there can be but one form of one thing so the Principle containing that Form can be but one Therefore the Seed of Man is but one For being simple and indivisible in its Form it cannot be composed of two which it would be if it should proceed from the Male and the Female Subtil Exercit. 268. Several other Arguments he adds in the same place by which he does not only deny all forming Power in the female Seed but refuses to acknowledg the Seed it self nor will he seem to allow it any ministerial Function Scaliger's Arguments are very weighty so that I easily agree with him that the form and act of Formation proceeds only from the Seed of the Man and that the womans Seed contributes no forming effective Cause to the shaping and delineation of the Birth Yet I cannot with Scaliger wholly renounce the womans Seed for I have both asserted and prov'd it to be very necessary for Generation And being necessary yet not having a forming Power it cannot otherwise be necessary but only in respect of that Matter without which the Power of the mans Seed cannot be waken'd and rowsed into Act. Now that it is not endu'd with a forming Power appears from hence that a woman cannot conceive of herself without the help of male Copulation Tho' it may be very probable that in her nocturnal Pollutions which happen to women as well as men besides the seminal Matter breaking forth out of the Prostates into the Vagina many times the Eggs slip out and evacuate through the Tubes into the Womb. Which nevertheless if the Seed included in the Eggs contained two Principles of Generation Active and Passive seeing she has both Place Time and Nourishment convenient within her own Body could not choose but conceive of herself Besides Nature has so provided that there shall be only one Agent to produce a natural Effect by the Testimony of Aristotle but if the Seed of the woman participated of the formal and efficient Cause then there would be two active Principles the Seed of the woman and the Seed of the man which is repugnant to the Order of Nature Again if both Sexes contributed an active Power the Male would produce either the same with the Woman or another quite contrary If the same then one would superabound if different then Twins would always be begot or Hermaphrodites which rarely happens Lastly our Opinion is confirm'd by the Natural Instinct of Mankind for the Children are not denominated from the Mother but generally from the Father as from him who being their Efficient Principle contributed to their being form'd LVIII Hence it is apparent that the Seed of the Woman does not contain in it self any forming Power in reference to the Birth nor is any Efficient Cause thereof nor as the first matter contributes to the first matter of the Birth that is to be form'd but that it is only necessary as a matter gently receiving the generative Principle of the Male Seed dissolving and fomenting it and setting at liberty the forming spirit inherent in the generative Principle and disposing it to act and to form all the first Lineaments of the Body out of it self and nourishing the Embryo when reduced into shape LIX Hippocrates does not seem to favour this Opinion of ours who writes thus Lib. 1. de Genitur In Man there is both the Male and Female Seed and so likewise it is in Woman but the Male Seed is the stronger and Generation must of necessity be accomplish'd by the stronger In which words Hippocrates seems to intimate that Womens seed partakes no less of the Efficient Cause than the Man's I answer That in Generation the strength of the Seeds consists partly in the Efficient Cause partly in the Material preparing for Formation And both Causes being taken separately may be called eitheir strong or weak or to use Hippocrates's phrase either Virile or Female When the Efficient Cause of Formation which is in the Male Seed is strong or virile and the material cherishing and nourishing Cause which is the Female Seed is likewise strong or virile then of both together comes a Male Child If either Cause be weak yet one stronger than the other then from the Cause that prevails proceeds a Boy or a Girl So that it cannot be concluded from the words of Hippocrates himself that he allowed the Female Seed an Efficient Power but that he has plac'd that same strength of which he speaks no less in the Material preparing Cause than in the Efficient and that by strength in the Male Seed he understood a strong and robust efficient Power of Forming in the Womans Seed an excellent temper of preparing and nourishing Matter and an aptitude to set at liberty the efficient principle latent in the Virile Seed LX. Veslingius fancied quite another Opinion of the Womans Seed for he acknowledges therein a double substance one Corporeal requisite for the forming of the Birth and another more watery which loosens the parts of the Womb cherishes and preserves the Birth and which he says flows continually into the Womb after Conception The Portion saith he of Spermatic Moisture which slows from the Stones to the bottom of the Womb is of a more noble use after Conception For upon this swims the rude little Body of the Embryo at the beginning of its conformation and so not only hinders the more intense heat of the Womb from making any irregular dissolution of any thing but gently sustains the Birth it self in the strong shogs of the Mothers Body and secures the Umbilical Vessels at that time as thin as a hair from danger of a Rupture Veslingius has done well to consider two parts in the Seed of the Woman but in that he was greatly deceived according to the ancient Opinion that the Man and the Womans Seed were mix'd together in the Womb and so thought the Birth to be form'd out of that Mixture and that he also believed that the Milky Juice which in Big-bellied Women flows to the Womb for the nourishment of the Child to be the more watery part of the Womans Seed Concerning which Juice see Chap. 31. LXI At this day according to the Opinion of Harvey many people assert that the Womens Seed after Conception together with the Man's Seed flows out again from the Womb as being altogether of no use Yet tho' the vanity of that Opinion be apparent from what has been said we shall examin it however more at large in the next Chapter After this Explanation made both of the Man's and Womans Seed two things remain to be inquired into in general concerning the Seed First At what Age the Seed is generated and Secondly Why Eunuchs and gelt Animals become fatter and more languid LXII As to the first The Seed is not generated till the habit of the Body becomes dryer and stronger and when the Body is come to its full growth And hence it is that because
Virgin which resembled the flat perforated small Ring that is put under the Glass in Prospective Glasses and closes all the rest of the opening of the Tube as this Membrane shuts up the Tube of the Sheath and the outermost Neck of the Womb. XVIII It is question'd by some Whether upon the want of that Membrane it may be well and truly said that such a Maid where such a defect is found has been deflowr'd by another Man Riolanus well observes That the defect of this Membrane is not always a sign of deflowr'd Virginity because most certainly it is not to be found in all Virgins For many times lascivious and wanton Girls break that Membrane unknowingly in their imitation of Coition with their Finger or any other Instrument Besides that in some it is so thin and so soft that easily giving way in the first Act it neither makes any resistance against the Bridegroom nor does it bleed at all Besides that it may be corroded away by the passing thorough of sharp Humours or else broken by a fall or a blow or by the Midwives finger as in the Hysteric Passion Now that it may be so relax'd and soften'd by the Afflux of the Flowers and other Humours as to give free passage to the Yard without pain or trouble and will dilate rather than be dilacerated and consequently never emit any blood in the first Act Pinaeus makes out by two Examples which he cites Lib. 1. de Not. Virgin c. 6. And thus that Text in Deuteronomy is certainly to be expounded that is to say if the red piece of Linnen were shew'd then there was no doubt to be made of the Virginity of the Maid but notwithstanding if it could not be produc'd yet however it was not to be concluded that the Maid had lost her Virginity but before too severe a Sentence be pronounc'd inquiry was to be made why that Efflux of Blood fail'd in the first Coition whether she had been broken up before or whether it might not be an effect of any other of those Natural Causes by me recited But before I leave this place I cannot but add the elegant Verses of Catullus which he writes De slore Virginitatis to wit concerning that Blood which commonly breaks forth upon the Rupture of the Membrane Hymen in the first Coition Ut slos in septis secretis nascitur hortis Ignotus pecori nullo contusus aratro Quem mulcent aurae firmat Sol educat imber Multi illum pueri multae optavere puellae Idem cum tenui carptus defloruit ungue Nulli illum pueri nullae optavere puellae Sic Virgo dum intacta manet tum chara suis sed Cum Castum amisit polluto corpore slorem Nec pueris jucunda manet nec chara puellis Which I render into English thus As Flowers in enclosed Gardens grow Not cropt by Beasts nor bruised by the Plough Whose brighter Glories Solar Beams invest And Fragrancies by gentle Rain increast Invites all Human kind to love and take That same when cropt its Beauty does forsake Those that before ador'd it now despise And slight the once dear Object of their Eyes Such is a Virgin while she so remains While her unspotted Honour she retains But when that 's blasted she 's no more the same Nor to her Virgin Vertues can lay claim But like a wither'd Flower is undon And by all Human kind is pist upon Those that before ador'd her now despise And slight the once dear Object of their Eyes XIX Upon this Membrane rest four Carunculae or little pieces of flesh call'd the Myrtiformes Myrtle shap'd because they resemble the Berries of Myrtle so plac'd that every one possesses an Angle and answer one another in a square One of 'em bigger than the rest and forked belongs to the hole of the Urinary passage which it shuts when the Urine is voided The second stands behind opposite to this the other two are collateral These Carunculae or little pieces of Flesh in some are shorter in some longer thicker or slenderer Which are said to meet together with certain little Membranes in the outermost part leaving a hole in the middle whose closing together some take for the Hymen Membrane XX. They are said to be appointed for Pleasure and Titillation while their being swell'd and puff't up straitens and bewitchingly squeezes the Yard These Caruncles are so describ'd by several Anatomists as if they were to be found in all Women when there is only one to be found in Virgins but all four are to be found in Persons deflowr'd But as for the second Membrane made by the closing of these Caruncles over and above the Hymen I shall believe it when any Body shews it me Riolanus the most accurate Anatomist of his time not without reason suspects those three lesser Tunicles not to be real little pieces of Flesh but little swellings or warts proceeding from the Rupture of the Hymen and the wrinkling the Vagina of the Privity and reports that he has found that wrinkled roughness altogether levell'd for the passages of the Child in Women that have been deliver'd six or seven days which were they true little pieces of Flesh would preserve their shape and substance in the distension of the Neck of the Womb or at least some sign of 'em would remain whereas there is nothing to be seen of 'em but when the Privity is again reduc'd to its accustom'd straitness He adds that these three little Bodies were they real little pieces of Flesh would be a great impediment to Women in Labour for that their roughness and inequality would hinder the Egress of the Infant He proves the truth of this Assertion by Ocular view and experience affirming that in the Dissections of Virgins after he had separated the Nymphs he found a fleshie or circular Membrane perforated with a little hole in the middle big enough for a Pea to go through which Membrane being torn he saw no other Caruncles but one always apply'd to the Orifice of the Bladder but the other three he never found and conjectures the foremention'd Caruncle to be the Extremity of the Sphincter of the Bladder XXI Therefore in regard they only are to be found in married People the Hymen being broken and not in Virgins he strongly infers that those three lesser Caruncles are nothing else than the Angular parts of this broken Membrane pucker'd up into a heap by the wrinkling of the fleshie Vagina And thus has this most excellent Person by his great Experience unfolded those doubts which have hitherto occasion'd so many Disputes among Anatomists concerning the Hymen and the Carunc'es XXII The outward part of the Womb call'd in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Pudendum Muliebre Membrum Genitale and Vulva as it were Valva or a Folding Door being clos'd with two Valva's and Nymphs like Folding Doors also Orificium Exterius the Outward Orifice and Cunnus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
mistaken her Reckoning Petrus Aponensis otherwise called the Conciliator by the Report of Cardan asserts himself to have been born in the eleventh Month as if he had kept his Mother's reckoning in her Womb. Homer makes mention of one born in the twelfth Month. Pliny speaks of a certain Woman that was brought to bed in her thirteenth Month and Avicen of another that was brought to bed in her fourteenth Of which we have another Example in Alexander Benedict I omit other Women that went two and twenty Months nay some that went two three four whole years of which Iohn Schenkius quotes Examples I fear me too fictitious out of several Authors VI. But indeed these are all idle Stories without any grounds and prov'd by no certain Experience but taken up from the discourses of tatling Gossips to whom some overcredulous Learned Men have given too much Credit to the end they might underprop these Vanities with some supports of probability For as I believe it to be most certain that the time of delivery may be for certain causes delay'd some few days beyond the Term of nine Months so I believe it impossible that it should be put off one much less many Months seeing that in whatsoever Constitution of a Woman the Increase of heat becomes so great in the Infant that it requires Ventilation by Respiration and for that cause the Birth must seek relief without the narrow straits of the Womb. So that it is manifest those serious maintainers of that Opinion drew too hasty a Conclusion from the false Relations of silly Women For if we narrowly prie into the Matter there lies a Snake in the Grass either wickedness in the Woman or simple Error in the Reckoning Wickedness in the Woman Who if she have no Children upon the death of her Husband that she may enjoy her Estate leagues her self with another Man and being by him got with Child pretends to be delivered Eleven twelve thirteen Months after the death of her Husband that so she may lay the Child to him in his Life-time which is a sort of wickedness so frequent that the Courts are full of these Contentions Which is the reason that these lateward Births seldom happen but among such kind of Widows rarely among Women that live with their Husbands There may be also a simple Error in the Reckoning for that Women generally compute their Reckoning form the first suppression of their Flowers though it may happen from other causes that their Flowers may cease three or four Months before Conception So that if a Woman begin her Reckoning from the first Suppression she must of necessity mistake and through that Mistake the Child shall be said to be born in the eleventh or twelfth Month that came at the appointed time of the end of the Ninth Aristotle believes that Error may proceed from the swelling of the VVomb Women says he are ignorant of the Time of their Conception if when the Womb was swelled before as it often happens they afterwards lye with their Husbands and conceive for they believe this to be the beginning of their Conception because it gave such a Signal VII Through the same Error in Reckoning Children are said to be born in the fifth or sixth Month which nevertheless are not born till the Ninth For that some VVomen for the first two or three Months of their being with Child have their Flowers upon them still at the set times but afterwards they stop and so they begin their Reckoning from that Suppression wherein they greatly err beginning their account from thence when they are three or four Months gone and so a Child shall be said to come in the sixth Month that was duly born in the ninth and this Error is apparent from the just proportion of the Child and the strength of its parts VIII When a Woman draws near her time the Birth turns it self and the Head declining plants it self before the Privity distending upwards the rest of the Body Which turning happens a week or two before the delivery Then the Orifice of the VVomb like a blowing Rose begins to open and dilate it self and to prepare a passage for the Birth that is about to come forth moreover the Infant kicking and sprawling to and fro breaks the Membranes wherein it is infolded and so the humours included therein flow forth which loosen the Privy parts and render the Passages slippery to make the passage easie for the Birth to pass thorough For it rarely happens that the Child is born and comes into the VVorld with the Membranes whole and entire which once I saw in an Infant that was very weak IX This sprawling is painful to the Womb and this pain communicated to the mind in the Brain presently the Animal Spirits are sent in great Quantity through the Nerves to the pursing Fibers of the Womb and the Muscles of the Abdomen which being contracted together cause a strong Expulsion of the Birth X. The Infant comes forth with the Head formost according to Nature says Hippocrates Lib. de nat puer XI Whatever other manner it offers it self to come forth in that Birth cannot be said to be Natural and the more hazardous it is by how much the posture of the Child is more unusual For if it offers one Thigh or one Arm it makes a stop unless that Member be thrust back and the Birth turn'd If two Thighs be offered together the delivery may go forward but with great difficulty if the Buttocks offer themselves first the delivery goes not forward unless very seldom sometimes the Birth comes forth doubled but with great difficulty and great danger If the Sides or Belly offer themselves first the Delivery is impossible How the mature and large Birth should be able to pass through the Straits of the Bones of the Pelvis stuft with Muscles and other parts Galen admires but dares not explain But it is done by reason that the Bones of the Share the Os Sacrum and the Hip-Bone their Cartilages being loosen'd separate a little one from another as we shall shew more at large L. â—… c. 16. XII However it be or at whatever time the Delivery happens Nature expels the Birth out of the Womb through the Uterine Sheath or at least endeavours to do it and that is the only passage appointed for the Expulsion of the Birth I say or at least endeavours to do it for sometimes it happens that that same passage being stopt the Child cannot be expell'd by Nature but must be drawn forth by the skill of the Surgeon and that through the passage already mentioned by the hand either of the Midwife or Surgeon or by the Assistance of Hooks which we have tryed with success in many Women or else by Section made in the Womb and Abdomen which is called the Caesarian Delivery concerning which Francis Rousset has written a famous Treatise But it is rarely seen that Nature her self attempts
