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that_o now_o in_o this_o learned_a and_o inquisitive_a age_n they_o have_v at_o last_o find_v out_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a philosophy_n they_o do_v now_o perceive_v the_o intimate_a essence_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o have_v discover_v nature_n in_o all_o her_o work_n and_o can_v tell_v you_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o every_o effect_n from_o the_o sole_a principle_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n if_o you_o will_v believe_v they_o they_o can_v inform_v you_o exact_o how_o god_n make_v the_o world_n for_o they_o do_v now_o comprehend_v the_o great_a mystery_n in_o nature_n and_o understand_v and_o oeconomy_n of_o live_a body_n nay_o they_o understand_v also_o very_o exact_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o soul_n how_o it_o think_v and_o by_o what_o method_n it_o operate_v on_o the_o body_n and_o the_o body_n on_o it_o these_o indeed_o be_v great_a discovery_n and_o may_v well_o demand_v our_o esteem_n and_o admiration_n if_o they_o be_v real_a but_o that_o we_o may_v see_v how_o well_o 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must_v confess_v that_o the_o often_o i_o read_v his_o long_a illustration_n on_o this_o point_n i_o understand_v it_o the_o less_o and_o i_o know_v as_o little_o how_o i_o have_v my_o idea_n as_o i_o do_v before_o if_o he_o have_v tell_v i_o that_o the_o soul_n see_v its_o idea_n under_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o moon_n orb_n where_o they_o say_v plato_n place_v they_o i_o can_v have_v have_v some_o sort_n of_o confuse_a notion_n of_o that_o manner_n of_o see_v but_o this_o manner_n of_o see_v idea_n be_v far_o beyond_o my_o imagination_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o i_o can_v neither_o see_v the_o idea_n of_o it_o in_o god_n or_o any_o where_o else_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v not_o so_o courageous_o resist_v my_o sense_n as_o that_o philosopher_n advise_v as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v such_o a_o solid_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n the_o same_o philosopher_n affirm_v that_o body_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v neither_o hear_v see_v smell_v nor_o taste_v and_o when_o for_o 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still_o there_o remain_v the_o final_a cause_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o which_o will_v do_v as_o well_o for_o our_o purpose_n for_o if_o i_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v as_o useful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o they_o be_v now_o to_o we_o and_o that_o in_o our_o present_a state_n they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a not_o only_o for_o our_o well_o be_v but_o also_o for_o our_o bare_a subsistence_n i_o think_v from_o thence_o it_o will_v demonstrative_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o well_o as_o in_o we_o and_o therefore_o the_o groundless_a assertion_n of_o the_o theorist_n that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a be_v as_o false_a as_o it_o be_v bold_a and_o dare_a i_o know_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o man_n in_o this_o age_n who_o have_v exclude_v all_o final_a cause_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o philosopher_n as_o be_v unworthy_a of_o his_o enquiry_n 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thing_n in_o nature_n have_v its_o use_n and_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n serviceable_a to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a they_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o concern_v the_o usefulness_n of_o final_a cause_n may_v consult_v mr._n boyle_n of_o final_a cause_n mr._n ray_n wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o some_o late_a ingenious_a essay_n upon_o the_o nature_n and_o evidence_n of_o faith_n by_o dr._n cockburn_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o a_o strange_a and_o presume_a boldness_n in_o the_o theorist_n to_o assert_v that_o mountain_n be_v place_v in_o no_o order_n one_o with_o another_o that_o can_v either_o respect_n use_n or_o beauty_n and_o that_o if_o they_o be_v single_o consider_v they_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o any_o proportion_n of_o part_n that_o be_v referable_a to_o any_o design_n or_o have_v the_o least_o footstep_n of_o art_n or_o counsel_n notwithstanding_o this_o strange_a assertion_n i_o be_o sure_a if_o we_o be_v without_o these_o shapeless_a and_o ill_o figure_v old_a rock_n and_o mountain_n as_o he_o call_v they_o we_o shall_v soon_o find_v the_o want_n of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o subsist_v or_o live_v without_o they_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o use_n they_o may_v have_v in_o the_o production_n of_o various_a plant_n and_o metal_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o mankind_n