¶ THE BATHES OF Bathes Ayde Wonderfull and most excellent agaynst very many Sicknesses approued by authoritie confirmed by reason and dayly tryed by experience vvith the antiquitie commoditie propertie knovvledge vse aphorismes diet medicine and other thinges therto be considered and obserued Compendiously compiled by Iohn Iones Phisition ANNO SALVTIS 1572. At Asple Hall besydes Nottingam Printed at London for william Iones and are to be solde at his new long Shop at the west dore of Pauls Church 13. Maij. TO THE RIGHT HONOrable Henry Earle of Penbrooke Lord Herbert of Kayerdid c. DEMOCRITVS the most auncient Philosopher of Abdera Reader to the prince of Phisicyons Hippocrates right honorable Earle most learnedly in his Epistle De natura humana to the same Hippocrates recounteth hovv necessary it is for all men to knovv the arte of Phisike bicause it is not onelie an vnderstanding most honorable and profitable to lyfe but also for that of all other it most manifestely setteth forth to the sences the vvisedome povver prouidence and vnmeasurable bountie of our almightie creatour of vvhich to be ignorant it is greate impietie as Galen testifieth in his thyrd booke De vsu partium Hieronymus Montuus therefore in his epistle to Anasceue morborum dedicated to Henry the last French Kinge to whom hee was not onely cheefe Phisicion but also one of his priuie counsaill affirmeth that of all sortes Phisike is to bee embraced and of them cheefely which are endued with honorable dignities and waightie affaires of the common wealth For as wysedome sister to Phisicke dooth deliuer the mynde from euill affectes and maketh vs to liue for euer in perpetuall ioye with aungelles So Phisike maintayneth health and expelleth sicknesses from the body makinge vs liue a longe and lustie lyfe as Galen in his workes ▪ De sanitate tuenda most reasonablie teacheth Furthermore vnderstanding Science and al actiuities by health are encreased as by sicknesse the contrary of necessitie ensueth wherof my good Lord it behoueth all men too haue a due consideration which be louers of vertue and honestie and for their sakes loue things that be best For when the state of the body is sicklie affected the partes not doinge their offices the mynd it self although it be a particle diuine hath no chearfulnes pleasure or delight in the meditacion of vertue eyther deuine or morall Seeing that sicknesse darkeneth the mynde dulleth the sences and depriueth deminisheth or depraueth the partes accidētaly of their operations VVherefore Noble and prudent Earle not sparing any paine nor fearing the reprochefull wordes of the enuiouse Momus and his capciouse rable setting aparte all colours of Rhetorique for the auoyding of prolixitie and bicause Veritatis oratio simplex I haue published an Ayde moste profitable for all them that neede it and that suche an ayde as god hath blessed our coūtrie with cōparable to any elswher if in euery respect throughly it bee considered Seeing that amonge all the most maruaylouse workes of nature there is none more wonderfull none more excellent none more auayleable to the helpe of the disseased and amendmente of the enfeebled partes of man then the Bathes naturall of the Cittie of Bath if they be rightly vsed orderly obserued and as need requireth frequented the efficient cause of this oure enterprise as here in may appeare as well by the authoritie of the most sage Philosophers most renowmed Phisicyons and most auncient Historiographers as by reason it selfe approued by arte confirmed by vse and dayly tried there by practise for these 2460. yeares or thereabout And for that the founder Blaeydin Doyeth or Bladud the wyse and eloquent Philosopher .xi. yeares student in Athenes a Brittayn the ix King of this Monarch after Brute was the firste that vttered the vertue of the water and that erected the Cittie whose Genealogie we haue rightly ascended to Adam and may lineally be descended to your Honour and many other of the race of the most worthie Nobles of this lande howe soeuer the iniuries of tymes haue altered and obscured the same So likewyse of dutie to your Honour erde of the same graine I dedicate these my willinge labours of the South Bathes of England entytuled Bathes Ayde cōtayning fower bookes in one volume as I haue my treatise of the North Bathes to the Noble and puissant Earle of Salope The first of these bookes probablie proueth the discent of Bladud antiquitie of the Brittaines the certaintie of the monuments the sicknesses the bathes helpe the accidents they take away wherof they proceede c. The second sheweth the diuersitie of opinions concerning the cause of these and such lyke waters how and wherein the Phisicions and Philosophers resulte what minerals bee in them of what qualities they be by which they worke their effectes The thyrd expresseth thinges naturall not naturall thinges annxed to nature and things against nature withall the signes shewers of the state of the sicke and whole through the which the better consultacion may be had not onely whether these bathes will helpe or not but also the Chyrurgians Students in Physike and al other capable of reason may fynde a most apte trade of vnderstanding comprehended in few wordes c. The fourth and last declareth Aporismes and brief rules how in and at the Bathes they shall vse them selues what meates what drinkes what cordiall confortatiues with moste excellent purgations clisters suppositoures c. meete for euery complection and purging humoures abounding with all other remedies against such accidentes as growe by reason of hote bathes and to what infirmitie euery of the bathes serue beste seuerally c. Hoping that your Honour of your Noble nature will accept in good part my willing endeuoure although in desarte it be farre vnwoorthy the credite or preferment that Anthonius yeelded to Apianus for his booke written of the properties of Fishes or that Adrianus did to Arianus for his booke of the Gestes of Alexander or that Alexander Magnus did to Aristot for his worke De animalibus Howbeit in desire to profyte the vniuersall people of God I truste nothing inferiour assuring your Honour as tyme and leysure will permit to present your Noble bountie with greater workes hereafter for that your honorable disposition euidently appeareth as well most readie towardes the furtherance of all vertuous attemptes as the aduauncement of the common commoditie of your Countrey wherin you plainly expresse a perfit effect of very Nobilitie the continuance wherof as I nothing doubt so I humblye beseeche the almightie to endue your good Lordship and the right honorable Lady Kateryne your noble and moste vertuouse vvife with Galens health Nestors yeares Craesus welth and Augustus hapines Your Lordships alwayes Iohn Iones Christophori Carlili ad Lectorem Hexametra IOnsus vt audiui retegens mysteria magna Naturae sanat morbos miracula rerum Pandit quae latuere diu Plutonis ad antra Sub terras penetrat Theophrasti lustrat ornat Tartara terrarum venas ruit atque meatus