one or two Hours and this you must do twice or thrice a day When you take this off put on a woollen Cap well fum'd with Mastich and Cloves bind a warm Napkin about it to the end that by this means your Head being over cold and weak may be again heated corroborated and dry'd that so the Catarh be stopped from further descent which done the remaining Cure will be easily accomplished I am well assured that by reason of the Wars and your continual quartering of Souldiers you cannot live with those Conveniences about you as you ought to have nevertheless you are to take the best care of your Diet you can therefore you must keep your self in a warm Place and more especially to preserve your Head from all manner of Cold. As to your Diet abstain from all manner of salt and smoaked Meats and all others of hard Digestion and Nutriment more especially from all Acids as Vinegar Iuice of Limons sowre Apples sowre Wine and every thing else that has any Acidity in it for all Acids are hurtful to the Lungs Broths made of Mutton Lamb Veal Hens Cocks and the Flesh themselves boil d with Rosemary Marjoram Barley cleansed and stoned Raisins potch'd Eggs and Goats Milk and in a Word all sweet things are proper If the Malady do not yield to these things send me back word of the State of your Disease Yours to Command I. de Diemerbroeck The Medicaments which I prescribed him were these â„ž Of the Mass of Pill Cochiae ℈ j. s. Diagredion gr v. for seven Pills â„ž Red Coral prepared Blood-stone Trochischs of seal'd Earth an ℈ ij Flowers of Sulphur Ê’j Olibanum Tragacanth Spodium Harts-horn burnt â—…n ℈ j. Conserve of Red Roses â„¥ ij Codigniach â„¥ j. s. Nicholas's Rest Ê’j s. Syrup of Poppy q. s. Mix them for a Conditement â„ž Syrup of Iujubes of Colts foot of Licorice an â„¥ j. of Poppy Looch Sarum an â„¥ j. s. Mix them for a Looch â„ž Heads of white Poppy n â— v. Cut them small and boil them half an hour in common Water q. s. Strain them very hard with the Straining boil White-sugar â„¥ iiij to the Consistence of a Lozenge adding at the end Powder of the Root of Althea ℈ j. s. of Licorice slic'd Ê’j Flowers of Sulphur ℈ ij Red Coral prepared true Bolearmoniac an ℈ j. Make Tablets according to Art â„ž Herbs Marjoram m. j. Rosemary Bitony Flowers of red Roses Melilot an m. s. Cloves Ê’j Nutmegs Cummin-seed an Ê’jj Beat them into a gross Powder and then add Millet-seed m. iiij Salt m. iij. Mix them together and put them into a large linnen Bag. When he had used these Remedies for eight days he wrote me word that his Coughing and Spitting of Blood were very much abated but not quite cured Therefore to perfect the Cure I wrote him word to continue his Pills Looch and Conditement and withal sent him the following Prescription â„ž Roots of the greater Cumfrey Snake-weed Tormentil Fennel an â„¥ s Licorice slic'd Ê’vj Herbs Hyssop Colts-foot Scabious Herb Fluellin Plantain Betony Rosemary an m. j Sage Flowers of red Roses an m. j. Head of white Poppies cut small n o iiij Raisins unstoned Ê’iiij Dates n o ix Decoction of Barley q. s. Boil to an Apozeme of lb iij. First let him purge with his Pills and make use of Looch let him take his Conditement Morning and Evening and drink a Draught of his Apozeme after it about the end of March he wrote me word that he was quite cured of his Cough and Spitting of Blood that he slept very well and could eat and gave me many Thanks for my Advice ANNOTATIONS ALL spitting of Blood out of the Veins of the Lungs threatens great Danger and therefore ought to be cured with great speed and prudence As Benedict Faventius observes If a Vein says he be broken with Coughing and Blood spit out of the Lungs it will never be consolidated but with great difficulty and care of the Physitian This Cure is more easily or with more difficulty accomplished according to the variety of Causes the Vehemency and Diuturnity of the Distemper and the natural Strength of the Lungs affected But among other Causes this is one when Nature endeavours to expel by the violent force of the Cough the Humors stoping the spiritual Passages for by that extraordinary Violence there is a force put upon the Organs of Respiration so that they become very much extended with their Vessels and sometimes broken and then the Blood comes away with the Spittle Such was the Blood-spitting that troubled our Patient which was very dangerous but less then if it had been occasioned by some ill Disposition of the Lungs or Corrosion of the Vessels or any such like Cause However had the Distemper persisted any longer the Vessels without doubt would have been corroded by the Acrimony of the distilling Humors and the Strength of the Bowel would have fail'd and then Suppuration Consumption Rottenness a Fever and several other Maladies of difficult Cure and for the most part mortal would have ensued But because it was not come to that and because the Disease had been of no long standing and the Patient was of sufficient strength the Cure was fortunately performed and much sooner than was expected OBSERVATION XLII Suppression of the Secondines and Courses THE Wife of Peter Vleys-houwer the sixth of March miscarried presently after her Secondines Courses Urine and Evacuations of Excrement stopped which exposed her to imminent danger especially when the Medicaments given her by the Midwife availed nothing The ninth of March which was the fourth day after she had miscarried I was sent for and presently prescribed her these things â„ž Roots of round Birthwort Dittany Valerian Briony Masterwort Fennel an Ê’iij Herbs Mugwort Peniroyal Tansie Feverfew Savin an m. j. Seed of Parsley Lovage wild Carrots Ê’ij red Vetches â„¥ j. s. White-wine q. s. Boil them for an Apozeme of lb j. s. â„ž Of this Decoction â„¥ v. Leaves of Senna cleansed Ê’iij Best Rhubarb Ê’j s. Aniseseed Ê’j Choice Cinamon ℈ j. Make an Infusion for four hours then strain them very hard and add to the Straining Oyl of Amber ix Drops for a Draught After she had took this she purged gently and her Urine and Courses came down in great Plenty and her Secondines came forth by Piace meals and thus by this one Medicament she escaped a very great danger OBSERVATION XLIII A Wound in the Brain with a Pistol-shot MR. Vane an English man and Ensign of a Company a strong young man about twenty five years of Age at the Siege of Schenk Sconce in the Year 1636. was wounded in the â—…ead with a Pistol Shot a little Bullet entring through the inner Corner of his Right-Eye without hurting the Eye and passing through the Substance of the Brain in a streight Line to the upper Bottom of the fore-part of the Head on that Side in that Place stopp'd and stuck under the
be two Souls in Man The sensitive Soul what The Architectonic or Vegetative Soul subsists in a Man with the Rational Soul The Seat of the Vegetable Soul where Whether in some parts more than in others Willis not congruous in this matter to Reason What the Vegetative Soul is This Soul is the vivific Spirit produced out of Corporeal Matter The Opinion of Regius Willis's Opinion Willis Refated Willis his Explanation of this Soul The Authors Animadversions The form of the Soul is different from the Matter it inhabits Willis his little diminutive Soul Willis his Absurdity The Affections or Passions of the Soul Whether the Soul be nourish'd What this Life or Soul is the Philosophers ignorant The Uterine Liver The Definition It s Original When the Umbilical Vessels begin to grow Harvey's Observations of the beginning of the Placenta in 〈◊〉 Abortive Whether coagulated Blood Aquapendeat's Opinion The number of Placenta's It s Substance It s Colour Shape and bigness The Superficies The Ingress of the Navel Its Vessels Whether any Anastomoses between the Vessels of the Womb and Cheese-cake Wharton's Opinion Whether any Veins and Arteries in the 〈◊〉 Whether any Nerves in the Cheescake The Place of Adhesion The Opinions of the Ancients Opinion The Name deriv'd What the Cotyledons are In what Creatures to be seen Cotyledons in Brutes The use of the Placenta in Women The Placenta supplies the Office of some other Bowels Why the Placenta sticks to the Womb. An Objection The Blood flows from the Womb into the Uterine Liver A Watery Milky juice flows from the Womb to the Amnion Secundines The Chorion The Urinary Membrane Amnios The Caul on the Head The Conâ—…tion of the Membranes in Twins The reason thereof and of monstrous Births The Original of these Membranes Their true Original Alantoides What it is Iâ—…s Origiâ—…al Situation It s vse It s Shape and Bigness Whether any Allantois in Women A milkie Liquor within the Amnion The Filth sticking to the Birth What the Liquor in the Amnion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 iâ—… bâ—… 〈◊〉 Wâ—… Sâ—… Whether any Steam It is an Alimentary Humour What sort of Liquor it is Whether it proceed from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoboken's Opinion A Difficulty concerning the milkie Uterine Vessels and the Umbilicals Vanhorn observ'd 2 milkie Branches descend towards the great Artery c. Curveus hiâ—… mistake The passage of the Iuice Ent's Opinion confuted That this milky Iuice does not come from the Breasts The Opinion of Veslingius touching the use of this Iuice The Amnios Urinary Membrane and Chorion stick close one to another The Opiâ—…ion of Riolanus The urinâ—…ceous Humour sepâ—…rated from the Liquor of the Amnios in Brutes where it is collected iâ—… the Alantois What the Serous Humour is The mistake of Deusingius The mistake of Riolanus The Name The Naâ—…el what it is It s Situâ—…tion Its Vessels The Umbilical Vein The Use. Its Valves The Error of Courâ—…eus The Umbilical Vein in Brutes The Umbilical Arteries These Arteries hard to be found in the Embryo for the first Months yet form'd and grow together The Use. The motion of the Blood through the Navel No Anastomoses No Union of the Umbilical Veins with the Arteries The Umbilical Vessels do not rise from the Uterines Whether form'd before the Heart How these Vessels pâ—… through the Membranes Dorsal Roots The Urachus or Urinary Vessel It is pervious in large brute Animals How it is observed in Mankind Why it is not conspicuous without the Abdomen Observation The Urine flows from the Birth through the Urachus Bartholin in an Error The Opinion of Courveus The Opinion of Maurocordatus The Pipe of the Navel-string Some few Nerves Knots like little Bladders full of a whitish Iuice Predictions from thence The cutting of the Navel-string When cut to be left of a just Length The Nourishment of the Birth in the Womb. First Digression The Birth is nourished by the Mouth and Navel Nourishâ—…nt by Apposition Nutrition by the Mouth and Navel The proof of Nouâ—…ishment by Apposition Proof of Nourishment at the Mouth Observation An Argument from sucking Confirm'd by Hippocrates With what matter it was nourished at Mouth Taken in by degrees and swalloâ—…ed not forc'd A Question The proof of Nutrition by the Umbilical Blood It is carryed in the same manner in a Chicken Riolanus deceived Whether Tapping iâ—… a Dropsie may not more safely be done in the Navel it self In what the difference consists Variety in the whole Difference in the Head Difference in the Breast Difference in the lower Belly Difference in the Ioynts How the Birth is contained in the Womb. The Inversion of the Birth Change of Situation The Opinion of Fernelius Digression How long the Birth remains in the Womb. Children born within the sixth Month. Children born in the fifth Month. They cannot live that are born in the eighth Month according to Hippocrates The reason of the variety in the time of Delivery Paulus Zachias Learned Men too much deceived by old Womens Tales Error in Womens Reckonings What happens near the time of Delivery The cause of Expulsion A natural Birth Unnatural Nature expels the Birth out of the Womb through the Uterine Sheath Something 's admirable to be observed The cause of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Not the narrowness of the place Not the Corruption of Nourishment Not defect of Nourishment Whether abundance of Excrements The true cause A Similitude The 〈◊〉 of Refreshment and Respiration is the cause of Calcitration The Opiâ—…on of Harvey and two Questions Harvey's other Question That Birth may live a while without Respiration An Objection All in an Error who write of Respiration and crying in the Womb. The cause of 〈◊〉 and dead Births The Breast The strusture of it The Figure The largeness of it It s Division Containing parts The proper The contained parts Their place The names The bigness A consideration of the bigness Their number Their Situation The shape and colour Glandules A large Glandule The Teat Where the Milky Chanels terminate The exquisite sense of the Teat It s Colour It s bigness The Areola Vessels Nerves Arteries Veins 〈◊〉 Lymphaticks Lymphatick Vessels The Milky Vessels Whether the Chylus be carryed through the Arteries to the Breasts The Office First digression Milk what The matter of Milk Whether out of Menstruous Blood Absurdities from the former Opinions Whether out of Alimentary Blood An Objection Why the Veins swell in the Breast Whether made of crude Blood Whether out of the Arterious Nervous Blood Whether out of the Serum Whether out of Fat. The Chyle is the Matter of Milk How the Chylus is chang'd into Milk The Milky Iuice made more perfect Why the Milk fails in Effusions of the Blood Why Women that give Suck want their Courses Mesue's Story Whether the Animal Spirits be the Matter of Milk A notable Question The true Cause An Observation Why the Milk increases the fourth day after child-birth A Question Why the Breasts are dry'd up upon weaning What
Others lastly to whose Opinion we think fit to subscribe assert that Hunger is occasioned by certain acid fermentative Particles bred out of the Spittle swallowed down and some others somewhat Salt or indigested Acids adhering to the Tunicles of the Ventricle and by that drawn to some kind of Acidity or remaining in it after the Expulsion of the Chylus stitching to the inner wrinkl'd Membrane especially about the upper Orifice and a Vellication troublesome to the Stomach which being communicated by the Nerves of the sixth Pair to the Brain thereby an Imagination of Eating is excited to appease the troublesom Corrosion XLI This Acrimonie is infused into those fermentative Particles by the Stomach when the sulphurous Parts are jumbl'd in the Iuices that stick to the inner Tunicle and the Salts are melted by the convenient Heat of the Ventricle to a degree of Fusion and so they turn Acid after a Specific Manner To which purpose the swallowed Spittle descending to the Stomach may be very prevalent for this hath a fermentative Quality in it self as we shall shew ye l. 3. c. 24. and to the same effect may also conduce the subacid Pancreatic or Sweetbread Juice being infused into the Duodenum if any Part of it shall rise toward the Stomach or shall transmit any acid Vapors or Exhalations from the Intestin to it XLII Here some Object and say if this be the Cause of Hunger then when the Stomach is full and Concoction and Fermentation are both busily employ'd Men would be most Hungry for then many more acid and fermentaceous Particles are called forth to their Work which must of Necessity pull and tear the Ventricle much more than the few before mentioned 'T is deny'd For the Particles to be fermented and fermented that is dissolv'd will be more but not the Fermentaceous or Particles dissolving Of which we have an Example in Leven'd Bread whose single Parts have no power to ferment another Mass of Flower because the acid Particles are no longer predominant but the Sulphureous as appears by the sweetness of the tast And so long as that prevalency of the sulphury Particles continues in the dissolv'd Particles so long they cannot become Acid or Fermentaceous for Sulphur is Sweet As appears in Fevers wherein acid Medicins are generally most plentifully prescrib'd for the subduing of the sulphury Predominancy And restoring the convenient fermentaceous Quality For when the Prevalency of the sulphureous Particles is overpowered by the Force of the salt Acids then comes the fermentaceous Acidity to be introduâ—…d So that there are not more acid sharp and corroding Particles in the full Ventricle concocting the Food or if there be they are so stain'd by the copious Liquor intermixt so that they can occasion no troublesom Vellication to the Stomach by which means the Hunger cannot be greater at that time but rather ceases altogether But when the Ghylus and with that the dissolv'd sulphureous Particles intermixt with the salt are gone off to the Intestins then the Remainder that sticks to the inner Tunicle of the Ventricle or is carried thither with the spittly Juice as being freed for the most part from the redundancy of sulphurous Particles grows sowre through the heat of the Ventricle and so begins to tear again and renews the Appetite which ceases again when that Acidity comes to be retemper'd by the Meat and Drink thrown into the Stomach and its Acrimony comes to be mitigated and blunted XLIII But if these fermentaceous Iuices are