A LARGE EXAMINATION TAKEN at Lambeth according to his Maiesties direction point by point of M. George Blakwell made Archpriest of England by Pope Clement 8. Vpon occasion of a certaine answere of his without the priuitie of the State to a Letter lately sent vnto him from Cardinall Bellarmine blaming him for taking the oath of Allegeance Together with the Cardinals Letter and M. Blakwels said answere vnto it Also M. Blakwels Letter to the Romish Catholickes in England aswell Ecclesiasticall as Lay. ¶ Imprinted at London by Robert Barker Printer to the Kings most Excellent Maiestie 1607. A COPY OF THE ACT OF M. BLAKwell his verifying and acknowledging of this his Examination c. Before his Maiesties Commissioners for causes Ecclesiasticall at Lambeth the first of February 1607. iuxta c. THis day Sir Thomas Crompton knight his Maiesties Aduocate did in the presence of M. George Blakwell exhibite into the Court foure seuerall writings The first was the originall letter it selfe as M. Blakwell confessed sent vnto him from Cardinall Bellarmine dated at Rome the xxviij day of September 1607. It was endorsed in this sort Admodum Reuerendo Domino D. Georgio Blacuello Archipresbytero Angliae and subscribed thus Reuerendae admodum D. V. frater seruus in Christo Robertus Cardinalis Bellarminus beginning with these wordes Venerabilis in Christo Domine frater Anni sunt ferè quadraginta quòd inuicem non viderimus c and ending with these words Vale viriliter age confortetur cor tuum The second was an answere of M. Blakwels to the said letter of the Cardinall written all of it with his owne hand and is the true copy he saith of that which he did send to the Cardinall the marginal quotations onely excepted which he confesseth he hath since added This letter beareth date the xiij of Nouember 1607. and beginning thus Doleo plurimùm quòd Illustrissima Amplitudo vestra de me propter Catholicam fidem incarcerato c. doeth thus end Nisi quod beatus Petrus aut soluerit aut ligauerit These two Letters did giue occasion of the other two writings exhibited the first whereof was an Examination of M. Blakwel taken at seuerall times by the Lord Archbishop of Canterburie as touching the particular points of his answere to the Cardinall and other necessary consequents thereupon depending It conteined 114. pages which were euery one of them subscribed vnto by M. Blakwell as he confessed with his owne hand it began in this maner He saith that because he perceiueth that diuers exceptions are taken against his late Letter c and ended with these words and therein he had his desire The fourth paper exhibited was a true copy as M. Blakwell acknowledged of a letter of his directed to all the Catholickes in England aswell Ecclesiasticall as Lay dated from the Clinke the xx of Ianuary 1607. It was thus endorsed To my reuerend Assistants with the rest of my deare brethren both of the Cleargie and Laitie and thus subscribed Georgius Blakwellus Archipresbyter Angliae Protonotarius Apostolicus The beginning of it was as followeth Very reuerend and my dearest beloued brethren both Priests and people Catholicke your seruant in bandes George Blakwell c and this was the end of it And confirme you in euery good worke and word And touching the contents both of his said Examination and letter exhibited into the Court as is aforesaid the same being shewed vnto him page by page subscribed with his owne hand as is aboue mentioned he did auow them to be true and that whatsoeuer is either in his said Letter or in his answeres throughout the course of his whole Examination to the questions matters propounded vnto him is agreeable to his conscience so farre forth as by his reading and learning hee is able to iudge And this he protested before God he had done simply and faithfully without any reseruations or euasions by any shifting or equiuocation either verball or mentall answering in euery thing according as he thought to the intent and meaning of his Examiner as if he had bene sworne agreeably to the rule of S. Bernard in the like case Quacunque arte verborum quis iuret Deus qui conscientiae testis est accipit sicut ille cui hoc iuratur intelligit and to that of S. Hierome Tantus in te sit veri amor vt quicquid dixeris iuratum putes And all the premisses hee acknowledged openly in Court and subscribed vnto them the day and yeere aboue written Georgius Blakwellus Archipresbyter Protonotarius Apostolicus Before vs R. Cant. Tho. London L. Cicestr James Mountagu Edw. Stanhop J. Bennet R. Swale Rich. Neile John King William Farrand CARDINAL BELlarmines Letter to the Arch-priest ¶ Admodum Reuerendo Domino Georgio Blacuello Archipresbytero Anglorum Robertus S. R. E. Cardinalis Bellarminus S. D. VEnerabilis in Christo Domine frater Anni sunt ferè quadraginta quòd inuicem non viderimus sed ego tamen veteris nostrae consuetudinis nunquam oblitus sum teque in vineâ Domini strenuè laborantem quando aliter non potui orationibus Deo commendare non destiti me quoque in tuâ memoriâ toto hoc tempore vixisse in tuis orationibus ad Altare Domini locum aliquem habuisse non dubito Ita igitur ad hoc vsque tempus non verbis aut literis sed opere veritate vt Sanctus Ioannes loquitur alter in alterius dilectione permansimus Sed hoc silentium rumpere coegit nuncius qui diebus istis de tuis vinculis carcere ad nos venit Qui quidem nuncius etsi tristis videri poterat ob iacturam pastoralis tuae sollicitudinis quam Ecclesia ista fecit tamen laetus quoque videbatur quoniam ad Martyrij gloriam quo dono Dei nullum est foelicius propinquabas vt qui tot annis gregem tuum verbo doctrinâ pauisses nunc exemplo patientiae gloriosiùs pasceres Verùm hanc laetitiam non mediocriter interturbauit ac ferè corrupit tristis alius nuncius qui de cōstantiâ tuâ in recusando illicito iuramento ab aduersarijs tentatâ fortè etiam labefactâ prostratâ successit Neque enim frater charissime iuramentum illud ideo licitum esse potuit quòd aliquo modo temperatum modificatum offerebatur Scis enim eiusmodi modificationes nihil esse aliud quà m Satanae dolos versutias vt fides Catholica de primatu sedis Apostolicae vel apertè vel occulté petatur pro quâ fide tot inclyti Martyres in istâ ipsâ Angliâ ad sanguinem vsque pugnârunt Certè enim quibuscunq verbis iuramentum ab aduersarijs fidei concipiatur in Regno isto eò tendit vt auctoritas capitis Ecclesiae à Successore Sancti Petri ad successorem Henrici octaui in Angliâ transferatur Quod enim obtenditur de periculo vitae Regis si summus Pontifex eam in Angliâ potestatem habeat
