much_o less_o to_o perform_v it_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n impossible_a by_o accident_n only_o be_v somewhat_o different_a as_o if_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v to_o pay_v a_o hundred_o pound_n within_o a_o month_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a pierce_v be_v hinder_v by_o some_o unexpected_a accident_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o he_o can_v make_v the_o sum_n within_o the_o time_n appoint_v albeit_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v in_o conscience_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n to_o wit_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o whole_a debt_n within_o the_o time_n limit_v which_o be_v now_o render_v impossible_a nevertheless_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v what_o he_o can_v viz._n to_o pay_v as_o much_o and_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v able_a the_o reason_n of_o both_o be_v that_o because_o in_o this_o case_n impossibility_n only_o impede_v the_o obligation_n the_o obligation_n be_v only_o so_o far_o take_v away_o as_o the_o performance_n be_v impossible_a but_o in_o the_o rest_n remain_v and_o he_o who_o can_v pay_v all_o he_o owe_v ought_v yet_o to_o pay_v all_o he_o can_v sect_n xiii_o the_o five_o hypothesis_n a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n be_v whatsoever_o be_v against_o any_o precept_n of_o god_n in_o the_o decalogue_n or_o a_o virtuous_a life_n whatsoever_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o our_o piety_n towards_o god_n or_o our_o charity_n towards_o our_o neighbour_n whatsoever_o be_v averse_a to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o peace_n ecclesiastical_a political_a domestical_a in_o a_o word_n whatsoever_o be_v sinful_a hereunto_o appertain_v those_o common_a say_n a_o oath_n be_v not_o the_o bond_n of_o iniquity_n in_o sinful_a promise_n revoke_v thy_o faith_n etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n be_v because_o every_o unlawful_a thing_n be_v against_o duty_n but_o all_o obligation_n be_v to_o duty_n furthermore_o whatsoever_o be_v unlawful_a be_v in_o some_o sort_n forbid_v by_o god_n either_o immediate_o or_o by_o consequence_n but_o god_n prohibition_n oblige_v unto_o the_o not_o do_v of_o that_o which_o be_v forbid_v which_o obligation_n a_o subsequent_a oath_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o three_o hypothesis_n can_v make_v void_a nay_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o can_v do_v without_o sin_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v oblige_v unto_o the_o performance_n thereof_o that_o he_o be_v rather_o oblige_v in_o no_o wise_a to_o perform_v the_o same_o but_o you_o will_v say_v for_o a_o man_n not_o to_o fulfil_v his_o oath_n be_v perjury_n nay_o very_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v unlawful_a whereunto_o thou_o be_v sworâ—_n thou_o be_v then_o perjure_v when_o thou_o swear_v thou_o be_v not_o perjure_v when_o thou_o repente_v and_o therefore_o to_o fulfil_v a_o unlawful_a thing_n because_o thou_o have_v swear_v it_o be_v to_o heap_v wickedness_n upon_o perjury_n like_o pelion_n upon_o ossa_n or_o drunkenness_n to_o thirst_n to_o fulfil_v rather_o the_o measure_n of_o perjury_n than_o thy_o oath_n to_o persevere_v in_o perjury_n with_o obdurity_n and_o impenitence_n sect_n fourteen_o nevertheless_o concern_v this_o hypothesis_n i_o must_v advertise_v that_o this_o question_n whether_o this_o or_o that_o oath_n be_v lawful_a differ_v very_o much_o from_o that_o whether_o this_o or_o that_o oath_n oblige_v for_o although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v swear_v nevertheless_o it_o may_v come_v and_o do_v come_v very_o often_o to_o pass_v that_o what_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v swear_v ought_v notwithstanding_o to_o be_v perform_v of_o this_o the_o league_n make_v by_o joshua_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n be_v a_o most_o evident_a example_n the_o difference_n lie_v in_o this_o where_o a_o oath_n be_v therefore_o unlawful_a because_o that_o which_o a_o man_n swear_v be_v a_o unlawful_a thing_n there_o he_o sin_v both_o way_n in_o swear_v and_o in_o perform_v as_o if_o one_o shall_v swear_v to_o slay_v a_o innocent_a and_o do_v it_o he_o be_v guilty_a both_o of_o perjury_n and_o murder_n and_o such_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o no_o way_n bind_v which_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o this_o last_o hypothesis_n but_o where_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unlawful_a become_v otherwise_o unlawful_a by_o some_o external_a defect_n or_o through_o some_o undue_a circumstance_n it_o may_v oblige_v the_o party_n swear_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n except_o there_o