from_o the_o middle_n and_o send_v forth_o ray_n it_o signify_v a_o moist_a and_o windy_a season_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a in_o his_o set_n but_o if_o it_o be_v red_a the_o air_n will_v be_v quiet_a and_o serene_a the_o next_o day_n 4._o if_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a set_v in_o black_a cloud_n it_o signify_v a_o northwind_n 5._o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v red_a like_o unto_o gold_n it_o be_v deem_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o wind_n according_a to_o the_o verse_n pallida_fw-la luna_fw-la pluit_fw-la rubicunda_fw-la fiat_fw-la alba_fw-la serenat_fw-la 6._o a_o circle_n about_o the_o moon_n 7._o if_o that_o the_o northern-horn_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v more_o extend_v a_o northwind_n be_v approach_v 8._o if_o that_o the_o southern_a a_o southwind_n be_v at_o hand_n 9_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o more_o note_a star_n as_o of_o the_o bear_n orion_n and_o especial_o the_o goat_n with_o the_o sun_n 10._o if_o the_o small_a star_n in_o cancer_n term_v asellos_fw-la be_v cover_v with_o a_o cloud_n if_o the_o northern_a of_o they_o be_v cover_v the_o wind_n will_v be_v south_n if_o the_o southren_n be_v cover_v it_o will_v be_v north._n 11._o for_o the_o most_o part_n wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v when_o that_o the_o wind_n cease_v 12._o when_o a_o certain_a noise_n and_o murmur_n like_v to_o a_o ebullition_n be_v hear_v in_o the_o sea_n 13._o the_o ancient_n also_o prognosticate_v from_o the_o raven_n the_o dolphin_n and_o other_o animal_n 14._o from_o fiery_a meteor_n as_o from_o lightning_n and_o falling-star_n but_o not_o from_o the_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la proposition_n xviii_o why_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o blow_v with_o great_a force_n than_o in_o the_o hot_a summer_n or_o cold_a winter_n winter_n great_a and_o more_o frequent_a wind_n in_o spring_n and_o autumn_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o cold_a winter_n in_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n especial_o in_o mountainous_a place_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o open_v and_o send_v forth_o many_o exhalation_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n be_v then_o more_o thin_a when_o that_o they_o be_v condense_v in_o the_o winter_n add_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o month_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o in_o the_o very_a spring_n many_o ray_n do_v fall_v by_o reason_n that_o humid_a constellation_n than_o have_v possess_v those_o house_n of_o the_o zodiac_n into_o which_o on_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o account_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o also_o in_o autumn_n the_o frequent_a ray_n and_o exhalation_n be_v to_o be_v account_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o moderate_a heat_n proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n advance_v the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n yet_o such_o as_o be_v more_o thick_a and_o less_o attenuate_v but_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o ray_n be_v very_o seldom_o see_v at_o that_o season_n viz._n because_o that_o the_o sun_n overmuch_o attenuate_v the_o exhalation_n and_o do_v not_o permit_v they_o so_o to_o conjoin_v or_o meet_v in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o be_v require_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_n be_v not_o general_a or_o always_o true_a and_o neither_o be_v it_o general_o true_a that_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o here_o we_o be_v only_o to_o understand_v it_o concern_v that_o which_o oftentimes_o happen_v but_o in_o the_o sharp_a winter_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o rare_a and_o that_o by_o reason_n that_o both_o few_o vapour_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v elevate_v be_v either_o condense_a into_o cloud_n or_o be_v so_o dissipate_v by_o frost_n that_o they_o cause_v no_o wind_n proposition_n xix_o in_o what_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o in_o what_o region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v blow_v in_o what_o region_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v there_o be_v some_o that_o suppose_v the_o wind_n not_o to_o exceed_v the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o discover_v that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o olympus_n feel_v no_o blast_n but_o i_o question_v the_o observation_n see_v that_o the_o smoke_n cast_v forth_o from_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n aetna_n be_v discern_v to_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o the_o wind_n therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o windy_a commotion_n may_v be_v cause_v also_o in_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xx._n unto_o what_o space_n one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o itself_o how_o far_o one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n seem_v to_o encompass_v the_o whole_a earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n either_o from_o the_o north_n or_o south_n for_o many_o day_n and_o long_a space_n be_v wont_a to_o accompany_v and_o follow_v mariner_n the_o same_o seem_v true_a concern_v collateral_a line_n but_o this_o diversity_n be_v because_o that_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v different_a in_o divers_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o ten_o proposition_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o wind_n in_o particular_a and_o tempest_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v the_o distribution_n and_o difference_n or_o rather_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o quarter_n from_o whence_o they_o blow_v or_o seem_v to_o blow_v which_o division_n also_o be_v accidental_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o those_o quarter_n be_v relate_v now_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v allege_v the_o division_n and_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o else_o be_v proper_a to_o certain_a tract_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o that_o we_o desire_v to_o have_v more_o and_o those_o likewise_o more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v these_o thing_n but_o we_o will_v produce_v what_o we_o have_v collect_v with_o much_o labour_n from_o the_o diaries_n of_o the_o seaman_n proposition_n i._n one_o wind_n be_v constant_a and_o another_o inconstant_a inconstant_a of_o wind_n constant_a and_o inconstant_a that_o be_v a_o constant_a wind_n which_o at_o the_o least_o for_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n blow_v from_o the_o same_o quarter_n that_o be_v a_o inconstant_a wind_n which_o sometime_o blow_v and_o other_o some_o be_v change_v into_o other_o wind_n blow_v from_o other_o quarter_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o more_o or_o less_o duration_n of_o the_o same_o wind_n also_o of_o the_o swift_a immutation_n seem_v to_o be_v 1._o if_o that_o it_o be_v from_o a_o general_a cause_n or_o from_o a_o cause_n less_o constant_a so_o wind_n proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v constant_a so_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n especial_o in_o the_o mountain_n 2._o if_o that_o by_o chance_n there_o be_v no_o such_o vapour_n in_o other_o quarter_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o generate_v wind_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o circumambient_a air_n about_o the_o cloud_n of_o which_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v be_v more_o thick_a and_o grant_v no_o passage_n to_o the_o exhalation_n but_o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o thick_a or_o more_o relax_v and_o that_o few_o vapour_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o divers_a place_n and_o quarter_n and_o last_o if_o that_o the_o general_a cause_n do_v cease_v than_o indeed_o the_o wind_n be_v find_v variable_a which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n gentle_a proposition_n ii_o one_o wind_n be_v general_a and_o another_o particular_a wind_n of_o general_a and_o particular_a wind_n the_o general_a wind_n be_v term_v by_o mariner_n a_o passant_a wind_n which_o at_o many_o place_n at_o once_o in_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o earth_n blow_v on_o the_o sea_n almost_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n that_o be_v term_v a_o particular_a on_o the_o contrary_a which_o blow_v not_o at_o once_o in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n now_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v hinder_v 1._o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o earth_n for_o here_o vapour_n from_o other_o quarter_n do_v interpose_v
many_o place_n but_o in_o some_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o in_o other_o malabar_n serpent_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o at_o cambaja_n serpent_n be_v discover_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n to_o seaman_n that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o those_o region_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o new_a spain_n many_o root_n bulrush_n and_o leave_n like_v unto_o figleaf_n float_n on_o the_o water_n which_o they_o eat_v and_o be_v in_o taste_n like_o unto_o colewort_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o dutch_a unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n we_o read_v that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n in_o anno_fw-la 1599_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o silver-river_n or_o rio_n de_fw-fr laplata_fw-la in_o brasil_n appear_v of_o a_o red_a and_o bloody_a colour_n but_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o bucket_n or_o the_o like_a when_o that_o they_o have_v more_o thorough_o view_v it_o they_o find_v that_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o worm_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n and_o be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o hand_n they_o leap_v like_a unto_o flea_n and_o these_o seaman_n call_v sea-flea_n and_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o come_v from_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o small_a crab_n which_o be_v find_v on_o the_o south_n continent_n fill_v the_o sea_n here_o be_v no_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o animal_n of_o which_o there_o be_v various_a kind_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xvii_o why_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n season_n seem_v to_o glitter_v especial_o if_o that_o the_o wave_n be_v raise_v the_o more_o vehement_o by_o the_o wind_n shine_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n seem_v to_o glitter_v or_o shine_v this_o question_n require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o difficulty_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n divers_a be_v the_o resolution_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v they_o but_o as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o propose_a phenomenon_n or_o question_n that_o opinion_n seem_v the_o most_o commodious_a which_o show_v how_o colour_n do_v exist_v or_o rather_o appear_v from_o a_o certain_a and_o various_a motion_n but_o we_o leave_v the_o accurate_a explication_n of_o the_o same_o to_o naturalist_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o ocean_n or_o rather_o all_o water_n cast_v out_o terrestrial_a body_n on_o the_o shore_n especial_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n shore_n terrestrial_a body_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o this_o property_n which_o experience_n sufficient_o testify_v for_o water_n be_v never_o without_o some_o motion_n which_o if_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o towards_o one_o quarter_n it_o carry_v terrestrial_a body_n with_o it_o until_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o shore_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cease_v vigour_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n those_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v lay_v down_o but_o in_o the_o ocean_n the_o wave_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o these_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n and_o because_o that_o all_o wave_n tend_v to_o some_o coast_n of_o land_n therefore_o all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o vain_a be_v their_o opinion_n who_o believe_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n and_o to_o have_v sense_n by_o which_o it_o purge_v itself_o from_o all_o dregs_o terrestrial_a body_n but_o here_o the_o cause_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n proposition_n i._o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o by_o which_o it_o move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n unto_o these_o that_o be_v more_o low_a but_o if_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n or_o body_n be_v equal_a or_o of_o a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o water_n natural_o rest_v that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o move_v except_o that_o it_o be_v compel_v by_o a_o violent_a cause_n one_o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o vulgar_a experience_n for_o if_o that_o a_o vessel_n contain_v water_n be_v move_v the_o water_n so_o long_o fluctuate_v in_o it_o until_o no_o part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o that_o be_v until_o they_o compose_v a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o superficies_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n for_o although_o this_o motion_n have_v a_o violent_a cause_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a question_n concern_v this_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v so_o manifest_a in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o from_o a_o external_a cause_n so_o for_o to_o distinguish_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o other_o motion_n we_o term_v it_o natural_a now_o this_o motion_n be_v unto_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o place_n more_o depress_v be_v situate_v proposition_n ii_o when_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v the_o whole_a ocean_n be_v move_v or_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o move_v but_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o that_o every_o one_o be_v near_a the_o part_n move_v for_o because_o that_o if_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v it_o do_v necessary_o change_v place_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n be_v more_o low_a than_o the_o place_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n this_o near_a water_n shall_v be_v move_v into_o this_o place_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n of_o that_o into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o and_o so_o forward_o in_o the_o other_o part_n but_o there_o be_v lesser_a motion_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n proposition_n iii_o to_o observe_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v tend_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v choose_v a_o time_n if_o you_o can_v when_o no_o violent_a wind_n blow_v and_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n a_o body_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o water_n let_v the_o place_n be_v observe_v where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o boat_n remain_v there_o immovable_a then_o when_o that_o this_o body_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o sea_n a_o moderate_a space_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o then_o let_v another_o boat_n be_v place_v of_o that_o and_o let_v the_o quarter_n be_v observe_v into_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o second_o boat_n verge_v from_o the_o former_a for_o this_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n be_v move_v proposition_n iu._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v either_o direct_a or_o a_o vortex_n or_o a_o concussion_n i_o call_v that_o direct_v which_o tend_v unto_o some_o quarter_n a_o vortex_n when_o the_o water_n move_v into_o a_o round_a and_o be_v in_o some_o part_n reject_v a_o concussion_n when_o it_o tremble_v but_o lay_v aside_o the_o two_o latter_a unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o direct_a motion_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v call_v this_o by_o a_o general_a term_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n v._o of_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o be_v general_a some_o proper_a and_o singular_a other_o some_o contingent_a sea_n general_n proper_a and_o singular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o call_v that_o general_n which_o be_v find_v almost_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n i_o call_v those_o proper_a and_o special_a motion_n by_o which_o only_a some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v and_o they_o be_v twofold_a perpetual_a and_o anniversary_n the_o former_a be_v those_o which_o persist_v without_o mutation_n or_o cessation_n the_o other_o which_o be_v find_v at_o certain_a month_n or_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o some_o certain_a sea_n i_o call_v those_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n contingent_a which_o without_o any_o certain_a order_n sometime_o do_v cease_v and_o other_o some_o begin_v such_o be_v infinite_a proposition_n vi_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o contingent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v the_o sea_n to_o a_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o the_o wind_n neither_o be_v the_o sea_n ever_o free_a from_o such_o motion_n sea_n wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v that_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o strong_a commotion_n of_o
fruitful_a by_o its_o fat_a water_n proposition_n xxi_o to_o explain_v how_o spring_n or_o fountain_n break_v forth_o fountain_n of_o the_o break_n forth_o of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o four_o proposition_n we_o have_v show_v whence_o the_o water_n arise_v that_o flow_v from_o fountain_n now_o here_o we_o demand_v by_o what_o force_n that_o water_n collect_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v thrust_v forth_o see_v that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v without_o a_o violent_a remove_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v various_a which_o make_v way_n for_o a_o spring_n in_o any_o place_n 1._o if_o that_o in_o any_o place_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a cavity_n the_o water_n distil_v into_o that_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o cause_n when_o that_o by_o creep_v it_o come_v into_o it_o and_o then_o in_o course_n of_o time_n make_v great_a passage_n for_o itself_o until_o that_o cavity_n be_v fill_v it_o flow_v out_o and_o make_v a_o river_n the_o same_o also_o happen_v without_o a_o cavity_n if_o that_o the_o spring_n be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n also_o for_o this_o reason_n frequent_a spring_n be_v find_v in_o wood_n and_o shady_a place_n for_o the_o rain-water_n moisten_v the_o earth_n and_o because_o it_o be_v not_o extract_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o open_a and_o free_a air_n by_o degree_n it_o allure_v to_o itself_o the_o hide_a water_n of_o a_o future_a fountain_n 2._o a_o way_n be_v prepare_v and_o the_o earth_n remove_v by_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o the_o earth_n also_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o it_o require_v the_o large_a place_n for_o the_o water_n whilst_o that_o yet_o they_o be_v hide_v within_o the_o earth_n carry_v many_o spirit_n also_o subterranean_a fire_n add_v not_o a_o little_a to_o this_o 3._o oftentimes_o fountain_n be_v bring_v to_o light_n by_o shower_n for_o shower_n do_v render_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o ample_a and_o large_a when_o that_o they_o conjoin_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o hide_a fountain_n and_o so_o this_o follow_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mutual_a conjunction_n and_o coherency_n 4._o sometime_o spring_n be_v open_v by_o a_o earthquake_n so_o a_o earthquake_n send_v forth_o the_o river_n ladon_n 5._o sometime_o they_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n by_o dig_v the_o earth_n 6._o many_o fountain_n have_v be_v discover_v by_o animal_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n with_o their_o snout_n so_o a_o hog_n first_o discover_v the_o first_o salt_n spring_n in_o lunenburgh_n for_o when_o he_o have_v root_v up_o the_o earth_n and_o make_v a_o gutter_n the_o water_n spout_v out_o which_o fill_v the_o gutter_n the_o hog_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n lay_v down_o in_o it_o then_o when_o he_o arise_v and_o that_o his_o back_n be_v dry_a some_o discover_v a_o very_a white_a colour_n on_o he_o which_o when_o they_o have_v more_o accurate_o contemplate_v they_o find_v it_o to_o be_v white_a salt_n then_o they_o go_v to_o the_o spring_n and_o from_o thence_o forward_o many_o more_o be_v seek_v and_o find_v out_o from_o which_o the_o city_n obtain_v almost_o â—ll_o its_o riches_n and_o splendour_n and_o in_o memorial_n thereof_o the_o hog_n be_v quarter_v and_o smoak-dried_n and_o be_v keep_v at_o this_o very_a day_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o lunenburgh_n to_o be_v see_v proposition_n xxii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o spring_n or_o well_o may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o see_v vitruvius_n in_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o his_o architecture_n 1._o see_v vitruvius_n lib._n 8._o cap._n 1._o chap._n 1._o at_o this_o day_n we_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n oftentimes_o to_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n vein_n or_o head_n of_o spring_n or_o well_n or_o the_o well_n and_o spring_n themselves_o be_v find_v proposition_n xxiii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v to_o make_v a_o spring_n or_o well_o in_o it_o if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v make_v we_o will_v allege_v the_o word_n of_o vitruvius_n as_o be_v a_o man_n excellent_o skill_v in_o these_o affair_n 7._o see_v vitruvius_n cap._n 7._o see_v that_o we_o never_o use_v ourselves_o to_o this_o kind_n of_o exercise_n in_o his_o seven_o chapter_n thus_o he_o speak_v reason_n must_v not_o be_v contemn_v in_o dig_v of_o well_n but_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o sharpness_n of_o wit_n and_o great_a prudence_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v many_o and_o various_a thing_n within_o it_o for_o it_o be_v compound_v as_o other_o thing_n of_o four_o principle_n and_o the_o first_o be_v terrene_a and_o have_v from_o the_o humidity_n of_o the_o water_n fountain_n also_o heat_n whence_o proceed_v sulphur_n alom_n bitumen_n and_o gross_a spirit_n of_o air_n which_o be_v thick_a when_o by_o the_o fistulous_a intervening_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o well_o be_v dug_n and_o find_v man_n dig_v by_o their_o natural_a vapour_n they_o stop_v up_o the_o animal_n spirit_n of_o those_o that_o work_n at_o their_o nostril_n so_o that_o those_o that_o fly_v not_o quick_o away_o be_v there_o choke_v now_o to_o avoid_v this_o we_o must_v thus_o act_v let_v a_o candle_n be_v light_v and_o let_v down_o and_o if_o that_o it_o continue_v burn_v you_o may_v descend_v without_o danger_n but_o if_o that_o the_o light_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o vapour_n then_o let_v aestuary_n be_v dug_n on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n near_o the_o wâ—ll_n so_o as_o by_o the_o nostril_n the_o spirit_n will_v be_v dissipate_v when_o those_o be_v so_o explicate_v and_o that_o you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o water_n let_v the_o structure_n be_v so_o sence_v that_o the_o vein_n be_v not_o stop_v but_o if_o that_o the_o place_n shall_v prove_v hard_a or_o that_o the_o vein_n shall_v not_o be_v altogether_o at_o the_o bottom_n than_o assistance_n must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cover_n of_o plaster-work_n now_o this_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o plaster-work_n that_o the_o rough_a and_o pure_a sand_n be_v get_v that_o the_o cement_n be_v break_v with_o a_o flint_n that_o the_o most_o vehement_a chalk_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o mortar_n so_o that_o five_o part_n of_o sand_n answer_v to_o two_o of_o chalk_n or_o lime_n let_v the_o cement_n be_v add_v to_o the_o mortar_n of_o it_o let_v the_o wall_n in_o the_o depress_a trench_n unto_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o future_a altitude_n be_v spage_v the_o bar_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n the_o wall_n be_v plaster_v let_v that_o which_o be_v earthy_a in_o the_o midst_n be_v evacuate_v to_o the_o low_a measure_n or_o libration_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o bottom_n be_v level_v let_v the_o pavement_n be_v plaster_v with_o the_o same_o mortar_n unto_o the_o thickness_n that_o be_v appoint_v now_o these_o place_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v double_a or_o treble_a that_o they_o may_v be_v transmutate_v by_o the_o percolation_n of_o the_o water_n will_v make_v the_o use_n of_o it_o far_o more_o wholesome_a for_o the_o mud_n when_o that_o it_o have_v find_v a_o place_n to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n become_v more_o clear_a and_o will_v keep_v its_o taste_n without_o any_o scent_n if_o not_o you_o must_v of_o necessity_n add_v salt_n and_o extenuate_v it_o proposition_n xxiv_o to_o prove_v whether_o the_o water_n of_o a_o spring_n be_v wholesome_a not_o of_o spring-water_n whether_o it_o be_v wholesome_a or_o not_o concern_v this_o vitruvius_n thus_o write_v their_o probation_n must_v be_v thus_o look_v after_o if_o that_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v open_a before_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v draw_v look_v on_o they_o and_o observe_v of_o what_o membrature_n they_o be_v what_o inhabitant_n dwell_v about_o those_o fountain_n whether_o they_o be_v of_o strong_a body_n of_o good_a colour_n not_o lame_a blear_a or_o sore-eyed_n if_o so_o the_o water_n be_v very_o excellent_a also_o if_o that_o a_o new_a spring_n be_v dug_n and_o the_o water_n be_v put_v into_o a_o corinthian_a vessel_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n make_v of_o brass_n and_o if_o it_o cause_v no_o stain_n it_o be_v then_o most_o excellent_a water_n also_o if_o that_o that_o water_n be_v heat_v and_o afterward_o settle_v and_o pour_v forth_o and_o that_o no_o sand_n or_o mud_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n that_o water_n be_v also_o very_o good_a also_o if_o that_o root_n put_v in_o that_o water_n be_v quick_o boil_v they_o show_v the_o water_n to_o be_v good_a and_o wholesome_a also_o that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o fountain_n be_v clear_a
horizon_n but_o oblique_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o general_a that_o the_o wind_n proceed_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a way_n to_o the_o horizon_n because_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o air_n transverse_a blast_n be_v find_v so_o we_o see_v that_o smoak_n come_v forth_o of_o a_o chimney_n be_v not_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n towards_o one_o quarter_n but_o part_n of_o it_o be_v carry_v unto_o other_o quarter_n proposition_n xii_o why_o the_o wind_n blow_v by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n so_o that_o sometime_o they_o cease_v and_o other_o some_o as_o it_o be_v with_o redouble_a strength_n they_o return_v with_o the_o great_a importunity_n and_o why_o that_o they_o seem_v more_o continual_o to_o blow_v on_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o calm_a force_n the_o wind_n 〈◊〉_d blow_n by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n that_o move_v or_o stir_v up_o the_o wind_n continue_v not_o always_o but_o that_o some_o space_n be_v require_v unto_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n which_o by_o such_o a_o vehemency_n may_v break_v through_o the_o air_n and_o therefore_o because_o that_o exhalation_n be_v more_o continual_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o motion_n be_v less_o impede_v there_o the_o calm_a in_o the_o ocean_n be_v less_o discover_v although_o that_o it_o be_v not_o whole_o remove_v proposition_n xiii_o why_o no_o wind_n blow_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o air_n unto_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v this_o question_n meteor_n see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n treat_v very_o absurd_o so_o that_o the_o peripatetic_n be_v not_o agree_v concern_v his_o opinion_n neither_o shall_v i_o in_o this_o place_n relate_v their_o sentiment_n the_o cause_n seem_v easy_o to_o be_v explain_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v break_v through_o this_o way_n by_o reason_n that_o other_o vapour_n be_v expel_v or_o bear_v upward_o and_o therefore_o the_o overmuch_a resistance_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v direct_o situate_v under_o the_o air_n move_v cause_v the_o protrusion_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o violence_n begin_v which_o be_v therefore_o the_o more_o probable_a see_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o light_a than_o that_o air_n and_o that_o be_v more_o rarify_v than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o near_o unto_o the_o earth_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o westerly-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a than_o easterly-wind_n 10._o see_v proposition_n 10._o the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ten_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v make_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o wind_n who_o so_o rarifi_v the_o air_n proceed_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o therefore_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thrust_v towards_o the_o west_n therefore_o that_o this_o general_a cause_n may_v be_v impede_v of_o necessity_n very_o many_o exhalation_n must_v consist_v in_o the_o western_a quarter_n which_o do_v happen_v less_o frequent_o proposition_n xv._o why_o the_o northern_a and_o eastern-wind_n be_v more_o impetuous_a and_o stormy_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o southern_a and_o western_a more_o relax_v and_o weak_a western_a the_o northern_a and_o eastern_a wind_n more_o stormy_a than_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o northern_a air_n be_v more_o thick_a by_o reason_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o southern_a in_o our_o zone_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a dissipation_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o heat_n be_v more_o rarify_v now_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o rarify_v by_o so_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v it_o carry_v with_o a_o impetuous_a force_n yet_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o south-wind_n be_v cold_a dry_a and_o violent_a in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n or_o the_o arctic_a zone_n oppose_v to_o we_o no_o less_o than_o the_o northern-wind_n be_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o eastern-wind_n be_v more_o rigid_a or_o more_o intense_a for_o another_o cause_n viz._n because_o that_o it_o arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n make_v by_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v continual_o carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o air_n also_o be_v thrust_v forward_o with_o the_o great_a violence_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o cause_n may_v accede_v that_o may_v either_o help_v or_o obstruct_v that_o violence_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o the_o southern_o and_o westernly-wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o northern_o which_o have_v a_o wonderful_a power_n of_o cause_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o they_o western_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o western_o so_o this_o question_n be_v wont_v vulgar_o to_o be_v propound_v yet_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o must_v not_o general_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o place_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n for_o in_o the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n situate_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o contrary_a hold_v true_a because_o that_o in_o these_o place_n the_o northern-wind_n be_v hot_a or_o warm_a and_o the_o southren_n be_v find_v more_o cold_a and_o so_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o cause_n require_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o southwind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a to_o we_o and_o the_o north_n more_o cold_a proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o south-wind_n come_v from_o a_o quarter_n and_o place_n more_o near_o unto_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o northern_a place_n more_o remote_a from_o that_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v from_o more_o cold_a place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o the_o northern-wind_n approach_v to_o they_o from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o southern_a from_o the_o place_n more_o near_o the_o pole_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o eastern_a and_o western-wind_n i_o must_v answer_v otherwise_o neither_o do_v that_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n and_o that_o of_o the_o opposite_a here_o take_v place_n therefore_o first_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o the_o western-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a in_o all_o place_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o occidental_a wind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a viz._n because_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o blow_v in_o the_o night_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n where_o the_o air_n that_o be_v thrust_v forward_o towards_o our_o place_n be_v more_o calid_a or_o less_o frigid_a than_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o west_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o our_o place_n there_o be_v also_o another_o cause_n which_o also_o be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o northern_a and_o southern-wind_n viz._n that_o the_o western-wind_n blow_v with_o less_o violence_n and_o not_o so_o intense_a but_o with_o some_o relaxation_n now_o it_o be_v know_v that_o any_o air_n or_o wind_n be_v discover_v so_o much_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o blow_v with_o the_o great_a or_o more_o intense_a force_n although_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v no_o hot_a or_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a by_o our_o expiration_n which_o we_o can_v exhale_v either_o cold_a or_o hot_a proposition_n xvii_o why_o mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n especial_o such_o a_o one_o that_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a or_o duskish_a colour_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n also_o to_o declare_v the_o other_o sign_n of_o future_a wind_n quarter_n mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n a_o twofold_a reason_n may_v be_v render_v for_o either_o cloud_n of_o that_o colour_n do_v show_v that_o by_o and_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v dissipate_v and_o dissolve_v into_o blast_n or_o else_o the_o cloud_n sink_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n and_o segregated_a from_o other_o cloud_n press_v down_o the_o air_n beneath_o they_o and_o so_o cause_v it_o to_o blow_v concern_v the_o peculiar_a cloud_n term_v by_o the_o dutch_a the_o bulls-eye_n see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 1._o the_o sun_n appear_v spot_v in_o his_o rise_n and_o lie_v obscure_v under_o a_o pale_a or_o black_a cloud_n foretell_v either_o shower_n or_o wind_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n at_o his_o rise_n appear_v concave_a so_o that_o it_o shine_v
