_o ask_v the_o geographer_n quoth_v patricius_n whether_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n wherein_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o whole_a space_n surpass_v not_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o water_n can_v ascend_v to_o 72_o foot_n have_v it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o have_v go_v with_o patricius_n over_o the_o lake_n i_o may_v perhaps_o by_o observation_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v give_v a_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n nevertheless_o be_v unacquainted_a aswell_o with_o the_o place_n as_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o observation_n i_o may_v perhaps_o guess_v somewhat_o at_o his_o error_n first_o then_o whereas_o he_o aver_v that_o pass_v along_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n a_o tower_n of_o 72_o foot_n high_a seem_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n which_o at_o 10000_o vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o confess_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n the_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n inter-posed_n can_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o hinder_v the_o sight_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n wherefore_o some_o other_o accidental_a cause_n must_v be_v seek_v out_o for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v make_v inquiry_n whether_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o boat_n be_v direct_o forward_o from_o the_o tower_n on_o the_o water_n no_o land_n inter-posed_n or_o indirect_o side-wise_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o shore_n may_v be_v place_v betwixt_o their_o sight_n and_o the_o tower_n mention_v the_o former_a no_o way_n can_v be_v imagine_v foras_fw-la much_o as_o it_o not_o only_o contradict_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o receive_a philosophy_n but_o also_o of_o patricius_n himself_o for_o give_v the_o earth_n a_o plain_a surface_n or_o angular_a or_o any_o other_o form_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n such_o a_o effect_n shall_v happen_v out_o of_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v oblique_a or_o indirect_a in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o shore_n may_v any_o way_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o tower_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o such_o a_o experiment_n shall_v happen_v for_o the_o land_n by_o which_o the_o boat_n may_v be_v carry_v may_v have_v a_o ascent_n by_o such_o degree_n as_o the_o tower_n at_o 1000_o pace_n may_v be_v for_o the_o half_a of_o it_o obscure_v and_o at_o last_o be_v altogether_o take_v out_o of_o sight_n this_o reason_n then_o of_o patricius_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o land_n then_o the_o water_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o patricius_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o water_n say_v he_o have_v a_o round_a superficies_n the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v challenge_v the_o like_a figure_n because_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n 1_o because_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o pot_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o spherical_a roundness_n for_o although_o at_o the_o brink_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v restrain_v above_o the_o pot_n yet_o no_o such_o swell_a appear_v in_o the_o middle_n 2_o that_o river_n be_v keep_v in_o by_o their_o bank_n which_o otherwise_o will_v flow_v abroad_o 3_o that_o river_n when_o by_o the_o melt_a of_o snow_n they_o swell_v so_o great_a as_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v contain_v within_o their_o bank_n do_v not_o seem_v high_o in_o the_o middle_n then_o in_o other_o place_n 4_o if_o any_o man_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o other_o level_v at_o any_o mark_n he_o may_v sure_o hit_v it_o which_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v if_o there_o be_v any_o spherical_a swell_n in_o the_o midst_n which_o may_v hinder_v the_o sight_n 5_o and_o last_o it_o seem_v so_o unlikely_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v rise_v in_o the_o midst_n that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v more_o hollow_a in_o that_o we_o plain_o observe_v that_o all_o filth_n and_o rubbish_n carry_v from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o settle_v and_o swim_v in_o the_o midst_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o argument_n of_o patricius_n our_o ground_n be_v yet_o unshake_a 1_n concern_v small_a drop_n and_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pot_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v round_o and_o spherical_a though_o not_o exact_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o this_o roundness_n i_o confess_v serve_v not_o any_o way_n to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n because_o the_o sphericity_n and_o roundness_n which_o we_o aver_v to_o be_v in_o water_n have_v for_o its_o centre_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o so_o small_a a_o arch_n or_o section_n as_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o pot_n or_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n can_v possible_o have_v any_o sensible_a appearance_n or_o existence_n and_o we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o fond_o urge_v to_o this_o purpose_n by_o some_o of_o our_o geographer_n and_o such_o as_o stand_v not_o with_o any_o demonstration_n which_o grant_v sufficient_o answer_v all_o the_o reason_n last_o urge_v by_o patricius_n except_o the_o last_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o require_v in_o the_o water_n a_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o this_o roundness_n in_o every_o river_n or_o little_a parcel_n of_o water_n which_o can_v be_v admit_v touch_v the_o last_o thing_n which_o he_o urge_v that_o all_o the_o rubbish_n and_o filthy_a matter_n be_v from_o the_o bank_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_n whence_o he_o will_v infer_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v hollow_a and_o low_a we_o can_v answer_v diverse_a way_n 1_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a because_o every_o man_n may_v oftentimes_o see_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o filthy_a rubbish_n rather_o use_v to_o cleave_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n then_o to_o float_v into_o the_o midst_n 2_o that_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o torrent_n which_o run_v violent_o from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o midst_n carry_v with_o it_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v light_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o place_n be_v great_a the_o current_n wide_o or_o swift_a but_o nothing_o here_o can_v be_v conclude_v to_o prove_v the_o water_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a force_n to_o be_v either_o plain_a or_o hollow_a in_o the_o midst_n which_o this_o adversary_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o discourse_v of_o such_o affection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o be_v elementary_a and_o know_v heretofore_o to_o ancient_a philosopher_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o treat_v of_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o follow_v the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o loadstone_n many_o have_v write_v but_o few_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a nature_n the_o invention_n of_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o certain_a herdsman_n who_o have_v his_o shoe_n shod_a with_o iron_n and_o a_o iron-pike_n in_o his_o hand_n rest_v himself_o on_o a_o quarry_n of_o loadstone_n can_v hardly_o remove_v himself_o from_o thence_o but_o this_o seem_v rather_o a_o pleasant_a poetical_a invention_n than_o a_o true_a history_n have_v no_o good_a author_n to_o avouch_v it_o but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o first_o invention_n be_v a_o matter_n rather_o indebt_v to_o chance_v then_o industry_n no_o small_a difficulty_n have_v discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a property_n somewhat_o i_o confess_v have_v be_v write_v of_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n as_o have_v be_v most_o know_v such_o as_o be_v the_o virtue_n attractive_a by_o which_o it_o draw_v to_o itself_o iron_n or_o steel_n as_o also_o the_o virtue_n directive_a by_o which_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o the_o magnet_n direct_v and_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n the_o rest_n of_o magnetical_a propriety_n i_o find_v in_o ancient_a writer_n as_o little_o know_v as_o their_o cause_n &_o if_o any_o matter_n herein_o be_v broach_v it_o be_v mere_o conjectural_a and_o depend_v on_o no_o certain_a demonstration_n neither_o have_v we_o any_o certain_a or_o satisfactory_a knowledge_n of_o this_o thing_n until_o such_o time_n as_o it_o please_v god_n to_o raise_v up_o one_o of_o our_o countryman_n d._n gilbert_n who_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n have_v tread_v out_o a_o new_a path_n to_o