appear_v other_o impediment_n and_o in_o this_o case_n come_v in_o that_o vulgar_a speech_n fieri_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la factum_fw-la valet_fw-la we_o may_v therefore_o distinguish_v a_o oath_n may_v be_v say_v unlawful_a two_o way_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n swear_v or_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v a_o oath_n unlawful_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n swear_v do_v in_o no_o wise_a oblige_v a_o oath_n unlawful_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v oblige_v except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o cause_n but_o thus_o much_o of_o these_o hypothesis_n which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o lead_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n be_v prop_n and_o supporter_n whereupon_o those_o thing_n whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o the_o sollution_n of_o that_o bond_n be_v sustain_v the_o three_o lecture_n contain_v sixteen_o case_n summary_n 1_o 2._o the_o use_n of_o method_n and_o order_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v of_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n 3._o oath_n of_o a_o thing_n simple_o impossible_a 4._o oath_n of_o a_o impossible_a thing_n and_o from_o the_o beginning_n improbable_a 5._o oath_n of_o a_o impossible_a thing_n and_o from_o the_o beginning_n probable_a 6._o oath_n of_o a_o necessary_a thing_n 7._o oath_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n 8._o oath_n of_o a_o thing_n simple_o unlawful_a 9_o oath_n of_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a by_o circumstance_n 10._o oath_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o seem_v unlawful_a to_o the_o party_n swear_v 11._o oath_n repugnant_a to_o former_a obligation_n 12._o oath_n hinder_v some_o good_a 13._o oath_n tend_v to_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v 14._o oath_n give_v scandal_n to_o another_o 15._o oath_n of_o a_o indifferent_a thing_n 16._o oath_n to_o do_v what_o another_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v 17_o 18._o oath_n to_o preserve_v law_n and_o observe_v statute_n 19_o caution_n concern_v a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o thing_n mention_v sect_n i._o i_o begin_v here_o to_o launch_v into_o a_o vaâ—t_a sea_n be_v to_o fulfil_v the_o promise_n and_o speak_v of_o the_o doubtful_a case_n of_o conscience_n which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o i_o shall_v do_v according_a unto_o the_o four_o kind_n of_o cause_n but_o before_o i_o weigh_v anchor_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o advertise_v you_o that_o i_o shall_v noâ—_n trouble_v myself_o very_o much_o in_o the_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v true_o the_o use_n of_o order_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o study_n and_o discourse_n be_v very_o great_a and_o necessary_a without_o which_o a_o man_n by_o assiduous_a and_o abundant_a read_n may_v perhaps_o acquire_v unto_o himself_o a_o mass_n of_o various_a learning_n but_o that_o confuse_a indigested_a and_o without_o any_o great_a profit_n on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o excessive_a curiosity_n of_o method_n which_o i_o find_v some_o too_o industruous_o to_o affect_v i_o have_v ever_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v avoid_v as_o a_o kind_n of_o troublesome_a superstition_n and_o no_o small_a remora_fw-la to_o such_o as_o be_v studious_a it_o shall_v satisfy_v i_o so_o to_o reduce_v all_o that_o which_o i_o be_o about_o to_o deliver_v unto_o certain_a class_n that_o at_o the_o least_o some_o reason_n of_o resemblance_n or_o analogy_n may_v show_v why_o i_o do_v it_o nor_o shall_v it_o trouble_v i_o much_o if_o a_o fault_n be_v find_v that_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v not_o well_o reduce_v to_o the_o formal_a or_o some_o effect_n of_o it_o to_o the_o final_a cause_n now_o see_v where_o all_o the_o cause_n concur_v to_o produce_v a_o effect_n matter_n in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v require_v as_o the_o first_o subject_n of_o generation_n in_o the_o next_o the_o efficient_a cause_n which_o by_o act_v produce_v the_o form_n in_o the_o three_o the_o â—orm_n which_o by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o efficient_a be_v to_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o matter_n last_o the_o end_n for_o who_o sake_n the_o efficient_a operate_v we_o as_o it_o be_v follow_v these_o step_n of_o nature_n will_v begin_v with_o matter_n and_o thence_o in_o their_o order_n proceed_v unto_o the_o rest_n sect_n ii_o by_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n i_o mean_v that_o about_o which_o it_o be_v employ_v and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n whereof_o it_o be_v make_v
