he_o sit_v once_o a_o week_n in_o the_o town_n house_n and_o preside_v also_o in_o the_o college_n of_o execution_n assist_v by_o a_o under_o stadtholder_n and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o the_o castle_n next_o to_o he_o be_v the_o four_o burghmaster_n one_o for_o justice_n another_o for_o trade_n the_o three_o for_o the_o polity_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o four_o have_v the_o inspection_n over_o all_o public_a and_o private_a building_n and_o determine_v such_o case_n as_o arise_v on_o that_o account_n with_o they_o the_o counsellor_n of_o the_o city_n always_o sit_v and_o give_v their_o vote_n the_o majority_n of_o which_o conclude_v their_o number_n be_v uncertain_a but_o usual_o about_o twenty_o most_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n or_o such_o as_o have_v serve_v the_o king_n in_o some_o inferior_a employment_n and_o beside_o their_o salary_n they_o have_v a_o immunity_n from_o such_o imposition_n as_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o support_v the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n which_o pay_v all_o its_o officer_n and_o servant_n and_o maintain_v a_o guard_n of_o 300_o man_n and_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o all_o public_a building_n and_o repair_v to_o support_v this_o expense_n beside_o a_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n upon_o good_n import_v and_o export_v which_o be_v about_o 4_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o the_o custom_n pay_v the_o king_n and_o amount_n to_o about_o 4000_o l._n per_fw-la an._n the_o magistrate_n impose_v a_o yearly_o tax_v on_o the_o burgher_n in_o which_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o a_o common-council_n of_o forty_o eight_o which_o choose_v its_o own_o member_n and_o meet_v every_o spring_n to_o proportion_v the_o payment_n for_o the_o ensue_a year_n on_o the_o rich_a trader_n they_o usual_o impose_v 40_o 50_o or_o 60_o l._n sterling_a and_o upon_o other_o of_o a_o mean_a condition_n as_o shoemaker_n tailor_n etc._n etc._n 5_o or_o 6_o l._n and_o no_o housekeeper_n less_o than_o 15_o s._n beside_o quarter_a the_o guard_n inferior_a officer_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o court_n with_o other_o lesser_a charge_n which_o all_o together_o will_v be_v think_v a_o great_a burden_n even_o in_o rich_a country_n neither_o be_v it_o otherwise_o esteem_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n who_o can_v scarce_o be_v keep_v in_o heart_n by_o the_o privilege_n they_o enjoy_v as_o well_o in_o custom_n as_o in_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o place_n which_o must_v needs_o pass_v through_o their_o hand_n the_o native_n of_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o foreigner_n be_v oblige_v to_o deal_v only_o with_o the_o burgher_n except_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n that_o make_v iron_n who_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o sell_v it_o immediate_o to_o stranger_n this_o city_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o staple_n of_o sueden_n to_o which_o most_o of_o the_o good_n of_o their_o own_o growth_n viz._n iron_n copper_n wire_n pitch_n tarr_n mast_n deal_v etc._n etc._n be_v bring_v to_o be_v export_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o commodity_n import_v from_o abroad_o come_v to_o this_o port_n where_o there_o be_v a_o haven_n capable_a of_o receive_v 1000_o sail_n of_o ship_n and_o have_v a_o bridge_n or_o key_n near_o a_o english_a mile_n long_o to_o which_o the_o great_a vessel_n may_v lie_v with_o their_o broadside_n the_o only_a inconvenience_n be_v that_o it_o be_v ten_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o river_n very_o crooked_a and_o no_o tide_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o sueden_n the_o law_n of_o sueden_n be_v ancient_o as_o various_a as_o the_o province_n be_v numerous_a each_o of_o which_o have_v statute_n and_o custom_n peculiar_a to_o its_o self_n enact_v as_o occasion_n require_v by_o the_o lagh-man_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o people_n and_o invest_v with_o great_a authority_n especial_o while_o the_o kingdom_n be_v elective_a his_o suffrage_n conclude_v the_o province_n he_o govern_v this_o variety_n be_v necessary_o attend_v with_o great_a confusion_n for_o remedy_n whereof_o about_o four-score_n year_n ago_o one_o body_n of_o law_n be_v compile_v for_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n yet_o this_o collection_n be_v but_o a_o imperfect_a piece_n and_o the_o law_n so_o few_o and_o conceive_v in_o such_o general_a term_n that_o in_o most_o case_n they_o need_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o after_o all_o the_o final_a determination_n depend_v much_o upon_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o bench_n which_o in_o a_o poor_a country_n where_o salary_n be_v small_a be_v often_o fill_v with_o such_o as_o be_v of_o weak_a part_n and_o subject_a to_o corruption_n upon_o very_o small_a temptation_n the_o effect_n of_o this_o will_v be_v more_o visible_a if_o each_o superior_a court_n do_v not_o keep_v a_o cheque_fw-fr upon_o the_o low_a and_o the_o king_n court_n of_o revision_n over-awe_n they_o all_o to_o which_o all_o civil_a cause_n import_v the_o sum_n of_o 70_o l._n be_v appealable_a and_o very_o few_o end_n before_o they_o have_v be_v bring_v thither_o in_o this_o supreme_a court_n his_o majesty_n very_o frequent_o sit_v with_o great_a patience_n and_o application_n and_o in_o seven_o year_n time_n have_v determine_v more_o cause_n than_o the_o senator_n do_v in_o twenty_o before_o his_o majesty_n be_v observe_v always_o to_o make_v a_o short_a mental_a prayer_n at_o first_o sit_v down_o there_o in_o this_o court_n the_o precedent_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o two_o or_o three_o other_o privy_a counsellor_n do_v also_o sit_v so_o do_v the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o court_n a_o officer_n next_o in_o degree_n