into the Mouth his Skin should be rubd with rough cloaths his Body should be expos'd to the Fire and heat of the Air but not to Cold seeing it is known that Numness is caus'd by External Cold. Yet does it not follow thence that Opium likewise producing Drowsiness ought to be esteem'd cold because the same effect may procede from several Causes diversly acting add that Opium is bitter being of a fat nature which they would have to be signs of Heat which thing is properly to be treated in Physics of the possession wherof although many glory hitherto have I found none who after the manner of the Mathematics compeld the assent of those that differd 46. The Animal Spirits being too much stird and mov'd may be compos'd and reduc'd to their natural and mild motion by amending or removing the Non-Natural Things occasioning too much motion that is by Changing the hot Air into a little cold by Diminishing the use of Spiritous Food and in their stead using those that may breed Phlegm a little tough by Granting rest to the weari'd Body and by Causing a mild Sleep by Anodins and when the Matter requires Narcotics by freeing the Mind from all anxious and biting solicitude and especially by resisting bitter Anger and by gaining to the Mind a pleasing tranquillity 47. Musical Sounds will mildly reduce the Spirits too much agitated to a decent and compos'd motion but Anodyns more potently and at length Narcotics us'd prudently that is by times and in a small quantity 48. The Animal Spirits turning round may be reduc'd into their order the External Causes being remov'd and Internal Causes being corrected lastly the Spirits themselvs being brought to some rest 49. Let the Sick therfore cease to look at Objects turnd round more Remote High and very Low let them cease to turn round their Body but rather let them do all their endeavour to get Sleep by Medicins often mentiond in this Chapter and elswhere prescrib'd in convenient forms 50. When the turning round and Giddiness of the Animal Spirits depends on occult Internal Causes without the noted manifest Causes then the Producing and Ascent of Vapors and Wind are to be hindred or suffocated or discussd 51. Their Production is hindred by Medicins that correct and lessen the Humors peccant in Acrimony and Glutinousness often propos'd before 52. Their Ascent is hindred chiefly by Anodyns and Narcotics often mentiond and commended 53. They may be suffocated by a liberal taking Decoctions prepar'd of more mild and grateful Aromatics 54. The same may be Discussd by Oils made by distillation of the Seeds especially that are commonly call'd and by Tinctures drawn by Infusion only of any parts of Aromatic Plants with the Rectifi'd Spirit of Wine or by a distillation following adding both Syrups and common Waters in a convenient quantity to make a more grateful tast Many of which Forms we have all over in this Book for Beginners sake 55. When the Animal Spirits with the Mind are troubled by a vain and panic Terror then as long as he is in his Senses endeavour that that Lymphatic fear so often deadly to many be turnd away by the weight of potent Reasons and Sleep anon banishing it be speedily brought by any helps and so by Narcotics themselvs for unless this be very speedily in a little time Physic will be late in preparing 56. The Animal Spirits made impure by External things will not be purifi'd unless they be remov'd seeing that the cause remaining the effect remains Remove therfore the Air any way defil'd and corrupted Food at least let the Man shun them who moreover should use Medicins amending and expessing the harm that is more or less entred into the Body 57. Where note 1. Harm receivd with the Air is more commodiously driven out by Sudorifics those taken with Food by Vomits and Purges 58. 2. Medicins that Amend may then also be profitably us'd when the mentiond Evacuations are instituted which also ought to be continu'd after these Evacuations are begun as not seldom before they are begun 59. Seeing that Volatil Salts are drawn from all the parts of Man by a light Art of which therfore I conclude they consist let it seem strange to none if I so often commend and praise Volatil mild Salts among the Medicins that Alter and Amend the deprav'd Humors of Man to which also I now deservedly attribute the first place in correcting and amending the harms by Air any way defil'd or bad Food communicated especially to the Body containd Nor doubt I but as many as now through unjust prejudice or mere petulancy blame or laugh at me so oft extolling Volatil Salts if any time they would experience how much those hâ—â—ed Salts may do to preserv and restore Mans Health that art now so hated or ridiculous to them being confus'd with shame they would blush not so much because of my words as the Gitts of God the Avenger despis'd and contemnd 60. Lastly When several Humors are ill affected by several Passions of Mind somwhat contrary together and potently agitating Man which very oft has place and so that manifold Vapors rais'd by their conflux and vitious Effervescency in the small Gut are carri'd to the Heart and Brain also and defile and make the Animal Spirits impure then 1. the immoderat Passions of Mind are to be Compos'd 2. The vitiated Humors are to be Corrected 3. The hurtful Vapors are to be Amended or Discuss'd 4. The Animal Spirits are to be Cleansd from their acquir'd Impurities And how all these ought to be obtaind is often told before where mild Volatil Salts may do very much whatsoever many Physicians noise and talk in this Belgia being ignorant of most natural things although puft up with an empty Title of Doctors and the practice of some years CHAP. XLII Of the Motion of the Animal Spirits through the Nervs Deprav'd 1. THe Animal Spirits being severd from the Blood in the Brain and Cerebellum are every whither carri'd by their continu'd Marrow as it were in a Pipe into the Nervs not only to exercise the External Senses and Animal Motion but moreover at least in my conjecture yea Opinion to temper any Humors Choler Spittle the Pancreatical or Melancholic Juice or Lympha of the Conglobated Glandul's and perhaps to afford the primary Matter to generate Seed 2. This Motion of the Animal Spirits through the Nervs according to Nature if I may be Judg is Continual and Equal but Changeable and Vnequal according to the divers Diseases of the Mind 3. This Motion of the Animal Spirits is deprav'd 1. when None or Fewer Spirits are mov'd through the Nervs then is wont 2. When More then ought or was expedient 3. When they move Vnequally Inordinatly or beside and against the Will to certain or all the parts 4. I. When No Animal Spirits are carri'd to the Organs of the External Senses or Animal Motion the mentiond Functions of Seeing Smelling Hearing Tasting Touching
Causes of 〈◊〉 Deprav'd to wiâ— Vâ—tequal Intermitting c. Puâ—â—â— may without difficulty be searcht out from what 〈◊〉 bâ—en said 30. Otherwise God willing in the Second Editiâ—â— of â—â—is â—â—rk wâ—â—â—tend more accuratly to examine and explain all these and enrich them with a notable Addition And now let us hasten to the Diseases consectary or accompanying the Pulse Deprav'd several ways CHAP. XXVII Of Fevers in General 1. IF we observe the manner of Practâ—tioners and their Signs which wholly ought to be in searching out the Nature of hidden or controverted Diseases from which They and Others are wont to conclude of the presence of a Fever it will easily be manifest that They argue a Fever from the Only over-Frequent Pulse not natural But when the certain kind of the Fever is to be determind and distinguisht from others Then who but a mere stranger in Practice knows not that they do attend to more Signs at once 2. But least we repete here unprofitably those â—hings which we have already publisht in our Two Disputes of Fevers and may annex them to this or another Book we will sâ—ek out the various Kinds and Differences of manifold Fevers from several Causes of the Pulse over-Frequent otherwise then naturally effecting diversly as sought from daily practice so again directed to the same 3. Therefore the Cause of the Pulse beside nature â—oo Frequent to wit having the conjoind or soon â—pproaching trouble of the Body or notable Pain and so the Weakning of some Function requir'd â—o the happiness of Natural Life is either I. A permanent and over-Rarefaction of the Blood made by an over-potent Fire bursting out from the Effervescency of both Bloods 4. Or II. Any thing that is Sharp somtimes Sowr somtimes Lixivial Salt somtimes Briny Salt driven forward through the Veins together with the Blood to the Heart and Internally gnawing the Substance of the Heart 5. Or III. Any Vapor like Windy thing in like manner carri'd to the Heart or stird up by the Effervescency of the same in the Heart and encreasing the Opening of the Ventricles of the Heart 6. Or IV. Any Sharp or Hard thing being either in the Pâ—ricar liâ—â—n or elswhere and externally coâ—â—â—â—ing or pricking the Heart 7. You may further Observe That the Causes of the Pulse more-Frequent beside Nature doth somtimes affect the Heart by Intervals only and those somtimes â—â—dâ—â—â—â— and certain somtimes inordinat and uncertain Whence depends the most notable Distinction and Diâ—â—siâ—n of Fevers into Continual and Intermittinâ— 8. A Fever is call'd Continual which remains from the first moment of its Invasion to the last Moment of its Duration and its whole Cessation 9. A Câ—ntinual Fever when more mild continues only onâ— day and is call'd Diaria and Ephemera as that which is call'd Diaria of more days or a Synoâ—â—â—us not putrid when it also being more mild is continu'd a few three or four days 10. An Intermitting Fever is that which returns after Intervals somtimes longer somtimes shorter in divers Fits 11. Whence according to the divers Space of every Access or Fit the same gets also divers Names For if a new Fit return daily answering the precedent in proportion it is call'd a Quotidian But if it only hap every other day it is call'd a Tertian If the Fits return after two days of the intermission it is call'd a Quartan and so forward Although Quintans Sextans c. are seldom observd yet are they observd somtimes 12. Beside this double primary Kind of Fevers there is yet one mixt or compounded of both and indeed Continual yet having some Fits and again Remissions and that somtimes every day somtimes the third somtimes the fourth whence it is deservedly nam'd either a Quotidian-Continual or Tertitan-Continual or Quartan-Continual Fever 13. There are moreover Observd Fevers many ways compounded of more Intermitting Fevers Such are I. Double or Triple-Quotidians as oft as two or three Fits are produc'd in the same day successivly answering in a differing proportion 14. Such are II. Double or Triple Tertians consisting of two or three Tertians whether in a Double Tertian two Fits the same day or one each other day return or in a Triple Tertian two in one day one in the other day or somtimes Three in one day in the other day no Fit troubles 15. A Double Tertian returning in divers days is distinguisht from a Quotidian both upon the account of the time of its coming and by reason of its continuance and by reason of the Accompanying Symptoms For when because of all these the First Fit answers to the Third and this to the Fiâ—â—â— and the Second to the Fourth and this to the Sixtâ— and so on we conclude there is a Double Tertian and a Single Quotidian when the First Fit answers to the Second this to the Third and so on 16. A Double Tertian is also argued when a Single Tertian preceded returning every other day which if it afterward return daily it is wholly to be estem'd a Double Tertian but not a Single Quotidian 17. I know there are not wanting Great Physicians who deny all Quotidian Fevers and only admit of Double Tertians or Triple Quartans and indeed at least as much as I can judg more by Prejudice than certain Experience or Reason compelling Which if any consult with an attent Mind I see not by what right Quotidian Fevers should be excluded from the number of the Rest as it will be more evident where we shall propose our Thoughts of the Causes of Intermitting Fevers 18. Such III. Compounded of Intermitting Fevers are Doubled or Triple Quartans For it haps somtimes that the Sick is free from a Fever only one day and has new Fits the two following and then there is no doubt of a Double Tertian 19. But there also happens that a new Fit daily returns yet so that the First answers to the Fourth and â—ns to the Seventh the Second to the Fifth and this to the Eighth Lastly The Third to the Sixth and this â—o the Nieth and so forward or that of a Single Qâ—â—rtan one Double be bred and at length of one Dâ—uble a Triple one whence in like manner it is easily distinguisht from a Single Qâ—otidian or Double Tertian A Confirmation whereof is somtimes had from its Cure if to wit one Fit be first taken away and then the Fits still return both days following one day of intermission being interpos'd or if two Fits be taken away one only remaining and returning any fourth day That I may now â—onocal other Symptoms more proper to Quartan Fevers and but seldom observable in Tertians or Qâ—artans and that usually then when they incline to the nature and likeness of Quartans 20. Beside these Intermitting Fevers that are orderly and return for the most part at a certain time unless some Error be committed in Diet or some Medicin be us'd there are even others observ'd frequently enough returning and afflicting somtimes at this