all_o place_n almost_o in_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o 10_o deg_fw-la even_o unto_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la north._n after_o the_o same_o manner_n beyond_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n in_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a and_o brazile_n the_o southeast_n wind_n blow_v even_o unto_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n that_o be_v 7_o degree_n beyond_o the_o torrid_a zone_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o that_o through_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v that_o this_o general_a wind_n be_v not_o discover_v on_o all_o coast_n much_o less_o in_o mediterranean_a place_n yet_o in_o some_o it_o be_v sufficient_o observable_a so_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o brazile_n easterly_n unto_o the_o coast_n of_o loango_n the_o southeast_n be_v a_o quotidian_n wind_n although_o that_o other_o wind_n do_v admin_n themselves_o there_o be_v a_o threefold_a cause_n of_o this_o continual_a general_a wind_n allege_v by_o modern_a philosopher_n for_o both_o it_o and_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n who_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v it_o some_o determine_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o its_o great_a faculty_n it_o rarify_v the_o air_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o it_o thrust_v it_o forward_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n see_v that_o the_o sun_n itself_o go_v this_o way_n some_o and_o those_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o pythagoras_n that_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o some_o of_o they_o i_o say_v suppose_v this_o general_a wind_n to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o whilst_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o and_o the_o air_n with_o it_o this_o less_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v somewhat_o more_o slow_a to_o motion_n and_o therefore_o whilst_o that_o we_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o air_n move_v with_o less_o celerity_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n seem_v to_o meet_v we_o and_o to_o be_v move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n when_o that_o yet_o we_o do_v rather_o meet_v it_o principel_v see_v des_n cartes_n in_o his_o 222_o proposition_n of_o he_o principel_v des_fw-mi cartes_n allege_v the_o three_o cause_n and_o that_o altogether_o new_a in_o the_o 222_o proposition_n in_o his_o principle_n where_o he_o endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n cause_v this_o motion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o because_o that_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v understand_v except_o that_o all_o his_o philosophical_a hypothesis_n shall_v be_v explain_v therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v nothing_o concern_v it_o here_o especial_o see_v that_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o another_o place_n that_o that_o cause_n be_v not_o true_a i_o approve_v of_o the_o first_o cause_n the_o second_o seem_v therefore_o not_o to_o be_v receive_v because_o that_o many_o copernican_n approve_v not_o of_o it_o and_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o this_o wind_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o blow_v only_o between_o the_o tropic_n or_o to_o the_o 30_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a temperate_a zone_n proposition_n iii_o some_o wind_n be_v periodical_a and_o fix_v other_o wander_v and_o erratic_a wander_v some_o wind_n fix_v other_o wander_v those_o be_v term_v fix_v and_o periodical_a which_o blow_n on_o certain_a day_n and_o then_o cease_v for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n until_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v again_o some_o return_n in_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o year_n othersome_a be_v monthly_o which_o return_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o one_o or_o two_o month_n also_o the_o fix_a wind_n be_v otherwise_o subdivide_v viz._n some_o when_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v continue_v for_o some_o month_n other_o for_o half_a a_o year_n other_o for_o a_o month_n other_o for_o a_o few_o day_n among_o these_o those_o be_v chief_o observe_v by_o mariner_n which_o blow_n for_o some_o month_n in_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o call_v these_o wind_n as_o also_o the_o time_n wherein_o such_o wind_n blow_v motion_n or_o moussons_n and_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o especial_o notable_a in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n from_o africa_n to_o the_o philippine_n isle_n although_o that_o they_o be_v not_o want_v in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a moment_n to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o motion_n for_o seaman_n ought_v to_o choose_v the_o time_n of_o they_o for_o the_o voyage_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o that_o same_o quarter_n or_o that_o which_o be_v collateral_a unto_o which_o that_o wind_n blow_v neither_o to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o this_o motion_n but_o to_o expect_v the_o contrary_a motion_n for_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n where_o that_o one_o wind_n cease_v to_o blow_v for_o some_o month_n another_o succee_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a and_o continue_v with_o the_o same_o constancy_n until_o that_o it_o have_v complete_v its_o time_n and_o therefore_o they_o call_v these_o contrary_a motion_n they_o term_v those_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mutation_n of_o those_o motion_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o end_n of_o one_o mousson_n and_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o contrary_n for_o one_o motion_n cease_v another_o do_v not_o present_o begin_v to_o blow_v but_o some_o day_n fall_v between_o some_o time_n more_o sometime_o few_o also_o more_o in_o some_o place_n and_o few_o in_o other_o some_o and_o in_o these_o intermedial_a day_n in_o which_o no_o certain_a motion_n blow_v the_o wind_n be_v variable_a the_o calm_a dangerous_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o sea_n be_v toss_v with_o uncertain_a wave_n and_o sudden_a tempest_n arise_v some_o of_o these_o motion_n return_v twice_o in_o a_o year_n but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o vehemency_n whence_o mariner_n term_v the_o one_o the_o great_a motion_n the_o other_o the_o lesser_a 1._o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o also_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n the_o north_n wind_n perpetual_o blow_v in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n india_n month_n most_o fit_a to_o take_fw-mi a_o voyage_n from_o europe_n to_o india_n november_n and_o january_n and_o therefore_o these_o month_n be_v chief_o fit_a to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n in_o from_o europe_n to_o india_n that_o they_o may_v pass_v the_o aequator_fw-la by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o wind_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o some_o ship_n that_o have_v set_v sail_n from_o europe_n in_o march_n have_v arrive_v no_o soon_o at_o brazile_n than_o those_o that_o have_v set_v sail_n in_o october_n viz._n both_o of_o they_o have_v come_v thither_o in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n be_v help_v by_o the_o north_n wind_n yet_o because_o that_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o continual_a and_o certain_a therefore_o mariner_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o call_v it_o a_o motion_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o render_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n in_o these_o month_n unless_o you_o will_v refer_v it_o to_o copious_a thick_a vapour_n or_o to_o a_o continnual_a pressure_n make_v from_o thick_a cloud_n but_o those_o that_o have_v winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n testify_v that_o there_o be_v a_o most_o frequent_a north_n wind_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o winter_n where_o this_o effect_n can_v be_v ascribe_v unto_o the_o sun_n rarify_n the_o air_n see_v that_o he_o lie_v obscure_v under_o the_o horizon_n yet_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o general_a the_o cause_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n or_o gross_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n collect_v in_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n especial_o on_o the_o mountain_n which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v by_o this_o argument_n more_o especial_o because_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o north_n and_o south_n quarter_n or_o the_o collateral_a unto_o they_o therefore_o by_o reason_n that_o snow_n and_o thick_a cloud_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o in_o that_o half_a of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o he_o pass_v through_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a therefore_o those_o motion_n shall_v then_o be_v northern_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o southern_a or_o antarctic_a place_n for_o the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n dissolve_v the_o snow_n and_o the_o thick_a cloud_n therefore_o then_o the_o motion_n shall_v be_v discover_v southerly_a now_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v more_o from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n
great_a concernment_n yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o begin_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o all_o the_o place_n may_v lie_v in_o some_o climate_n proposition_n xv._o to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n 1._o the_o latitude_n of_o some_o place_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v give_v to_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n in_o that_o place_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o it_o lie_v let_v the_o give_v elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v seek_v in_o the_o table_n and_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o the_o parallel_n if_o that_o the_o give_v elevation_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n then_o take_v that_o elevation_n which_o be_v less_o near_o or_o the_o like_a which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o table_n climate_n from_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n to_o know_v the_o latude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o parallel_n and_o climate_n 2._o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n of_o any_o place_n be_v give_v which_o any_o person_n have_v observe_v or_o receive_v by_o relation_n to_o know_v from_o thence_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n the_o parallel_n and_o the_o climate_n in_o which_o that_o place_n lie_v enter_v the_o table_n with_o the_o latitude_n give_v and_o you_o shall_v see_v on_o the_o opposite_a region_n both_o the_o latitude_n and_o the_o place_n demand_v as_o also_o the_o climate_n and_o parallel_n 3._o a_o climate_n be_v give_v to_o determine_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o be_v facile_a from_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o the_o table_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o light_n heatt_z cold_a rains_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o zone_n and_o other_o property_n of_o the_o zone_n proposition_n i._o these_o cause_n be_v efficacious_a to_o generate_v and_o procure_v light_a heatt_z cold_a and_o rain_n with_o other_o meteor_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n heat_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n 1._o the_o more_o or_o less_o or_o no_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o or_o emit_v on_o any_o place_n for_o the_o ray_n fall_v perpendicular_a on_o any_o place_n cause_n great_a heat_n and_o the_o other_o ray_n slide_v oblique_o have_v for_o that_o very_a reason_n a_o less_o power_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o the_o obliquity_n of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o be_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a ray._n 2._o the_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o same_o heat_n make_v more_o hot_a and_o change_v the_o air_n in_o a_o long_a time_n than_o in_o a_o short_a 3._o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n be_v more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o night_n season_n for_o this_o difference_n of_o depression_n cause_v that_o either_o more_o or_o less_o light_a be_v perceive_v in_o the_o air_n also_o more_o or_o less_o heat_n rain_n thick_a cloud_n hitherto_o belong_v the_o twilight_n 4._o the_o more_o or_o less_o elevation_n of_o the_o moon_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o depression_n of_o the_o same_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n the_o more_o or_o less_o diurnal_a stay_n of_o the_o same_o above_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o with_o those_o allege_v in_o the_o three_o forego_v paragraph_n air._n the_o planet_n and_o fix_a star_n raise_v vapour_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o air._n 5._o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o fix_a star_n especial_o of_o those_o more_o note_a one_o and_o of_o the_o five_o other_o planet_n saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n venus_n and_o mercury_n for_o they_o generate_v some_o light_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v but_o little_a and_o change_v the_o air_n divers_a way_n and_o raise_v vapour_n if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v astronomer_n 6._o the_o propriety_n or_o species_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o every_o place_n for_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o stony_a and_o rocky_a there_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v more_o cold_a than_o where_o it_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o fat_a and_o here_o again_o it_o be_v more_o fertile_a where_o there_o be_v much_o sand_n and_o no_o river_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n lake_n fume_n and_o mist_n proceed_v from_o lake_n 7._o lake_n or_o the_o sea_n adjacent_a from_o thence_o also_o fume_n and_o mist_n be_v raise_v more_o moist_a and_o frequent_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o ray_n be_v less_o powerful_o reflect_v from_o the_o sea_n than_o from_o the_o earth_n 8._o the_o situation_n of_o place_n for_o the_o sun_n act_v otherwise_o on_o mountain_n and_o mountainous_a place_n than_o on_o valley_n and_o plain_n moreover_o mountain_n hinder_v the_o free_a access_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o subject_a place_n for_o to_o they_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o air_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n attract_v 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o whence_o the_o mountain_n change_v the_o season_n of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n as_o heatt_z rain_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o will_v be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o subject_a place_n if_o that_o the_o mountain_n be_v absent_a weather_n the_o wind_n cause_n difference_n in_o the_o weather_n 9_o the_o wind_n especial_o the_o general_a so_o the_o etesian_a wind_n temperate_a and_o allay_v the_o canicular_a heat_n a_o general_a wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o the_o subsolan_n wind_n in_o brasilia_n render_v the_o heat_n temperate_a when_o in_o africa_n which_o be_v occidental_a the_o heat_n be_v vehement_a because_o these_o place_n feel_v not_o so_o general_a a_o wind._n the_o northern_a wind_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a the_o southern_a warm_a and_o moist_a in_o our_o place_n 10._o cloud_n rain_n and_o fog_n take_v away_o and_o diminish_v light_a and_o heat_n i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o many_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n in_o light_n and_o heat_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v observe_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o yet_o in_o a_o different_a time_n or_o season_n proposition_n ii_o how_o be_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n to_o be_v define_v year_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n although_o in_o science_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o contend_v and_o dispute_v concern_v definition_n yet_o because_o certain_a homonyme_n or_o likeness_n do_v here_o occur_v without_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o there_o will_v arise_v much_o confusion_n in_o the_o follow_a doctrine_n therefore_o i_o will_v so_o propose_v this_o question_n that_o you_o may_v the_o more_o cautious_o avoid_v this_o homonyme_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v deceive_v and_o entangle_v by_o the_o same_o the_o question_n comprehend_v two_o difficulty_n first_o whether_o these_o season_n ought_v to_o be_v define_v from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o stay_n in_o certain_a sing_v of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o zodiac_n astrologer_n according_a to_o astronomer_n and_o astrologer_n for_o so_o astronomer_n and_o astrologer_n common_o do_v say_v that_o that_o be_v the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n that_o be_v summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n that_o be_v autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n and_o that_o be_v winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o these_o definition_n be_v not_o general_a and_o agreeable_a to_o all_o place_n because_o they_o be_v only_o of_o force_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n situate_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o not_o in_o the_o southern_a so_o that_o for_o these_o definition_n the_o same_o person_n bring_v definition_n contrary_a to_o the_o former_a say_v that_o in_o these_o place_n the_o spring_n begin_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n proceed_v unto_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o summer_n from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n the_o autumn_n from_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n and_o the_o winter_n from_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n but_o from_o thence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o those_o season_n can_v possible_o be_v define_v which_o be_v false_a and_o general_n ought_v to_o be_v define_v by_o general_n second_o definition_n so_o make_v can_v have_v place_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
place_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o a_o voyage_n p._n 361_o lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o a_o half_a english_a foot_n a_o half_a dutch_a and_o also_o a_o old_a roman_a half_a foot_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o paris_n in_o french_a and_o also_o a_o half_a greek_a foot_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o antwerp_n in_o handers_n a_o half_a egyptian_a foot_n from_o alexandria_n a_o half_a babylonian_a foot_n mention_v by_o historian_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o venice_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o vienna_n in_o austria_n the_o proportion_n of_o diverse_a mile_n according_a to_o their_o compaired_a length_n lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o a_o indian_a mile_n a_o russian_a mile_n a_o mile_n of_o cambaja_n a_o english_a mile_n a_o french_a mile_n and_o almost_o a_o old_a arabian_a league_n a_o holland_n mile_n a_o spanish_a league_n a_o german_a mile_n a_o swedish_n mile_n the_o absolute_a or_o complete_a part_n of_o general_n geography_n book_n i._o sect_n i._o chap._n i._o concern_v the_o precognita_n or_o thing_n know_v before_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o art_n itself_o as_o the_o definition_n division_n object_n property_n principle_n order_n method_n original_a excellency_n and_o other_o affection_n of_o geography_n to_o be_v speak_v of_o by_o way_n of_o preface_n necessary_a a_o preface_n to_o a_o art_n very_o necessary_a the_o custom_n or_o fashion_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n prevail_v that_o they_o who_o complete_o treat_v of_o and_o handle_v any_o art_n or_o science_n do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n declare_v some_o thing_n touch_v the_o condition_n method_n constitution_n and_o other_o property_n of_o their_o doctrine_n neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o they_o without_o reason_n so_o that_o it_o be_v perform_v without_o any_o sophistical_a encroachment_n see_v that_o by_o such_o like_a forehad_a instruction_n the_o reader_n understanding_n may_v beforehand_o conceive_v a_o certain_a idea_n or_o platform_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n or_o science_n to_o be_v afterward_o handle_v or_o at_o least_o may_v understand_v the_o argument_n or_o content_n thereof_o and_o withal_o may_v gather_v thereby_o how_o he_o ought_v to_o order_v himself_o in_o the_o study_v the_o same_o i_o therefore_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n deliver_v some_o few_o passage_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o definition_n of_o geography_n geography_n be_v call_v a_o mix_v mathematical_a science_n which_o teach_v the_o affection_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o part_n thereof_o depend_v of_o quantity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o figure_n place_n magnitude_n and_o other_o like_a property_n geography_n by_o some_o but_o too_o strict_o be_v take_v for_o the_o only_a description_n and_o place_v the_o country_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o other_o it_o be_v extend_v but_o too_o large_o to_o the_o political_a description_n of_o every_o country_n but_o these_o man_n be_v easy_o excuse_v see_v they_o do_v it_o to_o retain_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o reader_n affection_n who_o otherwise_o by_o a_o bare_a account_n and_o naked_a description_n of_o those_o country_n will_v be_v make_v drowsy_a and_o heedless_a the_o division_n of_o geography_n we_o will_v divide_v geography_n into_o general_n and_o special_a or_o universal_a and_o particular_a general_n or_o universal_a geography_n be_v that_o which_o do_v general_o consider_v the_o earth_n and_o declare_v its_o property_n without_o any_o respect_n of_o particular_a country_n special_a or_o particular_a geography_n be_v that_o which_o teach_v the_o constitution_n and_o place_n of_o all_o single_a country_n or_o every_o country_n by_o itself_o and_o this_o particular_a geography_n be_v twofold_a part_n particular_a geography_n twofold_a chorographical_a and_o topographical_n general_n geography_n and_o its_o part_n to_o wit_n chorography_n and_o topography_n chorography_n propose_v the_o description_n of_o any_o country_n have_v at_o least_o a_o mean_a magnitude_n topography_n describe_v any_o little_a tract_n of_o land_n or_o place_n in_o this_o book_n we_o will_v present_v you_o with_o a_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o have_v distribute_v into_o three_o part_n to_o wit_n the_o absolute_a part_n the_o respective_a part_n and_o the_o comparative_a part_n in_o the_o absolute_a part_n we_o will_v consider_v the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o its_o part_n and_o proper_a affection_n and_o quality_n as_o figure_n magnitude_n motion_n land_n sea_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o respective_a part_n we_o will_v contemplate_v those_o property_n and_o accident_n which_o from_o celestial_a cause_n happen_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o last_o the_o comparative_a part_n shall_v contain_v a_o explication_n of_o those_o property_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o compare_v of_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o object_n of_o geography_n the_o object_n of_o geography_n or_o subject_a about_o which_o it_o be_v employ_v be_v the_o earth_n but_o principal_o its_o superficies_n and_o part_n the_o property_n of_o geography_n those_o thing_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o every_o country_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o triple_a kind_n to_o wit_n celestial_a terrestrial_a and_o human_a and_o therefore_o may_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o particular_a geography_n for_o every_o country_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n and_o reader_n geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n of_o geography_n i_o call_v those_o celestial_a property_n which_o depend_v on_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o other_o planet_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v eight_o 1._o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o from_o the_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n or_o wriness_n of_o the_o daily_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a and_o short_a day_n 4._o the_o climate_n and_o zone_n 5._o heatt_z and_o cold_a and_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o rain_n snow_n wind_n and_o other_o meteor_n for_o although_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o terrestrial_a property_n yet_o because_o they_o have_v a_o great_a affinity_n with_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o we_o have_v marshal_v they_o in_o the_o order_n and_o rank_n of_o celestial_n 6._o the_o rise_n of_o the_o star_n their_o appearance_n and_o continuance_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o quantity_n or_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n wherewith_o according_a to_o copernicus_n his_o hypothesis_n each_o one_o be_v very_a hour_n wheel_v about_o according_a to_o astrologer_n a_o nine_o property_n may_v be_v add_v because_o they_o do_v appoint_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o peculiar_a planet_n of_o that_o sign_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v every_o country_n but_o this_o doctrine_n have_v ever_o seem_v to_o i_o frivolous_a neither_o can_v i_o perceive_v any_o ground_n for_o it_o nevertheless_o at_o the_o end_n of_o our_o special_a or_o particular_a geography_n we_o will_v reckon_v up_o this_o their_o distribution_n these_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o celestial_a affection_n or_o property_n i_o call_v those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o place_n of_o every_o country_n itself_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v note_v ten._n 1._o the_o bound_n and_o circumference_n of_o the_o country_n 2_o it_o be_v figure_n 3_o it_o be_v magnitude_n 4_o its_o mountain_n 5_o its_o water_n as_o river_n spring_n bay_n of_o the_o sea_n 6_o the_o wood_n and_o desert_n 7_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o barrenness_n as_o also_o the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n 8_o the_o mineral_n or_o thing_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n 9_o the_o live_a creature_n 10_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o first_o terrestrial_a property_n to_o wit_v the_o circumference_n geography_n the_o humane_a property_n of_o geography_n i_o make_v the_o three_o kind_n of_o property_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o every_o country_n to_o be_v humane_a which_o do_v depend_v of_o the_o man_n or_o native_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n of_o which_o humane_a property_n about_o ten_o also_o may_v be_v make_v 1._o the_o stature_n of_o the_o native_n as_o to_o their_o shape_n colour_n length_n of_o life_n original_a meat_n drink_v &_o c._n 2_o their_o traffic_v and_o art_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v employ_v 3_o their_o virtue_n vice_n learning_n wit_n &_o c._n 4_o their_o custom_n in_o marriage_n christen_n burial_n &_o c._n 5_o their_o speech_n and_o language_n 6_o their_o state-government_n 7_o their_o religion_n and_o church-government_n 8_o their_o city_n and_o most_o renown_a place_n 9_o their_o memorable_a history_n and10_n their_o famous_a man_n artifices_fw-la and_o invention_n of_o the_o native_n of_o all_o country_n
therefore_o a_o round_a spherical_a figure_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n because_o all_o the_o appearance_n as_o well_o celestial_a as_o the_o divers_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o that_o day_n in_o divers_a country_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o difference_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n towards_o the_o pole_n time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n as_o terrestrial_a as_o the_o direction_n of_o navigation_n the_o appear_v and_o hide_v of_o tower_n and_o mountain_n the_o distance_n of_o place_n the_o port_n coast_n wind_n etc._n etc._n be_v most_o commodious_o declare_v by_o that_o round_a or_o spherical_a form_n or_o figure_n neither_o can_v another_o figure_n be_v devise_v which_o can_v perform_v that_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o consideration_n of_o divers_a figure_n and_o form_n of_o body_n and_o our_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o just_o represent_v all_o these_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v real_o find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o form_n or_o figure_n than_o that_o of_o our_o artificial_a globe_n and_o what_o other_o form_n soever_o you_o shall_v choose_v there_o will_v follow_v innumerable_a absurdity_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o plain_a by_o the_o appearance_n hither_o allege_v and_o that_o it_o neither_o can_v be_v hollow_a be_v clear_a from_o this_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n ought_v first_o than_o to_o appear_v to_o the_o western_a people_n than_o to_o the_o eastern_a if_o it_o be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o we_o see_v the_o sun_n rise_v first_o to_o illuminate_v the_o valley_n before_o it_o can_v give_v light_n to_o the_o averse_a part_n of_o mountain_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n earth_n the_o opinion_n of_o divers_a writer_n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o dimension_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n comprehend_v three_o principal_a head_n first_o the_o longitude_n or_o length_n of_o the_o diameter_n or_o half_a diameter_n that_o be_v of_o a_o line_n from_o the_o superficies_n to_o the_o centre_n as_o also_o of_o a_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o circumference_n second_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o the_o solidness_n or_o corporeal_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v so_o contrive_v together_o that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v know_v the_o other_o two_o come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n by_o geometrical_a instrument_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o certain_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n this_o property_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o hard_a to_o know_v and_o have_v exercise_v the_o most_o excellent_a wit_n for_o many_o age_n insomuch_o that_o some_o man_n have_v write_v whole_a book_n concern_v this_o matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v that_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v ungrateful_a to_o the_o student_n of_o geometry_n if_o i_o shall_v full_o relate_v here_o the_o history_n of_o this_o dimension_n diogenes_n laertius_n praise_v anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n thales_n anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n that_o beside_o other_o astronomical_a invention_n he_o first_o of_o all_o other_o describe_v the_o circuit_n or_o perimeter_n of_o both_o land_n and_o sea_n but_o anaximander_n live_v about_o the_o year_n 550_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n the_o mathematician_n of_o succeed_a age_n seem_v to_o have_v follow_v his_o dimension_n even_o until_o eratosthenes_n aristotle_n aristotle_n because_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o none_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o judge_v that_o to_o be_v the_o magnitude_n assign_v by_o anaximander_n which_o aristotle_n have_v note_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la say_v the_o mathematician_n also_o which_o endeavour_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o world_n report_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v bound_v in_o and_o gird_v with_o four_o hundred_o stadiums_n by_o this_o perimeter_n it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o anaximander_n but_o because_o we_o can_v find_v nothing_o note_v concern_v anaximander_n invention_n beside_o that_o one_o place_n of_o diogenes_n laertius_n eratosthenes_n eratosthenes_n his_o and_o eratosthenes_n his_o diligence_n be_v obscure_v who_o next_o after_o anaximander_n undertake_v this_o business_n with_o great_a applause_n of_o all_o man_n he_o live_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n and_o as_o he_o be_v most_o conversant_a in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o dimension_n so_o he_o be_v esteem_v most_o accurate_o to_o have_v perfect_v gâ—eodaesia_n or_o survey_v and_o this_o glory_n be_v principal_o ascribe_v to_o he_o but_o he_o discover_v and_o deliver_v earth_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o perimeter_n or_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v two_o hundred_o fifty_o thousand_o stadiums_n or_o furlong_n but_o other_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o thousand_o which_o pliny_n report_v to_o make_v up_o three_o hundred_o fifteen_o thousand_o roman_a mile_n every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o thousand_o pace_n eratosthenes_n have_v write_v three_o book_n of_o geography_n eratosthenes_n eratosthenes_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n be_v now_o not_o to_o be_v find_v strabo_n strabo_n strabo_n the_o famous_a geographer_n relate_v the_o content_n and_o argument_n of_o each_o book_n cleomedes_n cleomedes_n and_o cleomedes_n have_v note_v up_o his_o manner_n which_o eratosthenes_n use_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o what_o can_v be_v want_v we_o will_v hereafter_o declare_v for_o indeed_o eratosthenes_n his_o measure_v forth_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o many_o mathematician_n especial_o hipparchus_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o eratosthenes_n judge_v to_o swerve_v from_o the_o truth_n although_o there_o be_v nothing_o write_v touch_v eratosthenes_n his_o dimension_n or_o measure_v forth_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o he_o add_v twenty_o five_o thousand_o stadium_n to_o the_o perimeter_n possidonius_fw-la possidonius_fw-la but_o posidonius_n be_v not_o only_o a_o most_o know_a astronomer_n and_o practioner_n but_o also_o in_o every_o part_n of_o philosophy_n most_o expert_a do_v next_o after_o eratosthenes_n enter_v upon_o this_o doctrine_n a_o little_a before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n and_o pompey_n this_o man_n by_o his_o dimension_n find_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v two_o hundred_o forty_o thousand_o stadium_n cleomedes_n cleomedes_n as_o cleomedes_n have_v note_v but_o 180000_o stadium_n strabo_n strabo_n as_o strabo_n have_v deliver_v whereby_o arise_v a_o great_a doubt_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n between_o cleomedes_n and_o strabo_n his_o allowance_n see_v this_o of_o strabo_n be_v the_o true_a although_o utter_v in_o a_o few_o word_n but_o cleomedes_n his_o assignation_n of_o the_o same_o be_v far_o from_o truth_n although_o he_o read_v and_o expound_v posidonius_n his_o geodesie_n to_o many_o concern_v his_o size_n or_o manner_n we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o dimension_n of_o eratosthenes_n be_v use_v as_o yet_o of_o many_o even_o to_o ptolomy_n time_n the_o year_n 144_o after_o christ_n who_o use_v a_o perimeter_n of_o 180000_o stadium_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n insomuch_o that_o this_o very_a invention_n be_v by_o theon_n ascribe_v to_o he_o theon_n theon_n it_o be_v gather_v that_o marinus_n a_o famous_a geographer_n marinus_n marinus_n and_o by_o who_o write_n ptolemy_n be_v much_o aid_v do_v attempt_v something_o in_o this_o business_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o geographical_a write_n of_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n after_o these_o time_n when_o as_o the_o study_n and_o prosecution_n of_o the_o science_n by_o little_a and_o little_o vanish_v away_o in_o greece_n nothing_o be_v do_v in_o this_o business_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_n undertake_v any_o thing_n herein_o but_o the_o arabian_n and_o sarazon_n have_v obtain_v the_o empire_n or_o glory_n of_o other_o art_n from_o the_o grecian_n to_o themselves_o so_o likewise_o they_o leave_v not_o this_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n untouched_a forasmuch_o as_o snellius_n relate_v out_o of_o abelfedea_n a_o arabian_a geographer_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1300_o and_o who_o write_n be_v print_v at_o rome_n about_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o the_o christian_a account_n flourish_v maimon_n ring_n of_o arabia_n studious_a in_o geography_n in_o who_o day_n it_o flourish_v maimon_n king_n of_o the_o arabian_n or_o the_o calife_n of_o babylon_n be_v studious_a in_o the_o mathematics_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o
p_o s_o 40000_o pace_n be_v to_o b_o p_o 480_o pace_n so_o the_o whole_a sine_fw-la 10000000_o be_v to_o 11904_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n b_o s_o p_o or_o s_o r_o p_o or_o of_o the_o arch_n s_o p_o to_o wit_n 41_o minute_n therefore_o as_o 41_o minute_n be_v to_o 60_o minute_n so_o 40000_o pace_n be_v to_o 59000_o pace_n that_o be_v about_o 15_o mile_n for_o 1_o degree_n or_o the_o diameter_n p_o r_o may_v be_v find_v without_o the_o table_n of_o sines_n or_o without_o the_o find_v the_o perimeter_n for_o as_o b_o p_o be_v to_o p_o s_o so_o p_o s_n be_v to_o p_o r_o as_o 480_o be_v to_o 40000_o so_o 40000_o be_v to_o 3333333_o pace_n for_o the_o half_a diameter_n r_o p._n the_o six_o manner_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n be_v the_o second_o terrestrial_a without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n earth_n the_o second_o terrestrial_a way_n for_o the_o measure_v the_o earth_n but_o true_o the_o same_o half_a diameter_n r_o p_o shall_v also_o be_v conclude_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v b_o p_o be_v the_o high_a tower_n to_o wit_n the_o plummet_n be_v let_v down_o from_o the_o hole_n the_o height_n thereof_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 100_o pace_n or_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n p_o b_o be_v know_v by_o another_o geodesie_n or_o survey_v 4000_o pace_n afterward_o the_o instrument_n be_v apply_v in_o the_o top_n of_o b_o let_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o last_o sight_n be_v find_v p_o b_o s_o 88_o degree_n 37_o minute_n therefore_o b_o r_o s_o shall_v be_v one_o degree_n 23_o minute_n out_o of_o the_o canon_n of_o sines_n let_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o 88_o degree_n 37_o minute_n be_v take_v and_o let_v this_o be_v subtract_v from_o the_o whole_a sine_fw-la 10000000._o and_o let_v it_o be_v dispatch_v thus_o as_o the_o remainder_n be_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o 88_o degree_n 37_o minute_n so_o b_o p_o of_o 1000_o pace_n be_v to_o the_o half_a diameter_n s_o r_n in_o pace_n the_o seven_o manner_n be_v the_o three_o terrestrial_a earth_n the_o three_o terrestrial_a way_n for_o the_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o way_n or_o manner_n shall_v seem_v more_o accurate_a than_o the_o former_a way_n and_o shall_v appear_v more_o applicable_a to_o the_o practice_n take_v two_o mountain_n or_o height_n of_o who_o not_o the_o height_n but_o the_o distance_n may_v be_v know_v which_o may_v be_v find_v geodetical_o or_o by_o the_o art_n of_o survey_v let_v b_o p_o be_v one_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n tower_n etc._n etc._n s_o t_o the_o other_o height_n let_v t_n p_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o five_o german_a mile_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v the_o angle_n b_o t_o r_o 89_o degree_n 55_o minute_n be_v find_v by_o the_o instrument_n and_o in_o the_o other_o mountain_n t_o b_o r_o 89_o degree_n 55_o minute_n the_o angle_n p_o r_o s_o shall_v be_v 920_o minute_n because_o the_o three_o angle_n t_o b_o r_o be_v equate_v to_o two_o strait_a angle_n 180_o degree_n wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o golden_a rule_n work_v as_o 20_o degree_n be_v to_o 60_o degree_n so_o 5_o mile_n to_o 15_o mile_n for_o 1_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a manner_n and_o way_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n for_o by_o the_o find_v out_o measure_n of_o 1_o degree_n the_o whole_a perimeter_n diameter_n superficies_n and_o solidity_n be_v find_v out_o because_o according_a to_o snellius_n the_o perimeter_n be_v 8640_o holland_n mile_n or_o 10260000_o rhindlandish_a perch_n or_o 123120000_o foot_n therefore_o by_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 1088_o ¼_n mile_n or_o 1633190_o perch_n or_o 19598300_o foot_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 18811353_o â…—_n square_a holland_n mile_n and_o the_o whole_a solidity_n be_v 409568â—1512_n cubick_a mile_n usual_a the_o calculation_n of_o german_a mile_n usual_a but_o because_o the_o calculation_n by_o german_a mile_n be_v more_o usual_a 15_o of_o which_o make_v 1_o degree_n therefore_o these_o may_v be_v use_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o such_o mile_n may_v be_v understand_v of_o which_o 15_o may_v make_v 19_o holland_n mile_n or_o that_o 1_o mile_n may_v contain_v 1900_o rhindlandish_a perch_n therefore_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v 5400_o such_o mile_n the_o half_a diameter_n 860_o the_o superficies_n 9278181_o square_a mile_n the_o solidity_n shall_v be_v 265693384_o cubick_a mile_n commodious_a the_o italian_a mile_n most_o commodious_a yet_o the_o italian_a mile_n be_v the_o most_o commodious_a 60_o of_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o 1_o degree_n for_o so_o 1_o mile_n fitting_o answer_v one_o minute_n of_o a_o degree_n but_o such_o a_o italian_a mile_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v which_o may_v contain_v 475_o rhindlandish_a perch_n so_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v 21600_o such_o mile_n the_o half_a diameter_n 3440_o mile_n mathematician_n reason_n show_v error_n in_o the_o differ_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o arabian_n and_o other_o mathematician_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o expound_v we_o must_v allege_v and_o bring_v hither_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o fore-rehearsed_n dimension_n or_o measuring_n of_o author_n may_v so_o differ_v and_o what_o be_v want_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o dimension_n these_o thing_n occur_v first_o that_o a_o error_n may_v be_v commit_v in_o take_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n second_o that_o a_o doubt_n may_v be_v make_v concern_v place_n under_o the_o same_o meridian_n three_o that_o the_o distance_n may_v not_o be_v declare_v distinct_o and_o because_o the_o arabian_n use_v this_o manner_n therefore_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v desire_v in_o their_o dimension_n be_v these_o first_o the_o exact_a quantity_n or_o greatness_n of_o their_o mile_n which_o according_a to_o alfraganus_n be_v 4000_o cubit_n as_o unknown_a to_o we_o second_o the_o arabian_n have_v not_o show_v to_o we_o the_o place_n who_o elevation_n they_o take_v and_o therefore_o we_o can_v make_v further_a search_n concern_v their_o diligence_n three_o neither_o do_v they_o demonstrate_v their_o manner_n by_o which_o they_o measure_v in_o eratosthenes_n dimension_n these_o thing_n deserve_v correction_n first_o that_o to_o the_o arch_n find_v b_o z_o of_o 7_o degree_n 12_o minute_n he_o do_v not_o add_v 15_o minute_n for_o the_o arch_n intercept_v between_o the_o radius_fw-la solis_fw-la x_o z_o which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v second_o that_o he_o do_v not_o prove_v syene_n and_o alexandria_n to_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n three_o that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o shadow_n can_v be_v exact_o note_v and_o beside_o that_o the_o place_n about_o syene_n even_o to_o 150_o stadiums_n have_v this_o property_n that_o the_o style_n be_v without_o a_o shadow_n fourâ—â—ly_o that_o he_o take_v the_o distance_n between_o syene_n and_o alexandria_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n which_o neglect_v and_o have_v no_o care_n of_o exactness_n neither_o can_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o stadium_n be_v certain_o manifest_a unto_o we_o in_o posidonius_n his_o manner_n these_o blemish_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v first_o that_o he_o think_v canobus_n be_v not_o lift_v up_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o rhodes_n whenas_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v elevate_v 2_o degree_n above_o it_o sure_o he_o can_v not_o know_v that_o it_o exact_o touch_v it_o second_o that_o he_o determine_v the_o distance_n between_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n by_o conjecture_n and_o common_a journey_n three_o that_o his_o stadiasm_n or_o measure_n of_o a_o stadium_n be_v not_o sufficient_o determinate_a four_o because_o it_o may_v be_v doubtful_a whether_o alexandria_n and_o rhodes_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o terrestrial_a â—_z of_o measure_v the_o earth_n there_o be_v this_o defect_n first_o that_o in_o the_o exact_a measure_n of_o hill_n a_o fault_n may_v easy_o be_v commit_v second_o the_o furthermost_a point_n of_o the_o sight_n can_v be_v know_v accurate_o both_o because_o of_o the_o refraction_n as_o also_o for_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o eye_n it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o great_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o half_a diameter_n superficies_n and_o solidity_n we_o may_v if_o it_o be_v a_o similar_v body_n by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n judge_v of_o its_o weight_n but_o because_o part_n of_o a_o different_a weight_n who_o proportion_n be_v hide_v from_o we_o be_v in_o it_o therefore_o its_o weight_n can_v but_o by_o a_o conceive_a supposition_n be_v determine_v earth_n the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o celestial_a dimension_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o