to_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n who_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o under_o revision_n where_o he_o and_o two_o secretary_n do_v put_v business_n into_o a_o method_n fit_a to_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n the_o court_n of_o justice_n inferior_a to_o this_o be_v of_o three_o degree_n of_o the_o low_a degree_n of_o first_o instance_n there_o be_v one_o in_o each_o corporation_n beside_o stockholm_n in_o which_o there_o be_v three_z as_o also_o in_o each_o district_n or_o territory_n whereof_o every_o province_n contain_v several_a some_o above_o twenty_o in_o the_o former_a city_n a_o alderman_n or_o counsellor_n preside_v and_o have_v some_o of_o his_o brethren_n for_o assistant_n in_o the_o latter_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o territory_n with_o a_o stand_a jury_n his_o court_n be_v ambulatory_a and_o usual_o keep_v near_o or_o upon_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fact_n or_o trespass_n be_v commit_v in_o these_o court_n examination_n be_v take_v and_o matter_n not_o exceed_v forty_o shilling_n be_v determine_v the_o rest_n transmit_v to_o the_o next_o superior_a court_n of_o which_o in_o every_o corporation_n there_o be_v one_o where_o the_o burghmaster_n be_v precedent_n and_o the_o alderman_n assistant_n and_o so_o in_o every_o province_n there_o be_v one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o court_n the_o precedent_n whereof_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o lagh-man_n without_o other_o authority_n than_o that_o of_o a_o judge_n from_o these_o all_o cause_n of_o blood_n must_v be_v transmit_v to_o the_o respective_a national_a court_v where_o they_o be_v determine_v without_o further_a appeal_n and_o thither_o also_o all_o civil_a action_n not_o exceed_v 20_o l._n may_v be_v appeal_v of_o these_o national_a court_v there_o be_v three_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sueden_n hold_v at_o stockholm_n another_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gothia_n keep_v at_o jencopingh_n and_o a_o three_o for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o finland_n at_o abo_n in_o each_o of_o these_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n be_v precedent_n and_o above_o half_a the_o assessor_n be_v to_o be_v gentleman_n all_o these_o court_n sit_v continual_o or_o at_o most_o have_v but_o short_a vacation_n and_o not_o be_v pester_v with_o too_o much_o formality_n give_v cause_n a_o speedy_a dispatch_n unless_o they_o be_v retard_v by_o some_o underhand_o engagement_n action_n relate_v to_o the_o sea_n be_v triable_a in_o the_o ordinary_a court_n according_a to_o their_o sea-law_n found_v upon_o those_o ancient_a one_o of_o wisby_n in_o gothland_n which_o have_v former_o be_v as_o famous_a in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o oleron_n in_o other_o place_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n have_v not_o any_o peculiar_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o these_o law_n but_o only_o in_o such_o matter_n as_o direct_o concern_v the_o king_n fleet_n and_o in_o some_o place_n that_o belong_v immediate_o to_o the_o admiralty_n for_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a there_o be_v a_o consistory_n in_o each_o diocese_n of_o which_o the_o respective_a bishop_n be_v precedent_n where_o cause_n of_o bastardy_n contract_v of_o marriage_n and_o other_o matter_n of_o that_o nature_n be_v try_v and_o church-censure_n of_o penance_n divorce_n etc._n etc._n inflict_v these_o court_n have_v
not_o power_n to_o administer_v a_o oath_n nor_o to_o inflict_v any_o corporal_a punishment_n from_o they_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o respective_a national_a court_n and_o in_o some_o case_n to_o the_o king_n as_o in_o all_o other_o matter_n for_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o mine_n beside_o inferior_a court_n and_o officer_n settle_v in_o the_o respective_a part_n of_o the_o country_n a_o general_n court_n call_v the_o college_n of_o the_o mine_n sit_v at_o stockholm_n of_o which_o most_o common_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o treasury_n be_v chief_a with_o a_o vicepresident_n and_o other_o assessor_n the_o law_n in_o this_o regard_n be_v more_o exact_a and_o particular_a than_o in_o other_o matter_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n justice_n very_o careful_o administer_v the_o power_n of_o execute_v all_o judicial_a sentence_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n the_o stadtholder_n of_o stockholm_n and_o other_o place_n and_o from_o they_o derive_v to_o inferior_a officer_n who_o be_v accountable_a to_o the_o national_a court_v whither_o they_o may_v be_v convene_v and_o punish_v upon_o plain_a proof_n of_o default_n but_o the_o proof_n be_v difficult_a and_o minister_n of_o justice_n apt_a to_o favour_v each_o other_o they_o take_v great_a liberty_n to_o delay_v execution_n or_o to_o arbitrate_v and_o put_v their_o own_o sense_n upon_o sentence_n so_o that_o this_o part_n of_o justice_n be_v administer_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o other_o and_o have_v a_o influence_n not_o only_o at_o home_n but_o lessen_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o suedish_n subject_n abroad_o against_o who_o justice_n can_v be_v obtain_v without_o great_a difficulty_n the_o ordinary_a charge_n of_o law-suit_n be_v no_o where_o more_o moderate_a than_o in_o sueden_n the_o great_a burden_n arise_v from_o a_o late_a constitution_n that_o all_o declaration_n act_n and_o sentence_n must_v be_v write_v upon_o seal_v paper_n of_o different_a prize_n from_o two_o penny_n to_o seven_o shilling_n a_o sheet_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o benefit_n of_o which_o accrue_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v compute_v to_o bring_v in_o about_o 3000_o l._n a_o year_n other_o charge_n be_v very_o few_o every_o man_n be_v permit_v in_o criminal_a action_n compel_v to_o plead_v his_o