that_o they_o doubt_v and_o then_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o say_v that_o apparent_o they_o doubt_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o to_o doubt_v but_o not_o that_o their_o doubt_n be_v but_o in_o appearance_n because_o it_o may_v happen_v they_o doubt_v in_o effect_n and_o that_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v but_o in_o appearance_n be_v not_o real_o but_o let_v we_o stick_v no_o long_o in_o word_n let_v we_o examine_v thing_n and_o see_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o doubt_n be_v for_o after_o that_o we_o may_v clear_o perceive_v whether_o beast_n be_v capable_a of_o form_v it_o aristotle_n say_v very_o elegant_o that_o he_o who_o doubt_n be_v like_a to_o a_o man_n bind_v because_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v restrain_v and_o can_v go_v whether_o they_o will_v this_o can_v advance_v forward_o in_o his_o way_n and_o that_o can_v make_v any_o progress_n in_o his_o knowledge_n in_o effect_n when_o he_o find_v that_o the_o object_n be_v not_o clear_o 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a_o cessation_n or_o rest_n otherwise_o whosoever_o will_v not_o know_v the_o thing_n and_o who_o spirit_n be_v dull_a and_o without_o action_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o man_n who_o be_v in_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o mind_n restrain_v itself_o and_o suffer_v not_o itself_o to_o be_v bear_v away_o whereto_o it_o have_v a_o design_n to_o go_v this_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v of_o proportionable_o to_o what_o happen_v to_o body_n that_o be_v heavy_a when_o they_o be_v in_o their_o centre_n their_o weight_n agitate_v not_o and_o they_o true_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o when_o they_o be_v suspend_v in_o the_o air_n although_o they_o be_v there_o retain_v yet_o they_o have_v a_o secret_a motion_n and_o make_v always_o some_o endeavour_n to_o fall_v it_o be_v even_o so_o with_o the_o judgement_n when_o it_o seek_v not_o the_o truth_n it_o be_v without_o action_n it_o cease_v to_o operate_v it_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o when_o it_o be_v suspend_v that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o it_o advance_v not_o yet_o this_o mark_n also_o the_o motion_n it_o make_v to_o attain_v to_o its_o end_n however_o it_o be_v this_o suspension_n of_o the_o judicative_a faculty_n come_v from_o the_o incertainty_n wherein_o she_o be_v whether_o she_o ought_v to_o unite_v or_o separate_v the_o image_n and_o this_o incertainty_n proceed_v from_o that_o it_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o be_v not_o in_o effect_n as_o she_o have_v propose_v they_o to_o herself_o but_o whence_o be_v it_o that_o she_o know_v it_o not_o certain_o there_o be_v many_o cause_n which_o contribute_v thereunto_o and_o we_o need_v only_o consult_v the_o epoche_n of_o the_o sceptic_a to_o find_v out_o that_o this_o defect_n have_v divers_a source_n sometime_o it_o happen_v from_o that_o the_o sense_n do_v not_o well_o represent_v the_o object_n for_o he_o that_o have_v a_o weak_a sight_n or_o who_o look_v on_o any_o thing_n through_o a_o thick_a air_n or_o at_o too_o 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in_o our_o common_a and_o private_a action_n in_o effect_n the_o way_n present_o to_o determine_v to_o know_v whether_o a_o business_n be_v good_a or_o ill_a when_o one_o find_v reason_n equal_o strong_a on_o both_o side_n and_o when_o two_o thing_n appear_v equal_o good_a how_o can_v a_o man_n so_o ready_o resolve_v to_o choose_v the_o most_o profitable_a or_o the_o most_o agreeable_a but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o produce_v all_o the_o cause_n which_o cause_n our_o doubt_n and_o irresolution_n it_o be_v in_o question_n here_o to_o know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o of_o those_o which_o we_o have_v mention_v which_o produce_v in_o animal_n the_o same_o effect_n it_o work_v in_o we_o which_o restrain_v their_o imagination_n when_o it_o shall_v either_o unite_v or_o separate_v image_n in_o a_o word_n which_o make_v they_o doubt_v the_o thing_n propose_v unto_o they_o ready_o to_o decide_v this_o question_n those_o who_o hold_v the_o negative_a part_n must_v go_v and_o be_v instruct_v by_o that_o ass_n so_o famous_a in_o the_o school_n find_v himself_o betwixt_o two_o measure_n of_o oat_n without_o be_v able_a to_o resolve_v to_o which_o of_o they_o to_o go_v both_o appear_v unto_o he_o equal_o good_a for_o they_o shall_v learn_v from_o he_o that_o in_o that_o condition_n he_o can_v not_o determine_v that_o his_o judgement_n be_v then_o in_o suspense_n and_o consequent_o that_o he_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o to_o do_v but_o if_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v he_o let_v they_o have_v recourse_n to_o m.c._n who_o in_o his_o consideration_n on_o charron_n in_o many_o place_n have_v show_v that_o the_o imagination_n of_o beast_n be_v often_o restrain_v in_o these_o action_n and_o that_o the_o combat_n which_o hunger_n and_o fear_n of_o be_v beat_v make_v in_o their_o mind_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o she_o remain_v unable_a of_o performance_n for_o this_o restraint_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o of_o the_o impotency_n wherein_o she_o be_v to_o resolve_v and_o form_v the_o practical_a judgement_n which_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o operation_n now_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o doubt_n as_o we_o have_v before_o show_v but_o perhaps_o they_o require_v other_o master_n beside_o these_o and_o that_o there_o be_v not_o authority_n enough_o to_o persuade_v they_o to_o this_o truth_n shall_v we_o even_o use_v that_o of_o aristotle_n who_o assure_v we_o that_o goat_n be_v astonish_v when_o they_o see_v any_o of_o they_o take_v by_o the_o beard_n and_o certain_o can_v this_o be_v believe_v in_o this_o particular_a they_o will_v be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o upon_o this_o occasion_n goat_n must_v doubt_v for_o astonishment_n be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o doubt_n and_o with_o suspense_n as_o in_o another_o place_n we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v since_o we_o must_v therefore_o treat_v with_o they_o by_o the_o only_a strength_n of_o reason_n i_o will_v have_v they_o presuppose_v what_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o work_n to_o wit_n that_o beast_n judge_v of_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o their_o imagination_n unite_v and_o separate_v the_o image_n she_o have_v form_v of_o they_o they_o must_v further_o agree_v with_o i_o that_o she_o unite_v not_o all_o kind_n of_o image_n but_o these_o only_a which_o agree_v together_o for_o she_o unite_v not_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a with_o bitter_a nor_o that_o of_o ill_a with_o sweet_a no_o more_o than_o the_o design_n of_o pursue_v with_o what_o be_v ill_a or_o that_o of_o fly_v with_o what_o be_v good_a but_o it_o join_v sweet_a with_o good_a and_o add_v to_o this_o the_o design_n of_o the_o pursuit_n as_o it_o unite_v the_o bitter_a with_o ill_n join_v afterward_o thereunto_o the_o
and_o more_o satisfy_a answer_n to_o all_o the_o objection_n you_o can_v make_v you_o shall_v find_v they_o in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n so_o that_o after_o reflection_n and_o deliberation_n we_o can_v never_o deny_v reason_n to_o beast_n lest_o we_o condemn_v ourselves_o for_o want_n of_o common_a sense_n let_v we_o therefore_o rather_o improve_v our_o intellectual_a faculty_n by_o subdue_a the_o sensual_a and_o thereby_o make_v that_o essential_a difference_n appear_v whereby_o at_o last_o we_o may_v attain_v to_o that_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o author_n so_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v our_o chief_a end_n t._n n._n a_o discourse_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o animal_n the_o introduction_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o man_n who_o believe_v himself_o nature_n masterpiece_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o right_n to_o command_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o universe_n shall_v not_o have_v inform_v himself_o of_o that_o title_n which_o give_v he_o these_o advantage_n and_o that_o he_o know_v not_o wherein_o the_o excellency_n consist_v wherewith_o he_o flatter_v himself_o not_o whereon_o the_o sovereignty_n he_o claim_v be_v found_v and_o what_o be_v the_o more_o wonderful_a be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v give_v himself_o the_o liberty_n to_o assign_v to_o every_o thing_n the_o rank_n and_o order_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o hold_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o prescribe_v they_o the_o function_n they_o be_v to_o exercise_v shall_v have_v forget_v himself_o in_o this_o general_a distribution_n which_o he_o have_v make_v have_v reserve_v for_o himself_o no_o employment_n worthy_a of_o his_o ambition_n or_o of_o the_o quality_n he_o have_v take_v for_o although_o he_o boast_v that_o he_o have_v reason_n for_o his_o portion_n and_o that_o he_o believe_v it_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o propriety_n and_o that_o it_o give_v he_o the_o sovereign_a command_n over_o all_o creature_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o ill_o explain_v himself_o therein_o and_o so_o weak_o maintain_v the_o right_n which_o may_v be_v he_o that_o in_o all_o age_n there_o have_v live_v very_o great_a philosopher_n who_o have_v assure_v that_o beast_n have_v reason_n so_o that_o even_o there_o have_v be_v time_n wherein_o it_o be_v hardly_o permit_v to_o doubt_v it_o and_o that_o since_o the_o contrary_n have_v creep_v into_o the_o school_n the_o most_o clear-sighted_a have_v hold_v it_o as_o suspect_v and_o the_o most_o moderate_a have_v rank_v it_o among_o those_o question_n which_o may_v be_v maintain_v on_o either_o side_n and_o certain_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o wonderful_a industry_n wherewith_o beast_n perform_v the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o work_n the_o ingenious_a foresight_n they_o use_v to_o shun_v evil_a and_o seek_v what_o be_v useful_a for_o they_o the_o sleight_n and_o nicety_n they_o practise_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o society_n and_o the_o communication_n they_o have_v together_o and_o all_o those_o example_n of_o prudence_n of_o gratitude_n and_o of_o generosity_n which_o they_o have_v give_v we_o and_o which_o have_v convince_v such_o great_a person_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o we_o must_v believe_v or_o at_o least_o suspect_v that_o action_n which_o appear_v so_o reasonable_a can_v but_o be_v manage_v by_o reason_n for_o if_o we_o will_v refer_v they_o to_o instinct_n the_o nature_n thereof_o be_v so_o hide_a that_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n to_o destroy_v such_o clear_a and_o strong_a conjecture_n by_o so_o obscure_a and_o ill_o establish_v a_o thing_n and_o which_o perhaps_o if_o it_o be_v well_o know_v will_v be_v find_v nothing_o different_a or_o estrange_v from_o reason_n in_o effect_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o instinct_n it_o must_v either_o be_v a_o exterior_a cause_n which_o force_v animal_n and_o work_n upon_o they_o without_o their_o contribute_v any_o thing_n but_o obedience_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v a_o faculty_n natural_a unto_o they_o by_o reason_n whereof_o they_o agitate_v themselves_o and_o be_v true_o the_o cause_n and_o principle_n of_o their_o action_n now_o as_o a_o man_n can_v maintain_v that_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a power_n without_o fall_v into_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o that_o we_o shall_v give_v a_o assault_n to_o the_o almightiness_n and_o infinite_a wisdom_n of_o god_n for_o have_v leave_v his_o work_n imperfect_a and_o have_v deprive_v they_o of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o virtue_n which_o be_v most_o necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n we_o must_v conclude_v it_o be_v a_o faculty_n bear_v with_o they_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o a_o order_n as_o elevate_v as_o its_o effect_n be_v excellent_a and_o which_o consequent_o act_v with_o a_o great_a knowledge_n if_o it_o be_v so_o who_o will_v not_o have_v cause_n to_o believe_v that_o action_n who_o success_n be_v so_o well_o order_v which_o have_v so_o well_o regulate_v a_o progress_n and_o a_o concatenation_n which_o so_o just_o tie_v together_o the_o mean_n with_o their_o end_n must_v needs_o be_v enlighten_v by_o reason_n but_o what_o render_v these_o presumption_n yet_o strong_a be_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o proof_n whereon_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v ground_v for_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o ratiocination_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o beast_n without_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o ratiocination_n for_o certain_o hitherto_o no_o man_n have_v exact_o discover_v wherein_o it_o consist_v nor_o what_o the_o soul_n do_v when_o it_o reason_n not_o what_o difference_n there_o be_v betwixt_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o two_o other_o we_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o in_o the_o first_o the_o understanding_n form_v the_o image_n of_o thing_n but_o when_o we_o come_v to_o examine_v the_o latter_a where_o ratiocination_n consist_v we_o fall_v short_a and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o discourse_n which_o like_o light_n make_v know_v the_o most_o obscure_a thing_n remain_v itself_o unknown_a and_o hide_v itself_o as_o that_o do_v in_o darkness_n yet_o herein_o be_v the_o foundation_n whereon_o the_o decision_n of_o this_o famous_a controversy_n ought_v to_o be_v establish_v and_o there_o have_v be_v no_o more_o subject_a to_o doubt_v if_o after_o have_v show_v how_o ratiocination_n be_v form_v it_o have_v be_v remonstrate_v that_o that_o action_n surpass_v the_o force_n of_o all_o those_o faculty_n which_o be_v in_o beast_n so_o that_o a_o man_n need_v not_o be_v astonish_v if_o for_o default_n of_o have_v well_o observe_v that_o fundamental_a truth_n a_o man_n be_v not_o sure_a of_o the_o party_n he_o ought_v to_o take_v and_o if_o we_o doubt_v of_o those_o conclusion_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o principle_n which_o be_v without_o evidence_n and_o without_o proof_n let_v they_o oppose_v as_o long_o as_o they_o please_v that_o reason_v require_v proposition_n and_o universal_a notion_n and_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v without_o abstraction_n and_o some_o reflection_n of_o the_o knowledge_n it_o have_v of_o its_o self_n which_o be_v thing_n whereto_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o soul_n of_o beast_n can_v never_o attain_v yet_o some_o will_v still_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o therein_o in_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n consist_v that_o all_o these_o condition_n be_v strange_a unto_o it_o and_o that_o the_o sillogism_n which_o be_v call_v expositive_a be_v a_o evident_a sign_n thereof_o since_o it_o can_v be_v form_v of_o term_n pure_o singular_a without_o any_o abstraction_n and_o there_o be_v no_o need_n for_o the_o spirit_n to_o reflect_v on_o itself_o whence_o it_o follow_v the_o difficulty_n be_v not_o take_v away_o so_o but_o that_o the_o conjecture_n which_o we_o have_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n remain_v in_o full_a force_n and_o that_o nothing_o be_v object_v which_o destroy_v or_o weaken_v it_o after_o which_o who_o dare_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v reason_n which_o raise_v man_n above_o beast_n without_o render_v that_o right_n doubtful_a which_o can_v be_v contest_v against_o he_o and_o without_o put_v a_o soveraigncie_n in_o competition_n to_o which_o all_o nature_n have_v subject_v itself_o no_o no_o there_o must_v be_v a_o more_o solid_a foundation_n which_o must_v maintain_v his_o dignity_n he_o must_v draw_v his_o perfection_n and_o excellency_n from_o a_o high_a source_n in_o a_o word_n he_o must_v have_v some_o virtue_n which_o must_v be_v so_o eminent_a which_o must_v be_v above_o all_o those_o which_o be_v in_o nature_n and_o whereto_o the_o most_o perfect_a animal_n can_v never_o attain_v but_o we_o must_v yet_o confess_v that_o he_o who_o shall_v have_v discover_v so_o important_a a_o matter_n have_v do_v no_o small_a service_n to_o all_o the_o society_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o perhaps_o he_o have_v little_o less_o oblige_v they_o than_o those_o who_o invent_v the_o most_o profitable_a art_n and_o science_n beside_o that_o he_o
the_o worse_o i_o shall_v indeed_o have_v be_v just_o chastise_v for_o my_o imprudence_n have_v i_o afterward_o meet_v with_o in_o his_o book_n so_o many_o piquant_v and_o malicious_a word_n which_o he_o vent_v against_o i_o and_o which_o he_o have_v mix_v with_o some_o praise_n as_o those_o who_o infuse_v poison_n with_o sugar_n when_o i_o see_v those_o shameful_a reproach_n he_o make_v i_o sometime_o that_o my_o mind_n be_v distort_v and_o that_o i_o have_v not_o think_v of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v p._n 124_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o truth_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o stick_v at_o they_o p._n 148._o and_o then_o that_o i_o be_o ignorant_a of_o the_o rule_n and_o term_n of_o philosophy_n p._n 240._o that_o i_o every_o minute_n fall_v into_o contradiction_n and_o that_o he_o can_v hardly_o believe_v i_o be_o author_n of_o the_o work_n p._n 242._o with_o a_o hundred_o such_o like_a which_o he_o utter_v with_o scorn_n and_o reproach_n no_o no_o this_o proceed_n make_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v no_o intelligence_n with_o i_o that_o he_o have_v defend_v his_o cause_n the_o best_a he_o be_v able_a and_o that_o if_o he_o have_v bring_v ill_a reason_n to_o maintain_v it_o it_o be_v because_o he_o believe_v they_o good_a and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o defect_n neither_o will_v i_o absolute_o condemn_v he_o for_o the_o incivility_n he_o have_v treat_v i_o withal_o and_o i_o shall_v rather_o attribute_v it_o to_o heat_n of_o dispute_n or_o the_o natural_a sharpness_n of_o a_o critic_n then_o to_o any_o ill_a will_v he_o can_v have_v against_o i_o i_o know_v that_o in_o combat_n of_o pleasure_n and_o divertisement_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a but_o some_o angry_a touch_n must_v be_v give_v and_o that_o blow_n can_v be_v handle_v so_o dexterous_o but_o some_o will_v be_v rude_a than_o they_o be_v intend_v but_o what_o be_v to_o have_v be_v desire_v in_o those_o of_o m.c._n it_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v behave_v himself_o pleasant_o and_o like_o a_o gallant_a fellow_n and_o not_o have_v accompany_v they_o with_o a_o pedantic_a severity_n which_o appear_v through_o all_o his_o discourse_n and_o which_o will_v oblige_v many_o man_n to_o believe_v that_o passion_n rather_o than_o truth_n have_v arm_v his_o pen_n against_o i_o there_o be_v even_o some_o already_o who_o have_v make_v this_o judgement_n have_v observe_v how_o he_o introduce_v my_o name_n to_o the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n and_o that_o he_o affect_v to_o repeat_v it_o in_o all_o the_o passage_n he_o be_v able_a for_o since_o it_o not_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o question_n and_o that_o he_o may_v have_v examine_v my_o reason_n without_o name_a i_o even_o as_o i_o have_v do_v those_o of_o other_o man_n they_o do_v believe_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v some_o secret_a malignity_n which_o move_v he_o to_o place_v my_o name_n for_o a_o trophy_n in_o the_o front_n of_o his_o work_n and_o to_o lead_v it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o triumph_n through_o all_o the_o page_n of_o his_o book_n for_o my_o part_n i_o dare_v not_o judge_v so_o sinister_o of_o his_o intention_n so_o far_o be_v i_o from_o complain_v of_o he_o in_o that_o encounter_n that_o i_o find_v i_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v he_o for_o put_v i_o in_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o great_a man_n he_o have_v assault_v and_o i_o shall_v never_o be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v my_o name_n appear_v with_o the_o name_n of_o mr._n de_fw-fr charron_n and_o mr._n de_fw-fr montagne_n shall_v he_o even_o reckon_v they_o among_o those_o he_o have_v conquer_v it_o be_v true_a if_o he_o have_v be_v well_o advise_v for_o his_o own_o glory_n he_o shall_v never_o have_v make_v mention_n of_o i_o nor_o have_v discover_v that_o i_o be_v the_o man_n with_o who_o he_o be_v to_o combat_v some_o may_v have_v think_v after_o have_v see_v he_o enter_v the_o lift_v against_o such_o great_a person_n that_o i_o be_v of_o the_o same_o rank_n and_o that_o he_o choose_v i_o as_o a_o enemy_n worthy_a both_o of_o his_o strength_n and_o courage_n but_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v know_v that_o it_o be_v against_o i_o he_o have_v make_v this_o stir_n to_o lift_v up_o his_o buckler_n and_o that_o it_o will_v afterward_o appear_v that_o weak_a and_o fresh_a as_o i_o be_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o trial_n i_o shall_v have_v so_o easy_o defeat_v a_o man_n who_o will_v pass_v for_o the_o bravo_n of_o our_o age_n and_o who_o in_o his_o write_n present_v all_o comer_n with_o a_o challenge_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v it_o may_v much_o diminish_v the_o credit_n he_o may_v have_v and_o lest_o he_o be_v accuse_v for_o a_o weak_a and_o quarrelsome_a person_n who_o seek_v to_o gain_v reputation_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o another_o man_n have_v he_o therefore_o follow_v the_o counsel_n which_o prudence_n will_v have_v give_v he_o in_o this_o encounter_n he_o have_v save_v himself_o from_o these_o reproach_n and_o have_v save_v i_o the_o pain_n to_o have_v answer_v he_o without_o have_v interest_v myself_o in_o a_o question_n wherein_o all_o opinion_n be_v free_a i_o shall_v not_o have_v disturb_v the_o pleasure_n wherewith_o he_o flatter_v himself_o with_o a_o imaginary_a victory_n and_o without_o envy_n i_o can_v have_v suffer_v he_o to_o have_v triumph_v over_o a_o enemy_n which_o he_o have_v not_o overcome_v but_o it_o have_v be_v a_o barrenness_n in_o i_o to_o have_v continue_v with_o my_o arm_n across_o after_o the_o public_a defy_v he_o have_v give_v i_o and_o honour_n oblige_v i_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n which_o i_o hear_v groan_v under_o his_o censure_n and_o which_o i_o perceive_v ready_a to_o fall_v into_o the_o ambush_n he_o have_v lay_v for_o it_o behold_v i_o be_o ready_a to_o defend_v it_o i_o be_o here_o ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o proposition_n which_o m._n c_o have_v contest_v the_o reader_n shall_v afterward_o judge_v which_o of_o we_o two_o have_v the_o better_a right_n but_o that_o he_o may_v be_v instruct_v of_o all_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v necessary_a in_o my_o defence_n he_o must_v be_v inform_v of_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v and_o of_o the_o motive_n which_o have_v oblige_v i_o to_o another_o course_n than_o that_o which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v follow_v have_v consider_v that_o the_o proof_n which_o have_v be_v use_v to_o show_v that_o beast_n reason_n do_v not_o not_o convince_v those_o who_o hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o that_o they_o shift_v off_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o by_o the_o word_n instinct_n which_o how_o vain_a soever_o it_o be_v forbear_v not_o to_o entangle_v the_o question_n and_o render_v the_o decision_n the_o more_o doubtful_a i_o imagine_v the_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o source_n and_o leave_v experiment_n which_o be_v contest_v it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o ratiocination_n itself_o i_o therefore_o will_v examine_v the_o nature_n thereof_o and_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n which_o beast_n can_v not_o do_v and_o which_o surpass_v the_o force_n of_o the_o imagination_n and_o of_o the_o other_o faculty_n which_o all_o be_v agree_v they_o be_v endow_v withal_o but_o as_o reason_v be_v a_o knowledge_n and_o that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n to_o wit_n the_o first_o conception_n the_o judgement_n and_o the_o discourse_n i_o think_v it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v know_v wherein_o all_o three_o of_o they_o consist_v and_o what_o action_n the_o soul_n perform_v in_o every_o of_o they_o have_v therefore_o find_v that_o in_o the_o first_o she_o form_v the_o image_n of_o object_n in_o the_o second_o she_o unite_v or_o divide_v two_o of_o those_o image_n and_o in_o the_o three_o she_o collect_v together_o three_o of_o which_o she_o compose_v several_a proposition_n which_o form_n discourse_n methinks_v that_o all_o the_o difficulty_n be_v reduce_v to_o this_o point_n to_o wit_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o imagination_n can_v unite_v or_o divide_v image_n for_o if_o it_o have_v that_o power_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v able_a to_o make_v proposition_n and_o in_o pursuance_n reason_v this_o be_v the_o principal_a subject_n of_o the_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v bring_v to_o light_n the_o first_o part_n whereof_o be_v whole_o employ_v to_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n can_v form_v and_o unite_v several_a image_n and_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o may_v conceive_v judge_n and_o discourse_n the_o other_o part_n contain_v the_o answer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o strong_a objection_n which_o may_v be_v propose_v against_o these_o truth_n and_o principal_o to_o those_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o custom_n and_o from_o instinct_n where_o i_o have_v explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o