moon_n from_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o celestial_a dimension_n as_o well_o in_o assign_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o themselves_o as_o in_o number_v and_o compute_v their_o magnitude_n so_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n ubout_fw-fr 1200_o half_a diameter_n the_o moon_n 40_o etc._n etc._n but_o see_v in_o geography_n we_o do_v not_o only_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o equator_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o also_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la therefore_o we_o must_v likewise_o determine_v how_o many_o mile_n or_o perch_n answer_v one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n we_o have_v take_v the_o account_v of_o the_o perch_v out_o of_o snellius_n but_o i_o myself_o have_v reckon_v up_o the_o mile_n to_o wit_n 1900_o perch_n for_o a_o german_a mile_n 1500_o for_o a_o belgic_a or_o holland_n mile_n 475_o for_o a_o italian_a mile_n a_o table_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n the_o degree_n in_o which_o the_o parallel_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o parallel_n equator_fw-la of_o the_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr 28500_o 19_o 0_o 15._o 0_o 60._o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 28496_o 18._o 1496_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 56_o 46_o 19798_o 13._o 298_o 10._o 25_o 41._o 40_o 2_o 28483_o 18._o 1483_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 55_o 47_o 19437_o 13._o 0_o â—0_n 14_o 41._o 0_o 3_o â—8461_n 18._o 1461_o 14._o 58_o 59_o 52_o 48_o 19070_o 12._o 1070_o 10._o 2_o 40._o 8_o 4_o 28431_o 18._o 1431_o 14._o 57_o 59_o 50_o 49_o 18698_o 12._o 698_o 9_o 50_o 39_o 20_o 5_o 28392_o 18._o 1392_o 14._o 56_o 59_o 46_o 50_o 18319_o 12._o 319_o 9_o 38_o 38._o 32_o 6_o 28344_o 18._o 1344_o 14._o 55_o 59_o 40_o 51_o 17936_o 11._o 1436_o 9_o 26_o 37._o 44_o 7_o 28288_o 18._o 1288_o 14._o 53_o 59_o 37_o 52_o 17546_o 11._o 1046_o 9_o 14_o 37._o 0_o 8_o 28223_o 18._o 1223_o 14._o 51_o 59_o 24_o 53_o 17152_o 11._o 652_o 9_o 2_o 36._o 8_o 9_o 28149_o 18._o 1149_o 14._o 48_o 59_o 12_o 54_o 16752_o 11._o 252_o 8._o 49_o 35._o 26_o 10_o 28067_o 18._o 1067_o 14._o 46_o 59_o 4_o 55_o 16347_o 10._o 1347_o 8._o 36_o 34._o 24_o 11_o 27976_o 18._o 976_o 14._o 43_o 58._o 52_o 56_o 15932_o 10._o 937_o 8._o 23_o 33._o 32_o 12_o 27877_o 18._o 877_o 14._o 40_o 58._o 40_o 57_o 15522_o 10._o 522_o 8._o 10_o 32._o 40_o 13_o 27769_o 18._o 769_o 14._o 37_o 58._o 28_o 58_o 15103_o 10._o 103_o 7._o 57_o 31._o 40_o 14_o 27653_o 18._o 653_o 14._o 33_o 58._o 12_o 59_o 14671_o 9_o 1179_o 7._o 44_o 31._o 0_o 15_o 27529_o 18._o 529_o 14._o 29_o 50._o  _fw-fr 60_o 14250_o 9_o 750_o 7._o 30_o 30._o 0_o 16_o 27653_o 18._o 453_o 14._o 25_o 57_o 40_o 61_o 13817_o 9_o 317_o 7._o 16_o 29._o 4_o 17_o 27255_o 18._o 255_o 14._o 21_o 57_o 20_o 62_o 13380_o 8._o 1380_o 7._o 2_o 28._o 8_o 18_o 27105_o 18._o 105_o 14._o 16_o 57_o 4_o 63_o 12939_o 8._o 939_o 6._o 48_o 27._o 12_o 19_o 26947_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 11_o 56._o 44_o 64_o 12494_o 8._o 994_o 6._o 34_o 26._o 16_o 20_o 26781_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 6_o 56._o 24_o 65_o 12045_o 8._o 45_o 6._o 20_o 25._o 20_o 21_o 26607_o 17._o 1107_o 14._o 0_o 56._o 0_o 66_o 11592_o 7._o 1092_o 6._o 6_o 24._o 24._o 22_o 26423_o 17._o 925_o 13._o 54_o 55._o 36_o 67_o 11136_o 7._o 636_o 5._o 52_o 23._o 28_o 23_o 26234_o 17._o 734_o â—3_n 48_o 55._o 12_o 68_o 10676_o 7._o 176_o 5._o 38_o 22._o 32_o 24_o 26036_o 17._o 536_o â—3_n 42_o 54._o 48_o 69_o 10213_o 6._o 1213_o 5._o 23_o 21._o 32_o 25_o 25830_o 17._o 330_o â—3_n 36_o 54._o 24_o 70_o 9748_o 6._o 748_o 5._o 8_o 20_o 32_o 26_o 25616_o 17._o 116_o 13._o 29_o 54._o 0_o 71_o 9279_o 6._o 279_o 4._o 53_o 19_o 32_o 27_o 25394_o 16._o 1394_o 13._o 22_o 53._o 28_o 72_o 8807_o 5._o 1307_o 4._o 38_o 18._o 32_o 28_o 25164_o 16._o 1164_o 13._o 15_o 53._o 0_o 73_o 8333_o 5._o 933_o 4._o 23_o 17._o 32_o 29_o 24927_o 16._o 927_o 13._o 7_o 52._o 28_o 74_o 7846_o 5._o 346_o 4._o 8_o 16._o 32_o 30_o â—4681_n 16._o 681_o 13._o 59_o 51._o 56_o 75_o 7376_o 4._o 1376_o 3._o 53_o 15._o 32_o 31_o 24429_o 10._o 429_o 12._o 51_o 51._o 24_o 76_o 6895_o 4._o 895_o 3._o 38_o 14_o 32_o 32_o 24169_o 16._o 169_o 12._o 43_o 50._o 52_o 77_o 6411_o 4._o 411_o 3._o 23_o 13._o 32_o 33_o 23902_o 15._o 1402_o 12._o 35_o 50._o 20_o 78_o 5925_o 3._o 1425_o 3._o 8_o 12._o 32_o 34_o 23628_o 15._o 1128_o 12._o 26_o 49._o 44_o 79_o 5438_o 3._o 938_o 2._o 52_o 11._o 28_o 35_o 23346_o 15._o 846_o 12._o 17_o 49._o 8_o 80_o 4949_o 3._o 449_o 2._o 36_o 10._o 24_o 36_o 23057_o 15._o 557_o 12._o 8_o 48._o 32_o 81_o 4458_o 2._o 1458_o 2._o 20_o 9_o 20_o 37_o 22761_o 15._o 261_o 11._o 59_o 47._o 56_o 82_o 3966_o 2._o 966_o 2._o 5_o 8._o 20_o 38_o 22458_o 15._o 0_o 11._o 49_o 47._o 16_o 83_o 3473_o 2._o 473_o 1._o 50_o 7._o 20_o 39_o 22149_o 14._o 1149_o 11._o 39_o 46._o 36_o 84_o 2979_o 1._o 1479_o 1._o 34_o 6._o 12_o 40_o 21832_o 14._o 832_o 11._o 29_o 46._o 0_o 85_o 2484_o 1._o 984_o 1._o 18_o 5._o 12_o 41_o 21509_o 14._o 509_o 11._o 19_o 45._o 16_o 86_o 1988_o 1._o 488_o 1._o 3_o 4._o 12_o 42_o 21180_o 14._o 180_o 11._o 9_o 44._o 36_o 82_o 1492_o 0._o 1492_o 0._o 47_o 3._o 12_o 43_o 20843_o 13._o 1343_o 10._o 58_o 43._o 52_o 88_o 995_o 0._o 995_o 0._o 31_o 2._o 4_o 44_o 20501_o 13._o 1001_o 10._o 47_o 43._o 8_o 89_o 497_o 0._o 497_o 0._o 16_o 1._o 4_o 45_o 20152_o 13._o 652_o 10._o 36_o 42._o 24_o 90_o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o chap._n v._o appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o celestial_a appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n or_o turn_v the_o earth_n about_o as_o with_o a_o wheel_n not_o that_o quake_a and_o shake_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o very_a many_o celestial_a appearance_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n see_v that_o without_o it_o every_o place_n will_v have_v a_o perpetual_a constancy_n of_o these_o but_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o property_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v which_o there_o can_v be_v great_a disputation_n fith_o that_o not_o very_o long_o ago_o it_o have_v suffer_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n yet_o because_o to_o many_o man_n it_o seem_v likely_a to_o be_v true_a that_o such_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v give_v therefore_o i_o will_v endeavour_v brief_o to_o unfold_v the_o same_o appearance_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n and_o their_o appearance_n it_o be_v not_o unknown_a to_o any_o of_o the_o very_a vulgar_a sort_n that_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n of_o heaven_n appear_v every_o day_n that_o be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n to_o be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o common_o to_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n of_o heaven_n it_o must_v therefore_o needs_o be_v that_o either_o they_o be_v real_o move_v or_o that_o we_o be_v move_v and_o that_o our_o motion_n or_o move_a be_v impute_v to_o the_o star_n for_o if_o two_o thing_n change_v their_o dâ—stance_n one_o of_o they_o at_o least_o be_v move_v which_o principle_n be_v most_o manifest_a etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n and_o pythagorean_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o and_o that_o the_o star_n with_o the_o heaven_n be_v move_v be_v and_o be_v yet_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o astronomer_n which_o be_v call_v ptolomaians_n or_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v the_o doctrine_n of_o ptolemy_n yet_o the_o pythagorean_n long_v ago_o maintain_v that_o the_o star_n hold_v their_o place_n constant_o without_o budge_v from_o thence_o and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v roll_v and_o wheel_v about_o its_o centre_n one_o of_o who_o be_v the_o famous_a aristarchus_n of_o samos_n who_o for_o his_o defend_v this_o opinion_n be_v by_o his_o adversary_n accuse_v of_o profane_v and_o violate_v religion_n before_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o severe_a bench_n of_o the_o areopagite_n but_o he_o be_v nevertheless_o quit_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o those_o
most_o sincere_a judge_n yet_o this_o opinion_n find_v but_o few_o abettor_n insomuch_o that_o many_o age_n it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n in_o school_n make_v thereof_o until_o such_o time_n that_o eminent_a astronomer_n copernicus_n some_o two_o or_o three_o age_n pass_v make_v it_o famous_a and_o so_o prevail_v therein_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n therein_o that_o very_o many_o excellent_a astronomer_n embrace_v this_o opinion_n and_o confirm_v it_o with_o sundry_a argument_n and_o reason_n among_o who_o not_o long_o since_o flourish_v kepler_n the_o emperor_n profess_a mathematician_n and_o galilaeus_fw-la of_o galilee_n the_o italian_a mathematician_n to_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n or_o florence_n and_o lanthergius_n belga_n and_o because_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a motion_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n perceive_v by_o we_o the_o first_o whereof_o be_v whereby_o all_o the_o star_n as_o well_o fix_v â—s_a planet_n seem_v with_o equal_a time_n to_o wit_n in_o 24_o hour_n to_o be_v carry_v round_o aboâ—t_v the_o earth_n and_o to_o rise_v and_o keep_v their_o sothe_v and_o set_v the_o second_o motion_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v proper_a whereby_o the_o planet_n be_v observe_v with_o a_o different_a or_o diverse_a motion_n as_o also_o be_v the_o fix_a star_n to_o be_v carry_v from_o west_n to_o east_n the_o ptolomaians_n affirm_v that_o both_o these_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o star_n themselves_o or_o their_o orb_n but_o the_o copernican_n ascribe_v that_o first_o motion_n not_o to_o the_o carry_v about_o of_o the_o earth_n only_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o but_o to_o the_o wheel_a and_o turn_v about_o of_o it_o remain_v in_o her_o own_o place_n about_o her_o own_o axil_n from_o west_n to_o east_n such_o as_o be_v see_v to_o be_v implant_v in_o all_o the_o star_n yet_o they_o acquit_v the_o fix_a star_n as_o also_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o aforesaid_a second_o motion_n and_o attribute_v the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o these_o to_o the_o carry_v of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o axil_n notwithstanding_o they_o leave_v the_o say_v second_o motion_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n forsooth_o they_o deny_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v a_o planet_n but_o place_n the_o earth_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o they_o prefer_v the_o sun_n into_o the_o ptolomaian_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n forasmuch_o as_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o make_v the_o earth_n saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n venus_n and_o mercury_n to_o turn_v round_o about_o these_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o opinion_n hour_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o star_n which_o seem_v to_o perform_v their_o circuit_n in_o 24_o hour_n 1._o because_o so_o great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o star_n which_o seem_v to_o perform_v their_o circuit_n in_o 24_o hour_n about_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o appearance_n may_v be_v declare_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n only_o remain_v in_o her_o place_n therefore_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n to_o determine_v this_o motion_n rather_o than_o that_o insomuch_o as_o when_o we_o sit_v in_o a_o ship_n and_o sail_v near_o to_o a_o station_n or_o harbour_n of_o many_o ship_n which_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n seem_v as_o it_o be_v to_o approach_v or_o sail_v to_o we_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o ascribe_v a_o motion_n or_o sail_v to_o they_o and_o see_v nature_n do_v in_o no_o case_n work_v by_o many_o thing_n that_o which_o she_o can_v perform_v with_o a_o few_o it_o be_v likely_a in_o this_o business_n also_o that_o that_o be_v so_o observe_v and_o keep_v by_o she_o etc._n of_o the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n 2._o because_o the_o swiftness_n of_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n will_v be_v incredible_a and_o such_o as_o will_v surpass_v all_o our_o imagination_n for_o see_v that_o they_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n almost_o a_o infinite_a space_n and_o that_o most_o vast_a circuit_n ought_v to_o be_v run_v in_o one_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n at_o least_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v through_o 100000_o mile_n contrariwise_o if_o this_o motion_n shall_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n she_o remain_v still_o in_o her_o place_n neither_o need_v we_o to_o fear_v the_o least_o swiftness_n because_o she_o be_v turn_v about_o she_o own_o axil_n as_o a_o wheel_n earth_n the_o vastness_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n compare_v with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o there_o accrue_v a_o great_a force_n to_o this_o argument_n if_o we_o compare_v the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n with_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n at_o least_o be_v 200_o time_n big_a than_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n 1000_o time_n big_a to_o what_o man_n can_v it_o not_o be_v make_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v about_o its_o own_o axil_n by_o a_o natural_a motion_n than_o that_o so_o huge_a celestial_a body_n shall_v be_v move_v from_o place_n to_o place_n brahe_n of_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n according_a to_o tycho_n brahe_n 4._o because_o all_o the_o most_o famous_a astronomer_n be_v compel_v with_o tycho_n brahe_n by_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n do_v now_o deny_v that_o the_o celestial_a orb_n be_v solid_a and_o hard_a which_o appearance_n the_o ancient_n use_v for_o prove_v the_o more_o easy_a supposition_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n therefore_o the_o carry_v or_o wheel_v of_o they_o about_o the_o earth_n seem_v more_o incredible_a yea_o they_o deny_v the_o orb_n to_o be_v solid_a because_o if_o these_o be_v so_o a_o mutual_a penetration_n of_o the_o orb_n must_v needs_o be_v grant_v see_v that_o some_o planet_n be_v find_v frequent_o in_o the_o sphere_n of_o some_o other_o earth_n no_o reason_n for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n about_o the_o earth_n 5._o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o the_o star_n can_v be_v move_v about_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o contrariwise_o there_o may_v some_o reason_n be_v give_v why_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n may_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n axil_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o axil_n 6._o neither_o be_v the_o pole_n nor_o axil_n real_a about_o which_o the_o star_n be_v determine_v to_o be_v move_v contrariwise_o in_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v both_o pole_n and_o axil_n west_n the_o sail_v of_o ship_n from_o west_n to_o east_n more_o easy_a than_o from_o east_n to_o west_n 7._o because_o the_o sail_v of_o ship_n from_o west_n to_o east_n be_v more_o easy_a than_o from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o out_o of_o europe_n into_o the_o indies_n they_o sail_v in_o about_o four_o month_n when_o as_o in_o their_o return_n home_o it_o be_v about_o six_o month_n and_o this_o be_v because_o in_o their_o voyage_n thither_o they_o be_v carry_v or_o move_v into_o the_o same_o point_n with_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o their_o return_n they_o be_v move_v or_o carry_v into_o the_o contrary_n declare_v from_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o celestial_a appearance_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v declare_v 8._o because_o all_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n the_o increase_n or_o lengthen_v of_o the_o day_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v evident_o declare_v if_o we_o maintain_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v but_o most_o especial_o the_o commodiousness_n and_o necessity_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v see_v in_o those_o admirable_a property_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o explicate_v which_o the_o ptolomaick_n be_v compel_v to_o invent_v many_o circle_n epicycle_n and_o eccentrick_n without_o any_o reason_n but_o the_o copernican_n do_v so_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o sun_n with_o easy_a labour_n insomuch_o that_o thereby_o they_o can_v make_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o manifest_a and_o so_o easy_a that_o the_o very_a unlearned_a may_v understand_v they_o to_o wit_n first_o why_o the_o planet_n may_v seem_v sometime_o to_o be_v retrograde_a or_o go_v backward_o and_o indeed_o saturn_n often_o and_o long_o than_o jupiter_n jupiter_n than_o mars_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o to_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o swift_a motion_n and_o sometime_o to_o be_v stationary_a 2_o why_o venus_n and_o mercury_n can_v never_o the_o whole_a night_n long_o be_v see_v 3_o why_o venus_n can_v never_o depart_v any_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o sun_n than_o â—0_n degree_n but_o mercury_n no_o great_a than_o thirty_o degree_n and_o therefore_o those_o two_o planet_n can_v never_o be_v see_v to_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n four_o why_o venus_n in_o the_o evening_n
of_o mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o parallaxy_n or_o mutual_a change_n in_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n the_o distance_n be_v vary_v not_o only_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o also_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o the_o reason_n of_o either_o opinion_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o ptolomean_a and_o copernican_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o they_o which_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v for_o this_o disputation_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o same_o for_o if_o you_o ascribe_v and_o allow_v the_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v call_v the_o proper_a motion_n not_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o if_o you_o allow_v that_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n these_o argument_n follow_v may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n universe_n the_o sun_n not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n but_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n 1._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n which_o as_o a_o most_o clear_a shine_a torch_n illuminate_v the_o earth_n moon_n venus_n and_o without_o doubt_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o he_o be_v the_o firehearth_n of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n by_o which_o this_o whole_a universe_n seem_v to_o be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o hold_v the_o middle_a place_n and_o that_o these_o be_v move_v round_o about_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n she_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o heat_n from_o he_o etc._n the_o sun_n a_o vast_a body_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n some_o cause_n be_v render_v why_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v carry_v round_o about_o he_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o most_o vast_a body_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a virtue_n and_o force_n therefore_o he_o roll_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o this_o reason_n especial_o take_v place_n if_o we_o admit_v kepler_n hypothesis_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n sun_n spot_n in_o the_o sun_n 4._o the_o observation_n of_o galilaeus_fw-la and_o scheiner_n concern_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n prove_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v about_o his_o axil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v their_o cause_n of_o go_v about_o neither_o seem_v it_o consistent_a with_o reason_n that_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o we_o allow_v the_o earth_n a_o place_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o allow_v the_o centre_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o planet_n fitting_o answer_v and_o agree_v to_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o the_o ptolomaick_a supposition_n be_v manifest_v not_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n venus_n and_o mercury_n 6._o those_o celestial_a appearance_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o the_o prove_v the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v also_o valid_a and_o efficacious_a for_o this_o place_n which_o i_o have_v say_v must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n the_o retrograde_a course_n and_o station_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o admirable_a apparent_a motion_n of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n etc._n etc._n for_o indeed_o that_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v before_o hand_n suppose_v this_o place_n and_o place_v of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v it_o join_v to_o itself_o very_o near_o but_o this_o argument_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o chief_a yet_o for_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nothing_o can_v be_v fetch_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n for_o gather_v thence_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n if_o she_o be_v without_o or_o want_v the_o second_o motion_n as_o origanus_n also_o determine_v 7._o so_o also_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o declare_v earth_n the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n argument_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n oppugn_v the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n with_o many_o argument_n and_o endeavour_v to_o challenge_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o place_n by_o these_o argument_n first_o heavy_a thing_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a body_n therefore_o it_o take_v up_o that_o centre_n second_o heavy_a thing_n will_v go_v from_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n unless_o this_o centre_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o ignobl_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v the_o vile_a part_n of_o this_o universe_n therefore_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o centre_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n than_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n will_v be_v see_v in_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o day_n big_a than_o in_o other_o five_o neither_o will_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o heaven_n always_o be_v conspicuous_a as_o taurus_n rise_v the_o scorpion_n shall_v set_v etc._n etc._n six_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v equinox_n seven_o neither_o the_o moon_n rise_v eclipse_v will_v the_o sun_n set_v etc._n etc._n eight_o neither_o will_v the_o number_n of_o miles_n in_o the_o earth_n equal_o answer_v every_o degree_n in_o heaven_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o refute_v by_o the_o copernican_n the_o copernican_n do_v easy_o weaken_v these_o reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o for_o the_o first_o and_o second_o be_v refel_v because_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n but_o to_o the_o homogeneal_a body_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n and_o loadstone_n the_o three_o reason_n take_v a_o false_a major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n for_o the_o centre_n be_v also_o a_o noble_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o ignoble_a or_o base_a the_o other_o reason_n be_v easy_o disprove_v by_o diagram_n or_o description_n this_o at_o least_o be_v fore-supposed_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n or_o centre_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v so_o little_a as_o that_o it_o will_v have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o saturn_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n from_o the_o earth_n not_o so_o great_a as_o of_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n moreover_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o superior_a planet_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v so_o great_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n be_v not_o so_o great_a touch_v the_o sun_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o a_o doubt_n sure_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n of_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n that_o will_v be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o theorem_n be_v prove_v thus_o first_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o high_a planet_n appear_v to_o we_o to_o rise_v at_o the_o same_o moment_n at_o which_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o rise_v by_o a_o right_n contrive_v supputation_n and_o calculation_n if_o we_o be_v set_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v the_o half_a diameter_n bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n second_o if_o we_o take_v the_o meridian_n or_o altitude_n of_o a_o fix_a star_n or_o one_o of_o the_o superior_a planet_n with_o a_o astronomical_a instrument_n we_o find_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n vanish_v away_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o distance_n three_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n than_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o star_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lesser_a about_o the_o horizon_n than_o
about_o the_o meridian_n because_o in_o this_o position_n they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o earth_n almost_o by_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o argument_n be_v valid_a as_o touch_v the_o sun_n also_o for_o his_o diameter_n be_v not_o find_v great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o he_o be_v yet_o on_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v a_o little_o great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o as_o yet_o she_o be_v on_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o in_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v somewhat_o nigh_o to_o we_o to_o wit_n almost_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o substance_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n consider_v the_o quality_n or_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o regard_n be_v take_v of_o its_o substance_n or_o be_v but_o now_o these_o be_v declare_v it_o be_v fit_v we_o consider_v this_o also_o that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o kind_n of_o body_n the_o earth_n be_v and_o how_o its_o part_n cohere_v together_o the_o which_o although_o it_o may_v rather_o rather_o seem_v natural_a yet_o because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o will_v here_o handle_v brief_o leave_v the_o accurate_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n proposition_n i._o to_o declare_v of_o what_o simple_a and_o similar_v body_n the_o earth_n may_v consist_v or_o be_v compound_v of_o earth_n of_o the_o four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v this_o matter_n the_o peripatetic_n number_n four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o whole_a sublunary_a world_n be_v now_o sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o very_a vulgar_a fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o democritus_n and_o leucippus_n determine_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n consist_v of_o very_o little_a solid_a piece_n which_o differ_v only_o in_o their_o various_a figure_n shape_n and_o magnitude_n and_o they_o many_o of_o the_o late_a philosopher_n do_v follow_v and_o of_o late_a cartesius_n endeavour_v by_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n to_o declare_v all_o natural_a appearance_n chemist_n the_o three_o principle_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o chemist_n chemist_n make_v three_o principle_n sal_fw-la sulphur_n and_o mercury_n to_o who_o some_o do_v right_o add_v caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la or_o the_o dead_a head_n when_o as_o they_o three_o be_v fruitful_a but_o to_o i_o doubtful_a term_n and_o word_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o thing_n themselves_o well_o consider_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n thing_n by_o other_o five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o wit_n water_n oil_n or_o sulphur_n salt_n earth_n and_o a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o the_o chemist_n call_v mercury_n for_o indeed_o all_o body_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v resolve_v into_o those_o five_o elementary_a substance_n notwithstanding_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o those_o differ_v not_o so_o much_o in_o essence_n as_o in_o the_o singular_a variety_n of_o their_o shape_n and_o magnitude_n therefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n consist_v of_o these_o simple_a body_n which_o be_v divers_a way_n commix_v from_o whence_o arise_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n which_o do_v appear_v different_a from_o one_o another_o and_o similar_v or_o body_n of_o like_a part_n but_o the_o more_o exquisite_a declaration_n of_o these_o point_n belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o book_n of_o the_o art_n and_o science_n now_o ready_a for_o the_o press_n proposition_n ii_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o dry_a and_o moist_a part_n or_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n to_o which_o some_o join_v the_o atmosphere_n this_o be_v the_o vulgar_a division_n of_o geographer_n and_o then_o the_o water_n be_v take_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n for_o all_o that_o be_v liquid_a or_o moist_a and_o fluid_a and_o run_a as_o the_o land_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a dry_a and_o consistent_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o do_v embrace_v and_o comprehend_v such_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n to_o wit_n first_o sand_n loam_n day_n and_o mineral_n earth_n chalk_n cinnaber_n ochre_n terra_fw-la sigiâ—lata_fw-la or_o saracen_n earth_n earth_n of_o samos_n bolearmoniack_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o earth_n second_o stone_n of_o various_a sort_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v diamond_n emerald_n ruby_n saphire_n etc._n etc._n three_o metal_n among_o which_o be_v gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n iron_n steel_n etc._n etc._n four_o brimstone_n salt_n niter_n alom_n bitumen_n vitriol_n antimony_n etc._n etc._n five_o herb_n plant_n etc._n etc._n part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o part_n to_o the_o water_n be_v refer_v first_o the_o sea_n second_o river_n and_o sweet_a water_n three_o lake_n and_o fen_n or_o marsh_n fourthly_a mineral_n water_n as_o hot_a bath_n sour_a water_n etc._n etc._n earth_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o encompass_n the_o earth_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v that_o thin_a and_o subtle_a body_n which_o girt_n and_o encompass_n the_o earth_n towards_o heaven_n and_o contain_v the_o air_n cloud_n shower_n of_o rain_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o into_o these_o three_o part_n the_o earth_n be_v fit_o divide_v proposition_n iii_o to_o expound_v how_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n cleave_v or_o hold_v together_o and_o make_v the_o land_n cavity_n the_o earth_n not_o bound_v with_o one_o superficies_n but_o have_v hollow_a cavity_n 1._o the_o land_n that_o be_v the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o bound_v with_o one_o and_o that_o even_a superficies_n or_o surface_n but_o she_o have_v many_o hollow_a cave_n many_o part_n lift_v up_o aloft_o in_o her_o cavity_n cave_n or_o hollow_n which_o be_v here_o and_o there_o find_v round_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n be_v contain_v and_o therefore_o part_v of_o the_o earthly_a superficies_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n those_o hollow_n or_o cavity_n be_v not_o make_v of_o a_o even_a hollowness_n but_o have_v here_o and_o there_o rock_n and_o elevate_a part_n and_o elsewhere_o they_o have_v gulf_n and_o swallow_n sink_v very_o deep_a so_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n have_v certain_a as_o it_o be_v navel_v in_o its_o middle_n and_o some_o part_n be_v more_o or_o less_o raise_v up_o or_o sink_v down_o than_o other_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n environ_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v hinder_v that_o it_o overwhelm_v not_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o the_o high_a part_n and_o such_o as_o appear_v above_o the_o water_n be_v island_n of_o which_o some_o be_v great_a and_o some_o small_a earth_n mouth_n hole_n pipe_n &_o other_o conveyance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o beside_o that_o continual_a channel_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o outward_a superficies_n within_o also_o in_o the_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v innumerable_a mouth_n hole_n swallow_n wind_n conveyance_n deep_n pipe_n and_o huge_a vast_a receiver_n in_o some_o of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o by_o that_o secret_a conveyance_n be_v join_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o common_a sea_n in_o some_o again_o there_o be_v sweet_a water_n rivers_n stream_n in_o some_o spirit_n or_o else_o a_o sulphury_a and_o smoke_a substance_n seneca_n say_v right_o he_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o his_o eyesight_n who_o believe_v not_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o hide_a and_o secret_a bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n bay_n of_o a_o vast_a sea_n neither_o do_v i_o perceive_v what_o may_v hinder_v that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v some_o seashore_n and_o the_o sea_n receive_v by_o hide_a passage_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o cause_n of_o doubt_v of_o there_o be_v many_o hollow_n in_o the_o very_a solid_a earth_n for_o very_o we_o conjecture_v at_o it_o by_o these_o mean_n first_o by_o the_o river_n which_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n where_o earth_n be_v dig_v even_o to_o a_o notable_a depth_n which_o be_v frequent_a in_o mine_n second_o in_o some_o place_n the_o profundity_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v beyond_o all_o sound_a or_o measure_n three_o there_o be_v some_o cave_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o hispaniola_n be_v a_o mountain_n of_o a_o great_a height_n be_v hollow_a within_o with_o many_o cave_n in_o which_o river_n of_o water_n be_v throw_v down_o headlong_o with_o so_o great_a sound_n and_o rush_a noise_n of_o stream_n that_o the_o very_a fall_n of_o those_o water_n may_v be_v hear_v