own_o cause_n according_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n be_v below_o a_o gentleman_n and_o rather_o the_o refuge_n than_o the_o choice_n of_o mean_a person_n who_o be_v very_o few_o in_o number_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o poor_a the_o custom_n of_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n be_v so_o ancient_a in_o sueden_n that_o their_o writer_n pretend_v it_o have_v its_o original_a among_o they_o and_o be_v thence_o derive_v to_o other_o nation_n but_o at_o present_v it_o be_v disuse_v every_o where_o except_o only_o in_o the_o low_a court_n in_o the_o country_n and_o there_o the_o juryman_n be_v for_o life_n and_o have_v salary_n they_o have_v this_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o that_o among_o they_o there_o must_v be_v a_o unanimous_a concurrence_n to_o determine_v a_o cause_n which_o in_o other_o court_n be_v do_v by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n title_n to_o estate_n be_v render_v more_o secure_a and_o less_o subject_a to_o contest_v by_o the_o register_n that_o be_v keep_v of_o all_o sales_n and_o alienation_n as_o well_o as_o of_o other_o engagement_n of_o they_o the_o purchaser_n run_v the_o hazard_n of_o have_v a_o after-bargain_n take_v place_n of_o he_o if_o he_o omit_v the_o record_v of_o his_o transaction_n in_o the_o proper_a court_n in_o criminal_a matter_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o very_o evident_a or_o where_o the_o judge_n be_v very_o favourable_a the_o defendant_n be_v admit_v to_o purge_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o which_o be_v oftentimes_o add_v the_o oath_n of_o six_o or_o twelve_o other_o man_n who_o be_v all_o voucher_n of_o his_o integrity_n treason_n murder_n double_a adultery_n burn_v of_o house_n witchcraft_n and_o the_o like_a heinous_a crime_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n which_o be_v execute_v by_o hang_v of_o man_n and_o behead_v of_o woman_n to_o which_o burn_v alive_a or_o dead_a quarter_a and_o hang_v in_o chain_n be_v sometime_o add_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n criminal_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o nobility_n be_v usual_o shoot_v to_o death_n the_o punishment_n of_o steal_v be_v of_o late_a instead_o of_o death_n change_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o perpetual_a slavery_n the_o guilty_a party_n be_v condemn_v to_o work_v all_o his_o life_n for_o ☞_o the_o king_n in_o make_v fortification_n or_o other_o drudgery_n and_o always_o have_v a_o collar_n of_o iron_n about_o his_o neck_n with_o a_o bow_n come_v over_o his_o head_n to_o which_o be_v a_o bell_n fasten_v that_o ring_v as_o he_o go_v along_o duel_n between_o gentleman_n if_o the_o one_o party_n be_v kill_v be_v punish_v with_o the_o survivor_n death_n and_o a_o note_n of_o infamy_n upon_o the_o memory_n of_o both_o if_o neither_o be_v kill_v they_o be_v both_o condemn_v to_o a_o prison_n with_o bread_n and_o water_n for_o two_o year_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o fine_a of_o 1000_o crown_n or_o one_o year_n imprisonment_n and_o 2000_o crown_n reparation_n of_o honour_n in_o case_n of_o affront_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o respective_a national_a court_n where_o recantation_n and_o public_a beg_v of_o pardon_n be_v usual_o inflict_v estate_n as_o well_o acquire_v as_o inherit_v descend_v to_o the_o child_n in_o equal_a portion_n of_o which_o a_o son_n have_v two_o and_o a_o daughter_n one_o nor_o be_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parent_n to_o alter_v this_o proportion_n without_o the_o intervention_n of_o a_o judicial_a sentence_n in_o case_n of_o their_o child_n disobedience_n only_o they_o may_v bequeath_v a_o ten_o of_o their_o acquire_v possession_n to_o such_o child_n or_o other_o as_o they_o will_v favour_v where_o a_o estate_n descend_v encumber_v with_o debt_n the_o heir_n usual_o take_v two_o or_o three_o month_n time_n as_o the_o law_n allow_v to_o search_v into_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o deceased_n estate_n and_o then_o either_o accept_v the_o inheritance_n or_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o law_n which_o in_o that_o case_n administer_v as_o late_o beside_o other_o instance_n be_v practise_v upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o late_a rix_n drost_n count_n magnus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gardier_n the_o king_n uncle_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o natural_a inclination_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o suede_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o climate_n which_o afford_v a_o very_a healthful_a and_o dry_a as_o well_o as_o sharp_a air_n dispose_v the_o native_n to_o a_o vigorous_a constitution_n and_o that_o confirm_v by_o a_o hardy_a education_n course_n fare_v hard_a lodging_n etc._n etc._n qualify_v they_o to_o endure_v whatever_o uneasy_a circumstance_n befall_v they_o better_o than_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o more_o moderate_a country_n and_o more_o indulgent_o breed_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o clime_n shall_v in_o a_o manner_n cramp_v the_o faculty_n of_o their_o body_n and_o indispose_v they_o for_o any_o great_a degree_n of_o dexterity_n and_o nimbleness_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o their_o mind_n too_o which_o seldom_o be_v find_v endue_v with_o any_o eminent_a share_n of_o vivacity_n or_o pregnancy_n of_o wit_n yet_o by_o industry_n experience_n and_o travel_v not_o a_o few_o of_o they_o arrive_v at_o a_o mature_a and_o solid_a judgement_n be_v lead_v by_o their_o genius_n to_o serious_a thing_n in_o which_o they_o that_o have_v patience_n to_o go_v through_o with_o the_o study_n they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o become_v excellent_a and_o merit_v the_o title_n of_o great_a and_o able_a man_n but_o this_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v the_o talon_n of_o this_o