come within the reach of that Motto in the Duke's Theatre Vniversus Mundus exercet Histrioniam And besides this it serves for divers purposes more Concerning which give me leave because it may be of use to make publick here what I not long since privately wrote upon an eminent occasion thus 'T is a common trick among the Tribe of Dissectors to open Bodies of their own or other Mens Patients in pretence to satisfie themselves and the deceased's Kindred touching the cause of Death and thence they always pick out enough before the admiring By-standers to justifie themselves and their own mistakes by reasons to prove that the Patient was incurable or else they will be sure to collect dirty matter enough to cast upon any Physician whom they envy whose hap it may have been to have given Physick before them to the same Patient especially if he be not of their Honorary number hundreds of able Practitioners and Learned have been thus artificially blasted So that it were well if this famous City of London would take Notice of such crafty Abuses for the future For though somtimes when upon opening of Bodies the internal parts appear decayed or corrupted in their Tone and Substance 't is manifest then what brought on Death yet not so at other times seeing most Diseases lying in the variations of Blood and Humors Spirits and Ferments of the Parts are in their Causes remote from such ocular inspection let none in these Matters be gull'd hereafter For that nothing certain can be concluded from the stagnation of Blood or other Humors found in any place or passage of the Body after Death is evident in this that Nature upon Death's approaches being driven to most violent motions doth extravasate intravasate throw Blood and Humors in and out here and there and every-where Cap-a-pe through the most abstruse and unperceivable Passages So that if stagnant or coagulated Blood or other Humour be found in any part by Anatomizing it cannot be concluded it was so before death For it was well said of old by Celsus the most prudent of all Physicians in his Preface Neque quicquam esse stultius quà m quale quid vivo homine est tale existimare esse moriente intò jam mortuo which is in plain English That nothing is more foolish than to imagine that things within a Man should be in the same state when he is dying as they were when he was living much more when he is actually dead From hence also observe what mistakes Physicians may be led into by blind supposals and conjectures of Blood or other matter lodged in this that or other secret Passage of the Vessels or Bowels to be causes of Diseases when they proceed thereupon to raise fanciful Doctrines whereby to manage practice in After-time and order Cures by Calculations secundùm ductus Hypotheses Anatomicos No Man can be against a due enquiry into Anatomy so far as concerns a being acquainted with the Structure Figure Scituation and Connexion of the Parts of the Body especially in Cases of Chirurgery wherein its greatest use doth lie and of this also it becomes a Physician not to be ignorant who ought also to be a Chirurgian though the sine-finger'd Academick Education of Physicians in England hath here unhappily divided the two Faculties the Professors of the one being brought up to Talk the other to Work the one in their youth to speculative Philosophy the other from their very first youth in practiceâ— Drudgery if I may so call it in comparison with the other from whence 't is observable we are always furnished with far more able Chirurgians than Physicians Consider what greater Men ever had we in the World for the old way of Physick formerly than those that were bred up Chirurgians Galen himself was bred a Chirurgian And where now will you find among the Galenists of our Nation Men for Physick to be named after those famous Persons bred Chirurgians such as were Pareus Chalmetaeus Pigraeus Guillemeau Ingrassias Felix Wurtzius Fallopius Vesalius Carcanus Severinus Marchetti Spigelius and the two Fabricii one an Italian the other a Swisse viz. Hildanus and ab Aquapendente whose Judicious Works and great Performances made them renowned through the world But now forsooth a Chirurgian with us is made so little a thing by our Doctoral Confederates that when he hath a Patient they expect he should not presume to prescribe any thing of Internal Physick for the promoting his Cure though none can judg so well what is fit to be done as himself so that if he gives way he remains liable to the possibility of having his Work spoiled either by the ignorance or sometimes the malice of another Person that knows little or nothing of the management of a Chirurgical Curation Besides if our Chirurgians were excluded as that 's the desire and aim of the others from the Practice of Physick I wonder where his Majesty for his Fleets and the Merchants for theirs â—â—n which the Wealth and Glory of this Kingdom doth depend would be supplyed with Able Practitioners for the Sick at Sea the greatest sicknesses both Acute and Chronick being there predominant Not from the fine breed of the Scholastick Family whose Learning so much as it is and that is in but a very sâ—w of them lies quite beside the way that leads to the more noble â—â—â—ally of Physicians insomuch that when they first come to Town with the Learned Cushion-Cap and Scarlet the very Apothecaries Boys are able to tutor them in Town-practice laugh at them and tell Tales behind their backs Wherefore seeing the Juniors are not fit to be trusted aboard with the Seamen and the Seniors never did serve nor mean to do it and nothing but another great Plague can send them out of London Which way can the Sea or our Armies be served with Physick and Chirurgery if Surgeons-Hall be not to be lookt on as a Colledge of Physicians and for which of their good Services to the Crown Kingdom and City will the other Society ever have the confidence to seek an Authority to tuck the Necks of all other Physicians Chirurgians and Apothecaries under the Girdle of their Jurisdiction But 't is to be hoped the Nation will ere long be convinced that the Laboratory the Work-house is the way to be traced before we enter the Library an Apprenticeship from our Youth to work and study under a Practiser is that only which can make one a Doctor all the rest is but flocci nauci nihili pili c. Whereupon 't is to be hoped also we shall one day think it high time that a Reformation be thought of that the present formal way which none of the Antients knew will be left and our Youth for Physick instead of being Academians be bred up more Mechanico instituted in the Operative before the bend themselves upon the Contemplative and Philosophizing part of Physick For Aristotle said well Nihil in intellectu quod
said about the Rise and Cure of several Pains to find the true Cause and Manner of Curing of others as yet more obscure or complicated and perhaps not explain'd here CHAP. XV. Of the Vomiting of what is contain'd in the Guts and namely of the Disease Cholera and Ileos 1. THat which is contain'd in the Guts according to Nature is either driven forward into the Lacteal Veins in as much as it is useful to nourish the Body or is expell'd by Stool in as much as it is unuseful to nourish it But against Nature the same is either too much excluded bâ— Stool with the Humors flowing together in a loosness thence call'd of which we spoke in Chap. 13. or in the contracted motion of the Guts inverted it is repell'd upward into the Ventricle and thence vomited out in a consistent form or exhal'd or belch'd in the form of a Vapor or Wind somtimes it is voided either into the Cavity of the Belly or out of the Body by Wounds or Vleers of the Guts of which elsewhere 2. Wind therefore breaks out in Belches and Vapors in Yawning and the Hypochondriac Suffocation wherein oftentimes Wind also is rais'd of which we have in part spoken Chap. 9. there is no Disease comes to my mind in which Vapors are observ'd to rise 3. A Vomiting proceeding from the Guts differs according to the diversity of what is voided for somtimes Food is repell'd being first driven down to the Guts other-times Humors carri'd down to the Guts and voided either single and pure Choleric Phlegmatic Serous or Bitter Sowr Harsh Salt Sweet Insipid c. or Yellow Green Ceruleous Black White Watry Clear c. or variously mix'd one while Excrements other whiles Blood or moreover Matter or other things rising from the Guts 4. The primary Cause of all this manifold Vomiting is the contracted Motion of the Guts inverted and drawing yea compelling the Stomach to a consent thereto and like change of motion 5. This change of Motion begins frequently from the place where the Passage both of Choler and the Pancreas is inserted seldom from the Seige often from this or that part of the small Gut troubled with a Gangrene or any other grievous Disease 6. From the place of the Insertion of this double Passage the motion of the Guts haps to be inverted by reason of the potent and violent effervescency of sharp Humors then in the Body or corrupted or irritated by what is newly taken in 7. The sharp Humors that are in the Body are Choler and the Juice of the Pancreas gone from their natural state as somtimes also Spittle swallow'd either Acid or Salt and carri'd down to the Guts 8. The things taken in that corrupt the aforenam'd Humors and provoke them to raise a vitious effervescency are either Summer-Fruits Cheries Plums Melons Peaches Grapes c. also new Wine or any sharp Medicins making either of the mention'd Humors sharper as also Vomits or certain Poisons Arsenic Orpiment c. whither corrosive sublim'd Mercury may yea ought to be referr'd seeing that if it be taken pure uncorrected though in the least quantity it disturbs and corrupts all 9. As often as Choleric Humors are voided out as well upward as downward with great force and plentifully together with the troublesom anxieties of the Midrif accompanying either of their own accord by Humors before in the Body or because of an external error committed in Diet this Disease is wont to be call'd Cholera 10. In the Hypochondriac Disease and Suffocation and the Scurvy it self there are somtimes rais'd freely Vomitings of various Humors thinner or thicker too Viscous or Fluid Bitter or Acid or Salt or Harsh or Sweet or Insipid Yellow or Green or Ceruleous or Black or White or Watry or Crystal-like or of divers Colours so that all the differences occurring in several or the same Sick People are very difficult to be numbred or reduc'd into a certain order 11. Somtimes Blood also is by force poured out by Vomit Which I suspect if not always at least most commonly comes out of the Pancreas by reason of some Vessel open'd by its over-sharp Juice and it is driven up to the Stomach to be vomited out there being then also a vitious Effervescency with Choler whilst for the most part some of it descends downward to be voided by Stool 12. I Cur'd the Widow of a Mariner about 20 years since at Cullen fallen through great grief of Mind contracted by her Husbands Death if my memory fail me not into a grievous and daily Pain of the Loins and hence into a spontaneous Vomiting and Dejection of Matter left for incurable by Physicians call'd to see her yet restor'd by degrees with the help of Sugar'd Wine warm'd and taken by turns And seven years after by a grievous sorrow of Mind brought into such a like vehement Pain of the Loins I therefore guessing by the relation of her former Disease that Matter lay hid in the part griev'd by a former Inflammation produc'd and collected gave her twice an Antimonial Vomit and if I remember right my Sapa Vomitoria by the help whereof she vomited the first day more than a pint or â„¥ xx of Matter well ripen'd and by Stool a good quantity of the same also by the benefit of the Vomit iterated one or two days being interpos'd she empti'd again some Matter upward and downward though less than before and was restor'd to perfect health in a short while some few Cordial Medicins and such as resist Putrefaction being given 13. I judg that Matter therefore procedes out of the Pancreas because the place affected answer'd its Situation and because I have often found Matter collected in greater or less plenty in the Pancreas after Death but not in any other part from which there was a way to the Guts 14. The sâ—â—ne reason makes me conjecture and think that the Vâ—â—iting of Blood is not to be deduc'd from the Spleen of Liver nor yet the Mensenterie but from the Pancreas alone saving the judgment or observation of others 15. When the contracted Metion of the Guts begins to be inverted from the Siege then I judg an exceeding sharp Humor adhers to it seeing it is wont to be Cur'd with such as only asswage and temper sharp things For I never had such a Patient to Cure that I could make an exact examination of all his Symptoms and hence give a solid Judgment of every one 16. Often its contracted Motion begins to be inverted in this or that part of the small Gut with the Vomiting up of the Excrements following from the Gut affected call'd by Physicians Ileos and Ileos by Practitioners 17. I have observ'd in Dissecting dead Bodies a twofold Cause of this Evil the one was a Gangrene of the Gut such a wrinkling and pressure together of the corrupted Gut accompanying it that all passage downward was deni'd the Excrements and were forc'd to a miserable return upward and so an