not only not moderated in the Stomach but that through some defect of the Liver Sweetbread or other Parts over sharp Humors are too abundantly bred in the Body or flow from the Head or some inferior Parts into the Stomach in so great a Quantity that their Acrimonie cannot be sufficiently tam'd and temper'd by the swallowed Food then happens that preternatural Hunger which we call Canine with which they who are troubl'd often vomit up undigested Meat together with sowre Iuices like the Iuice of Limon as they themselves confess and by reason of the gnawing Acrimony occasioned by the extream viscousness of the Humors remaining in the Ventricle presently become hungry again and fall to eat But if the fermentaceous Particles are in themselves very viscous or thicker and of a slower Motion then they require a longer time to elevate themselves and excite Hunger which chiefly happens when the acid Spirits less abound in the whole Body and consequently in the Spittle and that viscous Humor that sticks to the inner Tunicle of the Stomach XLIV Sometimes also it happens that Hunger is frequently diminished when bitter Choler ascends in too great Quantity into the Stomach as in cholerick Men in the Iaundise and several sorts of Fevers and therein by its Mixture corrupts not only the fermentaceous Relicks of the Nourishment remaining in the Stomach after the Expulsion of the Chyle but also the Spittle that flows to it The more remote Causes of lessening the Appetite are various as excess of Sleep and Laziness excess of Care and looseness of the Belly c. Overmuch Sleep and too much sitting still for that for want of sufficient Exercise of the Body the Humors also are not sufficiently stirr'd nor are the acid Particles conveniently separated from the Viscous so that they cannot be sufficiently roused up to Action In extraordinary Cares of the Mind hunger is not perceiv'd because the Thoughts are otherwise employ'd And as for loosness of the Belly 't is a certain Truth that the Ferment is vitiated XLV Now these fermentaceous Particles that excite Hunger as appears by what has bin said are acid or somewhat acid and are the same that promote the Conoction of the Stomach and ferment and dissolve the swallowed Nourishment Hence it is that Acids moderately taken increase the Appetite and cause a better Concoction of the Stomach Of which we have an Experiment besides our daily Experience in our Seamen who make long Voyages to the Indies For having fed upon thick and hard Meats for a long time hence it comes to pass that their Appetites are deprav'd and their Concoctions but weak which breeds a Scorbutic ill Habit of Body But when they come to Islands or Countries where they meet with plenty of Limons and other acid Fruits presently their Appetite is restored and all the concoctive Faculties that languished before are renewed together with their Strength through the said acidity and so in a short time they recover their former Health Therefore to keep the Seamen in Health in those long and tedious Voyages the Masters of Vessels are wont to carry along with 'em a certain Quantity of Citron Juice which they distribute now and then among the Mariners when they find their Stomachs begin to fail ' em XLVI Acid therefore are those fermentaceous Particles which excite Hunger which if they be wanting in the Stomach the Appetite fails nor can the Chylification be perfected but the Meat
more juicy fort of Meats when the chiefest part of the Food not being yet turn'd into Chyle still remain'd in the Ventricle LIX Hence appears the mistake of many Physicians who thought that the Nourishment which was first eaten was first discharg'd out of the Stomach those things which were last eaten were last parted with And hence they have been very careful to prescribe an Order in Feeding as to eat those things which are of easie Concoction first and those things which are hard of Digestion last for fear of begetting Crudities through a preposterous Order in Feeding according to the Admonitions of Fernelius 3. de Sympt Caus. c. 1. 5. Pathol. c. 3. Mercurialis 3. Prax. c. 12. Sennertus 3. Prax. part 1. Sect. 2. c. 9. and of many others Certainly whatever Variety is received into the Stomach is confus'd mix'd and jumbled together and that by Fermentation by which the spiritous and thin Particles spread themselves and free themselves from the dissolv'd thicker Substances and so the thick being stirr'd and agitated together with the thin by that motion there is made a Mixture of all together of all which Mass that which is sufficiently digested passes through the Pylorus that which requires farther Concoction remains of a harder Substance in the Stomach LX. Here three hard Questions are to be examined in their Order First Whether if Hunger be occasion'd by the acid fermentaceous Particles creating a troublesome Vellication in the Stomach what is the Cause of that which is call'd Pica or a deprav'd Appetite as when People long for Chalk Oatmeal Lime and the like Secondly Whether in a Dyspepsie or difficulty of Digestion and Fermentation in the Guts Choler can be bred in the Stomach such as is evacuated upward and downward in the Disease call'd Cholera Thirdly Whether the whole Chyle when concocted on the Stomach fall into the Intestines LXI As to the first The Cause of a deprav'd Appetite call'd Pica and Malacia seems to us not to have been by any person sufficiently explain'd when as the affect it self is a thing to be admir'd in regard the force of it is such especially in Virgins and Women for men are seldom troubled with it that they will often with a wonderful desire covet Meal Chalk Tobacco-pipes Dirt Coals Lime Tarr raw Flesh Fruits and other strange things altogether unfit for Nourishment as live Fish the fleshy and brawny part of the Members of a living Man and Stones as Sennertus reports that he knew a Woman that swallowed every day two pound of a Grindstone till she had at length devour'd it all besides several other Precedents cited by Physicians and what daily occurs to our Observation Now they generally affirm the Cause of this Mischief to be the deprav'd Humours contain'd in the Ventricle which according to their various Natures excite in some a various Appetite to this in others to that whether bad or good in some to dissimilar noxious things in others to similar as the vitious Humours according to their different qualifications variously tear move the little Fibres of the Nerves of the Ventritle by the peculiar Motion of which communicated to the Brain there arises the same Motion in an instant in the Brain by which a peculiar Appetite is stirred up to this or that thing Francis de le Boe Sylvius Prax. l. 1. c. 2. as also in the Dictates of the Private Colledge assembled in the Year 1660. going about to explain this thing more particularly asserts that the Cause of this deprav'd Appetite is a vitious Ferment of the Stomach corrupted either by the vitious Nourishment Physic or Poyson swallow'd down or by several Diseases especially such as are incident to Women infecting the whole Mass of Blood then the Spittle and lastly the Ferment of the Ventricle and disposing 'em to an ill habit But if this formal Reason be of any force let us from thence also ask this Question Why such an Appetite coveting this unusual Dyet is also to be found in those who are troubled with no vitious Humours in the Stomach as I have sometimes found by Experience tho' I cannot deny but that there may be now and then for all that some ill Humours in the Stomach Wherefore in a Man whose Ferment and Ventricle are without fault meerly upon the wistful looking upon some Picture sometimes of Fish sometimes of Fruits or other things not fit for Dyet shall find himself to have a strong Stomach for these things in the same manner as the looking upon the Picture of a naked Venus excites many Men to Venery What and of what sort must be the Nature and admirable Quality that must so move the little Fibres of the Nerves and the Brain that by reason of that special Motion there must be an Appetite to Grindstones Tobacco-pipes Coals c. which there is no body but knows can never be desir'd as a remedy against that troublesome gnawing or as necessary for Nourishment LXII And therefore these things must proceed from some other Cause that is to say from the Mistake of the Imagination and thence a deprav'd Iudgment arising from an ill habit of the Brain and a vitious Motion of the Spirits and not from the pravity of the Humours in the Stomach For according as the vitious Humours augment or diminish the Vellication of the Fibres more or less intensly it may increase or abate the Appetite but not direct it to a particular choice of Dyet especially such a one as is unnatural For Hunger is a natural â—…nstinct by which Nature is barely excited to receive Nourishment as a remedy for the gnawing but not more especially to this oâ—… that Food or to this or that Dyet if it may be so call'd as being altogether unnatural LXIII Then as for that which is said That sound healthy People being a hungry covet sometimes Fish sometimes Flesh sometimes Fruit now roasted now boyl'd c. This proceeds not from any peculiar Vellication or Gnawing but from an Animal Appetite which judges that sometimes such sort of Meats sometimes another sometimes sweet sometimes sowre will be more grateful and proper for the Stomach and therefore sometimes they covet more eagerly Wormwood-wine raw Herrings and several other things of themselves ungrateful than others more pleasing to the Palate and more wholesome LXIV Now since the Choice or Refusal of Meat or of any thing else depends upon the Iudgment and Iudgment proceeds from the Brain certainly the Cause of coveting this or that peculiar thing is not to be sought for in the Stomach but in the Brain which if it be out of order through bad Humours and ill Vapours arising from any filth gathered together in the Womb Spleen or Sweetbread and hence asscending up to the Brain easily occasions deprav'd Imaginations whence follows a deep deprav'd â—… Judgment and through the mistake of that Judgment noxious and absurd things are covered rather than the best and most wholsome as Chalk Coals
c. A thing well known to happen to melancholly People who many times doat upon one particular thing tho' in other things their Judgment is sound enough For how far Intent and frequent Cogitation upon a thing avails to increase such a deprav'd Appetite is apparent in Women with Child who many times long to that degree that if they cannot get what they desire the Child shall carry the Mark of the thing long'd for Which impression cannot be said to preceed from any deprav'd Humours of the Stomach but from the Brain for that the Imagination being intense upon those things and Judgment made upon their use and Benefit proceeds from thence and the Ideas of those things are conveigh'd from thence and imprinted upon the Birth by the Animal Spirits Besides they that are troubled with a deprav'd Appetite do not always long for one and the same thing but sometimes for one thing sometimes another as their Fancies are fix'd more upon one thing than another which cannot be imputed to any ill Humour adhering to the Ventricle for that then the longing for variety of things must proceed from the variety of Humours Besides these sort of Patients are troubled with a deprav'd Appetite when they are a hungry and then they most eagerly long for those things which they have thought of before whether good or bad and believe 'em then not to be bad or hurtful but pleasing and wholesom Which Depravation of the Appetite I have cur'd more by Cunning than by Physic enjoyning the People of the House never to mention in the hearing of the Patients those hurtful things and to remove all sorts of Pictures out of their sight and in the mean time to feed 'em with wholesom Dyet and that often in the Day to prevent their being much an hungry LXV There is one Objection re-mains that is to say If a deprav'd Appetite were not caus'd by the ill habit of the Stomach the Patients would be sick upon the eating such kind of noxious Dyet neither would such things be digested in the Stomach but on the other side it appears that few or none suffer any harm by it without doubt because there are those deprav'd Iuices in the Stomach which are able to digest that preternatural Dyet which the Stomach seems to have particularly requir'd as a remedy for that peculiar Vellication or Twitching of the Nerves But the force of this Objection is easily answer'd when it is consider'd that it is not absolutely true that such Patients receive no Dammage from such incongruous and preternatural Dyet and that it is only true in very few and that only once twice or thrice but that afterwards they are cruelly afflicted by it contracting Oppilations of the Bowels the Dropsie the wild Scab or Maunge call'd Psora and several other Distempers But the reason why they receive no Dammage at first is twofold First Because upon the eager devouring of these things the Animal Spirits flow in great Plenty to the Stomach as upon Venereal thoughts they flow in great abundance to the Generating Parts together with a great quantity of Arterious Blood Now how effectually these Natural Spirits operate in nourishing the Body we shall explain more at large l. 3. c. 11. and how far they conduce to the Concoctions of the Stomach if they flow into it more plentifully than is usual is apparent in those Slaves to their Bellies that waste whole days and nights in thinking what they shall eat and are always stuffing their Guts For they by reason of the plentiful Spirits design'd for the Stomach have much swifter and better Concoctions than such as are always busi'd at their Studies whose Animal Spirits are call'd another way and therefore are frequently troubled with Crudities and hardly are able to digest the lightest Food Secondly Because they that are troubled with a deprav'd Appetite are for the most part melancholy or such as breed more sowre fermentaceous Juices are more sharp and copious than usual in the Spleen Sweatbread and Ventricle whence when they begin to be a hungry they have a sharper Stomach and far more easily digest whatever they eat than others nay than they themselves can do at another time Thus I have known a Woman with Child that longing for ripe Cherries has at one time eaten up six or seven pound together another that has eaten thirty Cheesecakes and another that would eat raw salt Herrings and digest 'em well when at other times they did not use to be so greedy And hence it comes to pass that at sueh a time they will digest a large quantity of Meat or those preternatural Things as Oatemeal Chalk and Coals or at least the Stomach discharges 'em without any harm But if they continue that immoderate Course of Dyet that sharper Juice at length failing it becomes such a Disturbance to the Bowels and Stomach that their Concoctions are thereby plainly interrupted and deprav'd to the breeding of copious bad Juices that increase a great quantity of ill Humors which is the cause of several Distempers From all which I think it is sufficiently manifest that a deprav'd Appetite does not primarily proceed from any deprav'd Humors bred in the Stomach or sticking to it but from some defect of the Brain and mistake of the Imagination LXVI The second Problem is affirm'd by Regius and several other Physicians altho' it be far from being true For in a crazy Condition of Health the Humors in the Stomach may be corrupted several ways and many bad ones may be gathered together and yet never any Choler bred therein And for that which is exonerated upwards and downwards in the Disease called Cholera that is not bred in the Stomach but in the Liver collected and amassed together in the Bladder of the Gall the Porus Biliarius and other places adjoyning from whence sharply or sowerly fermenting and boyling it bursts forth at last with great Violence into the Duodenum and by virtue of that Motion is discharged and thrust out partly upward through the Stomach partly downward through the rest of the Intestines Which is sufficiently apparent from hence in regard that the Invasions of Choler are subitane no Signs preceeding of any ill Affection of the Ventricle or of any Choler bred or gathered togethet within it and for that often when People have made a good Meal not feeling any Disturbance either in the Appetite or in Digestion it overflows in their Sleep at Midnight and sometimes in the day time without any foregoing Notice which certainly could not but precede if a copious quantity of Choler the Cause of the Disaster were bred in the Stomach or gathered there together Neither will Reason permit us to believe that Nature has constituted various and several Organs to perform one and the same Office such as is the Generation of Choler For to obâ—…ain that End she makes use only of one sort of Means and thus the Stomach alone Chylifys the Liver alone breeds