all_o true_a syllogism_n these_o than_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o we_o think_v we_o ought_v to_o employ_v to_o show_v that_o animal_n reason_n for_o although_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a many_o more_o one_o part_n of_o which_o several_a great_a person_n have_v use_v and_o which_o may_v be_v augment_v by_o those_o which_o man_n of_o judgement_n may_v deduce_v from_o so_o rich_a and_o fruitful_a a_o subject_n we_o neither_o judge_v they_o can_v accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o principle_n we_o have_v establish_v nor_o to_o the_o shortness_n we_o seek_v nor_o to_o the_o belief_n we_o have_v that_o we_o alone_o may_v demonstrate_v this_o truth_n we_o must_v now_o observe_v what_o hurt_v they_o have_v receive_v from_o m.c._n his_o critic_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v be_v weaken_v by_o his_o assault_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o say_v that_o i_o have_v before_o i_o a_o enemy_n very_o wise_a and_o very_o advise_v and_o who_o through_o the_o mistrust_n he_o have_v of_o his_o own_o force_n use_v all_o the_o address_n of_o great_a commander_n who_o gain_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v the_o advantage_n of_o sun_n and_o wind_n and_o amuse_v the_o enemy_n with_o light_a skirmish_n without_o assault_v he_o in_o front_n and_o decide_v the_o business_n by_o a_o equal_a battle_n for_o beside_o that_o m._n c._n think_v he_o have_v aristotle_n on_o his_o side_n and_o that_o he_o have_v oppose_v against_o we_o all_o the_o law_n of_o syllogism_n as_o if_o himself_o have_v see_v the_o chief_a of_o my_o reason_n he_o dispose_v they_o as_o he_o please_v and_o in_o a_o very_a strange_a order_n he_o confute_v my_o conclusion_n before_o he_o have_v examine_v the_o ground_n and_o for_o all_o objection_n he_o have_v produce_v only_o imaginary_a inconvenience_n or_o paralogism_n in_o effect_n in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n he_o treat_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o question_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n in_o the_o 16._o he_o show_v they_o make_v no_o proposition_n and_o at_o last_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o sense_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o knowledge_n on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o often_o unlink_v a_o reason_n from_o a_o subject_a or_o be_v affect_v to_o join_v it_o with_o another_o which_o be_v more_o useless_a and_o the_o best_a i_o find_v be_v that_o as_o he_o imagine_v i_o shall_v have_v follow_v the_o order_n he_o keep_v he_o in_o many_o place_n accuse_v i_o of_o suppose_v thing_n as_o not_o be_v prove_v because_o he_o have_v then_o speak_v of_o they_o without_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v they_o before_o but_o against_o all_o these_o wile_n which_o lose_v their_o name_n and_o effect_v when_o they_o be_v not_o discover_v we_o may_v here_o speak_v in_o gross_a to_o m.c._n till_o we_o have_v consider_v they_o by_o denial_n beast_n the_o rule_n of_o logic_n destroy_v not_o the_o reason_v of_o beast_n first_o that_o neither_o aristotle_n nor_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o logic_n which_o he_o have_v give_v we_o do_v not_o destroy_v the_o manner_n of_o reason_v which_o beast_n use_v because_o they_o be_v like_o two_o different_a state_n which_o govern_v themselves_o by_o different_a law_n and_o if_o aristotle_n have_v make_v those_o which_o be_v necessary_a whereby_o the_o understanding_n form_v its_o discourss_n it_o be_v not_o but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o for_o those_o of_o the_o imagination_n i_o will_v have_v it_o grant_v as_o a_o indubitable_a maxim_n that_o no_o lawful_a conclusion_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o particular_a proposition_n and_o that_o the_o four_o figure_n of_o galen_n be_v useless_a nay_o even_o faulty_a but_o this_o take_v place_n only_o in_o humane_a ratiocination_n which_o ever_o require_v some_o universal_a proposition_n and_o not_o in_o that_o of_o beast_n which_o can_v only_o be_v form_v from_o particular_a judgement_n if_o m._n c._n will_v have_v uphold_v the_o consequence_n he_o draw_v from_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o school_n he_o shall_v first_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o no_o ratiocination_n can_v be_v make_v without_o some_o universal_a proposition_n for_o though_o he_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o beside_o that_o the_o expositive_a syllogism_n will_v always_o convince_v he_o he_o can_v never_o make_v but_o that_o this_o must_v be_v a_o true_a syllogism_n this_o white_a be_v sweet_a this_o sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v then_o this_o white_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o oppose_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o four_o figure_n for_o be_v it_o true_a this_o figure_n will_v not_o be_v faulty_a in_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o imagination_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o a_o vicious_a syllogism_n be_v a_o syllogism_n and_o a_o man_n can_v say_v that_o he_o that_o reason_n ill_a reason_n not_o in_o fine_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o ratiocination_n in_o itself_o and_o without_o consider_v the_o difference_n thereof_o be_v a_o discourse_n which_o from_o two_o proposition_n link_v together_o by_o a_o common_a term_n infer_v a_o three_o and_o as_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o particular_a proposition_n as_o well_o as_o by_o universal_a it_o be_v indifferent_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o reason_v in_o general_a for_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o to_o be_v therein_o employ_v for_o if_o in_o reason_v there_o must_v be_v two_o thing_n which_o convene_v in_o a_o three_o and_o agree_v also_o among_o themselves_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a this_o agree_v be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o well_o in_o particular_a as_o in_o universal_a proposition_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o propose_a example_n where_o the_o white_a and_o the_o good_a to_o eat_v agree_v with_o the_o sweet_a which_o be_v common_a to_o they_o in_o effect_n as_o this_o agreement_n be_v ground_v on_o a_o whole_a wherein_o divers_a thing_n be_v comprehend_v and_o that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o they_o to_o wit_n the_o particular_a and_o the_o universal_a there_o be_v also_o two_o sort_n of_o agreement_n the_o one_o which_o be_v particular_a which_o serve_v to_o the_o ratiocination_n of_o particular_n and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v universal_a which_o serve_v to_o the_o general_a but_o we_o shall_v more_o ample_o explicate_v this_o in_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o m.c._n his_o reason_n in_o the_o second_o place_n i_o say_v for_o what_o concern_v the_o order_n he_o have_v dispose_v my_o matter_n in_o although_o he_o think_v he_o have_v do_v much_o for_o his_o own_o cause_n to_o have_v transpose_v my_o reason_n and_o my_o proof_n and_o from_o the_o first_o start_n to_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v the_o reason_v of_o beast_n without_o have_v examine_v the_o principle_n wherein_o i_o think_v i_o have_v establish_v it_o i_o fear_v he_o be_v to_o be_v reprove_v that_o he_o have_v proceed_v neither_o with_o candour_n nor_o with_o any_o good_a form_n as_o these_o reason_n be_v the_o light_n which_o lose_v or_o augment_v their_o splendour_n according_a to_o the_o situation_n they_o be_v give_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o have_v place_v i_o otherwise_o then_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v he_o have_v much_o weaken_v they_o and_o that_o those_o who_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o consider_v they_o exact_o will_v not_o observe_v that_o vivacity_n and_o force_n they_o may_v have_v have_v in_o my_o discourse_n but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v use_v this_o treachery_n for_o although_o every_o man_n be_v master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o thing_n he_o treat_v of_o this_o in_o critic_n have_v its_o exception_n and_o principal_o when_o we_o take_v in_o task_n all_o what_o a_o author_n have_v write_v on_o any_o subject_a for_o then_o sincerity_n and_o candour_n oblige_v we_o to_o preserve_v the_o legitimate_a advantage_n it_o have_v acquire_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o its_o matter_n and_o who_o make_v he_o lose_v they_o lose_v also_o the_o quality_n of_o faithful_a and_o sincere_a nevertheless_o i_o will_v have_v m._n c._n defend_v himself_o from_o all_o his_o defect_n yet_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v excuse_v himself_o of_o that_o whereon_o he_o fall_v fall_v upon_o my_o conclusion_n without_o before_o have_v destroy_v the_o foundation_n whereon_o it_o be_v sustain_v for_o whatever_o he_o may_v say_v against_o it_o if_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o imagination_n unite_v several_a term_n and_o several_a proposition_n and_o that_o the_o bond_n which_o the_o syllogism_n require_v meet_v in_o this_o union_n he_o must_v himself_o confess_v that_o she_o discourse_v in_o these_o encounter_n and_o what_o reason_n soever_o he_o bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n will_v never_o absolute_o decide_v the_o question_n so_o long_o as_o i_o subsist_v all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v to_o render_v they_o doubtful_a
statue_n of_o alexander_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o fear_n which_o the_o remembrance_n of_o that_o prince_n anger_n move_v in_o his_o mind_n and_o that_o he_o then_o represent_v to_o himself_o the_o danger_n he_o be_v in_o at_o that_o time_n when_o alexander_n be_v angry_a with_o he_o that_o be_v to_o say_v he_o still_o consider_v it_o as_o ready_a to_o come_v it_o therefore_o from_o thence_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o ratiocination_n he_o make_v in_o these_o encounter_n be_v like_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o instruction_n of_o beast_n when_o these_o hear_v a_o threat_n like_a to_o that_o which_o they_o have_v former_o hear_v and_o which_o be_v follow_v with_o blow_n they_o ought_v right_o to_o think_v that_o since_o such_o a_o thing_n former_o cause_v their_o ill_n that_o which_o present_v itself_o be_v like_o it_o ought_v also_o to_o cause_v they_o the_o like_a ill_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o example_n of_o cassander_n which_o relate_v to_o this_o alexander_n statue_n have_v not_o that_o resemblance_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o oblige_v he_o to_o conclude_v after_o that_o manner_n it_o must_v have_v be_v that_o that_o must_v have_v be_v angry_a that_o must_v have_v threaten_v and_o that_o must_v have_v be_v capable_a to_o have_v do_v he_o harm_n in_o this_o case_n he_o have_v have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o since_o alexander_n have_v former_o do_v he_o ill_o this_o statue_n be_v like_o he_o ought_v also_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o ill_a in_o fine_a in_o the_o instruction_n of_o beast_n there_o be_v always_o two_o alike_a cause_n that_o which_o be_v past_a who_o effect_n be_v also_o past_a and_o that_o which_o be_v present_a who_o effect_n be_v to_o come_v and_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o enter_v into_o the_o discourse_n which_o the_o imagination_n make_v but_o here_o there_o be_v only_o the_o past_a cause_n which_o come_v back_o to_o the_o memory_n and_o although_o the_o statue_n be_v present_a it_o enter_v not_o into_o the_o ratiocination_n of_o cassander_n it_o only_o awaken_v the_o notion_n which_o compose_v it_o m.c._n have_v therefore_o very_o ill_o take_v his_o measure_n when_o he_o compare_v these_o two_o reason_n together_o and_o very_o wrongful_o endeavour_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o that_o of_o beast_n be_v not_o make_v as_o we_o have_v say_v because_o we_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o cassander_n be_v so_o make_v what_o he_o add_v of_o the_o scythian_a slave_n who_o after_o have_v overcome_v their_o master_n in_o several_a battle_n be_v at_o last_o rout_v at_o sight_n of_o the_o whip_n which_o be_v show_v unto_o they_o when_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o re-ingage_a it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o prejudice_v my_o proposition_n that_o it_o confirm_v it_o and_o suppose_v that_o beast_n use_v the_o same_o form_n of_o reason_v when_o they_o be_v instruct_v for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o surprise_v make_v they_o fear_n and_o that_o this_o fear_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o ill_a to_o come_v by_o the_o remembrance_n which_o those_o rod_n give_v they_o that_o their_o master_n have_v former_o chastise_v they_o therewith_o so_o that_o they_o judge_v it_o fit_a that_o since_o those_o rod_n wherewith_o their_o master_n be_v arm_v be_v like_o those_o with_o which_o they_o have_v former_o be_v beat_v they_o ought_v again_o to_o apprehend_v from_o they_o the_o like_a effect_n and_o m._n c._n vain_o labour_v to_o destroy_v this_o discourse_n when_o he_o say_v that_o if_o they_o have_v have_v the_o leisure_n to_o reason_n and_o confer_v all_o these_o thing_n they_o have_v never_o be_v so_o fright_v and_o that_o the_o first_o reason_v they_o make_v be_v to_o condemn_v their_o first_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o submit_v to_o reason_n for_o beside_o that_o there_o need_v but_o a_o moment_n for_o all_o this_o he_o according_a to_o his_o custom_n confound_v intellectual_a reason_n with_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n as_o we_o have_v show_v he_o elsewhere_o and_o there_o need_v no_o other_o answer_n for_o those_o panic_n fear_n since_o he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o of_o what_o happen_v to_o these_o slave_n but_o i_o will_v add_v that_o since_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o true_a syllogism_n and_o that_o as_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o these_o slave_n make_v be_v apparent_o good_a and_o have_v no_o proposition_n which_o be_v evidenly_a false_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v if_o what_o m._n c._n say_v be_v true_a that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o devance_v all_o other_o panic_n terror_n let_v he_o no_o more_o object_n the_o syllogism_n he_o make_v cassander_n make_v that_o man_n fear_n will_v never_o strengthen_v his_o party_n as_o we_o have_v now_o show_v and_o if_o he_o will_v believe_v i_o he_o ought_v to_o ask_v help_n from_o some_o other_o captain_n who_o be_v more_o bold_a than_o this_o from_o all_o these_o rare_a experience_n m.c._n deduce_v marvellous_a induction_n which_o have_v already_o satisfy_v we_o will_v not_o stay_v much_o upon_o they_o 1._o he_o say_v that_o in_o all_o these_o encounter_v its_o neither_o the_o present_a object_n nor_o apprehension_n of_o the_o future_a which_o move_v the_o fancy_n but_o we_o have_v already_o show_v the_o contrary_n 2._o that_o the_o image_n of_o past_a object_n reside_v in_o the_o memory_n the_o imagination_n need_v form_n not_o other_o since_o those_o be_v sufficient_a all_o our_o second_o part_n be_v employ_v in_o consuting_a this_o proposition_n which_o destroy_v the_o nature_n of_o knowledge_n 3._o that_o image_n which_o can_v only_o come_v from_o present_a object_n can_v also_o only_o represent_v they_o but_o as_o present_v and_o that_o they_o canaot_v be_v again_o communicate_v to_o the_o imagination_n but_o they_o must_v needs_o move_v it_o as_o they_o have_v do_v former_o the_o same_o cause_n ever_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o absent_a object_n work_v on_o the_o appetite_n as_o if_o it_o be_v present_a and_o that_o as_o be_v present_a it_o stir_v up_o the_o appetite_n without_o employ_v any_o discourse_n it_o may_v be_v absent_a do_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o this_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v modification_n which_o the_o soul_n add_v to_o the_o image_n which_o it_o receive_v from_o present_a object_n that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v of_o that_o kind_n and_o that_o so_o a_o present_a object_n may_v be_v consider_v both_o as_o past_a and_o as_o to_o come_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o one_o of_o these_o image_n be_v again_o communicate_v to_o the_o imagination_n may_v move_v the_o appetite_n after_o another_o manner_n then_o when_o at_o the_o first_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o mind_n and_o that_o afterward_o it_o can_v pass_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n since_o it_o be_v diversify_v by_o a_o new_a circumstance_n as_o for_o his_o first_o proposition_n which_o import_v that_o since_o the_o present_a object_n move_v the_o appetite_n without_o discourse_n the_o ascent_n may_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o shall_v willing_o grant_v it_o he_o in_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o time_n we_o be_v in_o so_o as_o the_o object_n be_v only_o know_v as_o present_v or_o absent_a for_o if_o the_o imagination_n go_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o chief_o if_o it_o draw_v consequence_n from_o it_o for_o the_o future_a we_o can_v doubt_v but_o the_o present_a and_o absent_a object_n must_v move_v the_o appetite_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o discortse_n which_o in_o these_o encounter_v the_o imagination_n make_v now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o all_o the_o example_n which_o he_o have_v propose_v the_o soul_n make_v a_o progress_n from_o one_o difference_n of_o time_n to_o another_o and_o therefore_o she_o reason_n and_o therefore_o all_o m._n c's_o induction_n be_v vain_a but_o wherefore_o do_v we_o so_o long_o insist_v on_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o decide_v and_o what_o can_v we_o do_v in_o repeat_v they_o so_o often_o but_o as_o often_o we_o must_v afflict_v m.c._n with_o the_o remembrance_n of_o his_o first_o defeat_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o generous_o to_o overcome_v he_o we_o must_v spare_v shame_v a_o vanquish_a enemy_n and_o not_o use_v he_o ill_o when_o he_o have_v give_v up_o his_o arm_n let_v we_o therefore_o pass_v to_o other_o matter_n and_o without_o speak_v any_o more_o of_o all_o these_o difference_n of_o time_n wherein_o m_n c._n have_v lose_v himself_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o what_o he_o have_v say_v of_o the_o custom_n may_v repair_v his_o loss_n and_o whether_o it_o destroy_v any_o of_o my_o proposition_n of_o custom_n and_o that_o it_o can_v be_v
principal_a proof_n it_o contain_v shall_v be_v full_o confute_v by_o the_o follow_a article_n where_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v many_o ratiocination_n which_o be_v make_v without_o deliberation_n and_o that_o the_o other_o two_o have_v be_v examine_v here_o before_o we_o have_v show_v that_o we_o may_v reason_v without_o make_v use_n of_o any_o universal_a notion_n and_o that_o the_o imagination_n although_o it_o know_v nothing_o without_o phantasm_n yet_o it_o form_n phantasm_n which_o be_v not_o express_v in_o those_o image_n which_o the_o exterior_a sense_n furnish_v it_o withal_o such_o as_o be_v the_o union_n or_o the_o division_n and_o those_o species_n which_o the_o school_n call_v non_fw-la sensatas_fw-la as_o to_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a friend_n or_o enemy_n and_o other_o such_o like_a for_o from_o thence_o it_o follow_v that_o that_o faculty_n which_o reason_n do_v always_o something_o anew_o by_o unite_n or_o separate_a term_n and_o thing_n which_o she_o know_v not_o before_o in_o that_o condition_n neither_o for_o all_o this_o can_v any_o infer_v that_o the_o imagination_n which_o do_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v independent_a from_o its_o organ_n otherwise_o we_o must_v say_v that_o she_o know_v neither_o what_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a friend_n or_o foe_n and_o that_o she_o judge_v not_o of_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o those_o action_n be_v mark_v with_o independency_n chap._n ii_o the_o second_o objection_n of_o the_o deliberation_n which_o accompany_v ratiocination_n have_v satisfy_v the_o precedent_a objection_n we_o have_v propose_v what_o our_o adversary_n say_v that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o animal_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o reasonable_a may_v proceed_v from_o somewhat_o else_o then_o reason_n and_o that_o nature_n which_o do_v not_o multiply_v cause_n without_o necessity_n shall_v not_o have_v make_v use_n of_o so_o noble_a a_o faculty_n for_o the_o conduct_n of_o beast_n since_o those_o which_o be_v more_o proper_a and_o as_o it_o be_v domestic_a may_v alone_o have_v satisfy_v thereunto_o for_o all_o what_o appear_v most_o wonderful_a in_o their_o action_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v reference_n either_o to_o instinct_n memory_n or_o custom_n whereunto_o we_o have_v answer_v that_o with_o they_o we_o acknowledge_v all_o these_o cause_n but_o that_o we_o believe_v that_o they_o do_v not_o exclude_v reason_n and_o that_o all_o action_n which_o beast_n perform_v out_o of_o custom_n instruction_n or_o instinct_n be_v do_v with_o ratiocination_n which_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o pursuit_n of_o our_o first_o book_n but_o because_o m_n c._n have_v force_v we_o to_o change_v this_o order_n we_o have_v employ_v in_o the_o three_o part_n all_o what_o concern_v instruction_n and_o custom_n and_o we_o reserve_v for_o the_o second_o book_n what_o belong_v to_o instinct_n so_o that_o we_o have_v here_o no_o more_o considerable_a objection_n to_o examine_v but_o only_o those_o which_o respect_n the_o deliberation_n and_o the_o language_n of_o beast_n they_o say_v then_o that_o if_o beast_n be_v capable_a of_o reason_n they_o will_v also_o have_v power_n to_o deliberate_v and_o consequent_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v free_a indetermine_v and_o therefore_o endue_v with_o a_o universal_a faculty_n which_o always_o presuppose_v a_o nature_n independent_a from_o the_o matter_n to_o which_o we_o have_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o to_o reason_n one_o must_v deliberate_a since_o we_o often_o employ_v reason_n where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o deliberation_n forasmuch_o as_o we_o can_v deliberate_v but_o when_o there_o be_v several_a mean_n find_v to_o attain_v some_o end_n and_o that_o we_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o choose_v which_o we_o please_v that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o beast_n shall_v deliberate_v because_o that_o beside_o that_o most_o common_o they_o have_v but_o one_o way_n to_o attain_v their_o end_n as_o that_o which_o their_o instinct_n teach_v they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o then_o when_o they_o encounter_v several_a mean_n they_o present_o determine_v on_o that_o which_o first_o present_v its_o self_n or_o on_o the_o most_o efficacious_a and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n of_o choice_n have_v not_o a_o indifferent_a and_o universal_a faculty_n but_o altogether_o limit_v and_o determine_v as_o we_o have_v so_o often_o repeat_v it_o before_o m._n c._n begin_v to_o examine_v this_o answer_n he_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o in_o the_o design_n he_o have_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o ratiocination_n none_o ought_v to_o apprehend_v that_o he_o go_v about_o to_o transcribe_v all_o what_o logic_n teach_v concern_v the_o three_o operation_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o of_o a_o truth_n this_o advice_n be_v both_o very_a judicious_a and_o very_a necessary_a for_o after_o have_v see_v the_o first_o proposition_n he_o bring_v forth_o it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o have_v be_v apprehend_v have_v he_o say_v more_o but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v spoil_v all_o what_o logic_n teach_v we_o thereupon_o in_o effect_n all_o the_o division_n he_o here_o make_v be_v imperfect_a and_o do_v not_o contain_v all_o the_o member_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v admit_v he_o bring_v only_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o simple_a affirmation_n the_o agreement_n which_o appear_v evident_a although_o there_o be_v another_o which_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n for_o the_o agreement_n may_v be_v certain_a without_o be_v evident_a as_o it_o be_v in_o proposition_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o restrain_v ratiocination_n to_o a_o use_n which_o be_v more_o manifest_a be_v not_o the_o more_o noble_a for_o although_o it_o serve_v to_o clear_v doubtful_a thing_n yet_o be_v not_o that_o the_o only_a employment_n it_o have_v since_o it_o form_v the_o intelligence_n of_o man_n and_o angel_n where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o doubt_n or_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n this_o action_n be_v perform_v in_o a_o instant_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o three_o part._n to_o conclude_v he_o shut_v up_o all_o ratiocination_n in_o two_o species_n the_o one_o which_o serve_v to_o acquire_v the_o science_n who_o object_n be_v alone_a knowledge_n and_o ground_n itself_o only_o on_o unchangeable_a principle_n and_o be_v call_v contemplation_n the_o other_o principle_n be_v a_o practical_a end_n and_o be_v call_v deliberation_n but_o this_o division_n be_v not_o exact_a and_o leave_v divers_a ratiocination_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v relate_v to_o contemplation_n nor_o to_o deliberation_n for_o if_o this_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o morality_n as_o aristotle_n teach_v what_o will_v become_v of_o all_o topick_n and_o probable_a syllogism_n what_o will_v become_v of_o the_o counsel_n of_o war_n consultation_n in_o physic_n in_o a_o word_n of_o of_o all_o ratiocination_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o art_n for_o it_o will_v not_o belong_v to_o contemplation_n since_o its_o principle_n be_v neither_o necessary_a nor_o unchangeable_a nor_o to_o deliberation_n since_o they_o have_v no_o practical_a end_n as_o aristotle_n understand_v it_o but_o what_o say_v m.c_o it_o be_v aristotle_n himself_o have_v propose_v this_o division_n be_v there_o any_o appearance_n that_o he_o understand_v not_o what_o he_o best_o know_v and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o study_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o ratiocination_n we_o shall_v never_o be_v trouble_v with_o this_o thought_n and_o we_o know_v that_o in_o his_o work_n wherein_o he_o shall_v have_v examine_v the_o nature_n of_o ratiocination_n to_o the_o bottom_n he_o have_v very_o well_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v a_o perfect_a knowledge_n thereof_o but_o we_o also_o know_v that_o he_o have_v not_o equal_o everywhere_o treat_v of_o thing_n and_o that_o there_o be_v place_n where_o he_o have_v examine_v they_o with_o all_o subtlety_n and_o with_o all_o the_o delicacy_n of_o science_n and_o other_o wherein_o he_o have_v speak_v but_o superficial_o and_o in_o most_o common_a notion_n it_o be_v what_o he_o say_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o his_o moral_n where_o he_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o in_o two_o sort_n of_o discourse_n he_o must_v not_o require_v a_o exact_a perquisition_n of_o thing_n but_o only_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n we_o treat_v and_o that_o his_o design_n be_v gross_o and_o superficial_o to_o touch_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o matter_n which_o ought_v to_o enter_v into_o this_o work_n after_o have_v so_o clear_o explicate_v himself_o be_v it_o handsome_a for_o m._n c._n in_o the_o dispute_n we_o have_v where_o it_o be_v in_o question_n punctual_o to_o observe_v the_o nature_n and_o condition_n of_o discourse_n to_o use_v those_o passage_n of_o the_o work_n wherein_o the_o author_n himself_o protest_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o speak_v exact_o of_o thing_n beside_o aristotle_n make_v not_o this_o division_n and_o be_v