directive_a power_n more_o remarkable_a then_o in_o magnetical_a body_n especial_o in_o their_o direction_n and_o variation_n motion_n treat_v of_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a to_o which_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o theorem_a we_o refer_v the_o reader_n 9_o the_o radical_a faculty_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v somewhat_o speak_v of_o aswell_o in_o their_o motive_n as_o disponent_fw-la virtue_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o derive_v motion_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o these_o faculty_n 6_o these_o motion_n magnetical_a be_v either_o partial_a or_o total_a the_o partial_a we_o call_v that_o by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v magnetical_o move_v and_o conform_v as_o well_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n 7_o the_o magnetical_a partial_a motion_n be_v coition_n direction_n variation_n and_o declination_n magnetical_a coition_n be_v that_o motion_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v join_v and_o apply_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o iron_n and_o steel_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o move_v unto_o the_o loadstone_n and_o cleave_v unto_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o his_o virtue_n this_o motion_n be_v common_o call_v attraction_n but_o improper_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o d._n gilbert_n 1_o because_o attraction_n seem_v to_o suppose_v a_o external_a force_n or_o violence_n by_o which_o one_o thing_n be_v carry_v and_o move_v unto_o another_o but_o the_o coition_n be_v mere_o natural_a as_o proceed_v from_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o both_o the_o body_n 2_o attraction_n suppose_v the_o force_n of_o move_v to_o be_v only_o in_o the_o one_o party_n and_o the_o other_o to_o be_v mere_o passive_a and_o not_o active_o concur_v to_o this_o motion_n whereas_o in_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n both_o part_n be_v mutual_o incline_v by_o nature_n to_o meet_v and_o join_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o not_o that_o the_o force_n of_o motion_n in_o both_o part_n be_v always_o equal_a because_o one_o magnetical_a body_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o one_o part_n seem_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o draw_v the_o other_o unto_o it_o although_o there_o be_v in_o this_o part_n so_o rest_v a_o inclination_n to_o the_o other_o which_o mutual_a inclination_n of_o conjunction_n in_o magnet_n we_o may_v easy_o see_v in_o two_o magnet_n of_o equal_a quantity_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v set_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n will_v so_o move_v that_o they_o will_v meet_v in_o the_o midway_n some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o parallel_v this_o attractive_a force_n of_o the_o loadstone_n with_o the_o attractive_a force_n of_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o we_o see_v by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n to_o draw_v unto_o itself_o little_a straw_n and_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n but_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o magnetical_a body_n shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n first_o because_o the_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o electricall_a body_n draw_v unto_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o matter_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o form_n as_o be_v too_o subtle_a a_o thing_n to_o spring_v from_o a_o material_a substance_n second_o electricall_a body_n draw_v and_o attract_v not_o without_o rub_v and_o stir_v up_o of_o the_o matter_n first_o and_o present_o fail_v if_o any_o vapour_n or_o thick_a body_n shall_v be_v interpose_v but_o in_o a_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o find_v no_o such_o matter_n because_o it_o require_v no_o such_o preparation_n or_o rub_v of_o the_o stone_n nor_o be_v hinder_v by_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n as_o we_o prove_v in_o this_o place_n three_o the_o loadstone_n move_v and_o provoke_v to_o motion_n nothing_o else_o but_o other_o magnetical_a body_n but_o the_o electricall_a will_v draw_v any_o little_a thing_n as_o straw_n hair_n dust_n and_o such_o like_a four_o the_o magnet_n will_v lift_v a_o great_a weight_n according_a to_o his_o virtue_n and_o quantity_n but_o jet_n the_o small_a and_o light_a thing_n last_o the_o electricall_a body_n as_o gilbert_n well_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n draw_v other_o body_n unto_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o moist_a effluence_n of_o vapour_n which_o have_v a_o quality_n of_o join_v body_n together_o as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o two_o stick_n in_o water_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n which_o will_v common_o move_v till_o they_o meet_v together_o but_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n can_v be_v other_o than_o a_o act_n of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o many_o philosopher_n have_v free_o spend_v their_o uncertain_a conjecture_n rather_o out_o of_o a_o fear_n to_o be_v esteem_v ignorant_a then_o of_o confidence_n to_o be_v account_v learned_a most_o run_v upon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n which_o grow_v from_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o four_o element_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o feeble_a and_o can_v go_v without_o crouch_n for_o since_o all_o mix_a form_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n they_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o thing_n compound_v but_o diverse_o modificate_n what_o be_v before_o in_o the_o simple_a element_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o such_o a_o affection_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o magnet_n and_o no_o other_o mix_v body_n indeed_o we_o ascribe_v this_o affection_n to_o the_o form_n as_o the_o immediate_a cause_n but_o by_o this_o form_n we_o understand_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mixture_n result_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n but_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o all_o globous_a body_n such_o as_o be_v the_o sun_n moon_n star_n and_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n whereon_o we_o live_v who_o nature_n receive_v the_o stamp_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o integrity_n he_o that_o shall_v seek_v for_o the_o original_n of_o all_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o mixture_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o four_o element_n shall_v labour_v much_o and_o find_v little_a and_o neither_o at_o last_o be_v able_a to_o content_v himself_o or_o instruct_v other_o except_o we_o suppose_v a_o man_n sufficient_o teach_v when_o he_o hear_v ordinary_a matter_n express_v in_o exotic_a and_o artificial_a term_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o content_v myself_o with_o a_o rule_n of_o biel_n the_o schooleman_n that_o when_o a_o immediate_a effect_n proceed_v from_o a_o immediate_a cause_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o search_v far_o why_o such_o a_o cause_n shall_v produce_v such_o a_o effect_n every_o man_n be_v demand_v why_o the_o fire_n be_v hot_a be_v ready_a to_o fly_v to_o the_o form_n 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cause_v common_o two_o way_n either_o by_o contagion_n natural_o incident_a to_o diverse_a place_n or_o by_o hostile_a invasion_n and_o devastation_n of_o this_o latter_a arise_v two_o main_a effect_n the_o first_o be_v the_o want_n and_o scarcity_n of_o inhabitant_n which_o shall_v dress_v and_o manure_v the_o ground_n to_o make_v it_o more_o fruitful_a and_o