Blakwell to frame his owne answeres according to his owne minde to offer vnto his further consideration sundry other speeches of his said authors and some others of the like authoritie the same being as pertinent to his purpose as the former by himselfe alledged where they say as followeth 27 That the supreme Iurisdiction temporall Franc. Bozius de temporali Ecclesiae Monarchia lib. 1. cap. 3. fol. 52. Idem lib. 1. cap. 7. fol. 98. throughout all the world doeth belong to S. Peters successors so as one and the same is the Hierarch and Monarch in all things That Christ left the Church to be gouerned by the best forme of gouernment but the best forme of gouernment is the absolute Monarchie euen in all temporall things therefore Christ left his Church so to be gouerned That the keyes of heauen Idem lib. 2. cap. 14. Idem lib. 3. cap. 1 fol. 394. were giuen to Peter therfore of all the earth That the right of dominion and prelation of infidels may iustly by the sentence and ordination of the Church be taken away because Infidels by reason of their infidelitie do deserue to lose their power ouer the faithfull That the Church hath receiued that power ouer Idem ibidem cap. 14 fol. 530. nations which Christ according to his humane nature receiued of the Father but Christ receiued absolutely of the Father all power in temporalibus therefore the Church likewise receiued it by participation of his fulnesse That the supreme power coactiue in all Idem ibidem cap. 16. fol. 537. temporall things belongeth to Ecclesiasticall persons by the diuine lawe reuealed and expressed in the Scriptures That kings anointed with holy oyle are called Idem fol. 676. Idem lib. 5. fol. 823. as vassals of the Church That by reason of the supreme Monarchie in all things temporall lawes may be made by the Church and kingdomes taken away for iust causes 28. That kings and principall Seculars are not immediatly of GOD but by the interposition of holy Tho. Bâ—zius de iure status lib. 1. cap. 6. fol. 37. Idem ibidem fol 52. Idem lib. 3. cap. 5. fol. 277. Church and of her chiefe Bishops That warlike and militarie compulsiue power is giuen to the Church ouer kings and princes That if it be found sometimes that certaine Emperours haue giuen some temporalties to the highest Bishops as Constantine gaue vnto Syluester this is not to bee vnderstood that they gaue any thing which was their owne but restored that which was vntustly and tyrannically taken from the said Bishops That Christ committed to Saint Peter the carrier of the keyes of eternall life the right both of the Idem lib. 4. cap. 1. fol. 319. terrene and celestiall Empire as Pope Nicholas saith from whom we haue it that he is without doubt an hereticke that taketh away the rights of the terrene and celestiall Empire committed by Christ to the Church of Rome and saith it is lawfull so to doe and for that he shall be an hereticke in such his assertions 29 That the Pope is called vniuersall iudge king Isidor Mosc de maiest militant Ecclesiae pag. 27. Idem pag 77. Idem pag. 95. of kings and lord of lords That the Pope is consecrated as the great Priest and crowned as a king because he hath both powers That the Pope doeth vse his power after two sorts either absolutely or ordinarily absolutely when he derogateth from lawes in abolishing them ordinarily when he vseth lawes Whence this rule is giuen that the Pope vseth the Counsell of his Cardinalles when he will liue by his lawes But if hee will vse the plenitude of his power then he disposeth of matters without the Counsell of his Cardinals sith his power is of God and not of the Colledge of Cardinals That not onely all faithfull people but likewise Infidels Idem pag. 96 and euery naturall creature is subiect to the commandement of the Pope he is to bee worshipped of all men and for this cause he receiueth of all the faithfull adorations prostrations and kissings of his feete That Idem pag. 92. vnto the Pope as to the Pastor of the Church and the Bishop of that holy See and by reason of his Dominion and excellencie is giuen adoratio duliae the worship giuen to Images and Saints That the Bishop of Idem pag. 99. Rome in signe of his Empire and kingdome doth vse vpon his head a Regall Diademe and in token of his Priesthood and Pontificall Maiestie a Miter That Idem pag. 677. Emperors and Kings may bee compelled to keepe their oathes taken in their coronation and confirmation in that by vertue of such an oath they are made the Popes subiects 30 That by the law of God and nature the Priesthood doeth ouer-top the Empire and both Iurisdictions Henrie Gandauen apud Carer pag. 128 ouer spiritualties and temporalties and the immediate execution likewise of them both depend vpon the Priesthood both by the law of God and of nature That Antoninus apud Carer pag. 130. they which say the Pope hath dominion ouer all the world in spiritualties but not in temporalties are like the Counsellers of the king of Syria who said The Gods of the mountaines are their gods and therefore they haue ouercome vs let vs fight with them in the plaines and valleyes where their gods dwel not and we shall preuaile against them 3. Reg. 20. That the sonne of God hath declared the altitude of the Ecclesiasticall power being as it Aug. Triumph apud Carer pag. 130. were founded vpon a rocke to be aboue all principalitie and power that vnto it all knees should bee bowed of things in heauen in earth and vnder the earth or in Idem ibidem pag. 132. hell That secular powers were not necessarie but that Princes might performe that through terrour of discipline which the Priest cannot effect by power of doctrine and that therefore if the Church could punish euill men Imperiall and secular principalitie were not necessarie the same being included potentially in the principalitie Apostolicall 31 That there are diuers powers of men giuen by Carer de pot Rom. Pont. pag. 142. God and diuerse authorities all which doe depend vpon the highest authoritie meaning the Popes and thence as the starres from the sunne doe receiue their light That the Imperiall power concerning the administration Idem pag. 145. of temporall matters doeth proceed from the Pontificall power as the light of the Moone doeth from the light of the sunne That as God is the supreme Idem pag. 150. Monarch of the world and the gouernour of all temporalties productiuè gubernatiuè by producing and gouerning them though of himselfe he be not temporall and of the world so it must be confessed that although his Vicar the Pope hath originally and of himselfe the dominion ouer all temporalties yet he hath it not by immediate execution but doeth by his
that Reges non possunt esse serui Soueraignes cannot bee vassals so it doth no way derogate from the high dignitie and calling of the Bishop of Rome but rather doth greatly aduaunce it to say that because hee cannot erre there are therefore many things which hee cannot doe For example euen in the point questioned as the Pope cannot determine it to be lawfull vnder any pretence whatsoeuer for a man to commit adultery with his neighbours wife no more can he determine it to bee lawfull vnder any pretence whatsoeuer for any of his Maiesties subiects to beare armes against him both of them being against the morall law of God which the Gospel doeth in no one point preiudice Nor as he cannot by any determination or resolution vpon any pretence whatsoeuer make a sonne to bee no sonne during the life of his father no more can he make the borne subiect of any king not to be his subiect so long as the king liueth 90 That he is also altogether of this opinion that whereas the defining of the Popes said vndetermined authoritie to depose kings c. standing vpon this issue that either he hath indeede no such authoritie at all or else that he hath it as being dominus temporalium directè the lorde of temporall things directly or as dominus temporalium in ordine ad spiritualia indirectè the lord of temporall things in an order vnto spirituall things indirectly forasmuch as such a determination must of necessity include the condemnation of the opinion either of Cardinall Bellarmine and of that strong side that taketh his part which may breede some further trouble or of Cardinall Baronius and those that ioine with him being many and increasing dayly more and more with great confidency that they haue the trueth which no doubt will bee found inconuenient considering that their positions doe much more tend to the honour of the Church of Rome then those that are mainteined as peremptorily by the other side he this Examinate is of this opinion as he saith that there will neuer be any such