those_o cause_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o can_v act_v without_o the_o help_n of_o reason_n this_o order_n be_v not_o please_v to_o m.c._n and_o in_o the_o examen_fw-la he_o make_v he_o have_v not_o only_o begin_v his_o book_n by_o a_o discourse_n of_o instinct_n but_o he_o will_v also_o have_v it_o believe_v that_o i_o have_v do_v ill_o in_o not_o follow_v that_o method_n see_v i_o hold_v that_o the_o instinct_n suppose_v a_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o that_o natural_a knowledge_n ought_v to_o be_v treat_v before_o those_o which_o be_v acquire_v but_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v consider_v that_o all_o my_o design_n be_v to_o show_v that_o beast_n reason_n and_o that_o what_o be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o instinct_n aught_o to_o be_v but_o a_o incident_a to_o the_o question_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v begin_v from_o thence_o i_o shall_v have_v place_v the_o accessary_a before_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o objection_n before_o the_o conclusion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n have_v not_o this_o consideration_n oblige_v i_o to_o follow_v this_o method_n can_v he_o not_o have_v remember_v that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o which_o begin_v by_o those_o thing_n which_o in_o themselves_o and_o natural_o be_v most_o evident_a the_o other_o which_o begin_v by_o those_o which_o in_o respect_n of_o we_o and_o by_o the_o sense_n be_v most_o evident_a that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v good_a but_o that_o the_o latter_a have_v this_o advantage_n that_o it_o be_v more_o conformable_a to_o our_o ordinary_a way_n of_o know_v which_o begin_v always_o by_o sensible_a thing_n so_o although_o without_o a_o fault_n i_o may_v have_v first_o speak_v of_o natural_a knowledge_n which_o be_v first_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n and_o consequent_o more_o evident_a in_o themselves_o then_o those_o which_o be_v acquire_v still_o methinks_v it_o be_v better_a to_o begin_v by_o those_o which_o be_v acquire_v which_o be_v most_o sensible_a and_o therefore_o in_o our_o own_o respect_n the_o first_o and_o most_o evident_a in_o effect_n since_o i_o be_v to_o show_v that_o instinct_n suppose_v a_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o that_o before_o that_o i_o be_v to_o seek_v wherein_o knowledge_n in_o general_n consist_v can_v i_o have_v arrive_v by_o any_o sure_a way_n than_o by_o certain_a and_o indubitable_a experiment_n which_o we_o have_v through_o acquire_v knowledge_n especial_o have_v none_o through_o the_o natural_a let_v we_o trifle_v no_o long_o therefore_o neither_o he_o nor_o i_o on_o the_o general_a order_n we_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o work_n i_o think_v that_o his_o be_v not_o ill_a in_o that_o particular_a and_o that_o i_o be_v necessary_a for_o my_o design_n neither_o will_v i_o change_v it_o here_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o subject_n the_o same_o number_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o same_o sequel_n of_o consequence_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n it_o be_v that_o there_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v a_o rhetorical_a discourse_n and_o here_o i_o treat_v of_o thing_n in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o the_o school_n who_o divide_v the_o matter_n by_o chapter_n which_o relate_v the_o reason_n and_o which_o do_v not_o seeek_v that_o exact_a concatenation_n of_o word_n which_o the_o law_n of_o oratory_n require_v for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o abridgement_n of_o all_o what_o i_o employ_v in_o my_o first_o treatise_n and_o afterward_o faithful_o to_o produce_v the_o objection_n of_o m._n c._n without_o trouble_v the_o reader_n to_o seek_v elsewhere_o to_o clear_v himself_o concern_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o contest_v i_o therefore_o divide_v my_o discourse_n into_o four_o part_n in_o the_o first_o i_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n to_o know_v thing_n aught_o to_o form_v the_o image_n thereof_o in_o the_o second_o that_o the_o imagination_n may_v unite_v those_o image_n it_o have_v form_v and_o consequent_o make_v proposition_n in_o the_o three_o that_o it_o may_v unite_v several_a proposition_n and_o bound_v they_o together_o with_o common_a term_n wherein_o ratiocination_n consist_v the_o four_o contain_v the_o answer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o those_o objection_n which_o be_v common_o propose_v against_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o m.c._n will_v not_o follow_v this_o order_n i_o have_v be_v constrain_v to_o recollect_v the_o reason_n he_o have_v scatter_v here_o and_o there_o and_o to_o reduce_v under_o every_o of_o these_o part_n where_o i_o have_v examine_v they_o with_o all_o possible_a moderation_n for_o although_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v some_o touch_n of_o censure_n and_o raillery_n which_o he_o may_v resent_v i_o believe_v he_o will_v consider_v that_o beside_o that_o most_o common_o i_o do_v but_o defend_v myself_o with_o the_o same_o arm_n with_o which_o he_o have_v assault_v i_o the_o critical_a part_n be_v in_o itself_o so_o severe_a and_o so_o crabbed_a that_o if_o some_o divertisement_n be_v not_o insinuate_v it_o will_v become_v loathsome_a both_o to_o the_o author_n and_o to_o the_o reader_n and_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o say_v so_o it_o be_v a_o food_n which_o easy_o disgu_v unless_o it_o have_v some_o relish_n and_o some_o sharpness_n but_o i_o have_v not_o only_o seek_v for_o he_o this_o season_n in_o the_o civility_n of_o my_o censure_n and_o in_o the_o innocency_n of_o my_o raillery_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o slip_v in_o several_a question_n which_o by_o their_o novelty_n may_v divert_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o untire_a he_o from_o the_o trouble_n which_o our_o contest_v may_v have_v give_v he_o for_o without_o doubt_n he_o will_v take_v pleasure_n to_o know_v 1._o whether_o external_a image_n enter_v into_o the_o memory_n 2._o what_o the_o word_n est_fw-la be_v signify_v in_o proposition_n 3._o how_o the_o imagination_n may_v make_v negative_a proposition_n 4._o whether_o if_o a_o material_a power_n such_o as_o the_o imagination_n be_v can_v form_v universal_a notion_n 5._o whether_o beast_n doubt_v 6._o whether_o they_o hope_v and_o whether_o they_o fear_v 7._o how_o they_o know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v 8._o whether_o they_o know_v the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n they_o use_v to_o attain_v it_o 9_o what_o action_n the_o soul_n perform_v in_o reason_v 10._o whether_o one_o may_v reason_v in_o a_o instant_n 11._o whether_o reason_v be_v give_v only_o to_o clear_v doubtful_a thing_n 12._o what_o the_o nature_n of_o speech_n be_v and_o of_o such_o like_a which_o i_o have_v insinuate_v into_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o m._n c._n may_v if_o he_o please_v exercise_v himself_o but_o whereof_o he_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v from_o i_o any_o reply_n for_o if_o he_o produce_v better_a reason_n than_o i_o i_o from_o this_o very_a time_n consent_n unto_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v as_o weak_a as_o those_o which_o he_o have_v already_o bring_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o continue_v in_o my_o opinion_n and_o to_o apply_v myself_o to_o better_a thing_n then_o to_o prolong_v a_o process_n where_o all_o the_o profit_n rather_o accrue_v to_o he_o who_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o he_o gain_v both_o the_o time_n and_o the_o truth_n let_v we_o quick_o dispatch_v this_o therefore_o and_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o part._n but_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o reader_n shall_v be_v advertise_v that_o the_o word_n of_o imagination_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_a in_o this_o work_n may_v not_o be_v here_o take_v for_o a_o distinct_a faculty_n of_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o the_o fancy_n and_o of_o the_o estimative_a as_o they_o do_v common_o in_o the_o school_n but_o for_o a_o general_a faculty_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n which_o serve_v for_o knowledge_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o word_n understanding_n comprehend_v all_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o intellectual_a soul_n which_o make_v thing_n to_o be_v know_v such_o as_o be_v the_o apprehensive_a the_o cogitative_a the_o discursive_a the_o agent_n and_o patient_a intellect_n etc._n etc._n in_o effect_v all_o these_o different_a faculty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n have_v in_o common_a among_o they_o that_o they_o know_v and_o consequent_o there_o be_v a_o general_a faculty_n which_o know_v which_o be_v afterward_o divide_v into_o as_o many_o piece_n as_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n now_o this_o general_a faculty_n have_v no_o particular_a name_n may_v by_o the_o example_n of_o divers_a other_o gender_n take_v the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o those_o species_n and_o principal_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o most_o
the_o imagination_n confound_v they_o and_o conceive_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o if_o they_o come_v afterward_o to_o distinguish_v they_o it_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o reason_n which_o separate_v what_o the_o imagination_n have_v confound_v but_o m._n c._n can_v comprehend_v that_o reason_n separate_v what_o the_o imagination_n have_v confound_v for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o imagination_n form_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o different_a substance_n from_o that_o of_o the_o accident_n it_o must_v distinguish_v they_o and_o i_o can_v also_o apprehend_v why_o he_o bring_v a_o proposition_n for_o a_o proof_n which_o be_v contrary_a both_o to_o his_o sense_n and_o to_o i_o for_o he_o believe_v not_o that_o the_o imagination_n can_v form_v a_o idea_n of_o substance_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o accident_n unless_o he_o will_v destroy_v all_o what_o he_o have_v propose_v and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o have_v have_v this_o thought_n that_o i_o ever_o say_v that_o the_o imagination_n represent_v the_o accident_n and_o the_o substance_n confuse_o and_o therefore_o without_o any_o distinction_n i_o confess_v that_o this_o representation_n be_v make_v on_o the_o model_n of_o the_o sensible_a species_n which_o represent_v but_o the_o accident_n only_o but_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n make_v none_o of_o this_o distinction_n because_o it_o can_v make_v it_o without_o know_v and_o that_o it_o can_v know_v without_o form_v its_o phantasm_n now_o the_o phantasm_n ought_v necessary_o to_o represent_v the_o accident_n in_o concrete_a that_o be_v to_o say_v with_o the_o substance_n as_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v and_o that_o therefore_o it_o can_v distinguish_v the_o substance_n from_o the_o accident_n for_o the_o rest_n the_o more_o easy_o to_o conceive_v this_o manner_n of_o operate_a from_o which_o the_o imagination_n can_v dispense_v itself_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o art_n of_o cast_v of_o statue_n for_o although_o the_o mould_n in_o which_o they_o be_v make_v be_v hollow_a and_o that_o it_o can_v only_o give_v that_o figure_n which_o be_v imprint_v on_o it_o nevertheless_o the_o statue_n forbear_v not_o to_o come_v out_o massy_a and_o on_o a_o empty_a pattern_n which_o have_v but_o the_o superficies_n the_o founder_n make_v a_o solid_a and_o flat_a work_n the_o imagination_n do_v the_o same_o since_o the_o sensible_a species_n which_o bear_v the_o image_n of_o the_o accident_n only_o it_o so_o form_n its_o phantasm_n that_o with_o those_o accident_n it_o comprehend_v the_o main_a and_o body_n it_o sustain_v to_o return_v to_o m_o c._n the_o hypothesis_n whereupon_o he_o ground_n his_o conclusion_n be_v imaginary_a and_o he_o can_v save_v himself_o from_o the_o reproach_n which_o may_v be_v lay_v to_o he_o to_o have_v impose_v on_o i_o thing_n i_o never_o say_v or_o to_o have_v form_v to_o himself_o chimera_n to_o fight_v withal_o in_o pursuit_n he_o demand_v how_o according_a to_o my_o principle_n the_o understanding_n can_v make_v this_o distinction_n since_o the_o phantasm_n represent_v not_o the_o ground_n thereof_o and_o that_o after_o have_v separate_v what_o be_v confound_v nothing_o remain_v to_o make_v he_o know_v the_o distinction_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o i_o to_o answer_v he_o that_o the_o phantasm_n represent_v to_o the_o understanding_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o distinction_n since_o it_o represent_v two_o confuse_a thing_n which_o may_v be_v separate_a and_o that_o after_o it_o have_v separate_v what_o be_v confuse_v the_o separate_a thing_n which_o remain_v make_v it_o know_v the_o distinction_n for_o the_o separation_n do_v not_o real_o differ_v from_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v separate_v no_o more_o than_o the_o motion_n from_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v move_v but_o to_o cut_v off_o these_o vain_a subtlety_n which_o be_v destroy_v by_o themselves_o if_o we_o will_v have_v the_o term_n they_o be_v conceive_v by_o we_o in_o one_o word_n say_v that_o this_o distinction_n be_v rank_a of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o understanding_n without_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o phantasm_n for_o whether_o it_o be_v prove_v for_o the_o action_n itself_o it_o do_v or_o for_o a_o general_a notion_n it_o form_n on_o that_o action_n it_o be_v certain_a it_o can_v have_v no_o direct_a knowledge_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o must_v reflect_v and_o reply_v on_o itself_o to_o know_v it_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a observation_n which_o m._n c._n have_v make_v against_o the_o first_o part_n of_o my_o work_n part._n observation_n on_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o first_o part._n and_o which_o he_o have_v place_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o book_n to_o crown_v his_o labour_n and_o only_o that_o he_o may_v have_v cause_n to_o tell_v i_o that_o he_o have_v examine_v all_o my_o reason_n but_o although_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o his_o work_n direct_o opposite_a to_o i_o have_v even_o seek_v to_o finish_v where_o he_o begin_v the_o whole_a be_v to_o know_v whether_o he_o have_v succeed_v well_o or_o no_o and_o whether_o he_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o his_o sixteenth_o chapter_n shall_v dispense_v he_o from_o stop_v at_o those_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v here_o treat_v for_o nigh_o own_o part_n after_o have_v see_v the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n which_o promise_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o animal_n i_o think_v in_o some_o place_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v explicate_v what_o knowledge_n be_v and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o since_o he_o will_v not_o have_v they_o make_v proposition_n nor_o discourse_n that_o at_o least_o he_o will_v satisfy_v these_o premise_n which_o oblige_v he_o to_o show_v how_o they_o know_v thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v how_o how_o that_o simple_a conception_n be_v make_v which_o he_o and_o all_o the_o world_n allow_v they_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o one_o word_n of_o all_o that_o in_o his_o whole_a work_n and_o that_o sixteenth_o chapter_n which_o shall_v have_v dispense_v he_o from_o examine_v what_o i_o have_v say_v thereupon_o speak_v of_o nothing_o less_o than_o of_o that_o first_o knowledge_n and_o treat_v only_o of_o ratiocination_n we_o must_v needs_o afterward_o say_v that_o passion_n have_v altogether_o blind_v he_o and_o take_v from_o he_o the_o sight_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o ought_v most_o careful_o to_o have_v examine_v for_o this_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o what_o both_o of_o we_o have_v to_o say_v since_o both_o of_o we_o have_v a_o design_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n and_o if_o i_o have_v well_o prove_v that_o they_o know_v thing_n by_o form_v of_o their_o image_n i_o have_v a_o great_a prejudge_v to_o conclude_v that_o they_o may_v both_o judge_v and_o reason_n since_o judgement_n and_o discourse_n be_v make_v by_o the_o union_n of_o image_n which_o be_v not_o so_o difficult_a to_o make_v as_o their_o production_n and_o if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o first_o knowledge_n be_v not_o form_v after_o that_o manner_n he_o without_o doubt_n have_v much_o shake_v all_o the_o body_n of_o his_o proof_n and_o he_o will_v have_v vaunt_a to_o have_v overthrow_v one_o of_o the_o strong_a arch_n battery_n of_o my_o work_n however_o it_o be_v if_o he_o have_v have_v the_o true_a spirit_n of_o philosophy_n instead_o of_o seek_v that_o little_a vanity_n which_o he_o have_v of_o say_v that_o there_o be_v none_o of_o my_o reason_n which_o he_o have_v not_o examine_v and_o to_o speak_v in_o his_o sense_n which_o he_o have_v not_o justle_v and_o combat_v be_v shall_v have_v help_v i_o exact_o to_o have_v acknowledge_v those_o truth_n of_o which_o i_o have_v make_v the_o first_o discovery_n he_o shall_v in_o earnest_n have_v approve_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v conformable_a to_o reason_n and_o have_v add_v afterward_o his_o own_o light_n which_o may_v have_v make_v i_o see_v what_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v final_o he_o shall_v with_o some_o restraint_n have_v come_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o my_o proposition_n which_o be_v so_o glorious_a to_o the_o sovereign_a matter_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o be_v more_o capable_a of_o put_v into_o spirit_n the_o admiration_n of_o his_o bounty_n and_o of_o his_o magnificence_n then_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n for_o if_o the_o soul_n can_v produce_v the_o image_n of_o thing_n and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o know_v they_o but_o that_o who_o will_v not_o admire_v the_o wonderful_a fecundity_n which_o god_n have_v give_v it_o since_o as_o many_o time_n as_o it_o know_v as_o many_o time_n at_o it_o remember_v the_o thing_n it_o have_v know_v it_o must_v as_o many_o time_n produce_v those_o image_n and_o consequent_o make_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o without_o be_v
in_o dream_n and_o sickness_n the_o imagination_n assemble_v phantasm_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o order_n to_o assemble_v they_o she_o first_o of_o all_o must_v separate_v those_o with_o which_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a tie_n yet_o will_v not_o m.c._n consent_v to_o this_o truth_n as_o clear_v and_o evident_a as_o it_o be_v and_o he_o say_v that_o to_o persuade_v he_o i_o must_v employ_v reason_n like_o those_o i_o use_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v the_o substance_n of_o object_n i_o be_o very_o glad_a that_o m.c._n who_o be_v so_o serious_a will_v sport_v himself_o here_o he_o must_v also_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o say_v that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o more_o modest_o than_o he_o have_v do_v for_o in_o stead_n of_o play_v upon_o i_o he_o offend_v i_o and_o instead_o of_o use_v raillery_n he_o wrong_v i_o be_v i_o to_o revenge_v myself_o i_o shall_v only_o answer_v that_o since_o he_o do_v not_o apprehend_v the_o reason_n he_o speak_v of_o it_o have_v be_v useless_a for_o i_o to_o have_v produce_v the_o like_a but_o as_o there_o be_v a_o great_a appearance_n that_o he_o will_v be_v now_o better_o instruct_v than_o he_o be_v then_o and_o that_o the_o confusion_n he_o will_v be_v in_o to_o have_v use_v i_o so_o unworthy_o be_v revenge_n enough_o for_o i_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o assure_v he_o that_o i_o have_v not_o only_o take_v the_o leisure_n but_o also_o care_v to_o examine_v the_o reason_n he_o condemn_v and_o that_o other_o as_o judicious_a as_o himself_o have_v approve_v they_o and_o that_o for_o his_o reputation_n it_o have_v be_v to_o have_v be_v wish_v that_o he_o himself_o have_v not_o have_v the_o leisure_n to_o have_v examine_v they_o for_o have_v he_o be_v content_v with_o what_o he_o have_v say_v here_o he_o can_v have_v make_v those_o believe_v which_o have_v net_n the_o commodity_n of_o read_v they_o that_o they_o be_v as_o strange_a as_o he_o imagine_v they_o but_o the_o passion_n he_o have_v to_o leave_v nothing_o uncontradict_v by_o which_o he_o have_v finish_v his_o work_n have_v in_o the_o addition_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o understand_v they_o not_o and_o i_o be_o confident_a that_o this_o happen_v through_o his_o fault_n and_o none_o of_o i_o after_o all_o this_o can_v i_o not_o have_v show_v that_o the_o imagination_n make_v negative_a proposition_n it_o be_v indifferent_a for_o the_o design_n i_o have_v to_o prove_v that_o animal_n reason_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o she_o make_v affirmative_n to_o infer_v what_o i_o pretend_v as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o pursuit_n i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o first_o discourse_n that_o i_o build_v no_o foundation_n on_o the_o proof_n which_o i_o may_v draw_v from_o negative_a proposition_n speak_v thereof_o but_o by_o the_o way_n and_o with_o that_o briefness_n which_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o those_o thing_n require_v which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o those_o of_o which_o have_v be_v ample_o treat_v so_o that_o without_o forsake_v the_o opinion_n i_o have_v of_o these_o proposition_n i_o shall_v grant_v m.c._n that_o i_o have_v not_o well_o establish_v they_o so_o as_o he_o will_v confess_v that_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o destroy_v they_o and_o shall_v he_o have_v succeed_v that_o it_o will_v nothing_o prejudice_v the_o right_n which_o i_o defend_v how_o beast_n judge_v of_o thing_n but_o let_v we_o conclude_v this_o troublesome_a discourse_n by_o the_o address_n which_o he_o use_v to_o show_v that_o beast_n judge_v not_o whether_o thing_n be_v good_a or_o ill_a unto_o they_o for_o he_o will_v have_v it_o pass_v for_o a_o authentic_a proof_n p._n 143._o the_o sense_n of_o most_o part_n of_o philosopher_n who_o believe_v they_o judge_v of_o nothing_o and_o that_o they_o know_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v good_a for_o they_o by_o simple_a conception_n without_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v good_a and_o indeed_o if_o he_o can_v oblige_v i_o to_o admit_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o a_o dispute_n those_o who_o be_v my_o adversary_n he_o will_v have_v find_v a_o good_a expedient_a to_o have_v gain_v his_o cause_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n and_o that_o the_o school_n teach_v that_o the_o imagination_n be_v not_o say_v to_o compose_v but_o in_o that_o it_o consider_v two_o image_n at_o once_o as_o he_o say_v but_o these_o be_v judge_n or_o interest_v witness_n which_o i_o refuse_v in_o this_o cause_n be_v it_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o authority_n m._n c's_o will_v alone_o of_o itself_o have_v as_o much_o power_n over_o i_o as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n which_o he_o quote_v and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o produce_v reason_n i_o shall_v as_o willing_o follow_v his_o opinion_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o school_n but_o here_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o beast_n judge_v of_o nothing_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o some_o reason_n which_o at_o lest_o must_v be_v probable_a and_o must_v not_o subject_v we_o to_o the_o tyranny_n of_o these_o philosopher_n who_o have_v no_o other_o motive_n to_o believe_v thing_n but_o that_o their_o master_n say_v it_o but_o m._n c._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v from_o his_o bare_a word_n that_o beast_n judge_v not_o of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o appetite_n but_o as_o the_o external_n sense_n judge_n that_o a_o odour_n be_v good_a or_o ill_a that_o fire_n burn_v that_o honey_n be_v sweet_a and_o wormwood_n bitter_a without_o its_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v those_o thing_n for_o the_o tongue_n to_o say_v this_o be_v sweet_a and_o this_o be_v bitter_a first_o he_o confound_v those_o knowledge_n which_o be_v altogether_o different_a for_o the_o sense_n know_v after_o another_o manner_n that_o honey_n be_v sweet_a and_o wormwood_n bitter_a than_o they_o do_v that_o fire_n burn_v and_o that_o a_o smell_n do_v good_a or_o ill_n and_o i_o shall_v always_o grant_v that_o beast_n judge_v not_o of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o appetite_n but_o as_o the_o sense_n know_v that_o fire_n burn_v or_o that_o a_o odour_n be_v ill_a but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o shall_v deny_v that_o they_o judge_v of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o appetite_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o taste_n judge_v of_o the_o sweetness_n of_o honey_n and_o bitterness_n of_o wormwood_n for_o the_o sense_n may_v by_o a_o simple_a conception_n judge_v of_o the_o sweetness_n of_o honey_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a object_n of_o the_o taste_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a that_o the_o imagination_n shall_v make_v a_o progress_n from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o but_o when_o it_o judge_v that_o the_o fire_n burn_v it_o pass_v not_o only_o from_o the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n but_o it_o add_v also_o one_o image_n which_o be_v not_o sensible_a to_o one_o which_o be_v by_o judge_v that_o burn_a be_v evil_a which_o be_v a_o image_n which_o the_o sense_n furnish_v it_o not_o withal_o since_o to_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a useful_a or_o useless_a be_v such_o thing_n which_o know_v per_fw-la species_n non_fw-la sensatas_fw-la as_o the_o school_n say_v and_o which_o require_v beside_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o of_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n but_o i_o say_v yet_o more_o to_o make_v this_o judgement_n reason_n be_v often_o employ_v therein_o for_o when_o a_o animal_n see_v the_o fire_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v burn_v by_o it_o he_o must_v have_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n to_o burn_v and_o remember_v the_o evil_n which_o former_o it_o have_v do_v unto_o he_o and_o consequent_o he_o must_v unite_v the_o image_n of_o the_o burn_a and_o the_o ill_a which_o he_o receive_v thereby_o with_o that_o of_o the_o present_a object_n and_o that_o of_o the_o ill_a which_o he_o apprehend_v therefrom_o which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o discourse_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o beside_o what_o need_n have_v he_o to_o add_v that_o to_o know_v thing_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o tongue_n to_o say_v this_o be_v sweet_a and_o this_o be_v bitter_a do_v he_o believe_v proposition_n may_v not_o be_v make_v without_o speak_v and_o that_o the_o judgement_n which_o the_o soul_n make_v in_o itself_o without_o express_v it_o by_o language_n be_v not_o true_a judgement_n if_o that_o be_v so_o dumb_a person_n will_v be_v more_o unhappy_a than_o we_o think_v they_o to_o be_v since_o they_o shall_v not_o only_o have_v lose_v their_o speech_n but_o even_o their_o judgement_n and_o their_o reason_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v not_o the_o tongue_n which_o make_v proposition_n it_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o