a Liver full of Worms and such kind of Worms Wier is and Bauhinus have observ'd Borell is found a Hairy worm in the Liver of a Dog Then for Stones the Experience of several convinces us that they have been found in the Liver but they are rarely generated in the Liver yet the Author of the German Physical Ephemerides cites one Example out of George Greiselius of a certain Lady in the lower part of the Lobe of whose Liver there grew a Bladder a hands breadth in length wherein was contained a shining black glutinous Humour and in the middle of it a Stone as big as a Hens Egg shining also as if it had been full of Niter but insipid and without any smell weighing an onnce and eighteen grains The same Author cites another Example out of Iames of Negropont of a Liver of an unusual bigness weighing above twelve pounds which was hard yellow and here and there strew'd with hard Stones and in the Gall-bladder besides much yellow small sand were contain'd two round yellow rough Stones about the bigness of a Musket-bullet besides which another lesser Stone stopp'd up the Meatus Hepaticus to the Gall-bladder But tho' Stones are rarely found in the Livers of Men yet in the Livers of diseased Oxen and Sheep we have sometimes found 'em very numerous some red some yellowish others white like Tartar of Wine XXXIV To this Story of the Liver may be added a certain Conjunction of the Liver with the Lungs and a wonderful situation of both of them and the parts adjoyning which D. Wassenaer a famous Physician at Utrecht imparted to me in writing as seen by him in a little Child of Cornelius de Mirop Governour of Wingenlangenraeck This Child was in his life time Asthmatic and vexed with a frequent and terrible Cough upon every slight occasion and at length dy'd of a Fever at seven years of Age. Whose Body being open'd the 2d of Febr. 1665. in the presence of D. Goyer the said Wassenaer and two or three Chirurgions and others XXXV The Abdomen being laid open saith he and the Breast there was no Diaphragma to be found by which the Thorax is separated from the lower Belly Nor was there any more than one Lobe of the Lungs which being continued on the right side with the Liver seem'd to be like it both in colour and substance There was no spunginess in that Lobe which crossing the middle of the Liver under the hollow part of it stuck out like an Appendix Out of the midst of the Liver certain Passages like the Gristles of the Windpipe deriv'd themselves into the Aspera Arteria it self There was no skin or cover that appear'd about the Ribs for the Liver and right part of its Lobe stuck every where so close to the Ribs that they could not be separated but by a Penknife The Pericardium in which there was but very little Liquor enfolded but half the Heart which about the bottom together with the left and upper part of the Lobe of the Lungs was so firmly united to the Spine of the Back as the Liver and right side of the lobe of the Lungs was fasten'd to the Ribs In the Convex and lower part of the Liver about the ninth Rib was an Ulcer full of well concocted Matter The Stomach also considering the proportion of the Body and the Age of the Child was twice as big as it ought to have been XXXVI And thus sometimes we meet with wonderful things as to the situation structure and connexion of the Bowels As for Example No less rare and monstrous is that which upon his own and the testimony of several other Physicians and Chirurgions Schenkius affirms Observ. l. 3. viz. that in the Year 1564. in the dissection of the dead Body of Ortelius a Merchant of Antwerp there was not so much as the footstep to be seen of any Liver or Spleen but that the substance of all the Intestines was fleshie and much more solid than the flesh of the Muscles that it seem'd to resemble the flesh of the Heart That the Vena Cava had taken its rise from the Original it self which was thought to be the Cause that the Patient in his life time was so frequently tormented with an Inflammation and Aposteme in his Lungs Malpigius therefore conjectures and that not without reason that the glandulous substance of the Liver contrary to the order of Nature was extended all the length of the Intestines CHAP. XV. Of the Choler Vessels and the Choler it self I. FOR the discharge of the Choler there are two Passages appointed in the right and hollow part of the Liver that is to say the Gall-bladder and the Porus Bilarius Thorough the latter the more feculent and milder Choler flows into the Intestines Into the former the thinner Choler flows and staying there a while by that stay cuts off the proper quality of the part but more from the remaining Liquor that sticks to it acquires a sharper and more fermentative quality II. The Gall-bladder is an oblong Bladder fashion'd like a Pear somewhat round hollow and seated in the caveous or hollow part of the Liver III. At the uppermost and middle part it is joyn'd to the hollow of the Liver the rest of it hangs forth without the body of the Liver where touching the right side of the Ventricle and the Gut Colon it frequently moistens and stains both with the Choler transpiring through its Tunicles IV. It is furnish'd with a double Membrane The one exterior without Fibres rising from the Peritonaeum which invests the pendulous part without the Liver and fastens it to the Liver and is the same with the exterior Membrane of the Liver The other proper and more thick strengthned with a slippery Slime against the Acrimony of the contain'd Humour This several Anatomists with Laurentius affirm to be interwoven with all manner of Fibres and that with the right Fibres it attracts the Choler to it with the oblique it retains the Choler in it and with the Transverse expells it Yet to others these Fibres seem to be imaginary in regard they cannot by any way be demonstrated and therefore Fallopius and Riolanus explode 'em and Glisson both rejects and refutes their Use describ'd by Laurentius But Laurentius's Cause may be well enough maintain'd if we say that although these Fibres cannot be manifestly demonstrated yet they may be discern'd by Reason seeing this part stands no less in need of Fibres to maintain and strengthen it than the Veins Arteries the Piss-bladder and several others which when they are dilated contract again by means of their Fibres and so return again to their former Condition Which distention happens in the Gall-bladder by reason of the redundancy of the Gall or else its Effervescency which a Contraction by means of Fibres tho' invisible or obscure must be of necessity not only to press forth the Choler out of the Bladder
But how it comes to pass that the said Choler becomes more sharp and fermentative in man proceeds from hence that all the milder Choler does not presently flow directly from the Liver through the bilary Porus into the Intestines but a good part of it and that the thinnest is carried from the Liver through the gaully Roots into the Gall-Bladder and there stays a while that by the specific Property and Temper of the Place the more sharp Spirits through that Stay may be the more vigorously roused up and exalted and thence boyling a little in the Cystis may flow to the Intestines Into which Place being brought and being either too little or too sharp it may there be the cause of Diseases of both kinds XIII But the superfluous and chiefest part of the Venal Blood of which the Ferment is made in the Liver which neither could nor ought to be chang'd into the Nature of Choler or Lympha being plentifully furnish'd with the fermentative Quality of the made Ferment flows into the Vena Cava with which from above out of the subclavial Veins it meets a prepar'd and attenuated Chylus or in the absence of that the Lymphatic Liquor alone mix'd with the Blood of the Subclavial Veins and so by degrees enter the right Ventricle of the Heart and there by reason of that previous convenient Preparation or attenuation are presently dilated into a Blood-like spirituous Vapor as Gunpowder presently flashes into a Flame when touch'd by Fire Now that the Blood flowing out of the Liver into the Vena Cava is mix'd and endu'd with a Fermentative and chiefly Choleric Quality appears from hence that if in a Creature newly kill'd the Liver be cut from the Vena cava and the Blood flowing out of it sav'd put but a little Spirit of Niter to that Blood and presently it becomes of a Rust-Colour which happens in no other Blood and by that means the Bilious Ferment concealed within it is discover'd XIV But that that same bloody Spirit may be more perfect and retain its Vigor the longer by the beating of the Heart it is forced immediately through the Pulmonary Artery into the Lungs and there by the Cold of the Aire breath'd in is condensed into Liquor and flows through the Pulmonary Vein into the left Ventricle of the Heart wherein again as Spirit of Wine is rectifi'd by a second Distillation it attains the utmost Perfection of spirituous Blood and so is forc'd into the Aorta that thereby it may be communicated thro' the lesser Arteries and through all the Parts of the Body to nourish and enliven ' em Out of which Nourishment that Blood which at length remains being depriv'd of the greatest part of its Spirits enters the lesser Veins and by those is carried to the greater and by them again to the Heart to the end it may be there again attenuated and become Spirituous But because in that Circulation many parts of the Blood are consum'd in the Nourishment of the Parts whose Substance also is continually consum'd and dissipated by the Heat hence it is necessary that a new Chylus fit to be changed into Blood be again mix'd with the venal Blood returning to the Heart to supply the place of what is wasted And thus our Life consists in such a continual Nourishment which failing presently Health is impair'd and the Oyl of our Lamp being wasted we goe quite out XV. It may be questioned whence those sharp hot fermentative Qualities arise in our Nature I answer out of Sulphur and Salt The first Emotion is from Sulphur but the primary Acrimony is from Salt which besides Sulphur is lodg'd in all Nourishment For there is nothing which we eat that does not naturally contain a Salt in it tho' some things contain more some less and Sulphur dissolves the Salt and renders it fluid Which being dissolv'd and attenuated corrodes penetrates and dissolves by means of its Acrimony all the Particles of the Nourishment and so disposes 'em for the Extraction of the Spirits that ly hid within ' em Which Operation is Fermentation without which Man could not live and with which being weak or deprav'd a Man lives miserably Now to advance this Fermentation the more prosperously by instinct of Nature to the natural Salt which is in our Nourishment we add the help of Sea Salt which we mix with our Meat and with which we powder our Flesh And so much the harder the Substance of the Meat is and consequently the more violent Fermentation and effective Ferment they require for Digestion so much the more we desire to have 'em well salted as Beef and Pork For that the Salt in such Meats causes a more easy Digestion So that the sulphury Spirits that are to reduce that Salt to Fusion are sufficiently redundant and effectual in Man as in young and choleric People And of this we have a manifest Example in a Herring which being salted and eaten raw eastly digests in the Stomach but not being salted tho' boyl'd is with great Difficulty digested Moreover that the Fermenting Spirits lying hid in that thick Salt may be roused up to Action we boyle our Meat in the Kitchin that the more fix'd and solid Parts of it may be the better dissolv'd and so prepared to Fusion and Volatilitie that they may be the more easily tam'd and vanquish'd in the Stomach when we feed upon those harder sorts of Food we make use of sharp spirituous and sulphury Sawces as Spice Turheps Anise Carrots Mustard many times drink strong Wine and Spirit of Wine after Meals For the sulphury Spirits being mixed with the Salt potently dissolve and penetrate the thick and sixed Particles and a fitness to melt and so advance the Energie of Fermentation Which chylifying Operation is very much assisted partly by the Spittle which flows from the Mouth to the Stomach and is endued with a fermentative Quality partly by a peculiar Ferment which is made out of some part of the Chylus remaining after its Concoction and Expulsion of the greatest part to the Intestines in the Stomach and sticking to the Folds and Pores of the innermost Tunicle and there turning sowre And so by that first Fermentation the more spirituous and profitable Parts of the Nourishment come forth of the thicker Mass like Cream and assume the Name of Chylus XVI Out of this Chylus endu'd with many salt and sulphury Particles from the Nourishment received by means of a new fermentative Preparation caused by the Choler Pancreatic Iuice and Lympha the Blood is made in the Heart which contains in it self those salt Particles of the Chylus but more attenuated and mix'd more exactly with the Sulphureous XVII Out of the salt Particles of this Blood flowing to the Spleen the splenic Artery and to the Sweetbread and many other Glandules through peculiar Arteries and somewhat separated by the Afflux of Animal Spirits there is another matter of Ferment to be composed in
bigness of half a Man's head For that Nature wonderfully sports her self in bigness number figure and vessels Of which there are various and remarkable Examples in Eustachius Fernelius Vesalius Carpus Botallus Bauhinus and others Yet this Variety is very rare and hardly to be found in one among six hundred XIII In Figure they represent a French Bean or the expanded Leaf of wild Spikenard On the Outside they are gibbous and bow'd backward On the inside somewhat hollow at the ingress and egress of the Vessels The Superficies in a Man of ripe years is smooth and equal otherwise in a Cow Sheep and many other brute Creatures in whom it is unequal as if the Kidneys were compos'd of many round fleshy little Lumps or Buttons Which external shape they also shew in new-born Children which remains for three years and sometimes for six years after the Birth as Riolan witnesses Eustachius reports that he never observ'd that shape in Men grown up but only twice But Dominic de Marchettis writes that he shew'd the same Figure twice or thrice in the Theatre at Padua Once I remember I saw the same in a Man run thorough the middle of the Abdomen above each Kidney with a Sword In whose body when at the request of the Magistrate I enquir'd into the Cause of his death and the Nature of the wound by chance I found such a Figure of the Kidneys as if compos'd of small Buttons XIV They are cloathed with two Membranes of which the outermost is common proceeding from the Peritonaeum call'd the Fatty because that in fat people it is surrounded with a great quantity of fat Into this the Arteria Adiposa runs from the Aorta out of it proceeds the Vena Adiposa which the right Kidney sends to the Emulgent rarely to the Trunk of the Vena Cava the left sends forth to the Vena Cava This Membrane knits both Reins to the Loyns and Diaphragma the right also to the blind Gut and sometimes to the Liver the left to the Spleen and Colon. The innermost and proper Membrane is form'd out of the external Tunicle of the Vessels being dilated which Vessels enter the Kidney with one only Tunicle Into which little Nerves are inserted proceeding from the Fold of the sixth Pair and the Thoracical Branch affording a dull sense of feeling to the Kidney which being nevertheless extended further into the Ureters endue them with a most acute sense and for that reason are the Cause that in Nephritic Pains the Stomach having a fellow feeling has oftentimes a desire to vomit But very few Nerves and those very small and hardly conspicuous enter the Substance of the Kidneys it self XV. Both the Kidneys have two large Vasa sanguifera that is to say an Artery and an Emulgent Vein among which are sprinkled certain small Lymphatic Vessels as some imagine XVI The Emulgent Artery produced from the Trunk of the descending Aorta being first doubled enters the flat part of the Kidney thence it is dispers'd through the Substance of it with divers Branches and therein vanishes into extream small and invisible Twigs Through this Artery which is very large great store of blood is carried to the Kidney partly to nourish it together with its Urinary Vessels partly that a good part of the serous Humor may be separated from it in its Glandules and that being emptied through the little Urinary Fibres and Papillary Caruncles or the ten little Bodies in the Reins into the Pelvis or Receptacle of the Reins the blood may become less serous This Artery we have once seen in the right Kidney inserted into the lowermost part of the Kidney XVII The Emulgent Vein is a little larger than the Artery This with innumerable Roots meeting together in this Trunk adheres to the Kidney and its Glandules and thence proceeding out of it from the flat part runs on to the Vena Cava into which it opens with a broad Orifice so situated as to give a free passage for the Blood into the Vena Cava but hindring it from flowing out of the Vena Cava into the Emulgent Whence it is certain that the Blood is forc'd into the Kidney by the Emulgent Artery only and part of it remaining after the Nourishment of the Kidney being freed from a good quantity of the serous Humour in the little Glandules flows through the Emulgent Vein into the Vena Cava I think it was never observ'd that two Emulgent Veins proceeded out of one Kidney yet once it was seen and publickly demonstrated by us in a dissected Body in Novemb. 1668. Both were of the usual largeness and one proceeded from the middlemost flat part of the Kidney after the wonted manner the other from the lowermost part of the same right Kidney and about the breadth of half a Thumb one below the other was inserted into the Vena Cava And something like this I find to be observed by Saltzman in Observ. Anat. XVIII The left of these Emulgent Veins in a Man enters the Vena Cava somewhat in a higher place and is longer than the right by reason of the higher and remoter situation of the Kidney from the Vena Cava In many Beasts the right is the higher Sometimes their number is unequal and their Progress unequal as shall be shewn more at large L. 7. c. 6. XIX The dissemination and dispersing of both the Emulgent Vessels through the Kidney cannot be exactly demonstrated because of the extream slenderness of the Branches and the dimness of the Sight In the mean while several Anatomists have written various Speculations concerning this matter according to the diversity of their Opinions Among the rest Rolfinch asserts that the Roots of the Emulgent Veins meet together with the ends of the Emulgent Arteries by Anastomoses and that he reports to be first observ'd by Eustachius L. de Ren. But Malpigius lately has sufficiently demonstrated the vanity of these Conjunctions who by his Microscopes observ'd that several ends of little Arteries end in very small Glandules adhering to the little Urinary Fibres or Vessels and that so some part of the Serum is separated from the Blood of those small Arteries and carried by the Urinary Vessels to the Pelvis or Receptacle of the Kidneys but that the rest of that Blood is suck'd up by the ends of the Veins and so flows to the Emulgent Vein and thence to the Vena Cava XX. In the inner part of the Kidney is contain'd the Pelvis or Infundibulum which is nothing else but a membranous Concavity compos'd of the Ureter expanded and dilated in the hollow of the Kidney and reaching thither with open and broad Branches sometimes eight or ten like Pipes XXI Over which lye little pieces of Flesh or Carunculae vulgarly call'd Papillares by Rondeletius Mammillares over each one like small Kernels not so deep coloured but harder than the rest of the Flesh about the bigness of a