accommodate_v to_o man_n use_n the_o second_o be_v their_o poverty_n and_o captivity_n whereof_o the_o one_o make_v they_o unable_a the_o second_o unwilling_a to_o effect_v any_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n a_o good_a instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v in_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n which_o in_o time_n pass_v by_o god_n himself_o be_v call_v a_o land_n flow_v with_o milk_n and_o honey_n for_o the_o admirable_a pleasantness_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n yet_o at_o this_o day_n if_o we_o will_v credit_v traveller_n report_v a_o most_o barren_a region_n devoid_a almost_o of_o all_o good_a 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warrant_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o experience_a navigator_n in_o so_o much_o as_o i_o presume_v few_o man_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o who_o have_v either_o be_v a_o travaller_n himself_o into_o far_a country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v read_v other_o man_n discovery_n the_o only_a matter_n therefore_o we_o here_o intend_v be_v to_o produce_v certain_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o make_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o effect_n and_o inquiry_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o first_o cause_n which_o i_o can_v allege_v be_v the_o industry_n of_o mankind_n inhabit_v any_o country_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a theorem_a out_o of_o which_o arise_v a_o twofold_a effect_n 1_o the_o improve_v of_o the_o soil_n by_o remove_v all_o such_o impediment_n as_o otherwise_o will_v prove_v noisome_a to_o mankind_n for_o whereas_o all_o thing_n grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n be_v suffer_v to_o rot_v into_o the_o ground_n in_o like_a manner_n what_o other_o can_v we_o expect_v but_o fen_n fog_n and_o noisome_a vapour_n altogether_o hurtful_a to_o the_o welfare_n and_o life_n of_o man_n 2_o the_o profit_n of_o man_n industry_n be_v no_o less_o apparent_a in_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o open_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o diverse_a substance_n send_v forth_o many_o time_n certain_a hot_a fume_n and_o vapour_n which_o in_o many_o cold_a country_n mollify_v the_o usual_a rigour_n of_o the_o air_n which_o most_o offend_v the_o inhabitant_n this_o reason_n be_v give_v by_o my_o countryman_n captain_n whitborne_n for_o the_o extreme_a cold_a which_o some_o man_n profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v try_v in_o newfoundland_n which_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o many_o man_n description_n be_v know_v to_o lie_v far_o more_o south_n than_o england_n for_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n drive_v into_o the_o north_n part_n by_o the_o european_n who_o usual_o trade_n there_o for_o fish_n and_o they_o themselves_o live_v altogether_o on_o fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o wild_a beast_n on_o the_o land_n as_o bear_n dear_a and_o such_o like_a without_o any_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o herbage_n the_o soil_n by_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n leave_v altogether_o unmanured_a so_o that_o neither_o the_o soil_n can_v be_v well_o cleanse_v from_o noisome_a vapour_n arise_v from_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o herbage_n rot_v as_o i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n or_o leave_v free_a to_o send_v out_o such_o wholesome_a fume_n and_o vapour_n from_o its_o interior_a part_n which_o may_v warm_v the_o air_n and_o preserve_v mankind_n 3_o a_o three_o reason_n draw_v from_o man_n industry_n that_o those_o country_n which_o have_v enjoy_v inhabitant_n by_o the_o continual_a use_n of_o fire_n have_v their_o air_n more_o purge_v and_o refine_v from_o drossy_a and_o noisome_a vapour_n which_o usual_o arise_v out_o of_o 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theorem_a the_o second_o cause_n which_o be_v as_o a_o consequent_a of_o habitation_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v of_o people_n live_v in_o any_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o may_v follow_v two_o effect_n 1_o a_o certain_a measure_n of_o heat_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o any_o room_n in_o a_o great_a throng_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o breathe_n together_o in_o one_o place_n 2_o the_o assimilation_n of_o the_o air_n to_o humane_a body_n by_o a_o continual_a respiration_n these_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n may_v perhaps_o to_o common_a apprehension_n seem_v small_a and_o insensible_a but_o he_o that_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v requisite_a for_o a_o man_n respiration_n and_o the_o space_n and_o extent_n of_o motion_n together_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o a_o populous_a country_n will_v hold_v it_o no_o strange_a matter_n that_o the_o breathe_n of_o man_n shall_v breed_v such_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o strong_a build_v house_n be_v leave_v tenantlesse_a will_v soon_o fall_v into_o decay_n not_o so_o much_o for_o want_v of_o reparation_n as_o the_o foggy_a vapour_n and_o moisture_n cause_v by_o want_n of_o respiration_n the_o like_a whereof_o in_o some_o proportion_n may_v we_o imagine_v to_o be_v in_o a_o region_n want_v inhabitant_n and_o deprive_v of_o this_o benefit_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_n adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o in_o a_o place_n topographical_o take_v two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o adjunct_n 2_o the_o description_n the_o adjunct_n be_v such_o propriety_n as_o agree_v to_o special_a place_n 2_o such_o adjunct_n agree_v to_o a_o place_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n those_o which_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o
it_o will_v ever_o prosper_v 4_o why_o our_o mastiff_n a_o serviceable_a kind_n of_o creature_n against_o the_o molestation_n of_o wolf_n and_o such_o hurtful_a beast_n transport_v into_o france_n shall_v after_o a_o litter_n or_o two_o degenerate_a into_o cur_n and_o prove_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a 5_o why_o with_o we_o in_o england_n some_o place_n produce_v sheep_n of_o great_a stature_n but_o course_n wool_n other_o place_n small_a sheep_n but_o of_o very_o fine_a wool_n which_o be_v natural_o transplant_v will_v in_o a_o generation_n or_o two_o so_o degenerate_a the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o nature_n that_o the_o great_a sheep_n loose_v somewhat_o of_o their_o greatness_n yet_o improve_v their_o fleece_n as_o the_o other_o increase_v their_o stature_n but_o loose_a much_o in_o the_o fineness_n of_o their_o wool_n 6_o why_o many_o place_n at_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n andi_fw-la in_o america_n can_v be_v pass_v over_o without_o extreme_a vomit_v and_o gripe_v even_o unto_o death_n 7_o why_o a_o river_n in_o the_o indies_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o nature_n to_o breed_v a_o great_a long_a worm_n in_o a_o man_n leg_n which_o oftentimes_o prove_v mortal_a unto_o the_o patient_a with_o infinite_a the_o like_a example_n find_v in_o geographer_n concern_v the_o nature_n and_o accident_n of_o fountain_n herb_n tree_n beast_n and_o man_n themselves_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o so_o much_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n what_o wise_a answer_n can_v a_o ingenious_a man_n expect_v then_o silence_n or_o admiration_n for_o to_o make_v recourse_n to_o sympathy_n antipathy_n and_o such_o hide_a quality_n with_o the_o current_n of_o our_o philosopher_n be_v no_o other_o than_o in_o such_o sort_n to_o confess_v our_o own_o ignorance_n as_o if_o notwithstanding_o we_o desire_v to_o be_v account_v learned_a for_o beside_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o term_n wherein_o every_o mountebank_n may_v talk_v down_o a_o judicious_a scholar_n i_o see_v no_o advantage_n betwixt_o a_o clown_n which_o say_v he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o a_o effect_n or_o of_o a_o juggle_a scholar_n which_o assign_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o sympathy_n antipathy_n or_o some_o occult_a quality_n i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o countenance_v supine_n blockishness_n or_o to_o cast_v a_o block_n in_o the_o way_n of_o curious_a industry_n the_o former_a disposition_n i_o have_v