passage_n be_v two_o day_n journey_n to_o this_o some_o valley_n come_v in_o betwixt_o they_o be_v a_o second_o border_v call_v cirgin_n koy_n camen_fw-la also_o of_o two_o day_n journey_n the_o three_o be_v podvins_n coy_a camen_n the_o high_a of_o these_o three_o mountain_n which_o in_o many_o part_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o cloud_n and_o therefore_o it_o afford_v a_o very_a difficult_a passage_n which_o be_v of_o four_o day_n the_o city_n vergateria_n siberiae_n be_v nigh_o unto_o it_o lapland_n the_o mountain_n of_o norway_n and_o lapland_n 13._o the_o mountain_n of_o norway_n and_o lapland_n which_o begin_v from_o the_o southern_a promontory_n of_o norway_n and_o separate_v sweden_n in_o part_n from_o norway_n then_o in_o many_o order_n proceed_v even_o to_o the_o far_a part_n of_o lapland_n and_o be_v distinguish_v by_o divers_a name_n as_o fillefiel_n dofrefiel_n and_o the_o like_a germany_n the_o mountain_n hercinium_n in_o germany_n 14._o in_o germany_n the_o famous_a mountain_n hercinium_n encompass_v all_o bohemia_n and_o by_o various_a wind_n extend_v itself_o into_o divers_a region_n and_o that_o also_o by_o various_a name_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o brunswick_n it_o retain_v its_o ancient_a appellation_n the_o mountain_n bructerus_n be_v part_n of_o it_o proposition_n ii_o in_o most_o island_n and_o in_o the_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o continent_n the_o mountain_n be_v so_o situate_v that_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o two_o part_n mountain_n the_o division_n of_o land_n by_o mountain_n so_o in_o scotland_n the_o mountain_n grampius_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n gransbaine_o which_o extend_v through_o this_o island_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o divide_v it_o in_o two_o equal_a part_n both_o which_o differ_v not_o only_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n but_o also_o in_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o in_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n borneo_n luconia_n celebe_n hispaniola_n cuba_n mountain_n be_v find_v which_o arise_v from_o the_o seashore_n by_o degree_n towards_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o island_n unto_o a_o very_a great_a height_n gatis_n the_o mountain_n gatis_n so_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n procurrent_a part_n of_o asia_n which_o be_v call_v india_n for_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o caucasus_n and_o proceed_v to_o the_o promontory_n of_o corus_n vulgar_o call_v cabo_n de_fw-fr comerino_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n and_o so_o divide_v this_o procurrent_a into_o two_o part_n whereof_o that_o part_n which_o be_v on_o this_o side_n gatis_n towards_o the_o west_n be_v term_v the_o region_n of_o malabar_n and_o the_o other_o beyond_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n towards_o the_o east_n the_o region_n of_o choromandel_n this_o very_a same_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n pass_v through_o the_o other_o part_n of_o india_n which_o be_v now_o call_v bengala_n through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o pegu_n siam_n and_o the_o whole_a chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n corea_n the_o mountain_n in_o camboja_n california_n corea_n so_o also_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o earth_n term_v camboia_n the_o like_a mountain_n be_v in_o the_o peninsula_n or_o isle_n of_o california_n in_o the_o procurrent_a africa_n from_o the_o lake_n zair_a to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o the_o peninsula_n corea_n the_o apennine_a in_o italy_n how_o these_o mountain_n come_v whether_o create_v with_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o whether_o they_o afterward_o spring_v from_o natural_a cause_n be_v uncertain_a proposition_n iii_o of_o mountain_n famous_a for_o their_o exceed_a altitude_n world_n the_o mountain_n of_o el_n pico_n the_o high_a in_o the_o world_n 1._o el_n pico_n in_o teneriff_n esteem_v the_o high_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n who_o top_n be_v conspicuous_a at_o sea_n 60_o mile_n there_o be_v no_o ascend_v up_o it_o but_o in_o july_n and_o august_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v cover_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o year_n with_o snow_n although_o that_o snow_n be_v never_o see_v in_o the_o island_n itself_o or_o the_o adjacent_a canary_n isle_n the_o vertex_fw-la be_v manifest_o discover_v to_o be_v advance_v above_o the_o cloud_n see_v that_o these_o encompass_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o vertex_fw-la be_v behold_v to_o be_v above_o this_o cloud_n but_o because_o it_o suffer_v snow_n thence_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v not_o protend_v beyond_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air._n three_o day_n be_v require_v to_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o spiral_n top_n but_o plain_a and_o the_o air_n be_v serene_a and_o without_o cloud_n one_o may_v distinct_o discern_v from_o it_o all_o the_o other_o circumjacent_a canary_n isle_n of_o which_o some_o be_v 50_o mile_n remote_a from_o it_o in_o those_o two_o month_n many_o sulphureous_a stone_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o mountain_n and_o carry_v in_o great_a abundance_n into_o spain_n 2._o in_o one_o of_o the_o azore_n near_o to_o the_o isle_n fayal_n george_n the_o mountain_n pico_n de_fw-fr st._n george_n there_o be_v find_v a_o mountain_n call_v pico_n de_fw-fr st._n george_n whence_o the_o isle_n be_v call_v pico_n it_o be_v report_v to_o have_v a_o equal_a altitude_n with_o the_o mountain_n of_o teneriff_n cordillera_fw-la the_o mountain_n cordillera_fw-la 3._o the_o mountain_n call_v cordillera_fw-la in_o the_o southern_a america_n separate_v peru_n from_o the_o other_o province_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o that_o exceed_a height_n that_o it_o give_v place_n to_o no_o mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o altitude_n it_o extend_v from_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n to_o panama_n aetna_n mount_v aetna_n 4._o aetna_n a_o mountain_n in_o sicilia_n from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o fire_n be_v discern_v to_o be_v eject_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o malta_n whence_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v at_o the_o least_o a_o entire_a mile_n in_o altitude_n but_o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n we_o have_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o this_o apparent_a altitude_n 5._o hecla_o a_o mountain_n of_o island_n hecla_n hecla_n adam_n pico_n de_fw-fr adam_n 6._o pico_n de_fw-fr adam_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o geilam_n 7._o the_o mountain_n bructerus_n in_o germany_n and_o abnoba_n 8._o the_o mountain_n figenojamma_n in_o japan_n figenojamma_fw-la figenojamma_fw-la be_v suppose_v to_o exceed_v the_o cloud_n in_o altitude_n 9_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n much_o celebrate_v by_o the_o ancient_n for_o its_o great_a height_n caucasus_n caucasus_n pelion_n the_o mountain_n pelion_n 10._o the_o mountain_n pelion_n in_o macedonia_n pliny_n say_v that_o dicaearchus_n the_o mathematician_n by_o the_o command_n and_o expense_n of_o some_o king_n measure_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o mountain_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 1250_o pace_n that_o be_v 10_o stadia_fw-la or_o â…“_n of_o a_o german_a mile_n geminus_n say_v that_o the_o mountain_n cyllene_n be_v find_v by_o dicaearchus_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n athos_n the_o mountain_n athos_n 11._o the_o mountain_n athos_n as_o mela_n in_o lib._n 2._o chap._n 2._o relate_v be_v so_o elate_v that_o it_o be_v believe_v to_o rise_v high_a than_o that_o shower_n shall_v fall_v thence_o this_o opinion_n receive_v credit_n because_o that_o the_o ash_n be_v not_o wash_v away_o from_o the_o altar_n that_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o but_o remain_v in_o the_o heap_n as_o they_o be_v leave_v in_o it_o run_v along_o with_o a_o great_a broad_a ridge_n into_o the_o sea_n where_o it_o adher_v to_o the_o continent_n xerxes_n make_v his_o expedition_n against_o the_o grecian_n dig_v it_o through_o and_o make_v it_o navigable_a 12._o olympus_n a_o mountain_n of_o asia_n minor_a olympus_n olympus_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n 13._o casius_n casius_n casius_n a_o mountain_n in_o asia_n which_o pliny_n write_v to_o be_v four_o mile_n in_o height_n 14._o mount_v haemus_n haemus_n haemus_n which_o martianus_n capella_n describe_v to_o be_v 6_o mile_n in_o altitude_n 15._o atlas_n atlas_n atlas_n a_o mountain_n in_o africa_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n the_o poet_n feign_v this_o mountain_n to_o be_v so_o high_a that_o it_o uphold_v heaven_n but_o experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_n proposition_n iu._n the_o many_o difference_n of_o mountain_n in_o the_o former_a proposition_n we_o have_v show_v three_o difference_n viz._n mountain_n the_o difference_n of_o mountain_n 1._o some_o be_v extend_v in_o a_o long_a tract_n and_o some_o be_v terminate_v in_o a_o small_a circuit_n 2._o some_o divide_v the_o region_n in_o two_o part_n other_o pass_v through_o any_o tract_n of_o the_o region_n 3._o some_o be_v of_o a_o exceed_a height_n some_o of_o a_o mean_a and_o some_o but_o low_o to_o these_o difference_n these_o may_v be_v add_v
maffaeus_n relate_v there_o be_v a_o mountain_n which_o continual_o vomit_v flame_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o the_o evil_a spirit_n show_v himself_o to_o certain_a person_n after_o that_o they_o have_v macerate_v themselves_o for_o a_o vow_n sake_n 10._o many_o vulcanelloe_n be_v find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n distant_a 70_o mile_n from_o ferando_n also_o in_o a_o certain_a small_a isle_n which_o lie_v between_o tanaxuma_n and_o the_o isle_n call_v the_o sister_n a_o burn_a mountain_n be_v discover_v at_o other_o time_n smoke_v tendai_n certain_a vulcan_n in_o the_o isle_n tendai_n 11._o in_o tendai_n one_o of_o the_o philippine_n isle_n where_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n be_v certain_a vulcan_n be_v find_v one_o also_o in_o the_o isle_n marindique_fw-la another_o of_o the_o philippine_n isle_n 12._o in_o nicaragna_n a_o province_n in_o america_n a_o lofty_a mountain_n cast_v forth_o flame_n in_o such_o great_a abundance_n that_o they_o may_v be_v see_v 10_o mile_n distant_a cordillera_fw-la vulcan_n mountain_n in_o cordillera_fw-la 13._o in_o the_o ridge_n of_o peru_n call_v cordillera_fw-la here_o and_o there_o be_v certain_a rock_n and_o vulcan_n mountain_n partly_o smoke_v and_o partly_o burn_a and_o they_o be_v say_v to_o cast_v out_o fire_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o carrapa_n there_o be_v a_o mountain_n from_o who_o top_n when_o the_o heaven_n be_v serene_a much_o smoke_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v elevate_v peru_n other_o in_o peru_n 14._o near_o to_o arequipa_n a_o city_n of_o peru_n 90_o mile_n distant_a from_o lima_n a_o certain_a sulphureous_a mountain_n continual_o ejaculate_v fire_n which_o be_v find_v dangerous_a to_o the_o city_n 15._o in_o peru_n near_o the_o valley_n mulahallow_a about_o 50_o league_n from_o quito_n there_o be_v a_o vulcan_n which_o once_o rend_v cast_v forth_o great_a stone_n and_o terrify_v also_o the_o remote_a place_n with_o the_o huge_a noise_n vulcan_n other_o vulcan_n 16._o in_o one_o of_o the_o island_n which_o they_o call_v papoys_n which_o le_fw-fr more_o discover_v except_o peradventure_o it_o may_v adhere_v to_o the_o south_n continent_n on_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o new_a guiney_n be_v a_o vulcan_n which_o at_o that_o time_n burn_v 17._o certain_a mountain_n lie_v on_o the_o oriental_a shore_n of_o the_o river_n jeniscea_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o tingesi_n beyond_o ob_fw-la towards_o the_o east_n by_o a_o journey_n of_o some_o week_n there_o be_v vulcan_n as_o the_o muscovite_n do_v report_v 18._o certain_a mountain_n at_o the_o river_n pesida_n beyond_o the_o region_n of_o the_o tingaesi_fw-la liburnia_n a_o vulcan_n in_o liburnia_n 19_o in_o liburnia_n near_o the_o city_n apollonia_n be_v a_o rocky_a mountain_n from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o continual_o issue_v smoke_n and_o flame_n in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v there_o be_v hot_a fountain_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a mountain_n which_o have_v now_o cease_v to_o burn_v so_o the_o isle_n queimoda_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o brasil_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o silver_n river_n in_o time_n past_o do_v burn_v so_o the_o mountain_n in_o congo_n or_o angola_n which_o they_o term_v vesbrande_n bergen_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o azore_n especial_o tercera_n and_o st._n michael_n formerly_z the_o earth_n burn_v in_o many_o place_n but_o now_o the_o smoke_n in_o some_o place_n be_v sometime_o expel_v hence_o also_o they_o have_v often_o earthquake_n the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n and_o of_o the_o ascension_n have_v also_o its_o earth_n like_o unto_o these_o viz._n a_o dust_n embers_o and_o ash_n so_o that_o in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v probable_o the_o mountain_n of_o these_o isle_n burn_v which_o be_v also_o manifest_a from_o the_o sulphureous_a earth_n and_o coal_n which_o they_o call_v smitskolen_v now_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o vulcan_n or_o burn_a mountain_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a bituminous_a substance_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o such_o like_a mountain_n proposition_n vi_o the_o tanges_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n some_o admit_v of_o no_o passage_n or_o open_n some_o of_o many_o other_o some_o of_o one_o or_o another_o only_a mountain_n of_o the_o tanges_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n they_o be_v call_v portae_n and_o also_o thermopylae_n of_o which_o the_o more_o note_v be_v 1._o the_o thermopylae_n in_o phocis_n from_o which_o this_o name_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o rest_n 2._o the_o caspian_a portae_n which_o as_o through_o a_o narrow_a passage_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o caspian_a mountain_n 3._o the_o port_n of_o the_o mountain_n cordillera_fw-la in_o peru._n 4._o the_o port_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v extend_v between_o abyssive_a and_o arabia_n troglodytica_fw-la through_o which_o they_o carry_v provision_n and_o grain_n from_o that_o region_n unto_o this_o 5._o in_o caucasus_n the_o sarmatick_a and_o albanian_a port_n proposition_n vii_o that_o mountain_n be_v term_v a_o promontory_n which_o run_v forth_o in_o a_o certain_a tract_n to_o the_o sea_n or_o on_o the_o shore_n be_v elevate_v above_o the_o adjacent_a place_n cape_n of_o promontory_n or_o cape_n in_o map_n they_o be_v call_v cape_n or_o head_n among_o which_o the_o more_o note_v be_v good-hope_a cape_n of_o good-hope_a 1._o the_o cape_n of_o good-hope_a in_o africa_n which_o must_v be_v pass_v by_o those_o that_o sail_n into_o india_n victoria_n cape_n victoria_n 2._o cape_n victoria_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n verd._n cape_n verd._n 3._o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o the_o angle_n or_o point_n of_o africa_n where_o the_o shore_n wind_v from_o west_n to_o east_n vincent_n cape_n vincent_n 4._o cape_n vincent_n in_o spain_n atlas_n promontory_n or_o cape_n of_o atlas_n 5._o the_o promontory_n of_o atlas_n so_o ancient_o call_v not_o a_o cape_n because_o that_o mariner_n some_o age_n past_o suppose_a that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v passable_a or_o that_o if_o any_o one_o have_v sail_v beyond_o it_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o return_v back_o safe_a therefore_o this_o be_v the_o bind_v of_o their_o navigation_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n other_o promontory_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o map_n proposition_n viii_o unto_o mountain_n be_v oppose_v cave_n and_o deep_a abysses_n which_o be_v find_v in_o few_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n abysses_n of_o cave_n or_o deep_a abysses_n in_o time_n past_o that_o mephitick_a cave_n in_o island_n call_v the_o cave_n of_o st._n patrick_n and_o that_o cave_n in_o italy_n call_v grotta_n deal_v cane_n be_v famous_a in_o the_o mountain_n of_o fessano_n beni_n guazeval_n be_v a_o cave_n that_o vomit_v forth_o fire_n in_o the_o island_n baruch_n adjoynig_v to_o wales_n in_o england_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o rock_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o cave_n unto_o which_o if_o you_o apply_v your_o ear_n a_o noise_n like_o stroke_n of_o hammer_n upon_o iron_n as_o in_o a_o smith_n shop_n may_v be_v hear_v not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n bessa_n in_o aquitain_n be_v a_o cave_n vulgar_o call_v du_n souley_n in_o which_o in_o the_o summer_n season_n a_o noise_n be_v hear_v like_o unto_o thunder_n in_o many_o place_n betwixt_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v find_v valley_n so_o profound_a that_o they_o strike_v the_o beholder_n with_o horror_n and_o cause_v a_o giddiness_n chap._n xi_o of_o mine_n wood_n and_o desert_n have_v wood_n and_o desert_n do_v ennoble_v certain_a part_n or_o tract_n of_o the_o earth_n desert_n of_o mine_n wood_n and_o desert_n concern_v which_o although_o little_o can_v be_v propose_v yet_o for_o a_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a superficies_n it_o will_v not_o be_v unnecessary_a to_o consider_v those_o place_n and_o to_o design_n the_o tract_n and_o limit_n of_o they_o which_o we_o shall_v brief_o perform_v in_o this_o chapter_n proposition_n i._o a_o mine_n be_v a_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o metal_n mineral_n or_o other_o sort_n of_o earth_n be_v dug_n but_o because_o what_o be_v dug_n up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v various_a therefore_o all_o these_o mine_n receive_v various_a denomination_n mine_n of_o mine_n as_o mine_n of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n iron_n marble_n mine_n of_o precious_a stone_n and_o the_o like_a the_o most_o famous_a of_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n mine_n be_v those_o of_o peru_n and_o castilia_n aurea_n mine_n peru_n and_o castilia_n aurea_n and_o potosi_n rich_a in_o mine_n the_o rich_a in_o the_o world_n for_o throughout_o all_o the_o province_n of_o peru_n be_v find_v mine_n abound_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n yet_o not_o exclude_v the_o other_o metal_n so_o that_o the_o native_n of_o peru_n and_o the_o spaniard_n in_o time_n past_a do_v boast_v that_o the_o ground_n or_o soil_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v gold_n and_o silver_n girava_n a_o spanish_a writer_n testify_v at_o the_o city_n quito_n be_v mine_n which_o yield_v more_o gold_n than_o earth_n
hinder_v do_v flow_v from_o more_o high_a place_n to_o place_n more_o low_a if_o therefore_o the_o place_n about_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n part_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o will_v neither_o consist_v or_o be_v calm_a which_o yet_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o air._n 2._o if_o that_o the_o ocean_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o shore_n that_o altitude_n will_v be_v discover_v a_o far_o long_a interval_n than_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n do_v admit_v of_o yea_o it_o will_v be_v see_v from_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n intercept_v between_o that_o altitude_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v see_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o it_o can_v be_v behold_v from_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o that_o by_o degree_n the_o more_o remote_a part_n be_v detect_v after_o the_o more_o near_o when_o we_o come_v to_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o by_o how_o much_o any_o part_n be_v more_o vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n by_o so_o much_o it_o be_v first_o or_o by_o a_o large_a interval_n behold_v from_o the_o shore_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o high_a than_o that_o part_n that_o be_v nigh_o unto_o it_o wherefore_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n every_o where_o both_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o at_o the_o shore_n and_o not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n 3._o mariner_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o deep_a sea_n although_o they_o apply_v their_o mathematical_a instrument_n yet_o find_v it_o no_o high_o there_o than_o in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o shore_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v if_o that_o the_o sea_n have_v any_o altitude_n elevate_v as_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n for_o as_o by_o instrument_n we_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o tower_n or_o mountain_n above_o the_o subject_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o also_o if_o that_o there_o be_v any_o altitude_n of_o the_o middle_a ocean_n above_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n it_o can_v not_o be_v obstruct_v and_o avoid_v the_o subtlety_n of_o instrument_n 4._o also_o here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v island_n and_o that_o in_o great_a number_n in_o some_o part_n which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o continent_n or_o great_a island_n therefore_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o those_o island_n 5._o no_o cause_n can_v be_v show_v why_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n shall_v be_v high_o and_o not_o flow_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n if_o that_o their_o water_n be_v more_o depress_v for_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v that_o water_n any_o where_o situate_v move_v to_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n and_o these_o be_v less_o high_a which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o many_o inundation_n from_o these_o i_o think_v we_o sufficient_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o land_n see_v therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o very_a few_o shore_n be_v elevate_v little_o more_o than_o the_o vicine_fw-la mediterranean_a land_n and_o in_o most_o lesser_a see_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n increase_v and_o rise_v into_o hill_n thence_o we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n now_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n augment_v or_o that_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n be_v high_a than_o the_o shore_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o flux_n of_o river_n most_o of_o which_o arise_v in_o mediterranean_a place_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o ocean_n so_o then_o at_o least_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n be_v somewhat_o more_o elevate_v than_o the_o shore_n because_o the_o flux_n be_v from_o these_o unto_o they_o for_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o more_o high_a part_n to_o place_n more_o inferior_a now_o that_o some_o be_v somewhat_o depress_v low_o than_o the_o water_n we_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v but_o they_o be_v either_o defend_v by_o the_o height_n of_o their_o shore_n or_o by_o bank_n or_o other_o interpose_a earth_n now_o these_o bank_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n not_o because_o of_o the_o great_a altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v tranquillous_a and_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o impetuous_a motion_n cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o from_o some_o other_o cause_n corollary_n corollary_n corollary_n therefore_o they_o be_v deceive_v who_o will_v have_v the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o fly_v to_o a_o miraculous_a providence_n by_o which_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o land_n and_o drown_n of_o the_o world_n be_v hinder_v and_o restrain_v for_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v one_o and_o almost_o the_o same_o to_o wit_n spherical_a and_o that_o many_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o least_o the_o shore_n have_v a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o ocean_n can_v overflow_v the_o land_n which_o great_a altitude_n if_o it_o be_v elevate_v in_o some_o shore_n the_o bank_n be_v break_v or_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v or_o force_v to_o they_o in_o great_a abundance_n cause_n inundation_n neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o impossible_a or_o contrary_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o whole_a earth_n shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n proposition_n iii_o why_o the_o sea_n be_v behold_v from_o the_o shore_n seem_v to_o arise_v in_o a_o great_a altitude_n and_o tumour_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o remote_a shore_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o some_o say_v to_o be_v many_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v a_o fallacy_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o of_o the_o estimate_v faculty_n which_o have_v bring_v many_o into_o this_o error_n so_o that_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o defend_v that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v many_o mile_n high_o than_o the_o shore_n but_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o daily_a experiment_n in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o our_o life_n in_o which_o this_o fallacy_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a for_o if_o that_o we_o look_v on_o any_o pavement_n or_o floor_n stretch_v at_o length_n or_o any_o row_n of_o pillar_n the_o more_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o pavement_n will_v appear_v more_o high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n so_o that_o from_o thence_o from_o our_o place_n to_o the_o most_o remote_a the_o floor_n will_v seem_v by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o to_o elevate_v which_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v every_o where_o of_o the_o same_o altitude_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n it_o be_v with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o if_o on_o the_o shoar_n you_o use_v a_o geodetical_a instrument_n commodious_a to_o measure_v place_n withal_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o elevation_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n above_o the_o shoar_n but_o rather_o a_o little_a depression_n so_o that_o the_o water_n sink_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o shore_n those_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o the_o optic_n declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o fallacy_n let_v a_o be_v the_o eye_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v it_o survey_v the_o pavement_n or_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n extend_v at_o length_n unto_o the_o long_a space_n a_o e._n let_v the_o angle_n a_o a_o e_o be_v divide_v into_o equal_a part_n or_o four_o angle_n which_o be_v e_z a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o c_o a_o b_o b_o a_o a_o from_o the_o right_n draw_v a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o to_o wit_n the_o more_o remote_a shall_v be_v far_o more_o great_a as_o appear_v from_o the_o diagram_n viz._n e_o d_o be_v great_a than_o d_o e_z and_z d_o e_z great_a than_o b_o c_o and_o b_o c_o than_o a_o h._n although_o these_o part_n be_v very_o unequal_a yet_o they_o will_v appear_v equal_a because_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o equal_a angle_n a_o a_o b_o b_o a_o c_o c_o a_o d_o d_o a_o c_o and_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n will_v judge_v they_o to_o be_v remove_v a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o eye_n a_o in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deception_n and_o therefore_o will_v judge_v the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o d_o
a_o c_o to_o be_v a_o f_o a_o g_o a_o h_o a_o k_o as_o they_o be_v equal_v a_o b_o f_o g_o g_o h_o h_o k_o whence_o the_o part_n b_o c_o cd_o d_o e_z seem_v elevate_v as_o if_o they_o be_v f_z g_o g_o h_o h_o k._n or_o more_o brief_o because_o the_o eye_n be_v more_o elevate_v to_o behold_v object_n remote_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v at_o thing_n near_o therefore_o remote_a thing_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v elevate_v and_o those_o nigh_o depress_v or_o because_o we_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n vicine_fw-la therefore_o we_o judge_v they_o depress_v but_o we_o can_v so_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n remote_a wherefore_o they_o seem_v more_o elevate_v than_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v so_o therefore_o we_o see_v from_o this_o that_o the_o ocean_n to_o one_o that_o behold_v it_o from_o the_o shoar_n seem_v high_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o remote_a from_o thence_o i_o say_v it_o be_v no_o probation_n that_o it_o be_v more_o elevate_v some_o render_v another_o reason_n viz._n that_o therefore_o a_o great_a altitude_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n than_o to_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o suppose_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o fountain_n of_o river_n which_o fountain_n be_v in_o mediterranean_a plane_n see_v that_o no_o water_n flow_v but_o from_o a_o high_a place_n unto_o one_o more_o low_o depress_v but_o i_o shall_v show_v it_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o another_o way_n in_o the_o chapter_n where_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o original_a of_o river_n or_o fountain_n and_o so_o also_o any_o one_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o mountain_n of_o teneriff_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o also_o other_o mountain_n as_o to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o ocean_n for_o so_o long_a a_o interval_n at_o four_o degree_n except_o that_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o shoar_n of_o teneriff_n but_o what_o answer_n be_v to_o be_v return_v to_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n ii_o see_v chap._n ii_o whee_fw-mi we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o original_a or_o height_n of_o mountain_n proposition_n iv_o to_o exhibit_v the_o cause_n and_o original_a of_o gulf_n bay_n and_o strait_n of_o the_o ocean_n ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o gulf_n bay_n and_o strait_n in_o the_o ocean_n these_o bay_n in_o proper_a manner_n of_o speech_n be_v the_o sinus_n of_o the_o land_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n but_o rather_o arm_n branch_n and_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o more_o proper_o we_o may_v term_v those_o to_o be_v sinus_fw-la or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o the_o ocean_n receive_v into_o itself_o peninsula_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o where_o it_o receive_v jutland_n the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n california_n and_o the_o like_a but_o the_o usual_a mode_n of_o speech_n have_v so_o obtain_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n the_o word_n be_v so_o take_v in_o the_o first_o signification_n and_o a_o sinus_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o branch_n or_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n bay_n the_o cause_n of_o bay_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o sinus_n or_o bays_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o some_o place_n mutual_o rend_v from_o one_o another_o and_o divaricate_v so_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v between_o the_o divaricate_v part_n be_v more_o depress_v than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o water_n always_o tend_v to_o the_o more_o depress_a part_n flow_v into_o the_o divaricate_v part_n and_o run_v forward_o so_o far_o until_o it_o meet_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o here_o it_o can_v go_v no_o far_o and_o therefore_o it_o receive_v its_o end_n or_o bound_v the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o separation_n or_o divarication_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v require_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o bay_n and_o strait_n be_v the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n when_o it_o be_v force_v by_o wind_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n which_o see_v that_o it_o be_v do_v almost_o every_o day_n so_o that_o it_o beat_v the_o land_n with_o its_o wave_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o shore_n the_o land_n be_v so_o shake_v that_o it_o fall_v on_o the_o rush_n in_o of_o the_o ocean_n and_o make_v way_n for_o it_o and_o if_o the_o land_n adjoin_v to_o the_o shore_n be_v depress_v bay_n do_v more_o easy_o arise_v viz_o when_o the_o land_n of_o the_o shore_n be_v break_v through_o the_o water_n will_v overflow_v the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o so_o make_v a_o bay_n if_o that_o the_o land_n be_v so_o depress_v or_o consist_v of_o so_o much_o matter_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v remove_v by_o the_o violent_a wave_n and_o so_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o bay_n and_o strait_n may_v be_v make_v and_o exist_v anew_o but_o thence_o we_o may_v not_o conclude_v that_o all_o bay_n and_o strait_n that_o be_v at_o this_o day_n be_v so_o generate_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o some_o exi_v with_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o ocean_n and_o therefore_o coeval_fw-fr with_o the_o very_a ocean_n for_o there_o be_v no_o record_n of_o the_o make_n of_o any_o new_a bay_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o streight_n although_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n fabulous_o report_v such_o concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o gaditan_a or_o herculean_a strait_n viz._n they_o say_v that_o the_o mountain_n calpe_n on_o the_o spanish_a coast_n and_o the_o mountain_n abyla_n on_o the_o african_a coast_n be_v one_o mountain_n but_o separate_v by_o hercules_n whence_o they_o call_v these_o mountain_n hercules_n pillar_n and_o the_o strait_n hercules_n streights_n italy_n the_o strait_n between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o strait_n between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n which_o the_o ancient_n believe_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o incursion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o ought_v less_o to_o doubt_v that_o such_o small_a strait_n shall_v be_v generate_v for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o such_o like_a may_v be_v generate_v at_o this_o day_n also_o bay_n may_v be_v make_v of_o strait_n and_o strait_n may_v become_v bay_n for_o example_n if_o that_o either_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o magellans_n streights_n or_o of_o the_o strait_n of_o manilhas_n shall_v be_v obstruct_v those_o strait_n will_v become_v long_a bay_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o asia_n and_o africa_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o than_o the_o whole_a red_a sea_n will_v become_v a_o straight_a through_o which_o a_o ship_n may_v sail_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n proposition_n v._o whether_o the_o ocean_n every_o where_o be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n be_v in_o its_o natural_a constitution_n and_o all_o impediment_n remove_v be_v manifest_a from_o the_o first_o proposition_n by_o which_o we_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a and_o that_o its_o centre_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n in_o all_o its_o part_n but_o here_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o there_o be_v not_o some_o cause_n that_o may_v render_v some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n more_o high_a than_o other_o this_o be_v most_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n and_o be_v also_o of_o great_a moment_n when_o we_o consult_v concern_v the_o dig_v through_o of_o isthmuss_n and_o conjoin_v part_n of_o the_o sea_n many_o will_v have_v that_o the_o ocean_n and_o earth_n be_v high_a about_o the_o north_n and_o low_a about_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o aristotle_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la cap._n 2._o they_o allege_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n region_n as_o from_o a_o fountain_n but_o we_o can_v conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a from_o this_o for_o whether_o the_o northern_a land_n especial_o the_o north_n channel_n be_v more_o high_a or_o low_a than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o land_n near_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v yet_o doubt_v neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n because_o this_o be_v not_o general_a or_o be_v not_o find_v in_o all_o the_o northern_a region_n and_o if_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o the_o north_n shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o thence_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o ocean_n be_v there_o
the_o wind_n 4._o from_o the_o ruin_n or_o subsidency_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o shore_n also_o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v make_v high_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o sand_n or_o mud._n proposition_n vii_o the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n but_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o remain_v always_o the_o same_o fountain_n the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n experience_n testify_v that_o water_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n or_o spring_n and_o because_o that_o this_o have_v be_v for_o so_o many_o century_n of_o year_n it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o that_o water_n which_o continual_o flow_v from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o sea_n return_v through_o subterranean_a passage_n or_o some_o other_o way_n to_o the_o same_o fountain_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n there_o be_v philosopher_n in_o old_a time_n say_v that_o the_o sea_n spring_v from_o certain_a fountain_n neither_o can_v the_o magnitude_n and_o perpetuity_n of_o the_o ocean_n withdraw_v they_o from_o this_o opinion_n for_o they_o say_v that_o it_o return_v unto_o the_o same_o fountain_n by_o some_o hollowness_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o by_o some_o other_o mode_n that_o so_o they_o may_v render_v a_o cause_n of_o the_o perpetual_a flux_n this_o opinion_n may_v be_v answer_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o that_o the_o ocean_n have_v fountain_n they_o must_v either_o be_v in_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v in_o the_o very_a channel_n or_o bosom_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o man_n have_v not_o where_o find_v they_o neither_o may_v you_o object_v that_o peradventure_o they_o be_v in_o the_o unknown_a land_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n for_o this_o will_v be_v a_o part_n of_o high_a confidence_n to_o require_v that_o to_o be_v grant_v which_o carry_v no_o weight_n of_o reason_n with_o it_o especial_o see_v that_o at_o not_o a_o few_o of_o the_o northern_a land_n the_o sea_n be_v find_v freeze_v up_o with_o ice_n and_o in_o most_o of_o those_o region_n hitherto_o discover_v no_o spring_n be_v find_v therefore_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o in_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o prove_v that_o they_o 〈◊〉_d neither_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n cover_v with_o water_n that_o be_v in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o that_o they_o be_v in_o this_o there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o and_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v no_o flux_n from_o they_o but_o the_o water_n will_v rest_v in_o they_o who_o nature_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v move_v from_o place_n depress_v to_o place_n more_o high_a for_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o river_n be_v more_o elevate_v than_o the_o water_n that_o they_o send_v forth_o but_o some_o may_v object_v that_o this_o be_v a_o violent_a motion_n because_o that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o land_n be_v perforate_v within_o with_o many_o hollowness_n and_o pit_n call_v they_o what_o you_o please_v which_o proceed_v for_o a_o long_a tract_n under_o the_o earth_n until_o they_o be_v let_v into_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n so_o that_o there_o be_v two_o orifice_n of_o these_o channel_n which_o may_v have_v a_o sufficient_a great_a latitude_n and_o extension_n within_o the_o earth_n go_v forth_o into_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o water_n from_o the_o ocean_n may_v flow_v into_o one_o of_o these_o two_o orifice_n and_o some_o forth_o of_o the_o other_o as_o from_o a_o fountain_n which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o easy_a diagram_n and_o by_o that_o reason_n that_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v many_o of_o these_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o no_o absurdity_n thence_o follow_v therefore_o it_o may_v seem_v probable_a to_o some_o that_o there_o be_v many_o of_o these_o fountain_n in_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o imagination_n be_v vain_a and_o not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o property_n of_o water_n for_o water_n have_v fall_v into_o either_o of_o these_o channel_n will_v not_o go_v forth_o by_o the_o other_o orifice_n but_o will_v rest_v fill_v in_o it_o except_o move_v by_o some_o violent_a cause_n for_o although_o water_n shall_v be_v press_v and_o stir_v by_o water_n force_v in_o on_o the_o orifice_n yet_o it_o can_v not_o exonerate_v itself_o by_o the_o other_o orifice_n because_o that_o water_n incumb_v on_o this_o orifice_n also_o no_o less_o than_o the_o incumb_a water_n at_o the_o former_a orifice_n which_o may_v thus_o be_v prove_v by_o experience_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v there_o be_v in_o any_o vessel_n water_n abcd_v ab_fw-la be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n lie_v equal_o and_o spherical_o but_o let_v in_o a_o stick_n rpef_n into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o may_v perforate_v it_o by_o a_o oblique_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n a_o shall_v be_v high_o than_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o vessel_n b_o therefore_o the_o water_n as_o well_o on_o the_o part_n a_o as_o on_o the_o part_n b_o shall_v for_o example_n flow_v through_o g_o h_z into_o this_o passage_n and_o fill_v it_o up_o and_o shall_v not_o be_v effuse_v through_o either_o of_o the_o orifice_n not_o through_o g_o because_o this_o be_v high_a nor_o through_o h_z because_o though_o it_o be_v more_o depress_v than_o g_o yet_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o part_n b_o and_o perpendicular_o tend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n will_v prohibit_v the_o influx_n from_o these_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n but_o be_v perpetual_o contain_v within_o its_o own_o channel_n but_o somewhat_o may_v be_v object_v against_o this_o objection_n objection_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n first_o that_o at_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o the_o ocean_n there_o be_v always_o a_o violent_a external_a move_a cause_n as_o wind_n flux_n reflux_n mutation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o like_a therefore_o these_o cause_n that_o sometime_o in_o some_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o there_o be_v a_o great_a altitude_n and_o abundancy_n of_o water_n than_o in_o the_o other_o part_n and_o therefore_o that_o high_a water_n fall_v into_o the_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v again_o pour_v forth_o into_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lesser_a altitude_n of_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o external_a cause_n and_o where_o the_o incumbent_a water_n then_o less_o resist_v the_o eruption_n or_o efflux_n because_o it_o be_v move_v another_o way_n by_o a_o external_a cause_n for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v yet_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o experience_n neither_o can_v the_o contrary_a that_o be_v this_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v so_o therefore_o at_o least_o the_o truth_n be_v uncertain_a and_o we_o must_v doubt_v concern_v this_o problem_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o subterraneous_a pit_n or_o passage_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n can_v be_v deny_v and_o those_o place_n of_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o show_v they_o to_o wit_n where_o there_o be_v a_o immense_a profundity_n see_v there_o be_v no_o such_o in_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n to_o this_o i_o answer_v although_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n yet_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o they_o proceed_v to_o another_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o go_v forth_o into_o it_o and_o if_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o passage_n in_o all_o place_n and_o that_o these_o external_a cause_n sometime_o be_v predominate_a in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o sometime_o in_o another_o there_o be_v no_o consequence_n from_o the_o objection_n that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v in_o any_o certain_a place_n but_o that_o it_o flow_v sometime_o from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o sometime_o from_o another_o so_o that_o that_o flux_n continue_v no_o long_a than_o the_o external_a cause_n continue_v 2._o some_o one_o may_v thus_o seem_v to_o argue_v the_o flux_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v perpetual_o discern_v from_o the_o northern_a land_n or_o quarter_n towards_o the_o south_n between_o europe_n and_o the_o northern_a america_n also_o between_o asia_n and_o the_o northern_a america_n yet_o notwithstanding_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o
