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cause_n	effect_n	evil_a	good_a	4,841	5	4.5571	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43010	The art of curing diseases by expectation with remarks on a supposed great case of apoplectick fits : also most useful observations on coughs, consumptions, stone, dropsies, fevers, and small pox : with a confutation of dispensatories, and other various discourses in physick / by Gideon Harvey ...	Harvey, Gideon, 1640?-1700?	1689 (1689)	Wing H1056; ESTC R15429	64,822	230

whereof I can attest to have been the sole cause of the death of several in such cases The reasons are obvious to those whom observation hath taught the good and evil effects of bleeding I conclude with this general remark where bleeding and purging have no prevalance the Conclave Physician is less valuable than an old Shoo. To return to the Art of Expectation CHAP. X. Declaring the Warehouse of Expectation Physicians 1. THE attainment of the End through proper Means is no more peculiar to Medicine or any other Art than to that of Expectation It is Health real or pretended both these Sisters though the one be legitimate and the other spurious drive at To palliate meliorate preserve and restore is the principal and ultimate finis or end of the medical Art but Lucre a Purse Gold Silver is that of the Artist So far in point of honesty the one excells the other The Ancient Greek and Arabian Physicians are now so much despised by the supposed accession and advancement of a new Theory and a Cortex-Steel practice that in my Opinion one certain part of Europe would in some tract of Time want Inhabitants were not a robust Constitution and Expectation the Guaranty's of Health 2. That the Small-pox Plague malignant Fevers and many other Diseases have invaded sound bodies by figuring morbific Idea's on the imaginative Spirits is a concession the vulgar of Physicians do acquiesce in So that if the Maxim holds that Contraria contrariis curantur it points at the ready means or media by altering and reducing the figure of the materia subtilissima or primi Elementi of the Brain the animal Spirits to their pristin form and order of motion through which those counternatural vortices are appeased and consequently Health restored all which is so aptly performed by Expectation Physicians in their confident and bold assertion that the Patient shall be cured by vertue of what he writes down in his Recipe's This making a strong impression on the sick mans Phansie and inordinate motions the fury of the animal Spirits which are frequently causes of Diseases are allayed and appeased which being daily pursued is the undoubted means the Art of Expectation uses whereas as shall hereafter be rendred plain in various instances what is mark'd down in his Serowls or Recipe's can conduce no more to recovery of health than a Laplanders charm to procure a fair Wind and that which adds extreamly to the forementioned strong impression is the gravity port pretended Learning and vogue of this bold assuring Physician and Undertaker 3. To know the probability or capacity of the pretensions and performances of an Artist by the dimension number and quality of his Tools is a matter of no great difficulty and considering the nature of a Razor you may easily believe it probable that a Barber is capable of shaving you My next business therefore is to examine the box of Tools of the Physician which is the Dispensatory or Pharmacopoea that for number and quality exceeds the tools of an hundred Artists I may well say of all that are in Europe Asia and Africa there being nothing under the Earth on it or above it or what is contained in all the Elements even the Elements and what is consistent of them but what is registred there or at least belongs to it There is Iapan Earth Armenia Lemnia Tripoli Strigonia Earth c. all sorts of Water that Heaven and Earth afford all Minerals all sorts of Dung and Piss Serpents Toads Spiders in fine there is nothing in the Universe but what is the Gibblets of the Pharmacopoea or Physick Ware-house 4. Every Remedy ought to relate to a Disease wherefore as the number of Remedies are indefinite so Diseases should be proportionable in number and what strange Creature would a man appear were he to be subject to more thousands of Diseases than a Physicians head can be stuft with A Monkey having caught a Louce should he bring a Chain to tye his Legs a Hatchet a Saw a Knife a Mallet and twenty Instruments more to cut off his Head it would seem a very unusual farce but far more ridiculous is it to see a Physician muster up all what Heaven and Earth contains to resist and expell those few morbific causes that occasion all the Diseases of man. And the Apothecary should he in obedience to the Physicians order or in complaisance to his immensurable folly provide himself with all the materials his most elaborate Dispensatory directs his Shop would no more be capable to contain them than a Pill-box could an Elephant CHAP. XI Expressing the Original and first building of the Physick Ware-house 1. THE rambling mode among many Cities that are honoured with a combined fardle of Physicians to compile and divulge a Dispensatory is also imitated by one that if from the