deservedly mentiond being dissolvd in Wine a little Sowr or in a little distild Vinegar whereby they may the easier mix with the Acid Humor peccant in the Body For Example ℞ Hyssop Fenel-Water of each ℥ i. ss Matthiolus his Aqua Vitae ℥ i. distild Vinegarʒ ii Crabs-Eyes pouderdʒ ss Syr. of Scurvy-grass ℥ i. M. Or ℞ Mint-Water ℥ ii ss Simple Treacle-Waterʒ vi Tincture of Castorʒ ii Sp. of Salt Armoniac ℈ i. Oil of Orange-Peel 6 drops Syr. of Fenel ℥ i. M. The first Mixture will be less effectual but more grateful the latter less grateful but more efficacious both us'd by Spoonfuls will conduce to temper the too sharp Acid Humor although the latter is to be preferd when any thing of Tartness shall be observd to concur whose chief sign is any Straitness tending to the Hypochondriac Suffocation whether it rise up to the Jaws or stick about the Midrif and beget inexplicable anxieties to the Sick continually threatning a present Swouning 26. The Contraction of the Heart ceasing in a vehement Apoplexie will never be Cur'd nor easily prevented unless by very Spiritous and Aromatic Liquors often us'd Matthiolus his Aqua Vitae Apoplectic Waters and such-like mean while not neglecting other things that correct and educe the Antecedent Causes of the Apoplexie to be propos'd elsewhere 27. A Plethora of Blood is soon and safely Cur'd by a sufficient Emptying of it by opening a Vein whether it be together and at once or by repeted turns according to the peculiar nature and strength of the Sick For there are many who cannot bear to have much taken away together but soon fall into a Swouning by which seeing none can at any time receive any good I had rather that it should be prevented as often as may be and every Cure be done securely rather than rashly seeing it often happens to those rash Blood-Letters that they educe Life together with the Blood Whereof there is no danger if the Blood be taken in a smaller quantity by short spaces to be stopt as soon as the least sign appears of a present Swouning and after that if the Disease still require again to be taken away with more benefit to the Sick 28. The Reason Generation and Cure of an Obstruction and Inflammation following it shall particularly be treated anon in Chap. 40. 29. II. The over-slow Motion of Blood through the Lungs may be Cur'd 1. By Correcting its Phlegmatic Viscousness by Medicins that Cut and Attenuate whether Spiritous or Salt or Oily or somtimes Acid us'd either alone or prudently mixt often propos'd 30. 2. By taking away the present Straitness of the Vessels diversly according to the diversity of the Causes peccant but of these things elsewhere 31. 3. By Repairing the want of the Animal Spirits contracting the Heart too weakly both by taking often Food very Spiritous strong Wine and especially its Spirit as well simple as many ways Aromatiz'd with the addition of divers things seldom alone and pure often broken and diluted with the mixture of grateful watry Liquors and also by shunning and moderating Cares and Watchings night Studies prolongd Weariness of Body c. 32. III. The over-swift Motion of Blood through the Lungs may be Cur'd 1. By diminishing its Fluidity by Thickning Food or Medicins 33. Of Food use Feet and other extreme parts of Brutes abounding with Gelie and so Fishes and especially Sea-Fish 34. Let the Drink be Red Wine and a little harsh or Steeld Beer or made Medicinal with any more grateful Astringents 35. Among Medicins we mention Diascordium new Treacle and every kind of Sealed Earth Harts-Horn c. 36. The Pills of Hounds-Tongue correct the Salt Serous Humor before all other things taken daily once or twice to two or three Grains instead whereof these of Styrax following may be prepar'd and us'd in like quantity ℞ Styrax Calamita Juice of Licorice thickned or extracted Olibanum red Myrrh Opium of Thebes of eachʒ ss Oriental Saffron ℈ i. with Syr. of white Poppies as much as is sufficient Make it a Mass of Pills 37. If Troches please better use the following form or one like it ℞ White Henbane white Poppie-Seeds of each ʒ ss Male Frankincense red Myrrh of each ℈ i. best Saffron ℈ ss Juice of Licorice thickend ʒ i. Sugar of Marsh-malows ℥ ss Gum-Dragon dissolvd in Rose-Water ʒ i. M. to be small Troches according to Art Let the Sick keep one of these often in his Mouth and swallow it by degrees Also Opium of Thebesʒ ss may be mixt with Them whence any Acrimony of Humors may more powerfully be corrected 38. 2. The over-quick Motion of Blood through the Lungs may be Cur'd by tempering its Heat encreasd in the Heart by Sowr and Watry things of which consists Sempervivum Majus Plantane Nightshade Sorrel c. that allay the heat of Blood more mildly or more potently 39. 3. The same over-quick Motion of Blood through the Lungs may be Cur'd by Tempering the sharp Humor carri'd to the Heart by those that are Spiritous Oily and especially Opiats and others often mentiond and also when it abounds Educing it by Hydragogues often mentiond 40. Sharp Vapors also carri'd to the Heart are to be Temperd with the same and Discussd by Spiritous Diaphoreties having both a Simple and Oily Volatil Salt Their new Production ought to he hindred especially by Opiats and Anodyns most convenient to the Constitution and Accompanying Symptoms 41. IV. The Blood Essus'd through the Lungs Mov'd another way than whither it ought may be Cur'd 1. In the Spitting of Blood the burst or corroded Vessels being speedily Consolidated by the Mixture describ'd in Chap. 9. Sect. 20. or one like it being oft taken by Spoonfuls presently Turning the Blood from the Lungs that flowd too plenteously in a Plethora by a Vein opend in the Arm or in either or both Feet Lastly The Sharp Salt or Sowr Humors that descend from the Head being Corrected by those before mentiond in Sect. 35 c. Opiats and mild Aromatics Also by Curing or Shunning Coughing Shouting Leaping or any other too vehement Motion of the Body 42. When the Vessels of the Lungs are distended near breaking by the Blood Kindled and waxing too thin the Blood is to be let out speedily by Opening a Vein and temperd moreover taking cooling Julaps in a sufficient quantity especially prepar'd of those that are Watry and Sowr For Example ℞ Barley-Water ℥ xx Julap of Roses ℥ iii. Oil of Sulphur prepar'd by a Glass-Bell as much as suffices for an Acidity grateful to the Sick M. Let the Sick often drink a moderat Draught till the Heat be observd to be moderat 43. The Cure of a Peripneumonie is to be seen in Chap. 40. 44. The most Wounds of the Great Vessels of the Lungs are wont to be deadly but the Cure of the Lesser and also of Spitting of Matter shall be given elsewhere CHAP. XXI Of the Alteration of Blood by Air Inspired and Expired Deprav'd
and more or less temperd in them by the Air Inspir'd 4. The Nourishment of the Lungs is Deprav'd 1. When it is Diminisht or Abolisht and they pine more or less 2. When it is Ill-nourisht and the Lungs get a Substance and Consistency harder or more compact than is naturally or on the contrary softer or more flaccid or also unequal c. For 3. I scarce think and that very seldom that the Nourishment of the Lungs may be Encreasd if we speak properly as long as their Substance is laudable 5. The Lungs Pine more or less somtimes in both sides somtimes in either and in this or that Lobe by the fault of either It self or the Blood or Matter 6. By the fault of the Blood when it is Purulent especially in a Pleurisie tending to an Aposteme and communicating its Matter to the Lungs either immediatly or by means of the Blood whence Leanness not only of the Lungs but of the Universal Body is wont to follow 7. Leanness may hap by fault of the Lungs when by an External or Internal Cause they become unfit to assimilate to themselves the Blood duly flowing in which I have oft observd happens Internally by an Vleer Externally by a Suppuration in both places by Matter Corrupting not only the Blood of what sort soever carri'd to them but also the very Substance of Them so that they cannot longer be nourisht by any Blood 8. In the Year 1662. we found in the Academic Hâ—spital the Right Lung wrinkled wan and Lank and in my judgment Consum'd in a Watry Suppuration of the right side consisting of Matter and Serous Liquor Whitish collected together which evil I thought was to be ascrib'd to the Purulent Water about it 9. In Tisical People for certain the Lungs are not only corrupted and therefore also moreover pine but besides the Vniversal Body consumes because of Blood in like manner corrupted by Matter adjoind and by â—egrees so corrupting all the Parts that they become â—nfit to perfect natural Nourishment 10. The Nourishment of the Lungs is Deprav'd â—y either or both kinds of Blood vitious at least having Vitious Humors mixt with it whence seldom the Lungs only but also the other parts of the Body â—re together affected and ill-nourisht 11. To these Causes depending sometimes on Choâ—er somtimes on the Juice of the Pancreas somtimes on Spittle somtimes on the Liquor rising from this Ternarie somtimes on Chyle somtimes on Lympha â—ny way vitiated somtimes on Serous Liquor not seâ—arated in the Kidneys but remaining in the Blood contrary to Nature and if there be more things which may and are wont to vitiat the Blood is ascribd the rising of Tubercl's oft observd here and there in the Lungs and the change of their soft and spongie Substance into a Fleshy Tumorous and harder and more solid many ways than is wont or otherwise declining from their Natural Consistency 12. The Nourishment of the Lungs is to be believd Encreasd when they keep their natural consistency and manner of substance and yet grow out too much and do so fill the Cavity of the Brest that thereby Inspiration is rather hindred than made difficult An Example whereof I have several times had in Dissection after Death 13. I judg the Cause of this encreasd Nourishment of the Lungs to be partly Their best Constitution partly the Vse of Food most apt to nourish the Lungs and perhaps the Lungs taken out of younger Living Creatures 14. The Signs of all these kinds of deprav'd Nourishment of the Lungs may be sought out of other Functions together Deprav'd and 1. The Sign of it more or less Deficient must be enquir'd after from Respiration variously deprav'd together with some kind at least of Leanness of the rest of the Body coming upon it and especially after a Suppuration or Vlcer bred in the Lungs and so a Tisic 15. II. The Ill Nourishment of the Lungs may partly be known by Respiration Deprav'd partly by any kind of a Cachexie of the rest of the Body whose diversity will manifest one only Humor or together with others peccant 16. III. Respiration hindred without an evident Cause there being a laudable Constitution of the rest of the Body will signifie the Nourishment of the Lungs Encreasd 17. By such Conjectures I think several Kinds hitherto noted by few of Deprav'd Nourishment of the Lungs may be distinguisht and manifest from one another 18. The Nourishment of the Lungs Deficient because of Purulent Blood or Matter it self in a Pleurisie or other Inflammations degenerating into an Aposteme carri'd to them any way may be Cur'd partly by conveniently Curing the foresaid Diseases partly by freeing the Blood from Matter partly by taking out of the Lungs the entred harm by Matter 19. We will propose the Doctrine and Cure of a Pleurisie and other Inflammations in Chap. 40. 20. Any Antimonial Medicins will free the Blood from Matter perhaps before all others whether they be Diaphoretic or Purgers and Vomiters which I have often observd even in a Tisic and an inveterat great Ulcer of the Lungs have brought away a good quantity of Matter by Stool and Urine so that then for many days no Matter was cast forth by a Cough And that there had been a great Ulcer in the Lungs and moreover manifold the Dissection I made of the Body after Death did manifest 21. The Harm ascrib'd to Matter may be taken out of the Lungs whether it be a deep Vlcer or only a superficiary Exulceration both by Vulnerary Decoctions so call'd and also by any Balsam of Sulphur and especially that of Anise-Oil more grateful 22. Let this or one like it be a form of an accomodated Vulnerary Decoction for the Lungs in this Case which â„ž The Root of Licorish slic'd â„¥ i. of Aristolochie â„¥ ss The Leaves of Speedwel Seabious Saracens-Comfrey Ladies-Mantle Winter-Green of each Man i. Raisins of the Sun ston'd â„¥ iv Boil them in Barley-Water in â„¥ xxx of what is Straind dissolve Syr. of Hyssop of Oak of Jerusalem of each â„¥ i. M. Let the Sick drink â„¥ i. or ii of this Decoction oft in a day to which one Drop of the mentiond Balsam of Sulphur may be added or us'd apart in another grateful Liquor twice or thrice daily 23. I still account the Balsam prepar'd in like manner of the truly Sulphureous and Infameable Flowers of Antimony to be the more excellent whose great Vertues I have oft experienc'd 24. The Harm of the Lungs that follows a Suppuration may be Cur'd either by carrying Matter out of the Cavity of the Brest by a Paracenthesis made in the Brest or by emptying it out by Stool or Vomit which I remember was some years since done by a Chirurgion and Empiric living in the Country by a singular Decoction by the help whereof though the Sick being grievously affected in his Brest and by degrees pining was esteem'd incurable by several Physicians and famous Chirurgions yet was he cur'd