determination as hath bene obiected or at least that it will not bee for many yeeres yet to come whilest there is so strong opposition concerning the manner how and in what sort Christ gaue Saint Peter that authority if he gaue it him at all viz whether directly or indirectly immediatly or by a certaine consequence except it may bee held to be sufficient leauing both the sides mentioned contending amongst themselues without any certaine grounds firme reasons impregnable testimonies either of Scriptures or Ancient Fathers first agreed vpon by the Church and concluded so to define as is imagined which this Examinate is fully assured the Pope and Cardinals being men of such excellencie and wisedome will neuer attempt 91 That although it may peraduenture bee confidently giuen out as it hath bene vntruely by many already that the Pope to haue authoritie to depose kings c. is defined at Rome to be held as a point of faith thereby still to keepe on foote the ancient opinion since Gregorie the seuenths time of the Popes authoritie in that behalfe for the good of Christian kings and Princes that they might be the rather induced to continue in some awe and feare if they did not their dueties belonging to Christianitie yet hee this Examinate thinketh it very necessary that no Catholicke should giue any faith to that report except he may see the same authentically so confirmed and euident as the Canon lawes in a case of such importance doe require which this Examinate is fully perswaded they shall neuer see or that if any such thing should happen to fall out this Examinate is verily perswaded it will not bee a generall resolution touching the Popes authoritie to depose kings c but onely to the point in question nowe amongst Catholickes here in England that it is not lawfull to take the said oath of Allegeance and then this Examinate further saith that the same will bee built vpon this false ground that the oath of Allegeance doeth include the oath against the Popes supremacie in causes Ecclesiasticall as he foreseeth already by the Cardinals letter vnto him and by the said Cristanouic who hauing set down the said oth at large writeth thus Quod iuramentum De Primatu Regis in spiritualibus And what oath Of the kings Supremacy in causes spiritual that therfore if any such resolution come authentically as is aforesaid the same as all Catholickes are to iudge of the Popes sinceritie being procured by surreption and false suggestions ad destructionem to destruction no Catholicke is bound to be ouer-ruled by it but the same notwithstanding euery Catholicke may safely and lawfully take the saide oath of Allegeance if according to the Statute in that behalfe made hee be required so to doe 92 That also whatsoeuer may fall out at Rome either touching the said oath of Allegeance or the Popes authoritie in temporalibus without any mention of it therin whether he hath it directly or indirectly the same will not be more amply set out and declared then it was before by Boniface Bonifac. de maior obedientia vnam sanctam the 8. where he writeth in this sort In hac eiusdem potestate duos esse gladios spiritualem viz temporalem Euangelicis dictis instruimur Nam dicentibus Apostolis Ecce duo gladij hîc in Ecclesiâ scil cùm Apostoli loquerentur non respondit Dominus nimis est sed satis Certè qui in potestate Petri temporalem gladium esse negat malè verbum attendit Domini proferentis Conuerte gladium tuum in vaginam Vterque ergo est in potestate Ecclesiae spiritualis scil materialis That is We are warranted by the wòrds of the Gospel that in his power were two swords the one spirituall the other temporall For when the Apostles saide Beholde here are two swords meaning in the Church sith the Apostles spake it Christ replied not it is too much but it is enough Assuredly whosoeuer denieth that the temporall sword is in S. Peters power he doth not wel marke the speech of Christ saying Put vp thy sword into the sheath Therefore both swords are in the power of the Church as well the temporall as the spirituall And a little after Veritate testante spiritualis potestas terrena instituere habet iudicare That is Trueth it selfe testifying that the spirituall power is to order and to iudge earthly affaires according to the prophet Ieremies words Ego constituite hodie super gentes regna caetera quae sequuntur I haue set thee this day ouer nations and kingdomes c All which particulars notwithstanding for the setting out of that Constitution purposely made against the king of France Clemens the fift shortly after made another constitution to the empeachment of the former wherein he writeth thus Nos Regi regno per definitionem declarationem bonae memoriae Bonifacij Papae 8
and other commendable authors haue Card. Alanus in respon ad Iustitiam Anglicanam Sixtus Senens in bihliotheca Sancta S. R. cont Tho. Bell. R. P. cont Morton pag. 69. to the memorie of posteritie recorded in their writings Neither is there cause why any man should haue so much as the least suspicion that the sense aforesaid was admitted by the Magistrate to the intent to deface or impaire or despoile the dignitie Apostolicke Surely such apprehensions bred out of iealousie are for the most part deceitful Masters and beget feare where there is no feare But to pursue my intended course that also which is deliuered by the most Illustrious Cardinall Caietane in his answere to the Parisiens Caietan tom 1. tract 1. Apologiae parte 2. cap. 13. doeth concurre vnto my defence that either of these points may truely be determined concerning the Pope both that he hath a supreme power in matters temporall and that he hath not a supreme power in matters temporall because they are both of them true in a right understanding The affirmatiue is true in order to things spirituall the negatiue is true directly or as things temporall are considered in themselues So as there can no errour growe by either of the two decisions Thus saith he And this opinion likewise the best Catholicke writers haue inserted into their bookes viz. that the Pope forasmuch as hee is but of a finite and Alphons Mendoza in relectione de Regno Dominio Christi num 15. Petrus de Arragon quaest 67. art 1. bounded capacitie and is many times ignorant of the order and proportion of temporall things how they may make vnto a spirituall end is not therefore in an absolute manner to haue dominion ouer temporals but only after a limited and prescribed rule as he is able according to the measure of humane intelligence to discerne how temporals may be auaileable to things spirituall The same opinion doe I finde deliuered by another sound Catholicke author in these words That the Popes power in Temporals is limited and that he Ioan. Pedrezzanus in respons ad Veneros may not dispose of them but to a certaine proportion that is so farre as is necessarie for a spirituall end Seeing therefore the Popes power in temporals is in this sort tied and restrained why should we incurre so heauie a reproofe for affirming that the Pope hath not power to depose our King in as much as the perturbation of the Church and the ouerthrow of the Catholickes with vs in their goods and possessions and the indamaging of many soules were thereby like to ensue Let your Amplitude heare not mee but the defender of your owne assertion against the Venetians whose words are these The power of the highest Ioan. Pedrezzanus in Respons ad Venetos Bishop is limited that it may not dispose of temporals beyond the necessity of a supernaturall end To these also may be adioyned your most excellent Amplitudes own opinion