of_o they_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o know_v they_o in_o a_o moment_n they_o also_o in_o a_o moment_n must_v form_v the_o image_n of_o they_o but_o this_o appear_v not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n of_o the_o soul_n we_o will_v experiment_n it_o in_o the_o proposition_n and_o in_o those_o design_n which_o it_o form_n in_o a_o instant_n and_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o dream_n sufficient_o declare_v that_o it_o need_v not_o time_n to_o unite_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v different_a and_o which_o have_v no_o other_o natural_a connexion_n the_o one_o with_o other_o so_o that_o all_o the_o doubt_n which_o may_v arise_v from_o hence_o seem_v to_o fall_v on_o the_o union_n of_o several_a proposition_n and_o chief_o when_o they_o compose_v a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n but_o whosoever_o will_v but_o consult_v with_o himself_o and_o mind_n but_o his_o own_o tbought_n he_o will_v easy_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o thing_n which_o follow_v one_o another_o with_o that_o swiftness_n and_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o succession_n among_o they_o it_o be_v a_o succession_n of_o order_n or_o of_o nature_n and_o not_o of_o time_n and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o trust_v to_o his_o own_o judgement_n anim_fw-la 2._o poster_n 1_o de_fw-la motu_fw-la anim_fw-la and_o that_o he_o will_v know_v what_o aristotle_n be_v and_o he_o shall_v learn_v from_o he_o that_o the_o minor_a and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o syllogism_n be_v know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n since_o to_o know_v and_o to_o make_v a_o proposition_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o at_o least_o two_o proposition_n which_o have_v connexion_n together_o may_v be_v find_v in_o one_o moment_n now_o if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o the_o school_n assure_v we_o it_o be_v a_o great_a likelihood_n that_o the_o two_o first_o proposition_n of_o a_o syllogism_n may_v be_v know_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n since_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o minor_a and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n more_o than_o the_o major_a and_o the_o minor_a thus_o we_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o the_o whole_a syllogism_n may_v be_v make_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o without_o make_v use_n of_o the_o force_n of_o authority_n that_o of_o the_o follow_a reason_n may_v disannul_v all_o doubt_n and_o entire_o decide_v the_o question_n those_o who_o exercise_n themselves_o to_o discourse_n on_o any_o subject_n find_v so_o great_a a_o facility_n in_o it_o that_o in_o a_o moment_n they_o see_v all_o the_o consequence_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o and_o as_o they_o say_v know_v the_o conclusion_n in_o the_o principle_n in_o these_o encounter_v they_o of_o necessity_n must_v reason_v otherwise_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o through_o the_o strength_n of_o reason_v they_o shall_v cease_v to_o reason_n and_o then_o the_o habit_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v of_o it_o ju_v to_o perfect_a their_o ratiocination_n shall_v whole_o destroy_v it_o which_o will_v be_v a_o very_a strange_a thing_n and_o very_o singular_a since_o all_o other_o habit_n do_v not_o change_v the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o their_o action_n and_o tend_v only_a to_o render_v they_o more_o perfect_a and_o more_o accomplish_a now_o it_o will_v neither_o be_v to_o leave_v ratiocination_n in_o its_o nature_n nor_o to_o render_v it_o more_o accomplish_v to_o take_v it_o quite_o away_o as_o it_o will_v undoubted_o happen_v if_o it_o change_v to_o another_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n incompatible_a with_o itself_o that_o the_o understanding_n suppose_v ratiocination_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o the_o understanding_n which_o be_v acquire_v in_o pursuit_n be_v a_o high_a and_o more_o noble_a action_n then_o that_o of_o reason_v and_o that_o for_o that_o cause_n the_o angel_n reason_v not_o have_v no_o other_o knowledge_n than_o understanding_n as_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o most_o comformable_a to_o their_o nature_n for_o from_o thence_o it_o can_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o understanding_n be_v not_o a_o true_a ratiocination_n but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v more_o exquisite_a and_o that_o it_o have_v not_o those_o defect_n which_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o we_o of_o a_o truth_n the_o time_n which_o we_o employ_v to_o form_v they_o be_v no_o essential_a thing_n it_o be_v a_o imperfection_n which_o happen_v to_o they_o from_o the_o weight_n and_o weakness_n of_o our_o spirit_n which_o hinder_v it_o from_o be_v able_a at_o once_o to_o penetrate_v the_o nature_n of_o some_o thing_n and_o at_o one_o view_n to_o see_v the_o several_a relation_n they_o have_v among_o themselves_o but_o as_o by_o exercise_n and_o habit_n these_o defect_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v so_o this_o imperfection_n be_v to_o be_v take_v away_o from_o raticionation_n and_o they_o may_v be_v find_v with_o that_o swiftness_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o antecedent_n and_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o it_o to_o come_v back_o to_o the_o understanding_n although_o it_o be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_n it_o change_v neither_o the_o order_n nor_o the_o connexion_n which_o thing_n have_v among_o themselves_o forasmuch_o as_o she_o make_v know_v the_o first_o as_o first_o the_o second_o as_o second_o and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n according_a to_o the_o natural_a order_n they_o observe_v now_o this_o necessary_o carry_v the_o disposition_n and_o the_o knit_n together_o which_o be_v in_o the_o syllogism_n forasmuch_o as_o if_o we_o know_v the_o connextion_n which_o the_o first_o have_v with_o the_o second_o and_o that_o which_o the_o second_o have_v with_o the_o three_o we_o must_v at_o last_o of_o necessity_n come_v to_o know_v the_o connexion_n which_o the_o first_o have_v with_o the_o three_o since_o its_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o precedent_n and_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v ever_o posterior_n to_o its_o cause_n in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n 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concourse_n of_o different_a object_n and_o in_o the_o several_a return_v which_o their_o understanding_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v on_o they_o but_o they_o must_v incessant_o reason_n it_o seem_v even_o that_o this_o wonderful_a disposition_n which_o god_n have_v put_v through_o all_o the_o universe_n require_v that_o since_o those_o thing_n which_o hold_v the_o last_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n can_v never_o know_v their_o object_n but_o by_o simple_a and_o primary_n notion_n those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o supreme_a degree_n and_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a of_o all_o ought_v never_o to_o know_v they_o but_o by_o discourse_n i_o know_v well_o that_o in_o the_o school_n there_o be_v those_o which_o say_v that_o angel_n have_v no_o simple_a conception_n and_o apprehension_n and_o that_o they_o know_v thing_n by_o make_v affirmation_n and_o negation_n by_o a_o simple_a judgement_n which_o they_o call_v by_o intelligence_n
have_v find_v they_o all_o like_o those_o of_o beast_n he_o conclude_v very_o strong_o that_o in_o his_o opinion_n that_o since_o his_o appetite_n do_v thing_n without_o reason_n and_o often_o against_o reason_n that_o of_o beast_n ought_v to_o work_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n i_o be_o ravish_v that_o after_o have_v so_o often_o show_v that_o m.c._n reason_v not_o where_o he_o think_v he_o reason_n well_o he_o give_v i_o occasion_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o reason_n well_o where_o he_o think_v not_o that_o he_o reason_n and_o be_v there_o wherein_o i_o shall_v the_o more_o easy_o take_v the_o liberey_n to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o deceive_v himself_o and_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o action_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v without_o reason_n be_v make_v with_o a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n but_o he_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o ratiocination_n be_v of_o his_o imagination_n and_o not_o of_o understanding_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o these_o action_n which_o he_o find_v in_o himself_o and_o in_o all_o the_o example_n he_o bring_v of_o those_o who_o be_v gowry_n or_o paralytical_a the_o imagination_n always_o reason_n after_o its_o own_o manner_n and_o form_n its_o ordinary_a discourse_n before_o the_o appetite_n be_v move_v so_o that_o we_o may_v employ_v for_o he_o and_o against_o he_o the_o reason_n he_o object_n against_o we_o and_o say_v that_o since_o bis_fw-la appetite_n which_o be_v like_a that_o of_o beast_n operate_v but_o in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o imagination_n reason_v it_o must_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o appetite_n of_o beast_n and_o by_o a_o inversion_n of_o the_o same_o proof_n since_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o imagination_n of_o beast_n reason_n before_o the_o appetite_n be_v move_v it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o his_o reason_n also_o before_o his_o appetite_n move_v itself_o to_o any_o thing_n let_v he_o not_o wonder_v at_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n he_o employ_v therein_o he_o need_v none_o at_o all_o and_o if_o he_o will_v consider_v what_o we_o have_v before_o say_v he_o will_v know_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v far_o more_o ready_a and_o move_v far_o more_o nimble_o than_o he_o think_v and_o afterward_o without_o doubt_n he_o will_v see_v that_o he_o use_v precipitation_n when_o he_o object_v against_o we_o that_o reason_n oppose_v itself_o to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n that_o this_o undertake_v thing_n which_o reason_n will_v not_o undertake_v and_o that_o beast_n must_v be_v more_o reasonable_a than_o man_n and_o their_o appetite_n must_v be_v whole_o subject_v to_o reason_n if_o they_o expect_v the_o judgement_n and_o the_o resolution_n from_o thence_o before_o they_o move_v themselves_o to_o any_o thing_n certain_o before_o all_o these_o reason_n be_v produce_v he_o ought_v mature_o to_o have_v examine_v whether_o they_o can_v serve_v to_o his_o cause_n for_o my_o part_n who_o judge_v they_o useless_a i_o willing_o grant_v they_o without_o any_o prejudice_n to_o i_o since_o the_o word_n reason_n which_o he_o use_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v but_o of_o humane_a and_o intellectual_a reason_n and_o not_o of_o the_o imagination_n wherein_o all_o our_o difference_n consist_v but_o it_o be_v to_o press_v a_o man_n too_o far_o who_o no_o long_o defend_v himself_o let_v we_o seek_v enemy_n elsewhere_o and_o go_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o first_o experience_n which_o we_o do_v produce_v to_o confirm_v our_o fundamental_a reason_n chap._n ii_o examination_n of_o the_o objection_n m._n c._n have_v make_v against_o the_o first_o of_o our_o experience_n it_o import_v that_o a_o dog_n which_o will_v take_v a_o thing_n hang_v up_o on_o high_a consist_v wherein_o reason_n consist_v whereto_o he_o can_v attain_v after_o have_v observe_v a_o elevate_a place_n whereby_o he_o may_v rise_v on_o another_o and_o from_o thence_o catch_v the_o thing_n he_o desire_v ought_v necessary_o assemble_v the_o phantasm_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v with_o that_o of_o the_o first_o step_n and_z and_z that_o with_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o latter_a with_o the_o thing_n he_o will_v have_v and_o that_o all_o this_o will_v be_v useless_a to_o he_o unless_o he_o reassembled_a the_o first_o notion_n which_o he_o have_v find_v with_o the_o last_o since_o its_o that_o which_o make_v he_o judge_v that_o the_o thing_n which_o he_o do_v believe_v impossible_a be_v no_o long_o so_o i_o have_v almost_o a_o mind_n to_o grant_v m._n c._n all_o that_o he_o here_o object_n against_o i_o for_o beside_o some_o few_o line_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o three_o great_a page_n which_o he_o employ_v to_o confute_v what_o i_o have_v say_v which_o stagger_v the_o opinion_n i_o hold_v and_o i_o even_o believe_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n he_o find_v therein_o can_v pass_v for_o new_a proof_n to_o confirm_v it_o in_o effect_v what_o absurdity_n be_v there_o that_o a_o man_n who_o see_v a_o ladder_n raise_v to_o get_v up_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o house_n conclude_v before_o he_o make_v use_v of_o it_o that_o otherwise_o he_o can_v get_v up_o why_o shall_v he_o not_o assemble_v the_o image_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v with_o that_o of_o the_o first_o step_n and_o that_o with_o the_o second_o and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o after_o have_v make_v as_o many_o proposition_n as_o there_o be_v step_n why_o shall_v he_o not_o join_v the_o first_o notion_n he_o have_v with_o the_o last_o to_o conclude_v that_o he_o may_v climb_v to_o the_o top_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o ladder_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o any_o absurdity_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o do_v for_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v deduce_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o work_n m._n c._n hereupon_o say_v that_o we_o every_o day_n go_v up_o and_o down_o without_o think_v on_o what_o we_o do_v our_o reason_n be_v then_o whole_o employ_v about_o other_o thing_n and_o that_o therefore_o we_o must_v not_o figure_v to_o ourselves_o that_o a_o dog_n reason_n when_o man_n who_o have_v a_o great_a facility_n of_o reason_v then_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n but_o he_o be_v not_o awares_o that_o he_o confound_v intellectual_a reason_n with_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n and_o consequent_o can_v from_o thence_o induce_v nothing_o against_o i_o i_o with_o he_o confess_v that_o our_o reason_n at_o that_o time_n think_v not_o on_o the_o action_n which_o we_o do_v but_o i_o deny_v that_o our_o imagination_n think_v not_o of_o it_o for_o neither_o sense_n nor_o appetite_n can_v operate_v without_o it_o and_o when_o we_o see_v the_o sequel_n of_o the_o degree_n and_o how_o we_o climb_v they_o one_o after_o another_o it_o must_v both_o conduct_v our_o eye_n and_o our_o step_n now_o i_o pretend_v that_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o reason_v but_o it_o be_v a_o reason_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o imagination_n wherein_o the_o understanding_n have_v no_o share_n for_o the_o rest_n i_o shall_v not_o stop_v at_o what_o be_v pursuit_n he_o say_v that_o the_o precipitation_n with_o which_o the_o dog_n work_v in_o this_o encounter_n be_v incompatible_a with_o so_o many_o proposition_n and_o with_o the_o deliberation_n which_o aristotle_n require_v in_o these_o kind_n of_o discourse_n for_o we_o have_v before_o show_v that_o all_o these_o proposition_n may_v be_v make_v in_o a_o moment_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v aristotle_n and_o that_o deliberation_n be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o these_o kind_n of_o discourse_n but_o i_o can_v suffer_v the_o consequence_n he_o draw_v from_o thence_o to_o part_v without_o a_o examen_fw-la that_o the_o mason_n shall_v make_v as_o many_o syllogism_n as_o there_o be_v step_n in_o the_o ladder_n do_v he_o assemble_v the_o image_n thereof_o as_o i_o have_v affirm_v because_o it_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o show_v what_o the_o action_n be_v by_o which_o the_o soul_n make_v the_o syllogism_n and_o to_o speak_v it_o in_o a_o word_n what_o the_o form_n and_o essence_n of_o ratiocination_n be_v of_o which_o philosophy_n have_v scarce_o speak_v and_o which_o m._n c._n seem_v to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o in_o effect_n if_o to_o assemble_v the_o image_n of_o the_o first_o step_n with_o that_o of_o the_o the_o second_o and_o that_o with_o that_o of_o the_o three_o we_o shall_v make_v a_o syllogism_n as_o m._n c._n suppose_v he_o must_v needs_o believe_v that_o a_o syllogism_n consist_v in_o the_o union_n of_o two_o proposition_n and_o that_o as_o many_o progress_v as_o a_o man_n can_v make_v from_o one_o proposition_n to_o another_o there_o shall_v be_v as_o many_o syllogism_n or_o else_o he_o must_v have_v vain_o propose_v
as_o a_o absurdity_n that_o the_o mason_n must_v make_v as_o many_o syllogism_n as_o there_o be_v step_n of_o the_o ladder_n wherein_o ratiocination_n consist_v and_o what_o the_o action_n be_v which_o the_o soul_n do_v in_o reason_v certain_o as_o two_o simple_a notion_n make_v not_o a_o proposition_n and_o pass_v but_o for_o the_o fiâ—st_a operation_n of_o the_o understanding_n which_o be_v redouble_v two_o proposition_n likewise_o make_v not_o a_o syllogism_n and_o can_v pass_v but_o for_o a_o second_o operation_n which_o be_v repeat_v and_o as_o many_o proposition_n as_o shall_v be_v add_v a_o fresh_a will_v be_v but_o so_o many_o repetition_n of_o the_o same_o operation_n and_o will_v never_o take_v the_o nature_n and_o the_o form_n of_o a_o syllogism_n if_o that_o which_o make_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o three_o operation_n with_o the_o second_o do_v not_o encounter_v now_o since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o syllogism_n which_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o collect_v together_o of_o several_a proposition_n but_o the_o term_n then_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o term_n be_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o essential_a difference_n of_o the_o syllogism_n and_o for_o the_o particular_a action_n which_o the_o soul_n make_v to_o discourse_v for_o since_o the_o simple_a term_n be_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o production_n of_o image_n wherein_o the_o first_o operation_n consist_v and_o that_o the_o word_n est_fw-fr design_n the_o union_n which_o the_o soul_n make_v of_o divers_a image_n wherein_o the_o judgement_n consist_v the_o word_n then_o must_v also_o mark_v some_o action_n different_a from_o the_o two_o other_o and_o wherein_o the_o form_n and_o essence_n of_o ratiocination_n be_v contain_v the_o question_n therefore_o be_v to_o know_v what_o that_o action_n be_v which_o be_v design_v by_o that_o term_n and_o present_o a_o man_n may_v imagine_v that_o its_o the_o illation_n and_o induction_n which_o the_o soul_n draw_v from_o precedent_a notion_n but_o beside_o that_o in_o all_o hypothetick_a and_o conditional_a proposition_n there_o be_v illation_n without_o discourse_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o ratiocination_n be_v whole_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o conclusion_n because_o that_o that_o alone_o contain_v all_o this_o illation_n some_o say_v that_o this_o word_n design_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o conjunction_n of_o term_n and_o that_o the_o three_o operation_n be_v different_a from_o the_o second_o but_o because_o it_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o conjunction_n of_o term_n which_o be_v not_o mark_v in_o the_o second_o it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o a_o man_n say_v man_n be_v visible_a it_o be_v not_o say_v why_o he_o be_v visible_a but_o when_o the_o word_n then_o be_v add_v we_o mark_v the_o cause_n why_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v visible_a to_o wit_n because_o he_o be_v reasonable_a although_o all_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v not_o therefore_o that_o wherein_o the_o precise_a and_o particular_a difference_n consist_v which_o we_o seek_v for_o the_o same_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o illation_n be_v herein_o to_o be_v encounter_v since_o conditional_a proposition_n as_o well_o mark_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o consequence_n and_o of_o the_o conjunction_n of_o term_n with_o the_o syllogism_n since_o that_o in_o say_v if_o man_n be_v reasonable_a he_o must_v be_v visible_a a_o man_n pretend_v to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v visible_a because_o he_o be_v reasonable_a now_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o one_o proposition_n have_v that_o of_o common_a with_o ratiocination_n to_o mark_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conjunction_n of_o term_n its_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v not_o therein_o wherein_o we_o ought_v to_o find_v the_o difference_n which_o distinguish_v ratiocination_n from_o the_o second_o operation_n of_o the_o understanding_n add_v that_o if_o the_o word_n then_o design_v the_o cause_n only_o it_o will_v not_o make_v a_o action_n as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v necessary_a unless_o they_o will_v have_v we_o say_v that_o he_o make_v the_o designation_n which_o the_o soul_n make_v itself_o of_o this_o cause_n but_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o so_o noble_a and_o so_o great_a a_o operation_n wherein_o discourse_n consist_v shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o so_o slight_a a_o thing_n as_o this_o last_o designation_n which_o will_v be_v to_o be_v find_v even_o in_o conditional_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v now_o show_v to_o discover_v then_o the_o force_n and_o sense_n of_o a_o word_n which_o how_o small_a soever_o it_o be_v comprehend_v all_o the_o extent_n of_o our_o reason_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o when_o the_o soul_n bind_v several_a proposition_n together_o it_o make_v a_o progress_n from_o one_o term_n to_o another_o and_o go_v always_o forward_o without_o return_v if_o we_o may_v so_o say_v on_o the_o same_o step_n and_o during_o its_o march_n it_o never_o make_v a_o syllogism_n have_v no_o occasion_n to_o employ_v the_o word_n then_o in_o effect_n let_v a_o man_n make_v a_o gradation_n of_o as_o many_o proposition_n as_o he_o please_v and_o for_o example_n sake_n let_v it_o be_v of_o these_o five_o as_o this_o be_v 1._o peter_n be_v a_o man_n 2._o man_n be_v a_o animal_n 3._o a_o animal_n be_v a_o body_n 4._o the_o body_n be_v a_o substance_n 5._o then_o peter_n be_v a_o substance_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o four_o first_o have_v not_o the_o form_n of_o a_o discourse_n because_o the_o soul_n go_v outright_o and_o pass_v direct_o from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o when_o it_o come_v to_o return_v on_o its_o first_o notion_n and_o that_o it_o unite_v it_o with_o the_o last_o than_o it_o make_v the_o five_o proposition_n wherein_o it_o employ_v the_o word_n then_o which_o will_v be_v useless_a in_o all_o the_o precedent_n and_o give_v to_o all_o the_o gradation_n the_o form_n of_o discourse_n the_o same_o thing_n make_v in_o all_o caregorick_a syllogism_n unless_o the_o understanding_n join_v as_o here_o it_o do_v the_o first_o with_o the_o last_o but_o sometime_o it_o join_v the_o three_o with_o the_o second_o or_o the_o second_o with_o the_o three_o as_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n sometime_o the_o three_o with_o the_o first_o as_o in_o the_o second_o figure_n sometime_o the_o four_o with_o the_o second_o as_o in_o the_o three_o figure_n for_o example_n in_o these_o two_o proposition_n man_n be_v reasonable_a peter_n be_v a_o man_n there_o be_v four_o notion_n and_o to_o draw_v a_o conclusion_n the_o understanding_n join_v peter_n which_o be_v the_o three_o notion_n with_o reasonable_a which_o be_v the_o second_o and_o conclude_v then_o peter_n be_v reasonable_a so_o in_o the_o three_o figure_n all_o man_n be_v reasonable_a some_o man_n be_v fool_n the_o understanding_n join_v fool_n which_o be_v the_o four_o notion_n with_o reasonable_a which_o be_v the_o second_o and_o conclude_v than_o some_o fool_n be_v reasonable_a and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n but_o however_o this_o collection_n be_v make_v it_o be_v always_o true_a that_o the_o soul_n make_v a_o return_n on_o its_o first_o notion_n and_o this_o return_n make_v not_o only_o the_o last_o proposition_n where_o the_o soul_n stop_v and_o repose_v itself_o but_o also_o it_o bind_v together_o the_o term_n which_o be_v scatter_v and_o divide_v in_o the_o precedent_n so_o that_o we_o may_v say_v the_o soul_n make_v a_o circle_n when_o she_o discourse_v and_o move_v conformable_o to_o her_o nature_n since_o the_o circular_a motion_n be_v most_o perfect_a of_o all_o and_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o most_o excellent_a thing_n this_o return_n therefore_o be_v the_o motion_n which_o proper_o make_v discourse_n and_o which_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o the_o other_o action_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o which_o the_o term_n then_o ought_v to_o design_n let_v it_o not_o be_v object_v against_o we_o that_o aristotle_n put_v not_o the_o conclusion_n for_o any_o part_n of_o the_o syllogism_n and_o then_o to_o this_o return_n which_o be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o that_o which_o form_n the_o discourse_n for_o aristotle_n consider_v the_o syllogism_n as_o a_o logician_n as_o the_o instrument_n whereby_o we_o attain_v knowledge_n in_o which_o case_n the_o conclusion_n be_v only_o the_o effect_n thereof_o and_o not_o as_o a_o physician_n as_o a_o operation_n of_o the_o soul_n distinct_a from_o the_o two_o other_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o it_o also_o in_o his_o physics_n he_o express_o say_v that_o the_o major_a and_o the_o minor_a serve_v for_o its_o matter_n and_o consequent_o the_o conclusion_n of_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o form_n and_o the_o principal_a part_n and_o certain_o as_o the_o return_n of_o the_o soul_n principal_o appear_v in_o the_o conclusion_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o have_v be_v call_v the_o form_n of_o the_o syllogism_n since_o the_o nature_n
a_o army_n to_o combat_v it_o and_o to_o afford_v it_o a_o whole_a chapter_n for_o the_o pitch_a field_n let_v we_o therefore_o a_o while_n observe_v these_o new_a enemy_n and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o see_v m.c._n send_v forth_o his_o forlorn-hope_a i_o call_v all_o that_o part_n so_o which_o he_o have_v say_v concern_v custom_n in_o the_o page_n 145_o and_o 146._o which_o nothing_o concern_v the_o question_n in_o debate_n and_o after_o several_a feign_v which_o he_o make_v to_o baffle_v what_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v concern_v the_o production_n and_o union_n of_o image_n at_o last_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assault_n and_o pretend_v to_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o thing_n past_a present_a and_o to_o come_v whereupon_o be_v ground_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o reason_n in_o effect_n he_o well_o foresee_v that_o if_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o object_n make_v some_o beast_n remember_v past_a thing_n and_o make_v they_o expect_v the_o like_a from_o thence_o to_o come_v he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o confess_v that_o they_o reason_n as_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o what_o he_o have_v say_v of_o fear_n p._n 155._o for_o which_o cause_n he_o bold_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v true_a and_o make_v all_o his_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v no_o difference_n of_o time_n but_o to_o what_o purpose_n serve_v all_o these_o reason_n if_o the_o experience_n we_o have_v produce_v convince_v they_o of_o error_n all_o the_o world_n know_v and_o all_o the_o world_n see_v that_o beast_n hope_v that_o they_o fear_v that_o they_o desire_v and_o consequent_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o they_o must_v know_v future_a thing_n since_o all_o these_o passion_n be_v move_v only_o by_o the_o good_a or_o ill_n which_o be_v to_o come_v now_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o labour_v to_o show_v that_o they_o can_v know_v no_o difference_n of_o time_n wherefore_o before_o we_o examine_v what_o he_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n we_o must_v see_v what_o he_o oppose_v to_o this_o experience_n and_o what_o address_n he_o use_v to_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o so_o ill_a a_o pass_n beast_n hope_v for_o thing_n to_o come_v first_o he_o accuse_v i_o not_o to_o speak_v wholesome_o when_o i_o say_v that_o beast_n hope_v because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v that_o to_o speak_v wholesome_o there_o be_v none_o but_o man_n do_v hope_n and_o that_o all_o other_o animal_n have_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o hope_n as_o well_o as_o of_o reason_n whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o since_o that_o time_n the_o action_n of_o beast_n have_v not_o change_v their_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o become_v a_o philosopher_n to_o make_v that_o pass_n for_o a_o truth_n which_o be_v so_o only_o in_o shadow_n and_o appearance_n certain_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v by_o this_o answer_n that_o m._n c._n be_v very_o much_o puzzle_v here_o and_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o destroy_v the_o hope_n of_o beast_n he_o will_v charge_v his_o fable_n upon_o the_o reader_n and_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o danger_n by_o make_v use_n of_o my_o word_n but_o without_o reproach_v he_o as_o he_o have_v do_v i_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o proceed_v be_v not_o become_v a_o man_n who_o seek_v the_o truth_n and_o that_o it_o smell_v more_o of_o the_o sophister_n then_o of_o the_o philosopher_n he_o will_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o say_v that_o what_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v on_o the_o same_o subject_n be_v not_o here_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o question_n in_o which_o happy_o i_o may_v have_v be_v deceive_v but_o to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a that_o beast_n hope_v for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o they_o must_v hope_v for_o the_o good_a to_o come_v and_o know_v future_a thing_n .._o be_v i_o he_o alone_o who_o hold_v this_o opinion_n perhaps_o the_o contradiction_n which_o m._n c._n observe_v in_o my_o word_n may_v render_v it_o suspicious_a but_o aristotle_n st_n thomas_n in_o a_o word_n all_o the_o school_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n and_o there_o be_v no_o philosopher_n of_o esteem_n who_o acknowledge_v not_o hope_n to_o be_v in_o beast_n &_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o future_a in_o hope_n even_o m_o c._n can_v but_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n 40._o 9_o hist_o 1._o 1._o 2._o q._n 40._o since_o he_o believe_v beast_n be_v capable_a of_o desire_n for_o hope_n be_v only_o different_a from_o desire_n by_o the_o difficulty_n we_o figure_v of_o obtain_v the_o good_a which_o we_o have_v