Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n effect_n good_a reason_n 2,537 5 5.2979 4 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A70499 The art of speaking written in French by Messieurs du Port Royal in pursuance of a former treatise intituled, The art of thinking ; rendred into English.; Art de parler. English Lamy, Bernard, 1640-1715.; Arnauld, Antoine, 1612-1694.; Brulart, Fabio, 1655-1714.; Lamy, François, 1636-1711.; Nicole, Pierre, 1625-1695. 1676 (1676) Wing L307A; ESTC R1142 142,874 456

There are 6 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

must_v make_v use_n of_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o write_v and_o that_o as_o every_o thing_n require_v convenient_a word_n so_o a_o entire_a subject_n require_v a_o style_n that_o may_v be_v proportionable_a to_o it_o the_o rule_n we_o have_v give_v for_o elocution_n regard_v no_o far_o than_o if_o we_o may_v so_o say_v the_o member_n of_o discourse_n that_o of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v relate_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n style_n in_o its_o primitive_a signification_n be_v take_v for_o a_o kind_n of_o bodkin_n wherewith_o the_o ancient_n write_v upon_o bark_n and_o little_a table_n cover_v with_o wax_n to_o say_v who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o such_o a_o write_n we_o say_v it_o be_v such_o a_o man_n hand_n whereas_o the_o ancient_n say_v it_o be_v such_o a_o man_n style_n in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o word_n style_n come_v to_o be_v apply_v only_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o express_v when_o we_o say_v such_o a_o discourse_n be_v cicero_n style_n we_o intend_v cicero_n use_v to_o express_v himself_o in_o that_o manner_n before_o i_o determine_v with_o what_o style_n we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o common_a discourse_n what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o style_n of_o a_o orator_n a_o historian_n or_o poet_n who_o will_v delight_v or_o instruct_v i_o think_v it_o not_o impertinent_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o different_a expression_n wherewith_o several_a author_n express_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o language_n and_o who_o writing_n on_o the_o same_o subject_n endeavour_v the_o same_o style_n some_o be_v diffuse_v and_o though_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v succinct_a half_a their_o word_n may_v be_v retrench_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o sense_n other_o be_v dry_a flat_a barren_a and_o what_o effort_n soever_o they_o may_v make_v to_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v thing_n they_o leave_v they_o half-naked_n the_o style_n of_o some_o be_v strong_a in_o other_o it_o be_v weak_a and_o languish_a in_o some_o it_o be_v rugged_a in_o other_o it_o be_v smooth_a in_o a_o word_n as_o face_n be_v different_a so_o be_v the_o way_n of_o write_v and_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n of_o which_o we_o be_v go_v to_o inquire_v ii_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o style_n depend_v upon_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o imagination_n memory_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o writer_n when_o the_o outward_a object_n strike_v upon_o our_o sense_n the_o motion_n it_o make_v be_v communicate_v by_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o brain_n who_o substance_n be_v soft_a receive_v thereby_o certain_a print_n and_o impression_n the_o alliance_n or_o connexion_n betwixt_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o idea_n of_o corporal_a thing_n be_v annex_v to_o these_o print_n so_o that_o when_o the_o print_n of_o a_o object_n for_o example_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v imprint_v in_o the_o brain_n the_o idea_n of_o the_o sun_n present_v itself_o to_o the_o mind_n and_o as_o oft_o as_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v present_v to_o the_o mind_n the_o impression_n cause_v by_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n begin_v to_o open_v and_o dilate_v we_o may_v call_v those_o print_n the_o image_n of_o the_o object_n the_o power_n the_o soul_n have_v to_o form_n upon_o the_o brain_n the_o image_n of_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v perceive_v be_v call_v imagination_n which_o word_n signify_v both_o that_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o image_n that_o it_o form_n the_o quality_n of_o a_o good_a imagination_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o well-speaking_a for_o discourse_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o copy_n of_o those_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v form_v before_o by_o the_o soul_n if_o the_o original_a be_v confuse_v the_o copy_n must_v be_v so_o also_o if_o the_o original_a be_v not_o the_o copy_n can_v be_v like_a the_o form_n the_o clearness_n the_o good_a order_n of_o our_o idea_n depend_v upon_o the_o clearness_n and_o distinction_n of_o the_o impression_n which_o the_o object_n make_v upon_o our_o brain_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o style_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o imagination_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n have_v not_o the_o same_o quality_n in_o all_o head_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o to_o wonder_v if_o the_o way_n of_o speak_v be_v different_a in_o each_o author_n word_n read_v or_o hear_v leave_v their_o impression_n in_o the_o brain_n as_o well_o as_o other_o object_n so_o as_o we_o common_o think_v of_o word_n and_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o impression_n of_o word_n and_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v open_v in_o company_n at_o several_a time_n be_v link_v together_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o thing_n represent_v themselves_o to_o the_o mind_n with_o their_o name_n when_o this_o fall_v out_o we_o say_v the_o memory_n be_v happy_a and_o its_o felicity_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o easiness_n wherewith_o the_o print_n of_o word_n and_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o they_o be_v link_v do_v open_a themselves_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n follow_v the_o thought_n we_o have_v of_o it_o when_o the_o memory_n be_v unfaithful_a in_o represent_v the_o proper_a term_n of_o the_o thing_n commit_v to_o it_o we_o can_v speak_v just_o we_o be_v force_v either_o to_o say_v nothing_o or_o make_v use_n of_o the_o first_o word_n that_o occur_v though_o perhaps_o they_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o express_v what_o we_o will_v say_v happy_a and_o just_a expression_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o good_a memory_n in_o short_a it_o be_v manifest_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n observe_v among_o all_o author_n discourse_n be_v the_o image_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o show_v our_o humour_n and_o inclination_n in_o our_o word_n before_o we_o think_v of_o it_o the_o mind_n then_o be_v different_a what_o wonder_v if_o the_o style_n of_o every_o author_n have_v a_o