vicine_fw-la place_n be_v to_o be_v find_v whereby_o it_o may_v come_v unto_o those_o northern_a region_n see_v that_o therefore_o this_o flux_n be_v perpetual_a neither_o do_v the_o water_n come_v by_o a_o manifest_a way_n unto_o those_o region_n whence_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v therefore_o it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o water_n come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o those_o northern_a region_n and_o so_o there_o to_o be_v effuse_v from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o channel_n as_o from_o a_o spring_n and_o that_o the_o water_n move_v hence_o towards_o the_o south_n there_o fall_v in_o another_o cause_n take_v from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a abundance_n of_o salt_n as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o eight_o and_o twelve_o proposition_n therefore_o the_o water_n or_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v more_o press_n through_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n the_o water_n less_o resist_v suffer_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v from_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o channel_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o that_o flux_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o only_o from_o the_o north_n as_o the_o objection_n seem_v to_o infer_v and_o as_o some_o especial_o the_o ancient_n conceive_v of_o it_o who_o will_v have_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v in_o four_o channel_n from_o the_o very_a pole_n as_o also_o some_o geographical_a map_n do_v exhibit_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o continual_a but_o be_v observe_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequency_n of_o northern_a wind_n moreover_o the_o great_a and_o perpetual_a abundance_n of_o snow_n and_o rain_n in_o those_o place_n augment_v the_o water_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o flow_v towards_o the_o south_n add_v likewise_o that_o in_o other_o part_n another_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v concern_v which_o see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 3._o it_o seem_v not_o absurd_a but_o rather_o most_o true_a that_o all_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n take_v together_o disburthen_v themselves_o into_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o very_a fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o see_v that_o in_o perpetual_a progress_n of_o time_n so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o water_n flow_v from_o they_o into_o the_o ocean_n questionless_a the_o water_n come_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o very_a spring_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n partly_o through_o the_o subterranean_a passage_n and_o partly_o by_o ra_n 4._o it_o may_v seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v in_o the_o very_a channel_n because_o that_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o some_o part_n sweet_a or_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o by_o some_o fountain_n flow_v in_o the_o bottom_n linschaten_a relate_v that_o in_o ormus_n fresh_a water_n be_v draw_v by_o divers_a in_o the_o ocean_n at_o the_o depth_n of_o four_o or_o five_o orgya_n and_o the_o like_a fountain_n be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o bays_n unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o few_o such_o spring_n have_v yet_o be_v find_v which_o suffice_v not_o the_o vast_a ocean_n neither_o do_v we_o dispute_v concern_v these_o fountain_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o be_v true_a and_o we_o may_v well_o say_v that_o the_o ocean_n have_v spring_n but_o not_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o speak_v concern_v the_o spring_n of_o river_n and_o in_o which_o we_o will_v have_v our_o proposition_n to_o be_v take_v hence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o think_v concern_v that_o question_n viz._n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o perpetual_o so_o remain_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n who_o part_n be_v perpetual_o consume_v and_o generate_v again_o proposition_n viii_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n proceed_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o it_o but_o whence_o they_o may_v exist_v or_o be_v so_o augment_v be_v the_o doubt_n sea-water_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n experlence_n prove_v the_o first_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n by_o which_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o salt_n be_v make_v of_o sea-water_n by_o decoction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o germany_n and_o other_o place_n the_o water_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o fire_n in_o france_n the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n perform_v the_o same_o the_o ocean_n be_v let_v into_o certain_a trench_n make_v in_o which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o month_n the_o water_n be_v exhale_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n make_v of_o salt_n and_o of_o what_o make_v concrete_v and_o hard_a salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o many_o region_n as_o of_o england_n and_o other_o part_n plenty_n of_o bay-salt_n be_v find_v the_o sea-water_n continual_o overflow_a those_o shore_n leave_v daily_o some_o particle_n or_o humour_n from_o which_o the_o water_n exhale_v and_o concrete_a salt_n be_v leave_v who_o blackness_n be_v take_v away_o by_o boil_v although_o it_o be_v wash_v away_o and_o dissolve_v from_o many_o coast_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o it_o be_v not_o find_v on_o all_o coast_n see_v therefore_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v common_a aristotle_n have_v small_a reason_n to_o allege_v a_o false_a experiment_n concern_v a_o waxen_a vessel_n let_v down_o into_o the_o sea_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o proximate_a cause_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n or_o the_o true_a subject_n of_o this_o saltness_n be_v the_o saline_n particle_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n therefore_o the_o aristotelian_o with_o their_o master_n speak_v improper_o and_o obscured_o without_o cause_n when_o they_o defend_v and_o say_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n proceed_v from_o the_o adustion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o the_o adust_a particle_n but_o of_o this_o more_o anon_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n and_o controversy_n be_v concern_v the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o proposition_n whence_o these_o salt_n particle_n of_o the_o ocean_n exist_v aristotle_n suppose_v that_o dry_a exhalation_n or_o fume_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o adust_a and_o saline_n nature_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v mix_v with_o humid_a vapour_n and_o when_o that_o these_o have_v meet_v together_o in_o rain_n they_o fall_v with_o these_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o thence_o proceed_v the_o saltness_n and_o salt_n particle_n in_o the_o sea_n 7._o see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 7._o and_o on_o this_o account_n he_o seem_v to_o defend_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o from_o thence_o he_o may_v render_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o salt_n but_o other_o peripatetic_n will_v have_v it_o and_o so_o do_v endeavour_v to_o draw_v aristotle_n to_o their_o part_n that_o this_o saltness_n be_v in_o the_o sea_n itself_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v perpetual_o scorch_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n a_o sign_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n be_v find_v by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o deep_a or_o remote_a from_o the_o superficies_n for_o in_o the_o superficies_n we_o discover_v it_o to_o be_v most_o salt_n both_o these_o opinion_n be_v obstruct_v with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o absurdity_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v wonderful_a that_o the_o mind_n of_o philosopher_n and_o learned_a man_n can_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o first_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v thus_o obstruct_a that_o salt-rain_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ocean_n which_o never_o yet_o be_v find_v to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o taste_n of_o salt_n second_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v less_o salt_n when_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o yet_o be_v find_v the_o other_o opinion_n have_v these_o difficulty_n 1._o it_o be_v false_a that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v the_o less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o bottom_n for_o there_o be_v few_o place_n viz._n in_o those_o bottom_n where_o spring_n of_o fresh_a water_n do_v flow_v 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o fresh_a water_n although_o long_o expose_v to_o the_o sun_n or_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n yet_o do_v not_o become_v salt_n this_o objection_n scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v by_o a_o overnice_a subtlety_n for_o he_o say_v that_o this_o happen_v in_o these_o observation_n by_o reason_n of_o
the_o exiguity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o do_v not_o grow_v thick_a but_o resolve_v for_o although_o you_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o you_o provoke_v with_o a_o light_n and_o gentle_a fire_n that_o the_o resolution_n may_v be_v impede_v yet_o the_o water_n acquire_v no_o salt_n taste_v 3._o lake_n and_o marsh_n though_o heat_v by_o the_o sun_n yet_o wax_v not_o salt_n this_o objection_n also_o scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v say_v that_o this_o happen_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o those_o stand_a pool_n and_o lake_n which_o only_o proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n dissolve_v where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o that_o refuge_n of_o succession_n for_o those_o lake_n be_v rather_o dry_v when_o that_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a space_n than_o turn_v into_o salt_n or_o render_v salt_n therefore_o reject_v those_o false_a opinion_n concern_v the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o ocean_n let_v we_o lay_v hold_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n with_o little_a or_o no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o viz._n 1._o that_o these_o particle_n be_v coeternal_a with_o the_o very_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v no_o more_o dispute_v concern_v their_o original_n than_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o the_o earth_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o original_n and_o generation_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o if_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v less_o complacent_fw-la we_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o another_o viz._n that_o these_o salt_n particle_n be_v here_o and_o there_o pull_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o dissolve_v into_o water_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o saline_a mountain_n or_o rock_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n rock_n isle_n of_o ormus_n a_o salt_n rock_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o ormus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o white_a and_o hard_a salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n and_o therefore_o no_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o that_o isle_n and_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a how_o that_o many_o mine_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n and_o we_o have_v relate_v concern_v some_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n but_o we_o need_v not_o particular_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o whole_a earth_n it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o salt_n for_o it_o have_v its_o consistency_n from_o salt_n for_o the_o chemical_a philosopher_n do_v right_o prove_v that_o the_o consistency_n and_o compaction_n of_o every_o thing_n proceed_v from_o salt_n and_o experience_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assertion_n for_o if_o that_o you_o take_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n much_o salt_n will_v be_v find_v in_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v against_o this_o opinion_n that_o be_v of_o any_o value_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o refute_v for_o some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o those_o salt_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v perpetual_o suffice_v and_o shall_v not_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o continual_o take_v away_o some_o part_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o consume_v in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o much_o instauration_n and_o if_o that_o any_o be_v consume_v yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o be_v lay_v up_o in_o another_o place_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ix_o whether_o that_o water_n be_v the_o fresh_a in_o the_o ocean_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o bottom_n and_o why_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n sea_n of_o the_o freshness_n of_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n unto_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o experience_n do_v not_o testify_v concern_v that_o sweetness_n but_o in_o some_o place_n of_o which_o the_o other_o question_n speak_v that_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n i_o have_v sufficient_o say_v for_o it_o can_v natural_o be_v that_o the_o more_o salt-water_n shall_v exist_v above_o water_n less_o salt_n see_v that_o that_o be_v more_o heavy_a those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v to_o spring_v at_o the_o bottom_n may_v be_v collect_v by_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a from_o the_o writer_n of_o geography_n proposition_n x._o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n become_v less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o more_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o torrid_a zone_n although_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n yet_o the_o proposition_n admit_v of_o some_o exception_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o inequality_n in_o saltness_n be_v sixfold_a place_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o different_a place_n 1._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n lift_v up_o more_o vapour_n from_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o cloud_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n which_o be_v the_o vapour_n of_o freshwater_n because_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o gravity_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o lift_v up_o see_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o much_o the_o vapour_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n that_o be_v lest_o be_v find_v more_o salt_n there_o than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o freshwater_n separate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weak_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_n the_o second_o cause_n 2._o the_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o heat_n or_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o same_o numerical_a water_n or_o salt_n meat_n as_o also_o pickle_a meat_n sauce_n and_o the_o like_a afford_v a_o more_o sensible_a saltness_n to_o the_o taste_n when_o they_o be_v eat_v hot_a than_o when_o cold_a for_o the_o heat_n or_o particle_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v move_v and_o render_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o salt_n contain_v in_o such_o meat_n more_o acute_a and_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o admixture_n whence_o they_o bite_v and_o prick_v the_o tongue_n more_o sharp_o now_o because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o more_o hot_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o every_o day_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o water_n though_o they_o shall_v contain_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o they_o must_v seem_v and_o appear_v so_o much_o the_o salt_a to_o the_o taste_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o they_o have_v less_o sensible_a salt_n cause_n the_o 3d_o cause_n 3._o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o more_o or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v not_o pit_n of_o salt_n in_o they_o all_o neither_o where_o they_o be_v find_v be_v there_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n must_v be_v hold_v concern_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o sea_n wash_v or_o cover_v that_o be_v the_o channel_n or_o the_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v therefore_o most_o quantity_n of_o salt_n or_o mineral_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n there_o the_o water_n be_v more_o salt_n because_o that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o isle_n of_o ormus_n consist_v all_o of_o salt_n therefore_o the_o adjacent_a ocean_n have_v very_a salt_n water_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o channel_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o more_o saline_a mine_n than_o in_o the_o north_n be_v very_o doubtful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o observation_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a unto_o some_o that_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o those_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o
salt_n but_o this_o be_v a_o deceitful_a sign_n cause_n the_o four_o cause_n 4._o the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a saltness_n be_v the_o frequency_n or_o scarcity_n of_o rains_n unto_o which_o we_o may_v add_v snow_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n snow_n and_o rain_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o be_v less_o frequent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o othersome_a they_o be_v almost_o continual_a and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o salt_n on_o the_o shore_n and_o have_v less_o salt_n in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o dry_a month_n yea_o in_o many_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n the_o ocean_n be_v fresh_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n for_o this_o very_a reason_n in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o same_o ocean_n be_v of_o a_o various_a saltness_n yet_o because_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o rain_n and_o snow_n be_v continual_a throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n therefore_o this_o sea_n be_v less_o salt_n than_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n cause_n the_o 5_o cause_n 5._o the_o five_o cause_n be_v the_o dissimilary_a solution_n or_o unequal_a faculty_n of_o the_o water_n to_o dissolve_v this_o salt_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o its_o self_n for_o hot_a water_n soon_o unit_v salt_n unto_o itself_o then_o cold_a water_n although_o therefore_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o shore_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o same_o contain_v more_o or_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v yet_o because_o the_o water_n be_v there_o more_o cold_a it_o be_v not_o so_o able_a to_o dissolve_v and_o unite_v the_o salt_n to_o itself_o so_o subtle_o we_o the_o water_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o be_v more_o hot_a cause_n the_o 6_o cause_n 6._o the_o six_o cause_n be_v the_o exoneration_n of_o many_o and_o great_a river_n into_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o cause_n only_o take_v place_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n but_o be_v not_o discover_v in_o the_o remote_a part_n so_o mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o brasilia_n where_o the_o silver-river_n disburthen_v itself_o lose_v it_o saltness_n and_o afford_v fresh_a water_n fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o african_a ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o congi_n where_o the_o river_n zaire_n exonerate_v itself_o and_o of_o many_o more_o river_n unto_o these_o add_v run_v fountain_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n these_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o variety_n and_o diversity_n of_o saltness_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o the_o saltness_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v explain_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a and_o northern_a ocean_n be_v less_o apt_a to_o separate_v salt_n from_o itself_o by_o coction_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n the_o canary_n isle_n and_o that_o of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi whence_o the_o dutch_a fetch_v salt_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o transport_v it_o into_o the_o northern_a region_n viz._n this_o ocean_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o other_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n yet_o i_o can_v deny_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o channel_n themselves_o to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o saline_a the_o sea-water_n at_o guinee_n in_o the_o ethiopic_a ocean_n afford_v salt_n at_o one_o coction_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n such_o as_o neither_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n nor_o any_o other_o in_o europe_n do_v produce_v at_o one_o coction_n or_o boil_a proposition_n xi_o why_o rain-water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v sweet_a but_o the_o water_n which_o we_o separate_v from_o the_o marine_a or_o salt-water_n either_o by_o decoction_n or_o distillation_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o find_v salt_n when_o yet_o the_o rain-water_n proceed_v from_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o sea_n salt-water_n freshwater_n abstract_v from_o salt-water_n the_o learned_a chemist_n or_o true_a naturalist_n have_v hitherto_o labour_v in_o vain_a that_o they_o may_v find_v out_o a_o art_n by_o which_o they_o may_v distil_v and_o abstract_n fresh_a water_n from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o will_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n but_o as_o yet_o their_o labour_n have_v prove_v fruitless_a for_o although_o as_o well_o in_o the_o decoction_n as_o distillation_n salt_n may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o water_n separate_v by_o decoction_n as_o well_o as_o distillation_n be_v yet_o find_v salt_n and_o not_o fit_a for_o man_n to_o drink_v which_o seem_v wonderful_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n yet_o chemistry_n that_o be_v true_a philosophy_n have_v teach_v the_o reason_n for_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a salt_n in_o body_n or_o two_o kind_n of_o salt_n which_o although_o they_o agree_v in_o taste_n yet_o they_o much_o differ_v in_o other_o quality_n one_o of_o these_o artist_n term_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n the_o fix_a salt_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n be_v not_o elevate_v in_o distillation_n but_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n and_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o subtle_a spirit_n that_o be_v elevate_v by_o a_o very_a light_a fire_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o distillation_n ascend_v with_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o be_v more_o firm_o unite_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o atom_n neither_o be_v this_o volatile_a salt_n find_v only_o with_o fix_a salt_n in_o sea-water_n but_o almost_o in_o all_o body_n as_o chemistry_n prove_v by_o experience_n but_o in_o some_o in_o a_o great_a and_o in_o othersome_a in_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n in_o sharp_a taste_v herb_n in_o a_o lesser_a in_o oily_a herb_n therefore_o difficulty_n consist_v in_o the_o separation_n of_o this_o salt_n spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n from_o the_o water_n but_o why_o the_o pluvial_a water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o less_o fresh_a than_o on_o the_o land_n see_v that_o yet_o it_o be_v generate_v by_o abstraction_n of_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o ocean_n cause_v by_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n which_o evaporation_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o distillation_n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v fourfold_o 1._o a_o slow_a operation_n by_o which_o the_o tenuous_a part_n be_v only_o elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n which_o although_o it_o contain_v a_o saline_a volatile_a spirit_n yet_o it_o have_v it_o in_o less_o quantity_n than_o if_o that_o this_o exhalation_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o more_o forcible_a heat_n 2._o the_o long_a way_n that_o this_o vapour_n pass_v through_o before_o that_o it_o arrive_v unto_o that_o region_n of_o the_o air_n where_o it_o be_v condensated_a into_o rain_n in_o passage_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v by_o degree_n separate_v from_o the_o watery_a particle_n 3._o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o watery_a particle_n exist_v in_o the_o air_n 4._o a_o refrigeration_n coition_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o vapour_n for_o these_o exhalation_n exhale_v from_o the_o ocean_n by_o degree_n be_v more_o and_o more_o refrigerated_a and_o be_v conjoin_v with_o other_o obvious_a and_o admix_v vapour_n they_o condense_a into_o a_o more_o thick_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n in_o this_o refrigeration_n and_o condensation_n or_o coition_n of_o the_o saline_a spirit_n with_o the_o fiery_a particle_n they_o fly_v into_o the_o more_o exalt_a part_n of_o the_o air._n now_o why_o the_o same_o be_v not_o perform_v in_o distillation_n where_o the_o vapour_n exalt_v be_v also_o condense_v the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a passage_n the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v as_o yet_o over_o strait_o conjoin_v to_o the_o watery_a particle_n 2._o that_o the_o vapour_n restrain_v in_o the_o vessel_n admit_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o evolant_fw-la spirit_n proposition_n xii_o sea-water_n be_v more_o ponderous_a than_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o water_n of_o one_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o another_o water_n sea_n water_n more_o heavy_a than_o fresh_a water_n the_o cause_n be_v manifest_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v
by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n water_n contain_v a_o fix_a salt_n which_o be_v a_o far_o more_o weighty_a body_n than_o fresh_a water_n and_o we_o have_v show_v that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o divers_a quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o water_n be_v more_o heavy_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n which_o do_v not_o augment_v the_o gravity_n but_o lessen_v it_o and_o yet_o render_v the_o water_n very_a salt_n proposition_n xiii_o salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o easy_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a or_o a_o great_a dègree_n of_o cold_a be_v require_v to_o the_o congelation_n of_o sea_n water_n than_o of_o fresh_a fresh_a salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o soon_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a experience_v sufficient_o show_v this_o against_o the_o aristotelian_o who_o defend_v that_o water_n be_v so_o much_o the_o lesser_a obnoxious_a to_o congelation_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o pure_a and_o therefore_o shall_v more_o easy_o congeal_v as_o recede_v more_o from_o the_o elementary_a water_n which_o be_v false_a now_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o in_o the_o salt_n itself_o their_o be_v a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o resist_v congelation_n and_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o salt_n admit_v of_o no_o congelation_n from_o the_o hard_a frost_n as_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n know_v for_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v a_o medicament_n sufficient_o know_v and_o of_o frequent_a use_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o big_a see_v that_o it_o receive_v so_o many_o river_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o the_o water_n return_v to_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o river_n as_o shall_v be_v explicate_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 2._o because_o that_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o many_o be_v resolve_v into_o rain_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o part_n on_o the_o land_n proposition_n xv._o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n differ_v in_o colour_n colour_n the_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n in_o all_o place_n not_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o colour_n experience_n testify_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o sea_n seem_v of_o a_o more_o black_a colour_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o a_o duskish_a colour_n in_o other_o place_n of_o a_o blue_a about_o certain_a shore_n of_o new_a guinee_n the_o ocean_n be_v find_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n in_o some_o other_o place_n of_o a_o yellow_a in_o streights_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o incline_v to_o white_a at_o the_o shore_n of_o congi_n not_o far_o from_o bay_a a_o d'alvaro_n gonzales_n a_o rivulet_n or_o a_o arm_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n of_o somewhat_o a_o redish_n colour_n take_v from_o a_o mine_n of_o red_a earth_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v but_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n call_v therefore_o the_o red_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o property_n of_o the_o colour_n some_o will_v have_v the_o denomination_n take_v from_o king_n erythreus_n other_o from_o the_o splendour_n which_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n repercuss_v do_v effect_n but_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n and_o that_o which_o be_v confirm_v from_o experience_n be_v that_o the_o redness_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o sand_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v frequent_o admix_v with_o the_o water_n it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o red_a sea_n only_o red_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o red_a sâ—â—â—â—_n in_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o admixture_n which_o seem_v contrary_a to_o the_o ponderousness_n of_o sand_n be_v the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o water_n or_o its_o swiftness_n and_o agitation_n in_o this_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n be_v agitate_a and_o move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o so_o hinder_v by_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v rest_v mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o sea_n sometime_o appear_v as_o red_a as_o blood_n but_o if_o take_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n the_o sand_n will_v sink_v down_o and_o then_o the_o water_n appear_v otherwise_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o storm_n from_o the_o red_a sea_n rush_v into_o arabia_n or_o africa_n carry_v with_o they_o so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o sand_n and_o cast_v it_o on_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o cover_v whole_a troop_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n whence_o proceed_v the_o true_a mummy_n whether_o from_o the_o same_o or_o another_o cause_n the_o sea_n between_o california_n and_o america_n be_v term_v red_a vermejo_n i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o writer_n proposition_n xvi_o certain_a peculiar_a thing_n be_v find_v in_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n place_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o ocean_n peculiar_a to_o certain_a place_n the_o sea_n term_v diego_n sargasso_n by_o the_o portugal_n which_o begin_v not_o far_o from_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o salt_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o 20_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n unto_o the_o 34th_o of_o south_n latitude_n the_o colour_n of_o this_o sea_n seem_v to_o be_v green_a which_o be_v not_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o but_o of_o a_o certain_a small_a leave_a herb_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o call_v by_o the_o portugal_n sargasso_n the_o leaf_n of_o this_o weed_n mutual_o complicate_v one_o into_o another_o swim_v on_o the_o face_n of_o this_o ocean_n in_o so_o continue_v a_o tract_n that_o the_o water_n can_v hardly_o be_v see_v so_o that_o the_o seaman_n afar_o off_o discover_v this_o ocean_n take_v it_o for_o a_o island_n and_o green_a land_n neither_o can_v they_o pass_v through_o this_o knot_n of_o weed_n except_o that_o they_o be_v help_v by_o a_o moderate_a wind_n at_o least_o the_o herb_n bear_v a_o small_a berry_n whence_o it_o arise_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v see_v that_o this_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o near_o any_o land_n that_o it_o shall_v have_v its_o original_n from_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o it_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o profundity_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v such_o that_o in_o many_o place_n it_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o any_o line_n or_o cord_n in_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v many_o float_a redlike_a shrub_n of_o a_o great_a thickness_n discover_v unto_o which_o the_o herb_n sargasso_n be_v implicate_v seaman_n take_v it_o for_o a_o certain_a that_o if_o they_o see_v they_o thereabouts_o that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n or_o else_o have_v just_a past_o it_o madagascar_n coral_n find_v on_o the_o shoar_n of_o madagascar_n on_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n the_o ocean_n cast_v up_o red_a and_o white_a coral_n which_o augment_v like_o shrub_n under_o the_o water_n and_o although_o that_o they_o be_v soft_a in_o some_o place_n yet_o between_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n there_o be_v report_v to_o be_v rock_n of_o hard_a coral_n in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n nigh_o to_o the_o shoar_n of_o borussia_n the_o shoar_n cast_v forth_o most_o excellent_a succinum_fw-la which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v teach_v when_o certain_a wind_n do_v blow_n to_o draw_v up_o with_o certain_a iron_n hook_n zone_n amber_n only_o in_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o ocean_n cast_v up_o amber_n only_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n viz._n at_o the_o shoar_n of_o brazile_n where_o a_o piece_n of_o 500_o l._n weight_n be_v take_v up_o by_o a_o dutch_a soldier_n and_o present_v unto_o count_n nassaw_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n at_o cape_n verd_fw-mi at_o the_o isle_n of_o maurice_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n and_o other_o indian_a isle_n garcias_n relate_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o 200_o l._n weight_n be_v find_v yea_o that_o some_o island_n consist_v whole_o of_o amber_n but_o he_o do_v not_o name_v they_o in_o the_o aethiopic_a ocean_n at_o guinea_n congo_n and_o angola_n this_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v that_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o keil_n of_o the_o ship_n whilst_o that_o they_o remain_v there_o green_a cockle_n like_v unto_o grass_n do_v stick_v which_o hinder_v the_o sail_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o eat_v the_o wood_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o languedock_n in_o france_n bird_n unshape_a first_o of_o all_o then_o by_o degree_n they_o receive_v form_n and_o fix_v of_o their_o bill_n in_o the_o wood_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o move_v by_o degree_n they_o be_v pull_v off_o and_o swim_v on_o the_o water_n like_o goose_n the_o excrement_n of_o the_o ocean_n term_v the_o scum_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v float_v in_o