that we meane not for that wer absurd the those mineralles be melted commixed with the water But we affyrme that theyr qualities are through boyling of the fyre inâ—unded discussid coÌ„mixed dispersed by the waters ruÌ„ning forth as may be wel approued the which also D. Turner testifieth what néede many wordes The water tastles of his own nature absolutly cold moderatly moist as it is said shal be better in the Table of the things natural is in these Baths per accidens made hot sharp bitter harsh rough c. Therefore 1 Heating Warming the colde 2 Concocting Concocting the crude 3 Persinge Opening the stopped 4 Dissoluing Dissoluing the harde 5 Attracting Attracting the cloyde 6 Clensing Clensing the foule 7 Binding Binding the seuered 8 Drying Drying the moyst 9 Stopping Stopping the flowings 10 Consolidating Consolidating the broken Comforting the weake members euen as if therin nature had bestowed artificially hir highest cunning why say I not the God of Nature for truly passing great benefites are to bée looked for of passing great bountie By meanes whereof it helpeth not onely all the manifeste gréefes afore specified in the fyrst booke but also many other hidden and vnknowen sicknesses which be least vnnamed for if hidden sicknesses any where doo procéed it is necessary sayth Fernelius lib. de abditis rerum causis contrarie to them hidden remedies too consiste as it dooth appéere as well by authoritie and reason as by experience if you consider with aduisement and councell which is as Plato sayeth the very keye of wysedome the diuersities of qualities temperatures properties and naturs of the Bathes The which yet in them selues are varied aswell in heate as in nature For the Kinges bathe is hote betwene both the other and in curing most of the aforenamed sicknesses best But the hote for many colde sycknesses iointaches pockes rotten vlceres more auaylable then the fyrste But the crosse bathe is least hote and therefore for chollerique persons such as are easely disposed to feuers more commodiouse All the which differences may bée gathered by that which is already declared leauinge too speake any further of them to the learned and expert there acknowledging with Aristot that it is not possible for one man to know all things although euery man ought to know as much as hée might For Omnis homo nascitur vt sapiens fiat The ende of the second Booke ¶ The third Booke of Bathes ayde IN our first booke the antiquitie ayde and commodities procéeding of the Bathes are at large described with a confutation of all those as reproueth the drincking of it In the second the causes of the heate of the waters of bathes and also the properties are reasonablie and apparantly to the senses approued Now it resteth that in this thyrd booke be declared when the sicke come thither what ought to be considered and how and by what meanes it may them profit without which very litle could the former bookes benefyte First therefore afore any person doe repayre thither it is conuenient that hée bée purged if not afore hée come thither at the least wyse before hée enter the bathes according as 1 Sicknes 2 Cause 3 Accident shall require Sicknesse is an affecte but not euery affecte for this woorde with Galene is pronounced of many and dyuers thinges but contrarie too Nature by whom the action is fyrste hurte eyther depraued deminished or taken away libro de morborum caussis libro prim Therapentices libro secund comentariorum in libr. Hippo. de natura humana Cause of sicknesse is that vnto which any thing followeth which is named effecte as sayeth Galene libro de symptomatum differenciis Accident is that which the Gréekes call Symptonia and wée properly in English to fall and with fall is what so euer happeneth to the bodye sicknesse and cause excepted Of the which larger to entreate were but friuelouse for the sicknesses be already the chéefest shewed and the outward causes are to be sought in the Table of the things not naturall and the inwarde of the table of the things naturall the coniunct of them both and of the accidents notes of sicknesses which is the argument to knowe whether ye néede adding or empting and that thorowe the consultation with the wyse and learned in Phisicke the neglecting wherof hath caused many a one to come thence worse then they went Some with the Goute in euery ioynte which had it afore but in one or two Some other full of byles some of vlcers and scabs c. And therefore in the behalfe of my Countrie not without aduisement and censure to speak it what letteth but for such a one as so deserueth that there might not be a méete stipend appointed or some impropriat benefyce or parsonage or prebend at Salisbury Worcester Herforde Gloucester Bristowe Excester Wels Landathe c. the furthest of not past a dayes iourney as well for the poore as the ryche yea if in euery Cathedrall church in the lande there were a promocion for a graduate in Phisicke that hée might be there to gyue both councell medicine and ayde to the better setting forth of Gods glorie and the magnificence of the Maiestie séeinge the liuing onely prayse the Lord and not the dead and also the healthy serue best the princely dignitie in all cheualry considering further herewith that woorthy piller of Christian veritie S. Ambrose who sayeth that the bodye is the tabernacle of the soule and the condicions of the minde as sayth Galene in temp Hippo. Platonis c. doo followe the temperature of the body the which thing to be true daylye experience proueth as we knowe and you also that vse too visite the sicke