character_n that_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o though_o all_o use_v the_o same_o term_n and_o expression_n in_o the_o same_o language_n iii_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a imagination_n a_o good_a imagination_n contribute_v particular_o to_o the_o clearness_n and_o facility_n of_o discourse_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o speak_v of_o thing_n that_o we_o see_v their_o presence_n guide_v and_o regulate_v our_o discourse_n but_o imagination_n supply_v we_o with_o thing_n a_o man_n who_o imagination_n be_v easy_a represent_v to_o himself_o whatever_o he_o be_v to_o say_v he_o see_v clear_o before_o the_o eye_n of_o his_o mind_n so_o that_o express_v by_o his_o word_n the_o thing_n as_o present_v to_o he_o his_o discourse_n be_v clear_a and_o the_o thing_n do_v range_v and_o take_v their_o place_n of_o themselves_o in_o his_o discourse_n in_o the_o imagination_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v material_a the_o second_o spiritual_a the_o material_a be_v the_o print_v cause_v by_o the_o impression_n the_o object_n make_v upon_o the_o sense_n the_o spiritual_a be_v the_o perception_n or_o knowledge_n the_o soul_n have_v of_o these_o print_n and_o the_o power_n we_o have_v to_o renew_v or_o open_v they_o when_o once_o they_o be_v make_v we_o shall_v inquire_v here_o only_o into_o the_o material_a part_n i_o can_v explain_v exact_o these_o print_n without_o engage_v myself_o in_o philosophical_a disquisition_n remote_a from_o my_o subject_n i_o shall_v only_o say_v these_o print_n be_v make_v by_o the_o animal_n spirit_n which_o be_v the_o pure_a and_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n fly_v up_o like_o a_o vapour_n from_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o brain_n these_o spirit_n be_v uncertain_a in_o their_o course_n when_o a_o nerve_n be_v stretch_v they_o follow_v its_o motion_n and_o by_o their_o current_n they_o draw_v several_a figure_n in_o the_o brain_n according_a as_o the_o nerve_n be_v different_o stretch_v or_o contract_v but_o which_o way_n soever_o these_o figure_n be_v make_v it_o be_v plain_a the_o clearness_n of_o the_o imagination_n depend_v upon_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n iv._o the_o quality_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o good_a imagination_n have_v draw_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n leave_v no_o print_n because_o they_o be_v immediate_o fill_v up_o figure_n engrave_v upon_o marble_n be_v seldom_o perfect_a because_o the_o hardness_n of_o the_o matter_n give_v too_o much_o resistance_n to_o the_o chissel_n this_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n ought_v to_o have_v certain_a quality_n without_o which_o it_o
agitate_v the_o mind_n of_o those_o to_o who_o we_o speak_v if_o these_o instrument_n be_v manage_v by_o a_o unjust_a passion_n figure_n in_o that_o man_n mouth_n be_v like_o a_o sword_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o mad_a man._n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a by_o false_a accusation_n to_o blacken_v every_o man_n against_o who_o we_o speak_v nor_o to_o show_v our_o eloquence_n be_v it_o necessary_a to_o employ_v against_o he_o the_o same_o figure_n we_o will_v use_v to_o dispose_v a_o judge_n to_o the_o condemnation_n of_o a_o wicked_a and_o abominable_a person_n orator_n with_o who_o this_o fault_n be_v familiar_a do_v seldom_o deceive_v twice_o their_o exclamation_n be_v quick_o understand_v and_o it_o happen_v to_o they_o as_o to_o those_o who_o have_v use_v to_o counterfeit_v themselves_o sick_a when_o they_o be_v sick_a indeed_o no_o body_n believe_v they_o quaere_fw-la peregrinum_fw-la vicinia_fw-la rauca_fw-la reclamat_fw-la this_o fault_n in_o some_o person_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o cunning_a in_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o levity_n and_o extravagance_n when_o we_o delight_v in_o combat_v the_o truth_n when_o we_o desire_v not_o to_o satisfy_v our_o hearer_n but_o choose_v rather_o to_o trouble_v their_o mind_n with_o the_o cloud_n of_o some_o unjust_a passion_n that_o may_v intercept_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o truth_n the_o figure_n employ_v in_o that_o case_n may_v be_v call_v figure_n of_o craft_n but_o orator_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v accuse_v of_o this_o cunning_a sometime_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v the_o impression_n which_o their_o figure_n may_v make_v their_o design_n not_o be_v so_o much_o to_o persuade_v as_o to_o show_v their_o eloquence_n and_o to_o do_v that_o they_o will_v put_v themselves_o into_o a_o heat_n and_o make_v use_n of_o the_o strong_a figure_n in_o rhetoric_n when_o perhaps_o they_o have_v no_o enemy_n to_o combat_v like_o a_o mad_a man_n who_o draw_v his_o sword_n upon_o a_o phantasm_n that_o his_o own_o trouble_a imagination_n have_v represent_v in_o the_o air._n these_o be_v orator_n that_o fall_v many_o time_n into_o rapture_n and_o enthusiasm_n which_o take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o their_o reason_n and_o make_v they_o see_v thing_n in_o a_o quite_o contrary_a manner_n to_o what_o in_o reality_n they_o be_v et_fw-fr solemn_a geminum_fw-la &_o duplices_fw-la se_fw-la ostendere_fw-la thebas_n this_o fault_n be_v the_o character_n of_o a_o infant_n that_o be_v angry_a without_o a_o cause_n yet_o many_o learned_a and_o eminent_a writer_n be_v guilty_a of_o it_o as_o believe_v they_o can_v not_o pass_v for_o eloquent_a without_o these_o kind_n of_o figure_n for_o this_o reason_n they_o will_v talk_v loud_o upon_o all_o occasion_n deprave_v their_o own_o judgement_n and_o look_v upon_o every_o thing_n quite_o otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v whereas_o they_o shall_v rather_o reflect_v sober_o upon_o whatever_o be_v represent_v and_o speak_v only_o by_o sentence_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o ridiculous_a be_v that_o these_o ill_a orator_n endeavour_v only_o to_o please_v and_o tickle_v their_o auditory_a not_o concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o least_o to_o overcome_v or_o convince_v their_o adversary_n by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o word_n like_o a_o distract_a person_n never_o regard_v how_o he_o strike_v or_o defend_v himself_o with_o advantage_n against_o his_o enemy_n so_o he_o draw_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o spectator_n upon_o he_o and_o get_v the_o reputation_n of_o fight_v handsome_o and_o with_o a_o good_a grace_n fur_fw-ge es_fw-ge ait_fw-fr pedio_fw-la pedius_n quid_fw-la crimina_fw-la rasis_fw-la librat_fw-la in_o antithetis_fw-la doctas_fw-la posuisse_fw-la figuras_fw-la laudatur_fw-la they_o affect_v to_o measure_v their_o word_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o just_a cadence_n that_o may_v flatter_v the_o ear_n they_o proportion_v all_o their_o expression_n and_o in_o a_o word_n they_o fill_v up_o their_o discourse_n with_o figure_n but_o such_o figure_n as_o in_o respect_n of_o strong_a and_o persuasive_a figure_n be_v like_o the_o posture_n in_o a_o dance_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o