flux_n or_o deflux_n yea_o those_o term_n be_v not_o apt_a enough_o but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o call_v it_o a_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n so_o that_o by_o these_o peculiar_a appellation_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o flux_n or_o motion_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o motion_n or_o flux_n itself_o for_o the_o sea_n always_o flow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o only_o appear_v to_o re-flow_a by_o reason_n that_o when_o in_o one_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o flow_v with_o vehemency_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n afterward_o in_o another_o time_n this_o impetus_fw-la cease_v but_o it_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o reflux_n because_o that_o the_o sea_n seem_v in_o bay_n and_o shore_n to_o draw_v near_o and_o depart_v according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o bay_n and_o shore_n which_o happen_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o motion_n itself_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o coast_n and_o channel_n viz._n that_o the_o water_n do_v return_v back_o to_o a_o contrary_a quarter_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n fall_v down_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o coast_n but_o from_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o neither_o ought_v or_o can_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v regard_v from_o the_o appulse_n to_o the_o shore_n for_o whatsoever_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v or_o unto_o what_o quarter_n soever_o it_o be_v make_v the_o flux_n be_v always_o towards_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o flux_n or_o reflux_n or_o in_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o same_o quarter_n viz._n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o do_v not_o re-flow_a again_o be_v collect_v from_o hence_o first_o that_o in_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n no_o other_o motion_n be_v find_v than_o that_o by_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n second_o in_o the_o strait_n which_o direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o in_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v join_v as_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n manillan_n java_n and_o other_o among_o the_o indian_a isle_n in_o these_o strait_n i_o say_v the_o sea_n indeed_o swell_v and_o fall_v in_o twelve_o hour_n but_o yet_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o detumescency_n do_v flow_v back_o from_o out_o the_o strait_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n therefore_o another_o orifice_n of_o the_o straight_a into_o the_o west_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a sign_n that_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n be_v not_o a_o peculiar_a motion_n but_o a_o modification_n of_o the_o general_a motion_n neither_o do_v the_o sea_n flow_v back_o into_o the_o east_n therefore_o scaliger_n and_o all_o other_o be_v deceive_v which_o here_o introduce_v a_o double_a motion_n replicate_v into_o itself_o but_o yet_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o when_o we_o say_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o cardinal_n quarter_n be_v not_o only_o understand_v but_o also_o those_o quarter_n that_o be_v collateral_a viz._n the_o sea_n be_v move_v also_o by_o this_o flux_n from_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o the_o west_n yea_o unto_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o not_o by_o so_o forcible_a and_o valid_a motion_n proposition_n xi_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n vulgar_o so_o term_v sea_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v almost_o no_o phaenomenon_n of_o nature_n that_o have_v more_o exercise_v the_o wit_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o philosopher_n and_o that_o have_v delude_v more_o endeavour_n some_o have_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n which_o by_o its_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n have_v cause_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n other_o make_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v a_o great_a vortex_n near_o to_o norway_n which_o for_o six_o hour_n suck_v up_o the_o water_n and_o for_o so_o many_o spu_v they_o out_o again_o scaliger_n and_o other_o suppose_v the_o coast_n especial_o those_o of_o america_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o repel_v the_o appulse_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o general_a motion_n but_o many_o when_o that_o they_o discover_v the_o connexion_n of_o this_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n determine_v that_o it_o only_o depend_v on_o that_o but_o how_o this_o shall_v be_v be_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a task_n to_o discover_v see_v that_o they_o reply_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o moon_n do_v attract_v upward_o humour_n by_o a_o occult_a quality_n and_o sympathy_n but_o these_o be_v only_a word_n which_o signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o moon_n after_o some_o mode_n that_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o but_o this_o be_v the_o mode_n demand_v cartesius_n deduce_v it_o from_o his_o general_a hypothesis_n after_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o diagram_n of_o the_o nine_o proposition_n be_v take_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o which_o let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v that_o vortex_n which_o have_v the_o earth_n for_o its_o centre_n which_o with_o it_o and_o with_o the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a vortex_n about_o the_o sun_n m_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n e_o f_o g_o h_o the_o earth_n 1234_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o which_o for_o the_o great_a perspicuity_n we_o do_v suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v encompass_v on_o every_o side_n and_o 5678_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n encompass_v of_o the_o sea_n now_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o moon_n in_o this_o vortex_n the_o point_n t_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aught_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n m_o which_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o vortex_n but_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o this_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n t_o oughts_z to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o d_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o celestial_a matter_n of_o this_o vortex_n be_v somewhat_o more_o quick_a move_v than_o the_o moon_n or_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o except_o that_o the_o point_n t_n be_v a_o little_a more_o distant_a from_o b_o than_z from_z d_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o moon_n will_v hinder_v that_o that_o shall_v not_o so_o free_o flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o so_o see_v that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o vortex_n be_v not_o determinate_v excâ—â—â—_n from_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v about_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o ought_v somewhat_o to_o approach_v towards_o d._n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n when_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v in_o c_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v between_o m_n and_o a_o and_o so_o always_o the_o earth_n depart_v a_o little_a from_o the_o moon_n moreover_o because_o by_o this_o mean_n from_o this_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v towards_o b_o not_o only_o the_o space_n through_o which_o the_o celestial_a matter_n flow_v between_o b_o and_o t_o but_o also_o that_o space_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v between_o t_n and_o d_o be_v render_v more_o angust_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o celestial_a matter_n there_o flow_v more_o swift_o and_o therefore_o do_v more_o press_v both_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o air_n in_o 6_o and_o 8_o and_o also_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n in_o 2_o and_o 4_o than_o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o in_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o vortex_n b_o d_o now_o see_v that_o both_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v fluid_a and_o easy_o obnoxious_a to_o this_o pression_n they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v so_o high_a above_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n f_o and_o h_n as_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v without_o this_o diameter_n b_o d_o and_o so_o also_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v high_o towards_o g_o and_z e_z so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n 1_o and_o 3_o and_o of_o the_o air_n 5_o and_o 7_o do_v there_o protuberate_v now_o because_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v now_o in_o f_o on_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n of_o the_o point_n b_o where_o the_o sea_n be_v very_o little_a high_a after_o six_o hour_n it_o will_v be_v in_o g_o on_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o point_n c_o where_o it_o be_v most_o high_a and_o after_o other_o six_o hour_n in_o h_n on_o the_o region_n of_o
place_n may_v make_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n fix_v in_o another_o place_n time_n the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o divers_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n so_o between_o the_o isle_n celebe_n and_o madera_n when_o that_o the_o motion_n be_v west_n viz._n in_o december_n january_n and_o february_n the_o sea_n flow_v to_o the_o south_n east_n or_o a_o more_o near_o collateral_a wind_n than_o the_o east_n so_o at_o java_n in_o the_o straight_a gallappa_n when_o the_o motion_n be_v west_n viz._n in_o may_n the_o sea_n flow_v towards_o the_o east_n contrary_a to_o his_o general_a motion_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o ceilan_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o march_n to_o october_n the_o sea_n flow_v towards_o the_o south_n on_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o month_n towards_o the_o north_n viz._n because_o that_o in_o those_o month_n the_o north_n wind_n be_v frequent_a in_o other_o the_o south_n wind_n between_o cochin_n and_o mallacca_n the_o sea_n flow_v with_o a_o western_o motion_n from_o april_n to_o august_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n towards_o the_o east_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o wind_n assist_v the_o general_a motion_n the_o sea_n flow_v here_o with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n that_o those_o who_o know_v not_o the_o same_o suppose_v rock_n to_o be_v there_o against_o which_o the_o water_n beat_v so_o for_o some_o month_n after_o the_o 15_o of_o february_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o the_o maldivian_n isle_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o india_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n and_o camboja_n in_o october_n november_n and_o december_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o north-west_n but_o in_o january_n towards_o the_o south-west_n with_o a_o very_a swift_a course_n to_o the_o sand_n de_fw-fr champa_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o exceed_v the_o celerity_n of_o a_o stone_n that_o be_v slinge_v at_o pulo_n cato_n even_o unto_o varella_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o camboja_n when_o motion_n or_o wind_n do_v not_o blow_v the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v towards_o the_o south_n but_o the_o motion_n or_o wind_n move_v towards_o another_o quarter_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n from_o patana_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o malacca_n in_o november_n and_o december_n a_o swift_a course_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v observe_v towards_o the_o south_n in_o a_o motion_n or_o wind_n from_o china_n to_o malacca_n in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n there_o be_v a_o vehement_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o pulo_n cato_n to_o pulo_n cambir_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o camboja_n many_o more_o example_n but_o less_o accurate_o consign_v be_v to_o be_v read_v in_o the_o journal_o of_o the_o mariner_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o aguada_n de_fw-it san_fw-it bras_fw-fr not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n this_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o land_n so_o much_o the_o more_o vehement_o by_o how_o much_o the_o occidental_a wind_n opposite_a unto_o it_o be_v more_o violent_a questionless_a some_o adjacent_a coast_n high_o than_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o proposition_n xxxi_o threefold_a the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v threefold_a the_o cirçular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n term_v whirlpool_n and_o vortices_fw-la be_v threefold_a for_o some_o only_o move_v the_o water_n in_o a_o round_a othersome_a suck_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o certain_a hour_n let_v it_o forth_o again_o and_o other_o suck_v it_o in_o but_o cast_v it_o not_o forth_o although_o without_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o four_o sort_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o cast_v out_o and_o suck_v not_o in_o the_o water_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v in_o any_o author_n such_o a_o vortex_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n but_o many_o be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n the_o chalcidican_n euripus_n or_o vortex_n be_v famous_a in_o greece_n especial_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fable_n concern_v the_o death_n of_o aristotle_n it_o receive_v water_n at_o certain_a hour_n and_o cast_v they_o out_o in_o other_o the_o vortex_n at_o norway_n be_v the_o most_o note_a and_o great_a of_o all_o for_o it_o be_v relate_v to_o be_v 13_o mile_n in_o circuit_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o be_v a_o rock_n call_v mouske_n this_o vorago_fw-la in_o six_o hour_n suck_v in_o all_o that_o approach_v near_o it_o as_o water_n whale_n lade_v ship_n and_o in_o so_o many_o hour_n vomit_v they_o all_o out_o again_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n noise_n and_o circumgyration_n of_o water_n the_o cause_n be_v unknown_a between_o normandy_n and_o england_n be_v a_o vorago_fw-la or_o whirlpool_n unto_o which_o ship_n be_v carry_v with_o a_o great_a swiftness_n and_o be_v near_o the_o whirlpool_n be_v repel_v back_o again_o proposition_n xxxii_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o we_o call_v a_o concussion_n or_o tremble_v come_v from_o a_o spiration_n or_o wind_n which_o move_v the_o earth_n or_o water_n itself_o and_o cause_v it_o to_o rise_v cause_n of_o the_o concâ—ssion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o cause_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n be_v a_o place_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v capbreton_n there_o sometime_o the_o sea_n swell_v without_o any_o wind_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o overflow_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o on_o a_o sudden_a fall_v low_a the_o like_a intumescency_n be_v find_v in_o a_o lake_n of_o scotland_n call_v loumond_n move_v by_o a_o subterranean_a wind_n the_o portugal_n in_o anno_fw-la 1523_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o cambaja_n discover_v a_o tremble_a of_o the_o water_n for_o in_o a_o great_a calm_n as_o maffeus_n write_v all_o wind_n be_v still_o the_o sea_n on_o a_o sudden_a swell_v from_o the_o bottom_n thence_o the_o ship_n begin_v to_o roll_n and_o to_o fall_v foul_a of_o one_o another_o to_o their_o great_a astonishment_n now_o in_o this_o great_a confusion_n and_o disturbance_n some_o cast_v the_o lead_n some_o pump_v other_o more_o wise_a bethink_v themselves_o of_o escape_v and_o get_v barrel_n on_o which_o they_o may_v swim_v but_o on_o a_o instant_a it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o earthquake_n which_o thus_o also_o disturb_v the_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n proposition_n xxxiii_o why_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n be_v more_o calm_a and_o without_o great_a flood_n or_o wave_n and_o why_o it_o be_v easy_o move_v or_o rough_a with_o a_o wind_n the_o cause_n without_o doubt_n be_v because_o its_o motion_n towards_o the_o west_n be_v not_o hinder_v by_o the_o intercourse_n of_o shore_n as_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n be_v chap._n xv._o of_o lake_n pool_n or_o stand_v water_n and_o marsh_n proposition_n i._o definition_n lake_n of_o lake_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o any_o cavity_n of_o a_o mediterranean_a place_n of_o a_o notable_a amplitude_n and_o tract_n on_o all_o side_n encompass_v with_o the_o land_n and_o at_o the_o least_o have_v a_o moderate_a profundity_n but_o more_o proper_o that_o be_v term_v a_o lake_n which_o receive_v in_o and_o let_v forth_o river_n a_o pool_n be_v a_o small_a lake_n pool_n pool_n which_o do_v never_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o river_n a_o marish_a be_v water_n in_o a_o mediterranean_a place_n marsh_n marsh_n here_o and_o there_o have_v the_o land_n extant_a and_o about_o it_o or_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ii_o fourfold_a lake_n be_v fourfold_a lake_n be_v fourfold_a 1._o some_z neither_o send_v forth_o or_o receive_v river_n and_o such_o lake_n if_o small_a be_v term_v pool_n but_o if_o large_a they_o be_v call_v lake_n 2._o some_o send_v forth_o river_n but_o receive_v none_o 3._o other_o receive_v river_n and_o send_v forth_o none_o and_o 4._o some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n and_o some_o of_o those_o send_v forth_o great_a than_o they_o receive_v some_o equal_a and_o some_o lesser_a also_o some_o send_v forth_o a_o river_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o line_n with_o that_o which_o they_o receive_v other_o in_o another_o line_n or_o to_o another_o quarter_n also_o some_o receive_v more_o than_o they_o send_v forth_o some_o more_o few_o and_o some_o equal_a proposition_n iii_o to_o declare_v the_o generation_n and_o conservation_n of_o those_o lake_n which_o neither_o send_v forth_o nor_o receive_v river_n those_o lake_n be_v either_o great_a moderate_a or_o small_a some_o of_o the_o moderate_a and_o small_a perpetual_o remain_v so_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o when_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v for_o a_o long_a space_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o both_o these_o be_v term_v pool_n now_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o declare_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o that_o be_v dry_v up_o viz._n the_o plenty_n of_o
forth_o none_o it_o be_v seventy_o mile_n long_o and_o five_o broad_a 3._o a_o small_a one_o in_o asia_n minor_fw-la 4._o a_o small_a one_o in_o macedonia_n call_v janna_n which_o receive_v little_a river_n 5._o the_o lake_n of_o geneva_n 6._o a_o lake_n in_o persia_n 7._o the_o lake_n soran_n in_o moscovia_n which_o receive_v two_o small_a rivulet_n 8._o the_o river_n ghir_n in_o africa_n rise_v in_o mount_n atlas_n end_v in_o a_o lake_n as_o leo_n africanus_n write_v and_o so_o some_o map_n do_v represent_v it_o but_o other_o bring_v the_o river_n into_o nubia_n proposition_n vi_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o lake_n which_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n river_n of_o lake_n which_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n there_o be_v a_o threefold_a difference_n of_o they_o as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n for_o either_o they_o receive_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o they_o send_v forth_o or_o a_o equal_a quantity_n or_o a_o lesser_a if_o that_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o lake_n have_v occult_a spring_n if_o less_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o there_o be_v secret_a aqueduct_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o a_o spongious_a earth_n but_o if_o it_o be_v equal_a we_o gather_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o occult_a aqueduct_v nor_o hide_a spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o generation_n therefore_o be_v partly_o the_o same_o which_o we_o show_v in_o the_o four_o proposition_n viz._n the_o cavity_n and_o depression_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n unto_o which_o be_v adjoin_v occult_a spring_n and_o much_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o ice_n help_v on_o the_o same_o those_o that_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o influx_n of_o one_o river_n they_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_a tract_n of_o the_o river_n and_o render_v the_o river_n direct_o and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n so_o the_o river_n niger_n make_v four_o lake_n in_o its_o passage_n the_o nile_n make_v many_o lake_n in_o its_o passage_n which_o the_o map_n do_v not_o show_v the_o river_n duina_n pa_v through_o six_o or_o seven_o at_o least_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v other_o river_n in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n in_o the_o great_a map_n to_o make_v sixteen_o lake_n before_o that_o they_o come_v to_o their_o mouth_n but_o it_o be_v best_o to_o consider_v those_o which_o produce_v other_o river_n than_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o most_o famous_a for_o magnitude_n be_v these_o zaire_n the_o lake_n zaire_n 1._o zaire_n a_o lake_n of_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n lie_v between_o the_o thirteen_o and_o six_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n and_o therefore_o in_o longitude_n have_v 105_o mile_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o island_n beside_o other_o small_a one_o of_o that_o magnitude_n that_o they_o can_v bring_v into_o the_o field_n at_o least_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o thousand_o fight_a man_n this_o isle_n do_v in_o a_o manner_n twice_o cut_v the_o lake_n so_o that_o one_o part_n be_v account_v for_o a_o peculiar_a lake_n it_o be_v call_v zembre_n from_o this_o lake_n flow_v three_o mighty_a river_n nile_n cuama_n and_o zaire_n but_o certain_a small_a rivulet_n do_v flow_v into_o the_o same_o which_o do_v not_o only_o seem_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o great_a of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o have_v certain_a spring_n at_o the_o bottom_n although_o the_o inundation_n to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o be_v the_o shower_n that_o fall_v in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n zaflan_n the_o lake_n zaflan_n 2._o zaflan_n a_o lake_n not_o far_o from_o zaire_n between_o the_o ten_o and_o six_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n and_o therefore_o about_o sixty_o mile_n in_o longitude_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o branch_n into_o the_o nile_n and_o receive_v small_a river_n sachaf_n the_o lake_n sachaf_n 3._o the_o lake_n sachaf_n not_o far_o from_o zaire_n towards_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n send_v forth_o a_o rivulet_n which_o be_v augment_v with_o other_o water_n at_o length_n make_v the_o river_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n it_o receive_v small_a river_n aquilunda_n the_o lake_n aquilunda_n 4._o the_o lake_n aquilunda_n receive_v a_o branch_n from_o the_o lake_n zaire_n and_o send_v forth_o many_o river_n into_o congo_n onega_n the_o lake_n onega_n 5._o onega_n a_o lake_n in_o finland_n between_o the_o 60_o and_o 63_o degree_n of_o latitude_n have_v 44_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 30_o in_o breadth_n where_o it_o be_v at_o the_o broad_a it_o receive_v many_o small_a river_n which_o proceed_v from_o other_o lake_n and_o send_v forth_o the_o moderate_a river_n sueri_n into_o the_o lake_n lodoga_n lodoga_n the_o lake_n lodoga_n 6._o the_o lake_n lodoga_n 30_o mile_n long_o and_o 15_o broad_a it_o receive_v the_o river_n sueri_fw-la from_o onega_n and_o many_o lesser_a from_o other_o place_n a_o moderate_a one_o from_o ilman_n a_o note_a lake_n in_o moscovia_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o river_n into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n osera_n the_o lake_n osera_n 7._o the_o lake_n osera_n receive_v the_o river_n kousam_n and_o other_o and_o send_v forth_o sosnam_n which_o rune_v into_o the_o volga_n enaraok_n the_o lake_n enaraok_n 8._o enaraok_v a_o lake_n or_o marish_a in_o lapland_n in_o length_n 40_o mile_n in_o breadth_n 15_o it_o receive_v the_o river_n avilan_n and_o other_o lesser_a river_n and_o send_v forth_o the_o river_n paes_n into_o the_o lappian_n sea_n ula_fw-la the_o lake_n ula_fw-la 9_o vla_n a_o lake_n in_o moscovia_n 30_o mile_n long_o and_o 15_o broad_a it_o have_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o a_o island_n as_o in_o the_o lake_n zaire_n it_o receive_v a_o river_n that_o pass_v through_o 10_o lake_n and_o send_v forth_o a_o famous_a river_n there_o be_v many_o more_o in_o moscovia_n finland_n and_o norway_n china_n lake_n in_o china_n 10._o in_o china_n be_v four_o famous_a lake_n which_o receive_v river_n and_o again_o distribute_v they_o into_o divers_a part_n brasil_n lake_n in_o brasil_n 11._o in_o brasil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o china_n be_v the_o lake_n euparia_n and_o puerto_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la reyes_n in_o which_o the_o river_n argenta_n and_o omoranna_n do_v meet_v and_o pass_v through_o proposition_n vii_o many_o lake_n contain_v fresh_a water_n very_o few_o salt_n or_o marine_n salt_n divers_a lake_n contain_v freshwater_n very_o few_o salt_n those_o that_o have_v their_o be_v from_o rains_n or_o rivers_n as_o also_o those_o that_o have_v their_o own_o proper_a spring_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n but_o those_o that_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o inundation_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o a_o certain_a passage_n be_v salt_n as_o also_o some_o which_o have_v spring_n of_o salt-water_n in_o the_o bottom_n so_o the_o lake_n harlem_n and_o other_o in_o holland_n be_v salt_n there_o be_v a_o salt_n lake_n find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n in_o peru_n in_o cuba_n which_o have_v two_o league_n in_o circuitâ—_n â—scituate_a not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o it_o receive_v certain_a river_n of_o freshwater_n and_o breed_v fish_n and_o tortoise_n yet_o it_o be_v salt_n so_o the_o lake_n asphaltites_n although_o it_o receive_v the_o freshwater_n of_o jordan_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o sweet_a but_o send_v forth_o so_o stink_v and_o violent_a a_o vapour_n that_o the_o circumjacent_a land_n for_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n be_v barren_a proposition_n viii_o whether_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v a_o lake_n streight_n or_o gulf_n of_o the_o ocean_n gulf_n the_o caspian_a sea_n whether_o a_o lake_n streight_n or_o gulf_n some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v proper_o term_v a_o sea_n but_o no_o sea_n can_v proper_o be_v term_v a_o sea_n except_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v except_o it_o do_v adhere_v to_o the_o ocean_n by_o some_o manifest_a tract_n but_o they_o will_v have_v it_o join_v to_o the_o ocean_n by_o some_o subterraneous_a passage_n the_o ancient_n indeed_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v join_v with_o the_o indian_a ocean_n other_o with_o the_o northern_a but_o experience_n sufficient_o show_v both_o to_o be_v deceive_v concern_v a_o subterraneous_a passage_n the_o matter_n be_v uncertain_a yet_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v probable_a from_o thence_o that_o it_o receive_v so_o many_o river_n and_o those_o note_v for_o great_a quantity_n which_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o channel_n can_v not_o possible_o contain_v except_o that_o it_o exonerate_v the_o same_o by_o subterraneous_a cavern_n and_o passage_n into_o the_o ocean_n but_o other_o suppose_v that_o quantity_n of_o water_n otherwise_o to_o be_v consume_v viz._n that_o it_o penetrate_v not_o into_o the_o ocean_n but_o into_o the_o vicine_fw-la mountain_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a
number_n and_o almost_o all_o send_v forth_o spring_v scaliger_n and_o other_o assert_v that_o this_o caspian_a sea_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o he_o allege_v no_o probation_n of_o it_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n perpetual_o send_v forth_o water_n in_o great_a abundance_n through_o the_o bosphorus_n which_o abundance_n of_o water_n some_o think_v that_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n but_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o to_o i_o to_o have_v any_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lake_n and_o so_o rather_o to_o be_v call_v than_o a_o sea_n now_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o generate_v be_v a_o great_a difficulty_n some_o say_v that_o great_a mountain_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o its_o bottom_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o have_v its_o saltness_n but_o the_o water_n they_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o this_o lake_n or_o sea_n yet_o although_o these_o water_n make_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o this_o sea_n for_o some_o age_n since_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n neither_o do_v i_o question_v but_o that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n will_v at_o length_n become_v a_o lake_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bosphorus_n be_v obstruct_v proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o lake_n in_o a_o place_n if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a lake_n of_o make_v lake_n it_o may_v be_v do_v if_o that_o there_o be_v a_o river_n in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v or_o that_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v somewhat_o more_o depress_v and_o low_a than_o in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n although_o small_a lake_n may_v be_v also_o make_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n therefore_o the_o place_n must_v be_v hallow_v and_o the_o earth_n dig_v away_o unto_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n and_o amplitude_n as_o we_o require_v and_o its_o side_n must_v be_v fence_v with_o bank_n uphold_v by_o wood_n if_o need_v so_o require_v then_o a_o inlett_n be_v make_v from_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n must_v be_v let_v in_o or_o if_o that_o a_o fountain_n in_o that_o place_n afford_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o that_o inlett_n or_o aqueduct_v proposition_n x._o to_o take_v away_o or_o dry_v up_o a_o lake_n lake_n of_o dry_v up_o of_o lake_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1._o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o lake_n be_v high_o or_o of_o almost_o a_o equal_a depression_n with_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n a_o aqueduct_v be_v make_v the_o water_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o place_n or_o lake_n and_o at_o length_n will_v render_v the_o bottom_n dry_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n assist_v and_o earth_n be_v cast_v in_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v low_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n it_o must_v first_o be_v fence_v with_o a_o trench_n in_o its_o whole_a circuit_n leave_v only_o some_o channel_n or_o open_a passage_n then_o make_v use_n of_o water-mill_n the_o water_n must_v be_v expel_v and_o draw_v out_o and_o then_o the_o bottom_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n and_o dung_n and_o such_o seed_n cast_v in_o which_o sudden_o will_v take_v root_n as_o mustardseed_n colewort_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o mode_n the_o dutch_a very_o well_o know_v how_o to_o drain_v lake_n and_o to_o make_v fruitful_a land_n of_o they_o proposition_n xi_o marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v ouzey_a and_o consist_v of_o a_o mix_a substance_n as_o it_o be_v viz._n of_o water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o footstep_n of_o a_o man_n other_o have_v small_a stand_a pool_n with_o small_a portion_n of_o dry_a land_n here_o and_o there_o sort_n marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o that_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o no_o river_n such_o marsh_n be_v in_o holland_n brabant_n where_o be_v the_o marish_a de_fw-fr peel_n and_o many_o in_o westphalia_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v admix_v but_o many_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v at_o the_o original_n or_o spring_n of_o river_n whence_o some_o be_v wont_a to_o call_v these_o spring_n or_o fountain_n marsh_n as_o the_o marsh_n of_o tanais_n in_o moscovia_n of_o the_o nile_n etc._n etc._n such_o marsh_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o savolax_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n in_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n also_o the_o marsh_n of_o enarack_n the_o chelonides_n marsh_n of_o africa_n the_o marsh_n of_o chaldea_n through_o which_o the_o euphrates_n do_v pass_v these_o marsh_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o wood_n and_o desert_n that_o be_v ericose_v because_o that_o the_o rain_n which_o irrigate_v those_o lane_n and_o collect_v in_o its_o cavity_n be_v not_o attract_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n do_v repel_v its_o ray_n such_o kind_n of_o marsh_n be_v find_v here_o and_o there_o in_o germany_n and_o moscovia_n moreover_o these_o marsh_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n some_o only_o receive_v some_o only_o send_v forth_o and_o some_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v partly_o by_o occult_a spring_n and_o water_n effuse_v before_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o certain_a channel_n and_o also_o from_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v through_o a_o channel_n many_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n marsh_n of_o the_o last_o kind_n probable_o be_v conserve_v and_o spring_n from_o rain_n and_o small_a spring_n aristotle_n call_v the_o palus_n maeotis_n a_o lake_n and_o that_o more_o right_o proposition_n xii_o marsh_n have_v a_o sulphurous_a bituminous_a and_o fat_a earth_n this_o be_v discover_v both_o from_o the_o black_a colour_n and_o from_o the_o reed_n which_o be_v generate_v from_o it_o marsh_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o marsh_n and_o easy_o take_v fire_n as_o be_v find_v in_o holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o such_o substance_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o raise_v of_o the_o earth_n where_o these_o marsh_n do_v exist_v yet_o all_o marsh_n be_v not_o such_o but_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_a and_o hard_a there_o be_v no_o marsh_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o soft_a earth_n there_o for_o a_o certain_a be_v a_o fat_a and_o sulphurous_a substance_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o drain_v marsh_n and_o fen_n fen_n of_o drain_n of_o fen_n although_o some_o fen_n have_v a_o high_a profundity_n yet_o no_o more_o be_v require_v to_o drain_v they_o to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o we_o may_v do_v if_o that_o we_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v away_o by_o some_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v 2._o if_o that_o after_o some_o week_n they_o have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o sun_n we_o cast_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o dry_a earth_n 3._o if_o that_o we_o make_v a_o fire_n upon_o they_o and_o 4._o if_o that_o we_o hinder_v water_n from_o flow_v into_o they_o as_o rain_n and_o the_o like_a chap._n xvi_o of_o river_n in_o general_n proposition_n i._n we_o comprehend_v in_o this_o proposition_n the_o definition_n necessary_a for_o this_o doctrine_n definition_n of_o river_n and_o their_o definition_n 1._o a_o river_n be_v water_n flow_v from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o another_o place_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n and_o within_o its_o channel_n a_o channel_n be_v that_o cavity_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v more_o depress_v and_o low_o than_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o water_n 2._o a_o rivulet_n be_v a_o river_n that_o have_v not_o the_o profundity_n and_o breadth_n as_o to_o admit_v of_o small_a lade_v vessel_n 3._o that_o be_v term_v amnis_fw-la which_o admit_v of_o those_o vessel_n but_o if_o they_o will_v bear_v moderate_a vessel_n great_a one_o lade_v than_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a term_n of_o fluvius_n and_o flumen_n 4._o that_o water_n be_v term_v a_o torrent_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n with_o a_o violence_n 5._o where_o two_o river_n meet_v that_o place_n be_v call_v a_o confluence_n 6._o a_o river_n or_o rivulet_n which_o flow_v from_o another_o be_v term_v a_o branch_n or_o arm_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v for_o such_o a_o arm_n which_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o those_o be_v also_o frequent_o
dissolve_v snow_n and_o this_o they_o take_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o that_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n do_v much_o augment_v the_o river_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o extend_v beyond_o their_o channel_n and_o overflow_v region_n also_o that_o river_n do_v much_o decrease_v and_o some_o lesser_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o dry_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n for_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n have_v fall_v because_o that_o their_o channel_n be_v not_o very_o profound_a and_o therefore_o have_v collect_v little_a water_n but_o those_o that_o have_v a_o deep_a channel_n be_v not_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v gather_v so_o much_o water_n from_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v and_o dissolve_v snow_n so_o that_o all_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o vapour_n except_o by_o a_o daily_a and_o continual_a heat_n 2._o because_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n as_o in_o the_o more_o inward_a part_n of_o africa_n there_o be_v few_o spring_n but_o these_o allegation_n resolve_v not_o the_o question_n because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o demand_v or_o seek_v the_o original_a of_o river_n but_o only_o the_o original_a of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n therefore_o those_o that_o speak_v thus_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o question_n as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n before_o although_o also_o the_o experience_n that_o they_o allege_v be_v not_o general_a because_o that_o there_o be_v river_n find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n and_o no_o snow_n although_o it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o egypt_n which_o they_o assert_v moreover_o rain_n moisten_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o fountain_n spring_v from_o a_o far_o great_a profundity_n seneca_n the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n 2._o other_o suppose_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o demand_v whence_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n do_v arise_v by_o reason_n that_o water_n be_v a_o element_n as_o much_o as_o earth_n air_n and_o fire_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o which_o we_o do_v not_o dispute_v thus_o seneca_n discourse_v but_o other_o author_n cut_v in_o twain_o this_o gordian_a knot_n with_o the_o sword_n of_o alexander_n for_o it_o be_v not_o inquire_v after_o how_o that_o water_n have_v a_o be_v but_o how_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n and_o not_o to_o other_o place_n moreover_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o so_o flow_v forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o for_o the_o air_n it_o be_v false_a that_o we_o shall_v not_o seek_v concern_v it_o as_o they_o determine_v 3._o aristotelian_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o master_n 11._o see_v aristotle_n lino_n 1._o chap._n 11._o who_o in_o the_o whole_a eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o allege_v these_o reason_n 1._o water_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n viz._n rain_n therefore_o see_v that_o air_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o condensation_n viz._n cold_a therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v absurd_a for_o any_o one_o to_o think_v that_o water_n be_v not_o produce_v from_o air_n there_o 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o more_o great_a drop_n that_o fall_v be_v make_v of_o small_a one_o and_o therefore_o the_o original_a of_o river_n must_v be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a brook_n of_o water_n that_o meet_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o therefore_o those_o that_o make_v aqueduct_n be_v wont_a to_o bring_v the_o water_n down_o by_o trench_n and_o small_a channel_n 3._o because_o that_o many_o spring_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a river_n be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n very_o few_o in_o plain_n or_o valley_n which_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o a_o condense_a air_n or_o vapour_n which_o air_n and_o vapour_n tend_v towards_o high_a place_n and_o mountainous_a place_n be_v as_o it_o be_v sponge_n incumb_a over_o low_a place_n those_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o aristotle_n cardanus_n the_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n 4._o cardanus_n with_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o rivulet_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o watery_a vapour_n condense_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o these_o fountain_n alone_o scarce_o make_v up_o river_n unless_o assist_v by_o rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n his_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o if_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n one_o view_v the_o mountain_n they_o will_v appear_v moist_a 2._o river_n overflow_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o fountain_n but_o the_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n bubble_v and_o leap_v from_o the_o spring_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o so_o weak_a and_o inconstant_a a_o cause_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n much_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o aristotle_n but_o that_o aristotle_n place_v air_n with_o the_o generation_n cardanus_n vapour_n with_o the_o generation_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n and_o indeed_o small_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o air_n and_o vapour_n 5._o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v rain_n to_o be_v coacervate_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o cavity_n and_o thence_o to_o break_v forth_o as_o from_o a_o mighty_a belly_n and_o that_o all_o river_n spring_v from_o one_o of_o they_o or_o from_o some_o other_o of_o they_o neither_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o water_n generate_v but_o what_o be_v collect_v in_o the_o winter_n month_n into_o those_o receptacle_n they_o suppose_v to_o evade_v into_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o river_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o flow_v more_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o that_o some_o be_v continual_a and_o some_o not_z they_o add_v the_o same_o cause_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o opinion_n but_o aristotle_n receive_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o more_o water_n in_o one_o year_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n than_o the_o bulk_n of_o that_o whole_a part_n of_o earth_n or_o land_n 6._o of_o modern_a philosopher_n many_o as_o also_o of_o the_o ancient_n determine_v that_o the_o earth_n again_o receive_v whatsoever_o water_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o hide_a passage_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v beat_v in_o its_o passage_n through_o divers_a wind_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o strain_v through_o sand_n and_o chalk_n which_o remove_v its_o saltness_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o pure_a water_n i_o also_o defend_v this_o opinion_n and_o suppose_v it_o true_a yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o and_o three_o place_n the_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o because_o more_o than_o one_o thousand_o river_n exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o great_a of_o they_o in_o such_o a_o abundancy_n that_o that_o water_n which_o they_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n exceed_v the_o whole_a earth_n as_o the_o river_n volga_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o also_o other_o river_n therefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o water_n must_v be_v send_v forth_o into_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n even_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n now_o if_o that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o imagine_v how_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v augment_v unto_o a_o immensity_n or_o why_o fountain_n shall_v not_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v object_v that_o so_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o water_n that_o the_o sea_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o river_n for_o first_o only_a rain_n make_v those_o vapour_n then_o again_o it_o be_v most_o false_a that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n shall_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n distant_a fountain_n the_o near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_a than_o those_o far_a distant_a 2._o this_o opinion_n be_v prove_v from_o that_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o fountain_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n and_o brackish_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromaudel_n in_o india_n where_o no_o vine_n
