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cause_n effect_n natural_a nature_n 4,625 5 5.6875 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A32714 Three anatomic lectures concerning 1. the motion of the bloud through the veins and arteries, 2. the organic structure of the heart, 3. the efficient causes of the hearts pulsation : read on the 19, 20 and 21 by Walter Charleton ... Charleton, Walter, 1619-1707. 1683 (1683) Wing C3693; ESTC R20046 64,495 126

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of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o gut_n stomach_n tendon_n membrane_n and_o the_o like_a fibrose_n part_n natural_o resist_v distraction_n and_o have_v a_o power_n of_o contract_v themselves_o after_o extension_n yea_o more_o we_o see_v that_o all_o fibres_fw-fr even_o in_o their_o natural_a posture_n be_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o stretch_n for_o when_o they_o be_v cut_v they_o instant_o shorten_v themselves_o towards_o both_o end_n which_o will_v not_o happen_v if_o they_o have_v be_v constitute_v in_o a_o middle_a state_n betwixt_o laxity_n and_o extension_n as_o a_o bow_n unbend_v be_v quiet_a suffer_v neither_o contraction_n nor_o distraction_n of_o its_o part_n now_o if_o all_o fibre_n even_o in_o their_o natural_a state_n suffer_v some_o degree_n of_o stretch_v certain_o when_o the_o artery_n be_v replenish_v with_o blood_n their_o cavity_n must_v be_v dilate_v and_o in_o the_o dilatation_n of_o their_o cavity_n their_o transverse_n or_o circular_a fibre_n must_v suffer_v much_o 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act_v continual_o but_o interrupt_o or_o per_fw-la vice_n short_a and_o almost_o isochronic_a or_o equal_a quiet_n interpose_v so_o that_o the_o blood_n express_v by_o the_o heart_n do_v not_o flow_v thence_o in_o a_o continue_a course_n as_o river_n and_o fountain_n do_v that_o be_v without_o intermission_n carry_v on_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o water_n but_o gush_v forth_o and_o stop_v alternate_o though_o this_o vicissitude_n be_v exact_o regular_a and_o proceed_v in_o a_o constant_a order_n now_o these_o thing_n consider_v it_o may_v seem_v consentaneous_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n can_v be_v continuus_fw-la since_o two_o pause_n or_o quiet_n be_v interpose_v betwixt_o every_o two_o pulsation_n or_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n during_o each_o of_o which_o the_o motion_n cease_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v and_o call_v a_o interrupt_a and_o mix_v motion_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o verisimilitude_n of_o 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which_o power_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_n itself_o which_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o its_o proper_a motion_n and_o by_o the_o impulse_n communicate_v to_o it_o from_o external_a force_n so_o the_o motive_n force_n of_o gravity_n which_o the_o blood_n can_v want_v no_o more_o than_o water_n can_v when_o it_o find_v the_o small_a channel_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n open_a for_o they_o can_v never_o be_v so_o close_o constringe_v by_o the_o flag_a and_o connivency_n of_o their_o thin_a membrane_n as_o to_o leave_v no_o entrance_n for_o a_o fluid_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o rope_n how_o hard_o soever_o twist_v must_v of_o necessity_n overcome_v the_o weak_a resistance_n of_o the_o straits_n in_o all_o filtre_n and_o porose_a body_n and_o consequent_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v insinuate_v into_o the_o capillary_a vein_n by_o a_o mechanic_n action_n like_o that_o of_o filtration_n if_o this_o proposition_n
little_a canales_n within_o must_v therefore_o be_v full_a of_o small_a asperity_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la who_o consistence_n be_v not_o much_o thin_a than_o the_o white_a of_o a_o egg_n well_o beat_v shall_v pass_v through_o they_o with_o a_o slow_a and_o interrupt_a course_n and_o at_o length_n fall_v out_o of_o their_o low_a end_n in_o drop_n with_o equal_a pause_n between_o the_o drop_n where_o we_o find_v a_o parility_n of_o cause_n we_o may_v right_o expect_v a_o similitude_n of_o effect_n here_o i_o see_v two_o formidable_a difficulty_n stand_v like_o romantic_a giant_n in_o my_o way_n to_o deter_v i_o from_o proceed_v and_o i_o can_v without_o shame_n and_o infamy_n decline_v to_o encounter_v they_o one_o be_v that_o after_o the_o cardiac_n nerve_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o the_o heart_n itself_o take_v out_o of_o the_o body_n the_o pulsation_n of_o it_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n to_o remove_v this_o therefore_o i_o say_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o nerve_n annex_v to_o the_o heart_n may_v remain_v still_o full_a of_o and_o turgid_a with_o the_o roscid_n succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la which_o be_v hinder_v from_o regress_n by_o their_o spontaneous_a contraction_n towards_o the_o heart_n and_o keep_v in_o a_o state_n of_o fluxility_n by_o the_o