and_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complete_a whole_a and_o the_o food_n which_o they_o yield_v to_o several_a animal_n which_o be_v design_v by_o nature_n to_o live_v upon_o they_o the_o high_a hill_n be_v a_o refuge_n for_o the_o wild_a goat_n and_o the_o rock_n for_o the_o coney_n and_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o end_n they_o serve_v for_o in_o direct_v the_o inland_a wind_n and_o alter_v the_o weather_n in_o fence_v and_o bound_a empire_n and_o country_n in_o all_o which_o without_o doubt_n they_o do_v we_o very_o considerable_a service_n there_o be_v moreover_o one_o great_a and_o universal_a use_n which_o make_v they_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o mankind_n for_o without_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a we_o shall_v have_v no_o river_n nor_o fresh_a current_n of_o water_n and_o consequent_o we_o shall_v want_v one_o of_o the_o great_a support_n of_o life_n this_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mathematician_n and_o philosopher_n mr._n edmund_n halley_n have_v effectual_o prove_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n where_o he_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o spring_n and_o river_n from_o vapour_n 192._o that_o be_v raise_v copious_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v over_o the_o low_a land_n to_o the_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o air_n to_o mount_v up_o with_o it_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o present_o precipitate_v gleet_v down_o by_o the_o cranny_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n enter_v into_o the_o cavern_n of_o those_o hill_n the_o water_n thereof_o gather_v as_o in_o a_o alembick_a into_o the_o bason_n of_o stone_n it_o find_v which_o be_v once_o fill_v all_o the_o overplus_n of_o water_n that_o come_v thither_o run_v over_o by_o the_o low_a place_n and_o break_v out_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n form_n single_a spring_n many_o of_o these_o run_v down_o by_o the_o valley_n or_o gut_n between_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o come_v to_o unite_v form_n little_a rivulet_n or_o brook_n many_o of_o these_o again_o meet_v in_o one_o common_a valley_n and_o gain_v the_o plain_a ground_n be_v grow_v less_o rapid_a become_v a_o river_n and_o many_o of_o these_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a channel_n make_v such_o stream_n as_o the_o rhine_n the_o rhone_n and_o the_o danube_n which_o last_v one_o will_v hardly_o think_v the_o collection_n of_o water_n condense_v out_o of_o vapour_n unless_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a a_o tract_n of_o ground_n that_o river_n drain_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o spring_n which_o break_v out_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n &_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o immense_a ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n which_o be_v one_o continue_a chain_n of_o mountain_n from_o switzerland_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o may_v almost_o pass_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o river_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o it_o evacuate_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o length_n and_o height_n of_o the_o ridge_n from_o whence_o its_o fountain_n arise_v all_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a for_o that_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o serve_v all_o the_o river_n the_o same_o ingenious_a mr._n halley_n have_v demonstrate_v by_o calculation_n but_o it_o be_v also_o demonstrable_a that_o these_o vapour_n be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a 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writer_n of_o hydrostaticks_n that_o a_o sphere_n who_o centre_n of_o gravity_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n if_o put_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o itself_o will_v retain_v any_o give_a position_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o earth_n gravity_n or_o equilibration_n why_o the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_fw-la shall_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a rather_o than_o any_o other_o of_o its_o diameter_n chap._n v._o of_o river_n the_o theorist_n have_v represent_v to_o we_o the_o first_o earth_n as_o a_o smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a body_n without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o start_v a_o great_a difficulty_n how_o it_o be_v water_v from_o what_o cause_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n how_o can_v fountain_n rise_v or_o river_n flow_v in_o a_o earth_n of_o that_o form_n and_o nature_n he_o 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of_o the_o first_o earth_n but_o as_o the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a and_o as_o one_o will_v think_v insuperable_a so_o no_o doubt_n the_o glory_n that_o redound_v to_o the_o theorist_n must_v be_v nothing_o less_o if_o they_o be_v clear_o