among_o we_o the_o oath_n of_o homage_n of_o royal_a supremacy_n and_o the_o like_a no_o man_n deny_v these_o oath_n either_o to_o be_v lawful_a or_o obligatory_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o frequent_a incertainty_n of_o the_o law_n whereunto_o they_o relate_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v doubt_v how_o far_o they_o oblige_v doubtless_o the_o subject_a to_o his_o power_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v all_o right_n which_o appear_v either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n legitimate_a whether_o define_v by_o the_o write_a law_n or_o in_o force_n through_o long_a use_n of_o time_n or_o prescription_n â—â—at_o be_v so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v know_v or_o may_v moral_o be_v know_v but_o he_o be_v not_o equal_o oblige_v unto_o the_o observation_n of_o all_o those_o which_o be_v controvert_v or_o doubtful_a especial_o since_o powerful_a man_n be_v accustom_v to_o stretch_v their_o teather_n and_o leap_v over_o the_o landmark_n of_o their_o neighbour_n not_o content_v themselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o own_o right_n nevertheless_o a_o subject_n ought_v to_o be_v always_o prepare_v in_o mind_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o justness_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v doubtful_a shall_v appear_v to_o acknowledge_v and_o defend_v they_o sect_n xviii_o the_o last_o case_n be_v where_o a_o oath_n be_v require_v of_o member_n of_o any_o community_n as_o of_o a_o city_n university_n or_o college_n society_n of_o merchant_n or_o handicraft_n man_n to_o observe_v the_o statute_n custom_n and_o liberty_n of_o that_o corporation_n if_o you_o ask_v what_o the_o obligation_n be_v i_o answer_v first_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v simple_o unto_o the_o observation_n as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v of_o all_o fundamental_a statute_n by_o fundamental_a i_o understand_v such_o as_o most_o necessary_o and_o near_o concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o public_a estate_n order_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n but_o second_o not_o that_o always_o and_o necessary_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o lettâ—r_n but_o as_o they_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n and_o receive_v by_o custom_n and_o as_o they_o be_v with_o approbation_n observe_v by_o other_o three_o concern_v the_o lesser_a statute_n appeartain_v only_o unto_o external_a form_n and_o decency_n which_o by_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o form_n of_o the_o sanction_n or_o any_o other_o probable_a conjecture_n a_o discreet_a man_n may_v judge_v not_o to_o have_v be_v frame_v with_o intention_n of_o rigid_a obligation_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v thâ—m_o ordinary_o yet_o so_o as_o without_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n he_o may_v sometime_o have_v just_a cause_n for_o it_o pretermit_v that_o which_o be_v prescribe_v to_o be_v do_v by_o some_o statute_n provide_v it_o be_v without_o scandal_n or_o contempt_n four_o the_o obligation_n be_v extend_v unto_o statute_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a provide_v they_o be_v possible_a just_a and_o honest_a five_o if_o any_o statute_n after_o the_o oath_n takâ—n_v be_v abrogated_a or_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n as_o to_o the_o statute_n cease_v and_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v any_o long_a to_o observe_v it_o unless_o he_o have_v swear_v in_o express_a word_n unto_o the_o matter_n itself_o decree_v by_o that_o statute_n for_o in_o that_o case_n though_o the_o statute_n be_v take_v away_o the_o obligation_n remain_v six_o see_v statute_n of_o corporation_n be_v very_o many_o and_o many_o of_o they_o unknown_a to_o many_o and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o difficult_a nay_o scarce_o possible_a to_o observe_v they_o all_o exact_o and_o to_o a_o hair_n he_o who_o shall_v behave_v himself_o so_o honest_o that_o willing_o he_o omit_v nothing_o appertain_v to_o his_o duty_n and_o be_v moral_o diligent_a to_o attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o those_o statute_n which_o tend_v thereunto_o and_o resolve_v faithful_o and_o without_o scandal_n to_o be_v serviceable_a unto_o the_o estate_n honour_n and_o peace_n of_o his_o community_n as_o far_o as_o humane_a frailty_n will_v permit_v perform_v doubtless_o with_o a_o very_a good_a conscience_n his_o faith_n give_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o just_a and_o honest_a discharge_v the_o duty_n whereunto_o he_o oblige_v himself_o and_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o public_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n sect_n