In regard of the persons the Pope cannot as he is Pope Ioan. 5. de Rom. Pontif. cap. 6. by his ordinarie power though there be iust cause depose temporall princes in that manner as hee deposeth Bishops that is as their ordinarie Iudge but he may as the supreme spirituall prince alter kingdomes take them from one and giue them to another if neede so require for the sauing of soules Which wordes doe plainely strengthen our admittance of the Oath For the words of the oath are that the Pope hath not authoritie to depose the King or to dispose any of his Maiesties kingdomes or dominions And the common vnderstanding doeth with the Magistrate encline to no other conceit then to this The Pope as he is Pope for it cannot reach vnto that construction as he is the chiefe spirituall prince And when the oath is propounded to be taken the sense thereof apprehended by the Magistrate is restrained to an ordinary power For they who exhibite the oath are as farre as may be from any thought of an extraordinary or indirect power residing in the Pope Besides if your Amplitudes most mild disposition could but in the least part conceiue the ruines of Catholicke families which the refusall of this othe would bring vpon vs assuredly you would not dissent from vs who by most wofull examples doe finde that from thence were like to proceede not onely the losse and hazard of soules but the lamentable extirpation of the whole Catholicke state amongst vs. Sith therefore wee doe sensibly finde that the authoritie of the supreme Bishop touching the deposition of our King cannot tende to the promoting of Spirituall matters but to the ouerthrow of them why should wee be thus shaken vp as hauing reuolted from the Faith and denied the Primacie Apostolicke who mainteine nothing but what is generally concluded on amongst Diuines Suarez saith In summe all these temporals Suarez disput 16. de Excommun maior sect 1. Salmeron tom 4. 416. doe fall but indirectly vnder the power spirituall that is in order vnto a spirituall end And Salmeron Peters power is giuen onely to edification which in other words is vsually said The key not erring And speaking of the Popes power he saith If it tend to destruction it is not abilitie Idem ibidem pag. 420. or power but impotencie and defect wee can doe that which we can iustly doe Martinue Nauar. Relect. cap. Nouit de Iudic. notab 3. pag. 106. Aspilcueta treating of Ecclesiasticall power hath these words It shall therefore extend it selfe so farre vnto things temporall as the order of things supernaturall doth require and no further With these let Couarruuias bee ranged Couar tom 2. pag. 506. num 7. The resolution of this question is plaine that wee conclude the definition of the Catholicke Church euer reserued that the Bishop of Rome hath not either actually or habitually a temporall iurisdiction ouer the whole world no not ouer Christians themselues further then may be necessary for the more commodious and easie vse of the spirituall iurisdiction and power I might longer flote in this currant of learned men which doth plenteously flow out to my defence concerning the Oath For who so shall with an indifferent eye beholde the dangers we are in would easily find that the power of the supreme Bishop in the deposition of our King cannot as the case standeth tall within the compasse of any order to releiue things spirituall but breaketh forth to the suppressing of all which hath beene hitherto well setled in the same Whence it may appeare into how miserable a condition those ouer-heauie sharpe animaduersions doe cast me that through the subtilties of Sathan I did consent that the Primacie of the See Apostolicke should bee either openly or couertly shot at that the oath doth in this Realme tend to that end that the authoritie of the head of the Church might be transferred in England from the Successour of S. Peter vnto the Successour of Henry 8
me wrought with threedes of an vnsuting colour may be cut asunder and vanish into smoke I am aged and in durance for the Catholike faith and doe not knowe that I haue hither to trode in any other paths then in those wherein are imprinted the plainest foot-steps of the most learned Catholickes Bury therefore in silence I beseech you all those loude clamors sounding euery where against me that am innocent and an earnest vpholder of the chaire Apostolicke Witnesse thereof my present imprisonment witnes my often preachings witnes the perils I haue vndergone for the dignity of the See Apostolicke in my sore-passed course of 32. yeres witnes the administration of my Arch-priesthood enuironed with the daily hazards of my life But whither doe I goe doubtlesse I may seeme somewhat too lauish in ripping vp these matters before your Amplitude who as I trust will now reduce your seuerer censure of me and of my fact to a better temper of equitie and commiseration But I will conclude and for the close will vse that saying of Leo The priuiledge of Peter standeth firme where sentence is giuen according vnto his equitie Neither is there too much seuerity or remissenes where nothing is bound or loosed but what S. Peter hath either loosed or bound Our Lord Iesus preserue your Amplitude to the greater enlargement of the Catholicke faith and to our comfort From London out of prison 13. Nouemb. 1607. Your Amplitudes most humble seruant George Blakwell THE EXAMINATION OF M r. George Blakwell Taken at seuerall times according to his Maiesties direction vpon occasion of his answere to Card. BELLARMINE Hee saith 1 THat because he perceiueth that diuers exceptions are taken against his late letter written to Cardinall Bellarmine he is willing to set downe his iudgment more fully concerning the duetie which all Subiects doe owe to their Soueraigne Lords vnder whom they were borne and consequently all Catholickes Englishmen vnto his Maiestie KING IAMES 2 First hee saith vpon certaine demaunds propounded vnto him That he acknowledgeth all the precepts in the New Testament as touching obedience to Emperours Kings and Ciuil Magistrates to be perpetuall and may not be changed or qualified by any authoritie whatsoeuer either Ecclesiasticall or Ciuil and that what Subiect soeuer aswell Ecclesiasticall as Lay doeth violate any of them vpon any occasion oâ— at any time or by vertue of any dispensation or oâ— any intent to profit thereby the Catholike cause and aduance Religion or for any other cause whatsoeuer he doeth therein sinne mortally 〈◊〉 euer being vnlawfull to do euil that good might come of it 3 That hee vtterly condemneth all those who shall presume to affirme that either Christ or his Apostles did temporize in the said precepts as meaning that Subiects were no longer bound to obey the Emperour Kings and souereign Princes being wicked Apostatas or heretiques then vntill they were able by force of Armes to suppresse them that impious conceit in those dayes being farre in his iudgement from the godly Bishops and Christians then liuing 4 That whereas in the Apostles times and so afterwards for the space of about 300. yeeres the Emperors were not only Pagans themselue except it were one of them and refused to embrace the Gospel but likewise endeauoured by all the meanes they could of crueltie and moâ—â— bloodie persecution to suppresse the propagation of it forasmuch as the godly Bishops Fathers and Christians in those dayes hauing learned their duties of obedience from Christ and his Apostles neither taught nor put in practise any course of disobedience nor bare armes against them though as Tertullian saith they had sufficient Tertull