not_o now_o beast_n may_v desire_v a_o good_a which_o they_o may_v judge_v difficult_a to_o obtain_v and_o consequent_o may_v hope_v for_o it_o m._n c._n must_v therefore_o confess_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o experience_n or_o prepare_v another_o answer_n then_o what_o he_o have_v produce_v since_o it_o satisfy_v not_o the_o common_a opinion_n which_o have_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o contradiction_n which_o he_o have_v find_v in_o my_o writing_n but_o shall_v m._n c._n possible_o have_v believe_v that_o true_a which_o i_o say_v in_o another_o place_n in_o the_o elegy_n of_o hope_n be_v contrary_a to_o what_o i_o here_o affirm_v do_v he_o not_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rhetorical_a discourse_n wherein_o we_o give_v more_o liberty_n to_o word_n and_o wherein_o term_n keep_v not_o to_o that_o severity_n which_o dogmatical_a discourse_n require_v but_o what_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o to_o speak_v sober_o true_a philosopher_n only_a reason_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o man_n have_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o ratiocination_n have_v he_o not_o make_v a_o proposition_n which_o in_o some_o sense_n be_v most_o true_a and_o will_v he_o not_o just_o have_v deride_v those_o who_o from_o thence_o will_v have_v induce_v that_o other_o man_n do_v not_o reason_n do_v he_o believe_v that_o when_o plato_n assert_n that_o all_o what_o be_v here_o below_o be_v but_o the_o shadow_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o their_o idea_n do_v he_o then_o belâ—eve_v there_o be_v nothing_o real_a or_o true_a they_o be_v way_n of_o speak_v which_o all_o language_n have_v use_v to_o observe_v how_o some_o thing_n be_v estrange_v from_o the_o perfection_n of_o other_o and_o it_o be_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o fair_a ornament_n and_o of_o their_o most_o splendent_a light_n to_o take_v away_o from_o they_o their_o shadow_n and_o their_o figure_n when_o i_o therefore_o affirm_v that_o man_n only_o do_v hope_n and_o that_o beast_n have_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o hope_n i_o mean_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o human_a hope_n be_v more_o noble_a and_o more_o elevate_v then_o that_o of_o beast_n and_o that_o in_o comparison_n of_o that_o the_o other_o be_v so_o base_a and_o imperfect_a that_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o hope_n and_o have_v only_o the_o appearance_n and_o figure_n of_o it_o but_o from_o thence_o to_o conclude_v that_o i_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o contradiction_n when_o i_o elsewhere_o say_v that_o they_o do_v hope_n he_o must_v either_o be_v a_o very_a ill_a frenchman_n or_o a_o very_a ill_a logician_n beast_n fear_v the_o evil_a to_o come_v for_o what_o concern_v fear_n there_o be_v no_o great_a difficulty_n as_o m_n c._n say_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o in_o effect_n be_v a_o ratiocination_n and_o a_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v not_o present_a to_o our_o sense_n but_o which_o we_o infer_v aught_o to_o happen_v unto_o we_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o beast_n but_o there_o be_v another_o which_o we_o call_v proper_o fear_v or_o fright_v of_o which_o all_o beast_n be_v capable_a and_o must_v not_o therefore_o know_v what_o be_v to_o come_v for_o we_o be_v fright_v with_o present_a object_n and_o even_o with_o those_o which_o be_v past_a so_o as_o the_o image_n be_v present_a i_o shall_v with_o m.c._n acknowledge_v then_o two_o sort_n of_o fear_n and_o i_o hope_v elsewhere_o to_o speak_v more_o full_o of_o they_o then_o i_o can_v do_v here_o but_o i_o do_v not_o mean_a to_o distinguish_v they_o as_o he_o do_v and_o to_o exclude_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o future_a from_o none_o of_o they_o because_o it_o be_v to_o destroy_v they_o and_o confound_v several_a passion_n in_o one_o in_o effect_n be_v the_o evil_a present_a there_o will_v be_v no_o fear_n it_o will_v be_v grief_n consternation_n or_o such_o like_a and_o m._n c._n of_o necessity_n must_v take_v frightfulness_n for_o a_o kind_n or_o species_n of_o fear_n which_o it_o participate_v to_o all_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o gender_n now_o fear_v in_o general_n suppose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o evil_a to_o come_v as_o all_o our_o master_n and_o all_o our_o book_n teach_v we_o and_o consequent_o
frightfulness_n suppose_v the_o same_o thing_n since_o all_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o gender_n ought_v also_o to_o be_v in_o the_o species_n certain_o m._n c._n be_v herein_o far_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o aristotle_n and_o of_o his_o sectary_n who_o believe_v that_o to_o form_v this_o passion_n the_o ill_a must_v not_o be_v to_o come_v but_o even_o a_o man_n must_v not_o be_v certain_o assure_v that_o it_o be_v to_o come_v or_o that_o we_o have_v some_o hope_n to_o eschew_v it_o how_o we_o be_v fright_v with_o present_a object_n but_o what_o say_v he_o we_o be_v fright_v with_o present_a object_n it_o be_v true_a so_o as_o it_o be_v well_o understand_v for_o this_o presence_n hinder_v not_o but_o that_o the_o ill_a we_o fear_v be_v to_o come_v when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o object_n or_o the_o present_a evil_n cause_n fright_v the_o word_n of_o evil_a and_o of_o object_n be_v take_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ill_a and_o not_o for_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v the_o true_a evil_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o ill_n be_v present_a and_o that_o still_o the_o fright_n respect_v the_o ill_a to_o come_v because_o it_o consider_v the_o effect_n which_o that_o cause_n be_v to_o produce_v which_o be_v proper_o that_o which_o give_v the_o fright_n since_o do_v we_o not_o think_v that_o it_o be_v to_o produce_v its_o effect_n neither_o will_v it_o cause_v that_o apprehension_n so_o a_o enemy_n who_o fall_v at_o once_o upon_o we_o a_o flash_n of_o lightning_n a_o phantasm_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o fright_v and_o terrify_v we_o be_v but_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ill_a which_o we_o imagine_v be_v to_o befall_v we_o for_o although_o we_o think_v it_o very_o near_o and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o difference_n of_o a_o fright_n from_o all_o other_o fear_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v not_o then_o so_o and_o be_v it_o so_o in_o effect_n it_o will_v not_o move_v we_o to_o a_o fright_n but_o to_o grief_n consternation_n or_o the_o like_a as_o be_v already_o say_v on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o presence_n of_o the_o object_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o several_a power_n to_o which_o it_o relate_v that_o which_o be_v present_a to_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o always_o so_o to_o the_o touch_n and_o so_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o fright_n be_v move_v by_o object_n which_o be_v present_a for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v see_v yet_o it_o also_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o this_o fright_n consider_v the_o future_a because_o those_o object_n be_v not_o yet_o present_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o feeling_n for_o the_o preservation_n whereof_o this_o passion_n be_v chief_o raise_v in_o the_o soul_n for_o as_o aristotle_n say_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v formidable_a and_o which_o cause_n terror_n be_v those_o which_o may_v cause_v a_o corruptive_a grief_n what_o shall_v we_o then_o say_v to_o the_o example_n which_o m._n c._n produce_v of_o a_o man_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o steeple_n and_o who_o will_v be_v sensible_a of_o a_o fright_n in_o look_v down_o although_o he_o be_v not_o in_o fear_n of_o fall_v be_v fence_v about_o with_o a_o rail_n or_o wall_n for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o fear_n it_o be_v not_o a_o effect_n of_o his_o ratiocination_n nor_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o future_a i_o shall_v answer_v in_o few_o word_n first_o that_o m.c._n seem_v to_o have_v forget_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o question_n for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o do_v not_o propose_v these_o passion_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o imagination_n reason_n but_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o she_o know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o therefore_o the_o consequence_n he_o draw_v that_o this_o fear_n be_v no_o effect_n of_o his_o ratiocination_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n second_o he_o confound_v according_a to_o his_o practice_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o intellect_n with_o that_o of_o the_o fancy_n for_o the_o assurance_n which_o this_o man_n have_v of_o not_o fall_v see_v the_o rail_n and_o safeguard_n which_o environ_v he_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o his_o understanding_n which_o hinder_v not_o his_o imagination_n from_o figure_v to_o itself_o that_o he_o may_v fall_v &_o so_o consequent_o that_o she_o consider_v not_o the_o future_a as_o she_o be_v surprise_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o precipice_n she_o mind_v not_o that_o which_o shall_v reassure_v she_o and_o the_o impression_n she_o have_v receive_v of_o it_o be_v so_o strong_a that_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o advice_n which_o the_o understanding_n afterward_o propose_v she_o can_v contain_v herself_o but_o suffer_v herself_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o that_o motion_n which_o she_o first_o give_v herself_o even_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o other_o passion_n which_o often_o raise_v some_o resistance_n in_o the_o mind_n which_o the_o superior_a part_n afford_v it_o although_o this_o fright_n therefore_o be_v vain_a and_o ill-grounded_a yet_o the_o imagination_n forbear_v not_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o she_o do_v in_o other_o which_o be_v just_a and_o reasonable_a and_o consequent_o she_o consider_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o fall_n as_o it_o be_v true_o to_o happen_v in_o a_o word_n she_o here_o repect_v the_o evil_n which_o be_v to_o come_v as_o in_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o fear_n how_o past_a danger_n trouble_v the_o mind_n so_o much_o concern_v the_o fright_n which_o present_a object_n use_v to_o incite_v it_o remain_v now_o to_o make_v m._n c._n see_v that_o when_o past_a danger_n come_v back_o to_o the_o memory_n and_o produce_v all_o the_o very_a same_o effect_n which_o fear_n use_v to_o cause_n the_o imagination_n respect_v even_o the_o ill_a to_o come_v for_o although_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v past_a yet_o it_o consider_v it_o in_o the_o condition_n it_o be_v when_o it_o move_v that_o first_o fright_n now_o at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v to_o come_v and_o consequent_o she_o still_o see_v it_o as_o to_o come_v that_o this_o may_v be_v well_o understand_v we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o memory_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n and_o withal_o those_o modification_n with_o which_o it_o be_v reve_v when_o it_o enter_v into_o that_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n so_o when_o we_o see_v a_o object_n a_o far_o off_o agitate_a with_o some_o motion_n or_o situate_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o manner_n memory_n how_o past_a thing_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o memory_n the_o image_n of_o this_o object_n remain_v in_o the_o memory_n with_o the_o species_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o situation_n which_o the_o sense_n observe_v in_o it_o and_o when_o we_o come_v to_o remember_v ourselves_o of_o it_o it_o again_o represent_v itself_o reve_v with_o the_o same_o accident_n now_o its_o certain_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v in_o the_o rank_n of_o these_o circumstance_n and_o when_o a_o faculty_n know_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o come_v it_o with_o the_o principal_a thing_n conceive_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v wherewith_o it_o be_v accompany_v and_o consequent_o whether_o the_o image_n of_o that_o object_n ought_v to_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o memory_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v with_o the_o very_a same_o circumstance_n and_o when_o it_o re-enter_v the_o thought_n it_o therein_o present_v its_o self_n as_o future_a otherwise_o the_o representation_n can_v not_o be_v just_a and_o faithful_a it_o be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v wonder_v if_o those_o who_o escape_v a_o danger_n can_v never_o again_o think_v of_o it_o without_o be_v surprise_v with_o the_o same_o fright_v it_o have_v former_o give_v they_o for_o as_o much_o as_o have_v the_o first_o time_n know_v the_o danger_n as_o a_o evil_a to_o come_v and_o whereinto_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o fall_v the_o image_n which_o they_o have_v preserve_v therefore_o can_v represent_v it_o no_o otherwise_o than_o it_o then_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o ready_a to_o come_v and_o fancy_v it_o after_o that_o manner_n it_o ought_v to_o cause_v a_o fright_n since_o its_o a_o passion_n which_o the_o evil_a which_o be_v ready_a to_o befall_v we_o be_v accustom_v to_o provoke_v but_o what_o a_o man_n may_v say_v the_o danger_n be_v real_o pass_v and_o who_o have_v escape_v it_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v add_v this_o circumstance_n of_o time_n to_o the_o image_n which_o he_o keep_v thereof_o and_o if_o he_o remember_v it_o again_o he_o ought_v no_o more_o to_o consider_v it_o as_o a_o present_a evil_n but_o as_o a_o past_a evil_n since_o the_o image_n which_o represent_v it_o be_v modify_v by_o this_o difference_n of_o time_n which_o be_v incompatible_a with_o that_o which_o be_v to_o
that_o they_o be_v serviceable_a to_o knowledge_n they_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o all_o the_o surplusage_n which_o concern_v they_o i_o will_v fain_o ask_v m._n c._n how_o he_o conceive_v that_o motion_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o image_n which_o be_v preserve_v thereof_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o how_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v fix_v and_o permanent_a can_v express_v another_o which_o have_v nothing_o that_o be_v stable_a and_o be_v in_o a_o continual_a flux_n for_o my_o part_n i_o find_v it_o as_o difficult_a to_o comprehend_v how_o time_n may_v be_v represent_v by_o any_o image_n and_o if_o m._n c._n grant_v that_o there_o be_v one_o of_o motion_n although_o he_o know_v not_o how_o it_o may_v be_v represent_v he_o know_v not_o why_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v none_o of_o time_n because_o according_a to_o his_o opinion_n none_o can_v represent_v it_o for_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a reason_n either_o to_o receive_v they_o for_o the_o one_o and_o for_o the_o other_o on_o what_o we_o experiment_n that_o the_o imagination_n know_v they_o both_o or_o to_o refuse_v they_o on_o this_o that_o we_o know_v not_o how_o to_o represent_v they_o but_o we_o be_v more_o near_o to_o examine_v m._n c._n reason_n otherwise_o he_o will_v believe_v we_o mean_v to_o baffle_v he_o with_o these_o subtlety_n and_o according_a to_o his_o custom_n he_o may_v brag_v we_o have_v not_o answer_v they_o what_o cause_n soever_o we_o have_v not_o to_o stop_v there_o for_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o imagination_n may_v know_v the_o time_n past_a m_o c_n first_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v the_o absent_a ill_a without_o discern_v that_o it_o be_v absent_a because_o absence_n have_v no_o image_n no_o more_o than_o other_o privation_n and_o so_o the_o memory_n be_v unable_a to_o represent_v they_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v a_o material_a faculty_n can_v know_v it_o there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o answer_v this_o objection_n first_o m._n c_o confoud_v here_o the_o past_a ill_a with_o the_o absent_a ill_n although_o they_o be_v two_o different_a thing_n see_v there_o be_v absent_a ill_n which_o be_v not_o past_a and_o if_o we_o apply_v these_o word_n to_o time_n as_o m.c._n do_v it_o be_v still_o certain_a that_o to_o be_v absent_a make_v not_o the_o difference_n essential_a of_o the_o time_n past_a because_o the_o absence_n be_v a_o privation_n which_o can_v enter_v into_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o real_a thing_n such_o as_o time_n be_v and_o therefore_o the_o time_n past_a be_v not_o past_a in_o that_o it_o be_v absent_a but_o its_o absent_a for_o that_o its_o past_a whence_o you_o may_v judge_v that_o the_o absence_n be_v but_o a_o accident_n which_o happen_v to_o time_n and_o that_o consequent_o the_o imagination_n may_v know_v the_o time_n past_a without_o know_v it_o to_o be_v absent_a since_o the_o time_n past_a be_v to_o be_v know_v by_o its_o true_a difference_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v real_a and_o not_o privative_a but_o it_o may_v be_v demand_v what_o the_o difference_n be_v which_o may_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o imagination_n certain_o if_o time_n be_v the_o successive_a durance_n of_o motion_n or_o to_o observe_v the_o term_n of_o the_o school_n if_o it_o be_v the_o number_n and_o distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o motion_n as_o that_o some_o flow_v before_o and_o other_o afterward_o its_o certain_a that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o part_n of_o motion_n which_o flow_v first_o make_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n past_a now_o there_o be_v nothing_o herein_o which_o the_o imagination_n may_v not_o know_v for_o the_o distinction_n and_o the_o effective_a number_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v sensible_a may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o sense_n so_o the_o sense_n may_v know_v three_o man_n three_o horse_n because_o man_n and_o horse_n be_v sensible_a thing_n if_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a that_o motion_n be_v sensible_a as_o m._n c._n avow_v the_o number_n of_o motion_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o too_o and_o if_o the_o sense_n can_v know_v the_o motion_n without_o know_v the_o precedent_a part_n because_o motion_n speak_v succession_n and_o who_o speak_v succession_n suppose_v something_o which_o precede_v of_o necessity_n the_o sense_n must_v know_v the_o part_n which_o have_v fly_v and_o must_v therefore_o know_v the_o number_n of_o the_o part_n of_o motion_n which_o do_v flow_v before_o the_o rest_n now_o this_o be_v to_o know_v the_o time_n past_a without_o doubt_n m.c._n do_v not_o consider_v the_o wrong_n he_o do_v his_o own_o cause_n when_o the_o truth_n force_v he_o to_o confess_v that_o sense_n know_v motion_n neither_o do_v he_o foresee_v the_o reason_n and_o the_o consequence_n which_o we_o have_v now_o draw_v from_o thence_o but_o to_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n in_o some_o other_o thing_n i_o shall_v grant_v he_o that_o absence_n be_v a_o privation_n and_o a_o negation_n of_o a_o be_v so_o as_o he_o will_v remember_v the_o distinction_n we_o produce_v pag._n 72._o where_o we_o say_v there_o be_v direct_v and_o oblique_a negation_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o may_v both_o be_v satisfy_v he_o to_o find_v the_o proposition_n which_o he_o have_v produce_v to_o be_v true_a for_o direct_v negation_n which_o can_v be_v know_v by_o the_o imagination_n and_o i_o to_o have_v show_v that_o oblique_a negation_n may_v at_o least_o by_o accident_n be_v thereby_o know_v thus_o we_o may_v together_o judge_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o the_o absence_n and_o the_o privation_n which_o happen_v to_o time_n past_a but_o it_o know_v the_o time_n pass_v deprive_v of_o the_o absent_a thing_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o time_n present_a and_o that_o by_o separate_v the_o image_n of_o the_o present_a with_o that_o of_o the_o time_n which_o be_v run_v away_o it_o by_o accident_n know_v that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o this_o separation_n that_o the_o time_n past_a be_v distinct_a and_o separate_a from_o the_o present_a and_o that_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o present_a that_o in_o fine_a it_o form_v a_o image_n of_o that_o oblique_a absence_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o separation_n be_v a_o modification_n of_o the_o image_n and_o that_o this_o modification_n pass_v for_o a_o image_n since_o it_o represent_v the_o thing_n separate_v as_o we_o have_v more_o ample_o show_v in_o the_o 73_o and_o 74_o page_n m._n c's_o second_o be_v that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n as_o abstract_v or_o join_v with_o the_o thing_n have_v no_o material_a image_n which_o can_v represent_v they_o to_o the_o imagination_n and_o that_o as_o a_o man_n can_v never_o say_v that_o the_o eye_n see_v a_o soul_n although_o join_v with_o the_o body_n because_o the_o soul_n have_v no_o image_n to_o join_v with_o that_o of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n all_o this_o discourse_n be_v but_o a_o paralogism_n which_o suppose_v what_o be_v in_o question_n and_o compare_v thing_n which_o be_v of_o several_a gender_n and_o have_v nothing_o common_a among_o they_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v sensible_a since_o motion_n be_v sensible_a and_o that_o the_o number_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v sensible_a be_v also_o sensible_a now_o the_o number_n of_o motion_n make_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v sensible_a and_o consequent_o they_o have_v material_a image_n since_o they_o can_v be_v sensible_a without_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o image_n so_o that_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v not_o sensible_a ought_v not_o nor_o can_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n which_o be_v sensible_a and_o m._n c._n can_v thereupon_o conclude_v nothing_o the_o imagination_n may_v know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v the_o three_o be_v particular_a for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o it_o import_v that_o if_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n but_o when_o then_o be_v conjunctive_a with_o the_o thing_n its_o impossible_a it_o shall_v know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v since_o it_o can_v know_v with_o what_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o be_v conjoin_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o if_o it_o be_v present_a the_o time_n to_o be_v conjoin_v to_o it_o must_v also_o be_v present_a be_v not_o therefore_o present_a it_o can_v furnish_v no_o image_n neither_o to_o the_o memory_n nor_o to_o the_o imagination_n observe_v this_o for_o another_o paralogism_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o word_n thing_n which_o m._n c._n understand_v of_o the_o material_a &_o exterior_a object_n instead_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o formal_a object_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o image_n or_o of_o the_o thing_n represent_v for_o when_o we_o say_v we_o know_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n conjoin_v
or_o a_o custom_n he_o have_v need_n of_o memory_n but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o acquire_v it_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n that_o animal_n can_v acustom_v themselves_o to_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v without_o the_o help_n of_o reason_n and_o of_o memory_n although_o it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o may_v afterward_o without_o it_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o accustom_v themselves_o unto_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o i_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o believe_v but_o that_o all_o true_a habit_n have_v need_n of_o memory_n and_o that_o who_o ever_o shall_v lose_v it_o will_v also_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o all_o other_o habit_n he_o have_v acquire_v how_o perfect_a soever_o they_o be_v but_o since_o i_o do_v not_o explicate_v myself_o thereupon_o why_o will_v m._n c._n divine_a my_o thought_n and_o find_v inconvenience_n in_o thing_n which_o i_o never_o yet_o say_v yet_o do_v i_o not_o insist_v hereupon_o since_o he_o at_o last_o remit_v himself_o to_o reason_n and_o confess_v pag_n 159_o that_o this_o faculty_n be_v necessary_a for_o several_a action_n which_o beast_n perform_v and_o the_o good_a and_o ill_a which_o happen_v to_o they_o remain_v in_o their_o memory_n and_o afterward_o oblige_v they_o to_o reject_v the_o same_o action_n for_o although_o he_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v on_o the_o hope_n or_o fear_n that_o the_o same_o good_a or_o the_o same_o ill_n may_v happen_v unto_o they_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o after_o he_o have_v see_v the_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v use_v to_o maintain_v this_o truth_n he_o will_v present_o yield_v up_o the_o cudgel_n for_o my_o part_n i_o find_v the_o proceed_n therein_o hold_v very_o equitable_a and_o i_o very_o much_o approve_v the_o prudence_n he_o have_v to_o expect_v till_o i_o have_v evident_o make_v he_o see_v that_o beast_n fear_v and_o hope_n and_o that_o they_o confer_v the_o time_n pass_v with_o the_o future_a before_o he_o oblige_v himself_o to_o believe_v it_o i_o even_o maintain_v that_o in_o the_o quality_n which_o he_o here_o take_v of_o a_o defender_n he_o may_v in_o conscience_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o ratiocination_n therein_o without_o be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v so_o it_o be_v as_o he_o say_v superabundance_n of_o right_n and_o out_o of_o pure_a zeal_n which_o he_o have_v for_o the_o truth_n but_o also_o this_o same_o prudence_n and_o this_o same_o zeal_n engage_v he_o to_o change_v his_o opinion_n now_o he_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o satisfy_v his_o doubt_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v obscure_a unto_o he_o now_o present_v themselves_o clear_a and_o evident_a it_o be_v a_o advice_n which_o i_o give_v he_o for_o his_o own_o sake_n for_o he_o may_v well_o think_v that_o it_o concern_v not_o i_o and_o that_o what_o part_n soever_o he_o take_v my_o cause_n will_v neither_o be_v better_a nor_o worse_o to_o wit_n whether_o one_o may_v accustom_v one_o self_n to_o some_o thing_n without_o reason_v let_v we_o examine_v the_o other_o point_n where_o by_o new_a example_n he_o will_v show_v that_o we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o several_a thing_n whereto_o reason_n be_v nothing_o serviceable_a for_o it_o be_v here_o that_o he_o triumph_v and_o flatter_v himself_o with_o the_o advantage_n he_o think_v he_o have_v over_o i_o for_o that_o i_o have_v not_o answer_v to_o those_o he_o have_v former_o propose_v on_o the_o same_o subject_n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o answer_v to_o they_o because_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v do_v it_o and_o m._n c._n wrong_v himself_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n wherein_o he_o believe_v the_o decisive_a point_n of_o the_o question_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v without_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v therein_o altogether_o useless_a nay_o i_o shall_v repeat_v it_o again_o i_o pretend_v to_o speak_v only_o of_o custom_n and_o habit_n in_o which_o he_o himself_o say_v that_o memory_n be_v necessary_a and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o if_o animal_n have_v some_o one_o of_o that_o nature_n to_o conclude_v that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v acquire_v they_o without_o reason_v since_o they_o must_v have_v confer_v the_o present_a object_n with_o those_o which_o be_v past_a and_o those_o which_o be_v to_o come_v as_o we_o have_v say_v so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v other_o in_o which_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o make_v in_o good_a time_n be_v it_o as_o i_o hinder_v he_o not_o so_o it_o also_o hinder_v not_o