a déed of charitie how some dote some bée frantique some starke madde some numme some loose some disioynted c. then vnfit for any kynde of seruice arte mistery facultie counsell or prowes much lesse refourmable by sermons to pitie and godlines vntill they bée restored agayne according to nature the scope of Physike if so bée Phisyke as the prince Hippo. defyneth lib. de flatibus and as all Vniuersities this 2000. yeares hath receyued it as well Gréekes Arabians as Latinistes is prothesis kai aphasesis an adding and taking away and addinge of that wanting in the Spirites humoures and membres according to nature and a taking away of that contrarie to nature in the members humours and spyrites According to Nature is 1 Health 2 The cause of Health 3 The effect of health 4 Strength 5 Custome and 6 Complexion Health is an affect according to nature apte to perfourme the actions of the same Now the Table of the .vii. things Naturall you may vnfoulde bearyng well all thinges in your memorie vnles you meane to perfourme the prouerbe In at the one eare and out at the other THE TABLE OF THE SEVEN THINGS NATVRAL OVT OF THE VVHICH THE ACTIONS according to Nature doe spring may be perceiued in this Table howbeit not so often deuided as
the sonne of 28 Seth the sonne of 29 Adam and Eua. From Noe we haue followed the Septuaginta as wee did the most probable histories vntil Nos Concerning the noblenes genealogie of the founder antiquitie of the Brittaynes and origyne of these our Bathes of Bathe we haue spoken somewhat It resteth that in a word or two be declared theyr excellent properties worthie effects aydefull in déede to the most sort of infirmities accidents and gréefes which as saith Galen Lib. de symptomatum differencijs is the fealing of a thing cōtrary to nature and after Auicen in canonibus they be these Stryking Breaking Lewsing Ytching Smarting Pricking Shrinking Streatching Persing Beating Greauouse Heauy Byting Tyring Stunning or Sléeping And for these disseases following c. 1 Morphewes 2 Scales 3 Scabs 4 Scurfe 5 Wheales 6 Pustles 7 Byles 8 Apostemes or swellings 9 Vlcers 10 Letters 11 Ringwormes 12 Lepryes 13 Pockes 14 Goutes 15 Ioyntaches 16 Paulsye 17 Apoplexyes 18 Faulling sicknesses 19 Shakyngs 20 Numnes 21 Crampes 22 Destillacions 23 Rheumes 24 Poses 25 Whorsenes 26 Coughes 27 Running of the eyes 28 Running of the eares 29 Singing and ringing of thē 30 Dropping of the vryne 31 Diabetes which is the ouer making of water 32 Tenesmos which is a desire of going to the stole without doing of any thing or very lyttle with great paine 33 Collycke 34 Flyres 35 Hemorhoydes 36 Pyles 37 Feuers interpolate that come of melancholly or fleame entring the Bathe ii houres before the fit 38 Hardnes of the Splene swelling thereof 39 Swelling of the matrice or place of cōcepcion 40 Hardnes of the Liuer coldnes therof 41 Wyndines 42 Hardnes 43 Barenes 44 Ouer slipperines 45 Coldnes 46 Wasting of Seade 47 Gréene siknes 48 Hydropsyes 49 Coldnes of the brayne 50 Lack of memory 51 The sleapinge sicknes Now as you haue harde the disseases greafes which it helpeth So I think it not impertinent to shew the causes of the paynes before declared that you may the réedyer cōsult with your Phisicions thereof as of all other thinges heareafter to bée mencioned béefore ye séeke the ayde of the Bathes therfore that preordinate Phisicion by prouidence diuine Hippoc. the prince of Phisike saith that the way by which the sicknesse is vnderstanded is the perfect pathe to the curacion therof Galen lykewise the worthiest Doctour in Natures schole wylleth that before the cause be iuged no remedy be geuen whose councels herein I wysh you to follow 1 Ytching payne cōmeth of a tarte or salt humor 2 Smarting of an eger humor 3 Pricking of a sharpe humor 4 Stretching of windines that stretcheth out the Synewes and muscles contrary to nature 5 Compressyue cōmeth of matter or wyndines that maketh narrowe or constrayneth the membre or part 6 Concussiue or shaking paine procedeth of matter that is resolued betwene the muscles and panycles which by extending the panicle causeth solucion of continuitie 7 Wearyeng is cause of humors or wyndines enclosed betwene the panicle and the bone or of colde drawing the sayd panicle togither 8 Lewsyng paine is caused of matter stretching the flesh and the muscles and not the chordes 9 Persyng is caused of humors or grosse windines retained betwene the tunicles of an hard and grosse membre as in the gut Colon which without ceasing pearseth as it wer boring thorow with a gymlet 10 Actual is caused of humor retayned in a member when solucyon of continuitie is made 11 Stupefactiue is caused of vehement cold or hete and by stopping of the pores retayning the sensible Spyrites as by strong binding or ouerfilling of the wayes 12 Beating or quapping cōmeth of a hot Aposteme for a cold neuer causeth pain except it turne to heate neither is byting paine in hot Apostemes but when it procedeth of inflamacion sensibilitie of the place and multitude of beating vaines 13 Heauy or grauatiue paine is caused in an Aposteme in a membre not sensible as in the Lungs kydneys and in the splene or mylt 14 Tyring paine cometh of a laboryouse exercyse or thorough an humor vehemently stretching the membre 15 Biting payne is caused of sharpe and eger humor But now let vs returne again to the propreties of the Bathes the which in some anoye the stomache and in the most sorte byndeth very much the bodie if they drynke not of the water as in the last booke shal be handled The which water many suppose hath not ben accustomed to be appoynted to be dronke by the most auncient phisicions of the Greakes the reason is they saye for that Galen whose maner was to passe ouer nothing worthy to be entreated of hath so slightlie skypped ouer theyr aydes vertues vses effects which if they had ben effectuall to be accompted he would as sone haue wrytten a booke of it as of Tryacle or of the facultie of simple medicines c. This cōiecture I deny not may cause some to thinke so who haue not wel digested his mening in all his workes whose whole scope is to wryte of nothing at large but that wherein reason preuayleth with experyence But bicause these Bathes were the medicines of Empyrykes he left them at large howbeit in dyuers