yet_o last_a warmth_n of_o the_o heart_n may_v for_o some_o time_n be_v instill_v into_o the_o fibre_n of_o it_o and_o by_o swell_v of_o they_o cause_n they_o to_o constringe_v the_o ventricles_n as_o before_o then_o the_o heart_n be_v irritate_v by_o the_o prick_n of_o a_o needle_n or_o some_o sharp_a and_o pungent_a liquor_n may_v be_v able_a by_o its_o peristaltic_a constriction_n to_o squeeze_v out_o the_o few_o remain_a drop_n of_o the_o roscid_a liquor_n which_o be_v do_v the_o pulsation_n cease_v for_o ever_o to_o the_o blood_n this_o effect_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v for_o after_o all_o relic_n of_o it_o have_v be_v with_o warm_a water_n and_o a_o syringe_n wash_v out_o of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o squeeze_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n the_o pulsation_n notwithstanding_o will_v continue_v for_o sometime_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v with_o more_o reason_n ascribe_v to_o convulsion_n of_o the_o heart_n because_o all_o convulsion_n be_v disorderly_a and_o unequal_a both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o gird_n and_o in_o those_o of_o their_o intermission_n whereas_o in_o this_o case_n the_o pulsation_n be_v regular_a and_o isochronical_a with_o equal_a pause_n nor_o to_o the_o heat_v communicate_v by_o the_o blood_n to_o the_o heart_n before_o it_o be_v exsect_v and_o not_o yet_o quite_o extinct_a because_o that_o borrow_a heat_n soon_o vanish_v and_o no_o external_a heat_n will_v revive_v the_o languish_a pulsation_n after_o all_o the_o roscid_a juice_n have_v be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nerve_n leave_v in_o the_o heart_n nothing_o then_o remain_v to_o solve_v this_o phaenomenon_n but_o the_o instillation_n of_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o our_o roscid_a liquor_n into_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o swell_v they_o and_o so_o urge_v they_o to_o constriction_n of_o the_o ventricles_n the_o other_o difficulty_n be_v this_o why_o be_v there_o not_o a_o pulsation_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n also_o in_o all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n since_o their_o fibre_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n their_o disposition_n and_o direction_n only_o except_v since_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o nerve_n pertain_v to_o they_o be_v in_o the_o brain_n as_o open_a to_o admit_v and_o imbibe_n the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la there_o elaborate_a and_o provide_v for_o they_o and_o since_o the_o same_o nerve_n be_v equal_o spungy_a and_o permeable_a in_o their_o constitution_n and_o so_o apt_a to_o transfer_v that_o liquor_n as_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o cardiac_n nerve_n be_v to_o receive_v or_o their_o canales_n to_o transfer_v it_o if_o the_o whole_a apparatus_n be_v the_o same_o on_o both_o part_n whence_o come_v it_o that_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v not_o produce_v in_o both_o at_o this_o goliath_n i_o have_v in_o my_o scrip_n three_o pebble_n to_o throw_v and_o though_o my_o arm_n be_v weak_a i_o will_v not_o despair_v of_o hit_v he_o in_o the_o forehead_n first_o therefore_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o certain_o know_v to_o any_o mortal_a man_n by_o what_o mediate_a cause_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n be_v move_v at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o will_n whether_o by_o simple_a contraction_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n insert_v into_o they_o or_o by_o the_o immission_n of_o the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la more_o copiose_o and_o swift_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o be_v put_v into_o action_n though_o the_o mechanism_n of_o their_o fibre_n make_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o they_o be_v move_v by_o immission_n of_o some_o liquor_n from_o the_o brain_n by_o which_o the_o rhomboid_a mesh_n or_o pore_n of_o their_o fibre_n be_v all_o at_o the_o same_o time_n swell_v and_o dilate_v a_o contraction_n of_o the_o whole_a muscle_n must_v in_o the_o same_o moment_n be_v effect_v and_o therefore_o i_o prefer_v this_o opinion_n to_o the_o former_a and_o have_v follow_v it_o in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o rude_a discourse_n but_o yet_o this_o opinion_n have_v not_o lead_v i_o to_o a_o discovery_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n this_o present_a difficulty_n compel_v i_o to_o hunt_v after_o shall_v i_o imagine_v valve_n affix_v by_o nature_n to_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o muscle_n as_o mons_fw-la des_n cartes_n do_v in_o the_o body_n of_o they_o though_o such_o a_o artifice_n be_v not_o impossible_a yet_o beside_o that_o no_o such_o valve_n have_v hitherto_o be_v find_v in_o the_o brain_n i_o shall_v still_o be_v to_o seek_v for_o a_o cause_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v they_o ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la and_o so_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o