in Apolog cap. 37. force so to haue done he this Examinate doeth greatly approoue such their dutifull obedience affirming that in his iudgement they had sinned mortally if they had done otherwise 5 That euen in the case of Iulian who hauing first embraced the Gospel became afterwards an Apostata the godly Bishops Fathers and Christians in those times although some writ bitterly against him yet they did not excite his Subiects to beare armes against him nor did themselues enter into any rebellion either of which courses if they had attempted this Examinate thinketh as before that they had greatly offended God and broken the precepts of Christ and his Apostles adding that therein he ioyned with S. Augustine where he speaketh of the duty Augustine in Psal 124. which Christians performed to Iulian though he were an Apostata Iulianus extitit infidelis Imperator Nonne extitit Apostata iniquus Idololatra Milites Christiani seruiebant Imperatori infideli Vbi veniebatur ad causam Christi non agnoscebant nisi illum qui in coelo erat Quando volebat vt Idola colerent vt thurificarent praeponebant illi Deum quando autem dicebat Producite aciem ite contra illam gentem statim obtemperabant Distinguebant Dominum aetertum à domino temporali tamen subditi erant propter Dominum aeternum etiam domino temporali That is Iulian was an vnbeleeuing Emperour Was hee not an Apostata an oppressour and an Idolater Christian Souldiers serued an vnbeleeuing Emperour when it came to the cause of CHRIST they did acknowledge none but him that was in Heauen When he would haue them to worship Images and to sacrifice they preferred God before him but when he said Bring forth an Army goe against such a Nation they foorthwith obeyed They distinguished the eternall Lord from the temporall and yet were subiect vnto the temporall lord for the Eternall 6 This Examinate hauing thus declared his iudgement in the premises it was demanded of him whether he had seene the Popes last Breue dated at Rome 10. Calend. Septemb. 1607. beginning Renunciatum est c. and what vpon the sight therof his iudgement now was as touching the lawfulnesse of the oath of Allegeance before by him taken Whereupon he sayeth that hee hath onely seene a Copie of the said last Breue that he hath very carefully perused and weighed euery sentence and clause in it and that neuerthelesse he remaineth stedfastly in his former opinion and iudgement viz. That it is lawful for all Catholickes in England to take the said oath of Allegeance published the last Session but one of this present Parliament and that he constantly is fetled as touching euery part and member of the said oath formerly by him taken that they are true and that this he doth acknowledge without any equiuocation or mentall euasion or secret reseruation whatsoeuer to all intents and purposes as if he should here againe haue repeated the said oath at large 7 This Examinate being here required forasmuch as in his iustification of the said oath and of his taking of it since his sight of the last Breue he doth relie vpon his former opinion and iudgement which notwithstanding in the Letter written to Cardinall Bellarmine he doeth strangely qualifie contrary to the expectation had of him heere for his plaine dealing and
necessary for preseruation of the Realme from vniust vsurpation of Tyrants and auoyding other inconueniences which they had proued and might easily fall againe by the disorder of some wicked king Vnto this report as it seemeth and to some other idle conceits a Polonian of late hauing relation and making mention of the purpose aforesaid of king Henry the second and of king Iohn he writeth this Examinate saith in this sort speaking of the Parliament and of the oath of Allegeance Illud impiè legislatores per iusiurandum extorquent à Stanisla Cristanouie Examen Cathol fol. 34. Catholicis vt negent posse à Pontifice Regem deponi de ipsius Regnis ditionibus disponi Si enim honorariè piè tributarium regnum Pontifici quare disponere quare refractarium inobedientem Principem deponere nequit That is The law-makers doe impiously by an oath extort this from the Catholicks to denie that the King may be deposed by the Pope and his kingdomes and countries by him disposed of For if by an honourable and pious graunt the kingdome haue become tributarie to the Pope why may he not dispose of it why may he not depose the Prince being refractarie and disobedient 19 Concerning the which aforesaid assertions touching both the said kings this Examinate affirmeth they are vntrue Henry the second neuer made any such accord with Alexander the 3. as is aboue mentioned for ought this Examinate could euer reade in any Chronicle of credite He sware to Pope Alexander that he for his owne part would not depart from him or his successors Ro. Houeden Annal fol. 303 quamdiu ipsum sicut Regem Catholicum habuerint so long as they should entreate him as a Catholicke king And touching king Iohn inasmuch as his fact that way is of some more probabilitie but of as little trueth and that from the said reportes of them both Stanislaus Cristanouic doth inferre that the Pope may depose his Maiestie being but a tributarie King vnto him he this Examinate by taking his oath that the Pope had no Imperiall or Ciuill power ouer the king to depose him did thereby discharge his conscience for the iustifying of a trueth against the said false reports that of king Iohn being as vntrue as the former Which this Examinate saith he doth the more boldly affirme because he hath one of no small account in that he died for the Popes supremacie to take his part therein besides some other rules of regalitie in that behalfe Thus Sir Thomas More writeth against the author of the Beggers Supplication in king Henry the 8. time If he the authour of that supplication Sir Tho. More supplic of soules pag. 296. say as indeede some writers say that king Iohn made England and Ireland tributarie to the Pope and the See Apostolike by the grant of a thousand markes wee dare surely say againe that it is vntrue and that all Rome neither can shew such a grant nor neuer could and if they could it were nothing worth For neuer could any king of England giue away the Realme to the Pope or make the land tributarie though he would And this to bee agreeable to this Examinates owne iudgement hee doeth acknowledge as he saith with all his heart hoping that the same shal no way preiudice his constant resolution as touching the Popes supremacie nor offend any that loueth the Crowne and State of England 20 And as concerning his relying vpon his Maiesties words in the sense approoued by the Magistrate when he this Examinate tooke the oath of Allegeance and insinuating to Cardinall Bellarmine that the summe of it was accordingly Summum Pontificem non habere Imperialem ciuilem potestatem ad libitum ex suo appetitu deponendi Regem nostrum that the Pope hath not an Imperiall and ciuill power to depose our King when he pleaseth and at his owne appetite he hopeth likewise to giue therein some reasonable contentment For which purpose he saith it is to be obserued that there is an opinion long since broached by the Canonists which hath begun of later times to be more stiffely and with greater heate prosecuted and maintained then heretofore concerning the Popes authoritie in causes temporall the authors whereof doe with great confidence affirme that the Pope is as directly Lord of the whole world in temporalibus in temporalties as hee is the head of the vniuersall Church in spiritualibus in matters spirituall and that hee hath directly as souereigne