partes of his woorkes we fynde mencion made of Bathes and especially in his fourth booke De sanitate tuenda wher he hath these words ther be some waters in vse to be dronke for the purging of the body as the waters in which Nitre bitumen c. Againe he saith in his fyrst booke De sanitate tuenda that all waters representing the force of medicine as the waters of Allume Sulphur or Bitumen haue force of drying by the which it is more then manyfest that he commendeth them when as he calleth them medicinall Moreouer to proue that they were in vse to bée dronke both before Galen his tyme and since by the dyscourse following it may most euidently appeare Scribonius Largus who was Galens auncient appoynted to be dronk for the vlcers and swellings of the bladder water wherein Iron was quenched this he did as he affyrmeth to imitate the propreties of the Bathes of Ferraria as you may reade in his .146 ca. Archigenes also proueth as testifyeth Actius lib. 11. that waters of bathes were vsed to be appointed to be dronke for thaffects of the bladder of the most auncient Phisicions Oribasius lykewyse appoynteth the vse of drinking both of hot and cold bathes In collectaneis ad Iulianum imperatorem Pansanias doth shew how that the people Cynethensis vsed to drinke of the medicinable Wel called Alisson for the byting of madde dogges in Archadicis suis Vitruuius entreating of the waters of Bathes proueth that by reason of Bitumen and Nitre they were dronke for purging of the body plentifully lib. nono what néede many words In the tyme of Augustus Caesar the waters of bathes wer in great vse to be dronk at what tyme Phisicions flourished not onely in the hye courte of Rome but also ouer all as preciouse stones
set in goulden ouches Finally Plinie sheweth that the waters of bathes of Nitre and Allume were often dronk for the purging of the bodie lib. iii. hist nat The which Gabriel Fallopius most reasonably confirmeth lib. de mediatis aquis Howbeit none of all these writers nor any other that I can heare of do make any mencion of our bathes in England Brittaine or if any do it is vnknowen and also vnsufficient without probable reason why such vertues shold proceade from them consydering it wer thargument of blunt wits and also of féeble vnderstāding to iudge the nature of our Bathes for any cause that they haue vttered of theirs not knowing ours Seing Plato wylleth as may appeare by hys reasoning with Socrates that euery matter probable must be reasoned to and froe that so by our sences it may be knowen if for Philosophers we wyll be accounted not for rude Empirykes in phoedo the which thing also Tullie affyrmeth in these woordes Speculator vaenatorque naturae Physicus the Phisicyon is a viewer and sercher out of Nature Wherfore according to my capacitie desyrouse of the originall causes of things a louer of wysedome may not be so satisfyed but rather séeke further for the efficient causes ymediate mediate and material causes with the commixtions of myneralles qualities and temperatures faculties and degrées aswell by authoritie and reason as by experyence as in the next bookes shall appeare seing they be accounted most happy which do best attayne to the knowledge of the causes of things for Foelix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas otherwise myght phantasie stand for vnderstāding and wilful opinion for absolute reason ¶ The ende of the fyrst booke ¶ The second Booke of Bathes ayde FOR asmuch as in euery kynd of profession the vse benefyte and knowledge of the cause is so necessarie that without it knowen it is in a maner impossible that any Scyence may consist sure and certayne If so bée that science itself is nothing else but an intelligence habite knowinge things by their causes and effectes I thought it conuenient to speake in a worde or twoo of the efficient immediat mediate and materiall causes of the heate of Bathes that so the ende which is the vse or profit of the thing for which wée labour may more manifestly appeare and the abuse which is the improper ende of things may bée auoyded an argument as I suppose not impertinent to this our present purpose In describing the which diuers Philosophers haue bin of diuers mindes as hereafter shall more playnely appeare and certainely this disagréeing of so wyse men may present argumentes of most waighty questions to you very doubtefull vntill they be discussed Therfore that I may not séeme ouer tediouse nor yet ouer briefe I will alleage the chiefest aswell of the most auncient and of the midle sorte as of the later in our tyme. Mileus the Philosopher hath spoken in this case and hée said the cause through which the waters of Bathes be heated is none other then a winde heatinge in the depth of the earth and in the hollownesses which be in the bowels of the same Wherefore that heat reboundeth vpon the water so it commeth forth hot Rentiphilus and Thesmophilus in this point bée contrary to Mileus and the world folowed them who sayd the earth in those places is very thinne and not of coniuncte partes so that the heate of the sunne entring heateth the water in the hollownesse of the earth and in the caues and trenches which be in the depth by means wherof it cometh forth hot Democritus contrariwise sayd that the cause of the heate of hot Bathes is for that in the holownesses of the earth there be mountaines of Chalke and heapes of ashes which when the water doeth runne vpon it is heated and so the water passeth out hot vpon the face of the earth and of this mynd haue béen many that I haue consulted with concerning the hot welles at Buckstone which opinion is altogether vayne as hereafter shall appéere left vnhandled in our woorke dedicated thervnto wishing therfore all those that will knowe the reason at large why and how waters become hot to reade this our woorke where I doubt not they shall finde wherwith to content them Seneca and Albertus magnus affyrme that the imediate or efficient cause of the hot Bathes is for that they runne vpon a Myne of Brimstone and thorow it are heated And this opinion they and also Sauonarola wyth many other would father vpon Aristotle Howbéeit so great a Philosopher could not so much as thinke it the reason is bycause they had read in a certayne booke ascrybed to Aristotle de proprietatibus