a_o stand_n in_o my_o disquisition_n which_o to_o avoid_v some_o other_o organical_a contrivement_n such_o as_o may_v be_v not_o only_o possible_a but_o probable_a also_o and_o facile_a and_o fit_a to_o untie_v this_o gordian_a knot_n must_v be_v excogitated_a let_v it_o then_o be_v suppose_v that_o in_o the_o brain_n the_o orifice_n of_o the_o nerve_n thence_o elonge_v to_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n and_o their_o canales_n be_v in_o such_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n form_v as_o at_o no_o time_n to_o take_v in_o and_o convey_v into_o the_o muscle_n more_o of_o the_o roscid_a liquor_n than_o what_o be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v they_o and_o recruit_v their_o vigour_n unless_o when_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o will_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n they_o proper_o be_v the_o nerve_n be_v twitch_v up_o or_o convel_v at_o their_o original_n both_o their_o orifice_n be_v dilate_v to_o receive_v and_o their_o canales_n render_v more_o pervious_a to_o transmit_v in_o a_o moment_n into_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o muscle_n to_o be_v use_v a_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o same_o invigorate_n liquor_n viz._n so_o much_o as_o be_v requisite_a to_o swell_v they_o up_o by_o replenish_n their_o pore_n and_o force_v they_o to_o contraction_n which_o be_v the_o common_a action_n of_o all_o muscle_n on_o the_o other_o part_n let_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o in_o the_o brain_n nature_n have_v frame_v the_o original_n of_o the_o cardiac_n nerve_n by_o a_o different_a artifice_n namely_o such_o as_o that_o not_o only_o their_o orifice_n may_v always_o be_v open_a to_o imbibe_n but_o also_o their_o canales_n so_o easy_o pervious_a to_o transmit_v the_o roscid_a liquor_n as_o that_o without_o any_o vellication_n without_o any_o convulsive_a motion_n the_o same_o liquor_n may_v mere_o by_o the_o plenitude_n of_o the_o canales_n themselves_o be_v effuse_v guttulatim_fw-la into_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o cause_v the_o alternate_a constriction_n or_o pulsation_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v the_o more_o lawful_a for_o i_o to_o suppose_v this_o difference_n of_o structure_n in_o nerve_n ordain_v for_o different_a use_n because_o it_o be_v above_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o optic_a nerve_n have_v a_o peculiar_a fabric_n and_o contexture_n wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o auditory_a and_o all_o other_o nerve_n inservient_fw-la to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o external_a sense_n and_o that_o the_o organ_n of_o every_o sense_n have_v its_o nerve_n of_o a_o peculiar_a constitution_n accommodate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o its_o proper_a object_n though_o those_o difference_n consist_v in_o such_o minute_n and_o subtle_a artifices_fw-la as_o have_v hitherto_o elude_v our_o most_o curiose_fw-la research_v though_o assist_v by_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o microscope_n why_o then_o may_v it_o not_o be_v think_v that_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o the_o cardiac_n nerve_n also_o a_o constitution_n divers_a from_o that_o of_o all_o
other_o nerve_n especial_o when_o their_o function_n and_o office_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o all_o other_o nerve_n and_o no_o less_o than_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n i._n e._n the_o conservation_n of_o life_n itself_o depend_v upon_o that_o difference_n i_o be_o not_o i_o confess_v so_o happy_a as_o certain_o to_o know_v in_o what_o singular_a artifice_n the_o difference_n do_v consist_v but_o be_o notwithstanding_o full_o convince_v there_o be_v some_o difference_n and_o if_o so_o why_o may_v not_o the_o difference_n consist_v in_o such_o a_o artifice_n as_o that_o which_o i_o have_v here_o suppose_v and_o describe_v since_o the_o same_o be_v not_o only_o possible_a but_o facile_a also_o and_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n require_v viz._n the_o perpetual_a instillation_n of_o the_o roscid_a liquor_n drop_n after_o drop_n into_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n if_o this_o be_v grant_v the_o mighty_a difficulty_n be_v solve_v if_o not_o i_o say_v second_o that_o the_o multitude_n of_o nerve_n elonge_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o heart_n ought_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o reason_n can_v we_o imagine_v nature_n to_o have_v have_v when_o she_o furnish_v the_o heart_n with_o so_o many_o nerve_n more_o than_o be_v insert_v into_o any_o two_o nay_o three_o muscle_n even_o of_o the_o first_o rate_n certain_o she_o do_v it_o either_o for_o the_o more_o exquisite_a sense_n or_o for_o the_o more_o copious_a nourishment_n or_o for_o the_o strong_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o no_o four_o cause_n can_v be_v find_v the_o first_o be_v improbable_a because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o heart_n excel_v any_o other_o