an authoritie in respect of such his worldly dominion ouer all Emperours Kings and Princes to dispose of them and their kingdomes when occasion shall require as hee hath in regard of his spirituall supremacie ouer all Bishops and Cleargie men to aduance and depriue them when hee thinketh it conuenient and that they deserue it The chiefe patrons of this opinion are noted by Cardinall Bellarmine to be these Augustinus Triumphus Aluarus 〈…〉 Pelagius Hostiensis Panormitane and Syluester to whom this Examinate doeth adde Henricus Gandauensis Redericus Sancius Alexander Alensis Celsus Mancinus Tho. Bozius Franciscus Bozius Isidorus Mosconius Card Baronius Laelius Zecchus and Alexander Carerius who nameth diuers others as principall defenders of that opinion and 〈…〉 is himselfe so violent therein as hee doeth in effect anathematize all that do oppose themselues against it not sparing Cardinall Bellarmine himselfe against whom forasmuch as his drift is principally throughout his whole booke hee was much to blame this Examinate thinketh to entitle it to be written aduersus impios politicos nostritemporis haereticos against the wicked politickes hereticks of our time With this Carerius 〈…〉 such as are on that side doe resolutely concurre insomuch as they doubt not this Examinat consesseth to renew againe the long disliked and impugned assertions of the old Canonists and to publish them now vnto the world more eagerly then heretofore as aboue he hath touched for sound and Catholicke doctrine they saying 21 That Dauid did foretell that the Priesthood of 〈…〉 Anno 57. pag. 432. Christ should be according to the order of Melchisedech That when Christ being a King and a Priest receiued all iudgement of the Father that is most full iudiciall power hee ioyning the same with his priesthood did institute in the Church a Regall priesthood Bar. Ibidem pag. 433. translating in suos that is to S. Peter and his successours all the power hee had of his father That Franc Bezius de temporall Ecclesiae Monarchia in praesat ad Clemen S. except there should bee one supreme Monarch in the Church in all things the vnitie of the Church could not be preserued for seeing the Church by diuine institution doth consist of a Kingdome and a Priesthood is it were otherwise there should bee in the same absolutely one Monarch of the Kingdome and another of the Priesthood That if for the auoiding of the dissensions about sacred causes one supreme head is appointed
first three hundred yeres after Christ likewise his vtter dislike of sundry assertions propounded vnto him Sect. 49 some whereof maintaine contrary to Tertullians relation how Christians stood then affected that in those dayes armes might lawfully haue beene borne against the Emperours if the professors of the Name of Christ had beene able and some as touching sundry other vnsound and vncatholike matters in them contained concerning the losse of Kingdomes c. vpon excommunications Sect. 39 and also his opinion of the time when the deposing of Kings and absoluing their subiects from their alleageance were first made adiuncts to excommunication for ought he hath read Sect. 52. But yet he is contented as he saith a little further to enlarge himselfe according to the motion propounded and to that end affirmeth that hee doeth concurre in iudgement with these authors following and so out of his pocket-notes set downe their words in this maner 60 Apostoli nihil vi gerebant tantùm vtebantur gladio spiritus neminem agebant in exilium nullius inuadebant facultates Haec omnie Erasmus non minùs disertè quà m verè That is The Apostles did nothing by force they onely vsed the sword of the spirit they draue no man into exile they entered vpon no mans possessions All this saith Erasmus no lesse elegantly then truely Costerus in fidei demonstrat pag. 96. Si aliqui Reges cum populo se tradiderunt Romanis Pontificibus vt traditur de Anglis nihil ad nos Non tamen opinor quòd Angli vllo modo permitterent Pontificem destituere suum Regem alium constituere nunquam enim aliquem Romanorum Pontificum hoc facere permiserunt That is If any Kings with their people haue subiected themselues to the Bishoppes of Rome as it is reported of the English but vntruely as this Examinate hath before shewed that toucheth not vs. And yet I doe not thinke that the English would by any meanes permit the Pope to depose their King and constitute another for they neuer suffered any of the Bishops of Rome so to doe Iohan. Maior in 4. Sentent distinct 24. quaest 3. De ratione potestatis laicae est poenam ciuilem posse infligere vt sunt mors exilium bonorum priuatio c. sed nullam talem poenam ex institutione diuiná infligere potest Ecclesiastica potestas imò nec incarcerare vt plaerisque doctoribus placet sed ad solam poenam spiritualem extenditur vtpotè excommunicationem Reliquae autem poenae quibus vtitur ex iure purè positiuo sunt That is It is of the nature of lay power to bee able to inflict ciuill punishments as are death exile losse of goods c. but the Ecclesiasticall power cannot by the diuine ordinance impose any such punishment nay not imprison as the most Doctors doe hold but is extended to spirituall punishment alone as Excommunication The other punishments which it vseth are meerely out of positiue Law Iacobus Almain de Dominio naturali ciuili in vltima editione Gersonis pag. 696. 61. Here this Examinat being tolde that although he hath to some good purpose repeated what he had formerly said and a litle more enlarged himselfe then before in that hee hath acknowledged that what the Pope can doe more then Excommunicate he hath it ex iure purè positiuo meerely by positiue Law yet considering that he made no scruple to shew his dislike of the opiniō touching the Popes pretended authoritie in temporalibus directly in the 20. Sect but seemed loath to deliuer his iudgement concerning the other opinion of the Popes authoritie in Temporalibus in ordine ad Spiritualia indirectly in order to things spiritual it was further vrged against him that if he be indeed of Bellarmines minde in the points by him cited out of his booke it seemeth to be impossible that he this Examinat being a graue and learned man should thinke that that which Bellarmine hath said vpon very weake and simple grounds God knoweth for proofe of the Popes indirect authority in ordine ad Spiritualia is of sufficient force and moment to ouerthrow all that hee hath written before in his second third fourth and fifth Chapters of his said booke one of them being countenanced for offending too much with the word directè his arguments being in effect simple and absolute because it is most apparant to euery man that will not wilfully hoodwinke himselfe that hee the said Bellarmine hath giuen the Pope such a blow and deadly wound by many his so sound and substantiall arguments against his pretended direct authority as all the courses how indirect soeuer that can be deuised by the finest wits will neuer bee able to salue and cure it And therefore this Examinate was required very strictly herein to expresse himselfe more clearely 62 Whereupon this Examinate saith that he must indeed needs confesse and acknowledge that he hath wished with all his heart that either Cardinall Bellarmine had not intermedled with that question of the Popes authoritie in temporalibus indirectly or els that hee had bene able if it haue any trueth in it to haue handled it more pithily and throughly that the weakenes of his arguments for that point compared with the positions set downe by this Examinat out of his said booke as is aforesaid