take_v away_o to_o understand_v therefore_o what_o the_o state_n of_o the_o primitive_a river_n and_o water_n will_v be_v he_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v and_o examine_v how_o the_o rain_n fall_v in_o the_o first_o earth_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o a_o will_v be_v very_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o can_v be_v no_o violent_a motion_n there_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o proceed_v from_o extremity_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n snow_n or_o hail_n and_o as_o for_o wind_n they_o can_v neither_o be_v impetuous_a nor_o irregular_a in_o that_o earth_n of_o he_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mountain_n nor_o any_o other_o inequality_n to_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n nor_o any_o unequal_a season_n nor_o unequal_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o for_o water_n meteor_n dew_n and_o rain_n there_o can_v not_o but_o be_v plenty_n of_o these_o in_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o that_o earth_n for_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o raise_v vapour_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o very_o constant_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o moist_a and_o soft_a and_o according_a as_o it_o grow_v more_o dry_a the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v pierce_v more_o deep_a into_o it_o and_o reach_v at_o length_n the_o great_a abyss_n which_o lie_v underneath_o and_o be_v a_o unexhausted_a storehouse_n of_o new_a vapour_n now_o the_o same_o heat_n which_o extract_v these_o vapour_n so_o copious_o will_v also_o hinder_v they_o from_o condense_v into_o rain_n in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n or_o contrary_a wind_n or_o any_o such_o cause_n to_o stop_v or_o compress_v they_o they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n where_o they_o be_v least_o resist_v which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o east_n and_o west_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o as_o warm_v a_o air_n and_o vapour_n as_o much_o agitate_a as_o themselves_o which_o therefore_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o their_o progress_n that_o way_n but_o north_n and_o south_n they_o will_v find_v a_o more_o easy_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o concourse_n of_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v chiefty_a about_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o the_o extreme_a part_n or_o the_o pole_n when_o these_o vapour_n thus_o drive_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o cool_a region_n near_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n for_o want_v there_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o agitation_n namely_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n their_o motion_n will_v soon_o begin_v to_o languish_v and_o they_o will_v fall_v close_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o he_o think_v he_o have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a source_n for_o water_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n which_o will_v never_o fail_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o overflow_v but_o though_o he_o esteem_v this_o a_o inexhaustible_a store-house_n and_o a_o easy_a way_n to_o furnish_v water_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v narrow_o examine_v he_o will_v find_v it_o not_o in_o the_o least_o sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n for_o first_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o the_o sun_n have_v crack_v the_o outward_a crust_n thereof_o and_o its_o heat_n have_v reach_v the_o great_a abyss_n which_o the_o theorist_n must_v needs_o own_o will_v require_v a_o very_a considerable_a space_n of_o time_n one_o will_v think_v it_o will_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o year_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v perform_v such_o a_o effect_n during_o all_o 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sun_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v by_o its_o heat_n to_o be_v a_o 1_o 10000_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v exceed_v 2600_o square_a mile_n which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o theorist_n can_v reasonable_o allow_v they_o for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o continue_a crack_n round_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o a_o mile_n breadth_n it_o will_v not_o exceed_v 25000._o mile_n 2_o dly_z i_o will_v suppose_v with_o the_o theorist_n that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n be_v land_n and_o the_o other_o be_v sea_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o mouth_n of_o those_o pit_n or_o crack_n must_v be_v one_o five_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o now_o ocean_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a