muscle_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v or_o feel_n and_o because_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o its_o be_v endow_v with_o much_o of_o sense_n whether_o we_o respect_v the_o action_n of_o it_o which_o be_v not_o perception_n but_o pulsation_n and_o that_o too_o with_o incredible_a violence_n such_o as_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o delicate_a and_o exquisite_a sense_n or_o whether_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o secure_a situation_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n where_o it_o hang_v free_a and_o defend_v on_o all_o side_n from_o harm_n and_o offence_n either_o from_o within_o or_o from_o without_o the_o second_o also_o be_v improbable_a because_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o heart_n hold_v no_o just_a proportion_n to_o the_o multitude_n of_o nerve_n insert_v into_o it_o and_o there_o be_v many_o muscle_n of_o far_o great_a magnitude_n which_o yet_o be_v plentiful_o supply_v with_o nourishment_n by_o much_o few_o nerve_n the_o three_o therefore_o be_v true_a and_o by_o consequence_n serve_v to_o disentangle_v our_o hypothesis_n from_o the_o chord_n of_o the_o difficulty_n propose_v for_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o nerve_n import_v into_o the_o heart_n much_o more_o of_o the_o nutritive_a liquor_n than_o can_v be_v think_v necessary_a for_o its_o nourishment_n of_o what_o use_n can_v the_o overplus_n be_v unless_o to_o maintain_v the_o perpetual_a motion_n of_o it_o and_o in_o this_o also_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o heart_n and_o all_o other_o muscle_n and_o such_o a_o difference_n as_o may_v be_v bring_v for_o one_o reason_n why_o no_o other_o muscle_n but_o the_o heart_n have_v a_o pulsation_n three_o i_o say_v that_o the_o aptitude_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o pulsation_n do_v consist_v in_o its_o proper_a fabric_n and_o conformation_n in_o its_o conical_a figure_n in_o its_o cavity_n within_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o configuration_n of_o its_o fibre_n in_o a_o word_n in_o its_o whole_a mechanism_n which_o i_o have_v former_o describe_v and_o which_o be_v far_o different_a from_o the_o mechanism_n of_o any_o other_o muscle_n whatsoever_o so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v no_o singular_a artifice_n or_o knack_n in_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o cardiac_n nerve_n or_o if_o these_o nerve_n be_v few_o in_o number_n yet_o may_v the_o heart_n be_v apt_a for_o pulsation_n of_o which_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v incapable_a as_o want_v the_o like_a mechanic_n conformation_n no_o wonder_n then_o if_o pulsation_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o heart_n only_o though_o the_o fibre_n of_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n though_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o though_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o heart_n act_n by_o the_o contraction_n of_o their_o fibre_n now_o if_o no_o one_o of_o the_o three_o reason_n here_o by_o i_o allege_v why_o the_o motion_n of_o pulsation_n be_v not_o common_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n take_v single_a be_v think_v sufficient_a yet_o if_o you_o please_v to_o conjoin_v and_o twist_v they_o all_o together_o into_o a_o triple_a chord_n you_o may_v then_o perhaps_o find_v they_o strong_a enough_o to_o pluck_v up_o the_o propose_a difficulty_n by_o the_o root_n but_o hold_v a_o minute_n or_o two_o have_v i_o not_o through_o haste_n or_o want_v of_o due_a circumspection_n run_v myself_o into_o the_o brier_n of_o a_o contradiction_n do_v i_o not_o in_o my_o last_o proposition_n affirm_v that_o the_o mediate_v cause_n of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n differ_v in_o some_o respect_n from_o that_o by_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n be_v incite_v and_o invigorate_v to_o voluntary_a motion_n and_o have_v i_o not_o in_o the_o paragraph_n immediate_o precede_v this_o say_v that_o the_o mediate_v cause_n both_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la derive_v from_o the_o brain_n where_o then_o be_v the_o difference_n presume_v i_o answer_v therefore_o that_o the_o difference_n lie_v not_o in_o any_o change_n or_o alteration_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la itself_o which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v the_o same_o utrobique_fw-la on_o both_o part_n but_o only_o in_o the_o divers_a modes_n of_o its_o effusion_n from_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o heart_n i_o suppose_v it_o to_o descend_v through_o the_o cardiac_n nerve_n gentle_o slow_o and_o by_o way_n of_o instillation_n drop_v after_o drop_n but_o into_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n i_o suppose_v the_o same_o to_o be_v immit_v with_o great_a force_n and_o velocity_n swift_a as_o lightning_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o will._n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o constitute_v a_o difference_n where_o the_o same_o cause_n use_v by_o