the Jaws through the Arteries together with the Blood I altogether think the Arthritics are to be distinguisht from the Catarrhals As often as I had opportunity to observ very exactly the Rise and Progress of the Gout by my Patients faithful narration even so oft I have minded that it has risen together with a Continual or Intermitting Fever Whence the Gout was not a little augmented by the return of the new Fits of the Intermitting Fever till it was either chang'd into a Continual Fever or ceased of its own accord or was Cur'd by Art the Pains of the Joints persevering nevertheless 37. XV. As Continual so Intermitting Fevers are oft attended with Mad and Raving Fevers call'd by the Dutch Rasende Koortsen from their Raving seldom indeed during Cold but oft when Heat does follow the Head-ach and Pulsing of the Temples and then ceasing by degrees with the Fit again and that after Sleep either pleasant or troublesom with wakings 38. XVI The Emetic or Vomiting Intermitting Fevers are so call'd from the Vomiting that somtimes continually other-times by intervals are very troublesom either when the Cold begins or in its continuance or in the appearance or encrease of Heat so much the more grievous that the Sick are not thereby eased but more griev'd Whence that Vomiting is deservedly judg'd Symptomatical and not Critical 39. XVII So Intermitting Fevers also are observâ—d from a great and frequent Purging and somtimes also with Gripes much troubling and weakening the Sick at divers times of their Continuance therefore to be call'd Emptying or Cleansing Fevers 40. XVIII The Fits of most Intermitting Fevers use not only to end with a Sweat good for the Sick and therfore then to be esteem'd Critical but oft for the most part of the Fit a great Sweat hurtful to the Sick and therefore Symptomatical most commonly hot seldom cold Breaths out of the whole Body or a particular part as the Head Breast Abdomen or Lims which makes the Sweating Fevers Such also are Continual Fevers observd to be that are known by the Name of The English Sweat 41. XIX But Intermitting Fevers are also observd with almost a continual Urining and that Symptomatical weakening the Sick not Critical and easing them which therfore may fitly be call'd Vretic Fevers 42. XX. Lastly that I may put an end to these partly new names Intermitting Fevers are observd to be accompanied with a grievous and troublesom Spitting and therfore to be nam'd Spitting Fevers 43. Without doubt there are yet many more Kinds and Differences of Intermitting Fevers to be nam'd from their grievous and molesting Symptoms but let it suffice to have mentiond the most notable ones which I being much hurried could call to Mind 44. If any ask me the Causes of Intermitting Fevers differing so many ways among themselvs I answer That one cause makes an Intermitting Fever as Intermitting and another makes it of this or that Kind in as much as it returns in this or that day or is accompanied with these or other grievous Symptoms 45. If any where certainly in assigning the true Cause of all and every Intermitting Fever the great difference of Doctors of Physic is observd lastly mine also perhaps varies not a little from the Opinion of the rest I now intend more deeply to enquire more accuratly to examin and explain more exquisitly then ever I did before all this hard and intricat business chiefly upon their account who never heard or are like to hear me publicly or ever have hall or may have conference with me about this Matter Which I will do as much as I may for my Concerns and Distractions daily encreasing rather then decreasing and therfore perpetually withdrawing my Mind from an attentive Meditation wholly requisite here my privat Auditory tarrying for the same and the Printer daily urging 46. There is therfore requir'd to produce an Intermitting Fever that is which returning somtimes in certain other-times uncertain now in shorter othertimes in longer Intervals and indeed after a total Cessation and that also somtimes longer othertimes shorter by new Fits longer and shorter likewise both on the account of Cold and Heat which seeing it is not in the Blood otherwise it would be a Continual Fever is mixt with it and carri'd to the Right Ventricle of the Heart and truly 1. From such a part of the Body which should communicate it self by its Vessels with the Heart either immediatly or mediatly For here we suppose as our Foundation the Circular Motion of Blood both prov'd abundantly by others and Us also elswhere 47. 2. From such a part and by such Vessels in which it may by an External Cause consisting almost in the Non-natural Things so be infected and afflicted that it may be suddenly stopt in some part in its Motion and that for some time and hindred now longer other-whiles shorter lest it should constantly come to the Heart 48. 3. It should be such a thing as either for its stopping alone and standing still in its Place or Vessels of its own accord or for any other Internal Cause concurring to be nam'd or demonstrated should acquire such a vitiation from which where after that an open passage to the Heart is restor'd to it by what way soever either alone or joind to others also to be determind all the Symptoms though never so divers and observable in the manifold Kinds of Intermitting Fevers describ'd may commodiously be deduc'd and confirmd by a rational and certain Cure For We command all Hearty and Worthy Students of Physic the Queen of Arts once and always to bid farewel to the Commentations and vain Fictions contrary to the Practice of Physic 49. 4. It should be such an Impediment which for a time may bind up such an Humor stopt before and after it has got an Out-let by what cause soever at last it should return to its former Nature and therfore should likewise stop the like Humor to the former so long in the same place till the same as the former pour'd out by away prepar'd after what manner soever should produce a new Fit and that should be so long continu'd by course til at length unless the sick perish first either of its own accord or by chance or by art the noted Impediment should be corrected or taken away and the Intermitting Fever be Cur'd by the same 50. If therfore we should attentively consider that all the Humors of the Body of Man for we leave the oeconomy of Brutes to Ferriers to be weighed and explaind are prepar'd in their proper Places or be kept there and after that be carri'd through their Vessels to the Right Ventricle of the Heart we shall observe that beside the Blood returning to the Heart by the Veins from all the Containing Parts 1. Choler mixes as well immediatly by its Passage through the Liver with the Blood Ascending as mediatly with the Blood Descending through its Passage to the Gut in the Guts the Lacteal Veins and
wounded by Art or chance or mischance 33. 7. The same happens to too great an Effusion if Seed coming away either of its own accord or especially by immoderat Venery 34. 8. The same often is after an over-great Evacuation of the Humors by Vomit Stool Urin Sweats c. and especially when it com's with great Pains or a vehement Agitation of Body 35. 9. The same com's to pass when either the Water of Hydropical Persons or Matter in those that have putrefi'd Lungs is pour'd out excessivly 36. 10. The same is observd to come to pass by a Sting or Bite of certain Poisonous Creatures 37. 11. This same Evil accompanies the Fits of certain Intermitting Fevers either soon in the Beginning or often in the Encrease or in its Vigor seldom when it Declines unless perhaps by too large Sweats 38. 12. Somtimes a Swouning comes upon certain very vehement Pains of the Teeth the upper Orifice of the Stomach the Guts Bladder c. 39. 13. The same Swouning oppresses some after too much Motion and extreme Weariness of Body 40. 14. Somtimes a Swouning is produc'd by a great Heat either of the Sun or Fire or Bath or Fever 41. 15. Nor is it seldom that a Swouning happens by Hunger or Thirst too long and sorely vexing 42. 16. Yea somtimes Swouning happens to certain Women giving Suck by too great loss of Milk chiefly depending on the potent sucking of a strong Infant and somtimes by the very grievous Pain of the Clefts of the Paps or otherwise ill-affected 43. From the mention'd and such-like manifest Causes diligently considered and diligently compar'd with those which we have before propos'd we judg every Swouning is to be deriv'd next and immediatly from the Blood it self coming from both parts to the Heart and all those which are joind both according to and beside Nature and are carri'd together with it to the Heart and so disturb and change its natural Effervescency thâ—â— Râ—refaction of the Blood is not only diminisht but the Heart it self is not enough expanded and contracted and the Blood not sufficiently effus'd into the Arteries and therfore the Pulse is felt Less and more Languishing yea somtimes None 44. For if to make a laudable Pulse be requir'd as we think 1. Blood returning from every and both places to the Right Ventricle of the Heart 2. Choler Joind to the ascending Blood 3. Lympha returning from every place with the Descending Blood 4. A singular Lâ—quâ—r arising and soon after straind through the Lacteal Veins from the conflux of Choler and the Juice of the Pancreas and Spittle in the Small Gut and perhaps 5. Air attracted into the Lungs by Inspiration and nâ—xt in some part of it with the Blood circulating through them whil'st the rest is again thrust one in the Expiration next following and soâ—â—â—inâ— 6. 〈◊〉 although it be not always but 〈…〉 taken in driven to the Heart I say if all tâ—â—â— be requirâ—d to make a laudable Pulse as every on◠〈◊〉 be both present and rightly disppo'd but i◠〈…〉 reâ—f thâ—sâ— be wanting wholly or in part or 〈◊〉 thâ—re in tâ—â—rger â—loâ—ty or come thither endow'd with a â—raâ—gâ—â—â—â—lâ—ity or others go together also not râ—quir'd and therfore necessarily hurtful without dâ—â—â—â— there will bâ— some wrong to the Pulse beside the spâ—â—â—ng of the â—â—â—ctions wont to be in the Heart 45. And to remain in our present business 1. the Pulse will be deficient more or less in greatness and strength by an Universal Defect of Blood after a notable Haemorrhagie or Hunger much prolong'd whence the Blood will not only be deficient but other Humors also in the Body Choler the Juice of the Pancreas Lympha and the rest that are necessary to make the Vital Rarefaction of Blood and so the Pulse great 46. 2. The same Pulse will be deficient in Greatness and hence in Strength by the defect of Choler in a great Loosness and Vomiting and especially the Disease Cholera whence if Choler be carri'd to the Heart in a lesser quantity and at length perhaps none is it a wonder if a less or no Effervescency be sâ—ird up in It if there be a less or no Rarefaction of Blood if a less or no Expansion and Contraction of the Ventricles of the Heart follow and the Pulse be felt either Less or None 47. 3. The same Pulse will be Deficient in Greatness and hence in Strength by the Defect of Lympha with too Great a Sweat with which that the Lympha is also diminish beside the Animal Spirits Acids no less then Spiritous Volatil Medicins much recreating and restoring those that Sweat seem to evince By the defect of Lympha somwhat Sowr the Mean Consistency of Blood and its Effervescency will be deficient whence it will neither enough rarefie in the Heart nor will its Explication and Complication be great enough whence the Pulse will also be observd of necessity Less then is Naturally 48. 4. The same Pulse will be Deficient in Greatness and hence in Strength by the Defect of the Liquor arising from the Three-fold Sway in the Guts in a troublesom Vomiting and Loosness especially continual For this being in part or wholly excluded the Blood will necessarily want its benefit we judg in an other place that it conduc'd to procure the natural Coagulation of Blood if therfore the Blood be more or less destitute of it and is not repaird continually for want of this as is newly said the Blood will be less apt to rarefie and open the Ventricles of the Heart and the Pulse will necessarily follow a Less 49. 5. The same Pulse will be Deficient in Greatness and hence in Strength by the Defect of Air to be Inspir'd in any straitness of the Mouth and Nostrils or Jaws or sharp Artery for which the Air coming in less plenty cannot bestow the desired coolness on the Blood or any other Change wherfore the Blood being driven through the Lungs more slowly and not making a sufficient place for the new Blood following out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart hinders the Contraction of the Heart and is the Cause of the Pulse hitherto Less 50. 6. The same Pulse will be deficient in Greatness and hence in Strength by the Defect of Chyle both in a preposterous Hunger whether voluntary or compeld and in the Fermentation of Food or Separation or Transcolation or Conveyance any way hindred For unless Food be taken daily and especially in the accustomd time by which the Chyle drawn from it may be carri'd to the Heart the Blood continually lost will not only be unrepaird but the Humors flowing together in the Heart and Small Gut will act too much or amiss upon themselvs and the rest of the Blood and somtimes will make the Blood more or less consistent and hitherto unfit to the due or sufficient Rarefaction of it self and the Explication and Complication of the Ventricles of the Heart whence there will necessarily follow a Less