air_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v any_o such_o effect_n for_o if_o the_o air_n make_v real_o any_o alteration_n in_o the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n it_o will_v produce_v a_o quite_o contrary_a effect_n than_o what_o be_v observe_v for_o pendulum_n near_o the_o aequator_fw-la will_v move_v fast_o than_o they_o will_v do_v in_o place_n of_o great_a latitude_n the_o air_n in_o the_o one_o place_n be_v more_o rarify_v be_v much_o thin_a and_o fine_a than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o give_v less_o resistance_n to_o body_n which_o move_v in_o it_o in_o this_o reason_n we_o have_v suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o fluid_n as_o the_o theorist_n have_v do_v before_o we_o but_o if_o we_o will_v put_v the_o case_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o partly_o fluid_a and_o partly_o dry_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a yet_o because_o we_o find_v that_o the_o land_n be_v very_o near_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n with_o the_o sea_n only_o raise_v a_o little_a high_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v overflow_v compose_v with_o it_o the_o same_o solid_a and_o i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spheroidical_a and_o not_o spherical_a there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o land_n be_v form_v into_o the_o same_o figure_n by_o its_o wise_a creator_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o then_o will_v the_o land_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v be_v overflow_v with_o water_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v must_v have_v be_v high_a at_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o the_o sea_n will_v rise_v there_o and_o spread_v itself_o like_o a_o inundation_n upon_o all_o the_o land_n but_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o spheroidical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v we_o consider_v some_o of_o the_o other_o planet_n especial_o jupiter_n who_o turn_v round_o his_o own_o axis_n in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o hour_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v observe_v that_o his_o axis_n be_v considerable_o short_a than_o the_o diameter_n of_o his_o aequator_fw-la and_o that_o in_o the_o proportion_n of_o seven_o to_o eight_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o mr._n flamstead_n and_o mons._n casini_n do_v testify_v and_o therefore_o we_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v a_o planet_n like_o the_o rest_n and_o turn_v round_o its_o axis_n as_o they_o do_v be_v of_o the_o same_o figure_n but_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o latin_a edition_n of_o the_o theory_n as_o also_o in_o his_o answer_n to_o mr_n warren_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v that_o the_o only_a way_n to_o find_v the_o true_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o measure_v of_o it_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o find_v what_o proportion_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o different_a latitude_n have_v to_o one_o another_o for_o if_o they_o be_v exact_o equal_v one_o to_o another_o and_o also_o equal_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n count_v upon_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o without_o doubt_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v spherical_a but_o if_o otherwise_o spheroidical_a now_o though_o i_o have_v already_o determine_v the_o earth_n figure_n from_o other_o principle_n yet_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o theorist_n in_o this_o point_n i_o will_v give_v he_o a_o account_n of_o a_o book_n who_o extract_n i_o have_v see_v in_o the_o acta_fw-la eruditorum_fw-la lipsiae_fw-la publicata_fw-la for_o the_o year_n 1691._o write_v by_o one_o joh._n casp_n eisenschmidt_n a_o german_n who_o call_v himself_o doctor_n of_o philosophy_n and_o physic_n the_o title_n of_o the_o book_n be_v diatrihe_n de_fw-fr figura_fw-la telluris_fw-la elliprico-sphaeroide_a and_o it_o be_v print_v at_o strasburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1691._o the_o learned_a and_o deep-thinking_a author_n of_o this_o book_n after_o he_o have_v answer_v at_o least_o have_v endeavour_v to_o answer_v the_o argument_n of_o 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49½°_n 73½_n snellius_n 52°_n 71⅓_n from_o this_o he_o conclude_v that_o a_o plane_n cut_v the_o earth_n along_o its_o axis_n will_v not_o be_v a_o circle_n but_o a_o ellipsis_n who_o long_a axis_n will_v pass_v through_o the_o pole_n and_o coincide_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o its_o lesser_a axis_n will_v be_v the_o common_a section_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la with_o the_o ellipsis_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o infer_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o of_o a_o spherical_a but_o a_o oblong_o spheroidical_a figure_n after_o that_o he_o dispute_v against_o mr._n newtons_n hypothesis_n which_o make_v the_o earth_n