are melted and made fit to receive and gently cherish the Eggs falling out of the Ovaries through the Tubes into the Womb. For if the Eggs should fall into a dry womb they would produce no more than the Seed of a Plant cast into dry Ground For as nothing comes of that Seed unless sow'd in a Ground moisten'd with a tepid Humidity so nothing comes of the Egg unless it fall into a womb watered with a convenient lukewarm Moisture XXII Some will say this cannot be so for the Eggs of Fowl do not fall into a moist womb but into a dry Nest and yet a Chicken is hatch'd out of this Egg. I answer That as for Birds and other Creatures that lay Eggs there is not the same Reason for them neither do they require any such Moisture of the womb or thicker part of the masculine Seed but only the Fomentation of Warmth For being to hatch Chickens without themselves provident Nature has provided for them within the shells of the Eggs what was requisite and could not be conferr'd by any thing extrinsic that is a copious convenient Moisture wherein the spirituous part of the male Seed may form out of it self what is to be form'd and nourish it also with the same till it comes to the maturity of a Chicken And therefore it is that the Eggs of Fowl have a Yolk which is deny'd to all the Eggs of Creatures that bring forth living Conceptions In which sort of Creatures it neither is nor could be so For they being to bring forth large Births there could not be Nourishment sufficient contained in little Eggs by which the Birth might be augmented and nourished to such a Bigness Hence it is of necessity that extensive Nourishment must flow into the Eggs and come to the Birth and first the thicker parts of the male Seed already melted ought gently to receive the new form'd Body and nourish it by Apposition and then other more copious Nourishment must be conveighed by the Mother to the womb for the Nourishment of the large Birth Having thus spoken sufficiently in general of the matter of the Seed now let us a little more accurately consider the spirituous Part. XXIII Hippocrates discoursing of the spirituous Part writes in several Places that the Seed falls from all Parts that is to say that something is generated in every Part resembling the nature of the Part which being conveighed from each part to the Stones and mix'd with the thicker Matter together with that same thicker Matter composes the Seed containing in it self the Ideas of all and every part XXIV Aristotle ascribes a celestial Nature to this spiritual Part like the nature of the Stars For saith he there is in the Seed of all Creatures that which renders the Seed fruitful and is called Heat and yet no Fire nor any such Quality but a Spirit which is contained in the Seed and frothy Body as also Nature that is the Soul which is in that Spirit answerable in proportion to the Element of the Stars XXV Now that we may inquire more narrowly into the Original and Nature of this spirituous Part of the Seed we are first to understand that it is a most subtle Body produced by another Body having a fitness by the help of external Causes to produce and form another Body like to that from which it had its own Modelling For when this Body has gain'd a proper Matter wherein to subsist it is together with that matter deposited in a convenient place and freed from all Incumbrances XXVI That it is a Body is apparent because it is subject to corporeal Laws Putrefaction Corruption and Change c. and is produc'd by a Body and not from a rational Soul from which if it were produc'd it could not be corrupted for that being incorruptible must generate something incorruptible like it self But that it is corrupted is apparent in the Emission of fruitful Seed from which no Conception happens for then nothing is generated out of it but it perishes and is corrupted like other corruptible Substances XXVII That it is produced out of a Body is plain from hence that it is generated and not created As also that it is produced out of the Substance of the Seed dissolv'd by the ambient Heat and Moisture loosning the conjoyn'd Mass of the mix'd Body and is nothing else but a thin Vapour fluid and moveable volatiliz'd by the Heat For which reason it would easily fly away unless it were detain'd as being wrapt about by the thicker Particles of the Seed not so apt for Volatility and by and by straitly enclosed by the womb and its proper Membranes and in regard of its salt Particles of which for the most part it consists it were somewhat inclin'd to fixation and so were hindered and stop'd in its Flight XXVIII That it has an Aptitude from the convenient Matter of which it self consists and wherein it inheres by the help of external Causes to produce and form a Body like to that from whence it proceeded Experience teaches us But whence that Aptitude proceeds is not altogether so manifest XXIX That the Figures and Forms of Bodies arise from the various Constitution partly of the forming Cause partly of the Matter out of which they are compounded is a thing confessed among the Philosophers In Generation therefore a just and due Constitution and Disposition of the Matter is required that the formal Cause may act upon it and form and generate something out of it Now the foresaid Spirit rooted in the Seed containing in it self the forming Form call'd Nature both has and perfects that requisite disposition of Matter and that is the first Agent or Principle of the forming of the Birth and also the first and next Matter of the Parts to be delineated For there is a certain efficient Spirit infused into all natural Seeds which arising out of the thinnest and most volatile salt and sulphury Particles of the Seed it self concocted after a particular manner by the Heat and intermixed with the more fixed Particles of the Seed is the primary cause of Formation and the primary and next matter of the Body to be form'd and actuates the other Particles of the Seed and as it were leads the Dance of natural Motions which being coagulated absent extinct or suffocated there can be no Generation Now if such a Spirit be contain'd in all Seeds then certainly in the Seed of Man XXX Now a small Particle of this Spirit contains in it self the Ideas of all and singular the Parts of the whole Body which Parts it is able again to form out of it self when by the Assistance of the Uterine Heat being somewhat loosen'd and freed from the thicker Mass of the Seed it advances toward the Ovaries and enters the Eggs and in them now carried through the Tubes into the Womb it is agitated mov'd and rouz'd into Action For being agitated it acts
wholesom what shall we say to a Birth of nine Months which however is no Critical Month and yet most frequent and most wholesom What to the Tenth Month Certainly there is no Effervescency of the Body of the Infant as there is of the Humours which boyl at certain times and break forth Critically And therefore since there is no solid Effervescency in the solid parts of the Birth neither is there here any bad or good season of Critical Evacuations to be observed and thence no reason that Children born in the eighth Month should be thought less likely to live than those that are born in the seventh seeing that dayly Experience teaches us how that Children born in the eighth Month live as well as they that are born in the seventh For if they are born in the seventh Month and can be ripe so soon why not in the eighth why shall not the latter brook the Violence of the Air and the change of Nourishment as well as the former rather why not better seeing they are more mature In vain do many here alledge the great toil and tumbling of the Birth in the seventh Month more than in other Months by which he is so weakened and tvr'd that he cannot brook the Labour of Expulsion in the Eighth for these are idle Dreams refuted by the Women themselves who assure us that they perceive that extraordinary Motion no more in the seventh than in the sixth or eighth As vainly others fly to the numbers of Days Hours and Minutes confining the Exit of the Child to certain numbers when the incertainty of the days of delivery frequently delude those Numbers Lastly the Astrologers in vain endeavour to reconcile this matter by the benigne or malign aspects of Saturn as if Saturn rul'd always or at least that there were no Children born in the eighth Month but under his Reign whereas such Births frequently happen under the Dominion of other Benign Planets which seem to be secured from Saturn's Injuries by their Clemency and Benignity Besides Asto the Influences of the Stars how unknown and meerly conjectural they are not only the fallacious uncertain and contrary Judgments of Astrologers so frequent in their Writings demonstrate and of what little Prevalency and Efficacy they are experience teaches so that whether they have any power over things here below is not without reason questioned by many And hence though many in explaining the meaning of Hippocrates Concerning the Children born in the eighth Month by him pronounced short-liv'd have laboured very much and have studyed to underprop and adorn his Sentence with many fictions and pretences of Truth yet not only frequent and daily Observation but the Authority and Experience both of the Ancients and Moderns overturns all they have rear'd beyond the Limits of Greece For Galen says they are in a very great Errour that will not acknowledge the eighth Month for a due and natural time of delivery In like manner Aristotle asserts that Children born in the eighth Month live and grow up Nevertheless he adds that the words of Hippocrates may be interpreted in the best Sence But many dye in several places of Greece so that very few are preserved So that if any one there doth live he is not thought to be born in the eighth Month but that the Woman has mistaken her reckoning Pliny writes that in Egypt and Italy Children born in the eighth Month do live contrary to the Opinion of the Ancients and that Vastilia was happily brought to bed of Caesonia afterwards the Wife of Caius Among our Modern Authors Bonaventure saw three safe that were born in the eighth Month. So it is credibly reported that the Learned Vincent Pinelli together with his Sister were born Twins in the eighth Month as was also Cardinal Sfondrati and both his Sons Cardan brings five Examples of great Men all born in the eighth Month who lived and asserts moreover that in Egypt generally they live that are born in the eighth Month. Which if it has befallen so many Princes we may easily conjecture that the same as frequently happen among the ordinary People who seldom reckon so exactly Riolanus relates that in the Iland Naxus the Women are usually brought to bed in the eighth Month and Avicen gives the same Relation of the Spanish Women We find the same to be true in Holland and that it is so likewise in France England Scotland and all the Northern Countries is very probable because we never hear of any complaint against the eighth Month in any of those places V. Now the reason why some are born in the seventh some in the eighth and others in the ninth Month is to be ascribed to the difference of Regions Seasons Dyet Passions of the Mind Temperament of the Seed Womb and Woman her self by means whereof the heat of the Womb increases sometimes later and sometimes sooner So that sometimes there is need of a swifter sometimes a slower Ventilation Paulus Zachias seems to accuse Hippocrates and Aristotle of a Mistake for appointing so many uncertain limits for sound Delivery and believes that there is a certain time for the Delivery of Men as well as of Beasts that is to say the end of the ninth and beginning of the tenth and that all other Births either on this side or on that side are all preternatural occasion'd by some Morbifick Cause which is the reason of so many weak and distempered Children Which if it were true in those that are born before the nine Month Term then certainly the Mother or the Child would be affected with some Morbifick cause either before or after the Birth whereas in Children that come in the seventh Month which frequently happens any such bad affection rarely happens but that the Mother and the Child equally do well as if the Birth had bin delay'd till the end of the ninth Month nor is the Child more sickly or weaker than those that are born at the end of the ninth Month which are many times as sickly and weak as those that are born in the seventh Now as to those that are born beyond that Term it has been controverted among several whether any such thing happen and whether a Woman bring forth after that time In the mean while it is a Rule hitherto held certain environ'd with many probable reasons and the Authority of great Men that some Women may be brought to bed in the eleventh twelfth thirteenth and fourteenth Month and that the Children are duly born by reason of the weakness of the Infant or the Mother the Coldness of the Womb scarcity of Nourishment or some such like cause which may occasion Nature to delay the Appointed time of Birth as many famous Philosophers have perswaded themselves and others Hippocrates expresly asserts that Children are born in the eleventh Month. Aristotle admits the eleventh and no farther They that lye longer than the eleventh Month seem to lye hid that is that the Mother has
so manifestly operates those nobler Actions in Brutes and frequently in some seems to imitate the Actions of the Mind And this is that which we think is to be understood by Analogous to Reason which we can better admire at than explain XLVII Yet no man in his Wits will call this Analogon the Rational Incorruptible Soul since it proceeded from Corporeal Corruptible Matter and is propagated by Generation and not only operates imperfectly but is also corruptible and perishes with the Body whereas the Rational Soul did not proceed from the Matter of the Body but was created apart by God and by him infus'd operates perfect Actions is incorruptible and immortal and is separable from the Body and not only extends its Actions much farther than that corruptible Analogon but to Infinity According to that of the Heathen Prince of Philosophers It remains that the Mind alone comes from without that she is only Divine for no Corporeal Act communicates with her Actions For she contemplates not only the Substances of Things but Things also divested of their Substances She comprehends Knowledge beholds the Invisible God reaches to the Seats of the Blessed dives into the Nature of Offices of Angels with admiration she contemplates her self and knows what she is joyn'd to the Body and what abstracted from it views things long past as present examines Futurity and what will never be Possibilities and Impossibilities and endeavours to comprehend things innumerable and infinite None of which Operations are perform'd by the Analogon Which being Corporeal contemplates only things Corporeal Concerning this Matter has the Learned Willis written most elegantly who after he has alledged the knowing Faculty of the Corporeal Soul to be Fancy or Imagination which comprehends corporeal things under an appearing Image only and not always under a true one at length in these Words But indeed says he the Intellect presiding over the Imagination beholds all the Species deposited in its self discerns or corrects their Obliquities or Hypocrisies sublimes the Phancies thence drawn forth and divesting it from Matter forms universal Things from singular moreover it frames out of those some other more sublime Thoughts not competent to the Corporeal so it speculates both the Nature of every Substance and abstracted from the Individuals of Accident viz. Humanity Rationality Temperance Fortitude Corporeity Spirituality Whiteness and the like besides being carry'd higher it contemplates God Angels its Self Infinity Eternity and many other Notions far remote from Sence and Imagination And so as our Intellect in these kind of Metaphysical Conceptions makes things almost wholly naked of Matter or carrying it self beyond every visible Species of Matter it considers them wholly immaterial this argues certainly that the Substance or Matter of the Rational Soul is immaterial and immortal Because if this Aptness or Disposition were corporeal as it can conceive nothing incorporeal by Sence it should suspect there were no such thing in the World XLVIII Therefore the foresaid Analogon is the more excellent Spirit instructed by Nature produc'd out of corporeal Matter far exceeding the Condition of other Spirits produc'd out of Matter which Aristotle affirm'd to participate of the Nature of the Element of the Stars alledging that there is contain'd in every Seed a certain Spirit nobler than the Body which in Nature and Value answers to the Element of the Stars by which the Formation of the Birth in Brutes and other Actions are perform'd This is that Vivific Spirit which no man hitherto could perfectly describe Which being drawn forth out of the Matter by Heat dissolving the Matter acts again upon the Matter and variously disposes it in such a manner that besides many other Actions it produces the Nobler Actions in Brutes But this Disposition of the Parts which is an Effect of this Spirit or rather of Nature latent in the Spirit and the Medium by which it operates Modern Philosophers contrary to Reason constituted to be the Efficient Cause of the said Operations and so have made the Fabrick of Brutes like the Fabrick of Engines moving by Clock-work not considering that the appropriated disposition of Wheels and other parts in them proceeded not either from the Engine it self or from the Concoction Blowing or Motion of the Air Fire or other Matter but from the Hand of some Artificer who by that disposition carries on that Motion which he design'd in the Engine For Example sake the Wheels and other Parts of a Clock are so dispos'd as to show the Hours yet will it be of no use as to that purpose unless the Artificer pulls up the Weight at prefix'd times and makes the Clock go slower or faster according as the Weights are either lighter or heavier which he hangs on So in Brutes though the Parts be proportionable and well dispos'd for the performance of Actions yet unless there be something to change and excite those Parts to their design'd Operations they will act nothing So that Action proceeds neither from the innate disposition of the Parts nor from the Objects but from hence that it knows and perceives the Objects and incites the dispos'd Parts to various Operations which being but slightly consider'd by some was the reason that they understood not that the Propriety of Parts in Brutes requir'd likewise some more noble Artificer to direct that disposition and to be the Cause and Author of it and of the foresaid nobler Actions And by reason of these Operations of the Fancy in Brutes as in Mankind proceeds that more copious Influx of the Animal Spirits in Brutes and consequently their continu'd Generation of Milk XLIX Hence it appears how ill they argue who denying all Knowledge and Understanding in Brutes alledge 1. That Brutes seeing there can be no thinking Substance assign'd to 'em are depriv'd of all Sences 2. Every thinking Substance is immortal 3. There is no Sence without Conscience 4. No Conscience without the Thing thinking 5. No Thing thinking without any Rationality 6. No Rationality without Immortality L. The first is to be contradicted by every Ploughman for who will presume to deny That Beasts do excel some more some less in all the five Sences Who dares say That their Organs of Sence were assign'd 'em to no purpose by the Supream Creator or that they know not what is hurtful and what is for their Benefit and Advantage To the Second we have already answered That though such Actions cannot be perform'd without some thinking Substance yet is it not requisite that that Substance should be Immortal but something Analogous The Third and Fourth we grant to be true yet we must distinguish in the mean time between the Thing Thinking which is imperfect and mortal c. and the Thing Thinking which is immortal and perfectly rational of which the first is but a certain Analogon or slender Shadow which proves the Falshood of the Fifth when some Thinking Thing may be without perfect Rationality though as the Sixth says no