more swiftly and potently to a certain and determind Part because of Blood effus'd out of the same yet not in too great or high a quantity because where this happens the rest of the Blood is carri'd thither yea is so carri'd out that by its defect the Vital Fire is diminisht in the Heart and the Blood deficient and little however rarefi'd there can less open the Ventricles of the Heart and therfore can less provoke its Musculous Substance to contract it self therfore the Blood is less driven every way and at last fails unless Life be speedily helpt after a Universal Languishing 12. The Blood effus'd flows into the Substance of the Parts or Cavities of the Body and is gatherd there out of the Arteries any way internally opend and lying open as the same flows out of the Body and Arteries hurt about the superficies of the Body 13. A Plethâ—ra at the Vessels for its Causes argues an healthy Constitution of the Body and a more liberal use of the best Food a Mind void of Cares little Exercise of Body much sleep and such-like 14. We have spoken of the Causes and Cure of Blood less apt to rarefie in Chap. 34. where you may see them which make hither 15. We must speak elswhere of the Rising Causes and Cure of several Tumors and of an Obstruction of the Vessels of Blood and its Causes Effects and manner of Curing it we intend to propose more in Chap. 40. 16. Of Fevers as also a Palpitation of the Heart we have professedly treated before but of the several Differences and Causes and Cure of Wounds perhaps we may comment elswhere God willing 17. We will therfor admonish only one thing among many that make for a Cure of the noted Diseases from the Flowing of Blood through the Arteries deprav'd of Curing a Plethora at the Vessels so call'd soon and safely to wit that it may be absolvd by a sufficient letting Blood out at an opend Vein where I would have you observe that according to the proper Constitution of every one to be Cur'd the Blood be let out at one or more times and that somtimes in a greater somtimes in a less plenty 18. The Encreasing of the same Plethora may be prevented 1. by diminishing the quantity of Food which is of much and laudable Juice and by substituting in its place Food of more difficult Fermentation and that which contains less of a nourishing Juice 19. 2. By daily exercising and wearying the Body more 20. 3. By withdrawing by little and little somthing from Sleep 21. 4. By calling into use and Encreasing Cares and serious Occupations of the Mind which ought not to be too much vexing 22. 5. When by these means the too great encrease of Blood cannot yet be enough hindred endeavour must be us'd that moreover the Blood nevertheless more encreasd should be diminisht in time by opening a Vein CHAP. XXXVII Of the Nourishment of all the Parts deprav'd and in especial of Atrophia or Pining 1. THe general Vse of Blood carri'd to all and every of the Parts is their Nourishment or repairing of the Particles by degrees departing from them and perishing as also in Youth their Encreasing to a decent bulk and bigness 2. This Nourishment and Eucreasing of all the Parts is deprav'd somtimes either Vniversally or Particularly and that often according to the Flesh of the Muscles and Fatness seldom according to the Substance of the Bowels and Bones 3. This Depravation happens when 1. that Nourishment is Deficient in an Atrophie or Pining 2. when it is too Much specially in Fleshiness or Fatness 3. When it is Vnequally or Evilly in a Cachexie Anasarca Leucophlegmatia Rickets c. 4. In this Chapter we will Treat of an Atrophia or Defect of Nourishment in the following of the rest 5. The Nourishment of the Body is wont to be Deficient manifestly as is said upon the account of Fatness and the Musculous Flesh and not upon the account of Gristles Bones or the Substance of Bowels 6. When Fatness only is consum'd and is not equally repaird 〈◊〉 may be call'd Leanness when the Flesh is together diminisht and is not restor'd Pining Neither is it a new thing to observe Men whose Fat only decays but somtimes also those whose Flesh perishes more then their Fatness 7. This double Atrophia is often Vniversal through the Universal Body but not so often Particular and in some determinate Parts only especially in the Lims 8. This Atrophia happens often by the Fault of Blood seldom by the fault of the Part affected 9. The Atrophia happens by the fault of Blood when it is either deficient in the Universal Body or some part or is unfit to repair the Parts that grow lean 10. Blood is Deficient in the Vniversal Body both because of a voluntary or forc'd Hunger by any kind of notable Effusion of Blood by the defect of convenient Food by too much Motion of Body by Watchings too long continu'd by permanent Cares by too much and too long heat of Air and because of a Loosness prolong'd 11. The Blood is usually Deficient in some Part because of its hindred Flowing unto or into It and so the Cutting or Compression whatsoever of the Arteries tending to it by the Vnjointing of the Bones hard Tumors Bonds c. 12. The Blood is unfit to nourish and repair the Body Containing and its Parts more or fewer because of a vitious Quality or Vitious Salt Viscous Purulent c. Humors mixt with it 13. The Blood oft retains a vitious quality after great Symptoms and Diseases gone before Burning Fevers the Dysenterie c. or as yet present an Hectic Fever either single or Tisical Wasting and slowly or suddenly consuming the Body Although I then think the vitious Humors are to be considerd which produce the noted Fevers and do moreover vitiate the Blood and make it unfit to nourish the Body especially Matter infecting and corrupting the Blood in a Tisic 14. We have in several places and still intend to propose in this Treatise the rising of Vitious Salt Viscous Purulent c. Humors whence they may be sought 15. Pining happens by the fault of the Parts to be Nourisht when they suffer some harm by what Cause soever and especially External and Accidental to wit by a Chance Contusion great Wound c. whence the Vessels carri'd through Them are not only burst or cut but the Flesh it self and the Membrans c. are wasted and vitiated wherfore the Blood is not only deficient but the Food also coming to them is corrupted 16. The Cause of Pining which some seek or place in the Defect of the Radical Moisture or Inbred Heat or the Inward Temperament chang'd into too hot and dry I think is to be sought and found in Choler Lympha and also Spittle and the Juice of the Pancreas not feignd and commented and so Chimaerical but actually existing observd by many and sensible Humors but after
none such is to be expected of perfectly healthy People 20. Therefore the Cause of every Efflux of Blood is any kind of Opening of the Vessels whether it be by too much Distension of the Vessels by plenteous much rarefi'd or retarded Blood or Wind or by the corroding Pain of an Humor stopping either in or out of the Vessels or by an hard and sharp thing wounding or by a blunt thing bruising or if the same happen any other way 21. We intend to speak elswhere of the most Causes and the Cure of Blood Effus'd beside nature out of its Vessels in this Chapter we will prosecute the Essence and Cure of an Inflammation 22. It is requir'd to the Cure of an Inflammation and Aposteme following that 1. The Compression or Obstruction of the Vessels be taken away 2. That the Motion of Blood Stopt and standing still be restor'd 3. That the Blood effus'd out of its Vessels if it can be be removd thence before it turn to Matter 4. That if the Suppuration cannot be removd and so hindred it should be ripend and promoted 5. That the letting out of Matter bred be hastned 6. That the cleansing and consolidation of the Vlcer be most spedily absolv'd 23. I. The Compression of the Vessels by Bonds straitly cast about the parts may be taken away when they are taken away or by an hard Tumor when it is cur'd of which elswhere 24. An Obstruction of the Vessels by Viscous Phlegm or Blood Coagulated in them may be Cur'd by using Medicins that as well internally as externally loosen the Humor peccant and again make it fluid 25. Among Internals Volatil Salts prepar'd of several parts of Living Creatures conduce before all others as having an egregious power of dissolving all things Coagulated and Conglutinated in mans body and of reducing the same to their wonted fluidity and moreover to move sweat which together being mildly promoted that desired and amiable Dissolution of those Gathered together is obtaind much easier sooner and more happily 26. Hence it is that often by one Sweat prepar'd of these mentioned Volatil Salts or such-like given in season a Pleurisy that is an inflammation of the Side has been most happily cur'd without opening a Vein and letting Blood 27. Hence it is that Mixtures prepar'd of such like and us'd by spoonfuls by short intervals in time have cur'd both a Pleurisie and Peripneumonie and Inflammations of other parts soon safely and pleasantly 28. I here set down an example of such a Sudorific Mixture for Younger Physicians sake which â„ž Parsley Hyssop Fennel-water of each â„¥ i. Simple Treacle-water â„¥ ss Sp. of Salt ArmoniacÊ’ ss Laudanum Gr. iv Syr. of white Poppies â„¥ i. M. 29. Instead of Sp. of Salt Armoniac you may add Volatil Salt of Harts-Horn or any other and according to its greater or less Acrimonie add more or less of it to the Mixture which may be taken in a greater or less quantity at every time and the body be kept in a warm place especially in bed to promote the power of the Medicin every way and after that to facilitate a Sweat although there is scarce need to raise a sweat continually seeing it profits not unless in asmuch as the volatil and Salt force of the Medicin pierces easier and sooner to the place affected and Obstructed 30. Crabs Eyes the Jaws of a Pike the Bone of the Heart of an Hart c. may and ought to be referrd to a Volatil Salt seeing they abound with it 31. In this case likewise All fixt Metallic and Mineral Sulphurs conduce wherefore Diaphoretic Antimonie is hither referrd being broucht to some fixtnes although these are here convenient for many causes 32. Nor do the Volatil Salts of Living Creatures alone conduce here but all made of several parts of Scorbutic Plants so calld being sharp emulating their strength such as are the Juices of Hedge-Mustard Scurvie-grass Garden and Water Cresses Dandeleon c. Treacle-Waters c. So that they have power to loosen and dissolv Phlegm Coagulated or Blood Clotterd 33. Among the Externals the compound Oyntment Martiatum and of Marsh-Mallows are convenient c. the Oil of white Lilies Camomile Dill Bay Bricks commonly call'd Philosophers c. which may commodiously be mixt together and be anointed on the external affected part using before or adding often the rectifi'd Spirit of Wine aswel simple as compound and several ways aromatiz'd 34. In this Case also Cataplasms more Dissolving than Mollifying or Ripening may be outwardly apply'd which may Cut and Loosen the Humor Blood or Phlegm Coagulated being prepar'd of the parts of Sharp and Aromatic Plants For example take this following â„ž Onions roasted under the Ashes or in an earthen Vessel and beaten â„¥ ii the Leaves of Hegde-Mustard Chervil Garden-Crâ—sses Elder of each M. ss Meal of Beans Lupins of each â„¥ i. One Swallows Nest Album Grae um â„¥ i. Make it a Decoction in Butter-Milk to the Consistencie of a Cataplasm Apply this Cataplasm meanly warm to the affected part Externally by the help whereof internal Obstructions also may be loosned and Observ as soon as it begins to be dri'd it must be renewd 35. II. Motion is restord to Blood Standing still and stopt in its Vessels for the most part and most happily by Sudorifics sometimes by opening a Vein and Letting Blood 36. By Sudorifics in as much as by their help the Blood becomes not only more fluid and moveable but moreover is mov'd actually being more and more rarefi'd by the Volatil Salt that is in them and again loosens puls asunder and therefore mov's the Blood by degrees more or less clottering only by its stoppage because of it's Acid Spirit 37. Hence it is that the Pulse so continually more Frequent as often together Greater and Stronger is wont to accompany Sweat unless an extreme dejection of Strength concur for then both a Less and more Languishing Pulse is joynd to one more Frequent 38. For when the Volatil Salt of the Sudorifics coms to the right Ventricle of the Heart there the Blood rarefies more and more potently and does not only seek an out-let for it self of its own accord but provokes and forces the Ventricle of the Heart by diâ—ating it more both to a more Frequent and more Valid Contraction of it self and so to the expelling and driving the Blood forward and therefore raises moves and every way puts forward from the Heart the Blood first by degrees deficient in its Motion 39. When that mentioned Power of Sudorifics coms to the place of Obstruction it attempts the Matter obstructing be it what it will and cuts attenuates loosens and makes it fluid whence it is farther driven forward together with it more easily and happily the assault of the Blood coming more potently mov'd and forc'd to it 40. By opening a Vein and letting Blood its Motion is restor'd to the Blood standing still in as much as that which was next is carri'd into the place