nature_n diversimodè_fw-la and_o in_o organ_n of_o different_a conformation_n produce_v so_o different_a effect_n and_o consequent_o to_o extricate_v i_o from_o the_o brier_n ¶_o ⸫_o from_o which_o as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o former_a impediment_n be_v now_o at_o length_n free_a i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o establish_v the_o grand_a pillar_n upon_o which_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o this_o my_o rude_a structure_n rely_v that_o be_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v not_o only_o possible_a but_o also_o probable_a that_o a_o few_o little_a drop_n of_o liquor_n instill_v into_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n shall_v only_o by_o cause_v they_o to_o swell_v or_o by_o dilate_v their_o pore_n abbreviate_v they_o with_o a_o force_n great_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n this_o if_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o do_v i_o shall_v not_o despair_v of_o finish_v my_o building_n as_o i_o at_o first_o design_v for_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o my_o work_n will_v be_v little_a and_o easy_a as_o for_o the_o possibility_n of_o so_o great_a a_o effect_n from_o a_o cause_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o weak_a and_o inconsiderable_a that_o may_v be_v without_o much_o difficulty_n prove_v from_o the_o just_a analogy_n or_o similitude_n of_o this_o effect_n to_o many_o other_o as_o great_a if_o not_o great_a effect_n common_o observe_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o like_a cause_n for_o mechanic_n example_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v every_o where_o so_o obvious_a to_o sense_n and_o so_o numerose_n that_o only_o to_o enumerate_v they_o will_v be_v a_o task_n hard_a and_o tediose_fw-la out_o of_o so_o vast_a a_o multitude_n therefore_o i_o will_v for_o brevitie_n sake_n select_a only_a two_o such_o as_o be_v not_o only_o pertinent_a and_o adequate_a to_o my_o subject_n but_o also_o in_o themselves_o eminent_o remarkable_a the_o first_o be_v of_o a_o new_a cable_n which_o upon_o wet_n will_v very_o much_o swell_v or_o become_v thick_a shrink_v and_o shorten_v itself_o beyond_o the_o belief_n of_o any_o but_o a_o mariner_n and_o galilaeus_fw-la have_v well_o observe_v this_o swell_a and_o
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thus_o compose_v of_o many_o miriads_o of_o strong_a fibre_n of_o various_a order_n by_o most_o dense_a contexture_n compact_v and_o of_o various_a nerve_n intersper_v it_o require_v to_o be_v continual_o cherish_v with_o due_a heat_n as_o well_o without_o as_o within_z wherefore_o the_o heart_n have_v no_o heat_n but_o what_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o blood_n in_o which_o only_o the_o true_a calidum_fw-la innatum_fw-la the_o lar_n familiaris_fw-la reside_v nature_n have_v furnish_v it_o with_o two_o artery_n for_o its_o own_o peculiar_a use_n divide_v almost_o from_o their_o origine_fw-la into_o two_o trunk_n the_o orifice_n of_o which_o open_v themselves_o near_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi immediate_o without_o the_o valvulae_fw-la semilunare_n they_o be_v fit_o call_v coronary_a artery_n because_o their_o trunk_n do_v not_o present_o enter_v into_o the_o parenchyma_n or_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o first_o make_v their_o tour_fw-fr or_o circuit_n the_o more_o commodious_o to_o disperse_v their_o branch_n round_o the_o basis_n of_o it_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o crown_n or_o rather_o a_o diadem_n and_o though_o from_o their_o very_a original_n they_o divide_v and_o recede_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o to_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o heart_n yet_o they_o meet_v again_o in_o their_o extreme_a branch_n and_o by_o mutual_a anastomóse_n or_o inosculation_n communicate_v betwixt_o themselves_o so_o that_o if_o any_o liquor_n be_v inject_v into_o either_o of_o they_o it_o will_v in_o a_o moment_n appear_v to_o diffuse_v itself_o also_o through_o the_o other_o and_o this_o mutual_a communication_n seem_v to_o be_v design_v to_o a_o good_a end_n for_o since_o the_o necessity_n of_o influent_a heat_n or_o life_n be_v equal_a in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o necessity_n can_v not_o be_v more_o commodious_o satisfy_v any_o way_n than_o by_o this_o artifice_n of_o mutual_a inosculation_n betwixt_o the_o extremity_n of_o these_o two_o artery_n no_o soon_o have_v the_o blood_n thus_o import_v communicate_v its_o vital_a heat_n to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o it_o be_v thence_o export_v by_o the_o two_o coronary_a vein_n which_o in_o like_a manner_n encompass_v the_o heart_n and_o by_o their_o numerose_n emissary_n surcle_v imbibe_v the_o blood_n effuse_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n reduce_v it_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n thence_o to_o be_v bring_v through_o the_o lung_n back_o again_o into_o the_o left_a so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o private_a circulation_n in_o