xix_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la of_o case_n but_o leave_v it_o be_v think_v my_o intention_n to_o permit_v too_o great_a a_o licence_n of_o oath_n because_o i_o have_v so_o often_o say_v that_o this_o or_o that_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v not_o unlawful_a i_o think_v fit_a mature_o to_o advertise_v you_o that_o i_o have_v say_v nothing_o this_o day_n nor_o shall_v hereafter_o that_o may_v give_v any_o man_n reason_n to_o believe_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o swear_v at_o his_o pleasure_n it_o be_v well_o know_v unto_o i_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n not_o without_o great_a necessity_n and_o then_o seldom_o and_o with_o much_o reverence_n to_o be_v use_v but_o my_o meaning_n throughout_o be_v that_o a_o oath_n upon_o this_o or_o that_o occasion_n be_v not_o simple_o and_o general_o unlawful_a for_o example_n when_o i_o say_v on_o oath_n impeditive_a of_o a_o great_a good_a be_v not_o unlawful_a or_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o indifferent_a thing_n be_v not_o unlawful_a my_o sense_n be_v that_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v conclude_v simple_o and_o general_o unlawful_a so_o it_o have_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o due_a condition_n only_a because_o it_o be_v impeditive_a of_o a_o great_a good_a or_o only_o because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o indifferent_a thing_n or_o which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o those_o consideration_n any_o such_o impediment_n but_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o necessary_a and_o in_o all_o other_o respect_v due_o qualify_v the_o four_o lecture_n contain_v seventeen_o case_n summary_n 1._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v propose_v 2._o oath_n of_o child_n 3._o oath_n of_o mad_a man_n and_o fool_n 4._o oath_n of_o man_n drink_v and_o enrage_v 5_o 6._o oath_n of_o one_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o 7._o the_o authority_n of_o he_o who_o give_v a_o oath_n 8._o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v with_o enemy_n heretic_n perjure_a person_n 9_o whether_o a_o oath_n oblige_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o how_o far_o 10._o oath_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o heir_n or_o successor_n 11._o voluntary_a oath_n 12._o oath_n obtain_v by_o fraud_n 13._o oath_n take_v through_o some_o light_a fear_n 14._o oath_n extort_a by_o force_n or_o fear_n 15._o money_o promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v 16._o solution_n of_o objection_n 17._o whether_o silence_n promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v sect_n i._o the_o principal_a difficulty_n appertain_v proper_o unto_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v finish_v in_o the_o forego_n lecture_n we_o proceed_v unto_o the_o solution_n of_o those_o doubt_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v as_o to_o our_o purpose_n twofold_a the_o agent_n to_o which_o effect_n proper_o belong_v and_o the_o impulsive_a cause_n again_o the_o agent_n be_v either_o principal_a or_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o effect_n for_o as_o two_o person_n at_o the_o least_o to_o wit_n the_o person_n swear_v who_o engage_v his_o faith_n and_o the_o deferent_a as_o they_o speak_v who_o follow_v cicero_n or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o engagement_n be_v make_v must_v as_o term_n of_o this_o relation_n concur_v in_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n so_o each_o have_v his_o part_n in_o the_o work_n the_o first_o and_o especial_a belong_v to_o the_o person_n swear_v the_o second_o to_o the_o deferent_a or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v in_o both_o agent_n the_o condition_n or_o aptitude_n of_o the_o person_n be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v next_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o obligation_n wherefore_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o efficient_a cause_n such_o doubt_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o arise_v from_o the_o defect_n of_o some_o condition_n requisite_a on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o principal_a agent_n to_o qualify_v he_o for_o a_o oath_n and_o two_o thing_n especial_o be_v requisite_a unto_o such_o a_o qualification_n rational_a judgement_n and_o lawful_a power_n for_o a_o oath_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v with_o a_o mind_n both_o deliberate_a and_o resolve_v to_o perform_v the_o promise_n but_o he_o who_o be_v not_o endue_v with_o rational_a judgement_n can_v neither_o be_v