posture_n of_o a_o combat_n the_o study_n and_o art_n that_o appear_v in_o a_o count_n and_o polite_a discourse_n be_v not_o the_o character_n of_o a_o mind_n lively_o touch_v with_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v but_o rather_o of_o a_o man_n unconcern_v and_o merry_a so_o we_o call_v these_o figure_n of_o measure_n who_o cadence_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o ear_n theatrical_a figure_n theatrales_fw-la figurae_fw-la they_o be_v arm_n only_o for_o show_v not_o of_o a_o temper_n to_o fight_v with_o figure_n proper_a to_o persuade_v be_v not_o to_o be_v seek_v for_o it_o be_v the_o heat_n wherewith_o we_o be_v animate_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n that_o produce_v they_o and_o continue_v they_o in_o our_o discourse_n so_o that_o indeed_o eloquence_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o our_o zeal_n st._n augustin_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o speak_v of_o the_o eloquence_n of_o the_o style_n of_o st._n paul_n quid_fw-la sic_fw-la indignatur_fw-la apostolus_fw-la in_o epistolis_fw-la suis_fw-la sic_fw-la corripit_fw-la sic_fw-la exprobrat_fw-la sic_fw-la increpat_fw-la sic_fw-la minatur_fw-la quid_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la animi_fw-la svi_fw-la affectum_fw-la tam_fw-la crebra_fw-la &_o tam_fw-la aspera_fw-la vocis_fw-la mutatione_n testetur_fw-la nullus_fw-la dixerit_fw-la more_fw-it sophistarum_fw-la pueriliter_fw-la &_o consulto_fw-la figurasse_n orationem_fw-la svam_fw-la tamen_fw-la multis_fw-la figuris_fw-la distincta_fw-la est_fw-la quapropter_fw-la sicut_fw-la apostolum_n praecepta_fw-la eloquentiae_fw-la non_fw-la secutum_fw-la esse_fw-la dicemus_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la ejus_fw-la sapientiam_fw-la secuta_fw-la sit_fw-la eloquentia_fw-la non_fw-la denegamus_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o upon_o great_a occasion_n that_o figure_n be_v to_o be_v use_v the_o passion_n have_v several_a degree_n all_o provocation_n be_v not_o equal_o alike_o nor_o have_v all_o figure_n the_o same_o efficacy_n and_o force_n there_o be_v antithesis_n for_o great_a and_o other_o figure_n for_o lesser_a commotion_n so_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o condemn_v all_o sort_n of_o figure_n in_o discourse_n upon_o a_o matter_n that_o afford_v not_o just_a and_o reasonable_a occasion_n of_o emotion_n the_o impatience_n man_n have_v to_o express_v themselves_o well_o and_o to_o make_v the_o thing_n they_o will_v insinuate_v to_o be_v conceive_v have_v its_o figure_n as_o well_o as_o our_o other_o passion_n in_o the_o mild_a and_o most_o temperate_a conversation_n though_o no_o resistance_n be_v find_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o person_n with_o who_o we_o discourse_v nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o for_o the_o better_a explication_n we_o may_v repeat_v sometime_o the_o same_o word_n and_o make_v use_n of_o different_a expression_n to_o say_v the_o same_o thing_n it_o be_v permit_v to_o make_v exact_a description_n to_o search_v for_o comparison_n and_o image_n of_o what_o we_o say_v among_o natural_a and_o sensible_a thing_n we_o may_v demand_v the_o judgement_n of_o our_o auditor_n and_o interrogate_v they_o to_o fix_v and_o retain_v their_o mind_n in_o more_o serious_a attention_n and_o make_v our_o reflection_n upon_o what_o they_o have_v say_v thus_o have_v conversation_n its_o figure_n as_o well_o as_o speech_n and_o declamation_n the_o style_n of_o a_o orator_n who_o make_v ill_o use_v of_o his_o figure_n be_v term_v a_o cold_a style_n because_o whatever_o effort_n he_o make_v to_o animate_v his_o auditor_n they_o harken_v but_o cold_o and_o that_o coldness_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a because_o the_o hearer_n be_v not_o agitate_a by_o any_o of_o those_o emotion_n which_o he_o desire_v to_o excite_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v chap._n i._n i._o of_o sound_n and_o letter_n of_o which_o word_n be_v compose_v the_o rule_n which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v regard_v only_o the_o manner_n of_o express_v our_o thought_n which_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o discourse_n letter_n that_o compose_v the_o word_n by_o their_o resemblance_n be_v the_o body_n of_o discourse_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o we_o must_v take_v pain_n now_o to_o form_v this_o body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o range_v the_o word_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o pronunciation_n of_o they_o may_v be_v easy_a and_o agreeable_a at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o treat_v of_o this_o matter_n with_o entire_a exactness_n we_o ought_v serious_o to_o consider_v the_o particular_a movement_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o voice_n to_o determine_v the_o formation_n of_o every_o sound_n that_o be_v make_v by_o every_o letter_n but_o beside_o that_o this_o exactness_n will_v be_v troublesome_a every_o man_n may_v apprehend_v these_o thing_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o master_n by_o observe_v with_o little_a attention_n what_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o which_o we_o make_v use_v when_o we_o speak_v i_o shall_v therefore_o explain_v myself_o upon_o
have_v do_v ill_o in_o kill_v of_o claudius_n they_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n cicero_z to_o clear_v the_o innocence_n of_o the_o accuse_a party_n make_v use_v of_o these_o two_o proposition_n we_o may_v kill_v he_o that_o will_v murder_v we_o and_o therefore_o milo_n may_v kill_v claudius_n for_o seek_v his_o life_n one_o of_o these_o proposition_n be_v clear_a the_o other_o obscure_a one_o be_v grant_v on_o all_o hand_n the_o other_o uncertain_a yet_o they_o signify_v but_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o by_o consequence_n one_o of_o they_o be_v incontestable_a the_o other_o must_v be_v so_o too_o it_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o philosophy_n call_v logic_n to_o give_v rule_n of_o argumentation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o to_o handle_v this_o art_n of_o persuasion_n in_o its_o full_a dimension_n we_o must_v treat_v of_o several_a other_o art_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o confusion_n the_o matter_n of_o the_o art_n of_o persuade_v be_v not_o limit_v this_o art_n show_v itself_o in_o the_o pulpit_n at_o the_o bar_n at_o all_o manner_n of_o business_n and_o conversation_n for_o in_o a_o word_n the_o whole_a end_n of_o commerce_n and_o conversation_n be_v to_o persuade_v those_o with_o who_o we_o deal_v and_o reduce_v they_o to_o our_o sentiment_n to_o be_v then_o a_o complete_a orator_n and_o speak_v well_o upon_o any_o thing_n that_o occur_v as_o the_o rhetorician_n pretend_v their_o disciple_n may_v we_o ought_v to_o be_v universal_o well-read_a and_o ignorant_a of_o nothing_o for_o a_o man_n indeed_o be_v not_o perfect_o capable_a of_o argue_v but_o when_o he_o understand_v his_o subject_n to_o the_o bottom_n when_o his_o mind_n be_v full_a of_o clear_a truth_n and_o undoubted_a maxim_n from_o whence_o consequence_n may_v be_v