Elementorum that the waters of the Baths flow hot bycause they passe through a Mine of Brimstone which booke to haue béen none of his it may appéere by other places in his woorkes wherein hée fréely protesteth a contrary iudgment as in secundo meteore et in problematū 24 sectione 17 probl The last and truest is the opinion of Aristotle who supposed that the waters of Bathes were made hot of a most strong and seruent cause which hée supposed to bée none other then fyer included in places vnder the earth and that fyer is vnder the earth it may easely appéere at Eclam in the Isle of Iseland and at Varigazzo and Florence in Italy and also in Sicilie and betwéen the great seas also in Darbyshire with infinite other places beside Now that the truth falshode of the aforesayd opinions may more cléerely appéere the diuine godhed first called vpon we wil lay this foundation that all simple water essentially challengeth vnto it selfe especiall cold for it is of cold elements the chéefest as the prince of Philosophers declareth and as hereafter it shal be made manifest in the table of the things naturall in the third booke Moreouer let this be a principle that all water heated must be supposed to be by vertu essence cold for al such so demisse of nature returneth to cold as by experience we do proue for if it be takē in a vessell out of the spring it waxeth cold whereby it is inferred that the waters of Bathes by some other meanes become hot must be by proper essence and nature virtualiter cold accidentaliter hot Furthermore séeing water is so cold as in the last degrée the qualitie especially disproporcionated with so great a degrée of heat as is the degrée of feruent heat cannot be induced but by an especial heat So that likewise it is inferred that it is not so heated by a wind heating it as it pleased Milene nor by the heat of the Sun as it pleased Reutiphilus Thesmophilus nor yit bicause it runneth vpon a moūtayn of Chalk or ashes as Democritus supposed séeing these can bring nothing to passe beyonde their owne proper degrée while they work according to nature except it work vpon some subiect which is like to the worker so by affinity
kindled what it is wher the heate heating the waters is contayned wée haue likewyse shewed the cause why some waters do breake oute hote some colde more or lesse and wée haue confuted the opinions of diuers Philosophers and haue shewed how they resulte c. Nowe it followeth that we shewe of what natures such waters be and after what sorte they be cōmixed I finde thrée maners of mixtions in waters of bathes for there be some which haue so farre commixed with thē those things which they containe that those things are made one body with the substāce of the water one forme hath resulted out of thē such things whether they be metallique or other cā not be seperated frō the substance of the water but in a very long tyme a most strong cōcoction or mutacion comming out such maner of mingling is that which doth giue gret integritie maketh thē durable this therfore is the first maner of mixtiō which may be cōsidered in the waters of bathes Another is that there are some waters which haue receiued metalles in the concauities of the earth as they flow yet those metalles are not wel commixed as we presuppose at Buckstons so that of the metalles and the water there resulteth one body by one forme as we haue said in the first maner of mixtion but they bée rather confounded with the waters The thirde is meane betwéene both for there are some waters which are partly mixed in déede with the waters which they do containe partly not commixed as S. Vincents but confounded as we haue sayd aboue But we haue not decréed to speake at large of the commixtions of al bathes but onely in a word or two of our baths of Bathe and what the mineralles be supposed there commixed or infunded in the course of those waters by the qualities wherof procéedeth their effectes medicinable which in my iudgement can in no way more certainly bée approued then by the properties and that the collour smell and taste best approueth The colloure of the waters of the bathes of bathe is swartie greene or marble yellowe the yellownes of the brimstone mingled with the water making a sussible couloure Albeit coulour maketh little or rather nothing to the knowledge of the facultie as Montan. hath most excellently shewed libro de componendorum facultatibus For many things of coulour whyte be found mere contrarie in operation as for example Snow is very cold and chalke is very hot yet eyther of them is most whyte The smell of the bathes of Bathe and S. Vincents is of brimstone as the artificiall bathes that bée made thereof howbeit neyther smell also maketh much to the knowledge of the propertie for it litle forceth whether they smel swetly or otherwise for of swéete smellinge and ill sauouringe things ye shall fynd many of diuers natures altogither neuerthelesse of these some coniecture may be made yet that is vncertayne and not perpetual of tast therefore shall wée entreat Theion chibur sulphur is sharpe and stinging of taste especially if you as the Chimistes do destill it into oyle or water of qualitie whit drie in the fourth degrée as partly by his quicke burning may appeare and of thynne essence And vnto this taste sayeth Montane we must onely trust for thorow it may be perceyued not only the temperaturs of simple medicines in heate colde moysture and dryenes hauing strength from the first faculties as Galen sheweth but also all other vertues as of wiping deuiding opening cutting expelling and such lyke the fittest instrument the truest touchestone of all properties trying both toucheable and tasteable qualities Taste I saye therefore aboue all other senses as all the learned Phisicions affyrmeth is too bée trusted of which so great occasion being gyuen wée can not but speake somwhat with that worthy scholler Melancton lib. de Anima First defyning what taste organ and obiect is Taste truely is a sense of féeling which in the tongue or ruffe of the mouth tryeth sauours Sauour or smacke is a perfect straining of the drie part of the humoure wrought by heate Instrument or organ is a skinne pellicle or philme stretched in the ouer part of the tongue vnder the roufe and hallowe fleshe full of holes like a