more immoderate use of Spiritous Aromatic Liquors may be cur'd partly by bidding adieu by little and little to an immoderat use of these things noted partly by using wisely somwhat Tart Medicins and Sauces 22. 3. The same Exaltation encreasd because of the over Thin and Loos Substance of the Spleen may be Cur'd if possible by both internal and external Medicins somwhat tart oft mentiond by me long enough us'd CHAP. XLIV Of the Generation of Choler deprav'd 1. I Now begin to treat of the Place and Manner of the Generation or Separation as also the Vse and true Manner of the Motion of Choler with the Depravations Causes and Cure of each a matter indeed before all others perhaps even now obscure in Physic and therfore hard and full of differences and contradictions 2. I thought in my 6th Physical Disputation Sect. 36. according to Experiments then known to me that Choler was bred of the parts of Blood most like to it carri'd through the Cystic Arteries to the Bag of Choler and by degrees piercing into the Cavity it self through the Pores of the same Coat and there soon turning into the same nature with the rest of Choler 3. I judg'd the same Choler was driven forward out of its Bag through the Cystic Passage into the Common Passage so call'd hence partly through that of the Guts to the small Gut partly through that of the Liver to the branches of the Port and Hollow Vein thence together with the ascending Blood to the Heart for notable Vses propos'd in the same Disputation and more largely to be propos'd here in these following Chapters 4. Against these my thoughts of the Rising Motion and Use of Choler several things are sought out and invented by divers or occurring of their own accord the experiments and arguments are brought into public the most wherof do not so much evince them of falsity at least as much as I can judg as render them dubious one excepted of which anon 5. Nor is the controversy mov'd against me publicly upon this matter elswhere only by Famous and Learned Men but which you may wonder and at which mine Adversaries rejoice even here by some â—â—â—y Students seeking a little praise in a trivial matter shall I not say singing to themselvs moreover a triumph before the victory is got war was not so much denounc'd against me as brought suddenly upon me not open but coverd and conceald wherby some perhaps did hope that I would be 1st surpris'd before I had notice of the contest approaching and to be undergone 6. But I being only addicted to the searching out of Truth and to promote the common good of mâ—n have learnd also being conquerd to triumph wâ—tâ— the Conquerors I was not in the least afrighted from my purpose with so many troops diversly armd but rather excedingly stirrd up and corroborated in prosecuting the same more cheerfully 7. And although hitherto I did hope that all to whom I have bin in stead of a Parent by a faithful information and manuduction to practice that I do not now mention evident testimonies of my love anâ— benevolence would be mindful of their oath oâ— sponsion solemnly given when they were here madâ— Doctors of Physic being then put in mind agaiâ—â— that they should account Me instead of a Parent anâ— if they thought they had observd any thing less consentaneous to truth or the benefit of mortals in whaâ— I said or wrote that they would courteously tell mâ— of it as I oft desir'd them and mine other Auditors Yet was the contrary done here nay rather theiâ— councils and arts by which some of them did glory that much would be detracted from my reputation whatsoever it was and my fortunes also were made known on what hope of Promotion I understand not sooner to mine Adversaries then to me Therefore I being secure of the good event when it was signifi'd to me by my Friends in the neighbouring Cities and anon by those that livd in tâ—is also careful of me and my reputation so calld in question in what great danger my fame seem'd to many to be brought that Physicians my own Students would carry away the solemn and public desir'd victory of me conquerd and dejected with greater praise of their own name I took care that the following Corollary wherein their chief arguments were containd should be inserted in the Disputation to be held publicly in the Physicians Auditory I being President 8. That neither 1. The defect of a Bag in Hâ—rses Harts and other Brutes nâ—r 2. the insertion of the Cystie Passage with that of the Guts to an obtuse Angle and with that of the Liver to an acute Angle nâ—r 3. the Ligature of the Cystic Passage or the cuâ—ting asunder the Bag and the collection of Choler but mâ—re fluid pale and less bitter then was taken out of the Bag it self in a Glass Vessel fastned to the Passage of the Guts do disprove the Motion of Mans Choler out of its Bag through the Branches of the Hepatic Passage to the Heart 9. Against which Position of mine my noted Academic Students invited to this Banquet disputed sharply in the 15th and 19th day of December 1668. who otherwise then I thought that both the Observations of Anatomists mentiond in the Corollarie all the Rules of Mathematicians about Motion and the subtil Rules of Logicians stood for them and with what success that Fight was carri'd on Learned Men alone then present and void of Prejudices could and ought to judg At least I surviving that Fight am prepar'd to begin another Dispute at any time to search farther the Truth now much latent in this Controversie of the true Motion of Choler be it of what sort soever privat or public honestly to Discourse in Writing or by Word of Mouth with any 10. But that I may more from the beginning repeat this Mâ—tter to a greater illustration of the Truth I confess of my own accord that among the Arguments offerd by many and communicated to me against my Conjectures of the Rising and Motion of Choler I never met with any that much urg'd beside those things which Marcellus Malpighius a Man for many Causes accounted Excellent and not only most diligent in unveiling the Secrets of Nature by Anatomy but most candid and courteous in refuting friendly and mildly even to the Example of others the Opinions of those that think otherwise 11. He from his Experiments which although I my self could not as yet reach by the multitude of business yet take them from so ingenous a Man for true says that the whole Liver consists of manifold Lobes which are joind to certain Glandulous Knobs by which the extreme parts of all Vessels bringing in and carrying out that is to say of the Port and Hollow Veins Hepatic Arteries Nervs and Hepatic Passage of Choler and of the Roots springing from the Bag of Gall are ended all which as being very small Vessels although unperceivable yet seems
coms by the fault of the Blood when it abounds with very convenient parts to breed Choler and is not hindred by the contrary things noted in Sect. 24. by reason of all the External Causes at least the mâ—st and together most desirable concurring for some space 30. The Blood abounds with fit parts to produce Choler 1. Because of warmer and hot and so Summer Air. 2. Because of Spiritous and Fat Food and chiefly abounding with an Oily Volatil Salt such as are strong and sweet Wine fatter Flesh the best Leavend Bread stronger and bitter Beer c. Hitherto belong all Sauces both Aromatical and especially Bitter 3. Because of daily Watchings 4. Because of frequent Anger 5. Because of vehement and great motion of Body 6. Because of a Costive Body Choler being retaind in the Body or looser it abounding and seeking an Out-let any way 31. Sweet and sugard or honied Sauces seem to me not so much to encrease as trouble and stir up and force Choler to make a vitious Effervescency whence oft an hurtful yea somtimes together deadly Vomiting and Lâ—â—sâ—â—ss uses to follow their over-use and so abase 32. The Separation of Choler may be encreasd by the fault of the Glandulous Kernels when they have got a vitious and new or at least encreasd convenient disposition to separate plenteous Choler by reason of the same fore-mentiond primary faults of Diet longer continu'd 33. III. Choler is bred with a vitious quality when 1. it is more purely or obscurely yellow in Colour according to its proper sensible qualities more or less bitter in Savour more or loss sharp or â—oetid in Smell in Hardness when congealing into stones it gets a notable consistency and firmness or 2. according to its common sensible qualities it is somtimes more consistent or fluid then is naturally and therfore somtimes more glutinous other-times more liquid that I add nothing of its chang'd and already propos'd plenty 34. Seeing that both Colours Savours and Odors are observd to undergoe incredible changes from most different things I of mine own accord confess that hitherto I cannot assign exactly their true Causes and accurate Reasons and would receive them with a glad and grateful Mind from any so happy Which things lying hid yet to be found out by the multitude of Observations and to be brought to light by the help of Ingenuity I wish the Royal Societies appointed by the Authority of Great Kings and without doubt abundantly instructed with necessary helps to absolve such a Matter would not forbear to take pains useful to the Common-Wealth 35. I am taught by the Observations of some years that the Consistency and hence Glutinousness of Choler and oft the other Humors in the Body are Encreasd by a frequent use of Tart things the same on the contrary are Diminishd by the continued use of Volatil Salts and Sharp Aromatics 36. I. The greater or less Separation of Choler Deficient causd either by the Blood or the Glandulous Kernels of the Liver may be Cur'd 1. by Air Hot naturally or by art 2. By Food and Sauces abounding with a Volatil Salt and Spirit and especially bitter 3. By Watchings a little exceding custom 4. By moderat Anger 5. By Exercise of Body somwhat to vehement 6. By the Body kept soluble but not too loose and fluid 37. Among Medicins having experienc'd I commend a frequent use of Oily Volatil Salts as also of bitter Aromatics and chiefly of Wormwood and such-like any way us'd 38. II. The excretion of Choler more or less encreasd may be Cur'd 1. By more cold and Northern Air. 2 By Tart Glutinous and a little Spiritous Food and Sauces 3. By Sleep encreasd even by Art 4. By moderat sorrow of Mind 5. By rest of Body 6. By keeping the Body somwhat Costive after Choler is purg'd out by Rhubarb 39. All Tart and Earthy Medicins encreasing the Consistency of Blood may avail here whither all fat and seald Earths belong Bole Armeniac and Coral Pearl c. In the use of which beware least while you avoid one mischief you fall into another they are therfore to be us'd in a small quantity and at times wherby so the Blood turgid with Particles of Choler may be degrees be amended 40. III. The Savour of Choler being less bitter may be corrected by frequent use of Sauces or Medicins mildly bitter especially of Wormwood and Wormwood Wine made of it and such-like 41. The Hardness ascrib'd to Choler compacted into Stones may be Cur'd by the Juice and Decoction of Grass as also by the Spirit of Nitre as well pure as dulcifi'd us'd in Wine Beer c. 42. The encreasd Consistencie of Choler may be Cur'd by somwhat sharp Aromatics and chiefly by all Volatil but especially also Oily Salts 43. The encreasd Fluidness and Liquidness of Choler may be Cur'd by a prudent and continu'd Use of mildly Tart things Verjuice Quinces Medlars Wild-Plums c. CHAP. XLV Of the Retention or Excretion of Choler in its Bag deprav'd 1. SEeing that enough of Choler is always observd to be gathered and kept during Health in the Bag of Choler in all Creatures that have a Bag which if it be not sent out through the Cystic Passage perpetually then at least by Intervals whithersoever to be sent afterwards it is deservedly enquir'd into the Causes and Cures of it Retaind or thence Sent out beside nature 2. Choler is too much Retaind and therfore accumulated in its Bag either by the fault of it self or of the Bag. 3. Choler is Retaind too long by the fault of it self in its Bag as oft as it is too Glutinous and so less fit for motion or compacted into Stones and therfore most unfit for excretion neither doth the motion and contraction of the Bag seem to be so potent as to expel the Stones within it 4. Choler becoms more Glutinous by such-like Food or Tart Sauces long us'd as also by cold and sharp Air and sorrow of Mind by which the Juice of the Pancreas especially and hence the universal Mass of Blood and anon all the Humors become too Glutinous 5. Choler is compacted and coagulated into Stones by a Lapidescent so call'd by some or rather to be call'd a Juice making a Stone which I suspect gets its strength from a Tart acid seeing that Stones and Gravel are dissolved by a subtile and sharp Acid. 6. Choler may be Retaind too long in it by the fault of its Bag as oft as its Fibres become too loos by reason of an exceding collection of Choler or the Animal Spirits become deficient in them chiefly because of its Nervs ill affected although I think either of these Causes seldom hath place here or its Out-let may be clâ—structed by Choler compacted into an extremely Glutinous Humor or Stone 7. The same Choler is sent forth too much out of its Bag in like manner by the fault either of it self or of its Bag. 8. By the fault of it self when Choler