a_o small_a circuit_n institute_v for_o the_o peculiar_a benefit_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o the_o extreme_a surcle_n of_o the_o coronary_a artery_n be_v mutual_o inosculate_v so_o also_o be_v those_o of_o the_o coronary_a vein_n as_o be_v apparent_a from_o ocular_a inspection_n for_o if_o you_o take_v the_o heart_n of_o a_o calf_n or_o any_o other_o very_o young_a animal_n for_o in_o such_o these_o vessel_n be_v most_o easy_o discernible_a and_o with_o the_o back_n of_o a_o penknife_n gentle_o impel_v the_o blood_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o other_o you_o shall_v see_v it_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o vein_n of_o one_o side_n into_o that_o of_o the_o other_o and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n there_o be_v the_o like_a mutual_a communication_n per_fw-la anastomôsin_fw-la betwixt_o capillary_a vessel_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n beside_o the_o proper_a vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n now_o describe_v there_o be_v annex_v to_o its_o basis_n also_o two_o subsidiary_a muscle_n hollow_a and_o round_o from_o thence_o call_v auriculae_fw-la cordis_fw-la frame_v with_o no_o less_o art_n than_o the_o heart_n itself_o though_o of_o less_o bulk_n for_o they_o be_v compose_v of_o robu_v fibre_n too_o and_o dispose_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o as_o their_o motion_n precede_v that_o of_o the_o heart_n so_o have_v they_o nerve_n from_o surcle_n of_o the_o eight_o pair_n before_o they_o reach_v to_o the_o heart_n itself_o beside_o their_o intermediate_v fleshy_a fibres_n which_o form_n little_a musculose_a column_n be_v elonge_v to_o opposite_a tendon_n for_o the_o tendon_n at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v common_a also_o to_o the_o ear_n of_o it_o and_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o fulcrum_fw-la or_o prop_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n where_o it_o respect_v the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la it_o be_v firm_v by_o a_o hard_a and_o tendinose_n circle_n betwixt_o which_o two_o tendon_n the_o fibre_n tend_v to_o each_o be_v terminate_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o right_a ear_n of_o a_o human_a heart_n invert_v of_o these_o ear_n the_o right_n be_v always_o great_a than_o the_o left_a perhaps_o because_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v less_o rapid_a out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o out_o of_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la into_o the_o left_a whither_o it_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o the_o coincident_a elasticity_n of_o the_o inspire_a air_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a the_o capacity_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n shall_v be_v proportionate_o large_a to_o receive_v and_o transfund_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n a_o quantity_n of_o blood_n sufficient_a to_o fill_v it_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o the_o office_n of_o these_o ear_n be_v like_o that_o of_o funnel_n to_o transmit_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la when_o it_o approach_v to_o the_o heart_n participate_v somewhat_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o muscle_n for_o there_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o fleshy_a circular_a fibre_n by_o which_o it_o be_v constringe_v and_o consequent_o the_o blood_n run_v through_o the_o canal_n thereof_o be_v urge_v the_o fast_a into_o the_o right_a ear_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o a_o gut_n or_o bladder_n be_v outward_o constringe_v by_o the_o hand_n the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v be_v express_v and_o its_o regress_n hinder_v we_o have_v now_o survey_v the_o structure_n of_o this_o admirable_a machine_n the_o heart_n at_o least_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o render_v more_o plain_a and_o intelligible_a what_o i_o be_o about_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o action_n thereof_o to_o which_o i_o now_o pass_v ¶_o ⸫_o evident_a it_o be_v both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o to_o the_o touch_n that_o in_o the_o act_n of_o pulsation_n the_o whole_a fleshy_a substance_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v stretch_v and_o harden_v with_o very_o great_a force_n as_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v when_o they_o act_v and_o certain_o this_o tension_n and_o induration_n arise_v from_o the_o very_a structure_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o column_n of_o it_o and_o their_o