nation_n they_o be_v general_o more_o apt_a to_o sit_v down_o with_o superficial_a acquisition_n than_o to_o pursue_v their_o study_n to_o a_o fundamental_a degree_n this_o disposition_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n qualify_v they_o more_o for_o a_o life_n of_o labour_n and_o fatigue_n than_o of_o art_n and_o curiosity_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v visible_a in_o all_o order_n of_o man_n among_o they_o the_o nobility_n most_o apply_o themselves_o to_o a_o military_a life_n in_o which_o they_o be_v more_o famous_a for_o courage_n and_o endure_a hardship_n than_o for_o stratagem_n and_o intrigue_n they_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o administration_n of_o civil_a affair_n though_o they_o be_v indeed_o laborious_a and_o indefatigable_a in_o their_o business_n yet_o they_o seldom_o raise_v their_o speculation_n above_o what_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o employment_n require_v their_o ability_n proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o study_n as_o experience_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o
determination_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o king_n breast_n his_o majesty_n have_v also_o the_o patronage_n of_o most_o church_n some_o few_o only_a be_v in_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o nobility_n many_o of_o their_o church_n be_v adorn_v with_o variety_n of_o sculpture_n paint_v gild_v etc._n etc._n all_o of_o they_o be_v keep_v neat_a and_o clean_a and_o in_o good_a repair_n furnish_v as_o well_o in_o country_n as_o city_n with_o rich_a altarclothe_n cope_n and_o other_o vestment_n for_o the_o more_o regular_a government_n of_o the_o church_n it_o have_v be_v find_v necessary_a to_o cause_v the_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a law_n and_o canon_n to_o be_v revise_v by_o a_o committee_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o several_a body_n of_o the_o estate_n who_o have_v spend_v some_o year_n in_o that_o matter_n and_o at_o last_o present_v the_o king_n with_o a_o new_a system_fw-la of_o church-law_n wherein_o his_o majesty_n have_v cause_v such_o alteration_n to_o be_v make_v as_o he_o think_v fit_a have_v late_o approve_v and_o publish_v they_o of_o these_o some_o that_o concern_v their_o religion_n in_o general_n shall_v here_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o these_o new_a canon_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o if_o any_o suedish_n subject_n change_v his_o religion_n he_o shall_v be_v banish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o lose_v all_o right_n of_o inheritance_n both_o for_o himself_o and_o his_o descendant_n if_o any_o continue_v excommunicate_v above_o a_o year_n he_o shall_v be_v imprison_v a_o month_n with_o bread_n and_o water_n and_o then_o banish_v if_o any_o bring_v into_o the_o country_n teacher_n of_o another_o religion_n he_o shall_v be_v fine_v and_o banish_v foreign_a minister_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n only_o for_o themselves_o and_o family_n stranger_n of_o a_o different_a religion_n shall_v have_v no_o public_a exercise_n of_o it_o and_o their_o child_n shall_v be_v baptize_v by_o lutheran_n minister_n and_o educate_v in_o that_o religion_n otherwise_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o suedish_n subject_n these_o law_n as_o they_o oblige_v the_o clergy_n to_o a_o more_o constant_a attendance_n on_o all_o the_o part_n of_o their_o duty_n than_o have_v former_o be_v practise_v so_o they_o require_v the_o laity_n to_o frequent_v the_o church_n on_o all_o occasion_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n especial_o on_o day_n of_o great_a solemnity_n make_v very_o strict_a search_n and_o punish_v such_o as_o be_v find_v absent_a from_o church_n without_o a_o just_a excuse_n with_o imprisonment_n and_o other_o severity_n but_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o entrust_v with_o the_o sole_a administration_n of_o these_o law_n nor_o impower_v by_o they_o to_o transact_v matter_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o civil_a power_n for_o beside_o that_o many_o cause_n former_o triable_a in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n be_v now_o transfer_v to_o the_o secular_a magistrate_n the_o king_n reserve_v to_o his_o own_o cognizance_n several_a case_n of_o that_o kind_n especial_o the_o point_n of_o excommunication_n which_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o pronounce_v against_o any_o one_o till_o the_o king_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o case_n and_o give_v leave_v which_o caution_n be_v use_v because_o of_o the_o consequence_n which_o be_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o subject_a chap._n vi_o of_o the_o university_n of_o sueden_n learn_v whatever_o their_o modern_a writer_n pretend_v can_v plead_v no_o great_a antiquity_n in_o this_o country_n the_o institution_n of_o a_o university_n at_o upsall_n be_v not_o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o few_o monument_n extant_a of_o a_o more_o ancient_a date_n but_o only_a funeral_n inscription_n rude_o cut_v upon_o rock_n and_o unhew'n_a stone_n which_o be_v every_o where_o find_v but_o as_o they_o have_v no_o date_n so_o they_o seldom_o express_v more_o than_o the_o name_n of_o person_n of_o who_o no_o other_o memory_n remain_v that_o which_o make_v they_o most_o remarkable_a be_v that_o they_o be_v write_v in_o the_o ancient_a gothic_a language_n and_o the_o runick_a character_n the_o most_o curious_a piece_n of_o learning_n among_o they_o be_v a_o translation_n of_o the_o evangelist_n into_o the_o gothic_a tongue_n do_v about_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o hundred_o year_n ago_o by_o ulphila_n a_o bishop_n of_o the_o goth_n in_o thracia_n of_o which_o they_o have_v the_o sole_a ancient_a manuscript_n copy_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v in_o the_o world_n since_o the_o reformation_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v