deduce_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n in_o question_n for_o example_n a_o divine_a argue_v rational_o and_o well_o when_o to_o persuade_v a_o adversary_n to_o his_o opinion_n he_o produce_v text_n of_o scripture_n the_o father_n the_o council_n tradition_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o church_n iii_o of_o common_a place_n there_o be_v no_o way_n of_o fill_v the_o mind_n with_o certain_a truth_n upon_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v like_o serious_a meditation_n and_o long_o study_v of_o which_o few_o man_n be_v capable_a knowledge_n be_v a_o fruit_n environ_v with_o thorn_n that_o keep_v most_o man_n at_o a_o distance_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o speak_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o we_o know_v the_o most_o part_n of_o those_o who_o make_v oratory_n their_o profession_n will_v be_v oblige_v to_o hold_v their_o peace_n to_o obviate_v so_o inevitable_a a_o inconvenience_n these_o orator_n have_v seek_v out_o short_a and_o easy_a way_n to_o supply_v themselves_o with_o matter_n of_o discourse_n even_o upon_o subject_n on_o which_o they_o be_v entire_o ignorant_a they_o distribute_v these_o way_n into_o several_a class_n which_o they_o call_v common-place_n because_o they_o be_v public_o expose_v and_o every_o man_n may_v take_v out_o free_o what_o argument_n he_o please_v to_o prove_v what_o be_v in_o dispute_n though_o perhaps_o he_o be_v quite_o ignorant_a of_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n himself_o the_o logician_n speak_v of_o these_o common-place_n in_o their_o topic_n i_o shall_v explain_v in_o few_o word_n the_o use_n of_o these_o common-place_n and_o afterward_o show_v what_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o common-place_n do_v proper_o contain_v nothing_o but_o general_a advice_n that_o remember_v those_o who_o consult_v they_o of_o all_o the_o face_n by_o which_o a_o subject_n may_v be_v consider_v and_o this_o may_v be_v convenient_a because_o view_v a_o subject_a in_o that_o manner_n on_o all_o side_n without_o doubt_n we_o may_v find_v with_o more_o ease_n what_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o be_v say_v on_o that_o subject_n a_o thing_n may_v be_v observe_v a_o hundred_o different_a way_n yet_o it_o have_v please_v the_o author_n of_o those_o topic_n to_o establish_v only_o 16_o common-place_n the_o first_o of_o these_o common-place_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o must_v consider_v in_o every_o subject_n what_o it_o have_v in_o common_a with_o all_o other_o the_o like_a subject_n if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n we_o may_v consider_v war_n in_o general_n and_o draw_v our_o argument_n from_o that_o generality_n the_o second_o place_n be_v call_v difference_n by_o which_o we_o consider_v whatever_o be_v peculiar_a to_o a_o question_n the_o three_o be_v definition_n that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o must_v consider_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o the_o subject_a the_o discourse_n which_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o definition_n of_o that_o thing_n the_o four_o place_n be_v enumeration_n of_o the_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o subject_a of_o which_o we_o treat_v the_o five_o be_v the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o subject_a the_o six_o be_v the_o conjugate_v which_o be_v the_o name_n which_o have_v connexion_n with_o the_o name_n of_o our_o subject_n as_o the_o word_n love_n have_v connexion_n with_o all_o these_o other_o word_n to_o love_v love_a friendship_n lovely_a friend_n etc._n etc._n we_o may_v likewise_o consider_v the_o similitude_n or_o dissimilitude_n in_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v which_o two_o consideration_n make_v the_o seven_o and_o the_o eight_o place_n we_o may_v likewise_o make_v comparison_n and_o in_o our_o comparison_n introduce_v every_o thing_n to_o which_o our_o subject_n be_v oppose_v and_o this_o comparison_n and_o opposition_n be_v the_o nine_o and_o ten_o place_n the_o eleven_o place_n be_v repugnance_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o discourse_v upon_o a_o subject_a we_o must_v have_v a_o eye_n upon_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o it_o to_o discover_v the_o proof_n wherewith_o that_o prospect_n may_v furnish_v we_o it_o be_v of_o importance_n to_o consider_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o matter_n propose_v but_o these_o circumstance_n have_v either_o precede_v or_o accompany_v or_o follow_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n so_o these_o circumstance_n do_v make_v the_o twelve_o thirteen_o and_o fourteen_o place_n all_o the_o circumstance_n that_o can_v accompany_v a_o action_n be_v common_o comprehend_v in_o this_o verse_n quis_fw-la quid_fw-la ubi_fw-la quibus_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la cur_n quomodo_fw-la quando_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o be_v to_o examine_v who_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o action_n what_o the_o action_n be_v where_o it_o be_v do_v by_o what_o mean_n for_o what_o end_n how_o and_o when_o the_o fifteen_o place_n be_v the_o effect_n and_o the_o sixteen_o the_o cause_n that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o must_v have_v regard_n to_o the_o effect_n of_o which_o the_o thing_n in_o dispute_n may_v be_v the_o cause_n and_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o it_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n these_o common-place_n do_v without_o doubt_n supply_v we_o with_o ample_a matter_n for_o discourse_n the_o different_a consideration_n present_v we_o with_o several_a argument_n and_o be_v able_a questionless_a to_o furnish_v the_o most_o barren_a invention_n i_o examine_v not_o now_o whether_o this_o supply_n be_v commendable_a or_o not_o according_a to_o this_o method_n if_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v against_o a_o parricide_n we_o speak_v against_o parricide_n in_o general_n and_o then_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o the_o person_n accuse_v and_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o particular_n then_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o parricide_n discover_v the_o blackness_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o definition_n description_n enumeration_n sometime_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n upon_o which_o we_o be_v speak_v and_o the_o other_o name_n that_o have_v reference_n to_o it_o supply_v we_o with_o matter_n a_o long_a discourse_n may_v be_v raise_v upon_o the_o obligation_n which_o christian_n have_v to_o live_v well_o by_o only_o remember_v they_o of_o the_o name_n that_o they_o bear_v discourse_n be_v much_o enlarge_v by_o similitude_n dissimilitude_n and_o comparison_n that_o serve_v to_o remove_v a_o difficulty_n and_o illustrate_v a_o obscure_a truth_n in_o a_o word_n he_o who_o shall_v circumstantiate_v a_o action_n describe_v what_o be_v precedent_n concomitant_a and_o subsequent_a what_o be_v the_o cause_n and_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n will_v soon_o tire_v his_o auditory_a than_o want_v matter_n for_o discourse_n iv._o of_o place_n proper_a to_o particular_a subject_n the_o place_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v call_v common_a because_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o because_o they_o furnish_v argument_n for_o all_o cause_n there_o be_v other_o place_n proper_a