without our consent are transacted This new Fiction he endeavors to confirm by many Arguments which being examin'd are not strong enough to establish his Opinion However I deem his Diligence to be highly praise-worthy for having undertaken to illustrate so obscure a Mystery with a new and ingenious Invention For which Fracassatus greatly admires him and believes there by the hard Questions about natural Motions which are done with the privity of the Brain are excellently well resolv'd and that thereby many hidden things whose Causes and Reasons the Nature and Propriety of the Parts challeng'd to her self may be unfolded provided the Hypothesis be true which is suppos'd of the truth of the difference between the Spirits of the Brain and the Cerebel and their various influx into the several Nerves But the incertainty of this Hypothesis appears from hence for that Birds and several other Creatures have no Cerebel and yet have the same motion of the Heart the same Respiration and thrusting forward of the Chylus c. Lastly he adds that if peculiar Spirits serving to unvoluntary Motions were generated in the Brain they cannot possibly pass from thence into the Nerves of the sixth pair arising out of the long Pith much below the Cerebel which nevertheless afford Animal Spirits to several parts of the Breast and Abdomen to accomplish the said motions He might have added that though it should be granted that the said Spirits of the Cerebel should flow through the Nerves of the sixth pair how then should it be possible for the Spirits of the Brain serving to voluntary Motions to flow through the same Nerves which Motions however are perform'd in the Muscles of the Hyois the Larynx the Jaws and several other Muscles by the help of the Spirits flowing through these Nerves IX The Arabians by reason that the Cerebel is somewhat more hard and dry than the Brain have made it the Seat of the Memory and hence as they say it comes to pass that the hinder part of the Head being hurt the Memory becomes prejudic'd Whom the Observation of Benevenius seems to favour who relates the Story of a Thief who being taken and punish'd never remembred what he had done before In which Thief after his death they found the hinder part of his Head so short that it could hardly contain the least portion of his Cerebel But whether this Opinion of the Arabians be true or no may be judg'd by what has been said already concerning the Seats of the principal Faculties As to the Parts of the Cerebel Andrew Laurentius and Riolan believe that the fore part shuts and opens the Entrance into the fourth Ventricle like a Valve But in regard that of its self like the Brain it is void of proper motion it seems hardly capable of that Function and therefore the Varolian Bridge is thought to close the extream Circles of the Cerebel and to defend the noble Ventricle like a Bulwark XI The lower part of the Cerebel being rais'd up the hinder part or the fourth Ventricle discloses it self less than the rest Which is form'd out of the Trunks of the Spinal Marrow descending from the Cerebel and the third Ventricle of the Brain and somewhat distant one from another before they are all together united because the higher and lesser part of it is made by the Bosom of the Cerebel overcast with a slender Membrane but the lower and bigger part seems to be as it were in-laid into the long Pith having a hollowness resembling a Pen where it is shap'd for writing and therefore call'd Calamus Scriptorius Arantius calls this Ventricle the Cisâ—…ern Herophilus calls it the most principal and noble Ventricle and affirms that the Animal Spirits prepar'd in the upper Ventricles obtain there their chief Perfection and thence flow thro' the Pores into the Marrow and Nerves But in regard these Spirits are neither made nor contain'd in the upper Ventricles it is apparent that the Function of generating and perfecting Animal Spirits belongs as little to this Ventricle as to the other three especially seeing that neither the Matter out of which those Spirits are generated nor the Spirits made in the other Ventricles and to be perfected farther in this can be supply'd to this fourth Ventricle XII The long Marrow which falling down without the Cranium to distinguish it from the Marrow of the Bones properly so call'd is call'd the Spinal Marrow and is the harder part of the Brain and Cerebel close and white consisting partly within the Cranium about the length of four fingers Breadth and partly without in the Pipe of the Bones of the Spine extended to the end of the Os Sacrum XIII Though it be improperly call'd Marrow from a kind of resemblance which it has yet it differs in many things from the real Marrow of the Bones 1. In Substance as being neither so fat nor so moist as this which is like to Fat and subject to run will melt with the Fire and takes Fire like Oyl whereas the other will neither melt with Fire nor flame out 2. In Colour the one being whiter than the other 3. In the Coverings the one having two Membranes and the Bones to enclose it whereas this is cloath'd with no Membranes and is contain'd only in the Cavities and Porosities of the Bones 4. In the Use for that the one does not nourish the Bones as the other does but stretches out the Nerves which are the Channels of the Spirits to the Parts whereas the other has no Nerves that derive themselves from it And therefore for distinction's sake the one is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Spinal by others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Dorsal by others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as descending through the Neck Back and Loyns and filling the whole Spine Upon these Considerations the great Hippocrates distinguishes the Spinal Marrow from the Marrow of the Bones For says he the Marrow which is call'd the Dorsal Marrow descends from the Brain but has not in its self much of Fat or glutinous as neither has the Brain therefore neither is the name of Marrow proper for it for it is not like the other Marrow contain'd in the Bones which has Tunicles also which the other has not And Galen treading the Footsteps of Hippocrates affirms that the Spinal Marrow is not rightly and properly call'd Marrow But all this Dispute is sav'd by the English who call it Pith. XIV It is mov'd also according to the motion of the Brain â—…ot of it self but by the motion of the Arteries which keeps time with the motion of the Brain but is weaker in regard that part is stronger and neither so soft nor moist XV. The Substance of it is fibrous as may be seen by the help of a Microscope compacted as it were with innumerable long strings softer above but when it has reach'd the middle of
of Diet for want of a thinner who are therefore slower to all manner of Animal Actions and of dull Wits Whereas on the other side they who live in hotter Regions abounding with plenty of all sorts of wholesom Diet and seldom feed upon salt or smoak'd Meats but accustom themselves to a thinner and more wholesom sort of Diet and consequently are serv'd by their Bowels with better Concoctions their Humors and Spirits are thinner and more volatile and their Bodies and Wits more nimble and active Aristotle indeed says that Melancholy People are ingenious but this is not to be understood of such as are altogether melancholy and together with a thicker blood have thicker Spirits but of such as incline to Melancholy and consequently whose Spirits are neither too thin and volatil for such are too movable and inconstant nor too thick for they are stupid but in a middle temper between both And therefore such People are neither too quick nor too redious in the transaction of Business but prudently weigh and judge of things before they proceed to Execution XI Perhaps it may seem strange to some People that the salt Particles should be made so subtil and spirituous as to be able to pass freely thro' the invisible Pores of the Nerves But they will cease to wonder when they observe in Chymistry the extraordinary Subtility and Volatility of Volatile Salt and how swiftly the Spirits of Salt will pass through the invisible Pores of the earthen Vessels Nay if they only consider how common Salt without any mixture of Water or Moisture being dissolv'd into Pickle will penetrate through the thick sides of wooden Vessels and sweat through Stone Pots overcast both within and without with a Glassie Crust as we find in those Vessels where we salt our Beef or keep our pickl'd Fish If then fix'd Salt only melted passes through the Pores of the Vessels how much more easily will the most subtil Spirit of volatil Salt pierce through the Pores of the Nerves XII Here some will object That Salts and Acids are sharp and corroding so that if the Animal Spirits were generated out of the salt Particles of the Blood and consequently participated of any Saltness they would corrode all Parts whatever by reason of their Acrimony which would occasion Pains and many Inconveniencos I answer That it is certain that the Animal Spirits are indu'd with some slight Acrimony but not so much as to occasion any sensible molestation because that exceeding Acrimony which is in fix'd Salt by reason of the sharp pungent Particles conjoyn'd with it becomes mild in that volatil and vaporous Spirit because the small sharp Particles being dissolv'd are more remote one from another and their Force is broken by the intervening Air or some steamy Vapour For example if any one go into a Cellar and draw in the Air that is all intermix'd with a most subtil exhaling Spirit or if he snuff up into his Nostrils the spirituous Vapor of Wine heated at the Fire yet shall he not feel the least grievance nor perceive any Acrimony which he would do if he snuft up into his Nostrils the Spirit it self fix'd in the Liquor So in our great Salt-Works where the Sea-Salt is boyl'd and depurated the exhaling Vapors being impregnated with the volatil Salt if they be taken in at the Mouth or Nostrils little or no Salt-Savour shall be perceiv'd therein whenas the fix'd Salt is most sharp And this comes to pass because the Forces which are conjoyn'd in the fix'd and thick Body and for that Reason are very powerful in the dissolv'd and vaporous Body are separated and thereby render'd weak and of no strength And this is the Cause why the Animal Spirits do not corrode because that being dissolv'd into a most subtil Vapor they have not so much Acrimony in them as can be troublelom to any Part. To this we add that they have a most thin and subtil serous Vapor together with so much sulphury Spirit joyn'd with them for a Vehicle which does not a little weaken and temper the Acrimony Moreover the Parts themselves through which they pass and into which they flow partake of some other Moisture which also much weakens and diminishes their Acrimony XIII From what has been said it is sussiciently apparent that the generation of the Animal Spirits is not Animal but meerly Natural and that they differ not only in some Accidents or Qualities but in their whole Kind from the Vital For in these the sulphury Juice mixt with the salt is far more prevalent in those there is very little sulphury or any other Juice apt to take Fire These are extracted out of the Chylus and veiny Blood those only out of the salt part of the arterious blood These flow visible through the large Arteries and Veins those invisible through the invisible Pores of the Nerves Over those the Soul has no power over these it has And therefore there is a vast difference between the Animal and Vital Spirits But now the Question is whether the Animal Spirits themselves do not differ one from another in Substance in Manner and Place of Generation and in Use Whether some are not generated out of the Blood others out of the Lympha or some other Matter Also whether some are not generated in the foremost others in the middle others in the hindmost Ventricle Or as Willis lately tells us whether some are not made in the Substance of the Brain others of the Cerebel Lastly whether some peculiar and differing from the rest do not cause the Sight others the Feeling others the Hearing others the arbitrary Motion and others the spontaneous Motion I answer That the Animal Spirits are not generated out of a different Matter nor in various Parts for we take the Brain and Cerebel for one part neither do they differ one from another but are all of the same Nature Composition and Condition but that the diversity of their Operations arises from the diversity of the nature condition of the Parts into which they flow as those which flow into the parts adapted for feeling as the Membrane Skin those cause the Feeling those that flow into the Eye cause the Sight those that flow into the Ear cause the Hearing those that flow into the Muscles Fibers and other Parts ordain'd for Motion cause Motion though they be the same and no way different as every Instrument is adapted to this or that proper Action In the same manner as the Beams of the Sun which though they be always the same and proceed from one Sun neither confer any other Light or other Strength or any other thing to any other Things yet produce most different effects according to the difference of the Constitutions of the things into which they flow For here they produce Barly there Trees in another place Stones here Worms or Fish sometimes Insects or other things Here they extinguish Life there they are the cause
superficial contiguous or disjoyn'd white or ruddy livid violet or other colored soft or hard high or low quick or slowly coming forth External or Internal CHAP. III. Of the Causes of the Small Pox. THE Causes of the Small Pox are External or Internal Concerning which there are various and great Contentions among the most Eminent Physitians so much the more vainly eager because of little or no use in regard that whatsoever be the cause of the Distempers the cure is still the same Avicen and most of the Arabians the first most accurate Describers of these Diseases refer the material Cause to the Impurity of the Mothers Blood slagnant in the Woman with Child and with which the Birth was nourished in the Womb. Which Corruption they write lyes dormant so long in the Body till by vertue of some specific efficient Cause it be provoked to a fermentaceous Effervescency and being powred forth into the Mass of the Blood it sets it all in a boiling Condition and by that means separates that Defilment adhering from the Birth to some minute Particles of the Body and being so separated pushes it forward together with the Particles of the Blood so defiled by it to the Extream Parts of the Body and there raises up those Wheals as in new Wine the Heterogeneal Parts are separated from the Homogeneal Parts of the Wine by Fermentaceous Ebullition Avenzoar seems to differ somewhat from Avicen for observing that the Birth in the Womb without hazard of Life can hardly be nourished by the impure menstruous Blood restagnant therein but with some other Blood good of it self only by reason of its Fellowship with the menstruous Blood defiled by its Superior Corruption and farther that Men in the Womb must be nourished either with some such menstruous Blood or some other impure Blood and for that reason contracted that Impurity from the first Nutrition of the Parts Hence it was that the Arabians believed that all Men were subject to the Small-Pox in regard that Impurity was again to be separated from the Parts So that if that Specific Fermentaceous Effervescency be strongly and efficiently performed at the first coming of the Small-Pox then that Impurity becomes totally evacuated and then the Person to whom that Disease happens lives free from that Distemper all the rest of his Life as when Butter is once by a strong Churming separated from Milk turning sowr no Churming how violent soever can separate any more Butter from it But if that Effervescency be not violent enough that Impurity happens not to be totally expelled and so the same Person when the Reliques of that Defilement ferment again upon some other Cause may happen to have the same Distemper a second and third time but rarely a fourth Duncanus Liddelius stoutly defends the Opinion of the Arabians which is also followed by Fracastorius Amatus Forestus and several other Physitians and among the rest by Thomas Willis Lib. de Feb. c. 15. Where among other Reasons for greater Confirmation he adds these Words In the Womb of Woman says he as in most other Creatures there is generated a certain Ferment which being communicated to the Mass of Blood gives it Vigor and Spirit and causes it to swell at certain Periods of Time and procures an Expulsion of the Superstâ—…ous Blood But at the time of Conception when the Flowers cease to â—…low the chiefest Part of this Ferment is expended upon the Birth and the Particles of it heterogeneous from some of the rest as it were somewhat of foreign Substance are confused with the Mass of the Blood and Humors