always_o hate_v and_o the_o latter_a still_o wish_v in_o myself_o and_o admit_v in_o other_o all_o which_o i_o can_v in_o this_o matter_n propose_v to_o a_o curious_a wit_n to_o be_v seek_v must_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o of_o these_o two_o head_n for_o either_o such_o admirable_a effect_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v must_v arise_v from_o some_o formal_a and_o specifical_a virtue_n in_o the_o soil_n or_o from_o some_o extraordinary_a temperament_n make_v of_o a_o rare_a combination_n of_o the_o element_n and_o their_o secondary_a mixture_n as_o of_o herb_n stone_n mineral_n and_o vapour_n arise_v from_o such_o and_o affect_v the_o air_n of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v some_o occasion_n to_o treat_v in_o the_o particular_a adjunct_n of_o place_n yet_o so_o as_o i_o fear_v i_o shall_v neither_o give_v myself_o content_a or_o my_o reader_n any_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n but_o in_o magnis_fw-la voluisse_fw-la sit_v est_fw-la 11_o hitherto_o of_o the_o common_a imbred_a adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n topographical_o take_v next_o we_o will_v speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n these_o be_v in_o number_n two_o viz_o variation_n and_o declination_n we_o have_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n handle_v diverse_a other_o affection_n grow_v from_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whence_o some_o man_n may_v here_o collect_v this_o repetition_n to_o be_v altogether_o needless_a 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the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o recognition_n of_o a_o place_n heretofore_o discover_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a book_n because_o the_o variation_n seldom_o or_o never_o answer_v proportional_o to_o the_o longitude_n as_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n on_o false_a ground_n have_v surmise_v whence_o no_o true_a consequence_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o variation_n of_o a_o place_n to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v of_o special_a use_n for_o the_o new_a find_v out_o of_o such_o place_n as_o have_v former_o by_o other_o be_v first_o discover_v so_o the_o variation_n be_v first_o by_o they_o diligent_o and_o faithful_o note_v and_o observe_v first_o because_o few_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n can_v exact_o and_o precise_o agree_v in_o the_o selfsame_o variation_n but_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o minute_n will_v be_v find_v to_o vary_v second_o if_o any_o two_o place_n 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breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o hour_n backward_o for_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o blow_v many_o day_n the_o same_o way_n without_o cease_v yet_o be_v their_o not_o one_o only_o flow_v or_o one_o ebb_v in_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o sun_n stir_v up_o sometime_o wind_n and_o sometime_o stir_v they_o not_o up_o but_o of_o a_o perpetual_a effect_n which_o be_v daily_o why_o will_v this_o philosopher_n give_v a_o cause_n mere_o violent_a and_o not_o quotidian_a which_o notwithstanding_o will_v have_v nothing_o violent_a to_o be_v perpetual_a if_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o move_v natural_o by_o other_o motion_n as_o the_o euripus_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o death_n wherefore_o will_v he_o deny_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a seek_v out_o a_o external_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n but_o all_o this_o while_n our_o platonic_a philosopher_n seem_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n for_o what_o judicious_a man_n can_v imagine_v so_o judicious_a and_o wise_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n shall_v so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o riâ—e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n câ—n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v â—o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n
of_o madera_n the_o canary_n and_o s._n thomas_n it_o surpass_v not_o the_o height_n of_o venice_n but_o in_o america_n on_o the_o hithermost_a coast_n from_o florida_n sinus_n mexicanus_n the_o coast_n of_o brasile_n and_o pariâ—_n more_o than_o three_o thousand_o league_n even_o to_o the_o magellane_n straits_n it_o increase_v almost_o to_o two_o palm_n breadth_n but_o far_a south_n to_o panama_n and_o all_o those_o southern_a shore_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v of_o a_o excessive_a height_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n india_n and_o taprobana_n three_o if_o the_o moon_n by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n shall_v move_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o will_v it_o move_v the_o ocean_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o the_o course_n of_o wind_n with_o the_o same_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o same_o wind_n but_o this_o thwart_v experience_n which_o be_v thus_o prove_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n when_o as_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o adriaticke_n ionian_a and_o sicilian_a sea_n the_o water_n flow_v towards_o the_o land_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v as_o the_o mariner_n speak_v in_o sirocco_n and_o in_o maestro_n but_o ebb_v or_o flow_v back_o from_o the_o land_n when_o it_o be_v in_o graeco_fw-la atque_fw-la garbinio_fw-la and_o contrariwise_o the_o ocean_n swell_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o graece_fw-la and_o garbinio_fw-la but_o assuage_v itself_o again_o when_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o sirocco_n and_o maestro_n four_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n shall_v follow_v the_o moon_n than_o all_o place_n in_o the_o same_o distance_n shall_v ebb_v &_o flow_v alike_o at_o like_a hour_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o experiment_n of_o patricius_n who_o report_v that_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n place_n distant_a 20_o degree_n have_v be_v see_v to_o ebb_v or_o flow_v alike_o and_o the_o place_n betwixt_o also_o to_o vary_v and_o observe_v no_o just_a proportion_n four_o if_o these_o surge_n shall_v be_v stir_v up_o by_o the_o moon_n than_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o hour_n shall_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o moon_n but_o this_o iâ—_n contrary_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o mariner_n who_o have_v observe_v that_o on_o the_o norman_a coast_n and_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o calais_n the_o tide_n happen_v the_o nine_o hour_n from_o midnight_n but_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n not_o a_o full_a hour_n but_o at_o the_o twenty_o and_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n at_o 22_o hour_n five_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v the_o water_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n increase_v and_o decrease_v but_o this_o be_v opposite_a to_o observation_n for_o at_o venice_n the_o sea_n be_v know_v to_o flow_v sometime_o for_o seven_o sometime_o for_o eight_o but_o ebb_v in_o few_o hour_n but_o about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n senega_n in_o the_o atlantic_a it_o be_v come_v in_o foore_a hour_n but_o go_v not_o back_o under_o eight_o so_o about_o goâ—umniae_n ostia_n the_o tide_n be_v come_v in_o seven_o hour_n but_o go_v back_o in_o five_o six_o if_o the_o water_n flow_v by_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v draw_v and_o carry_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o all_o action_n be_v by_o a_o touch_v and_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o water_n by_o her_o light_n but_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o at_o midnight_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v most_o distant_a in_o her_o light_n our_o sea_n do_v no_o less_o ebb_n and_o flow_v then_o when_o it_o be_v present_a &_o so_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o antipode_n do_v ebb_n &_o flow_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v present_a with_o us._n 7_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a ancient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n than_o the_o same_o light_n be_v present_a the_o same_o agenâ—_n move_v the_o same_o effect_n shall_v necessary_o follow_v but_o