my_o consequence_n from_o be_v good_a and_o true_a but_o what_o all_o these_o few_o observation_n he_o have_v make_v must_v they_o lie_v on_o his_o hand_n without_o his_o draw_v any_o advantage_n from_o they_o no_o indeed_o how_o slight_a soever_o they_o be_v we_o must_v disburden_v he_o of_o they_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n show_v he_o for_o what_o they_o may_v be_v good_a which_o i_o will_v not_o do_v as_o he_o do_v out_o of_o superabundance_n of_o right_n since_o it_o matter_n nothing_o to_o our_o question_n but_o out_o of_o the_o only_a desire_n which_o i_o have_v to_o make_v he_o know_v the_o truth_n but_o we_o must_v first_o bring_v they_o to_o light_v that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v what_o we_o be_v upon_o and_o that_o he_o may_v give_v judgement_n from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o first_o be_v of_o child_n who_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o several_a thing_n before_o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n the_o second_o be_v from_o the_o stomach_n which_o accustom_n itself_o to_o certain_a mean_n and_o which_o regulate_v its_o hunger_n at_o certain_a hour_n the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o liver_n which_o accustom_n itself_o to_o make_v the_o more_o blood_n the_o often_o we_o be_v let_v blood_n the_o four_o be_v of_o the_o fluxious_a which_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o fall_v on_o certain_a part_n the_o five_o be_v of_o the_o external_a sense_n which_o acquire_v habit_n some_o person_n have_v be_v find_v who_o have_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o the_o taste_n of_o woormwood_n and_o to_o the_o smell_n of_o stink_a thing_n etc._n etc._n the_o six_o be_v from_o the_o common_a sense_n which_o take_v a_o custom_n of_o sleep_v and_o wake_v at_o regulate_v hour_n the_o seven_o the_o eight_o and_o the_o nine_o be_v from_o the_o memory_n from_o the_o appetite_n and_o from_o the_o motive_n virtue_n which_o acquire_v habit_n from_o all_o this_o he_o conclude_v that_o it_o not_o necessary_a to_o accustom_v one_o self_n to_o any_o thing_n to_o make_v use_n of_o reason_n since_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v propose_v which_o be_v reasonable_a nor_o any_o of_o their_o effect_n wherein_o reason_n appear_v first_o when_o he_o say_v that_o reason_n herein_o be_v not_o necessary_a he_o intend_v intellectual_a reason_n since_o he_o acknowledge_v none_o other_o and_o in_o that_o sense_n i_o grant_v he_o all_o what_o he_o say_v but_o our_o difference_n be_v not_o therein_o it_o consist_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o imagination_n reason_n not_o in_o these_o encounter_n in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o employ_v the_o word_n custom_n without_o observe_v the_o several_a signification_n it_o have_v and_o indifferent_o apply_v it_o to_o several_a thing_n without_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o one_o and_o improper_o to_o other_o which_o yet_o be_v necessary_a to_o induce_v what_o he_o pretend_v for_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o retort_v all_o his_o example_n in_o which_o this_o word_n have_v not_o its_o true_a and_o proper_a signification_n m_o c._n shall_v have_v remember_v that_o custom_n and_o habit_n be_v active_a disposition_n and_o can_v be_v proper_o apply_v to_o passives_n wherefore_o when_o they_o say_v that_o a_o man_n accustom_n himself_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a that_o the_o stomach_n accustom_n itself_o to_o certain_a meat_n that_o some_o have_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o find_v the_o taste_n of_o woormwood_n pleasant_a etc._n etc._n this_o word_n have_v not_o therein_o its_o natural_a signification_n because_o that_o in_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o speak_v we_o mean_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o suffer_v those_o object_n and_o that_o the_o facility_n we_o find_v therein_o be_v a_o pure_a material_a and_o passive_a disposition_n which_o the_o use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v leave_v in_o the_o organ_n in_o effect_n we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o heat_n because_o the_o impression_n of_o heat_n remain_v in_o the_o part_n and_o make_v that_o what_o come_v afterward_o operate_v not_o so_o powerful_o on_o the_o body_n which_o be_v already_o imbue_v with_o that_o quality_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o odour_n favour_n and_o other_o sensible_a object_n which_o by_o mean_n of_o strike_v the_o sense_n leave_v a_o certain_a character_n in_o
they_o which_o render_v the_o organ_n most_o like_a the_o object_n and_o the_o object_n more_o familiar_a to_o the_o organ_n there_o be_v not_o therefore_o therein_o a_o true_a custom_n no_o more_o then_o when_o we_o say_v that_o a_o fluxion_n be_v accustom_v to_o fall_v on_o some_o place_n for_o it_o be_v but_o a_o passive_a disposition_n which_o come_v from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o part_n which_o can_v resist_v the_o overflowing_n of_o the_o humour_n which_o cast_v themselves_o on_o they_o add_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o flux_n which_o accustom_n itself_o for_o that_o which_o be_v fall_v never_o fall_v again_o but_o it_o be_v nature_n which_o common_o discharge_v itself_o on_o the_o weak_a part_n or_o rather_o its_o those_o same_o part_n which_o out_o of_o weakness_n be_v more_o capable_a to_o receive_v those_o superfluity_n wiich_a they_o receive_v from_o elsewhere_o however_o it_o be_v these_o be_v manner_n of_o speak_v which_o be_v good_a for_o the_o people_n and_o not_o for_o philosopher_n and_o beside_o its_o in_o that_o rank_n you_o must_v place_n the_o custom_n which_o the_o liver_n take_v to_o make_v the_o more_o blood_n in_o those_o who_o be_v often_o let_v blood_n for_o the_o liver_n have_v no_o more_o facility_n in_o make_v of_o it_o then_o then_o when_o a_o man_n be_v seldom_o let_v blood_n but_o it_o be_v by_o this_o evacuation_n that_o the_o part_n empty_v themselves_o and_o that_o nature_n labour_v to_o make_v the_o more_o blood_n to_o fill_v they_o in_o fine_a as_o we_o never_o say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a custom_n or_o any_o habit_n in_o the_o season_n and_o in_o other_o inanimate_a thing_n although_o we_o say_v that_o the_o winter_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v rainy_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v fertile_a in_o such_o place_n etc._n etc._n we_o must_v believe_v that_o when_o we_o use_v these_o kind_n of_o speech_n for_o the_o natural_a action_n of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v figurative_o or_o by_o a_o abuse_n and_o that_o a_o man_n who_o can_v distinguish_v these_o thing_n deserve_v not_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n nor_o to_o take_v place_n among_o philosopher_n after_o all_o this_o if_o m.c._n will_v opiniaster_v himself_o to_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a custom_n in_o all_o those_o observation_n which_o he_o produce_v can_v we_o not_o tell_v he_o that_o as_o they_o be_v all_o take_v from_o animal_n they_o leave_v the_o suspicion_n that_o the_o imagination_n concur_v thereunto_o and_o that_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o perform_v without_o the_o ratiocination_n of_o that_o faculty_n certain_o to_o have_v take_v away_o all_o cause_n of_o doubt_n he_o shall_v have_v make_v use_n of_o example_n draw_v from_o insensible_a thing_n as_o stone_n plant_n etc._n etc._n then_o there_o have_v be_v no_o more_o difficulty_n &_o we_o shall_v have_v be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o custom_n need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o the_o memory_n and_o of_o reason_n but_o since_o all_o these_o part_n which_o he_o say_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o certain_a thing_n be_v endue_v with_o sense_n and_o that_o everywhere_o where_o there_o be_v sense_n the_o imagination_n must_v agitate_v be_v we_o not_o to_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v accustom_v themselves_o thereunto_o by_o knowledge_n and_o that_o the_o image_n which_o form_n this_o knowledge_n preserve_v themselves_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o make_v the_o soul_n remember_v the_o first_o action_n that_o it_o may_v afterward_o perform_v the_o like_a whence_o at_o last_o come_v facility_n and_o habit_n no_o let_v not_o m.c._n deceive_v himself_o the_o imagination_n and_o the_o memory_n agitate_v not_o alone_o in_o the_o head_n although_o they_o reside_v there_o as_o in_o their_o throne_n and_o there_o perform_v their_o most_o considerable_a action_n they_o spread_v themselves_o through_o all_o the_o sensible_a part_n and_o perform_v often_o operation_n of_o which_o they_o give_v no_o knowledge_n to_o this_o principal_a organ_n and_o therein_o imitate_v prince_n who_o act_n many_o thing_n in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o state_n without_o communicate_v aught_o to_o their_o counsel_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o so_o many_o sentiment_n be_v make_v in_o the_o member_n without_o our_o preception_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o memory_n remain_v in_o the_o finger_n of_o a_o luthene_a after_o he_o have_v forget_v all_o his_o piece_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o virtue_n formatrix_fw-la form_v the_o image_n it_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o imagination_n when_o it_o imprint_n those_o wonderful_a mark_n on_o the_o body_n of_o child_n during_o the_o woman_n be_v with_o child_n they_o neither_o know_v nor_o remember_v themselves_o thereof_o but_o we_o reserve_v to_o the_o three_o volume_n of_o our_o character_n which_o we_o be_v about_o to_o publish_v the_o full_a discovery_n of_o this_o truth_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v we_o conclude_v this_o unprofitable_a examen_fw-la of_o m_n c's_o example_n since_o we_o agree_v to_o what_o he_o intend_v to_o prove_v to_o wit_n that_o custom_n may_v be_v acquire_v without_o the_o help_n of_o intellectual_a reason_n and_o that_o its_o very_a likely_a that_o have_v well_o consider_v the_o proof_n we_o have_v produce_v to_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n reason_n he_o will_v also_o agree_v with_o we_o that_o the_o custom_n he_o speak_v of_o can_v never_o be_v acquire_v but_o by_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o imagination_n chap._n v._o examen_fw-la of_o m._n c._n objection_n against_o our_o last_o proof_n of_o the_o reason_v of_o beast_n the_o last_o proof_n which_o we_o give_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n be_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o appetite_n which_o ought_v to_o precede_v all_o the_o action_n which_o they_o perform_v be_v never_o make_v without_o be_v devance_v by_o three_o proposition_n the_o 1._o that_o the_o thing_n be_v good_a the_o second_o that_o it_o be_v feasible_a the_o three_o that_o it_o must_v be_v do_v and_o that_o these_o proposition_n be_v link_v together_o with_o common_a term_n and_o the_o one_o draw_v its_o evidence_n from_o the_o other_o they_o must_v form_v a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n this_o reason_n which_o we_o employ_v to_o show_v that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o instinct_n be_v all_o make_v with_o ratiocination_n please_v not_o m.c._n first_o in_o that_o i_o suppose_v that_o those_o action_n be_v motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n and_o he_o say_v that_o he_o be_v too_o know_v in_o these_o matter_n and_o too_o hard_o to_o be_v persuade_v to_o believe_v it_o without_o its_o have_v be_v prove_v to_o he_o yet_o for_o compliance_n sake_n he_o will_v grant_v it_o that_o he_o may_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o appetite_n need_v none_o of_o these_o proposition_n for_o my_o part_n i_o will_v not_o have_v he_o lose_v the_o merit_n of_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a civility_n i_o here_o accept_v of_o the_o favour_n he_o do_v i_o at_o least_o until_o we_o come_v to_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o the_o instinct_n for_o i_o then_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o evident_o appear_v not_o that_o these_o action_n be_v motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n have_v never_o propose_v that_o proposition_n but_o that_o they_o be_v precede_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n and_o how_o difficult_a soever_o it_o may_v be_v to_o persuade_v i_o be_o sure_a to_o convince_v he_o by_o the_o first_o notion_n of_o philosophy_n or_o to_o reduce_v he_o to_o that_o point_n as_o to_o deny_v they_o and_o to_o fight_v against_o common_a sense_n this_o article_n remain_v then_o in_o suspense_n till_o that_o time_n let_v we_o now_o observe_v what_o he_o oppose_v to_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v sufficient_a say_v he_o if_o the_o object_n he_o know_v by_o the_o first_o operation_n of_o the_o spirit_n to_o move_v the_o appetite_n for_o when_o one_o that_o be_v hunger-starve_v see_v bread_n his_o appetite_n without_o discourse_n be_v carry_v thereunto_o and_o when_o we_o put_v our_o hand_n to_o the_o dish_n our_o imagination_n discourse_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v good_a i_o can_v take_v it_o i_o must_v therefore_o take_v it_o it_o seem_v save_v the_o respect_n which_o i_o owe_v m._n c._n he_o quit_v himself_o not_o well_o of_o his_o promise_n for_o i_o therein_o see_v no_o proof_n which_o make_v i_o know_v that_o the_o appetite_n need_v none_o of_o these_o proposition_n and_o do_v he_o think_v it_o enough_o to_o destroy_v a_o thing_n simple_o to_o contradict_v it_o without_o ground_v it_o on_o any_o reason_n i_o say_v the_o appetite_n have_v need_n of_o proposition_n and_o he_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v enough_o if_o the_o object_n be_v know_v by_o the_o first_o operation_n of_o the_o spirit_n he_o shall_v therefore_o have_v prove_v it_o for_o what_o he_o add_v that_o when_o one_o hungerstarved_a see_v bread_n he_o carry_v his_o appetite_n thereto_o without_o discourse_n
the_o reason_n which_o m._n c._n examine_v here_o will_v still_o remain_v in_o full_a force_n and_o it_o will_v still_o be_v true_a that_o dog_n and_o hawk_n do_v not_o pursue_v their_o game_n how_o good_a soever_o it_o appear_v unto_o they_o if_o they_o judge_v it_o to_o be_v out_o of_o reach_n it_o remain_v now_o for_o we_o to_o observe_v whether_o he_o have_v weaken_v it_o by_o any_o other_o objection_n more_o considerable_a than_o that_o he_o for_o a_o second_o reason_n add_v that_o dog_n often_o cease_v to_o pursue_v the_o game_n although_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o reach_n their_o imagination_n be_v divert_v that_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o do_v not_o forbear_v to_o pursue_v what_o be_v too_o far_o off_o to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o they_o do_v stop_v it_o be_v either_o out_o of_o weariness_n or_o out_o of_o distraction_n but_o also_o most_o common_o because_o that_o a_o object_n a_o far_o off_o draw_v not_o at_o all_o i_o shall_v grant_v he_o all_o what_o he_o here_o say_v except_v that_o adamantine_a virtue_n wherewith_o he_o believe_v object_n draw_v the_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o it_o be_v a_o extravagant_a opinion_n which_o can_v be_v maintain_v by_o any_o reason_n and_o which_o destroy_v the_o nature_n of_o knowledge_n and_o the_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n without_o lie_v i_o wonder_v that_o so_o clear_a a_o spirit_n as_o be_v m._n c_n shall_v not_o have_v perceive_v that_o all_o what_o he_o have_v say_v make_v nothing_o against_o what_o i_o have_v propose_v when_o i_o say_v that_o dog_n often_o do_v not_o pursue_v their_o prey_n because_o they_o judge_v it_o too_o far_o off_o and_o that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o also_o assure_v that_o often_o they_o do_v not_o pursue_v it_o because_o their_o imagination_n be_v divert_v we_o be_v nothing_o contrary_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o both_o may_v have_v be_v in_o the_o right_n have_v i_o say_v that_o they_o never_o pursue_v their_o prey_n when_o it_o be_v too_o far_o off_o and_o that_o 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and_o essence_n for_o the_o power_n which_o judge_v of_o all_o thing_n and_o which_o make_v universal_a notion_n can_v be_v tie_v to_o the_o matter_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v spiritual_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o matter_n determine_v and_o can_v admit_v of_o universality_n that_o so_o the_o understanding_n reason_v universal_o aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o order_n of_o spiritual_a thing_n whereto_o the_o imagination_n can_v pretend_v be_v reduce_v to_o particular_a discourse_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o speak_v general_o reason_n be_v not_o the_o specific_a difference_n of_o man_n but_o such_o a_o species_n of_o reason_n to_o wit_n universal_a reason_n and_o because_o its_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o it_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a gender_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o several_a other_o species_n and_o have_v part_n with_o this_o privilege_n in_o the_o definition_n of_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o that_o this_o word_n 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define_v a_o man_n by_o reason_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v universal_o and_o not_o of_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v simple_o which_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o beast_n the_o first_o difference_n which_o there_o be_v betwixt_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o imagination_n i_o imagine_v in_o myself_o that_o there_o be_v no_o reasonable_a man_n who_o ought_v not_o to_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o share_n i_o have_v allot_v he_o in_o the_o distribution_n of_o knowledge_n and_o reason_n yet_o it_o seem_v m_n c._n be_v not_o satisfy_v therewith_o and_o that_o he_o will_v also_o have_v that_o which_o i_o have_v allow_v beast_n and_o will_v take_v from_o they_o that_o small_a portion_n of_o ratiocination_n which_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v give_v they_o first_o he_o approve_v not_o that_o the_o imagination_n be_v different_a from_o the_o understanding_n in_o that_o its_o knowledge_n be_v restrain_v to_o corporal_a thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o life_n and_o proper_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o species_n instead_o that_o that_o of_o the_o understanding_n extend_v to_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o for_o although_o at_o first_o he_o say_v that_o he_o will_v not_o contest_v thereupon_o if_o i_o will_v not_o make_v these_o knowledge_n pass_v by_o ratiocination_n yet_o without_o remember_v this_o protestation_n he_o present_o after_o say_v p._n 129._o that_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o imagination_n be_v restrain_v to_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n and_o proper_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o species_n if_o this_o be_v not_o true_a why_o will_v he_o not_o contest_v it_o be_v it_o that_o he_o will_v contest_v only_a thing_n which_o be_v true_a be_v it_o that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o maintain_v right_a and_o wrong_n and_o to_o change_v his_o opinion_n from_o one_o line_n to_o
another_o but_o he_o say_v pag._n 128._o i_o will_v make_v these_o knowledge_n pass_v for_o ratiocination_n every_o shadow_n fright_v a_o man_n afraid_a and_o to_o shun_v one_o danger_n he_o often_o fall_v into_o another_o i_o speak_v not_o there_o of_o ratiocination_n i_o speak_v of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n and_o he_o to_o prevent_v my_o thought_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o discern_v the_o thing_n he_o be_v to_o remove_v and_o he_o easy_o commit_v a_o sophism_n who_o reprehend_v what_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v reprehend_v he_o shall_v have_v consider_v that_o have_v propopose_v a_o action_n which_o mark_v the_o essential_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o imagination_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o show_v that_o this_o know_v only_o corporal_a thing_n and_o that_o the_o understanding_n know_v general_o all_o thing_n it_o be_v needless_a to_o say_v whether_o this_o knowledge_n be_v make_v with_o ratiocination_n or_o no._n 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of_o which_o they_o be_v call_v universal_a so_o that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o kite_n which_o be_v in_o the_o imagination_n of_o the_o chick_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o gender_n be_v only_o universal_a as_o sign_n or_o as_o example_n which_o may_v represent_v several_a object_n but_o not_o as_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a nature_n which_o the_o imagination_n conceive_v to_o be_v in_o divers_a particular_n because_o there_o be_v but_o one_o universal_a faculty_n such_o as_o the_o understanding_n be_v which_o can_v tan_o take_v away_o the_o singularity_n of_o thing_n and_o conceive_v in_o they_o at_o once_o both_o unity_n and_o plurality_n and_o to_o speak_v to_o the_o truth_n the_o image_n which_o be_v in_o the_o imagination_n be_v no_o more_o universal_a than_o a_o name_n will_v be_v which_o be_v give_v to_o several_a person_n or_o then_o a_o character_n in_o cypher_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o mark_v several_a number_n of_o the_o same_o species_n as_o for_o the_o proposition_n she_o make_v neither_o be_v they_o proper_o universal_a for_o to_o make_v they_o such_o they_o must_v contain_v some_o notion_n which_o must_v be_v universal_a now_o as_o this_o surpass_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o imagination_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o say_v it_o follow_v that_o it_o can_v also_o form_v any_o of_o these_o proposition_n and_o if_o it_o form_v any_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o this_o nature_n we_o may_v say_v according_a to_o the_o language_n of_o the_o school_n that_o they_o be_v universal_a only_o material_o and_o not_o formal_o for_o its_o true_a she_o may_v judge_v that_o all_o the_o object_n she_o know_v be_v good_a or_o ill_a and_o this_o judgement_n contain_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o universal_a proposition_n but_o the_o form_n be_v want_v thereto_o to_o wit_n the_o totality_n and_o the_o union_n of_o all_o these_o object_n for_o the_o imagination_n must_v know_v a_o whole_a difference_n from_o all_o it_o part_n and_o consequent_o must_v make_v a_o abstract_n thereof_o which_o be_v beyond_o its_o power_n these_o kind_n of_o proposition_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o mass_n of_o as_o many_o different_a judgement_n as_o there_o be_v object_n and_o when_o we_o assure_v that_o the_o imagination_n make_v they_o its_z as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o she_o judge_v this_o object_n to_o be_v good_a that_o this_o also_o be_v so_o and_o the_o other_o it_o be_v also_o etc._n etc._n yet_o without_o form_v any_o general_a notion_n of_o all_o these_o object_n nor_o of_o the_o goodness_n she_o know_v in_o they_o and_o without_o doubt_n in_o these_o encounter_v she_o do_v as_o when_o she_o know_v a_o multitude_n for_o she_o very_o well_o see_v the_o first_o the_o second_o the_o three_o in_o a_o word_n all_o the_o part_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v by_o the_o sense_n know_v unto_o it_o but_o she_o can_v form_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o number_n which_o contain_v they_o all_o not_o that_o she_o know_v not_o the_o number_n all_o entire_a but_o it_o be_v but_o as_o we_o have_v say_v material_o these_o be_v the_o illustration_n which_o it_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v a_o truth_n which_o i_o have_v so_o often_o presuppose_v and_o which_o serve_v as_o a_o basis_n to_o the_o most_o important_a conclusion_n of_o my_o discourse_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o have_v tire_v m._n c._n but_o he_o must_v think_v that_o i_o do_v not_o write_v this_o for_o his_o satisfaction_n and_o that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o find_v far_o less_o in_o those_o thing_n in_o which_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o his_o opinion_n then_o in_o these_o wherein_o we_o agree_v that_o reason_n in_o general_n be_v not_o the_o specific_a difference_n of_o man._n from_o these_o two_o difference_n which_o we_o have_v discover_v betwixt_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o imagination_n we_o have_v conclude_v that_o speak_v general_o reason_n be_v not_o the_o specific_a difference_n of_o man_n but_o such_o a_o species_n of_o reason_n to_o wit_n universal_a reason_n which_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a and_o which_o for_o its_o excellency_n be_v call_v simple_o reason_n m._n c._n produce_v many_o reason_n to_o destroy_v this_o consequence_n the_o first_o be_v that_o be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v a_o great_a perfection_n in_o human_a ratiocination_n it_o will_v not_o mark_v a_o essential_a difference_n in_o the_o faculty_n because_o more_o or_o less_o change_v not_o the_o species_n and_o that_o the_o faculty_n change_v not_o their_o nature_n and_o do_v not_o become_v specific_a in_o a_o subject_n to_o perform_v in_o it_o more_o perfect_a action_n then_o in_o another_o one_o word_n will_v answer_v all_o this_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o perfection_n the_o one_o be_v essential_a the_o other_o be_v accidental_a this_o make_v not_o real_o a_o essential_a difference_n but_o the_o other_o make_v or_o at_o least_o suppose_v it_o when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o angel_n be_v more_o noble_a and_o perfect_a then_o man_n or_o that_o man_n be_v more_o perfect_a than_o beast_n this_o perfection_n do_v it_o not_o mark_v a_o essential_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o m._n c._n who_o ground_n himself_o on_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o school_n that_o more_o and_o less_o cause_v no_o change_n in_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n shall_v have_v take_v heed_n to_o the_o restriction_n give_v he_o for_o its_o certain_a there_o be_v encounter_n in_o which_o this_o proposion_n be_v false_a when_o aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o first_o substance_n be_v more_o substance_n than_o the_o second_o and_o that_o form_n be_v more_o so_o then_o the_o matter_n when_o the_o platonic_a philosophy_n teach_v we_o that_o there_o be_v more_o or_o less_o of_o essence_n in_o thing_n and_o that_o the_o abundance_n of_o be_v be_v a_o cause_n why_o some_o be_v more_o perfect_a than_o other_o m_n c_z believe_v not_o that_o this_o more_o and_o this_o less_o make_v a_o essential_a difference_n and_o if_o he_o do_v believe_v it_o as_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v the_o more_o or_o less_o perfection_n which_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o reason_n of_o man_n and_o of_o beast_n may_v it_o not_o make_v the_o same_o difference_n after_o all_o let_v he_o remember_v himself_o of_o what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o that_o the_o essential_a difference_n which_o distinguish_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o understanding_n reason_v with_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n consist_v not_o in_o more_o or_o less_o but_o that_o it_o be_v thereby_o make_v know_v and_o it_o be_v the_o reason_n for_o which_o we_o say_v that_o if_o more_o or_o less_o do_v not_o make_v this_o difference_n yet_o at_o least_o they_o suppose_v it_o the_o second_o be_v that_o be_v there_o a_o great_a perfection_n than_o ratiocination_n which_o be_v capable_a to_o establish_v a_o specific_a difference_n it_o will_v not_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o universal_a thing_n because_o general_a notion_n be_v the_o most_o confuse_a and_o most_o imperfect_a of_o our_o conception_n i_o send_v back_n m.c._n with_o this_o article_n to_o our_o logicitian_n who_o will_v teach_v he_o that_o universals_z be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o as_o simple_a nature_n separate_v from_o all_o particular_n second_o as_o nature_n which_o comprehend_v all_o particular_n this_o import_v confusion_n because_o it_o distinguish_v nothing_o and_o represent_v the_o universal_a as_o a_o whole_a which_o contain_v several_a part_n but_o the_o other_o be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o make_v thing_n know_v more_o clear_o and_o more_o perfect_o because_o it_o propose_v universal_a nature_n as_o degree_n and_o part_n whereof_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n be_v compose_v so_o when_o we_o conceive_v the_o animal_n as_o a_o gender_n which_o embrace_v all_o the_o species_n of_o animal_n this_o knowledge_n be_v in_o some_o manner_n confuse_v and_o like_o that_o which_o we_o have_v of_o the_o whole_a without_o distinguish_v the_o part_n but_o when_o we_o consider_v the_o animal_n in_o man_n or_o in_o some_o other_o species_n we_o conceive_v it_o as_o a_o degree_n and_o a_o part_n of_o his_o essence_n and_o consequent_o the_o knowledge_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o exact_v then_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o species_n in_o gross_a certain_o i_o can_v believe_v that_o m_o c._n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o a_o distinction_n so_o common_a in_o the_o school_n but_o i_o wonder_v also_o that_o he_o do_v not_o foresee_v that_o i_o make_v use_v of_o it_o to_o destroy_v the_o reason_n which_o he_o produce_v and_o if_o he_o do_v foresee_v it_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o great_a cause_n of_o astonishment_n that_o he_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o thing_n he_o know_v be_v useless_a for_o his_o design_n but_o say_v he_o those_o man_n which_o reason_n best_o and_o know_v thing_n most_o perfect_o make_v few_o universal_a notion_n than_o grosser_n spirit_n which_o confuse_o judge_v of_o