the_o first_o great_a patron_n learn_v have_v in_o this_o country_n by_o who_o the_o university_n that_o have_v be_v much_o impair_v be_v endow_v with_o tolerable_a salary_n for_o professor_n in_o most_o science_n these_o his_o daughter_n queen_n christina_n somewhat_o augment_v and_o by_o the_o fame_n of_o she_o own_o learning_n and_o the_o favourable_a reception_n she_o give_v to_o scholar_n draw_v several_a learned_a man_n from_o abroad_o that_o have_v leave_v good_a proof_n of_o their_o ability_n and_o raise_v a_o emulation_n in_o the_o native_n who_o best_a performance_n be_v in_o the_o history_n antiquity_n and_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o country_n the_o university_n of_o upsall_n consist_v of_o a_o chancellor_n who_o be_v always_o a_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n a_o vicechancellor_n always_o the_o archbishop_n a_o rector_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o professor_n of_o who_o there_o be_v about_o twenty_o that_o have_v each_o 150_o l._n a_o year_n salary_n the_o ordinary_a number_n of_o student_n be_v above_o seven_o or_o eight_o hundred_o fifty_o of_o which_o be_v maintain_v by_o the_o king_n and_o some_o few_o other_o be_v former_o by_o person_n of_o quality_n the_o rest_n that_o can_v subsist_v of_o themselves_o spend_v the_o vacation_n in_o gather_v the_o charity_n of_o the_o diocese_n they_o belong_v to_o which_o be_v common_o give_v they_o in_o corn_n butter_n dry_a fish_n or_o flesh_n etc._n etc._n upon_o which_o they_o subsist_v at_o the_o university_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n they_o live_v not_o collegiate_o but_o in_o private_a house_n nor_o wear_v gown_n nor_o observe_v other_o discipline_n than_o what_o their_o own_o necessity_n or_o disposition_n lead_v they_o to_o the_o other_o university_n of_o abo_n in_o finland_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o less_o numerous_a in_o professor_n and_o student_n there_o be_v a_o three_o at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi which_o have_v be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o late_a war_n be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v discontinue_v because_o its_o neighbourhood_n to_o denmark_n nourish_v in_o the_o student_n a_o affection_n for_o that_o crown_n to_o which_o that_o province_n former_o appertain_v yet_o it_o be_v again_o restore_v in_o each_o diocese_n there_o be_v one_o free_a school_n where_o boy_n be_v fit_v for_o the_o university_n and_o other_o trivial_a school_n to_o which_o child_n be_v send_v to_o learn_v to_o read_v write_v and_o sing_v their_o prayer_n a_o custom_n so_o universal_a that_o very_o few_o of_o they_o want_v this_o degree_n of_o education_n and_o further_o than_o that_o such_o as_o be_v not_o design_v for_o study_n do_v very_o seldom_o go_v nor_o waste_v their_o time_n in_o other_o needless_a improvement_n public_a provision_n for_o the_o poor_a be_v very_o few_o there_o be_v not_o above_o five_o or_o six_o hospital_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o a_o little_a alms-house_n in_o each_o parish_n maintain_v by_o the_o charity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v very_o well_o dispose_v according_a to_o their_o ability_n chap._n vii_o of_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n marriage_n in_o sueden_n be_v total_o govern_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o parent_n and_o found_v so_o much_o upon_o interest_n that_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o party_n be_v little_o regard_v nor_o the_o nation_n much_o trouble_v with_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o lover_n steal_v of_o match_n be_v scarce_o hear_v of_o in_o a_o age_n nor_o can_v the_o church_n give_v licence_n to_o marry_v without_o publication_n of_o the_o banns_n person_n of_o quality_n of_o both_o sex_n common_o remain_v unmarried_a till_o thirty_o or_o above_o because_o their_o fortune_n on_o both_o side_n be_v in_o their_o parent_n hand_n while_o they_o live_v they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o maintain_v a_o family_n till_o the_o death_n of_o relation_n or_o advancement_n to_o office_n furnish_v they_o with_o the_o mean_n of_o subsist_v the_o woman_n while_o young_a have_v general_o fair_a complexion_n tolerable_a feature_n and_o good_a shape_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v account_v more_o eminent_a for_o chastity_n before_o marriage_n than_o fidelity_n after_o they_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o seldom_o fail_v of_o a_o numerous_a issue_n they_o be_v no_o where_o make_v great_a drudge_n than_o here_o the_o mean_a sort_n be_v beside_o the_o
of_o bahunz_n situate_a upon_o a_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o deep_a river_n but_o overlookt_v by_o the_o rock_n near_o it_o the_o city_n of_o gottenburgh_n be_v a_o well_o fortify_v place_n but_o whole_o command_v by_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n the_o town_n of_o marstrand_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o elfsburgh_n lie_v towards_o the_o sea_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o denmark_n be_v waerburgh_n halmstad_n landscrone_n and_o malmo_n place_n of_o good_a defence_n upon_o the_o baltic_a shoar_n be_v carlescrone_n and_o calmar_n with_o two_o small_a fort_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n lead_v to_o stockholm_n the_o northern_a part_n be_v cover_v with_o lapland_n the_o border_n of_o finland_n towards_o russia_n with_o vast_a wood_n and_o morass_n and_o in_o some_o part_n with_o castle_n and_o fort_n in_o liefland_n beside_o riga_n revell_n and_o narva_n which_o be_v very_o strong_a place_n there_o be_v several_a considerable_a fortress_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o trade_n of_o sueden_n though_o sueden_n have_v in_o all_o time_n furnish_v europe_n with_o those_o necessary_a comodities_n it_o abound_v with_o yet_o either_o the_o warlike_a temper_n the_o