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A70610 Essays of Michael, seigneur de Montaigne in three books : with marginal notes and quotations and an account of the author's life : with a short character of the author and translator, by a person of honour / made English by Charles Cotton ...; Essais. English Montaigne, Michel de, 1533-1592.; Halifax, George Savile, Marquis of, 1633-1695.; Cotton, Charles, 1630-1687. 1700 (1700) Wing M2481; ESTC R17025 313,571 634

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him and the main stress of the Battel hapned to be in that place which made the Lords that were with him finding themselves overmatcht to send to King Edward that he would please to advance to their Relief who thereupon enquiring of the condition his Son was in and being answered that he was yet living and on Horse-back I should then do him wrong said the King now to go and deprive him of the honour of winning this Battel he has so long and so bravely disputed what hazard soever he runs it shall be entirely his own and accordingly would neither go nor send knowing that if he went it would be said all had been lost without his succour and that the honour of the Victory would be wholly attributed to him Semper enim quod postremum adjectum est id rem totam videtur traxisse For the last st roak to a business seems to draw along with it the performance of the whole action Many at Rome thought and would usually say that the greatest of Scipio's Acts were in part due to Lelius whose constant practice it was still to advance and Shoulder Scipio's Grandeur and Renown without any care of his own And Theopompus King of Sparta to him who told him the Republick could not miscarry since he knew so well how to Command 'T is rather answered he because the people know so well how to Obey As Women succeeding to Peerages had notwithstanding their Sex the privilege to assist and give in their Votes in the Causes that appertained to the Jurisdiction of Peers So the Ecclesiastical Peers notwithstanding their prosession were obliged to assist our Kings in their Wars not only with their Friends and Servants but in their own Persons As the Bishop of Beauvais did who being with Philip Augustus at the Battle of Bouvines had a notable share in that action but he did not think it fit for him to participate in the Fruit and Glory of that Violent and Bloody Trade He with his own Hand reduc'd several of the Enemy that Day to his Mercy whom he delivered to the first Gentleman he met either to Kill or receive them to Quarter referring the execution to another hand As also did William Earl of Salisbury to Messire Jean de Nesle with a like subtlety of Conscience to the other we named before he would Kill but not wound him and for that reason never Fought with a Mace And a certain person of my time being reproacht by the King that he had laid hands on a Priest stiffly and positively deny'd he had done any such thing the meaning of which was he had Cudgell'd and Kick'd him CHAP. XLII Of the Inequality amongst us PLutarch says somewhere that he does not find so great a difference betwixt Beast and Beast as he does betwixt Man and Man Which is said in reference to the internal Qualities and Perfections of the Soul And in truth I find according to my poor Judgment so vast a distance betwixt Epaminondas and some that I know who are yet Men of common sense that I could willingly enhance upon Plutarch and say that there is more difference betwixt such and such a Man than there is betwixt such ● Man and such a Beast Ter. For. Act. 5. Sc. 3. Hem vir viro quid praestat How much alass One man another doth surpass And that there are as many and innumerable degrees of Wits as there are Cubits betwixt this and Heaven But as touching the Estimate of Men 't is strange that our selves excepted no other Creature is esteem'd beyond its proper Qualities We commend a Horse for his Strength and sureness of Foot Juvenal Sat. 8. Volucrem Sic laudamus equum facili cui plurima palma Fervet exultat rauco victoria circo So we commend the Horse for being fleet Who many Palms by Breath and Speed does get And which the Trumpets in the Circle grace With their hoarse Levets for his well run Race and not for his Rich Comparisons a Greyhound for his share of Heels not for his fine Collar a Hawk for her Wing not for her Gesses and Bells Why in like manner do we not value a Man for what is properly his own He has a great Train a beautiful Palace so much Credit so many Thousand Pounds a Year and all these are about him but not in him You will not buy a Pig in a Poke if you cheapen a Horse you will see him stript of his Housing-cloaths you will see him naked and open to your Eye or if he be Cloath'd as they anciently were wont to present them to Princes to Sell 't is only on the less important parts that you may not so much consider the beauty of his Colour or the breadth of his Crupper as principally to examine his Limbs Eyes and Feet which are the Members of greatest use Hor. lib. 1. Sat. 2. Regibus hic mos est ubi equos mercantur opertos Suspiciunt ne si facies ut saepe decora Molli fulta pede est emptorem inducat hiantem Quod pulchrae clunes breve quod caput ardua cervix When Kings Steeds Cloath'd as 't is their manner Buy They straight examine very Curiously Lest a short Head a thin and well rais'd Crest A broad spread Buttock and an ample Chest Should all be propt with an old beaten Hoof To gull the Buyer when they come to proof Why in giving your Estimate of a Man do you Prize him wrapt and muffled up in Cloaths He then discovers nothing to you but such parts as are not in the least his own and conceals those by which alone one may rightly judge of his Value 'T is the price of the Blade that you enquire into and not of the Scabbard You would not peradventure bid a Farthing for him if you saw him stripp'd You are to judge him by himself and not by what he wears And as one of the Ancients very pleasantly said Do you know why you repute him Tall You reckon withal the heighth of his Chepines whereas the Pedestal is no part of the Statue Measure him without his Stilts let him lay aside his Revenues and his Titles let him present himself in his Shirt then examine if his Body be sound and spritely active and dispos'd to perform its Functions What Soul has he Is it Beautiful capable and happily provided of all her Faculties Is she Rich of what is her own or of what she has Borrowed Has Fortune no hand in the Affair Can she without winking stand the lightning of Swords is she indifferent whether her Life expire by the Mouth or through the Throat Is she Settled Even and Content This is what is to be examin'd and by that you are to judge of the vast differences betwixt Man and Man Is he H. Lib. 2. Sat. 7. Sapiens sibique imperiosus Quem neque pauperies neque mors neque vincula terrent Responsare cupidinibus contemnere honores Fortis in