hath beene an especiall cause as he thinketh why many of later times doe so earnestly labour to refell them as foreseeing that if the Popes authority in temporalibus to depose Kings c. should stand vpon this point viz. that he had it but indirectly the same would be subiect to great hazard considering the oppositions in these dayes to the Church of Rome and that therefore insomuch as the thing it selfe viz. whether the Pope hath any authoritie at all to eradicate and depose Emperours and Kings for any cause which is aimed at on both sides aswell by them who affirme that he hath such an authoritie directly as by those who say hee hath it not directly but indirectly is notwithstanding left as yet vndetermined by the Church hee this Examinate desireth that hee may not bee further vrged to interpose his opinion otherwise then he hath done already in matters of so great moment and difficultie 63 This onely as appertaining hereunto he saith that he is much grieued to see the Popes Supreme authority in causes Ecclesiasticall so much entangled with these pretences of another supreme authority in temporalibus to be held directly and immediatly of Christ or indirectly per accidens and by a certaine consequence as if otherwise Christ should not haue sufficiently prouided for the necessitie of the Church nor furnished the Pope with abilitie to discharge his duetie considering that without these deuises so much insisted vpon though with very great vncertaintie to the great in dangering of the Popes vniuersall charge ouer all Churches in Spiritualibus Saint Peter and his successors did sufficiently prouide for the necessitie of the Church when the
maner the same was giuen vnto him directly saith the one side indirectly saith the other 69 That hee verily supposeth that Cardinall Bellarmine being so worthy and eminent a man for iudgement and learning hath not been so peremptorie in the handling of the two said points whether the Pope hath the said surmised authoritie directly or indirectly but that hee hath left vnto himselfe some sufficient warrant and libertie to varie if there be occasion in the said third point viz. whether Christ gaue to S. Peter any such authoritie at all or no. For whereas hee the said Cardinall doeth plainely affirme that Papa vt Papa ordinariè Temporales Principes deponere Bellar. lib. 5. de Rom. Pont. cap. 6. etiam iustâ de causâ non potest tamen potest regna mutare vni auferre alteri conferre tanquam summus Princeps spiritualis si idnecessarium sit ad animarum salutem That is The Pope cannot as he is Pope though there be iust cause by his ordinarie power depose ciuill Princes yet as he is the supreme spiritual Prince he may translate Kingdomes and take them from one and conferre them vpon another if need so require for the sauing of soules he saith in effect nothing else though couertly but that the Pope hath no power at all to depose Kings For S. Peter neither did nor could transferre any authoritie vnto his Successor but ordinarie for which cause it is commonly held that the rest of the Apostles could not deriue the plenitude of their power to their successors as S. Peter did because the same in them was not ordinary as in S Peter but extraordinary Extraordinaria enim potestas non transit in successorem For an extraordinarie power doeth not descend vnto the successours And at this point this Examinate saith he did aime as farre as he durst presume in his letter to the Cardinall where hauing cited his words abouesaid Non potest Papa vt Papa c. hee writ after this sort Verba iuramenti sunt Papam non habere authoritatem deponendi Regem disponendi de regnis dominijs Maiestatis suae Et communis intellectus apud Magistratum ad nullum alium conceptum propendet quà m ad hunc viz. Papam vt Papa est Nam non potest pertingere ad illum conceptum viz. tanquam summum Principem spiritualem Et cùm proponitur iuramentum suscipiendum illius sensus cognitus à Magistratu restringitur ad ordinariam potestatem Nam qui proponunt iuramentum illi remotissimi sunt à cogitatione extra ordinariae aut indirectae potestatis in Papâ residentis That is The words of the oath are that the Pope hath not authoritie to depose the King and to dispose of his kingdomes and Dominions And the common vnderstanding thereof doth with the Magistrate incline to no other conceite but to this viz. the Pope as he is Pope For it cannot reach vnto that construction viz as he is the supreme spiritual Prince And when the oath is exhibited to be taken the sense thereof apprehended by the Magistrate is restrained vnto an ordinarie power For they that minister the oath are as farre as may bee from the thought of any extraordinarie or indirect power residing in the Pope Besides it is apparant that the Pope is not otherwise the highest spiritual Prince but as hee is Pope so as what he cannot doe as Pope he cannot do as the chiefe spiritual Prince And out of question Carerius hath gotten an aduantage Carer depot. Rom. Pont. lib. 2. cap. 8. of the Cardinall by reason of his said former assertion where he the said Carerius laboureth to prooue that Christi vicarius propriè dicitur Papa Christs vicar is properly called the Pope and doth presse it hardly to this effect that either the Pope is not Christs vicar or else that hee doeth iudge inferiores Potestates vt Papa as he is Pope 70 That the contents of the 39. 66. 68. and 69. Sections of this his Examination being well weighed and considered together with diuers other points by him set downe in the said Examination his answere this Examinat saith againe to the Cardinals letter touching the clause most excepted against doeth reach as farre as by the oath of Allegeance was intended For whereas saith this Examinate if the Pope should haue any authoritie to depose and eradicate Kings he hath it not by vertue of his power to Excommunicate but must haue it of necessitie either as he is supposed to be Dominus in temporalibus directè the Lord of temporalties directly or Dominus in temporalibus indirectè the Lord of temporalties indirectly and that Cardinall Bellarmine is peremptorie that the Pope cannot depose kings by any ordinarie iurisdiction that he hath as he is Pope and Carerius with all his vpholders on the other side are as confident resolute that if the Pope hath not ordinarie authoritie as he is Pope to depose kings he hath no such authoritie at all for as much as what hee this Examinate hath before affirmed how in his opinion as hee saith the Pope hath no authoritie to depose Kings either as he is Dominus in temporalibus directly or indirectly the same is nothing else then what he deposed vnto when he sware that in his conscience the Pope neither of himselfe nor by any authority of the Church or See of Rome or by any other meanes with any other hath any power or authoritie to depose the King c. And because also that whether he should haue had authoritie to depose Kings or not he must haue had it by some imperiall or ciuill authoritie either as hee is Dominus in Temporalibus directly or indirectly considering that to be Dominus in temporalibus in any of the said two respects is to haue an imperiall and ciuill authoritie hee this Examinate saith that these points well weighed it is plaine that when hee writ to the Cardinall Summum Pontificem non habere imperialem ciuilem potestatem deponendi Regem nostrum that the Pope hath not an imperiall or ciuill power to depose our King he told the Cardinall in effect as much as if he had said vnto him that the Pope hath no authoritie at all to depose his Maiestie 71 That for the further clearing of his this Examinates relying vpon his Maiesties speeches in Parliament when he tooke the oath of Alleageance and his mentioning of it likewise to the Cardinall he this Examinate saith that except it be thought a fault to answere truely to a matter propounded when he speaketh not all the truth that doeth thereunto appertaine which were a strange conceit the order neither of Schooles nor of any iudiciall Courts in the world binding any man to proceed further in his answere to any question or interrogatorie then the same doeth leade him hee this Examinate seeth not hee sayth what can be subiect to any iust reprehension in his answere to the Cardinals letter the substance thereof being