all_o thing_n he_o deceive_v himself_o he_o will_v without_o doubt_n say_v that_o they_o stay_v less_o on_o universal_a notion_n because_o they_o go_v to_o the_o particular_a difference_n of_o thing_n so_o that_o grosser_n spirit_n which_o can_v penetrate_v so_o far_o be_v force_v to_o stop_v at_o universal_a notion_n but_o indeed_o a_o man_n have_v need_n of_o less_o spirit_n to_o know_v commonalty_n and_o resemblance_n then_o to_o discern_v difference_n i_o confess_v it_o if_o a_o man_n know_v not_o the_o difference_n but_o he_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v need_n of_o more_o spirit_n to_o know_v community_n with_o the_o difference_n then_o if_o the_o community_n be_v unknown_a now_o the_o difference_n can_v be_v know_v unless_o we_o know_v the_o community_n he_o add_v beside_o that_o every_o time_n that_o our_o reason_n make_v a_o progress_n from_o a_o particular_a knowledge_n to_o a_o universal_a conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n be_v more_o confuse_a and_o more_o imperfect_a than_o the_o knowledge_n whence_o it_o be_v draw_v here_o be_v a_o new_a rule_n of_o logic_n which_o m._n c._n will_v introduce_v which_o never_o any_o thought_n before_o for_o it_o be_v a_o unknown_a thing_n in_o a_o syllogism_n to_o draw_v a_o universal_a conclusion_n from_o a_o particular_a knowledge_n and_o without_o doubt_n before_o he_o establish_v this_o maxim_n he_o must_v ruin_v that_o which_o teach_v that_o the_o conclusion_n ever_o follow_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o the_o antecedent_n proposition_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o of_o these_o particular_a or_o negative_a the_o conclusion_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o too_o i_o know_v a_o man_n may_v make_v enthymema's_n where_o the_o antecedent_n shall_v be_v particular_a and_o the_o conclusion_n universal_a but_o beside_o that_o this_o form_n be_v condemn_v as_o vicious_a there_o be_v ever_o a_o universal_a proposition_n or_o a_o induction_n which_o maintain_v the_o universality_n of_o the_o conclusion_n thus_o to_o say_v peter_n be_v reasonable_a then_o every_o man_n be_v reasonable_a this_o consequence_n must_v be_v ground_v on_o the_o induction_n which_o be_v make_v that_o peter_n john_n james_n etc._n etc._n be_v reasonable_a now_o this_o induction_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o universal_a proposition_n and_o therefore_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_v if_o the_o consequence_n be_v universal_a whether_o general_a knowledge_n be_v more_o confuse_v than_o the_o particular_a but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o we_o may_v draw_v these_o kind_n of_o consequence_n be_v it_o true_a that_o they_o be_v more_o confuse_v and_o more_o imperfect_a than_o the_o particular_a knowledge_n whence_o they_o be_v draw_v first_o as_o for_o confusion_n the_o distinction_n be_v here_o to_o be_v use_v which_o we_o at_o first_o propose_v and_o we_o must_v say_v that_o if_o we_o conceive_v in_o a_o universal_a conclusion_n the_o universality_n as_o a_o degree_n of_o essence_n which_o make_v part_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o particular_a thing_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o render_v the_o knowledge_n more_o confuse_v it_o render_v it_o more_o precise_a and_o distinct_a that_o if_o we_o conceive_v it_o as_o a_o whole_a i_o confess_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o part_n it_o comprehend_v it_o be_v more_o confuse_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o particular_a thing_n whence_o it_o be_v draw_v i_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v confuse_v since_o it_o contain_v all_o the_o distinction_n and_o evidence_n which_o this_o can_v have_v as_o for_o imperfection_n i_o never_o hear_v say_v that_o a_o demonstration_n who_o conclusion_n be_v ever_o universal_a shall_v be_v less_o perfect_a than_o a_o topick_n syllogism_n who_o conclusion_n be_v particular_a yes_o but_o it_o be_v more_o confuse_a be_v it_o true_a the_o confusion_n that_o accompany_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o knowledge_n import_v more_o perfection_n than_o the_o distinction_n which_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o particular_a knowledge_n yes_o but_o the_o conclusion_n be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o precedent_a knowledge_n what_o matter_n it_o there_o be_v effect_n who_o nature_n be_v as_o imperfect_a as_o that_o of_o their_o cause_n and_o the_o evidence_n of_o a_o conclusion_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o perfect_a as_o that_o of_o its_o antecedent_n otherwise_o science_n will_v not_o be_v place_v in_o the_o conclusion_n where_o it_o be_v common_o place_v after_o all_o i_o will_v have_v this_o conclusion_n less_o perfect_a the_o particular_a conclusion_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o general_a proposition_n must_v be_v less_o perfect_a than_o they_o be_v in_o this_o case_n m_o c._n will_v be_v deficient_a and_o i_o shall_v even_o have_v a_o advantage_n over_o he_o for_o the_o particular_a conclusion_n which_o he_o make_v upon_o i_o on_o universal_a one_o however_o it_o be_v i_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o dispute_n to_o be_v decide_v betwixt_o our_o divine_n and_o m.c._n and_o will_v advise_v he_o to_o think_v serious_o what_o he_o will_v answer_v they_o on_o the_o proposition_n they_o make_v that_o angel_n have_v idea_n and_o species_n more_o universal_a according_a as_o their_o nature_n be_v more_o perfect_a and_o that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o more_o elevate_a order_n for_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v philosopher_n which_o hold_v that_o universal_a knowledge_n be_v more_o excellent_a more_o evident_a in_o themselves_o and_o more_o conformable_a to_o the_o understanding_n and_o it_o be_v to_o profane_v they_o as_o plato_n say_v to_o bring_v they_o down_o to_o particular_a thing_n i_o know_v that_o m._n c._n will_v not_o believe_v in_o they_o the_o three_o reason_n import_v that_o its_o impossible_a to_o reason_n without_o make_v use_n of_o general_a term_n and_o without_o form_v universal_a notion_n and_o that_o therefore_o our_o reason_n have_v no_o advantage_n over_o that_o of_o beast_n and_o that_o in_o that_o point_n there_o can_v not_o be_v observe_v any_o essential_a difference_n there_o be_v no_o proposition_n in_o all_o this_o discourse_n but_o be_v false_a as_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o the_o 99_o 123_o etc._n etc._n page_n where_o i_o have_v show_v that_o general_a term_n lose_v their_o generality_n when_o they_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o pronoun_n demonstrative_a or_o with_o some_o such_o like_a restriction_n and_o that_o when_o logic_n require_v universal_a notion_n or_o proposition_n to_o discourse_n its_o intellectual_a logic_n and_o not_o that_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o imagination_n which_o have_v its_o rule_n apart_o which_o can_v form_v syllogism_n without_o employ_v any_o universal_a notion_n and_o which_o consequent_o may_v draw_v assure_v knowledge_n from_o particular_a proposition_n and_o without_o doubt_n have_v m._n c._n foresee_v the_o truth_n which_o i_o demonstrate_v in_o these_o place_n he_o will_v not_o have_v so_o light_o hazard_v to_o have_v say_v here_o that_o my_o mind_n be_v divert_v when_o i_o write_v that_o a_o man_n may_v draw_v a_o assure_a knowledge_n of_o proposition_n which_o be_v not_o particular_a that_o the_o maxim_n of_o logic_n teach_v the_o nullity_n of_o these_o consequence_n and_o that_o i_o will_v have_v say_v singular_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a syllogism_n which_o the_o school_n call_v expository_n which_o from_o singular_a proposition_n infer_v a_o singular_a conclusion_n let_v he_o therefore_o know_v that_o i_o have_v most_o serious_o think_v on_o what_o i_o say_v of_o these_o proposition_n and_o that_o i_o call_v they_o particular_n in_o the_o sense_n they_o ought_v and_o as_o they_o be_v common_o take_v in_o the_o school_n for_o when_o we_o oppose_v these_o proposition_n to_o those_o which_o be_v universal_a we_o under_o that_o word_n comprehend_v all_o proposition_n which_o be_v not_o universal_a whether_o particular_a or_o singular_a in_o effect_n be_v this_o syllogism_n propose_v to_o m.c._n some_o man_n be_v just_a peter_n be_v a_o man._n then_o peter_n be_v just_a with_o reason_n a_o man_n may_v say_v it_o be_v to_o blame_v because_o its_o all_o compose_v of_o particular_a proposition_n whence_o legitimate_o nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v yet_o at_o his_o reckon_n it_o will_v be_v find_v the_o first_o be_v only_o particular_a the_o second_o be_v singular_a it_o must_v also_o be_v that_o when_o we_o say_v that_o to_o form_v a_o argument_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n such_o a_o proposition_n must_v be_v particular_a it_o be_v not_o such_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v be_v singular_a term_n use_v and_o that_o so_o this_o syllogism_n will_v not_o be_v regular_a every_o man_n be_v reasonable_a peter_n be_v a_o man._n then_o peter_n be_v reasonable_a because_o therein_o be_v no_o particular_a proposition_n as_o m.c._n say_v i_o shall_v therefore_o advise_v he_o to_o take_v a_o review_n of_o his_o logic_n to_o learn_v not_o only_o that_o this_o word_n of_o particular_a aught_o often_o to_o be_v take_v for_o singular_a but_o a_o so_o that_o the_o expositive_a syllogism_n be_v more_o useful_a and_o more_o
quality_n of_o a_o mean_a and_o of_o itself_o serve_v as_o a_o end_n to_o the_o mean_v deliberate_v on_o the_o second_o reason_n m.c._n produce_v be_v that_o we_o often_o find_v occasion_n to_o deliberate_v when_o the_o only_a mean_n be_v dangerous_a and_o difficult_a to_o execute_v i_o have_v often_o seek_v in_o what_o this_o reason_n be_v different_a from_o the_o former_a and_o how_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o i_o to_o divine_v it_o i_o at_o last_o stop_v at_o this_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o printer_n fault_n who_o have_v let_v pass_v a_o new_a example_n to_o confirm_v m._n c_n proposition_n for_o a_o second_o reason_n he_o shall_v therefore_o have_v a_o care_n that_o so_o considerable_a a_o error_n in_o judgement_n may_v not_o be_v find_v in_o the_o next_o edition_n in_o the_o interim_n i_o have_v nothing_o to_o answer_v on_o this_o example_n but_o what_o i_o have_v say_v for_o the_o rest_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o attain_v a_o end_n but_o what_o appear_v difficult_a and_o dangerous_a if_o we_o must_v make_v use_n of_o it_o we_o do_v not_o deliberate_v we_o may_v reason_v on_o the_o difficulty_n and_o on_o other_o circumstance_n which_o accompany_v it_o but_o that_o be_v no_o deliberation_n unless_o on_o will_v seek_v mean_n to_o take_v away_o the_o difficulty_n and_o the_o danger_n in_o which_o case_n what_o be_v difficult_a and_o dangerous_a will_v in_o that_o respect_n pass_v for_o the_o end_n and_o no_o more_o as_o the_o mean_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o example_n here_o be_v what_o m.c._n add_v pag._n 113._o but_o when_o the_o connexion_n of_o a_o mean_n to_o a_o end_n be_v evident_a etc._n etc._n we_o fall_v to_o it_o without_o reason_v that_o be_v to_o say_v without_o consult_v whereupon_o i_o may_v say_v first_o that_o the_o but_o which_o begin_v this_o discourse_n be_v but_o a_o adversative_a particle_n as_o the_o grammarian_n say_v and_o which_o import_v a_o sense_n contrary_a to_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n be_v not_o in_o its_o place_n and_o produce_v not_o here_o the_o effect_n it_o ought_v because_o the_o difficulty_n and_o the_o danger_n which_o be_v find_v in_o a_o mean_n hinder_v not_o the_o connexion_n of_o that_o mean_n with_o its_o end_n from_o be_v certain_a and_o evident_a but_o as_o i_o will_v not_o make_v punctilio_n upon_o word_n in_o imitation_n of_o m._n c._n the_o thing_n he_o propose_v furnish_v matter_n enough_o without_o inquire_v into_o his_o manner_n of_o speak_v i_o answer_v that_o when_o the_o connexion_n of_o a_o mean_n and_o its_o end_n have_v all_o the_o condition_n he_o allege_v it_o carry_v one_o to_o it_o without_o consult_v so_o as_o it_o be_v a_o only_a mean_n for_o if_o there_o be_v divers_a who_o connexion_n be_v such_o as_o he_o say_v as_o it_o may_v often_o happen_v there_o will_v be_v a_o way_n to_o deliberate_v which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o evidence_n of_o the_o connexion_n will_v not_o hinder_v the_o deliberation_n so_o that_o the_o reason_n for_o which_o we_o consult_v not_o in_o the_o action_n propose_v by_o m._n c._n happen_v not_o from_o this_o evidence_n but_o from_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o way_n to_o attain_v the_o end_n and_o that_o there_o must_v be_v divers_a other_o to_o give_v we_o cause_n to_o deliberate_v so_o there_o be_v a_o great_a likelihood_n that_o m._n c._n be_v fall_v into_o this_o sophism_n a_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o say_v he_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o reason_n on_o a_o thing_n who_o conclusion_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o more_o conformable_a to_o our_o appetite_n then_o the_o proposition_n you_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o to_o what_o end_n be_v it_o by_o a_o middle_a to_o join_v a_o end_n and_o a_o mean_a who_o sequel_n be_v immediate_a and_o evident_a there_o be_v here_o many_o thing_n to_o be_v say_v 1._o if_o he_o take_v the_o word_n of_o reason_v for_o deliberate_v as_o he_o late_o do_v the_o consequence_n he_o dedu_v be_v vain_a for_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v and_o if_o he_o take_v it_o in_o general_a for_o all_o kind_n of_o discourse_n he_o change_v the_o hypothesis_n and_o from_o deliberation_n he_o make_v we_o pass_v to_o simple_a ratiocination_n however_o it_o be_v if_o he_o understand_v it_o in_o this_o latter_a way_n let_v he_o if_o he_o please_v remember_v how_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o mean_n enter_v into_o ratiocination_n for_o they_o only_o common_o pass_v for_o enthymema's_n shorten_v and_o new_a consequence_n add_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o we_o make_v for_o a_o principal_a action_n he_o may_v well_o see_v that_o the_o application_n of_o the_o mean_n to_o its_o end_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a nor_o so_o conformable_a to_o our_o appetite_n as_o the_o proposition_n be_v whence_o it_o be_v infer_v for_o the_o design_n to_o obtain_v the_o good_a wherein_o the_o end_n consist_v be_v the_o principle_n whence_o the_o necessity_n be_v draw_v to_o employ_v the_o mean_n for_o its_o search_n now_o the_o end_n be_v natural_o better_a know_v and_o more_o conformable_a to_o the_o appetite_n than_o the_o mean_n because_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o enter_v knowledge_n before_o they_o on_o the_o contrary_a m.c._n imagine_v that_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o we_o put_v in_o practice_n of_o mean_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o connexion_n they_o have_v with_o the_o end_n without_o consider_v that_o this_o connexion_n make_v but_o one_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principle_n whence_o the_o practical_a judgement_n be_v draw_v which_o be_v the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o ratiocination_n thus_o when_o we_o know_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v good_a and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o such_o mean_n we_o conclude_v that_o we_o must_v make_v use_n of_o such_o mean_n to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o conclusion_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o connexion_n of_o mean_n with_o the_o end_n which_o be_v comprise_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o the_o syllogism_n let_v not_o m._n c._n then_o ask_v we_o any_o more_o to_o what_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o join_v by_o a_o middle_a the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n who_o sequel_n be_v immediate_a and_o evident_a for_o we_o seek_v no_o a_o middle_a to_o join_v they_o together_o but_o to_o join_v they_o with_o operation_n and_o the_o connexion_n which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a by_o which_o we_o infer_v that_o we_o must_v use_v that_o mean_n to_o arrive_v at_o that_o end_n but_o beside_o he_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o mean_n which_o we_o use_v be_v know_v by_o the_o experience_n which_o we_o have_v former_o have_v of_o they_o and_o that_o in_o that_o case_n we_o make_v the_o same_o ratiocination_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v from_o instruction_n and_o from_o custom_n for_o we_o must_v unite_v the_o image_n of_o the_o thing_n present_v which_o we_o will_v use_v to_o attain_v the_o end_n with_o the_o image_n 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little_a knowledge_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o any_o of_o they_o daign_v serious_o to_o consider_v it_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o can_v never_o prevail_v with_o the_o multitude_n which_o greaten_v the_o party_n and_o neither_o he_o nor_o i_o ought_v to_o be_v overtake_v by_o those_o prejudicate_a opinion_n which_o have_v be_v receive_v without_o have_v be_v serious_o examine_v that_o we_o may_v not_o therefore_o fall_v into_o that_o neglect_n which_o he_o have_v just_o tax_v and_o not_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v preoccupy_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o other_o man_n we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o source_n of_o thing_n and_o see_v in_o the_o nature_n itself_o of_o ratiocination_n to_o what_o use_v it_o may_v have_v be_v destine_v
they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o she_o and_o that_o they_o cackle_v together_o and_o that_o afterward_o she_o only_o take_v the_o grain_n in_o her_o bill_n and_o so_o leave_v they_o without_o eat_v i_o will_v fain_o i_o say_v ask_v they_o whether_o they_o will_v acknowledge_v no_o discourse_n in_o all_o these_o proceed_n and_o whether_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o she_o call_v her_o chicken_n with_o a_o a_o design_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o come_v to_o show_v they_o their_o food_n and_o to_o nourish_v they_o and_o that_o they_o themselves_o understand_v the_o voice_n which_o summon_v they_o that_o they_o comprehend_v the_o thing_n which_o she_o signify_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o they_o hope_v to_o find_v the_o good_a she_o tell_v they_o of_o can_v all_o this_o be_v do_v without_o discourse_n and_o a_o man_n who_o will_v do_v such_o like_a thing_n will_v he_o not_o be_v think_v reasonable_a they_o will_v without_o doubt_n say_v that_o this_o may_v be_v true_a in_o the_o most_o perfect_a animal_n in_o who_o its_o likely_a nature_n have_v give_v a_o voice_n for_o the_o communication_n of_o their_o thought_n but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v deprive_v other_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n they_o have_v no_o need_n of_o that_o communication_n and_o consequent_o they_o have_v no_o reason_n since_o they_o can_v entertain_v themselves_o nor_o discourse_n together_o we_o ready_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v many_o which_o be_v dumb_a and_o which_o by_o the_o voice_n can_v make_v themselves_o understand_v but_o if_o nature_n can_v not_o give_v it_o they_o because_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o respire_v she_o have_v recompense_v they_o in_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v supply_v that_o defect_n the_o most_o part_n of_o infect_v and_o even_o some_o fish_n have_v they_o not_o a_o particular_a sound_n which_o they_o form_n by_o move_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n whereby_o they_o make_v those_o passion_n appear_v wherewith_o they_o be_v agitate_a when_o the_o grasshopper_n sing_v in_o fair_a weather_n do_v they_o not_o witness_v the_o pleasure_n they_o receive_v thereby_o when_o bee_n humh_o extraordinary_o in_o their_o hive_n be_v it_o not_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o division_n which_o be_v among_o they_o and_o that_o hum_a noise_n which_o they_o make_v be_v stop_v be_v it_o not_o a_o evident_a sign_n of_o their_o anger_n on_o the_o contrary_a whoever_o have_v tell_v they_o that_o these_o animal_n do_v not_o make_v themselves_o understand_v by_o their_o gesture_n and_o by_o their_o motion_n certain_o after_o the_o example_n which_o we_o have_v of_o other_o animal_n which_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o mean_n to_o discover_v their_o intention_n it_o be_v to_o be_v very_o bold_a to_o say_v that_o these_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o the_o same_o design_n but_o what_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o those_o which_o be_v ordinary_a not_o only_o in_o beast_n which_o live_v with_o we_o but_o even_o in_o man_n among_o who_o there_o be_v but_o few_o who_o have_v not_o some_o particular_a sign_n to_o make_v himself_o understand_v and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o divine_v it_o but_o after_o a_o long_a habit_n and_o shall_v we_o dare_v assure_v that_o animal_n who_o nature_n and_o life_n be_v so_o far_o from_o estrange_v from_o we_o shall_v have_v none_o at_o all_o no_o no_o most_o part_n live_v together_o and_o even_o some_o keep_n some_o form_n of_o policy_n and_o of_o a_o republic_n as_o the_o aunt_n they_o must_v communicate_v their_o design_n since_o it_o be_v the_o only_a bond_n which_o bind_v and_o preserve_v all_o society_n after_o all_o be_v it_o true_a that_o beast_n perform_v all_o their_o action_n by_o the_o only_a conduct_n of_o instinct_n without_o communicate_v their_o thought_n together_o what_o necessity_n will_v there_o be_v that_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o shall_v not_o reason_n may_v they_o not_o reason_n in_o themselves_o and_o a_o man_n who_o be_v all_o alone_a or_o deprive_v of_o the_o use_n of_o all_o the_o organ_n whereby_o he_o may_v make_v himself_o understand_v will_v he_o be_v for_o that_o deprive_v of_o reason_n i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n who_o will_v censure_v without_o passion_n what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v of_o the_o language_n of_o beast_n but_o will_v approve_v it_o and_o will_v not_o only_o wonder_v at_o the_o design_n m._n c._n have_v make_v to_o confute_v it_o but_o much_o more_o at_o those_o reason_n which_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o that_o purpose_n page_n 160._o for_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o a_o witty_a man_n as_o he_o be_v shall_v not_o have_v know_v that_o all_o those_o which_o he_o use_v be_v useless_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n and_o shake_v not_o any_o of_o my_o proof_n nor_o of_o my_o conclusion_n in_o effect_n all_o what_o he_o say_v be_v ground_v on_o the_o definition_n of_o human_a speech_n and_o on_o those_o design_n which_o the_o understanding_n form_n which_o be_v not_o here_o in_o question_n so_o that_o all_o the_o consequence_n he_o draw_v from_o these_o two_o principle_n must_v needs_o be_v vain_a and_o impertinent_a according_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o school_n and_o in_o defence_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o say_v that_o he_o suppose_v what_o he_o shall_v prove_v and_o touch_v not_o on_o the_o difficulty_n but_o because_o he_o be_v not_o of_o so_o easy_a a_o composition_n as_o i_o persuade_v myself_o as_o in_o this_o chapter_n he_o assure_v we_o and_o perhaps_o so_o short_a a_o answer_n can_v not_o make_v he_o comprehend_v the_o defect_n of_o his_o censure_n i_o shall_v explain_v myself_o along_o with_o he_o and_o examine_v all_o his_o proposition_n one_o after_o another_o but_o i_o will_v not_o stop_v at_o these_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o chapter_n where_o he_o have_v more_o labour_v the_o gentility_n than_o the_o solidity_n of_o thought_n and_o where_o he_o rather_o endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o beauty_n of_o his_o mind_n rather_o than_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o dispute_n for_o when_o he_o say_v that_o to_o persuade_v he_o that_o a_o beast_n reason_n the_o beast_n itself_o must_v tell_v he_o so_o i_o find_v that_o to_o be_v as_o pleasant_o and_o gallant_o imagine_v as_o he_o be_v weak_a to_o prove_v what_o he_o pretend_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o likelihood_n that_o he_o will_v believe_v a_o beast_n upon_o its_o bare_a word_n he_o particular_o who_o be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v persuade_v and_o will_v not_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v touch_v with_o so_o many_o important_a truth_n as_o have_v be_v propose_v to_o he_o for_o my_o part_n be_v i_o of_o his_o opinion_n shall_v all_o beast_n together_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o discourse_v i_o will_v not_o believe_v they_o neither_o shall_v they_o any_o more_o persuade_v it_o i_o than_o all_o the_o fool_n i_o know_v shall_v do_v they_o assure_v i_o they_o be_v wise_a but_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o m._n c._n in_o earnest_a thought_n to_o have_v thereby_o prove_v that_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n those_o also_o of_o china_n or_o malabare_n to_o persuade_v he_o that_o they_o be_v reasonable_a must_v tell_v it_o he_o themselves_o and_o he_o must_v needs_o fall_v into_o that_o inconvenience_n that_o until_o he_o can_v understand_v their_o language_n he_o must_v still_o be_v oblige_v to_o doubt_v of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o man_n will_v sufficient_o clear_v it_o since_o there_o have_v be_v beast_n discover_v which_o be_v so_o like_o man_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o difference_n as_o to_o the_o outward_a form_n after_o all_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o only_a answer_n to_o make_v hereupon_o that_o animal_n have_v often_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o have_v reason_n and_o if_o he_o understand_v they_o not_o it_o be_v his_o fault_n and_o none_o of_o they_o but_o say_v he_o they_o ought_v then_o to_o tell_v it_o he_o in_o the_o language_n of_o man_n and_o learn_v to_o speak_v as_o we_o do_v this_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o necessary_a why_o shall_v they_o be_v more_o oblige_v to_o learn_v the_o language_n of_o man_n than_o man_n be_v to_o learn_v they_o and_o ought_v not_o m._n c._n to_o have_v imagine_v that_o they_o may_v say_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o he_o as_o he_o do_v of_o they_o and_o that_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v whither_o he_o reason_n until_o they_o have_v learn_v his_o language_n and_o that_o he_o have_v assure_v they_o of_o it_o in_o the_o same_o term_n as_o they_o use_v among_o themselves_o he_o add_v that_o if_o they_o can_v learn_v to_o speak_v it_o come_v from_o no_o indisposition_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o organ_n as_o may_v be_v imagine_v for_o their_o organ_n differ_v