am I now of an Age to be Reproach'd that I go out of the World too soon And yet he was but Eight and Forty Years Old He thought that to be a mature and competent Age considering how few arrive unto it and such as soothing their Thoughts with I know not what course of Nature promise to themselves some Years beyond it could they be privileg'd from the infinite number of Accidents to which we are by natural subjection expos'd might have some Reason so to do What an Idle Conceit it is to expect to Die of a decay of Strength which is the last of effects of the extreamest Age and to propose to our selves no shorter lease of Life than that considering it is a kind of Death of all others the most rare and very hardly seen We call that only a Natural Death as if it were contrary to Nature ●o see a Man break his Neck with a Fall be Drown'd in Shipwrack at Sea or snatch'd away with a Pleurisie or the Plague and as if our ordinary condition of Life did not expose us to these Inconveniences Let us no more flatter our selves with these fine sounding Words We ought rather at a venture to call that Natural which is Common and Universal To Die of Old Age is a Death rare extraordinary and singular and therefore so much less Natural than the others 'T is the last and extreamest sort of Dying And the more remote the less to be hop'd for It is indeed the Boundary of Life beyond which we are not to pass Which the Law of Nature has pitch'd for a 〈◊〉 not to be exceeded But it is withal a Privilege she is rarely seen to give us to last till then 'T is a Lease she only Signs by particular favour and it may be to one only in the space of two or three Ages and then with a Pass to boot to carry him through all the Traverses and Difficulties she has strew'd in the way of this long Carreer And therefore my Opinion is that when once Forty Years Old we should consider it as an Age to which very few arrive For seeing that Men do not usually proceed so far it is a fign that we are pretty well advanc'd and since we have exceeded the ordinary Bounds which make the just measure of Life we ought not to expect to go much further having escap'd so many Precipices of Death whereinto we have seen so many other Men to fall we should acknowledge that so extraordinary a Fortune as that which has hitherto rescu'd us from those imminent Perils and 〈◊〉 us alive beyond the ordinary term of Living is not likely to continue long 'T is a fault in our very Laws to maintain this Errour That a Man is not capable of managing his own Estate till he be Five and Twenty Years Old whereas he will have much ado to manage his Life so long Augustus cut off Five Years from the Ancient Roman Standard and declar'd that Thirty Years Old was sufficient for a Judge S●●vius Tullius superseded the Knights of above Seven and Forty Years of Age from the Fatigues of War Augustus dismiss'd them at Forty Five Though methinks it seems a little unlikely that Men should be sent to the Fire-side till Five and Fifty or Sixty Years of Age. I should be of Opinion that both our Vacancy and Employment should be as far as possible extended for the Publick Good But I find the fault on the other side that they do not employ us Early enough This Emperour was arbiter of the whole World at Nineteen and yet would have a Man to be Thirty before he could be fit to bear Office in the Common-wealth For my part I believe our Souls are Adult at Twenty such as they are ever like to be and as capable then as ever A Soul that has not by that time given evident earnest of its Force and Vertue will never after come to proof Natural Parts and Excellencies produce that they have of Vigorous and Fine within that Term or never Of all the great Humane Actions I ever Heard or Read of of what sort soever I have Observ'd both in former Ages and 〈◊〉 own more perform'd before the Age of Thirty than after And oft times in the very Lives of the same Men. May I not confidently instance in those of Hannibal and his great concurrent Scipio The better half of their Lives they Liv'd upon the Glory they had acquir'd in their Youth great Men after 't is true in comparison of others but by no means in comparison of themselves As to my own particular I do certainly believe that since that Age both my Understanding and my Constitution have rather decay'd than improv'd and retir'd rather than advanc'd T is possible that with those who make the best use of their Time Knowledge and Experience may grow up and encrease with their Years but the Vivacity Quickness and Steadiness and other pieces of us of much greater Importance and much more Essentially our own Languish and Decay Lucret. l. 3. Ubi jam validis quassatum est aevi viribus Corpus obtusis ceciderunt viribus artus Claudicat ingenium delirat linguaque mensque When once the Body 's shaken by Time's Rage The Blood and Vigour Ebbing into Age The Judgment then Halts upon either Hip The Mind does Doat Tongue into Nonsense Trip. Sometimes the Body first submits to Age sometimes the Soul and I have seen enow who have got a Weakness in their Brains before either in their Hams or Stomach And by how much the more it is a Disease of no great pain to the infected Party and of obscure Symptoms so much greater the danger is And for this reason it is that I complain of our Laws not that they keep us too long to our Work but that they set us to work too late For the Frailty of Life consider'd and to how many Natural and Accidental Rubs it is Obnoxious and Expos'd Birth though Noble ought not to share so large a Vacancy and so tedious a course of Education The End of the First Book Books Printed for and Sold by MATTHEW GILLYFLOWER at the Spread-Eagle in Westminster-Hall FOLIO's CAbbala or Mysteries of State and Government In Letters of Illustrious Persons in the Reigns of Henry the VIII Queen Elizabeth King James and King Charles The Third Edition with large Additions The Compleat Gard'ner or Directions for the right Ordering of Fruit-gardens and Kitchin-gardens with the Culture of Oranges and Melons Made English by John Evelyn Esq The compleat Horseman discovering the surest Marks of the Beauty Goodness Faults and Imperfections of Horses with the Signs and Causes of their Diseases the true Method both of their Preservation and Cure with the regular Use of Bleeding and Purging Also the Art of Shooing Breeding and Backing of Colts with a Supplement of Riding By the Sieur de Solleysell Querry to the French King Made English from the 8th Edition by Sir John Hope