we_o find_v that_o it_o produce_v two_o contrary_a one_o to_o the_o other_o because_o in_o her_o ascent_n to_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n but_o a_o little_a decline_a from_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v think_v to_o depress_v &_o assuage_v the_o water_n 8_o if_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n then_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v not_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o such_o motion_n because_o contrary_a cause_n produce_v contrary_a effect_n but_o we_o observe_v the_o same_o ebb_a &_o flow_v in_o the_o conjunction_n or_o new_a moon_n when_o she_o have_v no_o light_n as_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n when_o with_o full_a face_n she_o behold_v the_o sea_n for_o in_o both_o these_o time_n we_o have_v high_a â—ides_n these_o &_o many_o more_o argument_n be_v urge_v by_o patricius_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o sun_n among_o other_o i_o find_v the_o chief_a patron_n to_o be_v tâ—â—esius_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v in_o this_o wise_a because_o it_o will_v avoid_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n fear_v lest_o it_o shall_v be_v too_o much_o dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o so_o perish_v but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v far_o more_o weak_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v concern_v this_o motion_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v to_o avoid_v the_o sun_n heat_n whether_o it_o be_v voluntary_a or_o necessary_a it_o can_v be_v voluntary_a oâ—_n a_o free_a action_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o live_a creature_n to_o which_o only_o such_o a_o motion_n be_v incident_a if_o it_o be_v necessary_a than_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v natural_a because_o according_a to_o aristotle_n one_o body_n can_v have_v but_o one_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o water_n be_v a_o simple_a body_n have_v another_o motion_n to_o fall_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n wherefore_o it_o can_v also_o admit_v of_o this_o it_o can_v be_v violent_a first_o because_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a second_o no_o cause_n can_v be_v think_v upon_o external_a which_o shall_v cause_v this_o violent_a motion_n and_o if_o any_o such_o cause_n there_o be_v find_v then_o be_v not_o this_o of_o telesius_n the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n since_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o far_a cause_n three_o no_o cause_n can_v here_o be_v show_v according_a to_o this_o opininion_n why_o all_o other_o water_n as_o fresh_a river_n shall_v not_o likewise_o strive_v to_o â—ide_v themselves_o from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n four_o he_o shall_v give_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o belgic_a and_o armoricke_a shore_n which_o be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o motion_n be_v no_o less_o eminent_a than_o in_o taprobana_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o torride_a zone_n and_o why_o in_o the_o island_n of_o s._n thomas_n which_o be_v immediate_o under_o the_o equatour_n there_o be_v not_o a_o great_a work_n of_o the_o water_n then_o at_o venice_n five_o that_o which_o telesius_n bring_v to_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n be_v no_o less_o warrantable_a than_o the_o main_a point_n in_o controversy_n in_o the_o summer_n say_v he_o the_o flood_n be_v lesser_o because_o the_o sun_n raise_v up_o thin_a vapourâ—_n which_o be_v easy_o dissolve_v but_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v less_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v of_o least_o force_n and_o so_o raise_v up_o few_o vapour_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o both_o these_o matter_n be_v prove_v â—alse_a by_o experience_n first_o because_o in_o the_o summer_n we_o have_v as_o great_a a_o work_n of_o the_o water_n as_o at_o other_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n also_o as_o great_a or_o great_a second_o say_v the_o say_a author_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o motion_n be_v great_a because_o the_o much_o light_n arise_v from_o the_o moon_n draw_v up_o many_o vapour_n 〈◊〉_d the_o new_a moon_n because_o the_o air_n be_v refrigerated_a the_o internal_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n collect_v itself_o be_v make_v strong_a with_o more_o vapour_n in_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o there_o be_v not_o much_o light_a caâ—t_n from_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o much_o collect_v by_o the_o external_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n to_o all_o these_o matter_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v first_o how_o can_v the_o moon_n bestow_v any_o light_n on_o our_o sea_n when_o she_o be_v with_o the_o antipode_n second_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o internal_a heat_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o make_v strong_a by_o external_a cold_n 1_o first_o i_o ask_v how_o the_o sea_n can_v send_v
forth_o these_o vapour_n if_o the_o vapour_n keep_v under_o do_v raise_v the_o sea_n up_o or_o if_o the_o sea_n swell_v with_o these_o vapour_n in_o her_o womb_n how_o can_v she_o let_v they_o out_o 2_o how_o will_v he_o prove_v the_o sea_n natural_o to_o be_v hot_a since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cold_a element_n three_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v but_o in_o half_o impart_v to_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o sea_n proportional_o in_o half_a be_v stir_v up_o wherefore_o patricius_n and_o casman_n find_v neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o moon_n of_o itself_o to_o be_v a_o sole_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n have_v join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o this_o causality_n and_o add_v beside_o other_o particular_a cause_n first_o say_v they_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o cause_n concur_v to_o that_o effect_n either_o universal_a and_o external_a or_o particular_a internal_a and_o next_o cause_n the_o universal_a cause_n be_v two_o to_o wit_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n say_v he_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o beam_n and_o light_n do_v conserve_v vivificate_a and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n the_o internal_a and_o original_a heat_n in_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o heat_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o vivificate_v all_o thing_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o motion_n and_o be_v so_o accommodate_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o motion_n as_o if_o from_o a_o internal_a life_n they_o shall_v be_v promote_v to_o a_o external_a for_o as_o in_o the_o primary_n life_n of_o thing_n the_o motion_n and_o action_n be_v show_v in_o the_o essence_n in_o the_o secondary_a the_o action_n and_o motion_n outward_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o first_o and_o original_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n cherish_v &_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n drive_v the_o ocean_n and_o move_v it_o to_o action_n the_o moon_n also_o cherish_v preserve_v vivificate_n nourish_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o motion_n all_o these_o earthly_a humour_n and_o moisture_n and_o as_o she_o daily_o by_o hour_n behold_v the_o sun_n as_o her_o darling_n and_o by_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v big-bellied_a with_o lively_a seed_n so_o she_o behold_v her_o love_n the_o ocean_n day_n and_o night_n and_o fill_v the_o ocean_n with_o these_o seed_n which_o she_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o her_o motion_n without_o the_o diffusion_n of_o her_o light_n without_o the_o effusion_n of_o her_o influence_n &_o seed_n wherefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o all_o our_o humour_n and_o moisture_n shall_v be_v make_v fruitful_a conceive_v life_n bring_v forth_o bear_v fruit_n and_o be_v stir_v up_o to_o life_n and_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n through_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o ocean_n wherefore_o all_o low_a moisture_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moon_n notwithstanding_o all_o be_v not_o equal_o under_o her_o dominion_n since_o all_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o