some_o assurance_n of_o that_o which_o before_o be_v uncertain_a but_o what_o certainty_n can_v be_v have_v in_o word_n of_o a_o uncertain_a sense_n three_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v who_o if_o he_o take_v the_o oath_n upon_o that_o condition_n prepare_v either_o scandal_n for_o his_o neighbour_n or_o a_o snare_n for_o himself_o for_o this_o kind_n of_o covin_z can_v be_v imagine_v to_o have_v other_o drift_n then_o either_o that_o other_o may_v be_v draw_v by_o our_o example_n though_o against_o their_o conscience_n to_o take_v the_o same_o oath_n which_o be_v to_o give_v scandal_n unto_o our_o neighbour_n or_o that_o something_o else_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o oath_n may_v afterward_o be_v require_v of_o we_o which_o be_v either_o unlawful_a or_o inconvenient_a and_o that_o be_v to_o set_v a_o snare_n for_o ourselves_o wherefore_o let_v a_o prudent_a man_n beware_v how_o he_o suffer_v himself_o thus_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o or_o esteem_v the_o fear_n or_o favour_n of_o any_o at_o that_o rate_n to_o swallow_v the_o bait_n wherein_o he_o know_v certain_o there_o be_v a_o hook_n assure_o that_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v may_v be_v due_o perform_v it_o be_v expedient_a the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v most_o clear_o agreeed_o upon_o by_o all_o the_o interest_v party_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v liquido_fw-la jurare_fw-la scis_fw-la tamen_fw-la &_o liquido_fw-la juratus_fw-la dicere_fw-la possess_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o old_a form_n the_o deferent_a when_o he_o offer_v a_o oath_n to_o the_o party_n about_o to_o swear_v be_v wont_a to_o say_v qua_fw-la de_fw-la repeto_fw-la liquido_fw-la jure_v sect_n xi_o but_o enough_o of_o these_o i_o come_v to_o the_o three_o doubt_n which_o be_v of_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o oath_n according_a to_o the_o latitude_n or_o extent_n of_o the_o same_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v and_o how_o far_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o scope_n the_o first_o case_n be_v where_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v particular_a yet_o the_o word_n be_v general_a for_o example_n papal_a usurpation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o royal_a supremacy_n he_o arrogate_a unto_o himself_o the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o spiritualibus_fw-la throughout_o this_o kingdom_n i_o answer_v such_o a_o oath_n be_v obligatory_a according_a to_o the_o express_a word_n in_o the_o utmost_a latitude_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o a_o law_n though_o make_v upon_o particular_a occasion_n be_v general_a to_o provide_v against_o all_o future_a inconvenience_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n or_o nature_n and_o therefore_o albeit_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o a_o law_n particular_a mention_n be_v often_o make_v of_o that_o grievance_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o enact_v the_o same_o yet_o those_o word_n wherein_o the_o law_n be_v contain_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n general_a which_o be_v do_v industrious_o and_o on_o purpose_n by_o lawgiver_n that_o other_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n may_v fall_v within_o their_o comprehension_n wherefore_o as_o lawyer_n take_v their_o responsal_n upon_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n not_o from_o the_o preamble_n but_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n so_o of_o the_o right_a interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v judgement_n to_o be_v make_v not_o from_o the_o preface_n but_o from_o the_o body_n of_o a_o oath_n sect_n xii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v how_o far_o a_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o some_o condition_n i_o answer_v brief_o first_o if_o the_o word_n contain_v a_o express_a condition_n the_o party_n swear_v be_v not_o bind_v till_o the_o condition_n be_v perform_v as_o if_o caius_n promise_v titius_n a_o hundred_o crown_n to_o morrow_n if_o titius_n give_v he_o this_o day_n possession_n of_o such_o or_o such_o land_n the_o possession_n not_o give_v caius_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o promise_n second_o if_o there_o be_v no_o express_a condition_n yet_o all_o those_o condition_n and_o exception_n which_o be_v presume_v by_o law_n and_o common_a custom_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o i_o will_v do_v this_o or_o that_o if_o god_n permit_v if_o it_o be_v not_o against_o the_o right_n of_o another_o if_o thing_n remain_v as_o now_o they_o stand_v if_o i_o be_v able_a if_o be_v it_o lawful_a etc._n etc._n as_o be_v say_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o second_o hypothesis_n sect_n xiii_o the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n for_o the_o seem_v