sponge Obiect of taste is a qualitie in iuyce in which moysture ouercōmeth dryenes earthy heat digesting them both Of tastes ther be seuē simple iii. hote iii. cold the eight which the gréekes cal apoios tasteles without qualitie is rather a priuacion then that it might séeme to be taken any kinde of taste as for the wine fattie tastes they are applyed to the swéetest althogh Plinie in hist plant addeth vnto these suauē acutum albeit in my iudgement dulcis contayneth suauem and acris acutum of this iudgement is Theophrastus Montan. Mont. vi C. other truly they be in nūber these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcis calid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 acidus frigid 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Salsus 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 austerus  2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Amarus 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 acerbus  3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acris 3.    gradu   4.     Swéet hote 1. degrée Sooner cold 1. degrée Salt in 2. in the 2. Bitter the 3. Rouge 3. Sharpe  4. Harshe 4. The swéete taste is sayeth Montane in comen de simpli medicament qualit that which is lightly gathered delighting and pleasing the sense of the instrument arguinge an earthy dryenes temperatly excocted and not parched sometime with an ayrie moysture sometime with a watery therfore moderately warming not much moysteninge or drying nay it shall easely be turned to nourishement and alwayes such kinde of strength or vertu shall procéed from the swéete taste if it be simple but if it bée ioyned with other tastes as to the bitter or sharpe it shall bringe foorth mingled vertues the scope of our purpose for the qualities of the Bathes The Salte taste is that which perseth and byteth the tonge bringing a certayne kinde of féeling of heate by reason of earthy dryenes in a watery moysture thorow much heate deminished and by such a qualitie you may haue the force of heating drying and persynge to the depth bicause of much watery moysture mingled therewith The bitter taste is that which séemeth to shunne away from the tongue something arguing a farre greater deminishing of earthy substāce thorow heate thā in the salt tast therfore it shall haue a greater force of heating drying The sharpe taste is that which not onely doth byte the tongue but also dryeth setteth on fire as it were burneth arguing an earthy drynes perfectly diminished by heat and almost turned into the nature of fyre therefore it heateth thinneth and dryeth exquisitely also burneth consumeth Now for example of the swéete taste Sugar honie clarified or destilled honie suckles c. Of the salt tast Salt salt péeter Sal
ache heauines hardnes stillenes many cogitacions teares or will to wéepe staring groning slouthe stretchinge of the waste little sléepe if sharpnesse shall not bée with phlegme or sowernesse of the mouth Illenes of the pulse with hardnesse extenuacion or deminishinge of the body Of the qualitie altered as brownes or blacknesse appearing in the body much heare the blacke Morphewe which is a moste stronge signe as sayeth Auerhois in Collectaneis Blackenesse in the nether eye lidde especiallye blacknes of the eyes and clearenes of them Of things expelled changed as vryne black or blackish tending to blackenes gréene wan blackenes or brownes of egestioÌ„ or stoole spitle harrish bitter withal sower knéesing black bloud crudded if it passe forth dreames fearful Also heare may be added of dreames profiting or hurting yet wée must note that those thrée kindes of signes which Galen putteth of things substanciallie sticking of to fals and with fals operacions must be reduced to these thrée or these thrée to them of all the which reade Iacobus Siluius in his Tables vppon Gal. de caussis morborum et symptomatum entreating at large And if it bée thus noted you may as in a glasse behould things natural not natural and against nature also thinges helping hurting which may of you be supposed by that which is already shewed Yit all may be reduced to those thrée of Galen as it also appeareth by Hippocrates comment 1. de offic who wyll haue the Indicatiues to be vnderstanded afore any other works of art and they must be taken of the knowledge of affects for curacion doth follow intellection as euery man knoweth guided by reason yeuen as euacuacion of the similer parts as made by indicacion taken of situacion as Galen plentifully declareth De locis affec To conclude whatsoeuer thinges we doe take any knowledge by we doo take them by sence and vnderstanding with those two powers do we onely know sayth Arist lib. de som and according to Oribasius 4. Aph. all knowledge dignostike is had by signes causes or interrogacions so that their follie is clearer then middaye which vse the bathes of what so euer nature they be doing it without consideration of all or the most things mencioned in these thrée bookes with the Aphorismes medicines and other things contained in the last booke accomplished for the better intelligence of such as vse theyr help which ayde God graunt them according to their owne hearts desyre Amen ¶ The ende of the thyrd booke ¶ The Fourth Booke of Bathes ayde LAstly we shall place in this booke certaine Aphorismes of the preparacion vnto Baths of entring in comming out diet sléepe and accidentes with curacion of them c. Acknowledge your selues with the holy Apostle Paul to be in the Lords hands as the pot is in the potters saying beefore you goe in altogither on your knées deuoutlie the prayers appointed in the ende of this booke Such as bée disquieted with any Feuer being weake slender and leane must abstaine from Bathes as saith Rol. lib. de Med. aquis They whose temperature is hot drye children springalles yong men leane consumed also women great with chylde must eschue the bathes yet I am not ignoraÌ„t of the youth dayly frequenting the bathes which thing not only reasoÌ„ forbiddeth but also experieÌ„ce for their skins therby become not only wrinkled but also tawnie especialli if they enclin any thing to choller Euery person going into the bathes must fyrst clense the bodies froÌ„ supersluities All persoÌ„s affected or gréeued by iourney shal not forthwith enter the bathes but shal