which_o they_o far_o exceed_v therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v exact_o shut_v those_o orifice_n before_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v complete_a wherefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricles_n shall_v by_o the_o process_n and_o continuation_n of_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n until_o a_o total_a union_n of_o their_o wall_n be_v effect_v be_v all_o express_v thence_o through_o the_o arteriose_fw-la orifice_n which_o be_v then_o open_a to_o give_v it_o free_a egress_n five_o if_o the_o clausure_n of_o the_o ear_n do_v not_o precede_v those_o little_a and_o thin_a valve_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v that_o mighty_a violence_n with_o which_o the_o blood_n compress_v by_o the_o heart_n invade_v they_o and_o otherwise_o will_v certain_o break_v they_o therefore_o to_o secure_v they_o provident_a nature_n have_v put_v a_o fleshy_a fornix_n or_o vault_n viz._n the_o constringed_a ear_n that_o she_o may_v with_o a_o double_a door_n shut_v the_o ample_a orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n hence_o natural_o arise_v this_o remarkable_a corollary_n that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v long_o in_o time_n than_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o ear_n begin_v while_o the_o heart_n do_v not_o act_n and_o end_n in_o the_o same_o moment_n in_o which_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v complete_v final_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o in_o the_o arterial_a orifice_n or_o outlet_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o like_a apparatus_n to_o prevent_v the_o regress_n of_o the_o expulse_v blood_n into_o the_o ventricles_n for_o after_o the_o exit_z of_o the_o blood_n and_o after_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v expulse_v without_o the_o capillary_a artery_n it_o can_v be_v impel_v back_o again_o as_o well_o because_o it_o be_v not_o urge_v by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o antagonist_n muscle_n of_o equal_a strength_n with_o the_o heart_n as_o because_o it_o be_v already_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o extreme_a artery_n wherefore_o valve_n of_o little_a strength_n be_v sufficient_a here_o such_o as_o be_v proportionate_a to_o the_o force_n which_o the_o not-intire_a fullness_n of_o the_o artery_n can_v make_v which_o be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o therefore_o the_o semilunar_a valve_n be_v far_o weak_a than_o those_o triangular_a but_o yet_o strong_a enough_o to_o hinder_v the_o regurgitation_n of_o the_o blood_n expulse_v by_o the_o heart_n thus_o have_v we_o run_v through_o all_o the_o proper_a action_n and_o office_n or_o use_n of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o this_o incomparable_a machine_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o their_o natural_a order_n and_o find_v they_o all_o to_o be_v plain_o mechanic_n i._n e._n necessary_o consequent_a from_o the_o structure_n conformation_n situation_n disposition_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n by_o which_o they_o be_v respective_o perform_v if_o the_o mechanism_n have_v be_v by_o we_o right_o explicate_v as_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n no_o man_n have_v reason_n long_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v a_o thing_n to_o human_a wit_n whole_o impervestigable_a probable_a it_o be_v therefore_o that_o when_o that_o excellent_a anatomist_n and_o our_o worthy_o honour_a colleague_n dr._n lower_v say_v 2._o cum_fw-la nimis_fw-la arduum_fw-la sit_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la quâ_fw-la cordis_n motus_fw-la perficiatur_fw-la quicquam_fw-la ritè_fw-la concipere_fw-la atque_fw-la dei_fw-la solius_fw-la qui_fw-la secreta_fw-la ejus_fw-la rimatur_fw-la motum_fw-la quoque_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la praerogativa_fw-la sit_fw-la in_fw-la eo_fw-la ulteriùs_fw-la perscrutando_fw-la operam_fw-la non_fw-la perdam_fw-la he_o be_v out_o of_o modesty_n willing_a to_o limit_v his_o own_o curiosity_n in_o that_o particular_a but_o not_o to_o set_v bound_n to_o the_o future_a disquisition_n of_o other_o man_n ¶_o ⸫_o praelectio_fw-la iii_o of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n delight_v with_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o this_o masterpiece_n of_o nature_n the_o heart_n i_o have_v sometime_o revolve_v the_o book_n of_o the_o most_o celebrate_a author_n who_o have_v profess_o write_v of_o architecture_n and_o of_o hydraulic_a engine_n in_o search_n of_o some_o example_n of_o a_o machine_n that_o may_v be_v at_o least_o in_o a_o few_o respect_n compare_v with_o it_o of_o many_o that_o occur_v that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o come_v near_o in_o similitude_n to_o this_o inimitable_a prototype_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o hydraulic_a mint_n at_o segovia_n mention_v rather_o than_o describe_v by_o that_o every_o way_n noble_a gent._n sir_n kenelm_n digby_n in_o these_o word_n this_o engine_n or_o rather_o multitude_n of_o several_a engine_n 23._o to_o perform_v different_a operation_n all_o conduce_v to_o one_o work_n be_v so_o artificial_o make_v that_o one_o part_n of_o it_o distend_v a_o ingot_n of_o silver_n or_o gold_n into_o that_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v coin_n of_o which_o be_v do_v it_o deliver_v the_o plate_n it_o have_v wrought_v unto_o another_o that_o print_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o coin_n upon_o