subiects haue thereby receiued great detriment especially subiects who haue spent their liues as supposing the cause was iust which they vndertooke this in the meane while being indeed their case that as what they did therein was in truth wicked and rebellious so when either that which they took in hand had not good successe or when afterwards the Pope and such Princes grew to an agreement they were euer for the most part reputed according to their deserts for Rebels and Traitours vnder pretence of some thing or other that was amisse in their proceedings and that therefore he hopeth that in time all Catholickes will hereafter by other mens harmes learne to beware and not bee drawen to any disobedience against their Soueraignes vnder any pretence whatsoeuer 77 The authours of the late most wicked and barbarous treason commonly termed the Gun-powder treason had as this Examinate verily thinketh some intendment to haue aduanced thereby the Catholicke cause for that his Maiestie did still persist in the same course which was held by the late Queene his predecessor or by what other inducements this Examinate knoweth not Howbeit as this was their iust reward here that they were condemned and executed for traitours so doe they worthily reape amongst all discreete Catholikes and wise men abroad in other Countries nothing but shame and infamy to the memorie of their owne names and posteritie which this Examinate wisheth from the bottome of his heart may euer be the successe of all manner of persons whatsoeuer that shall imagine or seeke to contriue any hurt to his Maiestie the Prince or any other of his Highnesse posteritie or to the present state of this kingdome vnder any colour or pretence of conscience religion fauour towards the Bishops of Rome or any thing els whatsoeuer Only this Examinat here addeth that as he doth very well approue that Catesby with his fellowes should bee chronicled for traitours by any or wheresoeuer so he disliketh that the said Cristanouic also who is aboue named should endeuour after a sort to qualifie their offence by casting an vntrue and shamefull scandall vpon this whole nation where after a long discourse to prooue that English men haue from time to time conspited against their kings not for religion but in respect of their owne rebellious nature he concludeth thus with relation to the said Gun-powder traitors Causam tenes lector coniurationum Anglicanarum quarum furorem falsò religioni Stanista Cristanouic exam Cath. fol. 18. Catholicae legislatores tribuunt that is Thus Reader you haue the true cause of the English conspiracies the furie whereof their Law-makers doe falsly impute to the Catholique religion And againe Non ergo Catholicum sed Anglicanum ingenium Reges Ibidem Angliae non sinit securos esse that is It is not therefore the Catholique but the English humor which will not suffer the Kings of England to liue secure For as this Examinate saith what this fellow affirmeth of English men may bee as well iustified of any nation in Christendome if such a rash iudgement might be grounded vpon such like arguments as he hath vsed But here this Examinate remembring his drift wisheth in his heart that it might be neuer forgotten by any Catholiques or other English men whosoeuer what guerdon commendation and infamous renowme they may iustly expect that for any cause whatsoeuer as is aforesaid shall attempt any thing against their Soueraigne 78 Thus farre this Examinate hauing opened his iudgement vpon such occasions as were ministred vnto him he vsed sundry speeches how much it troubled him that either his Maiestie or the State should doubt of his sinceritie and Allegeance and therefore for a conclusion and as it were to adde his seale to all that before he hath said he further affirmeth viz That he doeth truely and sincerely from the bottome of his heart acknowledge professe testifie and declare in his conscience before God and the world that King Iames his Soueraigne lord is iure diuino and by the positiue lawes of this realme lawfull and rightfull King of this realme and of all other his Maiesties Dominions and Countries both de facto and de iure and that it was not lawfull either for his Maiesties Subiects to haue withstood him by force from being their king nor euer can be lawful for them now that he is their king to rise vp against him or seeke by any wayes or meanes to hurt him either in his health or in his regall estate although he denieth the Popes supremacie in causes Ecclesiasticall and seeketh as he may to suppresse all those that dissent from him in those points of Religion which hee imbraceth and though likewise they his said subiects being either Catholikes or Protestants had sufficient numbers forces and ability so to doe without any scandall to the Catholike cause and without any danger to themselues either in their goods or liues 79 That the Pope iure diuino by the lawe of God neither of himselfe nor by any authority of the Church or See of Rome or by any other meanes with any other hath any power or authority either directly or indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia whether the said authoritie bee termed spiritual or temporall or mixt or howsoeuer it is or may be termed to depose the King or to dispose any of his Maiesties kingdomes or dominions or to authorize any forreine Prince to inuade or annoy him or his countreys or to discharge any of his subiects of their Allegeance and obedience to his Maiestie or to giue license or leaue to any of them to beare armes raise tumult or to offer any violence or hurt to his Maiesties Roial person State or gouernment or to any of his Maiesties subiects within his Maiesties dominions 80 That he doeth also affirme from his heart that notwithstanding any declaration or Sentence of Excommunication or depriuation made or graunted or to bee made or graunted by the Pope or his successours or by any authoritie deriued or pretended to be deriued from him or his See against the said King his heires or successours or any absolution of the said subiects from their obedience hee will beare faith and true alleageance to his Maiestie his Heires and Successours and him and them will defend to the vttermost of his power against all conspiracies and attempts whatsoeuer which shall bee made against his or their persons their crowne and dignitie by reason or colour of any such sentence or declaration or otherwise by reason or colour of any authoritie or power ascribed to the Pope in temporalibus directly or indirectly in ordine ad spiritualia whether the said authoritie be termed spirituall or temporall or mixt or howsoeuer it is or may be termed and will do his best endeauour to disclose and make knowen vnto his Maiestie his Heires and Successours all treasons and traiterous conspiracies which hee shall know or heare of to bee against him or any of them 81 That furthermore he