subject_a i_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o speak_v at_o large_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o passion_n to_o explain_v they_o every_o one_o particular_o to_o tell_v what_o be_v their_o several_a object_n what_o raise_v and_o what_o assuage_n they_o but_o this_o will_v be_v to_o stuff_n into_o this_o art_n both_o natural_a and_o moral_a philosophy_n which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o confusion_n nevertheless_o i_o can_v excuse_v myself_o from_o speak_v more_o exact_o of_o some_o of_o the_o passion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o admiration_n esteem_v contempt_n and_o laughter_n which_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o art_n of_o persuasion_n admiration_n be_v a_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o convert_v it_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a object_n and_o incline_v it_o to_o consider_v whether_o the_o say_a object_n be_v good_a or_o bad_a that_o it_o may_v either_o pursue_v or_o avoid_v it_o it_o be_v of_o importance_n to_o a_o orator_n to_o excite_v this_o passion_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o his_o auditory_a truth_n persuade_v but_o first_o it_o must_v be_v know_v and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v necessary_a he_o to_o who_o we_o declare_v it_o apply_v himself_o to_o understand_v it_o we_o see_v every_o day_n many_o argument_n reject_v that_o be_v afterward_o approve_v because_o at_o that_o time_n we_o be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o examine_v they_o there_o be_v several_a opinion_n that_o after_o they_o have_v be_v neglect_v and_o lie_v dormant_a several_a age_n have_v revive_v again_o and_o make_v a_o noise_n in_o the_o world_n because_o they_o be_v study_v and_o by_o study_v it_o be_v that_o we_o know_v the_o truth_n or_o falsity_n of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o therefore_o to_o produce_v good_a argument_n to_o deliver_v they_o with_o clearness_n and_o perspicuity_n but_o we_o must_v use_v they_o with_o extraordinary_a address_n that_o may_v surprise_v the_o hearer_n make_v he_o admire_v and_o draw_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n upon_o we_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o certain_a author_n of_o a_o witty_a man_n who_o have_v often_o present_v himself_o before_o his_o prince_n about_o some_o affair_n that_o concern_v he_o very_o much_o the_o prince_n never_o vouchsafe_v he_o so_o much_o as_o a_o look_n he_o resolve_v the_o next_o time_n to_o present_v himself_o naked_a cover_v only_o with_o some_o few_o figg-leaves_a and_o it_o succeed_v as_o he_o design_v for_o the_o oddness_n of_o his_o habit_n have_v stir_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o carry_v he_o to_o he_o to_o inquire_v who_o he_o be_v he_o take_v occasion_n to_o make_v answer_n and_o by_o degree_n find_v opportunity_n to_o propose_v that_o to_o he_o which_o before_o he_o have_v attempt_v in_o vain_a saint_n chrysostome_n observe_v that_o saint_n matthew_n begin_v his_o history_n of_o our_o saviour_n by_o say_v he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o david_n and_o of_o abraham_n whereas_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v abraham_n and_o david_n to_o oblige_v the_o jew_n to_o read_v his_o history_n with_o more_o attention_n for_o the_o jew_n expect_v the_o messiah_n from_o the_o line_n of_o david_n and_o therefore_o nothing_o be_v more_o like_a to_o win_v upon_o their_o attention_n than_o to_o speak_v to_o they_o of_o a_o son_n of_o david_n all_o book_n that_o be_v read_v all_o orator_n that_o be_v hear_v have_v something_o or_o other_o extraordinary_a either_o in_o the_o matter_n or_o manner_n of_o what_o they_o treat_v or_o in_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o of_o place_n admiration_n be_v follow_v by_o esteem_n or_o contempt_n when_o we_o observe_v any_o thing_n good_a in_o the_o object_n on_o which_o we_o look_v with_o application_n we_o esteem_v it_o we_o desire_v it_o we_o love_v it_o for_o this_o reason_n as_o you_o see_v we_o esteem_v nothing_o proper_o but_o what_o be_v true_a what_o be_v great_a and_o what_o be_v handsome_a when_o we_o value_v ill_a thing_n it_o be_v either_o because_o we_o be_v deceive_v in_o our_o judgement_n or_o because_o we_o consider_v they_o only_o according_a to_o appearance_n a_o deceitful_a orator_n persuade_v only_o for_o a_o time_n and_o the_o esteem_n and_o love_n of_o his_o auditor_n turn_v into_o hatred_n and_o contempt_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v themselves_o delude_v the_o object_n of_o contempt_n be_v meanness_n and_o error_n that_o passion_n be_v never_o excite_v but_o when_o the_o soul_n perceive_v nothing_o in_o its_o object_n but_o meanness_n and_o error_n to_o this_o passion_n we_o do_v willing_o incline_v it_o be_v please_v and_o flatter_v the_o ambition_n that_o man_n have_v natural_o for_o superiority_n and_o grandeur_n we_o do_v not_o proper_o contemn_v any_o but_o those_o who_o we_o look_v upon_o as_o inferior_n we_o look_v down_o upon_o they_o with_o divertisement_n whereas_o it_o be_v troublesome_a to_o lift_v up_o our_o eye_n in_o contemplation_n of_o what_o be_v above_o we_o other_o passion_n spend_v and_o disturb_v we_o but_o this_o refresh_v and_o be_v useful_a to_o our_o health_n and_o indeed_o this_o passion_n may_v be_v call_v rather_o the_o repose_n than_o commotion_n of_o the_o soul_n because_o the_o soul_n seem_v quiet_a and_o at_o ease_n in_o this_o passion_n though_o in_o other_o it_o labour_v and_o be_v disturb_v yet_o all_o contempt_n be_v not_o please_v for_o if_o the_o evil_a that_o be_v its_o object_n be_v dreadful_a it_o affect_v we_o with_o fear_n which_o be_v real_o a_o affliction_n but_o where_o the_o evil_a touch_n we_o not_o too_o near_o and_o concern_v we_o not_o too_o much_o the_o contempt_n that_o follow_v be_v accompany_v with_o laughter_n and_o so_o common_o accompany_v with_o great_a and_o unexpected_a joy_n there_o be_v no_o way_n so_o effectual_a for_o the_o turn_v a_o man_n from_o a_o error_n as_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v contemptible_a there_o be_v nothing_o we_o apprehend_v more_o than_o to_o be_v render_v ridiculous_a and_o contemptible_a to_o the_o world_n therefore_o a_o seasonable_a piece_n of_o raillery_n have_v sometime_o better_a effect_n than_o the_o solid_a argument_n ridiculum_fw-la acri_fw-la fortius_fw-la &_o melius_fw-la magnas_fw-la plerumque_fw-la secat_fw-la res_fw-la when_o we_o fight_v with_o strong_a reason_n the_o trouble_n the_o adversary_n find_v to_o conceive_v the_o consequence_n of_o a_o solid_a argument_n confound_v he_o when_o we_o propose_v to_o he_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v high_a that_o height_n dazzle_v and_o discourage_v he_o but_o when_o