idleness_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v former_o keep_v they_o from_o be_v much_o concern_v in_o trade_n and_o give_v stranger_n the_o management_n and_o advantage_n of_o it_o which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o hans_n town_n situate_a on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n monopolise_v till_o the_o seven_o province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o be_v erect_v into_o a_o republic_n and_o become_v sharer_n with_o they_o before_o that_o time_n very_o little_a iron_n be_v make_v in_o sueden_n but_o the_o oar_n be_v run_v into_o pig_n be_v carry_v to_o dantzick_n and_o other_o part_n of_o prussia_n and_o there_o forge_v into_o bar_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o country_n smith_n in_o england_n call_v foreign_a iron_n dansk_a or_o spruce_a iron_n the_o nation_n owe_v the_o great_a improvement_n it_o have_v make_v in_o trade_n to_o the_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o some_o ingenious_a mechanic_n that_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr alva_n drive_v into_o these_o part_n their_o success_n invite_v great_a number_n of_o reform_a waloon_n to_o transplant_v thither_o who_o language_n and_o religion_n remain_v in_o the_o place_n they_o settle_v in_o where_o they_o erect_v forge_n and_o other_o convenience_n for_o make_v of_o iron_n gun_n wire_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n of_o copper_n brass_n and_o iron_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v still_o carry_v on_o by_o their_o posterity_n the_o suedish_n navigation_n be_v very_o inconsiderable_a till_o queen_n christina_n at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o war_n in_o 1644._o obtain_v from_o denmark_n a_o freedom_n from_o custom_n for_o all_o ship_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o suedish_n subject_n in_o their_o passage_n through_o the_o sound_n and_o establish_v in_o she_o own_o dominion_n that_o difference_n in_o custom_n that_o still_o subsist_v between_o suedish_n and_o foreign_a ship_n and_o be_v in_o proportion_n of_o 4_o 5_o 6_o the_o first_o call_v wholefree_a the_o second_o half_n and_o the_o last_o vnfree_n so_o that_o where_o a_o whole_a free_a suedish_n ship_n pay_v 400_o crown_n half_a free_a pay_v 500_o and_o a_o foreign_a vessel_n 600._o but_o as_o great_a as_o this_o advantage_n be_v it_o have_v but_o little_a effect_n till_o the_o english_a art_n of_o navigation_n bridle_v the_o hollander_n and_o open_v the_o intercourse_n between_o england_n and_o sueden_n since_o that_o time_n their_o commerce_n have_v be_v much_o augment_v as_o well_o as_o we_o that_o way_n and_o good_n transport_v by_o both_o or_o either_o party_n according_a to_o the_o various_a juncture_n of_o affair_n when_o sueden_n have_v be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n the_o english_a ship_n have_v have_v the_o whole_a employ_v but_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o advantage_n be_v so_o great_a on_o the_o suedish_n side_n and_o merchant_n so_o much_o encourage_v by_o freedom_n in_o custom_n to_o employ_v their_o ship_n that_o english_a bottom_n can_v be_v use_v in_o that_o trade_n but_o only_o while_o sueden_n be_v unprovided_a with_o a_o number_n of_o ship_n sufficient_a for_o the_o transportation_n of_o their_o own_o commodity_n whether_o it_o be_v feasible_a to_o lay_v a_o duty_n upon_o suedish_n ship_n import_v good_n into_o england_n proportionable_a to_o what_o be_v lay_v upon_o foreign_a vessel_n there_o or_o whether_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n as_o to_o merit_v such_o a_o resolution_n do_v not_o belong_v to_o this_o discourse_n to_o determine_v the_o chief_a commodity_n sueden_n vend_v be_v copper_n iron_n pitch_n tar_n mast_n deal_v and_o wooden_a ware_n beside_o the_o commodity_n export_v from_o liefland_n to_o the_o value_n of_o about_o 700000_o l._n a_o year_n in_o return_n of_o which_o they_o receive_v from_o abroad_o salt_n wines_n and_o brandy_n cloth_n stuff_n tobacco_n sugar_n spice_n paper_n linen_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o good_n which_o be_v suppose_v common_o to_o balance_v their_o exportation_n and_o sometime_o exceed_v they_o their_o trade_n to_o portugal_n for_o salt_n be_v account_v most_o necessary_a as_o without_o great_a quantity_n of_o which_o they_o can_v subsist_v that_o with_o england_n be_v more_o beneficial_a because_o it_o take_v off_o almost_o half_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o bring_v in_o near_o two_o three_o of_o money_n for_o one_o of_o good_n the_o worst_a be_v their_o french_a trade_n in_o regard_n it_o rather_o supply_v their_o vanity_n than_o necessity_n and_o give_v little_a or_o no_o vent_n to_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n the_o general_a direction_n of_o their_o trade_n belong_v to_o the_o college_n of_o commerce_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o treasury_n and_o four_o councillor_n who_o hear_v cause_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o redress_v any_o disorder_n that_o happen_v the_o bank_n at_o stockholm_n be_v of_o great_a benefit_n to_o trade_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n that_o the_o king_n custom_n for_o that_o city_n be_v pay_v in_o there_o as_o also_o that_o the_o merchant_n ordinary_o make_v payment_n to_o each_o other_o by_o bill_n draw_v upon_o it_o which_o ease_v they_o of_o a_o great_a trouble_n in_o transport_v their_o money_n from_o place_n to_o place_n that_o will_v otherwise_o be_v very_o difficult_a and_o chargeable_a this_o bank_n be_v well_o constitute_v and_o be_v in_o very_o good_a credit_n whilst_o it_o have_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o its_o guarantee_n of_o which_o it_o have_v now_o but_o the_o shadow_n those_o state_n be_v and_o be_v now_o style_v the_o king_n not_o kingdom_n state_n so_o that_o all_o its_o foundation_n derive_v now_o from_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o may_v on_o several_a occasion_n diminish_v not_o only_o