number of Simples and Compounds wet and dry hard and soft boil'd and roasted preposterous and incongruous superfluous loathsom and inconsistent mixtures measure is to be taken of its Excellency and Preheminence beyond others you are to concede the Laurel to that Pharmacopoea or rather deformed Copy of Medicines which I once in a Discourse out of meer Compliment and Raillery did aver to be the best but if to a necessary only and select number of Simples and their agreeable and rational Compositions a reference must be had of their worth and validity it is to be esteemed the worst of the worst Pharmacopoea's extant And if the folly of men that would appear to the World Viri graves docti and wonderfully experienced will make you laugh you may burst with the History of their Physick Cookery 2. These Velvet Flatcaps being squatted down within their Magick Circle the Vrsus Major spews an harangue to the Cubs about him Since the Supreme Authority over the Lives and Deaths of men is devolved upon us from all Antiquity and that by Custom and Example of their Fathers their Children do grow up to the same subjection to our power and undoubted Faith of our infallible Abilities it 's our duty to express our care in chalking down such simplicities and compound Medicines and immutable Laws of their Preparations that may give a sufficient employ to Apothecaries by the multiplicity and numbers of Waters Earths Stones and other Minerals Vegetables and Animals to amuse their Vnderstandings and by their mysterious mortarisations siftations and most sensless jumblations of them together may astonish and amaze these our Servitors who lapsing into an admiring trance of our indefatigable Studies of Infinities will discourage them from undertaking upon our Profession and detain them in a most ignorant slavery to us This propagated by them among the Commonalty and thence descending to all subsequent Generations exalts us above the Heathen Deities and establishes unto us a perpetual Empire over the Beings of Mankind Let then our first decree impower eight Commissioners under the Age of one hundred who by their long Travels through all the Saxon Angles

two of Arsenic or Rats-bane Wolf-bane and the like To blow your nose into a man's Porridg can do no hurt because the quantity is little is a parallel way of reasoning and of all men only peculiar to Physicians But let me tell you the proportion is great if you joyn them together thus of Agaric an ounce and half Rhubarb six drams burn'd Copperas half an ounce Sagapenum Opopanax Galbanum c. all which being purgatives make a strong party Imagine that a patient in a malignant Fever had by advice taken a dose of Venice Treacle to expel the malignity which failing in the intended effect he happens to dye The Physician should he by accident come to the knowledge that the Treacle wanted an Ingredient or two as juyce of Liquorish Orrice or any other of less moment the Hog would most certainly impute the death of the Patient to the defective Composition In conclusion Treacle is no other than a most confuse absurd and senseless Opiat which in all its pretences would be out-done beyond comparison by a mixture of of three or four as Virg. Serpentary roots Scordium Bole armene and Opium reduced with Honey into an Electuary or Angelica r. Terra sigil Gentian and Opium mix'd with Honey The Extract of Harts-horn Dictamnum Cret and Opium is also an equivalent Great is the superstition of the Indians in the worship of their Pagode Devils deformed with monstrous horns but a million greater is the superstition of Physick Idolaters that believe it the greatest Sacrilege to diminish the least tittle from a Composition as Sorrel-seeds Pepper and Ginger from Diascordium or Pellitory of Spain from the Philonia the precious fragments and Stags-bone out of Confectio de Hyacintho the neglect of rejecting of all these particulars doth demonstrate Physicians to have longer Ears then Asses To roast Saffron in an Egg-shell to improve its virtues is another Argument of their Sagess in the description of Elect. de Ovo The Additaments of Pellitory of Spain and Pepper to correct the extream coldness of Opium in the Philonia is another foolish notion they cannot be driven from 7. To what purpose is the description of so many idle Opiats as Philonium Persicum Romanum Requies Nicholai Nepenthes Pil. de Cynoglosso c. when Opium dissolved and digested with Spirit of Wine with or without Saffron and used in drops or evaporated to a Pill is beyond all the imaginary correctives which it doth not stand in need of since the onely danger it can threaten is oversleeping into a Coma Lethargy Carus or death and that is no other way to be prevented than in omitting giving of it to those that are not judged proper to take it or to exhibite it to others in less quantity than it can be presumed to exceed in operation for tho' you surround Opium with all the spices of the Indies to guard nature from its violence if you give too much it will not fail to kill or extreamly to frighten the standers by with a posture of the patient very like unto death and if you judge that advising very little of it in Phthisicks or great Weaknesses be a sufficient warrant you will find your selves deceived as