his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o laugh_v and_o be_v merry_a he_o apply_v himself_o ready_o that_o application_n give_v he_o entertainment_n and_o his_o contempt_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v represent_v as_o ridiculous_a flatter_v his_o vanity_n and_o make_v he_o look_v down_o upon_o the_o object_n as_o a_o thing_n infinite_o beneath_o he_o for_o this_o reason_n we_o easy_o excite_v this_o contempt_n because_o man_n be_v more_o prone_a to_o it_o natural_o than_o to_o esteem_v as_o they_o be_v to_o sport_n rather_o than_o to_o work_v to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o several_a thing_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v laugh_v at_o for_o fear_v we_o shall_v give_v they_o weight_n and_o reputation_n by_o confute_v they_o sober_o iii_o how_o thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v laugh_v at_o be_v to_o be_v make_v ridiculous_a since_o it_o be_v allow_v we_o to_o stir_v and_o provoke_v the_o passion_n thereby_o to_o excite_v man_n to_o action_n the_o art_n which_o we_o teach_v of_o turn_v thing_n into_o ridicule_n be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v especial_o when_o by_o so_o do_v our_o design_n be_v only_o to_o reclaim_v and_o instruct_v our_o auditor_n but_o then_o if_o these_o raillery_n be_v not_o do_v with_o discretion_n they_o will_v have_v a_o quite_o contrary_a effect_n the_o poet_n in_o their_o comedy_n pretend_v to_o mock_v people_n out_o of_o their_o vice_n yet_o their_o pretension_n be_v vain_a experience_n make_v too_o evident_a that_o a_o reader_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o play_n never_o make_v any_o serious_a conversion_n the_o cause_n be_v plain_a we_o despise_v and_o laugh_v at_o only_a such_o thing_n as_o we_o think_v below_o we_o and_o such_o as_o be_v but_o trifle_n in_o our_o estimation_n we_o laugh_v not_o at_o the_o ill_a treatment_n of_o the_o innocent_a if_o licentious_a person_n make_v a_o mock_n of_o adultery_n and_o such_o offence_n as_o will_v force_v tear_n from_o a_o pious_a man_n it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v not_o a_o true_a notion_n of_o those_o crime_n and_o consider_v they_o amiss_o poet_n in_o their_o comaedy_n labour_v not_o to_o give_v a_o aversion_n for_o vice_n their_o business_n be_v only_o to_o make_v it_o ridiculous_a so_o they_o accustom_v their_o reader_n to_o look_v upon_o debauch_n as_o inconsiderable_a offence_n from_o a_o play_n we_o shall_v never_o receive_v that_o horror_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o deter_v our_o concupiscence_n the_o fear_n of_o be_v
propose_v the_o subject_a of_o it_o without_o a_o exordium_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v so_o as_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n we_o defend_v may_v appear_v in_o the_o say_a proposition_n that_o consist_v only_o in_o the_o declaration_n of_o what_o we_o be_v to_o say_v and_o by_o consequence_n admit_v no_o rule_n for_o its_o length_n when_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v only_o of_o a_o question_n it_o suffice_v to_o propose_v it_o and_o that_o require_v but_o few_o word_n when_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o action_n or_o rh_v do_v we_o be_v to_o recite_v the_o whole_a action_n report_v all_o its_o circumstance_n and_o make_v a_o description_n of_o it_o that_o may_v lay_v it_o before_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o enable_v they_o to_o determine_v as_o exact_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v present_a when_o the_o action_n be_v do_v some_o there_o be_v who_o to_o make_v a_o action_n appear_v as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o clothe_v it_o with_o circumstance_n favourable_a to_o their_o design_n though_o contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n and_o they_o fancy_v they_o may_v do_v it_o because_o their_o pretence_n be_v to_o advance_v the_o truth_n by_o augment_v the_o goodness_n of_o their_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a i_o shall_v confute_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o persuasion_n for_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o if_o it_o be_v contradictory_n to_o truth_n we_o make_v use_v of_o a_o lie_n it_o be_v a_o ill_a thing_n because_o we_o deviat_v from_o the_o end_n of_o speech_n which_o be_v give_v we_o to_o express_v the_o truth_n of_o our_o sentiment_n though_o against_o truth_n itself_o and_o when_o we_o equivocate_v for_o truth_n we_o do_v that_o which_o be_v displease_v to_o she_o because_o she_o need_v not_o equivocation_n to_o defend_v herself_o we_o ought_v therefore_o to_o deliver_v thing_n simple_o as_o they_o be_v and_o be_v cautious_a of_o insert_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v dispose_v the_o judge_n to_o give_v wrong_a judgement_n there_o be_v no_o affair_n but_o have_v several_a face_n some_o agreeable_a that_o please_v other_o disagreeable_a that_o discourage_n and_o disgust_v our_o hearer_n it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o skilful_a orator_n to_o propose_v nothing_o that_o may_v beget_v in_o the_o hearer_n a_o disadvantageous_a opinion_n of_o what_o be_v to_o follow_v a_o orator_n be_v to_o select_v the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n he_o propose_v and_o not_o enlarge_v equal_o upon_o they_o all_o some_o be_v to_o be_v pass_v in_o silence_n other_o to_o be_v touch_v by_o the_o by_o when_o we_o be_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o report_v a_o ill_a circumstance_n that_o may_v discommend_v the_o action_n we_o will_v defend_v we_o be_v not_o to_o pass_v it_o over_o and_o proceed_v till_o we_o have_v apply_v some_o remedy_n to_o the_o evil_a impression_n that_o recitation_n may_v make_v for_o we_o must_v not_o leave_v our_o auditor_n in_o any_o ill_a opinion_n that_o they_o may_v conceive_v thereupon_o we_o must_v subjoin_v some_o reason_n or_o circumstance_n to_o change_v the_o face_n of_o the_o former_a and_o present_a in_o less_o odious_a you_o must_v relate_v the_o particular_n of_o his_o death_n who_o be_v kill_v to_o justify_v the_o person_n you_o will_v defend_v be_v to_o speak_v only_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o a_o innocent_a person_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o you_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o other_o death_n you_o must_v add_v the_o just_a cause_n of_o his_o death_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o who_o kill_v he_o do_v it_o by_o misfortune_n or_o accident_n without_o any_o design_n we_o must_v therefore_o praeoccupy_a the_o mind_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o prepare_v they_o with_o all_o the_o reason_n occasion_n and_o circumstance_n that_o may_v justify_v the_o action_n that_o when_o it_o be_v relate_v they_o may_v be_v dispose_v to_o examine_v it_o and_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v only_o a_o appearance_n of_o crime_n and_o that_o in_o effect_v it_o be_v just_a because_o accompany_v with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n that_o render_v such_o action_n innocent_a this_o artifice_n be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o