where they lye dormant a long time Afterwards being stirred and provoked by some evident Cause they ferment with the Blood and make it first boyl and then congeal from whence various Symptoms of this Disease arise Gentilis rejects this Opinion of the Arabians not believing the Birth to be nourished in the Womb with any Impure Blood nor that so much Impurity could abide for so many years in Men grown up and old People when they are seized with the Small-Pox after so many Purgations by Sweat Fevers Itches and other intervening Diseases besides the Cure of the Great Pox nor can he think but that Women must be cleared of those Impurities in so long a time by their monthly Evacuations Mercurialis complies with Gentilis who also asserts that the Small Pox is a Hereditary Disease and consequently that there is hardly any Man who can escape them because all Men are born of Parents vitiated by this Distemper and he endeavours to confirm this Opinion of his by several sinewy Reasons which however Daniel Sennnertus overthrows by others much the stronger Fernelius observing something occult in the Productions of the Small Pox besides the various Reasons propounded by Gentilis and others affirms that they are produced by sâ—…me Celestial and hidden Causes which when Infants and Children are less able to withstand than People grown up Hence he says it happens that the one are much more Subject to this Disease than the other But this Opinion of Fernelius is notably refuted by Mercurialis Lib. de Morb. Puer Sennertus grants the Small Pox to rise and be thrust forth by some certain and determined putrid Ebullition of the Humors but he will have this Ebullition to arise from three Causes from the Malignant Air from the Mothers Blood and vitious Nourishment and labours in a large Explanation of his this his own and the Opinion of the Arabians and Fernelius But to speak the truth none of these Opinions please me Not that of the Arabians because besides the Reasons alledged by Gentilis there is this one more For that seeing that Defilement contracted from the Mothers Blood is asserted to be common to all Men there would be no Man excused from this Disease which is contrary to Experience when several that have liv'd to an extream old Age never had the Small-Pox in their Lives as we have known several in our own Family Besides if the Impurity of the Menstruous Blood communicated to the Birth were the Cause of the Small-Pox why are not those Women themselves subject to it whose Flowers stop beyond the Course of Nature especially they who never had their Courses in all their Lives yet for all that were fruitful and had several Children of which Women there are several Examples to be found in Trincavellius Guainerius Bertinus Marcellus Donatus Ioubert Fabricius and several others Besides that private Defilement of every Woman could very hardly infect others by Contagion or excite a latent Contamination in the Bodies of others to a like Ebullition If you say it may then give me a Reason why all they that fit by and attend upon People when the Pox is come forth and endure their Stenches are not infected with the Small Pox though they never had them before Why has not that Contagion infected me that am near seventy years of Age who have visited thousands in the height
two handfuls Seeds of Lettice Parsley Dill an Ê’ij Fat Figs. noÌ„ vij new Milk and Water an 〈◊〉 ij boyl them to the Consumption of the third part then strain them After he had used this Apozem two days he voided every day much viscous and tough Matter together with his Urin and after he had made use of two of these Decoctions he was quite freed from his troublesome Distemper ANNOTATIONS THere are various Causes of the difficulty of making water Inflammation Imposthume Stone in the Bladder the Flesh grown over a cold Distemper of the Bladder and Sphincter thick and viscous humors either mixed with Urine or sticking close to the Bladder and it's Sphincter with several others of the same Nature of which the two latter are the most frequent But all in particular do not only cause a difficulty of Urine but sometimes absolutely stop the Urine as it happened to the Boy before mentioned which they who cut off the Stone had viewed and thought he had the Stone and judged him to be cut But I believing his Distemper arose not from the Stone but from a thick and tenacious Flegm that stopped up the Bladder and the passage of it as I had observed had frequently happened to younger Children rather chose to begin the Cure with attenuating lenifying and Diuretic Medicaments seeing that many times such Medicaments expel little stones also But in this case when Children cannot swallow ungrateful Medicines I have known flowers oâ—… Camomil boyl'd in new Milk with Figsâ—… do a great deal of good especially iâ—… after the boiling and the straining the said Flowers be lay'd to hot to the Region of the Hair and the Decoction at the same time given to drink Forestus in the same case commends Pellitory and Chervil boiled and applied hot to the Region of the Hair with Butter and Oyl of Scorpions Mercurialis applauds Garlick bruised and applied to the Bladder Amatus of Portugal extols a Turnep hollow'd and fill'd with Oyl of Dill and then roasted in the Embers afterwards bruised and laid on OBSERVATION VIII Suppression of the Courses JOan Elberty a strong Maid of about twenty four Years of Age complained that her Purgations had stopped for four Months so that she was in a very bad Condition tortured with pains in her left side and Head sometimes troubled with Suffocations and her Stomach quite gone After I had ordered her an attenuating and heating Diet and forbid her all things that generate tough and viscous Humours the sixth of Ianuary I Purged her with Electuary of Hiera Picra then I prescribed her this Apozem to drink three times a day â„ž Roots of Lovage Master-wort Fennel stone Parsley Valerian an â„¥ s. Sassafrass-wood Ê’iij Nep Mag-wort Peny-royal white-Mint Fever-few an one handful Flowers of Camomil half a handful Seeds of Lovage wild Carrots Gith an Ê’ij Laurel Berry Ê’j s. Tartar of Rhenish-wine Ê’vj stoned Raisins â„¥ ij common Water q. s. boyl these for an Apozem of two pints The 11th of Ianuary I Purged her again with an Infusion of the Flowers of Senna and Agaric with a mixture of Hiera Picra The next day I prescribed her another Apozem to drink like the former â„ž Root of Master-wort â„¥ j. of Elecampane Valerian Parsley an â„¥ s. Dittany round Birth-wort an Ê’iij Mug-wort Nep Savio Foverifew Rue Peny-Royal an one handful Southernwood Flowers of Camomil an one handful Seeds of Parsley Gith Lovage wild Carrots an Ê’j s. red Vetches â„¥ j. s. common Salt and White-wine an equal parts make an Apozem for two pints Fourteenth of Ianuary I prescribed her this Electuary of which she was to take the quantity of a Filberd before she drank of her Apozem â„ž Specier Diacurcume Cremor Tartar Trochists of Myrrh Hoglice prepared Steel prepared an Ê’j seeds of Parsley Nep Venetian Borax an Ê’ s. Salt Prunella Eastern Saffron an ℈ j. reduce all these into a very fine Powder to which add Oyl of Iuniper Amber an ℈ j. of Dill drops vij Electuary of Hiera Picra â„¥ s. Syrup of preserved Elecampane Roots q. s. make an Electuary Moreover because she felt a hardness at the bottom of her Belly about her Navel I prescribed this Sere-cloth â„ž Gum Opoponax Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar Emplaster de Cumino of Melilot an Ê’ij of Castor Pulverized Ê’j mix them and make them into a Roll to be spread q. s. upon red Leather The nineteenth of Ianuary she was let Blood in the Saphena Vein of the left Foot and bled indifferent well The last Apozem was repeated again which she took together with her Electuary till the twenty eight of Ianuary at what time her courses came down very copious after that she was very well in Health ANNOTATIONS A Long suppression of the Courses is oft-times the Cause of very great Distempers For from hence arise Suffocations of the Matrix and the pale Colours of Virgins hence Palpitations of the Heart Vertigo's terrible pains in the Head Joynts Back and Loyns Fevers Swooning Fits Coughs difficult breathing Cholic and Nepheretic pains and lastly the evil continuing long Melancholy Passions swelling of the Bowels and Dropsies Therefore the Cure is not to be delay'd for the longer the Courses stop with so much the more difficulty are they provoked to come down The Cause of this Distemper is the Narrowness of the Vessels of the Womb which again are accompanied with several other Causes as Obstruction Constipation Coalescence or growing together Compression and Settlement But the most frequent Cause is an obstruction occasioned by thick and viscous humors Which thickness and viscousness is either in the Blood it self when it is too cold or viscous or else when Excrementitious Flegmatic and Melancholy Humors are mixd with the good Blood and with that good Blood carried to the Veins of the Womb where they cause the Oppelation But this Obstruction and Viscousness of the Humors as it is more or less or has been of longer or shorter Continuance so the Cure is performed by gentler or more violent Medicaments with more ease or more difficulty But in the Cure of our Patient we were forced to use the stronger Medicaments as well in regard of the cold season of the Year as the greatness of the Obstruction For she was wont to eat green Fruit and course Meats that beget a viscous and cold Nourishment which had gathered together a great quantity of the thick and crude Humors OBSERVATION IX An incurable Hoarsness A Holland Boor in a quarrel between Carters had received a wound with a Knife in the right side of his Neck near his Throat The wound was soon cured by a Chyrurgeon After some Months he came to me to prescribe him something for an Extraordinary hoarsness with which he began to be troubled so soon as he had received the wound and which the Physitian who had had him in Cure together with the Chyrugeon could no way remove with all the Looches Lozenges and Decoctions which they
engenders the Stone and causes the Gout is the Sal Tartar which is more sharp and four times more abounding in Rhenish-wine than in French or Canary or any other Wine which tartareous Salt not being well digested in some Bodies is separated from the Mass of Blood and with the Serum carried to the Kidneys and so hardens into Stones and being expell'd into the Joynts causes most dreadful Torments For the Nature of Salts is by corroding other Bodies to reduce them into Atoms and associate to themselves This Corrosion is the Cause of the Gout for while the tartarous Salt corrodes the nervous and membranous Parts and endeavours to associate them to its self those cruel Pains are excited which are mitigated by an Afflux of watry Humors for Salt dissolv'd with much moisture looses its Acrimony But you 'l say why does not this Salt cause as great Pains in the Kidneys as in the Joynts because the most subtle and acrimonious part of it is dissolved by the continual Passage of the Urine and carried away with the Urine through the Bladder but the thick gravelly and earthly Substance remains which does not offend so much by its Acrimony as by its Bulk and roughness Now the reason why the German Wines abound with Tartar is because the very Soil of Germany it self where the Vines grow aboundeth with Tartar nor is there any Plant which sucks up the salt and tartarous Parts of the Earth more than the Vine And therefore it is that in many Places of Moravia Austria Bohemia and Hungaria where the Soil is such that most Men are troubled with the Gout or Stone in the Kidneys and Bladder or both Lastly that Wine engenders the Gout is apparent from hence for that the Forbearance of VVine cures it Of which the Physicians bring many Examples and M. Donatus himself confesses that he was cured of the Gout by leaving off VVine for two years OBSERVATION LXX An Extream Pain under the Sternon-Bone LIeutenant More in the Flower of his Age in Ianuary felt a most terrible Pain which extended it self in a right Line from the top of the Aspera Arteria to the upper Orifice of the Stomach all along the Sternon-bone and so cruelly tormented the Person that he could not move himself one way nor other He neither had any Cough or difficulty of Breathing his Lungs and Aspera Arteria were perfectly free nor did his Gullet pain him in swallowing neither lastly was there any thing to be seen outwardly The Pain lay under the Sternon where it is fastned to the Mediastrinum or in the Membrane annexed to it withinside which was thus occasioned The Patient the Evening before had been hard drinking a strong sort of French Wine at a great Supper and with that and a very great Fire all the time in the Room had over-heated himself to a great degree After which going home at Midnight in a Sweat of a suddain by the way he was taken with a violent Cold for it freezed very hard hence the Pores being presently shut the hot and sharp Vapors being condensed and congealed stuck to the inner Membrane of the Sternon-bone which almost numb'd that part with the sharpness of the pain that was still encreasing by the motion of the Breast For the Cure of this Malady I loosened his Body with a Glister and then prescribed him this Sudorific to take warm ℞ Treacle ℈ iiij Extract of Carduus Ben. and Angelica an ℈ j. English Saffron gr vj. Of Treacle-water ℥ ij Oyl of Anise gr iiij Mix them for a Potion Upon this he sweat very well but the pain continued as before After he had sweat I applied the following Cere-cloth to the place affected ℞ Powder of Castor Cloves Benjamin Saffron an ℈ j. Galbanum dissolved in Wine ℥ s. Melilot Oxicroceum ʒiij Mix them and make a Cere-cloth to be spread upon Leather as long as the Part affected four Fingers broad and anoint the same with Oyl of Nutmegs distilled After this Cere-cloth had stuck six or seven hours to the Part the pain began to abate very much so that the Patient could move himself with more ease The next day he took a Purge and had five Stools which done after the Cere-cloth had stuck on three days the pain went quite off and the Gentleman went abroad well in Health But afterwards in February having over-heated himself with drinking of Spanish Wine the same Cere-cloth cured him again in three days OBSERVATION LXXI The Head-ach PEter Ioannis an Ale-brewers Servant a strong Fellow in Ianuary when it freezed very hard was taken with a terrible pain in his Head otherwise ailing nothing by reason of which pain he could take no Rest night nor day for several Days and Nights together which not only caused the loss of his Stomach but also a Delirium nevertheless the Patient was so obstinate that he would take no Physic only by much perswasion he would admit of Topics Thereupon for present ease I prescribed the following Fomentation with which being warm I ordered his Head to be fomented and Napkins four times doubled and dipt in the Fomentation to be laid all over his Head and to be shifted as they grow cold and this is to be continued all the Night long ℞ Rosemary Vervain Betony Thyme an m. j. Marjoram m. j. s. Sage m s. Flowers of Cammomil and Melilot an m. j. of Dill and Stoechas an m. s. Seeds of Cummin and Dill Lawrel Berries an ℥ s. White-wine q. s. Boil them to lb iij. To the Straining add Spirit of Wine ℥ iiij For a Fomentation The next day the pain was much abated but in regard the Patient refused all manner of Physic the Fomentation was continued for two days by which time his Sleep returned and the pain went almost all off only some remainder of pain in his Fore-head a little above his Nose with some Obstruction of his Nostrils which proceeding from a tough Flegm closely adhering to the Ethmoids-bone I prescribed him a sneezing Medicine of the Juice of the Root of Betony which when he had drawn up into his Nostrils first opened with a Quill he voided from his Palate and Nostrils a great quantity of tough Flegm and so was quite freed from his intollerable pain ANNOTATIONS I Confess this Course of curing without any Evacuation or Diversion preceding was not so safe for that the flegmatic Humors collected in the Brain and attenuated by the hot Fomentation might have easily fallen upon some noble Bowel not without great danger but in regard the great abundance of Humors threatned either an Apoplexy or a Delirium or a Lethargy and the Intensness of the Pain a Fever and for that the Patient refused to take any Physic not so much as a Glister nor would suffer Blood-letting I was forced for the prevention of greater Mischiefs to proceed as I did to Topics remembring the Saying of Celsus 'T is no matter whether the Remedy be safe when there is no