to_o have_v fulfil_v his_o oath_n who_o do_v according_a to_o that_o which_o he_o intend_v in_o the_o second_o intention_n which_o be_v the_o end_n although_o he_o perform_v it_o not_o according_a to_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o word_n which_o contain_v the_o first_o intention_n only_o or_o mean_n for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n engage_v himself_o by_o vow_n oath_n or_o promise_n to_o allow_v ten_o shilling_n a_o month_n to_o the_o poor_a of_o such_o a_o parish_n and_o in_o january_n and_o february_n give_v nothing_o but_o in_o march_n send_v they_o thirty_o shilling_n i_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o party_n swear_v intend_v to_o oblige_v himself_o unto_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n only_o and_o not_o unto_o the_o circumstance_n and_o manner_n of_o it_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v unto_o that_o way_n which_o the_o word_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v whence_o in_o the_o example_n propound_v if_o he_o have_v pay_v a_o whole_a three_o month_n pension_n in_o the_o first_o month_n doubtless_o he_o have_v perform_v his_o promise_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v that_o by_o accident_n and_o consequence_n he_o may_v become_v oblige_v even_o unto_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o thing_n because_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o impediment_n in_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v safe_a as_o in_o the_o example_n propose_v it_o be_v safe_a to_o pay_v the_o pension_n in_o the_o manner_n promise_v that_o be_v rather_o every_o month_n ten_o then_o in_o the_o three_o thirty_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o danger_n of_o sudden_a death_n and_o uncertain_a event_n and_o to_o avoid_v those_o scruple_n which_o may_v arise_v even_o from_o neglect_a circumstance_n i_o shall_v therefore_o advise_v a_o pious_a man_n that_o he_o be_v careful_a to_o fulfil_v every_o of_o his_o vow_n oath_n promise_n according_a unto_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n and_o of_o his_o intention_n as_o far_o as_o convenient_o he_o may_v even_o to_o the_o slight_a circumstance_n lest_o through_o contempt_n of_o small_a matter_n he_o create_v scruple_n unto_o himself_o or_o by_o degree_n get_v such_o a_o habit_n as_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o contemn_v great_a but_o however_o unto_o one_o thing_n i_o exhort_v all_o and_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n and_o top-stone_n of_o this_o whole_a discourse_n concern_v the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o oath_n that_o above_o all_o they_o be_v watchful_a lest_o they_o be_v too_o indulgent_a unto_o themselves_o in_o this_o business_n or_o while_o they_o pamper_v their_o own_o desire_n weaken_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n with_o over_o mild_a and_o loose_a interpretation_n and_o so_o expose_v themselves_o unto_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n and_o thus_o muâ—h_n shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o formal_a cause_n sect_n fourteen_o there_o remain_v a_o little_a to_o be_v say_v of_o the_o final_a cause_n the_o first_o doubt_n be_v when_o a_o thing_n lawful_a in_o itself_o be_v promise_v with_o a_o ill_a intention_n or_o to_o a_o ill_a end_n first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v simple_o unlawful_a to_o promise_v any_o thing_n though_o lawful_a with_o a_o evil_a intention_n or_o to_o a_o evil_a end_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o one_o defect_n in_o any_o humane_a action_n be_v enough_o to_o render_v the_o whole_a action_n evil_a for_o good_a be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o entire_a cause_n evil_a of_o a_o partial_a so_o especial_o a_o defect_n derogate_a from_o the_o end_n which_o hold_v the_o principal_a place_n in_o moral_a thing_n at_o which_o that_o speech_n of_o our_o saviour_n be_v think_v to_o aim_n but_o if_o thy_o eye_n be_v evil_a thy_o whole_a body_n shall_v be_v full_a of_o darkness_n second_o i_o say_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v have_v swear_v any_o thing_n unto_o another_o for_o a_o dishonest_a end_n yet_o without_o any_o dishonest_a condition_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o party_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o fulfil_v the_o promise_n if_o a_o man_n promise_v a_o woman_n a_o jewel_n intend_v with_o himself_o to_o engage_v she_o by_o that_o token_n unto_o immodest_a love_n nevertheless_o without_o show_n of_o any_o unchaste_a condition_n he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o promise_n the_o reason_n of_o each_o be_v because_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o give_v a_o jewel_n