fault_n to_o omit_v it_o we_o must_v have_v a_o care_n of_o render_v verity_n odious_a by_o our_o imprudence_n and_o certain_o it_o will_v be_v great_a imprudence_n to_o deliver_v thing_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v dispose_v our_o hearer_n to_o give_v rash_a judgement_n man_n do_v take_v their_o impression_n immediate_o and_o pursue_v their_o first_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v of_o importance_n to_o prevent_v they_o rhetorician_n require_v three_o thing_n in_o a_o narration_n that_o it_o be_v short_a clear_a and_o probable_a it_o be_v short_a when_o we_o say_v all_o that_o be_v necessary_a and_o nothing_o more_o we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_n of_o the_o brevity_n of_o a_o narration_n by_o the_o number_n of_o word_n but_o by_o the_o exactness_n in_o say_v nothing_o superfluous_a clearness_n follow_v this_o exactness_n impertinence_n do_v but_o stuff_v up_o a_o history_n and_o hinder_v the_o action_n from_o be_v exact_o represent_v to_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v not_o hard_o for_o a_o good_a orator_n to_o make_v what_o he_o say_v probable_a because_o nothing_o be_v so_o like_o the_o truth_n that_o he_o defend_v as_o truth_n itself_o and_o yet_o for_o this_o some_o cunning_n be_v require_v some_o circumstance_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n that_o deliver_v naked_o and_o alone_o they_o will_v become_v suspect_v and_o will_v not_o be_v believe_v unless_o back_v and_o sustain_v by_o other_o circumstance_n wherefore_o to_o make_v a_o narration_n appear_v true_a as_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n those_o circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v iii_o of_o confirmation_n or_o establishment_n of_o proof_n and_o of_o refutation_n the_o rule_n we_o be_v to_o follow_v to_o establish_v by_o solid_a argument_n the_o truth_n we_o will_v defend_v and_o to_o subvert_v the_o fallacy_n oppose_v to_o that_o truth_n belong_v proper_o to_o logic_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v we_o be_v to_o learn_v to_o argue_v yet_o here_o we_o may_v give_v some_o rule_n first_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o subject_a upon_o which_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v we_o be_v to_o mind_n and_o observe_v all_o its_o part_n that_o we_o may_v find_v out_o what_o course_n we_o be_v to_o steer_v for_o the_o discovery_n either_o of_o the_o truth_n or_o the_o fallacy_n this_o rule_n be_v not_o to_o be_v practise_v but_o by_o those_o who_o have_v great_a latitude_n of_o understanding_n by_o those_o who_o be_v exercise_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o problem_n and_o in_o penetrate_v the_o most_o occult_a thing_n by_o those_o who_o be_v so_o well_o verse_v in_o affair_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o difficulty_n be_v propose_v to_o they_o though_o never_o so_o intricat_a they_o can_v immediate_o find_v out_o the_o knot_n and_o have_v their_o mind_n full_a of_o light_n and_o of_o truth_n discover_v without_o trouble_v the_o incontestable_a principle_n to_o prove_v the_o conceal_a verity_n of_o thing_n and_o to_o convince_v those_o of_o fallacy_n that_o be_v false_a the_o second_o rule_n respect_v the_o clearness_n of_o the_o principle_n upon_o which_o we_o ground_n our_o argument_n the_o source_n of_o all_o false_a argument_n that_o be_v use_v by_o man_n be_v our_o easy_a and_o rash_a supposition_n that_o thing_n doubtful_a be_v true_a we_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v dazzle_v by_o a_o false_a lustre_n that_o we_o perceive_v not_o till_o we_o find_v we_o be_v precipitate_v in_o great_a absurdity_n and_o oblige_v to_o consent_v to_o proposition_n evident_o false_a the_o three_o rule_n respect_v the_o connexion_n of_o principle_n examine_v with_o the_o consequence_n draw_v from_o they_o in_o a_o exact_a argument_n the_o principle_n and_o the_o consequence_n be_v join_v so_o strict_o that_o have_v grant_v the_o principle_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o consent_v to_o the_o consequence_n because_o the_o principle_n and_o the_o consequence_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o what_o we_o can_v reasonaby_n deny_v in_o the_o one_o what_o we_o have_v confess_v in_o the_o other_o if_o i_o grant_v it_o lawful_a to_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n and_o to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o my_o enemy_n when_o i_o find_v no_o other_o mean_n of_o preserve_v my_o own_o when_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o i_o that_o milo_n in_o kill_v clodius_n do_v but_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o milo_n be_v innocent_a because_o in_o effect_n allow_v the_o proposition_n that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o repel_v one_o force_n by_o another_o i_o confess_v that_o milo_n be_v innocent_a of_o the_o death_n of_o clodius_n who_o will_v have_v take_v away_o the_o life_n milo_n the_o connexion_n betwixt_o that_o principle_n and_o that_o
mark_v the_o reference_n that_o thing_n have_v among_o themselves_o p._n 15._o chap._n ii_o i._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o verb_n p._n 18._o ii_o of_o pronoun_n and_o that_o we_o may_v with_o one_o single_a verb_n express_v a_o whole_a proposition_n p._n 20._o iii_o of_o the_o tense_n of_o verb_n p._n 22._o iv._o that_o verb_n have_v a_o power_n of_o signify_v divers_a way_n of_o affirm_v and_o certain_a circumstance_n of_o the_o action_n that_o they_o signify_v p._n 25._o v._o what_o word_n be_v necessary_a to_o denote_v the_o other_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n p._n 28._o vi_o construction_n of_o word_n and_o rule_n for_o that_o construction_n p._n 31._o chap._n iii_o i._o that_o we_o must_v express_v all_o the_o principal_a idea_n or_o touch_n in_o the_o picture_n that_o we_o have_v form_v in_o our_o mind_n p._n 35._o ii_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o order_n or_o disposition_n of_o our_o word_n p._n 40._o iii_o how_o we_o may_v express_v our_o passion_n p._n 46._o chap._n iu._n i._o custom_n be_v the_o master_n of_o language_n p._n 50._o ii_o there_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n and_o a_o bad_a three_o way_n to_o distinguish_v they_o p._n 53._o iii_o word_n be_v to_o be_v use_v only_o in_o their_o proper_a signification_n and_o to_o express_v the_o idea_n to_o which_o custom_n have_v annex_v they_o p._n 60._o iv._o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o idea_n of_o word_n that_o be_v join_v may_v be_v join_v also_o p._n 62._o v._o it_o be_v choice_n of_o expression_n that_o make_v a_o man_n elegant_a p._n 66._o the_o second_o part._n chap._n i._n i._o there_o be_v no_o language_n so_o copious_a and_o rich_a to_o furnish_v term_n capable_a of_o express_v all_o the_o different_a face_n under_o which_o the_o mind_n can_v represent_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n therefore_o recourse_n must_v be_v have_v to_o certain_a way_n of_o speak_v call_v trope_n who_o nature_n and_o invention_n be_v explain_v in_o this_o chapter_n p._n 69._o ii_o a_o list_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a sort_n of_o trope_n