rarity_n or_o density_n or_o of_o the_o same_o heat_n reason_n all_o â—aged_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o sink_v into_o it_o so_o that_o for_o the_o crassitude_n of_o it_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a than_o other_o water_n and_o so_o more_o unapt_a for_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v record_v by_o some_o that_o in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o motion_n and_o so_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n no_o such_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o strange_a effect_n some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o water_n one_o of_o the_o causeâ—_n above_o name_v beget_v few_o and_o weak_a vapour_n and_o spirit_n which_o either_o straightway_o breath_n out_o or_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n this_o thinness_n be_v confirm_v to_o be_v in_o that_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o john_n barro_n out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr castro_n which_o find_v this_o water_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o like_a to_o crystal_n then_o that_o of_o other_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o clear_a perspicuity_n of_o it_o for_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o sea_n may_v the_o bottom_n plain_o be_v see_v four_o we_o read_v the_o like_a of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o never_o ebb_v or_o flow_v which_o bartholomew_n kackerman_n that_o countryman_n ascribe_v 1._o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n 2._o to_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o 3._o to_o the_o northern_a situation_n which_o cause_n i_o think_v he_o may_v well_o have_v spare_v consider_v that_o more_o northern_a sea_n then_o that_o both_o ebb_n and_o flow_v five_o it_o be_v report_v of_o maotis_n pontus_n and_o proppotis_n that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o never_o ebb_v for_o maotis_n flow_v into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o low_a and_o the_o pontic_a into_o the_o propontick_a &_o aegean_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o return_v not_o back_o again_o but_o beside_o this_o cause_n of_o this_o declinity_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a than_o that_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o first_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o and_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n for_o maotis_n palus_n beside_o other_o partake_v of_o tanais_n into_o pontus_n fall_n according_a to_o arcanus_fw-la report_n about_o 52_o fresh_a river_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v ister_n hispanis_n boristhenes_n tanais_n phasis_n all_o great_a current_n second_o the_o forename_a fish_n which_o delight_n in_o fresh_a spring_n be_v here_o also_o find_v in_o abundance_n beside_o this_o freshness_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n as_o pliny_n and_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sea_n of_o extraordinary_a depth_n so_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v negrepont_n or_o the_o blacke-sea_n which_o blackness_n be_v by_o some_o think_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o wherein_o in_o many_o place_n they_o can_v sound_v no_o bottom_n six_o it_o be_v testify_v of_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o narbon_n sea_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o this_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v only_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a depth_n for_o few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v disburden_v into_o it_o except_o rhodanus_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v why_o this_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o although_o many_o be_v think_v on_o be_v chief_o reduce_v either_o to_o the_o excess_n of_o saltness_n in_o the_o water_n or_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n into_o which_o from_o a_o open_a place_n the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_v or_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n all_o which_o either_o concur_v together_o or_o take_v by_o themselves_o apart_o may_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o in_o one_o place_v they_o another_o which_o may_v as_o the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n four_o sea_n be_v more_o particular_o note_v to_o flow_v and_o swell_v high_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v that_o compass_v about_o europe_n from_o hercules_n pillar_n which_o according_a to_o diverse_a shore_n take_v diverse_a name_n as_o the_o portugal_n cantabrian_n gallican_n belgic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v be_v the_o second_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o cambaia_n and_o india_n the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o compass_v about_o taprobana_n for_o the_o three_o last_o the_o cause_n fore-specified_n seem_v manifest_o to_o concur_v for_o taprobana_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v a_o shore_n not_o above_o six_o pace_n deep_a and_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v green_a and_o overgrow_v with_o weed_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weed_n fret_v their_o ship_n and_o late_a writer_n report_v that_o the_o land_n be_v know_v to_o augment_v the_o confine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n so_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o some_o sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o channel_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v it_o follow_v that_o other_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o of_o contrary_a â—_z proceed_v ordinary_o contrary_a effect_n moreover_o it_o
next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o their_o ordinary_a greatness_n or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o great_a probability_n that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o rain_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o some_o river_n may_v be_v probable_a because_o some_o current_n out_o of_o doubt_n take_v their_o original_n from_o great_a shower_n or_o snow_n as_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o other_o such_o place_n where_o the_o snow_n daily_o melt_v and_o feed_v they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o all_o river_n it_o be_v manifest_o false_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n no_o where_o drink_v up_o the_o rain_n far_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o high_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dry_a and_o so_o easy_o drink_v up_o and_o consume_v the_o water_n within_o that_o space_n or_o else_o be_v already_o moist_a it_o receive_v it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o expel_v it_o by_o river_n and_o channel_n second_o some_o mountain_n not_o cover_v with_o earth_n but_o consist_v of_o hard_a rock_n notwithstanding_o send_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o through_o a_o hard_a rocky_a substance_n three_o because_o in_o very_o dry_a place_n certain_a pit_n be_v dig_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n 2_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a will_v discover_v many_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n which_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o receit_n of_o rain_n four_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o rain_n can_v in_o a_o winter_n fall_v into_o one_o place_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n consume_v to_o nourish_v so_o mighty_a and_o great_a river_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v river_n run_v in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n five_o all_o river_n almost_o take_v their_o original_n from_o some_o mountain_n or_o other_o as_o danubius_n from_o the_o alps_n and_o nilus_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n which_o place_n be_v extraordinary_a high_a be_v more_o unapt_a to_o receive_v water_n than_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o they_o allege_v for_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o answer_v that_o river_n shall_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n thâ—_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v better_o give_v because_o more_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v into_o the_o brink_n from_o external_a râ—ine_n or_o