those have been which I mentioned in the Conclave of Physicians I pass by taking notice of the purgative Electuaries whose Absurdities in Composition we shall sufficiently detect in the Pill Boxes CHAP. XXII Reflections upon the erroneous and absur'd Compositions of Dispersatory Pills 1. IF for those unaccountably erroneous Compositions of Treacle Methridate Pil. Aloephanginae Foetidae and the rest the Inventors ought to be censured great Ideots seventeen hundred years ago the Approvers and Confirmers of 'em a thousand years after may be inferred greater Fools but those that subscribe to the continuance of 'em at this day must be concluded the greatest Fools as if the excellency of Remedies consisted in Compofition and the more of Composition there is the greater Virtues it contributes to the Medicine 2. That this is the rule whereby to measure the Capacity of the Artist appears in the endeavours of Physicians to prescribe long Bills filled with Composition and by how much the more it is compounded by so much the more the Apothecary judges the Prescriber the best Physician On the contrary the fewer Ingredients the better Medicine which occasions less trouble and charge in the Preparation and more certainty in the Effect for where a Remedy consisteth of an hundred Ingredients to which of 'em can you attribute the effect if successful or the fault and dammage if the Disease be thereby render'd worse But such hath been the fallacia non causae pro cause in Physicians that having prescribed to Patients against Diseases of the Eyes Pil. Cochiae maj and finding Success and a laudable Event infer thence very deceitfully that their particular Composition doth arrogate specifically an Eye or Sight restoring power beyond all others whereas it s to the vertue of the Purgatives chosen according to the strength and other circumstances of the Patient and without any correctives or Conductors those good effects are to be imputed 3. The same reason confutes the specific relation of Pil. de Agarico to the Lungs Aggregativae de Tribus and Imperiales to all the Bowels Aureae and Lucis to the Eyes de Eupatorio to the Liver Diambrae Macri and de Succino to the Brain Tartareae Q. to the Spleen de aloe lota Aloephanginae Stomachicae and Ruffi to the Stomach Stomachicae cum gummi to the Stomach and Spleen de hiera cum Agarico and Mastichinae to the Stomach Lungs and Brain foetidae de Opopanace and de Hermodactylis to the Joynts and other gouty Diseases Mechoacannae and de Gutta Gamandra to Dropsies de Styrace to sharp thin Distillations on the Lungs 4. Pause a while and with me consider the depth of folly of Mankind the more astonishing for as much as it is signally remarkable in those who by the study of their whole Life-time and the pretended Learning derived from the Experience of thousands of years are advan'd no further than by giving Credit to lying Antiquity to receive such idle absur'd superfluous and pernicious Compositions into the Pharmacopoea and what is worse to impose the use of 'em upon the Physicians of a whole Nation is a perfect Physick Popery and Inquisition damning all those that are gifted with too much Knowledge and Honesty to submit to their Fopperies as Popery anathematizes such whose light of reasoning of conviction of Conscience will not be subjected to their impious Indulgences ridiculous Purgatory and blind idolatrous Worship And as Luther was the first that succeded in the detecting the antiquated follies of whole centuries of Ages the chief scope whereof was no other than by an usurpt Dominion over the Consciences of Men and detaining of them in that blind slavery to triumph over the Liberties of their Persons and enrich themselves by the high prizes of their Indulgencies Pardons

fifty pounds beyond the recovery of his health 3. Whether he could contemperate his passion in enduring the Part to be laid open to the bone by cutting or burning The Patient very readily consented to the two former conditions Time and Money but to the third being entirely averse took his leave with the ceremony due to so famed a Physician and applyed himself to another of a much lower form who with little preamble advised him to the Bath where he received a perfect cure in six weeks No doubt but Dr. Harvey in Anatomy and happiness of theoretic discoveries might justly pretend the precedency of all his Contemporaries and others before and since have also arrived to a great proficiency in Cat and Dog●cutting also Calf-head and Sheeps-pluck dissecting yet few of 'em when concerned in Practice were gifted with sagacity to know Diseases when offer'd to their view much less capable to curing them in which curative particular the Thinking Physician has the advantage though the Prating Physician by his pretended Anatomy ingrosses the opinion of Mankind CHAP. XXIII Holding forth the Practical Part and Methodus Medendi of the Art of Expectation 1. THE tricks of Malpighi's Dioptrical Anatomy are as subject to a deceptio visus as the Forests Seas and Rivers discerned in the Moon by the glass-eye of an optick tube However the Methodus Medendi can as little boast of the least alteration to the better assistence or use it has mutuated from the light of those Circulation watery and milky