but_o to_o give_v it_o upon_o lewd_a condition_n unlawful_a three_o i_o say_v that_o which_o be_v promise_v upon_o dishonest_a unlawful_a condition_n the_o condition_n perform_v aught_o to_o be_v fulfil_v at_o least_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a if_o a_o man_n promise_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n unto_o another_o for_o adultery_n false_a witness_n or_o any_o other_o wicked_a exploit_n he_o be_v bind_v when_o the_o other_o have_v perform_v the_o condition_n to_o stand_v to_o his_o promise_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n so_o judah_n right_o understand_v himself_o oblige_v to_o send_v the_o kid_n unto_o thamar_n his_o daughter_n in_o law_n as_o the_o promise_a price_n of_o her_o whoredom_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o although_o the_o bargain_n be_v yet_o the_o thing_n promise_v in_o that_o bargain_n be_v not_o unlawful_a wherefore_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v do_v but_o be_v do_v it_o be_v valid_a and_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v sufficient_o clear_a that_o a_o unlawful_a oath_n of_o a_o lawful_a thing_n may_v be_v obligatory_a sect_n xv._n the_o second_o doubt_n reflect_v upon_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v that_o intention_n i_o mean_v not_o which_o aim_v objective_o at_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n or_o thing_n promise_v whereby_o we_o inquire_v what_o the_o party_n swear_v intend_v by_o this_o promise_n in_o what_o sense_n and_o how_o he_o oblige_v himself_o for_o of_o such_o intention_n we_o have_v already_o speak_v when_o we_o discourse_v upon_o the_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n but_o that_o intention_n be_v here_o understand_v which_o aim_v objective_o at_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v whereby_o we_o inquire_v whether_o he_o intend_v to_o swear_v or_o to_o oblige_v himself_o or_o not_o upon_o which_o scholastic_a dispute_n very_o much_o but_o more_o subtle_o then_o profitable_o i_o shall_v contract_v as_o much_o of_o they_o as_o be_v useful_a into_o a_o narrow_a room_n the_o first_o case_n be_v when_o a_o man_n through_o evil_a custom_n heedless_o abound_v with_o unnecessary_a oath_n i_o say_v first_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o swear_v be_v most_o certain_o a_o very_a grievous_a sin_n not_o only_o original_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n because_o it_o flow_v from_o a_o deprave_a habit_n but_o also_o formal_o and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o act_n for_o asmuch_o as_o a_o act_n in_o itself_o sacred_a be_v rash_o exercise_v not_o in_o judgement_n and_o without_o reverence_n second_o i_o say_v that_o such_o oath_n if_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v through_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v altogether_o inconsiderate_a be_v not_o obligatory_a but_o if_o any_o deliberation_n of_o mind_n be_v present_a though_o small_a they_o be_v in_o part_n obligatory_a the_o reason_n of_o either_o member_n of_o this_o assertion_n be_v because_o deliberation_n of_o mind_n be_v require_v to_o make_v any_o humane_a act_n bind_v and_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o deliberation_n sect_n xvi_o the_o second_o case_n be_v when_o in_o honour_n or_o compliment_n for_o so_o cafuist_n speak_v a_o man_n giddy_o swear_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n for_o example_n if_o one_o contend_v with_o another_o and_o press_v he_o by_o way_n of_o respect_n unto_o precedence_n shall_v swear_v as_o it_o often_o happen_v not_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o the_o door_n sit_v at_o the_o table_n or_o touch_v the_o cup_n till_o the_o other_o be_v first_o out_o or_o fetch_v or_o have_v begin_v nay_o since_o common_o the_o person_n so_o strive_v both_o swear_v the_o same_o thing_n if_o such_o oath_n be_v obligatory_a one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v forswear_a because_o of_o necessity_n one_o must_v do_v that_o which_o each_o swear_v he_o will_v not_o do_v first_o i_o say_v as_o before_o that_o a_o oath_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v rash_a and_o not_o without_o sin_n because_o without_o judgement_n second_o that_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o in_o itself_o obligatory_a except_o the_o act_n be_v altogether_o void_a of_o deliberation_n but_o three_o that_o such_o obligation_n may_v either_o be_v stop_v or_o take_v away_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o who_o do_v otherwise_o then_o he_o have_v swear_v may_v avoid_v perjury_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o obligation_n may_v be_v stop_v if_o it_o be_v understand_v with_o a_o tacit_a condition_n or_o exception_n in_o this_o sense_n if_o it_o please_v you_o