do_v grow_v and_o where_o that_o all_o well_n be_v salt_n in_o the_o city_n of_o suez_n at_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n all_o well_n be_v salt_n or_o brackish_a and_o the_o water_n two_o mile_n distant_a be_v somewhat_o salt_n so_o in_o many_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n no_o well_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v though_o not_o so_o salt_n as_o the_o sea_n water_n itself_o as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n vincent_n and_o other_o in_o peru_n in_o the_o low_a region_n the_o lake_n be_v salt_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o in_o the_o oriental_a maritimate_a place_n the_o nut_n call_v coco_n nut_n be_v find_v somewhat_o salt_n also_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n themselves_o fountain_n of_o salt_n water_n be_v find_v as_o in_o lorraine_n lunenburgh_n and_o the_o like_a 3._o because_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n emit_v its_o water_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o salt_n fountain_n of_o lunenburgh_n where_o beneath_o the_o earth_n those_o aqueduct_n full_a of_o salt_n or_o sea-water_n be_v find_v 4._o because_o that_o dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n as_o also_o in_o mine_n much_o water_n be_v find_v of_o which_o neither_o the_o rain_n nor_o the_o air_n can_v be_v make_v the_o efficient_a cause_n how_o water_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n so_o as_o to_o become_v sweet_a we_o have_v now_o show_v viz._n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o every_o where_o rocky_a or_o stony_a but_o in_o many_o place_n sandy_a muddy_a gravelly_a spongy_a drink_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o earth_n bring_v it_o by_o degree_n to_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o sea_n where_o at_o length_n the_o guttulae_fw-la unite_v especial_o in_o a_o narrow_a space_n such_o as_o be_v mountain_n and_o make_v a_o fountain_n in_o the_o give_v place_n or_o cavity_n but_o if_o so_o be_v that_o cavity_n be_v hide_v from_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o water_n so_o collect_v either_o follow_v another_o way_n wheresoever_o it_o be_v make_v and_o so_o a_o fountain_n seem_v to_o break_v forth_o in_o another_o place_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o in_o than_o place_n but_o be_v a_o river_n derive_v from_o the_o former_a place_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o if_o that_o the_o water_n of_o that_o cavity_n find_v no_o way_n about_o itself_o neither_o by_o violence_n can_v break_v through_o the_o earth_n that_o cover_v it_o than_o that_o water_n be_v not_o augment_v but_o what_o water_n flow_v unto_o it_o to_o have_v be_v its_o increase_n that_o be_v avert_v to_o another_o place_n for_o that_o be_v the_o property_n of_o all_o humid_a body_n that_o all_o their_o part_n and_o particle_n be_v move_v towards_o that_o place_n where_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v so_o if_o you_o fill_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n that_o the_o swell_a or_o tumour_n may_v be_v above_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n than_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o extant_a water_n have_v a_o equal_a inclination_n and_o power_n of_o deflux_n in_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n of_o the_o brim_n but_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mutual_a coherence_n of_o the_o particle_n who_o cause_n be_v declare_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n if_o that_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o brim_n all_o the_o other_o part_n leave_v the_o vicine_fw-la brim_n and_o draw_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o brim_n or_o they_o follow_v where_o the_o deflux_n be_v make_v so_o if_o you_o immerge_n a_o long_a crust_n of_o bread_n into_o water_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o water_n bear_v upward_o and_o and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o bread_n that_o be_v not_o immerge_v to_o be_v humid_a cavern_n the_o sea_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n through_o cavern_n moreover_o the_o sea_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n through_o cavern_n from_o which_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o water_n may_v glide_v or_o creep_v forth_o unless_o you_o have_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o evaporation_n which_o be_v carry_v upward_o and_o unite_n the_o drop_n in_o a_o narrow_a place_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o render_v this_o opinion_n less_o probable_a these_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v evident_a that_o they_o weaken_v not_o this_o assertion_n lay_v down_o note_v thing_n to_o be_v note_v 1._o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n be_v more_o elevate_v than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v in_o mountainous_a place_n therefore_o water_n can_v flow_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o those_o place_n because_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n be_v to_o move_v to_o place_n more_o depress_v or_o less_o elevate_v as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o river_n and_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o drainer_n 2._o although_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v gravelly_a muddy_a and_o sandy_a so_o that_o the_o water_n may_v penetrate_v itself_o through_o its_o particle_n yet_o the_o reason_n do_v not_o appear_v evident_a enough_o but_o that_o it_o may_v more_o moisten_v the_o adjoin_a earth_n and_o that_o which_o be_v not_o so_o high_a than_o to_o glide_v upward_o to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n see_v especial_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v rocky_a and_o stony_a as_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o island_n of_o st._n helena_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o water_n so_o glide_v from_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o break_v forth_o in_o a_o middle_a way_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n 4._o in_o the_o most_o profound_a mine_n none_o or_o very_o little_a water_n be_v find_v as_o thurnheuserus_n witness_v 5._o this_o water_n of_o the_o fountain_n shall_v be_v salt_n because_o that_o it_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o sea_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a argument_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o weaken_v the_o opinion_n propose_v for_o i_o pass_v by_o those_o slight_a one_o allege_v by_o other_o answer_v other_o argument_n answer_v viz._n that_o they_o suppose_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v so_o many_o river_n then_o again_o that_o river_n than_o shall_v never_o be_v diminish_v if_o that_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o river_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o but_o unto_o these_o two_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a because_o that_o the_o sea_n again_o receive_v the_o water_n again_o from_o the_o river_n that_o it_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o fountain_n then_o as_o for_o the_o other_o we_o have_v show_v before_o that_o the_o question_n be_v not_o neither_o do_v we_o determine_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o water_n of_o spring_n which_o be_v not_o the_o alone_a cause_n of_o river_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o and_o we_o also_o assert_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n and_o dew_n because_o that_o these_o moisten_v the_o earth_n glide_v or_o be_v draw_v towards_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n concernment_n four_o other_o argument_n of_o great_a concernment_n where_o the_o efflux_n of_o the_o water_n be_v make_v which_o we_o have_v explain_v by_o other_o example_n we_o come_v now_o to_o those_o four_o argument_n allege_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o they_o the_o first_o be_v esteem_v very_o valid_a as_o be_v take_v from_o multiplicit_fw-la experience_n therefore_o many_o solution_n be_v bring_v and_o allege_v by_o learned_a man_n first_o they_o the_o most_o easy_o discharge_v themselves_o who_o defend_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n for_o so_o they_o deny_v the_o assertion_n and_o they_o say_v that_o this_o altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n because_o that_o spring_n be_v less_o high_a than_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n persia_n see_v olearius_n his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n moreover_o olearius_n in_o the_o description_n of_o his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n relate_v that_o he_o ascend_v the_o mountain_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o with_o a_o astrolabe_n or_o rather_o a_o gaeodetical_a instrument_n to_o observe_v the_o elevation_n of_o this_o mountain_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n but_o find_v none_o but_o that_o the_o extreme_a superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n be_v see_v in_o the_o horizontal_n line_n yea_o somewhat_o elevate_v above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o tumour_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v find_v a_o little_a more_o high_a than_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n on_o which_o he_o make_v his_o observation_n but_o in_o truth_n this_o solution_n can_v be_v admit_v of_o 13._o see_v chap._n 13._o because_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o mountain_n
of_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sea_n avail_v much_o sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o flood_n wave_n or_o tempest_n for_o the_o water_n be_v make_v high_o more_o press_v the_o water_n and_o promote_v its_o ingress_n through_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o spring_n and_o see_v that_o every_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o only_o by_o storm_n but_o also_o by_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n therefore_o such_o a_o pressure_n happen_v every_o day_n but_o i_o question_v whether_o this_o cause_n can_v effect_v much_o answer_v the_o three_o argument_n answer_v unto_o the_o three_o argument_n i_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o the_o humour_n be_v move_v and_o glide_v towards_o that_o part_n where_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o need_v any_o far_a explication_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o saltness_n have_v a_o more_o difficult_a solution_n because_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o saltness_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o only_o by_o transcolation_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a salt_n which_o the_o aristotelian_o never_o observe_v the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o chemist_n apt_o call_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n and_o the_o fix_a salt_n may_v indeed_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o marine_a water_n as_o well_o by_o continual_a transcolation_n as_o by_o coction_n and_o distillation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n because_o it_o be_v spirituous_a be_v immediate_o advance_v with_o the_o water_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v by_o frequent_a and_o often_o repeat_v distillation_n therefore_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o mode_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salt_n spirit_n in_o its_o passage_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o these_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o solution_n 1._o although_o we_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mode_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salsitude_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v for_o by_o nature_n we_o find_v it_o separate_v viz._n for_o fresh_a shower_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n which_o yet_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o vapour_n take_v up_o from_o the_o sea_n 2._o those_o particle_n of_o salt_n water_n penetrate_v the_o earth_n before_o they_o flow_v to_o their_o fountain_n be_v mix_v here_o and_o there_o with_o other_o water_n proceed_v there_o from_o rain_n or_o vapour_n and_o so_o that_o small_a saltitude_n that_o they_o yet_o have_v be_v render_v altogether_o insensible_a 3._o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o salsitude_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a in_o all_o spring_n because_o that_o some_o fountain_n be_v salt_n as_o we_o say_v before_o othersome_a brackish_a a_o little_a as_o those_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n suez_n and_o in_o place_n less_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o long_a transcolation_n and_o gentle_a evaporation_n to_o separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o volatile_a salt_n and_o by_o this_o artifice_n we_o make_v sea_n water_v less_o salt_n and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o rain_n water_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o salt_n or_o at_o least_o less_o salt_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o sometime_o saltish_a kind_n of_o rain_n do_v fall_v into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o subterranean_a water_n partly_o from_o river_n and_o dew_n that_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o spring_n and_o partly_o from_o rain_n and_o snow_n proposition_n vi_o certain_a river_n hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o another_o place_n rise_v up_o again_o as_o if_o they_o be_v new_a river_n again_o of_o river_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o rise_v again_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o they_o be_v 1._o the_o river_n niger_n which_o meet_v the_o mountain_n of_o nubia_n be_v observe_v under_o they_o and_o come_v forth_o again_o from_o the_o other_o occidental_a quarter_n 2._o tigris_n have_v pass_v the_o lake_n arethusa_n meet_v the_o mountain_n taurus_n be_v hide_v in_o a_o cave_n and_o flow_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n then_o when_o it_o have_v pass_v the_o lake_n thospite_v it_o be_v again_o obscure_v in_o subterranean_a cavern_n and_o then_o after_o it_o have_v thus_o run_v the_o space_n of_o about_o six_o german_a mile_n it_o break_v forth_o again_o 3._o about_o arcadia_n in_o peloponnesus_n many_o such_o riveret_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o aristotle_n write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n chapter_n eleven_o 4._o alpheus_n a_o river_n of_o achaia_n be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n the_o grecian_n write_v that_o it_o keep_v its_o course_n under_o the_o sea_n and_o beneath_o the_o earth_n even_o unto_o sicilia_n where_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o emerge_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o syracuse_n and_o to_o be_v that_o river_n that_o be_v call_v arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n now_o this_o they_o especial_o collect_v from_o this_o viz._n that_o arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n every_o five_o summer_n cast_v up_o the_o dung_n of_o those_o beast_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o olympian_a game_n be_v celebrate_v and_o the_o dung_n and_o garbage_n of_o the_o slay_a victim_n be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n therefore_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o direct_a current_n they_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o sicilia_n 5._o the_o river_n guadiana_n between_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n in_o time_n past_o call_v anas_n whole_o obscure_v itself_o at_o medelina_n and_o about_o 8_o german_a mile_n further_a discover_v itself_o again_o 6._o dan_o which_o flow_v with_o the_o river_n jor_n make_v jordan_n break_v forth_o some_o mile_n from_o its_o fountain_n phiala_n straw_n or_o rush_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o same_o be_v find_v and_o discover_v in_o the_o fountain_n or_o proruption_n of_o the_o river_n dan._n the_o reason_n why_o these_o river_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_n be_v 1._o the_o obstacle_n of_o a_o more_o elevate_a place_n than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n 2._o either_o perchance_o some_o cavity_n exist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o inconstant_a matter_n which_o easy_o give_v place_n to_o the_o glide_a river_n there_o be_v also_o other_o river_n which_o hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o do_v not_o again_o emerge_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vii_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o indifferent_a river_n as_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lesser_a do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o lake_n and_o the_o place_n where_o this_o exoneration_n be_v make_v be_v term_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n some_o river_n have_v one_o some_o three_o and_o some_o more_o such_o mouth_n some_o of_o the_o river_n of_o indifferent_a magnitude_n as_o also_o the_o lesser_a sort_n discharge_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n the_o other_o either_o stagnate_n or_o be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o earth_n lake_n most_o river_n both_o great_a and_o small_a lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o lake_n concern_v the_o great_a river_n the_o thing_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o danube_n the_o wolga_n and_o such_o like_a for_o the_o danube_n be_v exonerate_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o seven_o mouth_n the_o wolga_n have_v at_o least_o seventy_o outlet_n or_o mouth_n the_o nile_n have_v seven_o and_o where_o it_o overflow_v more_o the_o cause_n why_o great_a river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o vehement_a course_n now_o why_o they_o have_v more_o outlet_n than_o one_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a reason_n for_o the_o same_o 1._o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n 2._o the_o generation_n of_o sand_n and_o ridge_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o become_v either_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o so_o cause_n that_o the_o river_n glide_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n and_o when_o many_o such_o ridge_n be_v generate_v the_o river_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o branch_n or_o one_o mouth_n into_o many_o but_o then_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o mouth_n be_v carry_v forward_o and_o the_o sea_n recede_v from_o
the_o land_n men._n course_n of_o water_n often_o make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o men._n the_o ancient_n testify_v that_o the_o nile_n in_o time_n past_a let_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n by_o one_o mouth_n which_o be_v term_v canobus_n unto_o these_o two_o former_a cause_n a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v viz._n human_a industry_n for_o man_n oftentimes_o from_o some_o river_n derive_v course_n of_o water_n and_o prepare_v a_o passage_n or_o channel_n for_o they_o into_o the_o sea_n partly_o to_o water_v their_o field_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o navigation_n which_o aqueduct_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n become_v great_a therefore_o the_o ancient_n write_v and_o that_o not_o without_o probability_n that_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o canobus_n be_v make_v by_o man_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n where_o also_o shall_v be_v declare_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o another_o wolchda_n in_o moscovia_n not_o wolga_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n and_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o another_o lake_n river_n and_o riveret_n which_o neither_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o other_o river_n be_v either_o arm_n or_o branch_n of_o other_o river_n or_o else_o peculiar_a river_n those_o which_o be_v branch_n of_o other_o river_n very_o probable_o do_v stagnate_n and_o go_v not_o under_o the_o earth_n now_o the_o cause_n why_o they_o tend_v not_o towards_o the_o sea_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o the_o channel_n be_v not_o so_o deep_a and_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o much_o water_n 2._o the_o more_o hard_a earth_n hinder_v the_o progress_n 3._o many_o of_o they_o be_v make_v to_o water_v the_o field_n and_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a use_n of_o water_n 4._o the_o mouth_n be_v obstruct_v the_o sea_n depart_v and_o the_o land_n augment_v or_o promote_a towards_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o bank_n or_o ridge_n generate_v in_o the_o channel_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o admit_v of_o no_o water_n but_o repel_v it_o so_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o former_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o belgic_a ocean_n near_o the_o village_n of_o the_o catti_n now_o stagnate_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o leyden_n and_o that_o village_n but_o those_o peculiar_a river_n which_o neither_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n nor_o into_o other_o river_n but_o rise_v in_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n these_o river_n be_v very_o small_a also_o few_o as_o also_o those_o that_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n of_o peru_n india_n and_o africa_n be_v swallow_v up_o either_o within_o the_o sandy_a soil_n or_o be_v abscond_v in_o the_o earth_n so_o at_o meten_v a_o village_n in_o arabia_n near_o the_o gulf_n be_v find_v a_o river_n with_o a_o glorious_a channel_n under_o these_o reed_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n the_o stream_n hide_v themselves_o with_o such_o a_o silent_a course_n that_o there_o appear_v nothing_o of_o humidity_n on_o the_o top_n but_o if_o that_o no_o way_n be_v admit_v to_o these_o riveret_n under_o the_o earth_n they_o make_v marsh_n and_o small_a lake_n notwithstanding_o some_o run_n with_o so_o slow_a a_o stream_n that_o almost_o so_o much_o be_v separate_v by_o exhalation_n as_o they_o receive_v by_o the_o stream_n and_o so_o be_v stay_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o neither_o make_v lake_n nor_o be_v absorb_v as_o the_o riveret_n conitra_fw-mi salle_n marefsa_n jeleesa_fw-mi and_o other_o in_o moscovia_n proposition_n viii_o whether_o the_o passage_n or_o channel_n through_o which_o the_o river_n run_v be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n or_o by_o nature_n rivers_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o rivers_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o channel_n of_o those_o river_n which_o be_v not_o generate_v with_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o hand_n on_o those_o very_a account_n 1._o because_o that_o experience_n testify_v that_o when_o new_a fountain_n do_v flow_v the_o water_n so_o flow_v out_o make_v not_o a_o certain_a channel_n to_o itself_o but_o do_v dilate_v itself_o through_o the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o it_o must_v flow_v there_o be_v need_n of_o the_o help_n of_o man_n to_o hollow_a a_o channel_n 2._o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o man_n have_v make_v many_o channel_n so_o the_o chineses_n make_v a_o channel_n by_o which_o water_n rune_v from_o the_o yellow_a river_n into_o another_o river_n 3._o because_o lake_n and_o marsh_n do_v confirm_v the_o same_o such_o as_o be_v find_v about_o the_o fountain_n of_o many_o river_n that_o be_v on_o a_o plain_a such_o as_o be_v those_o lake_n or_o marsh_n from_o which_o the_o nile_n tanais_n wolga_n and_o other_o do_v flow_v which_o lake_n we_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v from_o the_o effusion_n of_o water_n make_v round_o about_o by_o the_o fountain_n and_o therefore_o man_n make_v a_o certain_a channel_n to_o defend_v their_o field_n from_o such_o a_o water_n into_o which_o channel_n the_o water_n may_v fall_v and_o drain_v the_o land_n the_o same_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o river_n who_o spring_n be_v on_o the_o mountain_n of_o affinity_n to_o this_o proposition_n be_v this_o other_o viz._n whether_o that_o river_n which_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o other_o or_o meet_v together_o make_v that_o passage_n by_o their_o motion_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o they_o by_o man_n which_o make_v a_o channel_n the_o latter_a seem_v more_o probable_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_a the_o same_o must_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o branch_n of_o river_n and_o circumduction_n by_o which_o island_n be_v make_v in_o the_o tanais_n wolga_n etc._n etc._n rivers_n of_o isle_n make_v in_o rivers_n so_o one_o arm_n of_o the_o euphrates_n former_o pass_v through_o the_o ghaldean_a marsh_n be_v let_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n afterward_o it_o leave_v its_o course_n many_o aqueduct_n and_o channel_n be_v make_v by_o the_o native_n to_o water_n their_o ground_n neither_o do_v it_o arrive_v to_o the_o sea_n its_o mouth_n be_v obstruct_v and_o its_o water_n be_v partly_o take_v up_o in_o the_o aqueduct_n that_o be_v make_v and_o partly_o avert_v into_o the_o other_o arm_n which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o tigris_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o case_n of_o other_o river_n which_o we_o now_o see_v do_v not_o go_v forward_o into_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o stagnate_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o time_n past_a they_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n proposition_n ix_o why_o no_o salt_n rivers_n be_v find_v see_v that_o salt-spring_n be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n find_v the_o reason_n why_o no_o salt_n river_n be_v find_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o man_n have_v no_o need_n of_o salt-water_n and_o therefore_o make_v no_o channel_n by_o which_o the_o water_n of_o the_o salt_n fountain_n may_v flow_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v have_v salt_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n but_o if_o that_o a_o fit_a channel_n be_v prepare_v from_o those_o salt_n spring_n we_o shall_v have_v salt_n rivers_n such_o as_o be_v in_o lunenburgh_n and_o other_o place_n under_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v we_o question_v but_o that_o many_o river_n of_o salt-water_n do_v flow_v from_o their_o fountain_n under_o the_o earth_n proposition_n x._o the_o channel_n of_o river_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o near_o their_o fountain_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o high_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n and_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v the_o more_o depress_v rivers_n furthermore_o of_o channel_n of_o rivers_n but_o in_o some_o channel_n some_o part_n more_o remove_v from_o the_o spring_n be_v high_o than_o that_o part_n more_o near_o to_o the_o fountain_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o valley_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v in_o their_o channel_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o whirlpool_n yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v high_a than_o the_o fountain_n water_n the_o flow_v of_o water_n the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a because_o that_o water_n flow_v not_o but_o from_o a_o place_n more_o high_a to_o a_o place_n more_o low_a and_o so_o every_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n especial_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v low_a than_o the_o spring_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v flow_v back_o again_o to_o the_o fountain_n now_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o channel_n do_v decrease_v even_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n that_o at_o least_o be_v true_a concern_v many_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n for_o because_o here_o
the_o great_a mogul_n in_o whatsoever_o place_n he_o be_v cause_v this_o water_n to_o be_v bring_v he_o of_o which_o he_o only_o drink_v some_o will_v have_v the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n to_o be_v the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o the_o most_o wholesome_a most_o heavy_a water_n be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n or_o mercury_n in_o great_a river_n we_o must_v have_v respect_n to_o the_o riveret_n of_o which_o they_o be_v compound_v for_o the_o rhine_n receive_v many_o mineral_n riveret_n so_o also_o do_v the_o danube_n of_o gold_n iron_n and_o vitriol_n and_o hence_o have_v they_o their_o quality_n although_o many_o fountain_n have_v little_a of_o they_o proposition_n xx._n some_o river_n every_o year_n at_o a_o set_a time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o overflow_v their_o channel_n and_o inundate_n the_o adjacent_a land_n river_n of_o the_o increase_n and_o overflow_a of_o river_n the_o most_o famous_a of_o those_o be_v the_o nile_n that_o so_o increase_v that_o it_o overspread_v all_o egypt_n except_o the_o hill_n in_o congo_n angola_n monomotapa_n soffala_n mosambique_n from_o those_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n zaire_n nile_n river_n nile_n or_o in_o the_o lake_n zaire_n which_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n in_o a_o middle_a place_n between_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a shore_n under_o the_o ten_o degree_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n near_o unto_o this_o lake_n be_v many_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o be_v call_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o that_o the_o lake_n lie_v as_o in_o a_o valley_n between_o mountain_n now_o because_o that_o these_o place_n lie_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n therefore_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o solary_a motion_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v winter_n when_o that_o we_o have_v summer_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la they_o feel_v no_o cold_a but_o instead_o of_o snow_n they_o have_v almost_o continual_a rain_n two_o hour_n before_o and_o after_o noon_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n the_o cloud_n hardly_o permit_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o same_o cloud_n the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n appear_v as_o cover_v and_o in_o these_o mountainous_a place_n rain_v and_o shower_n be_v almost_o continual_o which_o run_v down_o like_o torrent_n and_o all_o flow_v together_o into_o the_o lake_n zaire_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o nile_n zaire_n cuama_n and_o other_o that_o arise_v from_o the_o same_o lake_n but_o yet_o do_v not_o abound_v with_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n yet_o the_o zaire_n do_v overflow_v every_o year_n as_o the_o nile_n because_o the_o channel_n of_o they_o be_v more_o deep_a and_o after_o a_o short_a tract_n they_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n yet_o all_o of_o they_o increase_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o disgorge_v themselves_o of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n niger_n river_n niger_n the_o second_o river_n among_o those_o that_o overflow_v the_o adjacent_a land_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n be_v the_o niger_n of_o no_o less_o tract_n than_o the_o nile_n though_o not_o so_o famous_a it_o overflow_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o nile_n do_v the_o three_o river_n of_o the_o overflow_a river_n be_v the_o zaire_n a_o river_n in_o congo_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v zaire_n river_n zaire_n add_v to_o this_o the_o lesser_a river_n of_o congo_n the_o four_o be_v rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n a_o river_n in_o brasil_n which_o overflow_v the_o adjacent_a field_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o nile_n plate_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n as_o maffaeus_n write_v indus_n rivers_n ganges_n and_o indus_n the_o five_o of_o the_o overflow_a river_n be_v the_o ganges_n the_o six_o be_v the_o river_n indus_n these_o two_o river_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n of_o those_o region_n pour_v themselves_o forth_o upon_o the_o land_n without_o their_o channel_n where_o then_o the_o native_n do_v gather_v the_o water_n into_o stand_a pool_n that_o in_o the_o other_o month_n of_o the_o year_n when_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o rain_n they_o may_v thence_o fetch_v water_n and_o this_o inundation_n cause_v great_a fertility_n in_o the_o field_n the_o seven_o comprehend_v many_o viz._n four_o or_o five_o which_o flow_v from_o the_o lake_n chiamy_n in_o a_o moderate_a channel_n and_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n sian_n and_o other_o that_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o country_n of_o sian_n be_v call_v menan_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o inundation_n the_o field_n and_o street_n of_o the_o city_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o make_v use_n of_o boat_n to_o sail_v from_o one_o house_n to_o another_o and_o this_o inundation_n also_o cause_v exceed_v fertility_n macou_n river_n macou_n the_o eight_o be_v macou_n a_o river_n in_o camboja_n which_o overflow_v in_o the_o summer_n month_n parana_n river_n parana_n the_o nine_o be_v the_o river_n parana_n which_o overflow_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o nile_n do_v the_o ten_o in_o choromandel_n a_o part_n of_o india_n the_o river_n overflow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o plenty_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n euphrates_n river_n euphrates_n the_o eleven_o be_v the_o euphrates_n which_o at_o set-time_n of_o the_o year_n overflow_v mesopotamia_n the_o twelve_o of_o these_o overflow_a river_n be_v sus_n a_o river_n in_o numidia_n sus._n river_n sus._n which_o overflow_v in_o the_o winter_n i_o have_v not_o read_v of_o any_o other_o river_n that_o i_o can_v remember_v that_o do_v overflow_v in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n of_o the_o year_n although_o some_o may_v do_v it_o in_o most_o year_n to_o wit_n the_o river_n obius_n and_o flavius_n a_o river_n of_o china_n there_o be_v many_o river_n that_o overflow_v without_o any_o order_n or_o in_o a_o set-time_n yea_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o river_n of_o note_a magnitude_n which_o overflow_v not_o its_o bank_n sometime_o so_o it_o be_v evident_a concern_v the_o albis_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o like_a and_o but_o that_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o the_o height_n of_o the_o bank_n obstruct_v all_o great_a river_n in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n will_v inundate_n because_o that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v much_o augment_v in_o the_o spring_n season_n and_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o a_o river_n that_o do_v use_v to_o overflow_v may_v begin_v to_o do_v it_o in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n viz._n if_o that_o any_o part_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o ridge_n or_o sand_n or_o any_o other_o way_n become_v high_o and_o the_o coast_n or_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a but_o then_o man_n be_v accustom_v to_o raise_v bank_n the_o only_a cause_n of_o these_o inundation_n be_v the_o abundancy_n of_o water_n which_o in_o some_o example_n allege_v may_v proceed_v peradventure_o from_o dissolve_a snow_n but_o in_o most_o from_o frequent_a ra_n yet_o that_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o the_o indus_n and_o ganges_n shall_v overflow_v in_o other_o month_n than_o the_o adjacent_a river_n from_o the_o lake_n chiama_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n which_o be_v observe_v here_o in_o this_o season_n must_v partly_o be_v take_v from_o the_o anniversary_n rain_v in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n partly_o from_o the_o mountain_n and_o rain_n about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fountain_n but_o we_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n shall_v supersede_n to_o discuss_v every_o example_n the_o river_n bibara_n in_o france_n near_o to_o paris_n sometime_o without_o any_o rain_n or_o at_o least_o with_o those_o that_o be_v usual_a so_o swell_v that_o it_o cause_v desolation_n unto_o the_o suburb_n of_o st._n marcellus_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o almost_o all_o these_o inundation_n make_v the_o land_n fruitful_a be_v because_o that_o water_n that_o inundate_v be_v either_o rain_n or_o snow-water_n which_o water_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o spirituous_a lévity_n and_o also_o because_o of_o their_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o they_o have_v admix_v in_o the_o air._n above_o all_o other_o mineral_n be_v very_o prevalent_a to_o fructify_v and_o be_v also_o wholesome_a now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o spirit_n and_o sulphur_n in_o rain-water_n be_v prove_v 1._o from_o the_o worm_n that_o be_v generate_v in_o it_o 2._o from_o its_o easy_a putrefaction_n 3._o from_o the_o very_a chemical_a distillation_n yet_o some_o river_n by_o their_o inundation_n do_v not_o make_v the_o earth_n fertile_a but_o rather_o cause_n sterility_n as_o ligeris_n in_o france_n when_o that_o sequana_n make_v they_o