it_o suffer_v so_o that_o in_o general_a there_o be_v two_o inflexion_n or_o different_a articulation_n of_o the_o voice_n the_o one_o when_o it_o be_v hinder_v to_o enlarge_v itself_o and_o the_o other_o when_o it_o can_v run_v in_o a_o even_a thread_n the_o first_o be_v when_o come_v out_o of_o the_o throat_n where_o its_o principal_a organ_n be_v it_o come_v to_o encounter_v the_o mouth_n cavity_n which_o oblige_v it_o to_o restrain_v itself_o and_o in_o some_o manner_n to_o assume_v the_o figure_n it_o find_v in_o that_o part_n for_o according_a as_o the_o open_n be_v great_a or_o small_a round_a square_a or_o otherwise_o the_o voice_n conform_v itself_o to_o all_o these_o figure_n and_o take_v these_o different_a sound_n which_o be_v observable_a in_o the_o five_o vowel_n a_o e_o i_o o_o v._o now_o we_o need_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o there_o be_v therein_o a_o true_a articulation_n since_o there_o be_v a_o right_a inflexion_n the_o voice_n which_o seek_v to_o extend_v itself_o be_v in_o that_o straight_a which_o it_o be_v to_o pass_v force_v to_o lessen_v itself_o otherwise_o we_o must_v say_v that_o word_n compose_v of_o pure_a vowel_n be_v not_o articulate_v because_o they_o be_v not_o form_v by_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o articulation_n but_o that_o which_o we_o have_v here_o observe_v the_o second_o be_v when_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mouth_n oppose_v themselves_o to_o the_o voice_n and_o strike_v on_o it_o as_o they_o pass_v interrupt_v the_o equality_n of_o its_o course_n and_o force_v it_o to_o turn_v itself_o out_o of_o its_o right_a way_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o water_n which_o run_v through_o pebble_n and_o other_o such_o like_a obstacle_n and_o this_o interruption_n form_v all_o the_o consonant_n the_o voice_n render_v itself_o soft_a or_o dry_a sweet_a or_o sharp_a clear_a or_o obscure_a quick_a or_o slow_a according_a as_o the_o stroke_n be_v make_v and_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o in_o some_o manner_n imprint_v on_o it_o the_o quality_n it_o have_v but_o as_o there_o be_v part_n which_o cause_n a_o great_a hindrance_n to_o the_o voice_n some_o than_o other_o there_o be_v also_o consonant_n wherein_o articulation_n be_v more_o or_o less_o sensible_a which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v divide_v into_o mute_n demy-mutes_a and_o demy-vowel_n the_o great_a obstacle_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mute_n because_o the_o voice_n find_v the_o passage_n quite_o stop_v and_o that_o endeavour_v to_o get_v out_o it_o be_v oppress_v and_o as_o it_o be_v stifle_v it_o beat_v against_o the_o organ_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v now_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o tongue_n and_o the_o lip_n which_o may_v cause_v this_o hindrance_n because_o there_o be_v only_o those_o two_o part_n of_o the_o mouth_n which_o true_o move_v and_o who_o motion_n serve_v to_o form_v speech_n and_o as_o they_o strike_v the_o other_o part_n more_o strong_o or_o more_o soft_o they_o produce_v two_o sort_n of_o mute_n if_o it_o be_v by_o the_o lip_n the_o passage_n be_v stop_v the_o voice_n issue_v out_o form_n p_o or_o b._n if_o by_o the_o tongue_n either_o it_o be_v by_o its_o basis_n which_o strike_v the_o palate_n and_o bring_v forth_o c_o and_z g._n or_o it_o be_v by_o its_o point_n which_o strike_v against_o the_o tooth_n and_o make_v t_n and_o d._n among_o the_o demmute_n the_o passage_n be_v true_o stop_v as_o in_o the_o mute_n but_o the_o voice_n be_v not_o stifle_v as_o it_o be_v here_o because_o it_o engage_v not_o itself_o altogether_o betwixt_o the_o organ_n which_o resist_v it_o so_o that_o it_o return_v back_o and_o seek_v turn_n to_o fly_v out_o wherefore_o they_o be_v call_v liquid_n because_o they_o make_v a_o reflux_n and_o have_v a_o wave_a recourse_n like_o the_o water_n which_o return_v back_o to_o its_o source_n when_o it_o be_v stop_v when_o the_o voice_n be_v therefore_o hinder_v from_o go_v out_o of_o the_o lip_n which_o shut_v themselves_o and_o that_o it_o return_v towards_o the_o nostril_n it_o change_v itself_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o bellow_v which_o make_v m._n if_o the_o hindrance_n happen_v on_o the_o tongue_n which_o with_o its_o end_n strike_v on_o the_o roof_n then_o either_o the_o voice_n take_v the_o same_o tune_n back_o and_o produce_v n_n or_o else_o escape_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tongue_n in_o the_o to_o cavity_n of_o the_o cheek_n and_o form_n l._n to_o conclude_v in_o the_o demi-vowel_n the_o passage_n be_v not_o absolute_o shut_v as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o consonant_n but_o it_o be_v very_o much_o streighten_v so_o that_o the_o voice_n be_v constrain_v to_o fortify_v itself_o by_o a_o great_a breath_n the_o more_o easy_o to_o issue_v out_o of_o so_o straight_o a_o passage_n now_o the_o breath_n at_o its_o go_v out_o be_v press_v either_o by_o the_o tooth_n whence_o come_v s_n or_o by_o the_o tongue_n whereby_o it_o make_v r_n or_o by_o the_o lip_n which_o produce_v the_o consonant_n v_n or_o by_o the_o lip_n and_o tooth_n together_o which_o make_v f_o or_o by_o the_o tongue_n and_o foretooth_n which_o form_n the_o z_o or_o by_o it_o and_o the_o tooth_n which_o we_o call_v dog_n or_o eye_n tooth_n whence_o be_v the_o consonant_n j._n or_o again_o by_o it_o and_o the_o great_a tooth_n whence_o come_v the_o shin_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o our_o ch_z in_o french_a to_o which_o we_o hitherto_o have_v give_v no_o simple_a character_n all_o this_o will_v require_v a_o long_a examen_fw-la then_o we_o can_v here_o afford_v it_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o our_o design_n to_o know_v that_o the_o voice_n be_v therein_o articulate_a because_o it_o suffer_v inflexion_n and_o that_o it_o sensible_o turn_v and_o bind_v itself_o yet_o we_o must_v confess_v that_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o articulation_n which_o be_v in_o the_o vowel_n and_o consonant_n be_v simple_a and_o that_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o which_o be_v compose_v of_o they_o they_o be_v neither_o so_o evident_a nor_o so_o perfect_a and_o as_o common_o the_o most_o accomplish_a thing_n carry_v away_o and_o reserve_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o gender_n although_o in_o effect_n it_o appertain_v to_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o also_o happen_v that_o the_o most_o compose_a voice_n and_o where_o there_o be_v most_o articulation_n be_v for_o their_o excellency_n call_v articulate_v the_o simple_a and_o the_o less_o compose_a being_n not_o place_v in_o that_o rank_n although_o true_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n and_o thence_o it_o come_v that_o in_o comparison_n of_o humane_a speech_n which_o be_v without_o doubt_v the_o most_o diversify_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o inflexion_n and_o motion_n there_o be_v none_o but_o that_o to_o who_o the_o common_a use_n of_o tongue_n will_v give_v the_o name_n of_o articulate_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v so_o little_a to_o its_o proportion_n that_o unto_o it_o they_o always_o seem_v as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o so_o at_o all_o but_o philosophy_n and_o truth_n which_o do_v not_o subject_v themselves_o to_o so_o extravagant_a and_o unequitable_a a_o judge_n and_o which_o preserve_v the_o name_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o nature_n acknowledge_v that_o all_o voice_n which_o have_v a_o inflexion_n be_v articulate_v and_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v so_o so_o that_o on_o this_o ground_n to_o take_v away_o those_o doubt_n which_o be_v propose_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n for_o the_o vowel_n and_o consonant_n be_v not_o call_v element_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o compose_a word_n and_o not_o of_o speech_n in_o general_a every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o word_n which_o have_v no_o element_n and_o be_v indivisible_a even_o as_o when_o we_o exclude_v out_o of_o the_o rank_n of_o articulate_a voice_n groan_n exclamation_n whistling_n and_o the_o like_a it_o be_v by_o comparison_n with_o speech_n which_o be_v diversify_v by_o divers_a syllable_n and_o be_v use_v in_o the_o common_a commerce_n of_o man_n for_o those_o be_v true_a articulate_a voice_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a vowel_n or_o redouble_v or_o continue_a demi_a vowel_n but_o which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o so_o as_o the_o word_n which_o enter_v into_o our_o language_n wherein_o the_o consonant_n and_o vowel_n be_v diverse_o mix_v together_o and_o make_v a_o many_o different_a articulation_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v that_o all_o the_o essence_n of_o articulation_n consist_v in_o the_o only_a inflexion_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v exterior_a and_o strange_a to_o it_o for_o although_o it_o be_v destine_v to_o express_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v its_o end_n and_o not_o its_o essence_n the_o end_n nor_o the_o efficient_a cause_n never_o enter_v
according_a to_o the_o cry_v they_o make_v when_o they_o be_v agitate_a with_o some_o vehement_a passion_n m.c._n be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o trouble_n they_o cause_n precipitate_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o often_o pervert_v and_o corrupt_v they_o he_o know_v that_o speech_n which_o be_v destine_v for_o society_n escape_v those_o who_o be_v alone_o when_o they_o suffer_v any_o great_a motion_n of_o joy_n or_o displeasure_n that_o a_o man_n in_o anger_n revenge_v himself_o untimely_a and_o strike_v without_o cause_n who_o he_o first_o meet_v that_o violent_a desire_n cause_v the_o mouth_n to_o water_n when_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o a_o hundred_o such_o like_a example_n which_o all_o the_o passion_n furnish_v without_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o groan_n of_o a_o dog_n when_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o a_o strong_a grief_n or_o when_o he_o will_v enter_v into_o a_o chamber_n which_o be_v shut_v in_o the_o first_o he_o scarce_o know_v why_o he_o complain_v but_o in_o the_o other_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v let_v in_o and_o undoubted_o he_o think_v to_o call_v some_o one_o to_o let_v he_o in_o for_o we_o do_v not_o say_v as_o m.c._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v p._n 166._o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o address_v his_o voice_n to_o other_o dog_n to_o open_v it_o to_o he_o because_o he_o have_v no_o experience_n that_o dog_v open_a door_n but_o that_o it_o be_v man_n which_o open_v they_o to_o clear_v this_o truth_n i_o will_v counsel_v he_o to_o come_v to_o paris_n to_o consult_v with_o famous_a montdory_n cat_n which_o be_v so_o discreet_a that_o she_o never_o mean_v to_o come_v into_o the_o chamber_n when_o she_o find_v it_o shut_v she_o only_o draw_v a_o little_a bell_n which_o hang_v at_o the_o door_n and_o if_o at_o first_o sound_v they_o come_v not_o and_o open_v it_o she_o redouble_v it_o until_o she_o be_v let_v in_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o after_o have_v know_v that_o no_o body_n trouble_v themselves_o to_o teach_v she_o to_o draw_v the_o bell_n and_o that_o of_o itself_o this_o wise_a beast_n do_v learn_v to_o imitate_v those_o person_n which_o she_o have_v see_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o say_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v judge_v either_o that_o the_o cat_n itself_o will_v answer_v he_o if_o he_o will_v interrogate_v she_o thereupon_o that_o she_o have_v no_o design_n to_o call_v other_o cat_n to_o open_v she_o the_o door_n but_o those_o person_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v it_o after_o all_o shall_v a_o dog_n or_o a_o cat_n address_v its_o voice_n to_o other_o creature_n as_o in_o several_a encounter_n without_o doubt_n it_o may_v and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o its_o aid_n as_o m._n c._n say_v what_o consequence_n can_v he_o draw_v from_o thence_o but_o that_o it_o be_v deceive_v in_o its_o design_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o many_o who_o unprofitable_o demand_v succour_n from_o those_o who_o either_o can_v or_o will_v not_o give_v it_o they_o this_o be_v all_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o what_o m.c._n propose_v concern_v the_o language_n of_o beast_n and_o which_o will_v also_o serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o what_o he_o object_n against_o the_o other_o action_n which_o they_o perform_v to_o make_v their_o thought_n know_v for_o confess_v that_o the_o gesture_n the_o mind_n and_o the_o look_n do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o voice_n he_o say_v as_o before_o that_o it_o be_v without_o design_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o passion_n of_o which_o reason_n and_o design_n do_v not_o participate_v but_o it_o be_v easy_a thereby_o to_o see_v that_o he_o confound_v the_o design_n of_o the_o understanding_n with_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v send_v he_o back_o to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o answer_v since_o beast_n speak_v they_o must_v needs_o reason_n after_o all_o these_o proof_n which_o evident_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o beast_n communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o speak_v together_o have_v we_o not_o reason_n from_o thence_o to_o infer_v that_o they_o do_v reason_n not_o only_o because_o m._n c._n find_v this_o consequence_n necessary_a but_o also_o because_o they_o can_v make_v their_o intention_n know_v to_o demand_n help_v the_o one_o of_o another_o with_o out_o form_v a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n see_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o several_a judgement_n to_o be_v make_v in_o these_o encounter_n so_o many_o progress_v which_o the_o soul_n make_v from_o cause_n to_o their_o effect_n from_o sign_n to_o thing_n signify_v and_o from_o good_n and_o evil_n present_v to_o those_o which_o be_v past_a and_o to_o come_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o we_o must_v find_v it_o in_o the_o form_n and_o contexture_n of_o discourse_n all_o what_o m._n c._n oppose_v hereunto_o be_v that_o he_o have_v show_v how_o beast_n communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o how_o this_o communication_n may_v be_v make_v without_o ratiocination_n but_o if_o my_o memory_n be_v good_a all_o his_o proof_n reduce_v itself_o into_o two_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v destroy_v the_o one_o that_o they_o have_v no_o speech_n and_o the_o other_o that_o they_o have_v no_o design_n or_o intention_n to_o make_v know_v their_o thought_n in_o a_o word_n we_o have_v prove_v the_o contrary_a and_o consequent_o according_a to_o m._n c_n maxim_n have_v we_o no_o other_o mark_n of_o their_o ratiocination_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o they_o reason_n since_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o speak_v as_o for_o the_o example_n which_o we_o produce_v of_o a_o hen_n which_o call_v her_o chicken_n to_o impart_v unto_o they_o the_o grain_n she_o have_v find_v and_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o she_o have_v a_o design_n to_o make_v they_o come_v to_o show_v they_o their_o food_n and_o to_o nourish_v they_o and_o that_o they_o also_o must_v understand_v the_o voice_n which_o summon_v they_o comprehend_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v signify_v by_o it_o and_o hope_v for_o the_o good_a which_o it_o announce_v he_o answer_v only_o that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o instinct_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o take_v away_o the_o difficulty_n the_o question_n be_v to_o know_v whether_o all_o these_o action_n be_v do_v with_o knowledge_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o ratiocination_n since_o so_o many_o progress_v of_o one_o knowledge_n to_o another_o can_v be_v without_o discourse_n and_o it_o matter_n not_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o instinct_n for_o as_o fear_v which_o come_v from_o instinct_n be_v a_o true_a fear_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o species_n as_o be_v that_o which_o come_v from_o elsewhere_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o precede_v the_o instinct_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o true_a ratiocination_n and_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o other_o now_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v contest_v but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o knowledge_n in_o all_o the_o action_n which_o the_o hen_n and_o chicken_n do_v in_o the_o example_n we_o bring_v design_n and_o intention_n be_v therein_o as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v the_o intention_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n which_o tend_v towards_o good_a &_o that_o the_o hen_n and_o chicken_n will_v do_v the_o thing_n they_o do_v and_o consequent_o form_v the_o design_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n which_o tend_v towards_o the_o good_a the_o design_n because_o it_o be_v a_o proposition_n which_o the_o faculty_n make_v to_o execute_v what_o it_o find_v useful_a which_o ever_o go_v before_o the_o intention_n and_o which_o consequent_o precede_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o hen_n and_o of_o the_o chicken_n they_o agitate_v they_o with_o knowledge_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o conceive_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o judge_v good_a and_o that_o they_o from_o thence_o draw_v those_o consequence_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o difference_n which_o the_o instinct_n bring_v thereunto_o be_v that_o the_o sense_n furnish_v they_o not_o with_o all_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o know_v and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o knowledge_n must_v come_v from_o elsewhere_o but_o whence_o soever_o they_o come_v they_o form_n image_n thereof_o and_o afterward_o unite_v they_o together_o wherein_o all_o knowledge_n consist_v and_o be_v there_o any_o exterior_a thing_n intervening_a among_o these_o action_n it_o will_v be_v as_o a_o help_n and_o not_o as_o a_o principle_n because_o they_o be_v vital_a action_n who_o faculty_n which_o be_v bear_v with_o the_o animal_n be_v the_o first_o and_o last_o cause_n but_o we_o shall_v more_o careful_o examine_v this_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o instinct_n
let_v we_o then_o conclude_v and_o say_v with_o m._n c._n that_o as_o reason_n be_v but_o a_o internal_a word_n external_a speech_n be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o and_o if_o nature_n have_v give_v to_o animal_n internal_a speech_n she_o must_v also_o have_v give_v they_o external_a speech_n but_o yet_o since_o external_a speech_n be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o internal_a it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o if_o nature_n have_v give_v they_o external_a speech_n she_o must_v also_o have_v give_v they_o internal_a speech_n which_o be_v reason_n now_o animal_n have_v the_o thought_n as_o m.c._n confess_v and_o thought_n be_v nothing_o but_o internal_a speech_n as_o all_o our_o master_n consent_n and_o therefore_o animal_n have_v reason_n since_o reason_n as_o m_n c._n say_v be_v but_o a_o internal_a speech_n beside_o since_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o they_o have_v external_a speech_n it_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o be_v inseparable_a from_o internal_a speech_n of_o necessity_n they_o must_v have_v reason_n yet_o do_v not_o i_o ground_n on_o this_o all_o this_o ratiocination_n and_o have_v only_o produce_v it_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o m.c._n have_v as_o weak_o establish_v his_o own_o opinion_n as_o he_o have_v destroy_v that_o of_o another_o man_n for_o to_o show_v you_o that_o beast_n do_v not_o speak_v he_o make_v use_v of_o a_o paralogism_n which_o may_v be_v retort_v against_o he_o and_o prove_v quite_o the_o contrary_a to_o what_o he_o pretend_v it_o be_v true_a that_o reason_n be_v a_o internal_a speech_n but_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o all_o internal_a speech_n be_v reason_n and_o have_v no_o beast_n reason_n it_o will_v not_o follow_v they_o may_v not_o have_v external_a speech_n because_o external_a speech_n express_v as_o well_o simple_a as_o compose_v thought_n but_o i_o shall_v say_v further_o that_o although_o they_o have_v the_o internal_a speech_n it_o be_v no_o consequence_n that_o they_o must_v have_v the_o external_a speech_n since_o there_o be_v animal_n which_o be_v dumb_a which_o forbear_v not_o to_o have_v internal_a speech_n thus_o internal_a speech_n be_v not_o inseparable_a from_o external_a as_o he_o say_v thus_o the_o consequence_n which_o he_o draw_v from_o so_o ill_a a_o ratiocination_n can_v but_o be_v very_o ill_a beast_n which_o run_v to_o the_o cry_n of_o other_o know_v it_o to_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o call_v they_o the_o example_n he_o produce_v in_o pursuit_n to_o prove_v that_o when_o beast_n run_v to_o the_o cry_n of_o other_o they_o know_v not_o that_o this_o cry_n be_v a_o mean_n or_o that_o it_o be_v use_v to_o call_v they_o these_o example_n i_o say_v do_v not_o conclude_v better_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o reason_n for_o beside_o that_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o another_o gender_n of_o thing_n than_o those_o we_o speak_v of_o and_o which_o consequent_o can_v decide_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n some_o do_v suppose_v that_o judgement_n and_o ratiocination_n can_v be_v make_v without_o time_n which_o we_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v be_v not_o always_o necessary_a and_o from_o the_o rest_n we_o can_v infer_v nothing_o but_o that_o the_o judgement_n and_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o understanding_n concur_v not_o to_o the_o action_n of_o beast_n which_o be_v a_o useless_a and_o ridiculous_a consequence_n since_o all_o the_o world_n know_v that_o they_o want_v understanding_n in_o effect_n the_o first_o example_n be_v of_o a_o man_n who_o go_v to_o see_v his_o friend_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o laugh_v with_o he_o find_v his_o eye_n in_o fire_n and_o his_o face_n awry_o for_o this_o sight_n surprise_v and_o stop_v they_o before_o he_o have_v time_n to_o discourse_n and_o so_o much_o as_o to_o judge_v that_o he_o be_v in_o wrath_n but_o he_o presuppose_v as_o we_o have_v say_v that_o such_o a_o man_n must_v have_v time_n to_o judge_v and_o to_o reason_n which_o be_v nothing_o necessary_a for_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n he_o see_v the_o mark_n of_o anger_n he_o may_v judge_v and_o conclude_v that_o his_o friend_n be_v angry_a indeed_o he_o may_v doubt_v whether_o those_o mark_n proceed_v from_o that_o passion_n and_o so_o may_v suspend_v his_o judgement_n but_o it_o will_v still_o be_v true_a that_o he_o reason_v forasmuch_o as_o to_o doubt_v a_o man_n must_v reason_v and_o have_v reason_n on_o both_o side_n which_o must_v hold_v the_o mind_n in_o suspense_n the_o second_o be_v of_o those_o who_o know_v the_o sweetness_n of_o some_o person_n mind_n forbear_v not_o when_o they_o accost_v they_o to_o resent_v some_o straint_n which_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o countenance_n cause_v for_o say_v he_o this_o constraint_n be_v not_o a_o effect_n of_o their_o judgement_n no_o more_o than_o the_o respect_n which_o at_o first_o we_o have_v for_o a_o man_n of_o a_o good_a mind_n or_o well_o apparel_v although_o we_o know_v that_o his_o inside_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o his_o appearance_n nor_o to_o his_o clothes_n it_o be_v not_o indeed_o the_o understanding_n which_o judge_v and_o conclude_v upon_o the_o occasion_n it_o be_v the_o imagination_n which_o let_v itself_o be_v win_v by_o appearance_n and_o thereby_o judge_v of_o thing_n for_o since_o that_o see_v a_o man_n of_o a_o good_a mind_n we_o find_v ourselves_o as_o it_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v civil_a to_o he_o it_o be_v a_o consequence_n draw_v from_o what_o appear_v to_o our_o eye_n now_o it_o be_v not_o the_o understanding_n which_o judge_v so_o as_o m._n c._n will_v have_v it_o it_o must_v needs_o therefore_o be_v the_o imagination_n so_o that_o this_o example_n serve_v for_o nothing_o but_o to_o show_v that_o beast_n perform_v aim_n which_o the_o understanding_n do_v not_o contribute_v unto_o because_o it_o exclude_v not_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o imagination_n but_o only_o that_o of_o the_o superior_a part_n which_o be_v not_o here_o in_o question_n the_o three_o be_v of_o a_o child_n which_o cry_v when_o the_o nurse_n show_v it_o a_o sour_a look_n without_o judge_v thereby_o that_o she_o be_v in_o a_o ill_a humour_n and_o threaten_v it_o its_o sufficient_a that_o the_o gesture_n be_v extraordinary_a and_o that_o all_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a astonish_v the_o imagination_n and_o anger_v it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a thus_o crude_o and_o indigent_o to_o advance_v thing_n he_o shall_v prove_v that_o this_o child_n make_v no_o judgement_n for_o i_o hold_v absolute_o the_o contrary_a for_o that_o he_o can_v cry_v without_o resent_v the_o motion_n of_o some_o angry_a passion_n and_o that_o passion_n never_o form_v itself_o but_o the_o soul_n must_v have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o object_n which_o excite_v it_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o whether_o she_o imagine_v it_o to_o be_v so_o and_o in_o pursuit_n that_o she_o do_v not_o the_o action_n with_o the_o circumstance_n we_o have_v observe_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o work_n which_o she_o can_v never_o do_v without_o reason_v as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o those_o place_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o child_n which_o cry_n must_v not_o only_o make_v judgement_n but_o also_o must_v needs_o reason_n for_o although_o m.c._n say_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o nurse_n gesture_n be_v extraordinary_a to_o this_o child_n and_o that_o all_o what_o be_v extraordinary_a astonish_v the_o imagination_n and_o anger_v it_o i_o shall_v confess_v although_o this_o require_v a_o restriction_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o be_v extraordinary_a to_o child_n which_o anger_v they_o not_o but_o this_o be_v to_o fall_v again_o on_o the_o same_o difficulty_n because_o there_o extraordinary_a thing_n anger_v not_o the_o imagination_n but_o that_o she_o must_v make_v a_o ratiocination_n as_o elsewhere_o we_o have_v declare_v and_o this_o answer_v aught_o to_o serve_v to_o what_o he_o have_v add_v p._n 171._o that_o the_o passion_n be_v contagious_a than_o there_o need_v but_o one_o sad_a person_n in_o a_o company_n to_o make_v they_o all_o of_o the_o same_o humour_n and_o that_o as_o joy_n make_v a_o man_n sing_v and_o dance_v without_o design_n so_o also_o sing_v and_o dance_v make_v a_o man_n rejoice_v for_o say_v he_o that_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v without_o discourse_n and_o without_o ratiocination_n that_o all_o troublesome_a or_o please_a object_n move_v the_o appetite_n without_o the_o intention_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o that_o we_o make_v little_a child_n laugh_v when_o they_o laugh_v that_o sigh_n and_o groan_n and_o even_o musical_a tune_n make_v such_o a_o impression_n on_o our_o mind_n that_o to_o conclude_v we_o make_v child_n and_o even_a man_n themselves_o turn_v their_o head_n when_o they_o be_v call_v before_o those_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n or_o those_o the_o time_n to_o reason_n and_o often_o even_o against_o