of_o a_o direct_a contrary_a figure_n and_o think_v that_o the_o accurate_a observation_n by_o he_o relate_v be_v by_o far_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o hypothesis_n upon_o which_o mr._n newtons_n calculus_fw-la be_v ground_v so_o far_o be_v this_o argument_n draw_v from_o observation_n from_o destroy_a mr._n newtons_n hypothesis_n that_o it_o will_v most_o 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the_o earth_n have_v make_v great_a discovery_n and_o proceed_v on_o more_o philosophical_a principle_n than_o all_o the_o theorist_n before_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o theory_n there_o be_v some_o very_a strange_a co-incident_n which_o make_v it_o indeed_o probable_a that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n pass_v by_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o exact_a correspondence_n between_o the_o lunar_a and_o solar_a year_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o a_o circular_a orbit_n in_o which_o the_o earth_n move_v before_o the_o deluge_n it_o can_v but_o raise_v admiration_n in_o we_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v in_o its_o perihelion_n which_o will_v be_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o a_o comet_n that_o pass_v by_o at_o that_o time_n in_o draw_v it_o from_o a_o circular_a to_o a_o elliptical_a orbit_n this_o together_o with_o the_o consideration_n that_o the_o moon_n be_v exact_o in_o such_o a_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n at_o that_o time_n as_o equal_o attract_v with_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o comet_n pass_v by_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convince_a argument_n that_o a_o comet_n real_o come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o day_n the_o deluge_n begin_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v evident_a by_o the_o follow_a consideration_n that_o a_o comet_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v those_o various_a effect_n that_o mr._n whiston_n have_v attribute_v to_o it_o and_o it_o will_v also_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v the_o immediate_a work_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o that_o no_o secondary_a cause_n without_o the_o interposition_n of_o omnipotence_n can_v have_v bring_v such_o a_o effect_n to_o pass_v but_o first_o i_o will_v make_v some_o remark_n on_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o method_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v it_o be_v form_v mr._n whiston_n first_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a chaos_n the_o origin_n of_o our_o earth_n be_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n but_o this_o supposition_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a argument_n do_v not_o seem_v probable_a for_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o scripture_n represent_v the_o primitive_a ancient_a chaos_n as_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o obscure_a body_n for_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o verse_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v light_n upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v none_o before_o that_o time_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a chaos_n be_v original_o a_o dark_a and_o confuse_a heap_n of_o body_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v make_v any_o observation_n about_o comet_n that_o their_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o bright_a and_o luminous_a fluid_n through_o which_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n diffuse_v themselves_o very_o free_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v again_o reflect_v back_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o pellucidness_n and_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o light_n which_o pass_v through_o they_o without_o reflection_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o shall_v appear_v so_o lucid_a to_o our_o eye_n nor_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v among_o all_o the_o pellucid_a body_n of_o our_o earth_n any_o one_o which_o be_v place_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o we_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o comet_n be_v will_v appear_v so_o bright_a or_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o strong_o as_o they_o do_v for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v not_o so_o luminous_a nor_o do_v they_o reflect_v light_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v reflect_v from_o opake_v body_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o light_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v a_o comet_n be_v only_o reflect_v from_o the_o top_n of_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o illuminate_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v therefore_o involve_v in_o thick_a darkness_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o light_n pass_v clear_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o illuminate_v the_o central_a solid_a which_o strong_o reflect_v the_o light_n to_o we_o back_o again_o i_o know_v mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o this_o great_a darkness_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n proceed_v from_o the_o subside_v of_o the_o vast_a dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a or_o large_a abyss_n which_o he_o say_v encompass_v the_o central_a solid_a and_o be_v itself_o cover_v over_o