it_o and_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v turn_v over_o to_o another_o that_o cut_v it_o according_a to_o the_o print_n into_o due_a shape_n and_o weight_n and_o last_o the_o several_a piece_n fall_v into_o a_o reserve_n in_o another_o room_n where_o the_o officer_n who_o charge_n it_o be_v findeth_z treasure_n ready_o coin_v etc._n etc._n for_o betwixt_o this_o engine_n and_o the_o heart_n i_o fancy_v something_o of_o similitude_n at_o least_o in_o the_o few_o particular_n follow_v first_o as_o the_o design_n or_o end_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o coin_v money_n which_o be_v the_o blood_n of_o all_o state_n as_o well_o 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to_o any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n who_o shall_v consider_v first_o the_o near_a similitude_n that_o be_v between_o the_o thread_n of_o a_o chord_n and_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o figure_n in_o tenacity_n and_o strength_n in_o aptness_n to_o swell_v and_o consequent_o to_o shorten_v themselves_o upon_o humectation_n and_o in_o the_o faculty_n of_o restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o natural_a tone_n after_o extension_n and_o then_o the_o little_a or_o no_o difference_n betwixt_o water_n and_o the_o succus_a nervosus_n as_o to_o the_o power_n of_o insinuate_v into_o and_o dilate_v the_o pore_n of_o body_n natural_o apt_a to_o swell_v and_o shrink_v for_o since_o the_o two_o agent_n viz._n water_n and_o the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la be_v so_o alike_o in_o their_o efficacy_n as_o to_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o tensile_n body_n and_o since_o the_o two_o patient_n also_o viz._n the_o thread_n of_o a_o chord_n and_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n have_v so_o full_a a_o resemblance_n in_o their_o nature_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a if_o not_o necessary_a that_o like_a effect_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o they_o and_o this_o probability_n be_v the_o great_a because_o of_o all_o other_o efficient_a cause_n hitherto_o excogitated_a by_o learned_a man_n to_o solve_v the_o grand_a phaenomenon_n of_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n none_o can_v be_v give_v which_o be_v either_o so_o intelligible_a or_o so_o congruous_a to_o the_o whole_a mechanism_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o this_o which_o i_o have_v in_o this_o lecture_n endeavour_v to_o assert_v but_o this_o chair_n do_v not_o make_v i_o a_o judge_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v most_o excellent_a precedent_n and_o my_o most_o learned_a colleague_n be_v your_o right_n which_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o usurp_v i_o will_v therefore_o first_o to_o ease_v your_o memory_n reduce_v into_o few_o word_n the_o head_n of_o what_o i_o have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o then_o humble_o and_o without_o reserve_n submit_v all_o part_n of_o my_o disquisition_n for_o i_o pretend_v not_o to_o know_v but_o only_o to_o inquire_v truth_n to_o your_o examen_fw-la and_o judgement_n the_o sum_n of_o the_o precedent_n hypothesis_n be_v this_o i_o suppose_v first_o that_o the_o immediate_a efficient_a of_o the_o pulsation_n or_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o abbreviation_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o dilatation_n or_o expansion_n of_o their_o pore_n or_o little_a mesh_n second_o that_o the_o mediate_v efficient_a be_v the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la derive_v from_o the_o brain_n through_o the_o cardiac_n nerve_n which_o be_v instill_v into_o and_o diffuse_v through_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n fill_v and_o dilate_v their_o pore_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n abbreviate_v they_o with_o force_n sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o systole_n or_o constriction_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o to_o express_v the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o three_o that_o the_o short_a quiet_n or_o pause_v intercede_v betwixt_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n arise_v from_o equal_a pause_n or_o intermission_n betwixt_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la instill_v into_o and_o swell_v the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o as_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dropping_n be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o so_o be_v also_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n isochronic_a or_o aequitemporaneous_a four_o that_o the_o motion_n and_o guttulation_n of_o the_o succus_fw-la nervosus_fw-la into_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v accelerate_a or_o retard_v by_o whatsoever_o cause_n the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n must_v be_v more_o or_o less_o frequent_a proportionate_o thereto_o which_o thing_n if_o you_o now_o at_o length_n shall_v judge_v to_o be_v consentaneous_a to_o right_a reason_n agreeable_a to_o the_o animal_n oeconomy_n