p._n 72._o chap._n ii_o i._o of_o the_o good_a use_n of_o trope_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v clear_a p._n 82._o ii_o our_o trope_n must_v be_v proportion_v to_o the_o idea_n that_o we_o will_v give_v p._n 87._o ii_o trope_n be_v a_o ornament_n in_o discurse_n p._n 90._o chap._n iii_o i._o the_o passion_n have_v a_o peculiar_a language_n expression_n that_o be_v the_o character_n of_o passion_n be_v call_v figure_n p._n 92._o ii_o figure_n be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a p._n 95._o iii_o a_o list_n of_o figure_n p._n 101._o iv._o the_o number_n of_o figure_n be_v infinite_a and_o every_o figure_n may_v be_v make_v a_o hundred_o several_a way_n p._n 123._o chap._n iu._n i._o figure_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o soul_n a_o parallel_n betwixt_o a_o soldier_n fight_v and_o a_o orator_n speak_v p._n 125._o ii_o the_o consequence_n of_o our_o parallel_n betwixt_o a_o soldier_n fight_v and_o a_o orator_n plead_v in_o defence_n of_o a_o cause_n p._n 130._o iii_o figure_n illustrate_v obscure_a truth_n and_o make_v the_o mind_n attentive_a p._n 135._o iv._o reflection_n upon_o the_o good_a use_n of_o figure_n p._n 142._o the_o three_o part._n chap._n i._n i._o of_o sound_n and_o letter_n of_o which_o word_n be_v compose_v p._n 105._o ii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v avoid_v in_o range_v our_o word_n p._n 114._o iii_o in_o speak_v the_o voice_n do_v frequent_o repose_v we_o may_v commit_v three_o fault_n in_o misplace_v the_o repose_n of_o the_o voice_n p._n 121._o iv._o too_o frequent_a repartition_n of_o the_o same_o sound_n the_o same_o letter_n and_o the_o same_o word_n be_v troublesome_a the_o mean_n to_o render_v pronunciation_n in_o discourse_n equal_a p._n 127._o chap._n ii_o i._o word_n be_v sound_n condition_n necessary_a to_o make_v sound_n agreeable_a the_o first_o condition_n a_o violent_a sound_n be_v disagreeable_a a_o moderate_a sound_n please_v p._n 132._o ii_o the_o second_o condition_n a_o sound_a aught_o to_o be_v distinct_a that_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o be_v hear_v p._n 133._o iii_o the_o equality_n of_o sound_n contribute_v to_o render_v they_o distinct_a which_o be_v the_o three_o condition_n p._n 134._o iv._o the_o four_o condition_n diversity_n be_v as_o necessary_a as_o equality_n to_o render_v sound_v agreeable_a p._n 136._o v._o the_o five_o condition_n the_o precedent_a condition_n be_v to_o be_v ally_v p._n 138._o vi_o the_o six_o condition_n the_o alliance_n of_o equality_n and_o diversity_n ought_v to_o be_v sensible_a what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o order_n thereunto_o p._n 139._o vii_o what_o the_o ear_n distinguish_v in_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n and_o what_o it_o perceive_v with_o pleasure_n p._n 140._o chap._n iii_o i._o the_o art_n to_o render_v pronunciation_n agreeable_a be_v to_o be_v use_v with_o discretion_n p._n 144._o ii_o how_o we_o be_v to_o distribute_v the_o interval_n of_o respiration_n that_o the_o repose_v of_o the_o voice_n may_v be_v proportionable_a p._n 147._o iii_o the_o composition_n of_o period_n p._n 150._o iu_o example_n of_o some_o few_o latin_a period_n period_n be_v pronounce_v with_o ease_n p._n 154._o v._o the_o figurative_a range_v of_o word_n and_o in_o what_o these_o figure_n consist_v p._n 157._o vi_o reflection_n upon_o these_o figure_n p._n 162._o chap._n iu._n i._o of_o the_o measure_n of_o time_n in_o pronunciation_n p._n 164._o ii_o of_o the_o structure_n of_o verse_n p._n 167._o iii_o how_o the_o latin_n distinguish_v their_o measure_n how_o many_o sort_n of_o measure_n there_o be_v in_o the_o structure_n of_o a_o verse_n p._n 170._o iv._o equality_n of_o measure_n p._n 175._o v._o of_o the_o variety_n of_o measure_n and_o the_o alliance_n of_o their_o equality_n with_o that_o variety_n p._n 180._o vi_o how_o the_o roman_n make_v the_o alliance_n of_o the_o equality_n and_o variety_n of_o their_o verse_n sensible_a p._n 185._o vii_o of_o the_o poetry_n of_o the_o french_a p._n 187._o chap._n v._n i._o there_o be_v a_o strange_a sympathy_n betwixt_o number_n and_o the_o soul_n what_o number_n be_v p._n 202_o ii_o when_o number_n agree_v with_o the_o thing_n express_v they_o render_v our_o discourse_n more_o lively_a and_o significative_a p._n 206._o iii_o the_o way_n of_o join_v our_o discourse_n by_o number_n that_o correspond_v to_o the_o thing_n signify_v p._n 209._o the_o four_o part._n chap._n i._n i._o we_o must_v choose_v a_o style_n suitable_a to_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v what_o style_n be_v p._n 1._o ii_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o style_n depend_v upon_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o imagination_n memory_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o writer_n p._n 4._o iii_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a imagination_n p._n 7._o iu_o quality_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o in_o the_o animal_n spirit_n necessary_a to_o make_v a_o good_a imagination_n p._n 9_o v._o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a memory_n p._n 13._o vi_o quality_n in_o the_o mind_n necessary_a to_o make_v a_o man_n eloquent_a p._n 14._o vi_o diversity_n of_o inclination_n alter_v the_o style_n each_o age_n each_o climate_n have_v its_o several_a style_n p._n 19_o chap._n ii_o i._o the_o matter_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v aught_o to_o determine_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o our_o style_n p._n 22._o ii_o rule_n for_o the_o sublime_a lofty_a style_n p._n 25._o iii_o of_o the_o plain_a simple_a style_n p._n 32._o iv._o of_o the_o moderate_a style_n p._n 34._o chap._n iii_o i._o of_o style_n proper_a to_o certain_a thing_n quality_n common_a to_o all_o these_o style_n p._n 36._o ii_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o style_n of_o a_o orator_n p._n 41._o iii_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o style_n of_o a_o historian_n p._n 46._o iu._n what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o dogmatical_a style_n p._n 48._o v._o what_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o style_n of_o a_o poet._n p._n 52._o chap._n iu._n i._o the_o beauty_n of_o discourse_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o exact_a observation_n of_o the_o rule_n speak_v p._n 59_o ii_o the_o false_a idea_n that_o man_n have_v of_o grandeur_n and_o their_o desire_n to_o speak_v nothing_o but_o great_a thing_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o ill_a ornament_n p._n 63._o iii_o of_o artificial_a ornament_n and_o rule_v relate_v to_o they_o p._n 70._o iv._o the_o former_a fable_n refute_v and_o the_o true_a original_n of_o language_n declare_v p._n 77._o a_o discourse_n present_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o art_n of_o persuasion_n chap._n i._n i._o the_o part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o persuasion_n p._n 88_o ii_o the_o invention_n of_o proof_n p._n 91._o iii_o of_o common_a place_n p._n 94._o iv._o of_o place_n proper_a to_o certain_a subject_n p._n 99_o v._o reflection_n upon_o the_o method_n of_o place_n p._n 103._o chap._n