its_o own_o sufficiency_n but_o also_o the_o confidence_n of_o those_o that_o make_v use_v of_o it_o the_o management_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o sueden_n have_v always_o in_o the_o main_a be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o stranger_n most_o of_o the_o native_n want_v either_o capacity_n or_o application_n and_o all_o of_o they_o stock_n to_o drive_v it_o for_o without_o credit_n from_o abroad_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o iron-work_n go_v and_o therefore_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n they_o usual_o make_v contract_n with_o the_o english_a and_o other_o foreigner_n who_o then_o advance_v considerable_a sum_n and_o receive_v iron_n in_o summer_n be_v it_o not_o for_o this_o necessity_n foreign_a merchant_n will_v have_v but_o little_a encouragement_n or_o scarce_o permission_n to_o live_v and_o trade_n among_o they_o and_o even_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v their_o treatment_n of_o they_o be_v as_o rigorous_a as_o in_o any_o country_n occasion_v chief_o by_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o burgher_n who_o can_v with_o any_o patience_n see_v a_o stranger_n thrive_v among_o they_o this_o be_v less_o sensible_a to_o hollander_n and_o other_o many_o of_o who_o become_v burgher_n and_o the_o rest_n by_o their_o near_a way_n of_o live_v be_v less_o subject_n to_o envy_n but_o be_v more_o especial_o the_o case_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o find_v it_o not_o their_o interest_n to_o become_v burgher_n and_o usual_o live_v somewhat_o too_o high_a the_o interest_n of_o england_n in_o the_o trade_n of_o sueden_n may_v be_v compute_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o commodity_n to_o we_o and_o the_o vent_n of_o we_o there_o their_o copper_n iron_n tar_n pitch_n mast_n &c._n &c._n can_v be_v have_v elsewhere_o except_o from_o america_n whence_o it_o have_v be_v suppose_v such_o supply_n may_v be_v furnish_v and_o if_o so_o this_o consideration_n ought_v in_o reason_n to_o have_v a_o influence_n on_o the_o suedish_n counsel_n and_o engage_v they_o to_o make_v the_o english_a trade_n with_o they_o as_o
at_o first_o receive_v governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o two_o year_n after_o have_v the_o regal_a dignity_n confer_v on_o he_o and_o as_o the_o dane_n and_o norwegian_n have_v also_o expel_v king_n christiern_n who_o have_v marry_v charles_n the_o 5th_n sister_n and_o repair_v to_o the_o imperial_a court_n for_o succour_n which_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v to_o any_o purpose_n be_v upon_o his_o land_n in_o norway_n defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n in_o which_o state_n he_o continue_v to_o his_o death_n therefore_o gustavus_n be_v free_v from_o all_o further_a trouble_n on_o that_o account_n and_o at_o liberty_n to_o redress_v the_o disorder_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v great_a his_o first_o contest_v be_v with_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o much_o confusion_n in_o former_a reign_n to_o prevent_v which_o for_o the_o future_a he_o take_v all_o occasion_n to_o diminish_v their_o revenue_n reunite_a to_o the_o crown_n all_o the_o land_n that_o have_v be_v give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o last_o hundred_o year_n which_o together_o with_o the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n disquiet_v the_o first_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o occasion_v frequent_a commotion_n which_o be_v over_o the_o remainder_n of_o his_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o disturbance_n at_o home_n or_o war_n abroad_o save_v only_o with_o lubeck_n and_o sometime_o with_o moscovy_n hitherto_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sueden_n have_v for_o several_a hundred_o year_n be_v elective_a but_o be_v at_o this_o time_n make_v hereditary_a to_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o gustavus_n in_o a_o right_a line_n of_o succession_n with_o reservation_n that_o in_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n the_o right_n of_o election_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o estate_n gustavus_n by_o his_o three_o wife_n have_v four_o son_n and_o several_a daughter_n his_o elder_a son_n erick_n be_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n john_n be_v make_v duke_n of_o finland_n magnus_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_n and_o charles_n duke_n of_o sudermanland_n whereby_o those_o province_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n dismember_v from_o the_o crown_n a_o error_n in_o policy_n that_o sueden_n have_v so_o oft_o smart_v for_o that_o they_o have_v since_o make_v solemn_a resolution_n never_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o again_o thus_o have_v in_o his_o reign_n of_o thirty_o six_o year_n bring_v the_o kingdom_n into_o such_o a_o flourish_a condition_n as_o it_o have_v not_o see_v in_o many_o age_n and_o entail_v a_o crown_n upon_o his_o family_n in_o which_o it_o still_o continue_v he_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n erick_n 1559._o who_o be_v thereby_o hinder_v from_o prosecute_a his_o intend_a voyage_n to_o england_n with_o hope_n to_o marry_v queen_n elizabeth_n he_o reign_v nine_o year_n five_o of_o which_o he_o keep_v his_o brother_n john_n close_a prisoner_n upon_o suspicion_n of_o his_o design_v to_o supplant_v he_o as_o he_o final_o do_v but_o not_o before_o erick_n his_o make_v a_o peasant_n daughter_n his_o queen_n and_o by_o several_a cruel_a and_o dishonourable_a action_n have_v lose_v the_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n so_o that_o he_o be_v without_o much_o difficulty_n depose_v and_o condemn_v to_o a_o perpetual_a prison_n where_o he_o end_v his_o life_n upon_o his_o deposition_n the_o crown_n come_v to_o john_n iii_o 1568._o notwithstanding_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v engage_v their_o future_a allegiance_n to_o king_n