chanals and the rest of the novel appearances as a Water-man of his easier passage to Gravesend by spying new Cuts and Creeks that disembogue into the Thames The Remedies and the materia medica are much the same they were one hundred or two years last past though the success issuing from their application is rather less now than in preceding Centuries which cannot be imputed to any thing besides the blind ●aith we give to their idle compound medicines and the neglect of examining the vertues of every Simple in particular 2. So true it is that Observation drawn from experience of the effects of single Remedies upon particular Diseases allowing for variation as to dose time strength and other circumstances of the Patient and Distemper is the sole Inventer and Improver of the Art of Physick as that Non-Observation is the sole cause that modern Physicians in happy Cures are scarce comparable with the Ancients so that the Art is so far from advancing that it is wholly upon the retrograde and for want of due Education in young Students it will in time return again to Machao● and Podalyrius Per varios usus artem experientia fecit Exemplo monstante viam 3. The Sun at Noon-day is not more clear than the evidence of that assertion and others premised in former Paragraphs yet their reception among the vulgar that is so much debauch'd by the false Impressions of Physicians can as little be hoped for as the Gospel among Mahometans that are so deeply prejudiced by impious Doctrines infused into them by their Priests in their Infancy and cherish'd until their Deaths 4. The Tools and the materia medica us'd by the Art of curing Diseases by Expectation are sufficiently discoursed on the practick part consists in the Methodus of applying those insignificant Remedies As the Doctrine of other Arts depends on certain Theorems and Postulata so doth this famous one 1. Most curable Diseases are cured by Nature and Time. 2. Many Diseases become incurable and consequently mortal where Nature is too weak and time too short 3. Nature being strong and the Disease weak or not very violent time is the grand Remedy and the principal Indicatum It follows then that the chief scope and intention of the Expectation Physician is the gaining of Time and to clude the Patient from time to time until Nature hath conquered the Disease The way he deludes the Patient in time is 1. Confidently he assures him from this time to that of relief and abatement of his Distemper in order thereunto presents him with a Narrative of several of his Patients diseased in the same manner how at this hour and that this day and that day they received most sensible abatements but be sure he hath a good Memory for fear the Patient entraps him for sick-men are wonderfully ruminating and oportet Mendacem esse Memorem This part being acted with a good meen as a soure face a black yerking broad Bever a huge weighty Cane that adds much and a pretended Conscience will extreamly as Rhetoricians say incline the hearing and gain the assent of his sick Auditor insomuch that his Spirits will be roused thereby that he may plainly see them walk and jump all over his Phys in a blithe Countenance this fourbery repeated once or twice a day if the Patient feeth well not else will make him patiently expect from one day to another from one week to another and from one Month to another not from one year to another unless he be mad until at last Nature hath vanquish'd the Disease the Patient is cured by Expectation and the Physician steals the Title of triumphant from Nature with a Purse of Guinea's 5. If the Patient prove resty to all good admonitions for gaining of time the Expectation Physician changing his Dialect threatens to desert him as Cottier did the King of France with a Prognostic if any other honester Physician takes him in hand he infallibly dyes moreover gives him very negligent visits makes the Patient send twice or thrice before he comes once and then tarries so little that he pretends this Duke that Earl a third and a fourth Noble man are in a most wonderful hot pursuit for his advice who all are sick of his Distemper This argument is so prevailing that it will tye the Patient to his Bed or his Chamber as long as the Doctor pleases and makes him a slave to any time he thinks fit 6. Besides this Chamber Conversation and Tongue Practice there must be some Remedies prescribed that do no good the best of which are such as do no hurt and consequently must be very safe And since all Remedies tend to this scope that they may assist the Patient in passing over of his time they ought to be prescribed to various set hours which in waiting for he always passeth so much time and therefore he ought to have a different Medicine prescribed for him to take every hour or at least every two hours for as I said the expecting such and such hours is a great means to pass away time Those Expectation medicines should be of different tast and scent but chiefly pleasant so however that they may not be hurtful these are to entertain the Patient's Palat and to a sick man are what the smoke of Tobacco is to one that 's well External medicines are also of great use here in regard they will take up the Patient so much time in applying renewing and