or_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v leave_v unto_o i_o i_o will_v not_o stir_v till_o you_o go_v first_o it_o may_v also_o be_v take_v away_o because_o see_v it_o proceed_v from_o consideration_n of_o the_o place_n due_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o other_o recede_v from_o his_o right_n the_o obligation_n cease_v as_o god_n will_v when_o i_o come_v to_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n shall_v more_o plain_o appeat_v sect_n xvii_o the_o three_o case_n be_v whether_o a_o man_n doubtful_a whether_o he_o have_v swear_v or_o no_o be_v bind_v by_o by_o his_o oath_n some_o think_v he_o be_v not_o bind_v from_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n in_o doubtful_a case_n possession_n be_v the_o better_a title_n but_o see_v this_o rule_n be_v of_o force_n in_o thing_n appertain_v only_o unto_o commutative_a justice_n as_o if_o the_o heir_n of_o caius_n shall_v doubt_v whether_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a bequeath_v unto_o he_o by_o will_n be_v lawful_o get_v some_o and_o more_o true_o perhaps_o think_v he_o be_v bind_v unless_o he_o can_v clear_v his_o doubt_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o of_o doubtful_a thing_n the_o safe_a be_v to_o be_v choose_v and_o certain_o it_o be_v more_o safe_a to_o think_v himself_o oblige_v than_o not_o oblige_v because_o by_o that_o error_n he_o expose_v himself_o at_o the_o most_o but_o to_o temporal_a inconvenience_n by_o this_o unto_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n sect_n xviii_o the_o four_o case_n whether_o man_n willing_a to_o swear_v yet_o intend_v not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o be_v nevertheless_o oblige_v most_o of_o the_o scholastics_n and_o casuist_n they_o especial_o who_o be_v before_o cajetan_n deny_v he_o to_o be_v oblige_v and_o ovid_n cydippe_n defend_v herself_o from_o perjury_n at_o this_o ward_n it_o be_v the_o mind_n with_o which_o we_o swear_v and_o i_o have_v no_o such_o meaning_n there_o but_o the_o opinion_n of_o cajetan_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v sound_a who_o hold_v the_o party_n deliberate_o swear_v to_o be_v bind_v whether_o he_o intend_v to_o oblige_v himself_o or_o not_o for_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v be_v both_o in_o itself_o obligatory_a and_o proceed_v from_o a_o deliberate_a mind_n therefore_o obligation_n unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o impede_v must_v necessary_o follow_v wherefore_o see_v that_o obligation_n flow_v necessary_o and_o natural_o from_o a_o oath_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o man_n to_o hinder_v or_o remove_v it_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n state_v no_o man_n can_v hinder_v their_o necessary_a effect_n be_v it_o not_o ridiculous_a if_o he_o who_o have_v sign_v and_o seal_v a_o bond_n shall_v plead_v that_o he_o have_v no_o intention_n thereby_o to_o oblige_v himself_o nay_o will_v he_o not_o be_v oblige_v notwithstanding_o that_o plea_n he_o therefore_o who_o take_v a_o oath_n be_v as_o much_o oblige_v by_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v whatsoever_o he_o intend_v or_o profess_v he_o intend_v for_o he_o who_o intend_v the_o cause_n be_v presume_v also_o to_o intend_v the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o that_o cause_n and_o thus_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n direct_v and_o your_o patience_n accompany_v i_o at_o length_n i_o have_v finish_v this_o difficult_a and_o scatter_a dispute_n concern_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n which_o concern_v the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n i_o shall_v short_o by_o god_n help_n deliver_v in_o one_o lecture_n the_o seven_o lecture_n of_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o of_o the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o oath_n contain_v five_o case_n and_o so_o many_o conclusion_n summary_n 1_o what_o truth_n be_v require_v in_o a_o promissory_a oath_n 2_o what_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n be_v 3_o whether_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v dispense_v withal_o 4_o the_o pope_n power_n of_o dispense_n with_o oath_n examine_v 5_o whether_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v commute_v 6_o the_o superior_a may_v invalidate_v the_o oath_n of_o his_o subject_n 7_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n cease_v the_o obligation_n cease_v 8_o a_o oath_n may_v be_v release_v by_o he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v make_v 9_o it_o be_v not_o unlawful_a to_o swear_v 10_o the_o custom_n of_o swear_v in_o ordinary_a â—discourse_n evil_a 11_o a_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o swear_v without_o necessity_n 12_o caution_n in_o oath_n require_v by_o other_o 13_o a_o