snow_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a be_v able_a to_o drink_v less_o then_o at_o other_o time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o rivers_n for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o fountain_n may_v sometime_o be_v increase_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v by_o addition_n of_o rainwater_n but_o that_o any_o such_o vast_a concavity_n shall_v be_v under_o ground_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o so_o much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o ground_n for_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sâ—a_n and_o land_n one_o with_o the_o other_o he_o firm_o maintain_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bound_v and_o restrain_v from_o overflow_a the_o dry_a land_n by_o the_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o creator_n if_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o need_v there_o any_o ascent_n or_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o water_n by_o any_o external_a power_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n since_o the_o remit_v of_o this_o restraint_n of_o waterâ—_n in_o some_o place_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v such_o spring_n and_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n second_o his_o opinion_n can_v stand_v without_o manifest_a contradiction_n of_o himself_o for_o how_o can_v the_o water_n be_v of_o his_o own_o nature_n heavy_a be_v draw_v upward_o without_o violence_n and_o thwart_a of_o nature_n and_o whereas_o he_o allege_n for_o himself_o a_o obedientiall_a aptness_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n to_o obey_v the_o superior_a he_o shall_v find_v very_o little_a help_n to_o maintain_v his_o part_n for_o this_o obedientiall_a inclination_n must_v be_v either_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n or_o opposite_a unto_o it_o or_o at_o least_o the_o one_o must_v be_v sudordinate_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n he_o himself_o disclaim_v and_o experience_n refute_v because_o it_o natural_o descend_v not_o ascend_v if_o it_o be_v opposite_a as_o indeed_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v he_o contradict_v himself_o if_o the_o physical_a and_o obedientiall_a inclination_n be_v subordinate_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o i_o urge_v that_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effect_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v measure_v and_o proportion_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o but_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o descent_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v and_o 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then_o a_o orderly_a consent_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n from_o who_o mutual_a cooperation_n it_o receive_v his_o perfection_n so_o that_o where_o any_o part_n fail_v in_o his_o own_o office_n the_o whole_a must_v needs_o sustain_v damage_n three_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v resolve_v by_o any_o of_o this_o opinion_n by_o what_o mean_n or_o instrument_n the_o heavenly_a or_o superior_a body_n can_v have_v such_o a_o operative_a power_n over_o the_o water_n as_o to_o lift_v it_o upward_o from_o his_o own_o centre_n for_o neither_o can_v this_o thing_n be_v perform_v by_o motion_n height_n or_o any_o influence_n which_o be_v the_o three_o mean_n of_o operation_n of_o celestial_a body_n on_o elementary_a i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o prove_v every_o particular_a in_o this_o matter_n but_o only_o will_v have_v my_o adversary_n to_o answer_v and_o give_v a_o instance_n and_o speciality_n another_o opinion_n there_o be_v of_o aristotle_n follow_v by_o all_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n and_o 13_o chapter_n go_v about_o to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o spring_n and_o well_n in_o the_o land_n be_v produce_v and_o generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o any_o vapour_n resolve_v into_o water_n which_o opinion_n he_o labour_v â—o_o strengthen_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v within_o it_o much_o air_n because_o nature_n will_v nowhere_o admit_v a_o vacuity_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o only_o many_o open_a but_o a_o great_a many_o secret_a hole_n and_o concavity_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v fill_v then_o with_o air_n moreover_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o vapour_n therein_o contain_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o star_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o that_o aswell_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o vapour_n there_o also_o breed_v be_v perpetual_o convert_v into_o water_n this_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o persuade_v because_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n expel_v their_o heat_n they_o shall_v harden_v &_o condensate_a &_o be_v dispose_v at_o last_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n whence_o also_o the_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d give_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v not_o always_o thence_o breed_v aswell_o for_o other_o cause_n as_o for_o that_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v sometime_o too_o hot_a and_o the_o vapour_n be_v too_o much_o attenuate_v and_o ratify_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o rain_n can_v be_v always_o supply_v this_o will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o spring_n and_o fountain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v first_o distil_v as_o it_o be_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o this_o vapourous_a matter_n and_o this_o moist_a matter_n so_o collect_v and_o draw_v together_o shall_v afterwards_o break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ—_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o river_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o seem_v probable_a and_o support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o philosopher_n i_o dare_v not_o whole_o assent_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o thwart_v the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o can_v otherwise_o stand_v with_o reason_n because_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v how_o so_o many_o vapour_n and_o so_o continual_o shall_v be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n as_o we_o see_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o aire_n be_v condensated_a and_o make_v water_n will_v become_v but_o as_o a_o little_a drop_n the_o air_n according_a
of_o his_o eye_n much_o incline_v to_o black_a now_o if_o we_o will_v beleeâ—â—_n aristotle_v in_o his_o problem_n the_o gray_a colour_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o very_a great_a argument_n of_o heat_n but_o the_o blackish_a colour_n â—rgues_v the_o want_n of_o heat_n those_o which_o dwell_v in_o the_o middle_a region_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n their_o eye_n of_o a_o darke-blew_a which_o colour_n be_v apparent_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o goat_n which_o as_o pliny_n write_v be_v never_o purblind_a or_o dim_a of_o sight_n many_o special_a argument_n beside_o those_o before_o mention_v be_v produce_v to_o show_v â—he_v northern_a man_n to_o surpass_v in_o moisture_n as_o the_o other_o in_o drought_n the_o first_o may_v be_v take_v from_o their_o voice_n which_o in_o the_o scythian_a or_o northern_a man_n be_v tend_v to_o hoarsenes_n but_o in_o the_o african_n very_o sharp_a and_o shrill_a as_o in_o the_o ethiopian_n &_o carthaginian_n and_o the_o most_o southerly_a spaniard_n that_o this_o difference_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o want_n of_o it_o in_o the_o other_o may_v as_o easy_o be_v persuade_v because_o we_o observe_v woman_n which_o be_v moist_a than_o man_n to_o have_v sharp_a &_o shrill_a voice_n also_o that_o too_o much_o moisture_n in_o wood_n or_o mettle_n make_v the_o sound_n of_o it_o very_o hoarse_a and_o harsh_a as_o we_o see_v in_o lead_n whereas_o other_o metal_n give_v a_o shrill_a sound_n another_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o their_o extraordinary_a sweat_v for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o northern_a man_n travail_v towards_o the_o soâ—th_n or_o war_a in_o hot_a country_n be_v like_a to_o faint_v and_o perish_v through_o extraordinary_a sweat_v as_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o