the Nerves or too much Relaxation so that being oppressed with weight they are extended with Pains but this sort of Gout is not so terrible For the second Cause of the Gout proceeds from the salt sharp and tartarous Humors separated from the Blood and thrust forward upon the Joynts Therefore says Sennertus I must conclude that a sharp salt subtil Humor nearest to the Nature of salt Spirits is the Cause of the Gout Let any Man call it by what other Name he please Choler or Flegm mixed with Choler Salt or Tartar so the thing be rightly understood In vain therefore Physicians have hitherto sought for the Cause of the Gout in the Heat and Drougth of Choler or the Moisture and Cold of Flegm for they are not the first but the second Qualities which induce those Pains that is the Salt and the Acrimony which corrode and gnaw those Parts Therefore says Hippocrates 't is not hot cold moist and dry that have the acting Power but bitter and salt sweet and acid insipid and sharp which if rightly tempered together are no way troublesome but when alone and separated one from the other then they give the Vexation and shew themselves c. In the Cure of the first in regard the Cause proceeds from a depraved Disposition of the Brain therefore the Brain is to be evacuated and corroborated to prevent these Excrements from gathering any more in that place The Parts affected also are to be corroborated with Topics warming the Parts dissipating and drying up the crude Humors In the Cure of the hot Gout the salt Humors are to be evacuated and purged away by inward Medicaments before they be pushed forward into the Joynts and that their Generation may be prevented Topics also must be made use of to temper the Acrimony of the salt Humors to dissolve dissipate and evacuate by transpiration those Humors the Forms of which I shall give in another place OBSERVATION XCIV A Pain in the Stomach with Vomiting PEtronella Beekman a Maid about twenty seven or twenty eight years of age the nineteenth of Iune was taken with an intolerable Pain in the upper part of her Belly which extended it self sometimes to the Right sometimes to the Left but most to the Sides She had a Vomiting likewise sometimes more gentle sometimes vehement which brought up all her Meat Sometimes her vehement Vomiting brought a Pint or a Pint and a half of black Water with some tough Flegm At the top of this Water swam certain little Bodies about the bigness of a Filberd in Colour and Consistence resembling Butter When these came up she had some ease for two or three hours but then her pain returned again She had no Fever no Tumor in her Spleen no Obstruction in her Kidneys and she made Water without trouble but very thick neither did she void any Gravel either before or after nor was there any Distemper to be perceived in her Womb where all things proceeded according to Nature nor had bad Diet been the cause of her Distemper but what that buttery Substance should be I could not certainly tell for my Life only I conjectured that it might be some corrupt Choler preternaturally chang'd into that Substance However the first thing I did was to stop her Vomiting to which purpose I caused her Stomach to be anointed with Oyl of Nutmegs and applied a warm Cataplasm to it of Mint Red Roses Nutmegs Cloves Mastich Olibanum sowre Ferment and Vinegar of Roses but all to no purpose The next day her Pains and Vomiting having very much weakned her I gave her a corroborating Medicament of Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae Treacle and Cinnamon-water and Syrup of Limons equal parts to take frequently in a Spoon which stay'd with her The twenty first of Iune I applied to the Region of her Stomach a corroborating Plaister of Tacamahacca Galbanum Cloves Benjamin and the like The twenty second I gave her a gentle Purging Draught which she presently brought up again then I ordered her a Glister which gave her two or three Stool but her cruel Pain and Vomiting continued still The twenty fourth I gave her one Scruple of Pill Ruffiae which stay'd with her and gave her three Stools about Evening and then because the Plaister was troublesome I took it off and applied in the Room a Linnen Quilt filled with Mint Wormwood Sage Flowers of Cammomil Melilot Dill Nutmegs Cumin-seed Fennel and Dill-seed which Quilt was boiled in strong Wine and applied to her Stomach The twenty eighth she took another Glister The twenty ninth about night I gave her two Scruples of Philonium Romanum prepared with Euphorbium in a little Wine which caused her to sleep that Night four hours whereas she had not slept till then from the beginning of her Distemper the next day her Pain returned nevertheless the Philonium seemed to have endeavoured some Concoction for that she began to belch which gave her some ease wherefore about Evening I gave her two Scruples of Philonium The first of Iuly she belched more freely therefore that Evening I gave her Philonium again The next day her Pains abated and her Vomiting ceased and at Noon she supp'd a little Broth which was the first Nourishment she had taken since her Sickness Iuly the third she took Pill Ruffiae to loosen her Belly The fourth of Iuly her Pains encreasing I prescribed her an Amigdalate but she brought it up again Therefore the sixth of Iuly I gave her two Scruples and a half of Philonium which caused her to rest indifferently The next day her Pains abated so that at night the same Dose of Philonium was again given her as also the next Evening The ninth of Iuly in the Morning she took Pill Russiae and in the Evening Philonium again and so for three Evenings more one after another by which means her Pains and Vomiting ceased her Appetite returned and she recovered her Health The twenty third of November she was again taken with the same Pains and Vomiting thereupon after I had purged her Body with Pills I gave her Philonium again which gave her ease and so continuing the use of Philonium for twelve Evenings together and loosning her Body every day with Pills at length I mastered the Obstinate Disease so that for six years together I knew her safe and sound from that and all other Distempers OBSERVATION XCV A Bastard Intermitting Tertian Ague HErman N. in the Vigor of his Age in the beginning of March was taken with a Bastard intermitting Tertian Ague which began with a great Coldness and ended in a violent Heat it came every other day but at uncertain hours sometimes sooner sometimes later During the Fit his Head ach'd violently and he was very faint his Stomach was gone and his Strength much wasted After he had taken many things in vain from other Physicians coming to me I gave him half a Dram of lucid Aloes reduced into Pills which gave him five Stools afterwards I
Air no less troublesome to it IV. Which Vellication of the Nerve being communicated to the Nerve and perceived by the Mind presently more copious Spirits were determined to the Place affected for its Relief which distending in breadth the Nerve and Muscle belonging to it but contracting it in length caused the Convulsion By the Pain of this Convulsion the Head being troubled sends the Animal Spirits disorderly to these or other lower Parts and so contracting them in the same manner the Contraction happens not only in the wounded but in other Parts likewise and from this great Disturbance of the Brain and Animal Spirits happens a Delirium V. This is a dangerous Malady for besides the Nerves and Muscles the noble Bowel is distmpered Therefore says Hippocrates a Convulsion ensuing a Wound is very dangerous But the Youth and Strength of the Patient promises great hopes of Cure besides that the Convulsion proceeds from an external Cause that may be removed VI. The Method of Cure consists in keeping the Patient warm and in a warm Place in removing the sharp and biting Oyntment and washing the Wound with Barley-water boiled with Hyssop and a little Honey dissolved in it then put a Tent into it dipped in this Oyntment â„ž The Yolk of an Egg n â— j. Honey Turpentine an Ê’iij Spirit of Wine Ê’ij Then lay on Emplaster of Betony or Melilot VII The Parts afflicted and especially the wounded Arm are to be fomented with this Fomentation â„ž Marjoram Rosemary Betony Calamint Hyssop Basil an M. j. Flowers of Dill M. ij Of Chamomil Melilot an M. j. s. Seeds of Cumin â„¥ j. of Lovage Ê’iij Of Dill â„¥ s. White-wine q. s. Boil them to lbiij VIII After Fomentation strongly chaâ—…e the Parts affected with this Liniment warm â„ž Martiate Oyntment Oyl of Ireos Oyl of Foxes Earth-worms and Spike an â„¥ j. Oyl of Castor â„¥ s. IX In the mean time after a Glister given let the Parties take a Draught of this Apozem to strengthen the Brain and Nerves â„ž Root of sweet Cane Fennel Male Piony an Ê’vj Herbs Of Majoram Rue Betony Rosemary Baum Basil Calamint an M. j. Flowers of Stoechas M. s. Fennel Seed Ê’ij Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water q. s. Boil them to lbj s. Then mix Water of Tilet Flowers Syrup of Stoechas an â„¥ iij. X. Now and then let her take a small quantity of this Conditment â„ž Species Diambra ℈ iiij Candied Root of sweet Cane Conserve of Flowers of Sage Betony Anthos an â„¥ s. Syrup of Stoechas q. s. XI Lastly clap such a quilted Cap upon her Head â„ž Leaves of Marjoram M. s. Of Rosemary Betony Flowers of Dill Melilot an Two little Handfuls Nutmegs Ê’j Benjamin Ê’s Beat them into a Gross Powder for a quilted Cap. XII The Convulsion ceasing the Body must be purged with an Infusion of Leaves of Senna Rubarb Agaric c. or with Cochiae or Golden Pills Diaphenicon or Diaturbith with Rubarb And then return to the use of the foresaid Apozem and Conditement XIII Her Diet must be easie of Digestion condited with Marjoram Hyssop Rosemary Betony Sage Anise-seed Fennel-seed and the like Let her sleep Long and take her Rest as much as may be And be sure the Body evacuate regularly HISTORY XV. Of the Epilepsie A Boy of eight years of Age indifferent lusty no care being had of his Diet first became sad and the Winter being past often complain'd of a grievous Head-ach In March as he was at play he fell down of a sudden quite senseless writh'd his Eyes and clutch'd his two Thumbs hard in his Fists That Fit soon went off but the next day it returned much more vehement attended with manifest Convulsions of the Body From that time the Fits returned twice thrice and four times a Week with more terrible Convulsions But in the Summer they were much gentler and not so frequent But the Autumn following especially near Winter the Fits took him very often and very violent and that too of a sudden without any warning with horrid Convulsions and Foming at the Mouth And at last the I continuance and violence of the Distemper had so disordered the Animal Functions that the Child was become sottish I. THAT the Boys Brain was affected was plain by the distress of the Animal Functions II. This Distemper is called an Epilepsie Which is a Convulsion of the whole Body not perpetual with which the Party taken falls to the Ground with an intercepting of the Senses and Functions of the Mind rising from a Peculiar malignant and acrimonious Matter III. Bad Diet contributes much to the breeding of this Disease as the greedy devouring of bad and raw Fruit which heaps up Crude and Flegmatic Humors in a Flegmatic Body and these filling the Brain first caused the Head-ach then through their long stay in the Brain obtaining a certain peculiar pravity and acrimony constitute the containing Cause of the Epilepsis IV. From this depraved and acrimonious Humor exhale sharp and malignant Vapors which as often as they twitch and bite the beginning of the Nerves about the heat of the common Sensory so often they cause the Fit For while Nature endeavors to shake off that troublesom Acrimony from the sensible Parts it happens that as the Spirits flow in greater or less quantity into them they contract and relax alternately and move the rest of the Nerves and Muscles of the Body after the same manner whence those short and frequent Convulsions V. Now because this Malignant and sharp Humor chiefly and oftenest afflicts the small diminutive Nerves near the seat of the common Sensory hence it comes to pass that the fit so suddainly seizes For so soon as those little Nerves feel that Acrimony Nature endeavors to shake it off And because that endeavor is made and begins near the common Sensory therefore there is a stop put upon the Functions of the Senses and Mind For in regard the Pine Kernel is presently affected and for that the Influx of the Animal Spirits through the Nerves sometimes contracted sometimes relaxed can never be regular hence it happens that the Organs of the Senses become defective in their Functions and by reason of that disorderly Influx of the Spirits into the Nerves and Muscles the Patient presently falls VI. The Fits are milder and not so frequent in Summer For that the Pores of the whole Body are more open by reason of the External heat so that there is a greater dissipation of the Humors and considering the time of the year less Flegm is bred and heaped up in the Brain Therefore in Autumn and Winter they are most frequent and violent because of the greater abundance of Flegm then bred and less easie to be dissipated through the Pores then contracted with Cold besides the Vapors exhaling from it are more abundant and acrimonious VII The Foam at the Mouth proceeds from hence for that those Flegmatic Humors expelled from the Brain into the Jaws and Lungs by that
thence in good part ascending to the Ventricle to promote Concoction Which is the reason they make no Fermentation so that the Nourishment fluctuates in the Stomach and is vomited up raw Or else they only cause a flatulent dilatation of the Aliments whence a great distention of the Ventricle the occasion of those loud Belches by reason of the Viscosity of the crude Matter therein contained IV. The deprav'd disposition of the chylifying Bowels was contracted by disorderly Diet and the long use of Meats thick sharp and hard to be digested out of which an unconcocted Chylus and out of that a crude and not easily dilated Blood was generated which being carry'd to the chyllfying Bowels could not be master'd conveniently by them and so by degrees they became debilitated and vitiously disposed V. By reason of an ill concocted Chylus and the crude humors collected and bred in the Ventricle it acquir'd a cold ill Temper which render'd it unable to perform its duty by bringing the sermentaceous Matter sticking to its Tunicles to any farther perfection VI. A great part of the Flegmatic humors abounding in the Blood passes through the Reins hence the Urine becomes pale and thick and the sediment like it VII There is no Feyer because no Putrefaction nor excessive Sulphureous Effervescency VIII This is a dangerous Disease because it threatens an utter decay of the natural strength for want of Nourishment IX In the Cure the Body is to be often purged with Hiera Picra Diaphaenicon Cochiae Pills Infusion of Agaric and the like X. Then this Apozem is to be prescribed of which he is to take three or four times aday â„ž Roots of Elecampane Calamus Aromatic an â„¥ j. Roots of Zedoary and Tamarischs an â„¥ s. Germander Dodder Baum an M. j. Leaves of Lawrel Marjoram an M s. Iuniper-berries Orange-peels an â„¥ s. Anise and Fennel seed an Ê’ ij Raisins cleansed â„¥ ij Water and Wine equal parts Make an Apozem of lb j s. XI The Stomach and other Bowels are to be corroborated with some such Conditement â„ž Ginger condited Candied Elecampane root Candied Orange-peel Conserve of Anthos and Flowers of Sage an â„¥ s. Oyl of Iuniper ℈ j. of Anife gut viij Oyl of Cinnamon and Cloves an gut j. or ij Syrup of Elecampane q. s. For a Conditement XII If after this the Distemper do not abate give the ensuing Vomit â„ž Leaves of green Asarabacca Ê’ iiij Rhaddish water â„¥ ij Squeeze out the Iuice according to Art then add Vomitive Wine Ê’ jij. Oxymel of Squils â„¥ s. XIII Then Prepare a Medicated Wine of which let him drink a draught every Morning between whiles taking a small quantity of the foresaid Conditement â„ž Roots of Elecampane â„¥ s. of Zedoary Ê’ ij Germander Marjoram Carduâ—…s Benedict an M. s. Orange-peels and Iuniper-berries an Ê’ iij. Anise and Fenel seed an Ê’ j. Cloves Cinnamon an ℈ ij Lucid Aloes ℈ iiij Hang them in a bag in 〈◊〉 iiij of White-wine XIV Forbear Pork pickled and smoaked Meats but observe a Diet of good juice and easie Concoction prepared with Horse Radish-root Majoram Rosemary Sage Lawrel-leaves Anise and Fennel-seeds Pepper Cloves and Spices Let his Drink be middle Ale and Wine and sometimes after Meals let him take a spoonful of Spirit of Wine or Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae Let him sleep and exercise moderately and let him sometime anoint the Region of the Ventricle and Hypocondriums with Oyl of Nutmegs and cover it with the Skin of a Vulture or Wild Cat and let the Excrements of his Body be duly and regularly evacuated HISTORY IV. Of a Hypochondriacal Passion with a Nauseating and Vomiting A Young Man in the Flower of his Age accustomed to hard salt and acid Food living an idle Life for a long time nauseating some sorts of Nourishments sometimes had no Stomach sometimes had too much but with difficulty retained and digested the Aliment received with rumbling distention and pain in his Stomach and many times was cruelly griped in his Guts and all the lower Part of this Belly with an extraordinary rumbling But these Evils were for some time abated by the copious breaking of Wind upward and downward Sometime a saltish Liquor was wont to void it self at his Mouth with an extraordinary nauseating and a slight Vomiting especially in the Morning though it many times happened at other times of the day and upon that evacuation he was somewhat better But about a Month since all these ill accidents began to grow worse For his Vomiting was often and violent so that he threw up whatever he swallowed with a great force which though they had not been long in his Stomach yet they came up very acid and which was more to be admired sometimes after dinner he brought up two or three ounces of a transparent Liquor only as he said himself Saltish and Sowrish Yet he retained both his meat and drink and after that Liquor was come up retained and digested them very well when he did not Vomit the Gripings and Rumblings of his Belly were more troublesome He had no Fever but was thoughtful and sad several Scorbutic Spots appeared also upon his Skin and his Body waxed lean I. HERE several Parts were ill affected chiefly the Stomach Guts and Sweetbread II. This Disease is called a Hypocondriacal Affection which is an acid ill Temper of the Sweet-bread Ventricle Intestines and Parts aâ—…joyning III. The Primary cause proceeds from a saltish and acid ill Temper of the Sweet-bread contracted by irrigular Diet by which the Pancreatic Juice became too salt and acid and that at one time more then another according to the nature of the Aliments received into the Stomach IV. This Juice flowing out of the Sweet-bread into the Duodenum and ascending good Part of it into the Ventricle corrupts the Ferment of it and so causes bad Concoction But if it fall into the Stomach infected with any stinking and depraved quality then it causes loss of Appetite and nauseating and sometimes vomiting But if it flow in over acid then it begets outragious hunger V. From this vitious Concoction and Fermentation arise Distensions Pains Rumblings and much Wind which being belched upward in some measure abates the Distention VI. But if that vitious Juice fall altogether down to the Intestines then the Decoâ—…tion is better the nauseating less However a vitious Effervescency excited in the Guts from whence Wind Rumblings Roarings Pains and Distensions of the Intestines VII The Liquor flowing out at the Mouth with a nauseousness is the Pancreatic Juice carried up to the Head and through nauseousness ejected out at the Mouth together with the Salival Liquor VIII Which Pancreatic Juice growing afterwards more sharp and deprav'd and more violently twinging the Stomach causes a frequent and violent Vomit Which if it happen after Meals to break forth through those Aliments into the upper Part of the Stomach as it causes a great nauseousness alone is vomited up alone the Aliments remaining in the Stomach where