fyrst rest their bodies by the space of a daye or two yea or more That day which shal be ouer cold windie rainy the bathes shal not be approched neither in the pestilent seasons saith Agricola lib de peste and also Raza lib. de peste neither in the ful of the Mone saith Rolandus Neither in the leape yeare sayth Sauonarola bicause it is the yeare of Saturne therefore in the leape yeare you may not without great danger vse them for Saturne amongst all the Planets is enemie to generacion mans nature good state of the bodie bicause the state of the liuing bodie consisteth in heate to proue that it is the year of â—aturne this they say The Saturnal yeare is moued from .iiii. to .iiii. But the leape yeares is moued from iiii to .iiii. bicause euery fouerth yeare is leape yeare ergo the leape yeare is the yeare of Saturne this opinion is not only false but also rude and vnlearned The leape yeare is not the worke of nature but the inuencion of man for Augustus Caesar deuised it to make the yeare euen .365 dayes vi howres and odde minutes But the leape yeare is the coÌ„stitucion of man and man hath not force to alter nature in the Theorikes ergo the leape yeare to hurte the nature oâ— man hath no more force theÌ„ any other yeare In the monethes of April Maie Iune September October when the ayer is temperate be the best tymes About an howre after sunne rising in the morninge if the dissease require drink the water out of the spring the body afore purged the digestion fulfilled and the bath fyrst clensed remaining cleane .vi. houres before So much of the water as shall not be gréeuouse to the stomache may be dronke The water being dronke the partie must walke gentlie a few paces in a temperate ayer After the Sunne rysing an hower enter fastinge intoo the Bathe the disgestion fyrst being fulfilled And euery person entring shall fyrst emptie his bellie and make water if so be that he can not do that euery day yet euery second or third daye Any person going into the Bathes shal sit in a place somewhat distant from the spring and so by lyttle little draw toward the spring If the parts vnder the midrife be gréeued sit vp to the nauel but if the parts aboue the nauelbe disseased sit in vnto the necke The fyrst dayes vse it temperate a small space the dayes following hoter and a longer space Vse the bathe aswell in the morning as in the euening if the state of your bodie and strengthe shall require Such as be hot weake thinne leane and slender must auoyde long tariance in the bath it shall suffice in the morning from .v. vntil almost .vi. so lykewise in the euening Such as be fat strong cold moyst women do sustaine longer taryance in the Bathe that is two howres in the morning an hower and a halfe in the euening In the bath you shall neyther eate nor drinke neyther by the space of an hower and an halfe after theyr comming forth except necessitie constrayne Such as bée full of meate and drinke muste abstaine from bathes Before you be readie to faint auoyde the bathes When you come out couer your selues with clothes then go to bed and sweat for sweat sayth Galen de sanitete tuenda euacuateth from al partes an hower afterward you
for who I pray you who is so bold now a dayes as blind Bayarde goodwyfe Margerie and dame Siblie Thomas Tinker and Pierse pedler oh lamentable cace oh arrogant people oh lawes where are you executed Be ye therfore circumspect seeke not for euery matter the bathes but for such diseases as the Phisicions doute any waye else to cure nor gyue not councell in arte wher the wysest hath néed to be sought you ignorant In conclusion I wishe that you leaue a note of the commoditie receyued and a knowledge of your condition and calling in the recorods of the Mayor of the citie wher it shall be registred vntill a Phisicion ordinarie be appointed who then shal be ioyned wyth the Mayor paying to the poore mans boxe as in Buckstons is appointed and foure d. for registring your benefite receyued there and for other things some of the which I wish you to looke in the latter ende of Buckstones benefyte that the better ease may be found the deuiding of the male from the female so that they may not sée and embrace eche other it being a thing not onely so vndecent in the commendacion of forraine nacions but also a thing moste vnciuill and barbarous Therefore I beséeche you séeke in all thinges the glorie of God magnificence of the state and suffer ayde for them that shall come after The which ayde helpe and benefite I beséeche God to graunt all them that bée fauorers of the Gospel obeyers of the Prince and louers of their Countrie AMEN FINIS A Prayer made by the Authour of this ayde to be saide of all persons disseased méekely knéeling vpon their knées before they enter into the Bathes AS thou hast most mercifull Father through thyne infinite goodnes and grace vouchsafed to permit vs to come vnto these thy Bathes naturall thyne appointed ayde for the benefite of vs wretched creatures Euen so wée acknowledge most iustely that for our sinne and wickednes we are thus molested disseased and vexed Neuerthelesse wée incredible reioyce in these our afflictions knowing that whom thou punishest the same moste mercifully remembrest wherfore wée hope and certainly trust for that thou doest remember vs with these our gréefs and disseases that thou wilt likewyse vpon these our pitiefull petitions pardon all our misdéedes and aswell renew in vs the fruite of good workes as also the iust health agréeable to our creation and wée doo promise forgyuenesse too all them that haue offended vs so fréely as wée doo looke for the health of bodye lyfe and Soule at thy moste mightie handes for wée certainly knowe and the same faythefully beléeue that as the blessed bloud of our redéemer thy onely sonne coequall with thée in power and maiestie was shed for our sinnes so these thyne Elementes of water and mineralles may thorowe thy mighty operacion clense aways the lothsomenesse paynes and miseries of these oure féeble bodyes thy mysticall body thorow the comforte of thy pure spirit of grace the holy Ghost who with thy sonne our sauiour and thée our maker raigneth one God in personnes thrée alwayes more ready to helpe vs thy féeble creatures then wée bée able or ready to desire the same and therefore once and once