i_o confess_v seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o very_a wonderful_a and_o unaccountable_a effect_n and_o not_o at_o all_o proportional_a to_o its_o cause_n but_o if_o he_o will_v suppose_v that_o it_o be_v real_o so_o i_o need_v not_o argue_v much_o against_o it_o since_o i_o be_o sure_a such_o a_o supposition_n must_v necessary_o allow_v the_o sun_n to_o have_v be_v at_o that_o time_n visible_a mr._n whiston_n three_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o commence_v till_o after_o the_o fall_n so_o that_o till_o that_o time_n day_n and_o year_n be_v exact_o equal_a and_o the_o same_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o other_o motion_n but_o its_o annual_a one_o round_a the_o sun_n all_o the_o world_n will_v have_v for_o one_o half_a of_o the_o year_n a_o continual_a day_n and_o for_o the_o other_o a_o continual_a night_n here_o i_o must_v free_o own_v myself_o to_o be_v one_o of_o those_o reader_n to_o who_o mr._n whiston_n say_v this_o assertion_n will_v appear_v one_o of_o the_o great_a of_o paradox_n for_o when_o i_o consider_v the_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a cold_a that_o must_v be_v occasion_v on_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o total_a absence_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o one_o half_a year_n together_o i_o think_v that_o it_o will_v be_v so_o excessive_o great_a as_o that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v impossible_a to_o be_v endure_v by_o creature_n make_v of_o flesh_n and_o blood_n we_o be_v extreme_o sensible_a of_o the_o great_a cold_a we_o sustain_v by_o have_v our_o night_n in_o the_o winter_n sixteen_o hour_n long_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v nothing_o to_o what_o it_o will_v be_v be_v the_o sun_n for_o half_a a_o year_n together_o absent_a from_o we_o how_o cold_a and_o uncomfortable_a a_o darkness_n must_v that_o have_v be_v in_o which_o our_o first_o parent_n pass_v the_o one_o half_a of_o their_o paradisaical_a life_n when_o in_o the_o other_o half_o they_o must_v have_v be_v scorch_v and_o roast_v with_o the_o immense_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shine_v on_o they_o continual_o for_o as_o long_o a_o time_n as_o they_o be_v before_o in_o the_o dark_a this_o heat_n in_o my_o opinion_n will_v have_v quite_o wither_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n which_o be_v then_o design_v to_o be_v the_o food_n of_o mankind_n it_o will_v have_v force_v our_o first_o parent_n to_o seek_v for_o shelter_n in_o den_n and_o cave_n which_o will_v have_v be_v in_o such_o a_o state_n more_o convenient_a than_o the_o garden_n of_o eden_n and_o it_o will_v have_v be_v altogether_o as_o unsupportable_a as_o the_o former_a cold_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o such_o a_o state_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v agreeable_a with_o that_o happy_a and_o pleasant_a paradisiacal_a life_n which_o our_o first_o parent_n be_v say_v to_o have_v lead_v in_o their_o state_n of_o innocency_n that_o the_o legend-maker_n and_o poet_n think_v it_o a_o fit_a representation_n of_o hell_n and_o its_o torment_n than_o of_o that_o state_n of_o happiness_n some_o of_o they_o have_v feign_v that_o there_o be_v ghost_n bring_v from_o hell_n on_o purpose_n to_o inform_v we_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o damn_a consist_v in_o their_o be_v drive_v from_o extreme_a hot_a place_n to_o extreme_a cold_a one_o there_o be_v one_o very_a convince_a argument_n against_o this_o supposition_n arise_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o animal_n who_o blood_n and_o other_o liquor_n that_o run_v in_o their_o body_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v two_o such_o opposite_n as_o the_o extreme_a heat_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n while_o it_o shine_v for_o one_o half_a year_n without_o intermission_n on_o the_o same_o place_n and_o the_o extreme_a cold_a that_o must_v arise_v through_o his_o absence_n for_o the_o same_o time_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o these_o animal_n liquor_n be_v of_o such_o a_o constitution_n and_o internal_a heat_n as_o not_o to_o be_v freeze_v by_o a_o extreme_a cold_a yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o must_v evaporate_v and_o be_v exhale_v by_o the_o extreme_a heat_n that_o come_v after_o it_o in_o the_o day_n time_n or_o if_o they_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v such_o a_o extreme_a heat_n without_o evaporation_n then_o without_o doubt_n