sides of the noted Passages and also by the same growing together into a stone-like Matter and in like manner adhering by degrees to the noted Sides For it seems not impossible that that may befal Men somtimes which is observd so oft to happen to Cattel and Beasts in the Winter Season 3. The descent of Choler to the Gut may be wholly taken away by an Obstruction of the Passage of Choler â—nto the Gut risen either by Choler it self most glutiâ—ous overlaying and at length wholly filling that Passage by degrees more and more or by the same Choler lapidescent and likewise stopping the whole Passage 4. It is commonly receivd that Choler wholly hindred in its natural Descent ascends with force to the Liver because of the noted Obstruction of the Passage to the Gut and is so carri'd to the Blood and anon transferd with it to the habit and superficies of the Body and there breeds the Jaundice 5. And although I suppose the Jaundice may somtimes be raisd by the foresaid Obstruction yet do I not judg that that Obstruction suffices to breed it unless Choler then abiding in its Bag especially get a new change 6. And that I should be so perswaded very many both Anatomical and Practical Experiments move and in a manner constrain me which I desire may be always conjoind as oft as may be by those who desire to do any thing profitable to Mortals and so to Physic it self in the Illustration of the more obscure Natural and Physical things For it oft falls out that some Anatomical Experiments seem to contradict Practicals whence by their long comparison together and an accurat weighing of all the Circumstances Truth the more happily and profitably appears But if this be neglected our Knowledg is rather obscur'd and things now occurring to us less distinctly of themselvs are the more confus'd 7. I have Observd 1. in diffecting Icterical People that the Passage to the Gut or that call'd Cystic was not always obstructed 8. 2. I have Observd that the Excrements are not always pale in the Jaundice although less dyed then usual 9. 3. I have Observd the Jaundice oft sooner bred not only by a peculiar Poison but by a grievous and unexpected sorrow of Mind then that any can perswade either themselves or others that an Obstruction could be bred so suddenly from what Cause soever at length then present and acting in the Passages of Choler 10. 4. I have Observd the Jaundice Cur'd by Medicins and that soon enough by the help whereof any unless prepossest with Prejudice can scarce believe an Obstruction could be opend or so soon opend To this number I refer Cows Milk boild with Hemp-Seeds by the help of which only benefit I have cur'd several and known many of the Common People cur'd Hither I refer Sope prepar'd both with the Oil of Olivs of Turneps or of Whales and in like manner dissolvd in Milk and taken 11. 5. I have Observd many Infants born with the Jaundice or the Jaundice soon break forth in them after Birth 12. Seeing from these Observations it is manifest that the Jaundice may be produc'd without an Obstruction of the Passage of Choler it is deservedly askt what is or may be its true Cause 13. That this may be the more happily and easily searchd out I will premise the commonly known Symptoms that indicate the Jaundice instant or present anon I will join some others noted perhaps by few 14. The Compressive Pain therfore of the Heart so call'd most troublesom about the Lower Region of the Stomach is wont more frequently to precede and also to accompany the Jaundice in the beginning Anxieties and obscure Gripes concurring in the Right Hypochondre where both the Bag of Choler and its Passage is 15. The Excrements are usually white or of an Ash colour and not diversly dyed by Choler as at other times yea the Sick have more seldom a motion to go to Stool 16. By and by the Vrin comes obscurely red and colouring a Linnen Cloath dipt in it of a Saffron Colour 17. At length there breaks forth in the Face and Neck and more evidently in the Coat of the Eyes call'd Adnata constituting their White hence through the universal Skin of the Body a Citrine and yellow Colour yea somtimes inclining to an obscure greenness whence it is somtimes call'd the yellow somtimes the black Jaundice 18. When the Jaundice inclines somtimes a great itching is felt in all the Superficies of the Body 19. Among the External Causes I have oft seen the Jaundice bred by the abuse of Spirit of Wine and of other strong Drinks and the Dropsie Ascites succeding for the most part deadly 20. All which being rightly weigh'd I think whether the Obstruction of any Passage of Choler have place or such an Obstruction cannot be feignd that then Choler suffers a notable change by reason of which it is mov'd and carri'd more fiercely and plenteously towards the Blood with which notwithstanding it is less mixt then is wont to be but only confus'd with it and therfore it the easier severs from it and not only joins it self to the Skin and External Parts but to the Muscles also and Bowels and infects and dies them of its own Colour 21. For Choler being as it is naturally is mixt and imbodied not only loosly but most intirely with the Humors occurring both in the small Gut and also in the Right Ventricle of the Heart and that so that it cannot be more separated by them which Union is by reason of its Effervescency instituted in both mentiond places with the Sowr Humor flowing there 22. Because therfore in the Jaundice that most intire conjunction of Choler with the other Humors and according to some parts thereof a Mixture as also that mentiond Effervescency seems to be requir'd if not wholly at least in part hindred let us see wherein the Cause of both these effects yea and the Cause also of the Jaundice may be known what is requir'd in Choler to perfect each Effervescency and what may befall it as to diminish or remove it 23. It is now known to all sorts of Persons that any Effervescency happens between an Acid and Lixivial Salt or that which partakes of a lixivial Salt and in as much as it partakes thereof 24. And whoever shall examine Choler and confuse it as well with Sowr Liquors as with Lixivial Salts of any kind will easily see that Choler concurs to stir up an Effervescency by reason of its Lixivial Salt but much temperd many ways in it least there should be a potent and vehement and so hurtful inslead of a mild and to Nature friendly Effervescency in the Body 25. And if Choler has the esteme of a Lixivial Salt in stirring up an Effervescency let us go farther and see how its Salt may be affected that it becoms less apt for an Effervescency 26. Again it is known by Experience that the purest and so sharpest Lixivial Salt is
of Nitre some drops of it being for some time oft in a day taken in Wine Beer or any other Liquor 11. Choler too salt and sharp may be Cur'd somtimes by Oily somtimes by Viscous somtimes by Spiritous somtimes by Acid Things but more mild which seeing they differ much among themselvs the Physician will need prudence that according to the diversity of the other Humors then being together in the Body the most convenient Medicins be selected and us'd Whence it is no wonder if all Physicians have not always the same success although they use the same Medicins but not at the same time as neither in the same Diseases or Causes whose determination depends on a Practical Judgment rightly administring every Remedy for every Discase in its own time place and measure 12. Choler peccant in Fatness encreasd may be Cur'd both by more temperd Acid and by a more pure Lixivial Salt of Wormwood Carduus c. and a more earthy Crabs-Eyes Coral Shels c. and so by Aromatic but chiefly bitter Plants and by them that are mixt of both Salt of Tartar Vitriolated Salt of Tartar remaining in the Retort after the Spirit of Salt Armoniac is drawn off and getting an excellent Vertue by the conjoind Spirit of that-Salt and such-like 13. III. If the Sick be urg'd in short Intervals by different Symptoms to be deduc'd from Choler and it only and therfore it be very probably conjecturd that Choler is Heterogeneal and Turgid with different parts great endeavour must be made in an auxious and dubious Case that the parts of Choler which harm Man being most declind from their natural state be correcied and amended potently and mildly which is chiefly to be requir'd from the then most urgent Symptoms and somtimes bringing sudden Death in its first second or third access 14. I wish therfore that as many as profess the Divine Name of a Physician that truly Devilish Envy and therfore reproachful to Physicians although in 〈◊〉 manner proper to them being laid aside and supprest would bestow profitable pains in searching out and proposing the true Causes of the more obscure Disscuses daily occurring in Practice for the commen◠good of Mortals For I doubt not but that then many things as yet unknown perhaps to any of the Nature and Usefulness of Choler may by degrees come to light God prospering liberal and ingenious Spirits I at least do here sacredly profess and testifie before God that I have for many years taken pains incredible to the most of Men wherby I might attain to the Nature and Benefits of Choler in Man's Body and most profit both the Sick and then afterwards mine Auditors according to those things which are given me from Above in which my Heart void and free from desiring any vain glory and so quiet and assured of a good event even now rejoyceth in the midst of the many unjust Slanders Contradictions and Calumnies of several CHAP. XLIX Of the Preparation of the Glandulous Lympha in the Conglobated Glandul's deprav'd 1. EXperience confirms that Lymphatic Vessels come from every Conglobated but not so from the Conglomerated Glandul's Wherfore I think that Lympha is prepar'd in them and that partly from the more Acid part of Blood severd in the mentiond Glandul's from the rest of the Mass partly from the Animal Spirits carri'd through the Nervs to Them and mixt with it 2. But although I think the more Acid part of Blood is the chief Matter of Lympha yet do I not think that purely of it self but diluted with Water servs for this use which then I at length call Impure when moreover another part of Blood being mixt meets the same and renders Lympha less Acid or Viscous and somtimes perhaps somwhat Salt 3. For as the Serous part of Blood is naturally Insipid yet in Belgia it is found somwhat Salt in the half perhaps of Men at least as much as I could conceive by tasting the Blood let out of healthy or Sick People so it should not seem a wonder to any if in the same place also different Lympha be prepar'd For an Acid Spirit is very hardly severd from a Lixivial Fixt but more easily from a Volatil Salt such a Volatil Salt I indeed incline to believe is containd in the laudable serous part of Blood out of laudable Choler In which same serous part of Blood I suppose an Acid Spirit occurs to afford Matter for Lympha 4. As therfore the laudable serous part of Blood may be in the Body or the same may be variously chang'd by External Causes Air Food c. or Internal as the Motion of the Mind or Body Watchings c. so also Lympha may be bred out of it somtimes more Sowr somtimes a little Salt somtimes more Diluted and more Watry somtimes more Viscous c. 5. As again the Animal Spirits may be Plenteous o◠Few Pure or Impure in the Body and Their Motion to the Conglobated Glandul's may be Free or Hindred so Lympha may thus far be bred not a little different 6. As lastly the Conglobated Glandul's themselvs may occur in the Body either Whole or several ways ill-affecied even so by the fault of them the Separation both of an Acid Spirit from the Blood or from its Serous part and the Mixing of the same with the Volatil and Animal Spirit may be divers 7. Whence any may see how many ways various kinds of Lympha Vitiated may arise all which to prosecute and reckon in order in a new Matter would be tedious and perhaps impossible 8. Let it therfore suffice for the present that we noted the Fountains of Lympha Vitiated and handle the kinds observd in practice and to have designd the manner of Curing them 9. The Preparation therfore of Glandulous Lympha may be Deprav'd 1. When it is bred more Sparing 2. When more Plenteous 3. When several ways bred with a vitiated quality more or less Sowr then is naturally and somtimes a little Salt or Glutinous and if any more Depravations of Lympha shall be observd at any time 10. Seeing that all Lympha is carri'd through its proper Vessels therfore call'd Lymphatic to wit its Thoracic Trunc so call'd to the Descending Blood and with it to the Right Ventricle of the Heart wherby it may there stir up a Vital Effervescency with the Blood Ascending and died with Choler I even now suppose that Lympha is requir'd to be in a notable quantity and somwhat sowr 11. This Quantity of Lympha ought to answer in due proportion to its opposite wherby a laudable Effervescency may arise whence if the quantity of Lympha be greater Choler will be opprest and a less and weak Effervescency will arise and the Pulse will thus far be felt less but if otherwise the quantity of Lympha be less Choler will then be more essicacious and the Effervescency of Blood greater and the Pulse will thus far be felt greater 12. That which the greater natural quantity