agayne holding vp our handes to the heauen of heauens beséeche thy almighty Godheade of Trinitie too comforte and strengthen vs all that in thy fayth and vnitie be come hither for the benefytes of those Bathes that wée may returne whole safe and sounde to the better expressing of thy glory to the posterities for euer AMEN God saue the Quéenes Maiestie and encrease the fayth of thy Flocke preserue the Councell and all the Nobilitie Spirituall and Temporall FINIS A Table of all the principall matters conteyned in this booke of Bathes ayde to direct the Readers after the order of the Alphabet to finde any notable matter conteyned in the same AVgustus Caesar deuised the leape yeare Fol. 28. pag. 1. Antiquitie of Bathe fol. 1. pag. 2. All men going into the bathe must clēse theyr bodies fo 27 pag. 2. A prayer to be sayd of all them that enter the Bathe fol. 34. pag. 2. B BLadud edified the citie of Bathe fol. 1. pag. 2. Bath fyrst called Kayer Blaeydin fol. 1. pag. 2. Bathes of Bath not made hot by Magick fol. 20. pag. 2. Bathes in pestilent seasons must be auoyded fol. 29. pag. 1. C CAuse of the heat of Bathes fol. 9. pag. 1. Cause why some waters be hotter then other fol. 16. pag. 2. Colour of the bathes of Bath fol. 17. pag. 2. Clisters to purge chollerique fol. 32 Clisters to purge phlegmatique fol. 32 Clisters to purge Melanchollique ibidem Clister to breake winde ibidem Camphyre a kinde of Bitumen fol. 13. pa. 2 Counsayle the kay of wysedome fol. 21. pa. 1 Cause defined fo 22 pa. 2 D Definition of naturall Bathes fo 1 pa. 2 Definition of Science fo 9. pa. 1 Definition of Artificiall Bathe fo 1. pa. 2 Degrees of medicines defined fol. 20. pa. 1 E Exercise before entring into the Bathe fo 30. pa. 1 Effectes of Diet. fo 29. pa. 2. Euery matter probable muste bee reasoned too and c. fol. 8. pag. 2 F Fyre vnder the earth fo 9. pag. 2 Frication meet to be vsed fo 28. pa. 2 H Hote bathes in cold Regions fol 12. pag. 1 Hot Bath for colde sicknesses fol. 21. pag. 1 How you shall vse your self before you enter c. fol. 28. pag. 1 I Ioannes de Dondis confuted fol. 11. pa. 1 K Knowledge of causse necessarie in euery profession fol. 9. pag. 1 Kings Bath hote betweene both fol. 21. pag. 1 N Nothing can nourish whiche is not norished fo 29. pag. 1 P Puritanes better termed qrecisianes fo 24. pa. 1 Purgations for euery complexion fo 31. pa. 2 Propertie of euery definition fol. 1. pag. 2 R Rules to vnderstande the first Table fol. 26. Rootes of trees do enter so farre into the earth as c. fol. 12. pag. 1 Repletion to bee auoyded fol 29. pa. 1 Remedies for payne in the head fol. 30. pa. 2 Remedies for burning of vrine fo 32. pa. 2 Remedies for the Rume fol 33. pag. 2 Remedies for the appetite lost ibidem S Subiect preseruing fire vnder the earth Sicknesse defined fol 22. pa. 2 a Stipend benefyce or prebende in euery Cathedrall church for a graduate in Phisike fol. 22. pag. 2 T Three manner mixtions in bathes fol. 17. pa. 1 The Taste of bathes fo 18. pa. 1 The smell of the Bathes fol. 17. pag. 2 Tymes fyt to enter the Bathes fol. 27. pag. 2 Taste defined fol. 18. pag. 2 VV VVhence it is that waters spring hot fol. 11. pa. 1 VVhy the fyre goeth not foorth fo 15. pa. 2 VVaters of bathes fol. 16. pag. 2. VVhat the sick ought to do when he commeth to the bathes fol. 22. pag. 1. VVomen vvith childe must eschue the bathes fol. 27. pag. 2 VVhat bread vvhat flesh vvhat fish vvhat fruite is to bee permitted fol. 29. pag. 2. Y York first named Kayer Ebrank fol 2. pag. 1. Youghts dayly frequenting the bathes of Bathe fol. 27. Pag. 2. FINIS TO HIS FRIENDS KINSFOLKES and Alies of Bath Bristoll welles c. Iohn Iones Gentleman Graduate in Phisike sendeth greeting AS a lostie Style and longe discourse vnto them that desire playnnes and couet breuitie is a thing irkesome so a plain sence and an hartie affection vttered to friends as mee semeth is most alowable And for that the manifold courtesies and great commodities receyued as wel in youth as of late yeares at the handes of diuers friends kinsfolkes alies c. In the Counties of Gloucester Dorset Deuonia Worcester Sumerset were one principall cause which emboldened mee to take in hande this myne enterprise I could not but signifie the same vnto you myne assured good friends especially hauing without offence be it spoken in the goods of Fortune few equalles in the douries of Nature fewer in furniture of mynde none and chiefly in the vnderstanding of the holy Scripture as good sheepe followers a good sheepheard the right reuerend Father in God Doctor Barkley my very good Lord and singular Moecenas of all the learned I may not here forget my singular good Lady the Lady Sydenham nor hir worthie Sonne Mayster Henry Sydenham in wysedome comparable to Cato in valiantnes nothing inferiour to Hector whose singular good will forced mee for their sakes to deuyse somewhat that might benefyte vniuersally which whatsoeuer it bee I beseeche you all to accepte gratefully as a small presente of myne vnfayned hart towardes you Fare yee well ¶ From London Anno. 1572. Faultes escaped in the printing Fol. 3. Pag. 1. Line 3. For Mempria reade Memprice fo 3. pag. 1. lin 5. For Lorine read Locrine fol. 3. pag. 2. li. 2. For Monar reade Monarch fo 3. pa. 2. li. 10. For corni cornish fo 8. pa. 1. li. 28. For mediatis medicatis fo 10. pa. 1. li. 22. for milene read Mileus fol. 12. pag. 2. lin 32. for stixes reade flare fo 16. pa. 2. lin 21. for succéeding read succéeded fo 17. pag. 2. li. 28. for fannou guen freni reade Funnon Gwen frewy fol. 18. pag. 1. li. 3. for sussible sussible fo 23. pa. 2. li. 2. for whyt reade hote fo 23. pag. 1. lin 7. for pittie read pietie fo 24. pa. 1. li. 21. for Aphasesis read Aphayresis fol. 24. pag. 1. li. 11. for pinis pinish fol. ibi For hote body whole body fo 26. pag. 1. li. 17. For Spelne read Splene fol. 29. pag. 1. lin 25. read Aluments for Eliments fo 30. pa. 2. li. 19. For Nemipharae read Nenupharae fol. 31. pag. 2 lin 7. for pine read pinte Faultes in the Table of the six things not Naturall For hye disgestion reade hard disgestion For salt and oyle read fat and oylie For salt swelleth more read salt fretteth much ¶ Printed at London by Thomas East for VVilliam Iones and are to be solde at his new long Shop at the westdore of Pauls Church 1572.