they_o can_v not_o preserve_v themselves_o from_o freeze_a in_o a_o extreme_a cold_n which_o they_o must_v have_v suffer_v in_o such_o a_o winter_n or_o half_a a_o year_n night_n i_o know_v there_o be_v animal_n which_o live_v near_o the_o fire_n and_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v a_o extraordinary_a heat_n as_o there_o be_v other_o that_o live_v near_o the_o pole_n and_o in_o very_o cold_a climate_n but_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a there_o can_v be_v any_o such_o that_o can_v live_v both_o in_o excessive_a heat_n and_o excessive_a cold_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o ever_o they_o can_v endure_v two_o such_o opposite_a extreme_n though_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a press_a difficulty_n against_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o that_o i_o think_v as_o insolvable_a arise_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a determinate_a degree_n of_o heat_n necessary_a for_o the_o production_n and_o vegetation_n of_o most_o herb_n and_o for_o the_o ripen_n of_o their_o seed_n so_o that_o a_o less_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v never_o bring_v the_o plant_n to_o perfection_n and_o a_o great_a will_v quite_o wither_v it_o before_o its_o seed_n can_v be_v ripen_v and_o fit_a for_o the_o production_n of_o a_o new_a plant_n of_o the_o same_o species_n it_o be_v easy_o observable_a how_o great_a difficulty_n there_o be_v and_o how_o much_o pain_n must_v be_v take_v by_o hot_a bed_n and_o other_o artificial_a help_n to_o raise_v plant_n in_o this_o climate_n which_o be_v transplant_v hither_o from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n but_o this_o difficulty_n proceed_v no_o doubt_n from_o the_o want_n of_o such_o a_o due_a influence_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o production_n of_o these_o plant_n so_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o heat_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o own_o proper_a soil_n and_o that_o which_o they_o participate_v of_o here_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o perfection_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v this_o alteration_n to_o be_v some_o hundred_o of_o time_n great_a than_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n we_o shall_v conclude_v it_o impossible_a for_o any_o such_o plant_n to_o grow_v with_o so_o little_a a_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o must_v have_v be_v the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o plant_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n at_o first_o before_o the_o diurnal_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n begin_v they_o sustain_v a_o degree_n of_o heat_n some_o hundred_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o great_a heat_n we_o have_v in_o summer_n but_o after_o the_o earth_n begin_v to_o turn_v round_o its_o axis_n the_o heat_n and_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o they_o come_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n and_o tenor_n that_o it_o be_v of_o at_o present_a but_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o that_o all_o plant_n and_o herb_n require_v a_o certain_a determinate_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o influence_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o as_o a_o much_o great_a heat_n will_v wither_v they_o so_o less_o will_v never_o bring_v they_o to_o perfection_n on_o which_o account_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v natural_o impossible_a that_o ever_o any_o of_o these_o plant_n who_o nature_n and_o constitution_n be_v fit_v for_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n before_o the_o commencement_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a rotation_n can_v ever_o be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n after_o it_o begin_v to_o turn_v round_o its_o axis_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n by_o which_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v be_v very_o much_o less_o than_o before_o if_o therefore_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n till_o after_o the_o fall_n and_o if_o then_o only_o it_o begin_v to_o turn_v round_o its_o own_o axis_n there_o must_v have_v be_v such_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a change_n and_o alteration_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a introduce_v by_o this_o new_a rotation_n as_o will_v necessary_o require_v new_a species_n of_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n of_o different_a nature_n from_o the_o former_a one_o which_o will_v better_o agree_v with_o the_o new_a rotation_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v god_n almighty_n must_v have_v create_v new_a and_o different_a set_v of_o plant_n or_o at_o least_o have_v quite_o alter_v and_o change_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o old_a one_o which_o we_o can_v hardly_o imagine_v to_o be_v do_v it_o be_v on_o the_o account_n of_o these_o