Amended by a long and sparing use of Medicins that correct a Serous Humor like it in our Body and all over describ'd by me both in the former Chap. 51. Sect. 27. and elswhere as also by abstaining from salted Food and hastening the Cure of a Stoppage in the Head if there be any least more evils succede it neglected 33. If the Juice of the Pancreas be bred Tart which the frequent Hypochondriac Suffocation with fear of being Strangled as also the Vomiting of Tart Humors argues he must Abstain 1. from farther use of Tart Fruits or Medicins 2. All occasions of exceding Sorrow and grievous Terror are to be Shund yea the Mind is to be fenc'd and confirmd and governd against those Injuries Lastly 3. Volatil and especially Aromatic Salts are to be us'd frequently and that in a small quantity to iv v or vi drops in a spoonful of Wine seeing that there is nothing hitherto that I know of As also his Oily Volatil Salt which he never prescribes in a Mixture because it was not then exposd to public Sale doth so potently effectually and speedily amend and correct a Tart Humor in Man as any Volatil but chiefly Aromatic Salt which I having exceding many times experienc'd happily do here testifie and intirely commend to all Younger Physicians that need my faithful Information 34. If the Juice of the Pancreas be made ill-savourd by Matter in it mixt with it an exact and long continu'd endeavour must be us'd that the Vlcer left in the Pancreas after an Aposteme may at length be wholly Cur'd by taking daily Diaphoretic Antimony Mineral Bezoard or any other more effectual and fixt Medicin made of Antimony Whose Magisterie Elixir or Quint-essence if it could be had will do wonderful things although they seem incredible to the most of Men not only in this dangerous and hard to be cur'd Evil but even such-like found somtimes in the other Bowels also 35. The Colour of the Juice of the Pancreas chang'd by Blood mixt with it may be Cur d by the Consolidation of the Vessels of Blood corroded by a sharp acid Humor by the fore-mentiond excellent Medicins that may be made especially of Antimony which also correct and temper all Acrimony of Humors and do much more benefit then the slothful company of those that Hate Chymistry can conceive or admit in their Mind blinded with Prejudices For whom let us seriously pray that at length they may have a sound Mind in a sound Body so long as at least that happens to be healthful to them 36. If the Juice be bred more Glutinous in the Pancreas that depravation may be corrected by a continual and continu'd use of more sharp Aromatics as also of any Volatil Salts and somtimes also of somwhat-Acid more Spiritous Salts or artificially prepar'd and elaborated with Spiritous Liquors which also they that hate Chymistry being ignorant do discommend And because I have oft mentiond and describ'd such before I remit the diligent and worthy Students of Physic thither CHAP. LIV. Of the Motion of the Juice of the Pancreas and its Effervescency with Choler deprav'd 1. I Suppose the Juice of the Pancreas is continually separated in its Glandul's from the Mass of Blood and is farther elaborated and perfected with the Animal Spirits and moves into the greater and at length the middle Passage and hence into the Cavity of the small Gut 2. This Motion of the Juice of the Pancreas through the less greater and greatest Passage to the Cavity of the thin Gut may be deprav'd several ways and that somtimes according to the whole Mass of the Juice somtimes according to some part of it only whilst there is either None or it procedes more slowly and difficultly or more speedily because more easily 3. I suppose the Motion of the Juice of the Pancreas through its Passages to the small Gut is either seldom or never wholly deficient Which will only come to pass if it may happen from an Obstruction of the greatest and middle Passage by most glutinous Phlegm sticking and in like manner coagulated and fastned about its Orifice which can scarce remain there for a space but would anon be loosend by the Juice perpetually coming or the Sick be cast into present danger of Life to which unexpected Death may not often follow what prudent Man will deny or by accurat observation in a Dead Body and made before-hand by this Passage will rashly affirm 4. I indeed remember that I have somtimes seen glutinous and plenteous Phlegm sticking and adhering in this Passage and not easily giving place or to be remov'd thence 5. None who have red those things with an attentive Mind which I concluded in Chap. 30. Sect. 61 c. of this Book according to Experience and being to make tryal shall recal the same things to experience by his own Sences can well deny that some part of the Juice of the Pancreas is oft hindred wholly at least for a season in its Motion through the less and side-Passages to the middle and greatest Passage because of an Obstruction risen by Viscous Phlegm growing together in them 6. When the Juice of the Pancreas is stopt after the same manner in certain Passages then any may see it is all mov'd more sparingly to the small Gut 7. The Juice of the Pancreas may be mov'd more difficultly and therfore slowly also through its Passages to the small Gut as oft as it is more glutinous of which we spake in the former Chapter 8. The same may be mov'd more easily and so swiftly when it is more Watry and Fluid then is wont to be a Cause of which may be much watry and diuretical drink such as Volatil Salts and many Mineral Waters the Spaw Swalbats c. Whence a Loosness also so frequent most commonly beneficial seldom hurtful to the Sick is perhaps to be deduc'd amongst other of their admirable effects in as much as they hasten not only through the Kidneys to the Bladder but also through the Pancreas to the small Gut nor do they only render the Juice of the Pancreas more fluid but also make it less sowr or tart the most frequent cause of a slow and costive Body wherfore the Excrements are also easily diluted and Choler it self is hastned more then usual to its descent 9. If at any time a Physician suspect that most plenteous glutinous Phlegm doth not only abound in the Body but that much of the same is carri'd every whither and so to the Pancreas so that there is fear that the middle and common Passage of the Pancreas not only may be but is obstructed wholly by it by reason of extreme Anguish suddenly affecting the Sick I cannot then think that an Acid Spirit especially of Nitre as the most piercing but mixt with strong Wine or its Spirit will then be ill us'd to remove such an evil wherby the noted Obstruction may not only be Opend but moreover the defect of the Juice
taken in the Urin that is wont to be first and a little after voided is observd Watry and insipid not only in Colour but also in Tast as that which coms away after the Fermentation of Food in the Stomach absolvd is not only of a more or less yellow Colour but moreover Salt 14. And as this Watry Colour follows the taking in of Drink chiefly Diuretical lately us'd in a notable quantity and is Non-natural so the like is observd in the beginning of Continual Fevers and of the Fits of Intermitting Fevers and it is then Praeter-natural denoting a Crudity that is a more intire mixing of the parts of Blood and an hindred Separation or the Salt Parts with the Urin the Cause of which is a sharper Vital Effervescency by reason of an exceding Acrimony of the Humors flowing together and too much thickning all the parts of Blood the Watry excepted This is evident chiefly by the Fits of Intermitting Fevers most commonly raisd with troublesom Cold And seeing that Cold is bred in our Body by an Acid Humor the same must of necessity be carri'd to the Heart to breed an Intermitting Fever and so trouble the Vital Effervescency there so that the Pulse becoms not only less and weaker which depends on the Blood too much coagulated by an Acidity exceding but all the parts of Blood are more intirely mixt together and do then only dismiss the watry part from themselvs into the Kidneys the other especially Salt parts remaining in its Mass so long till by little and little at least in part the Acid Humor being overcomd or the same flowing to the Heart in less plenty or more temperd the Vital Effervescency is restor'd and Choler more potent or plenteous over-rules it on which depends the more loosend union of the Humors and anon more easie and plenteous yea somtimes over-separation of those that are Salt like Pickle 15. From which the Nature and true Cause of a so much mentiond Crudity in Physic yea Manner wherby it is most commonly bred becoms more manifest and moreover the Nature true Cause and Manner of a so much wanted Concoction how it is absolvd is not a little illustrated which I will endeavour now to explain in a few words this occasion being offerd 16. Physicians understand the Crudity and Concoction of Humors constituting the Mass of Blood or mixt with it when concernd about them in the examining and Curing of Acute Diseases especially and that it may be to their wish they so greatly and deservedly desire the Concoction of the Humors For when the Blood is infected and ill-affected immediatly or by Humors coming between containd in the Body without the Mass of Blood as Choler the Juice of the Pancreas Lympha and Phlegm then the vital Effervescency peculiar to it is alterd likewise and vitiated and indeed so that forthwith the natural and loosend confusion of the Humors that continually flow together to the Heart with the Blood is more or less troubled whether they be more closly and intirely or more loosly and less intirely then joind to it 17. But when the other Humors are more intirely and closly joind to the Blood then is wont then Vrin coms forth more Watry and having less of Colour and of the other things Containd which they call Crude that is testifiers of Crudity 18. And after the Vrin is again voided more Colourd and carrying in it more of the things Containd it is lik'd and call'd Concocted to wit signifying it more or less begun or promoted which coms to pass when the noted Humors as excrementitious and first more closely and intirely united to the Blood are again by degrees Separated from the same and in part Voided together with the Urin which is good and profitable to Man as the other was evil and hurtful For according to Nature and in an healthy State an Orange-colourd Tincture at least is given to Urin but no thing Containd is found in Urin unless some Error be committed in Diet or the Constitution of the Party decline more or less from the perfect state of Health 19. If any weigh with an attentive mind all the Humors that are to be confus'd with the Blood as also the proper qualities of every one he will comply and say with us that the more close Vnion of them with the Blood procâ—des from an Acid Humor and therfore the Juice of the Pancreas or Lympha ill affected on the contrary their more loosend union with the Blood and so solution of a more close union is to be hop'd for and expected from a Lixivial and chiefly Volatil and so bitter Salt and therfore Choler more potent and bearing sway 20. How true yea most true are these things which I have now said daily Experience confirms seeing any that searches may know those things that cast Healthy People into several Diseases and encrease them and on the contrary restore lost Health to the Sick that that Concoction in the Blood is hindred by the force of Acid things endu'd with an Acidity exceding and that the same is promoted and obtaind by help of Aromatics and in special the Bitter or of Volatil Salts more temperd 21. By reason of its Colour Vrin is oft observd 2. Red which if it be Thin beside arises from an exceding heat that is in the Blood a little and only the most Volatil part of Gall being mixt with the Vrin the Separation of the Salt and Excrementitious Parts of Blood and the Excretion necessary to begin and absolv the fore-mentiond Concoction being hindred For although then Choler bear sway over the other Humors which is evident by the exceding Heat of the Body yet has it not a quiet but turbulent rule because a sharper and preternatural Effervescency is stird up in the Heart more intirely uniting the flowing Humors together and with the Blood 22. The same red Vrin if also thick in Burning Fevers as well Continual as Intermitting procedes from the more plenteous Separation of the Salt or other Excrementitious Parts whether first Corrupted by the rest of the Mass of Blood in a preternatural Effervescency and from their Excretion with watry parts and so from a begun Concoction which coms to pass as oft as what way soever the somwhat contrary Humors Sowr and Salt or Bitter that are wont to produce a vital Effervescency in the Blood and Heart are contemperd at least in part whence the Effervescency which was before sharper becoms now more mild and the Salt parts which were before more closely united to the Blood do now again by degrees depart from it and they which are now Effervescent are more loosly united together and with the Blood till at length the Universal Blood and all the Humors that are to arise from it and to flow together again to it are restord by little to their former and laudable Constitution and the lost Health of Man may be repaird after a while 23. Vrin of an obscure Red and somwhat