erick_n son_n that_o he_o have_v by_o the_o queen_n before_o marriage_n the_o war_n with_o moscovy_n which_o begin_v in_o king_n erick_n time_n about_o liefland_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o this_o king_n with_o good_a success_n and_o several_a place_n take_v to_o which_o not_o only_o muscovy_n but_o poland_n and_o denmark_n also_o pretend_v for_o as_o the_o knight_n templar_n have_v transfer_v their_o right_n to_o liefland_n upon_o poland_n so_o the_o muscovite_n have_v agree_v to_o deliver_v it_o to_o magnus_n duke_n of_o holstein_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n brother_n in_o consideration_n of_o a_o small_a acknowledgement_n to_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n as_o the_o supreme_a lord_n so_o that_o four_o great_a nation_n claim_v this_o country_n at_o once_o which_o possible_o may_v facilitate_v the_o suedish_n conquest_n this_o prince_n reign_n be_v disquiet_v by_o his_o attempt_n to_o alter_v the_o establish_v religion_n in_o which_o he_o make_v considerable_a progress_n but_o be_v sometime_o in_o doubt_n whether_o he_o shall_v endeavour_v a_o union_n with_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a church_n to_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o at_o last_o declare_v himself_o but_o can_v not_o prevail_v with_o his_o subject_n to_o follow_v his_o example_n he_o keep_v his_o brother_n erick_n ten_o year_n in_o prison_n and_o then_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o safety_n to_o have_v he_o poison_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n which_o it_o be_v say_v the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v give_v his_o brother_n magnus_n do_v not_o minister_v any_o cause_n of_o suspicion_n be_v disturb_v in_o his_o brain_n and_o uncapable_a of_o have_v any_o design_n but_o his_o brother_n charles_n give_v he_o sufficient_a occasion_n of_o jealousy_n and_o it_o be_v not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n that_o thing_n be_v keep_v from_o come_v to_o a_o extremity_n between_o they_o after_o a_o reign_n of_o thirty_o six_o year_n king_n john_n die_v by_o the_o fault_n of_o a_o ignorant_a apothecary_n there_o be_v then_o no_o physician_n in_o sueden_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n sigismond_n 1592._o who_o mother_n be_v catharine_n a_o princess_n of_o the_o jagellan_n family_n in_o poland_n to_o which_o crown_n sigismond_n have_v be_v elect_v five_o year_n before_o his_o father_n die_v his_o brother_n john_n be_v in_o his_o minority_n so_o that_o his_o uncle_n charles_n have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o sigismond_n come_v from_o poland_n to_o be_v crown_v in_o sueden_n which_o be_v not_o till_o about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o father_n decease_n his_o coronation_n be_v retard_v some_o month_n by_o the_o difficulty_n that_o arise_v about_o the_o point_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o privilege_n all_o which_o be_v at_o last_o accommodate_v and_o the_o king_n after_o a_o year_n stay_v in_o sueden_n return_v to_o poland_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n in_o great_a confusion_n which_o daily_o increase_v so_o that_o at_o his_o return_n some_o year_n after_o 1598._o he_o be_v meet_v by_o his_o uncle_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n which_o defeat_v the_o force_n the_o king_n bring_v with_o he_o whereupon_o a_o accommodation_n be_v patch_v up_o he_o return_v to_o poland_n leave_v his_o uncle_n to_o manage_v the_o government_n which_o post_n he_o hold_v till_o the_o state_n be_v weary_a of_o sigismond_n and_o have_v in_o vain_a bring_v he_o to_o consent_v to_o his_o son_n advancement_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o his_o brother_n john_n also_o refuse_v they_o confer_v it_o upon_o his_o uncle_n charles_n the_o 9th_o who_o thereby_o become_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o poland_n as_o he_o be_v already_o with_o muscovy_n 1604._o the_o scene_n of_o both_o be_v in_o liefland_n where_o the_o suede_v lose_v ground_n till_o the_o affair_n of_o muscovy_n fall_v into_o such_o confusion_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v sueden_fw-mi a_o peace_n that_o they_o may_v have_v its_o assistance_n against_o the_o pole_n and_o tartar_n which_o be_v grant_v upon_o term_n very_o advantageous_a for_o sueden_n and_o send_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o count_n jacob_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gardie_n who_o do_v muscovy_n great_a service_n but_o the_o muscovite_n fail_v to_o perform_v the_o condition_n stipulate_v he_o break_v with_o they_o and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o novogrod_n and_o dispose_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o other_o of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n to_o desire_v prince_n charles_n philip_n the_o king_n be_v young_a son_n to_o be_v their_o czar_n which_o be_v so_o long_o in_o treat_v about_o that_o the_o opportunity_n be_v lose_v the_o year_n before_o this_o king_n death_n a_o war_n break_v out_o with_o denmark_n in_o which_o state_n he_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n gustavus_n adolphus_n 1611._o who_o have_v end_v the_o war_n with_o denmark_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o james_n the_o one_a of_o england_n apply_v himself_o to_o that_o in_o leifland_n and_o muscovy_n to_o the_o border_n of_o which_o he_o send_v his_o brother_n not_o with_o a_o intention_n to_o procure_v his_o establishment_n in_o that_o throne_n which_o he_o rather_o aim_v at_o for_o himself_o but_o to_o induce_v the_o fortify_v place_n adjacent_a to_o finland_n and_o liefland_n to_o accept_v of_o suedish_n garrison_n in_o prince_n charles_n phillip_n name_n which_o succeed_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n till_o another_o be_v choose_v czar_n with_o who_o after_o various_a success_n on_o both_o side_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v by_o the_o