marius_n record_v of_o the_o moist_a body_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o three_o it_o may_v seem_v wonderful_a which_o tacitus_n relate_v of_o the_o german_a nation_n that_o they_o love_v sloth_n and_o yet_o â—ate_z rest_n because_o as_o in_o child_n the_o natural_a heat_n provoke_v they_o to_o action_n but_o the_o moisture_n procure_v softness_n whence_o they_o must_v either_o fight_v or_o sleep_v hence_o the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n make_v account_n if_o they_o can_v suffer_v or_o withstand_v the_o fâ—rst_a or_o seconâ—_o assault_n of_o the_o french_a or_o german_n easy_o to_o vanquish_v they_o because_o as_o mariâ—â—_n and_o caesar_n observe_v of_o the_o french_a thaâ—_n in_o the_o first_o assault_n they_o show_v themselves_o more_o than_o man_n in_o the_o second_o less_o than_o woman_n a_o four_o reason_n not_o inferior_a to_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o soâ—t_n body_n of_o the_o germâ—ns_n and_o scythians_n not_o any_o way_n patient_a of_o labour_n hunger_n and_o thirst_n although_o very_a sâ—rong_a and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o sudden_a encounter_n or_o venture_v on_o a_o warlike_a exploit_n the_o contrary_a in_o all_o shall_v we_o find_v in_o the_o southern_a man_n out_o of_o which_o we_o may_v weâ—l_o collect_v that_o he_o enjoy_v a_o contrary_a tempeâ—_n beside_o all_o which_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v this_o assertion_n more_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o these_o subsequent_a theorem_n 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v more_o natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_a to_o law_n and_o civility_n there_o be_v find_v three_o kind_n of_o discipline_n which_o usual_o invade_v and_o occupy_v the_o mind_n and_o faculty_n of_o man_n the_o first_o be_v mechanical_a and_o external_a operation_n the_o which_o be_v project_v in_o the_o intellectual_a part_n yet_o receive_v theiâ—_n perfection_n from_o the_o hand_n and_o external_a organ_n such_o as_o be_v artillery_n make_v of_o ordinance_n cast_v of_o metal_n and_o chemical_a invention_n print_v and_o the_o like_a arts._n the_o second_o be_v contemplation_n separate_a &_o remove_v from_o external_a operation_n the_o three_o as_o the_o mean_a betwixt_o both_o be_v civil_a and_o moral_a discipline_n who_o act_n and_o perfection_n consist_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n establish_v and_o govern_v of_o state_n prescribe_v and_o maintain_v of_o divine_a worship_n with_o other_o matter_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n these_o gift_n it_o pleaâ—ed_v god_n so_o to_o distribute_v to_o mankind_n that_o the_o former_a shall_v be_v most_o appropriate_a to_o the_o northern_a man_n the_o second_o to_o the_o southern_a the_o three_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o one_o shall_v need_v and_o not_o envy_v the_o other_o perfection_n all_o which_o we_o shâ—ll_v demonstrate_v first_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o cause_n and_o ground_n second_o out_o of_o the_o effect_n the_o cause_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a theorem_a wherein_o we_o have_v ascribe_v to_o the_o northern_a man_n abundance_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o chief_a aide_n of_o the_o imagination_n on_o which_o mechanical_a faculty_n depend_v also_o their_o plenty_n of_o blood_n and_o humour_n distemper_a their_o mind_n they_o be_v by_o this_o mean_n less_o give_v to_o contemplation_n the_o southern_a man_n have_v cold_a and_o dry_a brain_n be_v of_o great_a understanding_n in_o contemplative_a matter_n be_v as_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o melancholy_a abstract_n from_o external_a operation_n the_o middle_a temper_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o humour_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o mother_n oâ—_n a_o middle_a discipline_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v that_o which_o concern_v manner_n law_n and_o religion_n here_o some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o reduce_v these_o three_o kind_n of_o people_n to_o three_o planet_n answerable_a to_o these_o 3_o disposition_n over_o â—he_v southern_a people_n they_o set_v saturn_n the_o northern_a they_o commit_v to_o the_o government_n of_o mars_n the_o middle_a inhabitant_n to_o jupiter_n the_o power_n of_o saturn_n according_a to_o the_o chaldean_n consist_v in_o contemplation_n of_o jupiter_n in_o practical_a action_n of_o mars_n in_o artificial_a operation_n which_o 3_o property_n may_v be_v well_o gather_v out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n nature_n best_a interpreter_n for_o saturn_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o quiet_a because_o nothing_o better_o befit_v the_o nature_n of_o contemplation_n then_o retire_v quietness_n jupiter_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o just_o which_o the_o grecian_n have_v receive_v from_o these_o hebrew_n they_o feign_v jupiter_n to_o be_v the_o god_n of_o justice._n mars_n they_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v strong_a or_o puissant_a for_o which_o cause_n the_o chaldean_n and_o the_o greclan_n will_v have_v mars_n the_o god_n of_o war_n to_o saturn_n they_o ascribe_v cold_a to_o mars_n heat_n to_o jupiter_n a_o temperature_n betwixt_o both_o to_o the_o first_o they_o impute_v the_o invention_n of_o science_n and_o such_o as_o concern_v contemplation_n to_o the_o second_o practical_a prudence_n to_o the_o three_o art_n and_o workmanship_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v from_o the_o understanding_n the_o second_o from_o practical_a discourse_n the_o last_o from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o fantasy_n but_o to_o come_v near_o the_o matter_n and_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o northern_a man_n who_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o most_o mechanical_a invention_n as_o of_o gun_n print_v the_o art_n of_o liquefaction_n chimistrie_n with_o infinite_a other_o excellent_a arts._n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n be_v use_v to_o send_v over_o for_o britain_n and_o german_n as_o for_o those_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o heavenly_a gift_n in_o the_o invention_n of_o veiâ—es_n of_o metal_n under_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o for_o the_o open_n and_o well_o order_v of_o suâ—h_a mine_n let_v any_o man_n cast_v his_o eye_n on_o england_n the_o neither-land_n germany_n he_o shall_v find_v the_o inhabitant_n general_o either_o as_o the_o scholar_n and_o darling_n of_o mars_n wield_v their_o sword_n or_o as_o pioner_n level_v of_o mountain_n or_o as_o ingmer_n contrive_v the_o course_n of_o water_n or_o hunt_v in_o the_o wood_n or_o plough_v in_o the_o field_n or_o look_v to_o their_o flock_n on_o the_o mountain_n or_o work_v in_o their_o shop_n or_o at_o least_o set_v upon_o some_o external_a work_n or_o other_o that_o their_o wit_n as_o bodin_n merry_o speak_v may_v seem_v to_o be_v in_o their_o hand_n from_o whence_o come_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ouâ—_n several_a sort_n of_o stuff_n our_o choice_n work_v in_o wood_n mettle_n ivory_n our_o variety_n of_o instrument_n from_o the_o italian_a or_o spaniard_n no_o
stand_v with_o experience_n that_o in_o any_o water_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o flood_n be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v by_o quicksand_n it_o return_v with_o great_a force_n as_o it_o be_v enrage_v and_o swelâ—_n so_o much_o the_o high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n it_o be_v liâ—ted_v up_o so_o high_a because_o the_o shore_n be_v so_o shallow_a and_o so_o short_a and_o expose_v to_o impediment_n that_o in_o the_o ebb_n the_o sea_n â—â—ns_v back_o many_o mile_n &_o leave_v the_o sandâ—_n uncover_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o return_v with_o great_a violence_n this_o also_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indian_a sea_n and_o near_o panama_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n where_o the_o sea_n run_v back_o for_o two_o league_n certain_a land_n and_o land_n be_v leave_v naked_a so_o that_o in_o these_o three_o sea_n here_o name_v the_o sea_n seem_v to_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n in_o breadth_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n to_o which_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o 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