like_a and_o chemical_a water_n in_o wâ—â—â—_n metal_n be_v dissolve_v water_n spirituous_a water_n spirituous_a water_n be_v 〈◊〉_d that_o contain_v only_o a_o volatile_a spirit_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o mineral_n but_o no_o fix_a particle_n and_o therefore_o none_o can_v be_v elicitate_v from_o they_o apparent_a to_o the_o sight_n these_o be_v term_v corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a water_n together_o by_o i_o which_o have_v both_o fix_v or_o solid_a and_o volatile_a or_o spirituous_a particle_n of_o mineral_n in_o they_o we_o shall_v allege_v example_n of_o the_o species_n of_o they_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n iii_o to_o explain_v how_o mineral_n water_n be_v generate_v water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o mineral_n water_n 1._o if_o that_o water_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o violent_a torrent_n or_o course_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n in_o which_o metallick_n earth_n and_o mineral_n be_v less_o thick_a it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o water_n may_v take_v and_o carry_v away_o from_o these_o with_o it_o grain_n of_o those_o mineral_n water_n this_o therefore_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n that_o carry_v grain_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o mineral_n be_v imperfect_a or_o less_o dense_a as_o vitriol_n sulphur_n and_o the_o like_a or_o also_o the_o salt_n which_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v easy_o unite_v to_o the_o water_n if_o that_o the_o water_n or_o riveret_n be_v carry_v through_o these_o earth_n without_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v as_o we_o have_v explain_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o fountain_n the_o water_n come_v to_o the_o fountain_n this_o will_v have_v the_o atom_n of_o these_o mineral_n admix_v and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o corporeal_a mineral_n water_n of_o a_o subtle_a conjunction_n according_a to_o the_o atom_n now_o whether_o that_o the_o water_n can_v unite_v the_o atom_n of_o metal_n after_o this_o manner_n to_o itself_o be_v question_v because_o that_o they_o be_v hard_a and_o solid_a neither_o be_v they_o easy_o unite_v to_o the_o water_n i_o suppose_v it_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v but_o not_o by_o simple_a water_n but_o by_o a_o salt_n vitriolated_a water_n which_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n for_o as_o these_o water_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la dissolve_v metal_n into_o atom_n and_o intimate_o unite_v they_o to_o themselves_o so_o that_o they_o sink_v not_o to_o the_o bottom_n unless_o that_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o art_n so_o also_o if_o that_o such_o water_n be_v carry_v through_o metallary_n earth_n they_o be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v the_o metallic_a particle_n and_o unite_v they_o to_o themselves_o after_o this_o mode_n be_v the_o generation_n of_o mineral_n corporeal_a water_n of_o the_o second_o classis_fw-la explain_v 3._o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o that_o metal_n be_v generate_v vapour_n and_o fume_n be_v condense_v unto_o the_o extant_a angle_n of_o the_o rock_n unto_o which_o they_o adhere_v and_o first_o they_o meet_v together_o in_o a_o soft_a substance_n and_o at_o length_n they_o be_v condense_v therefore_o if_o that_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v or_o glide_v through_o the_o earth_n where_o such_o vapour_n be_v and_o be_v raise_v they_o be_v impregnate_v by_o they_o and_o so_o spirituous_a mineral_n water_n be_v make_v but_o imperfect_a mineral_n after_o another_o mode_n cause_n mineral_n water_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n viz._n because_o that_o be_v heat_v by_o their_o own_o or_o subterraneous_a heat_n they_o send_v forth_o spirit_n and_o vapour_n as_o salt_n sulphur_n vitriol_n coal_n and_o such_o like_a and_o such_o fume_n and_o exhalation_n be_v continual_o make_v in_o place_n of_o such_o mineral_n through_o which_o if_o that_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o the_o spirit_n there_o be_v some_o that_o suppose_v these_o spirituous_a water_n may_v be_v generate_v only_o by_o be_v carry_v through_o the_o metallic_a earth_n or_o by_o a_o continual_a stay_n upon_o they_o or_o in_o their_o mine_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v no_o quality_n from_o the_o metal_n and_o mineral_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v lie_v 100_o year_n immerse_v in_o they_o therefore_o lay_v aside_o this_o opinion_n we_o affirm_v that_o those_o water_n be_v generate_v or_o spirit_n receive_v from_o first_o the_o seed_n of_o metal_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v or_o their_o primordia_fw-la or_o second_o we_o may_v say_v that_o those_o water_n be_v now_o impregnate_v by_o other_o subtle_a spirit_n of_o vitriol_n or_o salt_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o which_o a_o spirit_n be_v extract_v from_o the_o hard_a metal_n but_o i_o attribute_v the_o less_o to_o this_o cause_n or_o mode_n of_o generation_n because_o here_o arise_v a_o question_n again_o concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o spirituous_a water_n of_o mineral_n vitriol_n and_o salt_n 4._o from_o these_o together_o it_o be_v evident_a how_o mineral_n water_n that_o be_v both_o corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a be_v generate_v proposition_n iu._n there_o be_v innumerable_a kind_n of_o mineral_n water_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n and_o diversity_n of_o the_o particle_n which_o they_o contain_v of_o divers_a mineral_n in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n we_o have_v explain_v how_o that_o mineral_n water_n may_v receive_v those_o particle_n from_o which_o their_o admirable_a quality_n do_v arise_v from_o mineral_n or_o fossils_n water_n many_o kind_n of_o mineral_n water_n now_o because_o that_o there_o be_v various_a sort_n of_o mineral_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o mineral_n water_n be_v various_a and_o different_a in_o their_o quality_n yea_o they_o be_v almost_o infinite_a for_o neither_o only_a be_v every_o one_o of_o these_o water_n impregnate_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o mineral_n but_o together_o many_o of_o many_o wherefore_o mineral_n water_n will_v either_o be_v simple_a or_o mix_v and_o the_o mix_a will_v have_v something_o either_o from_o three_o or_o four_o or_o from_o many_o fossils_n or_o mineral_n thence_o 1._o be_v metallick_n water_n viz._n of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v iron_n 2._o salt_n water_n viz._n of_o common_a salt_n niter_n alum_n vitriol_n 3._o bituminous_a water_n sulphureous_a antimonial_a of_o coal_n and_o of_o amber_n 4._o the_o water_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o stone_n viz._n lime-water_n chalk_n ochre_n marble_n alabaster_n 5._o mercurial_a water_n and_o the_o like_a these_o denomination_n or_o kind_n of_o water_n ii_o see_v prosition_n ii_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o triple_a mode_n by_o which_o in_o the_o second_o propasition_n we_o say_v that_o mineral_n water_n be_v 1._o some_o corporeal_a and_o even_o manifest_a to_o the_o sense_n or_o corporeal_a by_o a_o subtle_a and_o accurate_a commixion_n 2._o that_o other_o be_v spirituous_a 3._o that_o other_o be_v corporeal_a and_o also_o spirituous_a these_o difference_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o every_o kind_n of_o mineral-water_n viz._n to_o demonstrate_v by_o one_o or_o another_o example_n gold-water_n be_v 1._o corporeal_a which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n of_o that_o magnitude_n that_o with_o little_a trouble_n they_o be_v discernible_a to_o the_o sense_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o accurate_a coherency_n admix_v unto_o they_o 2_o corporeal_a water_n which_o possess_v very_o small_a particle_n of_o gold_n and_o indeed_o very_o close_o connex_v to_o the_o water_n such_o water_n i_o suppose_v to_o be._n although_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n be_v such_o that_o the_o least_o grain_n in_o the_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n yet_o that_o such_o may_v be_v be_v manifest_a from_o the_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n in_o which_o gold_n be_v dissolve_v into_o atom_n but_o this_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la be_v not_o simple_a therefore_o neither_o do_v those_o water_n that_o be_v find_v in_o nature_n to_o have_v atom_n of_o gold_n admix_v want_v other_o particle_n of_o mineral_n 3._o spiritual_a golden-water_n which_o conceive_v a_o spirit_n and_o vapour_n in_o the_o earth_n from_o whence_o gold_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v generate_v 4._o golden_a corporeal-water_n and_o also_o spiritual_a which_o possess_v both_o atom_n of_o gold_n and_o a_o vapour_n generate_a gold_n water_n a_o fourfold_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o reader_n must_v apply_v this_o fourfold_a difference_n unto_o every_o kind_n of_o mineral_n water_n both_o simple_a and_o admix_v whence_o innumerable_a kind_n do_v exist_v for_o either_o the_o body_n of_o the_o mineral_n or_o the_o spirit_n or_o the_o body_n of_o one_o with_o the_o spirit_n of_o another_o be_v conjoin_v in_o the_o water_n so_o leaden-water_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n 1._o manifest_o corporeal_a 2._o corporeal_a of_o a_o subtle_a mixture_n 3._o infect_v with_o a_o spirit_n of_o lead_n and_o 4._o impregnated_a both_o with_o the_o spirit_n and_o atom_n of_o lead_n so_o those_o four_o divers_a
common_o call_v they_o spaw_n 1._o they_o arise_v from_o the_o admixture_n of_o a_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n which_o mineral_n be_v partly_o simple_a and_o partly_o more_o or_o less_o admix_v with_o other_o mineral_n be_v find_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o iron_n we_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o acidula_n and_o spaw_v 1._o by_o reason_n that_o almost_o every_o where_o where_o such_o acid_n water_n break_v out_o mine_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n be_v find_v 2._o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n be_v acid_n as_o also_o some_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o chemistry_n 3._o because_o that_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o acid_n water_n no_o acid_n body_n but_o spirit_n be_v separate_v which_o be_v altogether_o like_a unto_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n 2._o great_a be_v the_o quantity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spaw_n in_o divers_a region_n where_o mine_n especial_o abound_v the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o a_o acid_n sour_a spirit_n be_v almost_o in_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n that_o we_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v elementary_a in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n and_o first_o proposition_n it_o be_v find_v in_o all_o herb_n and_o fruit_n spaw_n the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n 3._o the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n be_v find_v to_o be_v notable_a some_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o sharp_a or_o sour_a that_o man_n make_v use_v of_o they_o instead_o of_o vinegar_n such_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o nicana_n a_o province_n of_o sicilia_n in_o germany_n the_o fountain_n at_o elleboga_n be_v of_o a_o wonderful_a acidity_n other_o acid_n spring_n be_v term_v winy_a because_o that_o by_o their_o sharpness_n they_o come_v near_o the_o grateful_a taste_n of_o wine_n among_o which_o that_o be_v famous_a which_o be_v in_o the_o earldom_n of_o catzenellebocen_n in_o germany_n at_o the_o town_n schwalbach_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lion_n in_o france_n at_o the_o town_n of_o st._n baldomare_a be_v a_o fountain_n term_v fontaine_n fort_n that_o be_v the_o strong_a fountain_n it_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o wine_n and_o if_o that_o one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n it_o will_v want_v nothing_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o wine_n if_o it_o be_v pour_v on_o flour_n it_o will_v present_o ferment_n they_o can_v boil_v no_o meat_n in_o it_o for_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o subtlety_n it_o fly_v away_o it_o be_v very_o wholesome_a so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n seldom_o use_v a_o physician_n in_o aquitaine_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n bessa_n be_v the_o like_a winy_a sharp_a spring_n unto_o the_o water_n of_o which_o if_o that_o you_o only_o admix_v the_o six_o part_n of_o wine_n you_o will_v imagine_v that_o you_o drink_v pure_a wine_n without_o any_o admixture_n of_o water_n nigh_o to_o rome_n be_v a_o alomy_a sharp_a fountain_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n make_v a_o very_a grateful_a drink_n great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o acid_n spring_v in_o the_o upper_a germany_n whereof_o some_o flow_n into_o the_o danube_n and_o other_o into_o the_o rhine_n very_o many_o be_v in_o the_o forementioned_a earldom_n of_o catzenelleboch_n in_o the_o province_n of_o trier_n in_o tirolis_n rhaetia_n vindelicia_n a_o note_v one_fw-mi be_v near_a anderna_n call_v heilbrun_n in_o the_o province_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o village_n valentiola_n be_v spring_n which_o at_o the_o bottom_n be_v find_v acid_n and_o of_o a_o winy_a taste_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n sweet_a which_o baccius_n think_v to_o happen_v because_o that_o the_o nitrous_a and_o acid_n part_n do_v subside_o and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o i_o suppose_v if_o that_o the_o relation_n be_v true_a that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o superficies_n present_o do_v expire_v other_o acid_n fountain_n be_v astringent_a and_o contract_v the_o palate_n which_o be_v a_o token_n of_o iron_n particle_n or_o of_o the_o admixture_n of_o vitriol_n as_o also_o of_o alom_n the_o water_n of_o acid_n fountain_n in_o rainy_n and_o cloudy_a weather_n be_v find_v less_o acid_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o admixture_n of_o condensated_a air._n also_o if_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o heat_n or_o if_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o open_a vessel_n for_o some_o hour_n or_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v a_o long_a voyage_n not_o well_o cover_v in_o cold_a vessel_n it_o present_o lose_v its_o acidity_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o acidity_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o subtle_a spirit_n yet_o they_o also_o have_v atom_n and_o the_o very_a vitriol_n alom_n iron_n salt_n gravel_n and_o the_o like_a this_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v discover_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o conduit-pipe_n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v example_n by_o read_v of_o author_n at_o least_o two_o hundred_o acid_n spring_n or_o riveret_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n nothing_o of_o acidity_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o rhine_n do_v you_o demand_v why_o there_o be_v no_o acid_n fountain_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n i_o suppose_v that_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o subterraneous_a heat_n and_o a_o over_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o for_o that_o cause_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o little_a or_o no_o gold_n be_v find_v in_o those_o region_n proposition_n viii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n term_v bath_n and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o famous_a of_o they_o bath_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n or_o bath_n a_o spring_n in_o izland_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o fervid_v of_o they_o all_o who_o water_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o which_o have_v arrive_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o boil_a on_o the_o fire_n but_o caronius_n write_v that_o in_o japan_n there_o be_v a_o spring_n so_o hot_a that_o no_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o most_o vehement_a fire_n it_o flow_v not_o continual_o but_o twice_o in_o a_o day_n for_o one_o hour_n with_o a_o great_a force_n of_o spirit_n and_o make_v a_o great_a pool_n which_o another_o have_v inform_v i_o to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n singacko_n that_o be_v hell_n after_o those_o the_o hot_a fountain_n or_o bath_n of_o baden_n in_o helvetia_n be_v famous_a then_o the_o bath_n of_o appona_n in_o italy_n of_o vulgar_a bath_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o upper_a germany_n as_o also_o in_o other_o place_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o lake_n and_o river_n nessa_n which_o be_v not_o hot_a yet_o it_o be_v never_o congeal_v with_o cold._n the_o cause_n and_o generation_n of_o bath_n be_v first_o the_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n whilst_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o rather_o whilst_o that_o it_o glide_v through_o the_o sulphureous_a mine_n to_o a_o collection_n about_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o vapour_n of_o smoke_n and_o exhalation_n within_o the_o earth_n where_o sulphur_n be_v pure_a or_o impure_a as_o peat_n coal_n amber_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o material_n continual_o send_v forth_o a_o calid_a or_o warm_a fume_n which_o heat_n the_o water_n carry_v thither_o or_o glide_v through_o those_o place_n yet_o particle_n of_o alom_n be_v admix_v to_o many_o nay_o the_o most_o bath_n as_o also_o of_o iron_n and_o niter_n whence_o they_o have_v somewhat_o a_o sharp_a and_o astringent_a taste_n or_o sapour_fw-la almost_o all_o the_o bath_n which_o we_o know_v flow_v without_o cease_v except_o the_o pepper-bath_n of_o germany_n which_o be_v famous_a in_o rhetia_n not_o far_o from_o curia_n and_o beside_o sulphur_n they_o contain_v something_o of_o gold_n and_o not_o a_o little_a niter_fw-la the_o water_n of_o these_o bath_n break_v out_o every_o year_n about_o the_o three_o of_o may_n and_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v about_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n the_o famous_a bath_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o plumbariae_n in_o lorraine_n emsebadae_n above_o constantina_n in_o alsatia_n near_o gebersweil_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o bada_fw-es wildbad_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wertebergh_n the_o blasianae_n near_o tubin_n there_o be_v many_o also_o in_o japan_n and_o the_o indian_a isle_n there_o be_v such_o hot_a one_o in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n that_o a_o egg_n may_v be_v boil_a in_o they_o proposition_n ix_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o oily_a and_o fat_a liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v liquor_n of_o oily_a liquor_n some_o fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o bituminous_a liquor_n some_o a_o fat_a water_n or_o
water_n on_o which_o drop_v of_o oil_n do_v flow_v in_o scotland_n two_o mile_n from_o edinburgh_n a_o fountain_n flow_v on_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o which_o drop_v of_o black_a oil_n do_v swim_v the_o inhabitant_n use_v it_o to_o mollify_v the_o skin_n and_o to_o take_v away_o scab_n so_o the_o river_n cilicia_n term_v liparis_n be_v famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o those_o that_o wash_v themselves_o be_v anoint_a by_o the_o water_n whether_o it_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n i_o much_o doubt_n so_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o aethiopia_n which_o anoint_v those_o that_o swim_v it_o also_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o india_n which_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n send_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o oil_n in_o zant_n and_o about_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o appallonia_n as_o vitruvius_n write_v there_o be_v fountain_n which_o vomit_v out_o abundance_n of_o pitch_n with_o water_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n in_o babylon_n of_o great_a magnitude_n call_v limb_n asphaltis_n it_o have_v liquid_a bitumen_n swim_v upon_o it_o with_o which_o the_o black_a semiramis_n encompass_v babylon_n with_o a_o wall_n at_o this_o day_n also_o at_o monasterium_fw-la in_o bavaria_n be_v the_o fountain_n degemsce_fw-mi on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o oil_n swim_v and_o be_v daily_o take_v off_o the_o acid_n water_n of_o schwalback_n if_o they_o be_v take_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o have_v be_v settle_v for_o some_o day_n small_a drop_n of_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n in_o the_o fountain_n term_v oelbrum_n not_o far_o from_o hagenaw_n at_o the_o village_n lamperscholch_n also_o in_o the_o many_o bath_n be_v find_v bituminous_a particle_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o stand_v quiet_a for_o some_o day_n as_o in_o the_o bath_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n term_v the_o bath_n of_o petrolei_n now_o the_o fountain_n that_o send_v out_o not_o a_o oil_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n but_o a_o mere_a fat_a or_o bituminous_a liquor_n be_v also_o many_o near_a gersbachium_n in_o the_o valley_n call_v lebersthal_n from_o a_o antiquate_a and_o exhaust_v i_o oil_n or_o bitumen_n flow_v with_o which_o the_o country_n swain_n besmear_v their_o cart-wheel_n neither_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n know_v its_o excellency_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v a_o spring_n from_o which_o naptha_n like_v unto_o oil_n flow_v other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o balsam_n they_o report_v fountain_n of_o amber_n to_o be_v there_o likewise_o in_o peru_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o bituminous_a fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o branch_n or_o riveret_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o native_n use_v it_o instead_o of_o pitch_n neither_o do_v they_o use_v any_o other_o matter_n in_o persia_n not_o far_o from_o schimachia_n at_o or_o near_o the_o high_a mountain_n barmach_n in_o a_o valley_n be_v about_o thirty_o fountain_n of_o bitumen_n or_o naptha_n but_o run_v in_o deep_a well_n with_o a_o great_a force_n the_o depth_n be_v about_o two_o ell_n wooden_a step_n be_v make_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o descent_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o sulphureous_a and_o strong_a spirit_n it_o be_v of_o a_o twofold_a colour_n in_o some_o red_a in_o other_o white_z the_o cause_n of_o these_o bituminous_a fountain_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a and_o bituminous_a matter_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n thrust_v forth_o by_o a_o heat_n and_o spirit_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o fat_a matter_n themselves_o as_o succinum_fw-la amber_n oil_n of_o petrolei_n pitch_n naptha_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n x._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v find_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o bitter_a water_n and_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v many_o fountain_n and_o well_n in_o the_o region_n of_o india_n on_o the_o choromandel_n have_v bitter_a water_n although_o that_o they_o ebulliate_v in_o and_o flow_v from_o rock_n in_o pontus_n a_o region_n of_o asia_n minor_a a_o little_a river_n term_v exampeus_n at_o the_o town_n callipadus_n be_v very_o bitter_a it_o render_v the_o river_n hypanis_n into_o which_o it_o flow_v also_o very_o bitter_a they_o arise_v from_o impure_a sulphur_n bitumen_n nitre_n ink_n copper_n as_o water_v leave_v a_o long_a time_n in_o a_o copper_n vessel_n acquire_v a_o bitter_a taste_n the_o lake_n asphaltites_n in_o palestine_n which_o be_v call_v mare_n mortuum_n or_o the_o dead_a sea_n have_v a_o bitter_a water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o impure_a bitumen_n whence_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o fat_a water_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o stink_a scent_n and_o vapour_n all_o thing_n without_o life_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o it_o suffer_v not_o any_o animal_n to_o sink_v neither_o do_v it_o grow_v sweet_a although_o that_o it_o continual_o swallow_v up_o the_o river_n jordan_n it_o be_v venomous_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v arsenic_n proposition_n xi_o the_fw-mi explain_v the_o cause_n of_o very_o cold_a spring_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v spring_n the_o cause_n of_o cold_a spring_n in_o the_o province_n of_o dauphin_n in_o france_n not_o far_o from_o vienna_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a cold_a that_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o that_o drink_v it_o be_v swell_v with_o it_o neither_o can_v they_o endure_v their_o hand_n in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o diminish_v for_o the_o water_n that_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o it_o nor_o augment_v by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o it_o in_o arabia_n or_o aethiopia_n be_v most_o cold_a spring_n although_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o excessive_a there_o in_o stiria_n not_o far_o from_o gretz_n be_v fountain_n so_o cold_a at_o the_o bottom_n that_o none_o can_v drink_v any_o water_n run_v or_o draw_v from_o thence_o in_o a_o mile_n from_o calma_n a_o spring_n send_v forth_o water_n as_o it_o be_v boil_v with_o a_o great_a wind_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o cold_a hence_o they_o call_v it_o the_o mad_a water_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o coldness_n of_o these_o fountain_n be_v 1._o the_o admixture_n of_o nitre_n and_o alom_n also_o of_o mercury_n iron_n and_o the_o like_a 2._o the_o depth_n of_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o solary_a beam_n and_o of_o the_o sulphureous_a subterraneous_a heat_n there_o be_v also_o some_o spring_n which_o be_v sometime_o cold_a and_o sometime_o hot_a in_o gatalonia_n the_o lake_n and_o fountain_n salsula_n in_o the_o winter_n be_v hot_a and_o in_o the_o summer_n very_o cold_a this_o be_v common_a to_o it_o with_o many_o other_o i_o think_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v that_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v open_a through_o which_o the_o hot_a spirit_n break_v forth_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v close_v whence_o within_o there_o be_v hot_a furnace_n that_o heat_v the_o water_n so_o some_o fountain_n be_v more_o hot_a in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n proposition_n xii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o those_o water_n which_o seem_v to_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o they_o be_v find_v there_o be_v some_o water_n which_o change_v wood_n into_o the_o hard_a stone_n in_o ireland_n etc._n of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n which_o change_v body_n into_o another_o kind_n etc._n etc._n above_o the_o city_n armagh_n in_o a_o pool_n not_o very_o large_a a_o stake_n of_o wood_n if_o it_o be_v fix_v for_o some_o month_n the_o part_n that_o stick_v in_o the_o mud_n will_v be_v iron_n the_o part_n which_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o water_n be_v turn_v into_o stone_n and_o the_o rest_n remain_v wood_n so_o giraldus_n and_o maginus_fw-la relate_fw-la but_o brietius_n say_v i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fable_n the_o water_n of_o loches_n in_o blois_n a_o province_n in_o france_n turn_v all_o thing_n put_v into_o it_o into_o stone_n at_o the_o city_n senon_n in_o burgundia_n near_o a_o lake_n a_o spring_n flow_v which_o harden_v into_o stone_n vitruvius_n say_v that_o in_o cappadocia_n between_o mazaca_n and_o tuana_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n which_o change_v a_o reed_n or_o wood_n put_v into_o it_o in_o one_o day_n into_o stone_n in_o bohemia_n near_o the_o bath_n of_o charles_n be_v a_o fountain_n in_o which_o wood_n lie_v long_o be_v change_v into_o stone_n other_o water_n be_v think_v to_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n which_o yet_o real_o they_o do_v not_o but_o by_o reason_n that_o water_n themselves_o carry_v particle_n and_o spirit_n of_o copper_n
and_o vitriol_n therefore_o they_o dissolve_v the_o particle_n of_o iron_n and_o by_o degree_n take_v away_o from_o it_o which_o whilst_o that_o they_o do_v the_o copper_n particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v repose_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o iron_n once_o take_v away_o or_o there_o adhere_v whilst_o that_o they_o glide_v with_o the_o run_v water_n the_o reason_n of_o those_o that_o change_n wood_n into_o stone_n be_v these_o 1._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n itself_o into_o stone_n but_o earthy_a stony_a and_o saline_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o water_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v cover_v the_o wood_n with_o a_o stony_a crust_n and_o do_v not_o real_o change_v it_o 2._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n into_o stone_n but_o cause_n a_o stony_a hardness_n to_o the_o wood_n which_o some_o mineral_n water_n may_v possible_o do_v 3._o if_o that_o some_o water_n have_v true_o change_v wood_n into_o stone_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o chief_a difference_n be_v find_v by_o sight_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o stone_n that_o in_o the_o wood_n there_o be_v certain_a long_a fibres_n or_o vein_n unto_o which_o the_o particle_n do_v cohere_v and_o those_o be_v less_o thick_a but_o in_o stone_n the_o particle_n be_v like_a unto_o atom_n without_o any_o certain_a extension_n into_o long_a fibres_n if_o that_o therefore_o any_o water_n dissolve_v and_o as_o it_o be_v grind_v the_o particle_n cohere_v in_o the_o wood_n according_a to_o a_o long_a line_n so_o that_o now_o they_o do_v no_o more_o cohere_v after_o this_o mode_n but_o yet_o be_v more_o condense_v there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o any_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o eye_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o mineral_n water_n communicate_v some_o substance_n to_o the_o wood_n itself_o there_o be_v other_o water_n who_o faculty_n be_v report_v to_o be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o colour_n in_o the_o hair_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o poisonous_a and_o death-causing_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v water_n of_o poisonous_a water_n such_o be_v the_o lake_n asphaltites_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o arsenical_a bitumen_n in_o time_n past_a famous_a be_v the_o fountain_n of_o terracina_n which_o be_v call_v neptunicus_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o volsci_n of_o which_o those_o that_o drink_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o life_n therefore_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o stone_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o thessalia_n a_o fountain_n spring_v of_o which_o no_o cattle_n drink_v nor_o no_o kind_n of_o beast_n approach_v famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a be_v the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o region_n of_o arcadia_n call_v nonacris_n the_o ancient_n write_v to_o drop_v exceed_o cold_a from_o stony_a rock_n therefore_o call_v the_o infernal_a and_o stygian_a water_n which_o no_o vessel_n either_o of_o silver_n brass_n or_o iron_n can_v be_v preserve_v in_o without_o break_v and_o by_o this_o water_n historian_n report_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v kill_v by_o jolla_n son_n of_o antipater_n and_o that_o not_o without_o the_o infamy_n of_o aristotle_n at_o this_o day_n many_o mortiferous_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n or_o region_n call_v the_o alps_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v stop_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o so_o few_o death-causing_a fountain_n be_v know_v now_o the_o generation_n of_o such_o water_n be_v if_o the_o water_n glide_v or_o flow_v through_o arsenical_a mercurial_a or_o antimonial_a earth_n and_o be_v impregnate_v with_o their_o fume_n for_o as_o the_o smoke_n or_o fume_n of_o arsenic_n kill_v live_v creature_n so_o water_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o fume_n do_v the_o same_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o colour_a water_n and_o their_o difference_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v at_o chinen_n in_o france_n water_n flow_v from_o a_o cave_n of_o somewhat_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n water_n of_o colour_a water_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n a_o riveret_n flow_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n into_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n water_n flow_v of_o a_o black_a of_o a_o green_a and_o such_o like_a colour_n but_o they_o be_v but_o few_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o these_o water_n be_v that_o they_o glide_v or_o run_v from_o land_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fountain_n proposition_n xv._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v salt-water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n the_o generation_n be_v twofold_a 1._o from_o the_o ocean_n they_o come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o they_o be_v generate_v of_o a_o salt_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n through_o which_o whilst_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o conceive_v saline_n particle_n and_o spirit_n before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o spring_n great_a be_v the_o plenty_n and_o that_o know_v to_o every_o one_o of_o salt_n fountain_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o this_o matter_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n almost_o every_o where_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o earth_n see_v that_o salt_n itself_o be_v a_o element_n proposition_n xvi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n and_o those_o that_o break_v out_o with_o a_o great_a spirit_n and_o wind_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v the_o cause_n be_v partly_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n and_o partly_o a_o nitrous_a spirit_n commix_v with_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n fountain_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n if_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n the_o water_n be_v hot_a if_o nitrous_a cold_a for_o neither_o be_v all_o the_o water_n which_o ebulliate_v like_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hot_a hot_a but_o many_o of_o they_o be_v cold_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o that_o near_a to_o culma_n call_v a_o mad_a water_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o twelve_o proposition_n the_o river_n tamayus_n in_o galaecia_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n in_o its_o rise_n for_o some_o month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o japan_n that_o wonderful_a hot_a fountain_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eight_o proposition_n not_o above_o twice_o every_o day_n break_v forth_o for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o one_o hour_n now_o when_o that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o flow_v it_o be_v carry_v with_o so_o great_a a_o force_n and_o vehemency_n of_o wind_n that_o it_o move_v the_o vast_a stone_n incumbent_a on_o the_o well_o and_o leap_v to_o the_o height_n of_o three_o or_o four_o ell_n with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n like_v unto_o the_o discharge_n of_o cannon_n in_o westphalia_n a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o term_v bolderborn_n from_o its_o noise_n most_o of_o the_o spaw_n and_o bath_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o wind_n and_o ebulliate_v as_o if_o they_o boil_a a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n cause_v this_o in_o the_o bath_n and_o in_o the_o spaw_n the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n nitre_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n xvii_o to_o enumerate_v the_o kind_n of_o water_n which_o have_v other_o certain_a wonderful_a property_n and_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o classis_fw-la all_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v which_o can_v convenient_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o former_a sort_n property_n other_o kind_n of_o water_n of_o wonderful_a property_n so_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o portugal_n term_v cadina_fw-la devour_v all_o that_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o also_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v another_o near_a to_o it_o reject_v all_o thing_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o this_o latter_a be_v obstruct_v in_o andalusia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n guadiana_n eusebius_n nierenburgius_n relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n which_o show_v the_o season_n or_o tempest_n for_o when_o that_o this_o be_v approach_v it_o make_v a_o horrible_a noise_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o hear_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o mile_n in_o calais_n in_o france_n be_v a_o well_o into_o which_o if_o that_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v in_o a_o noise_n will_v be_v hear_v like_o thunder_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o well_o in_o the_o alps_n be_v wells_n who_o water_n be_v drink_v off_o contract_v swell_n of_o a_o great_a bigness_n hang_v from_o their_o neck_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n at_o the_o town_n antiquarius_fw-la be_v
a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a force_n that_o it_o dissolve_v stone_n near_o unto_o tours_n in_o france_n be_v cave_n to_o be_v see_v term_v common_o les_fw-fr cave_n gouttieres_n from_o the_o roof_n of_o which_o the_o water_n which_o fall_v be_v form_v into_o divers_a shape_n as_o nut_n almond_n and_o the_o like_a the_o hot_a fountain_n of_o japan_n burn_v all_o thing_n and_o devour_v cloth_n iron_z flesh_n etc._n etc._n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v divers_a other_o example_n from_o other_o author_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o this_o classis_fw-la if_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o any_o of_o the_o former_a the_o cause_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o peculiar_a situation_n and_o property_n of_o each_o place_n proposition_n xviii_o to_o enumerate_v those_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n and_o those_o which_o ebb_n and_o flow_v continual_o of_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o this_o proposition_n belong_v not_o to_o this_o chapter_n but_o to_o the_o precede_a yet_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o wonder_n of_o water_n and_o be_v neglect_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n here_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o a_o fountain_n situate_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n in_o the_o province_n of_o canaugh_n in_o ireland_n the_o water_n eb_v and_o flow_v every_o day_n with_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o fountain_n louzara_n which_o be_v in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n of_o galaecia_n call_v cabreti_n 20_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n also_o in_o aquitain_n in_o the_o village_n marsacus_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o imitate_v the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o swell_v with_o the_o increase_n of_o garumnae_fw-la in_o bordeaux_n elsewhere_o there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v fountain_n which_o augment_v and_o decrease_v contrary_a to_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n in_o wales_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n be_v a_o pool_n call_v linliguna_n which_o swallow_v in_o the_o marine_a flood_n whilst_o that_o they_o arise_v but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o and_o the_o flood_n of_o the_o sea_n cease_v than_o it_o rise_v with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o vomit_v out_o the_o water_n with_o which_o it_o cover_v the_o bank_n in_o biscay_n there_o be_v the_o four_o spring_n tamarici_n whereof_o three_o every_o day_n be_v so_o dry_v twelve_o time_n as_o if_o that_o no_o water_n be_v in_o they_o as_o pliny_n report_v but_o i_o question_v whether_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n in_o savoy_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o note_a magnitude_n callen_v wonderful_a which_o sink_v low_a twice_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o twice_o flow_v and_o before_o that_o it_o flow_v and_o do_v break_v forth_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n it_o flow_v into_o the_o lake_n burgites_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o foix_n in_o languedoc_n rise_v the_o river_n ler_n which_o in_o the_o month_n june_n july_n and_o august_n eb_v and_o flow_v 24_o time_n in_o a_o day_n bertius_n see_v bertius_n in_o a_o region_n of_o westphalia_n call_v paderborn_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o every_o day_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o so_o much_o water_n that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fountain_n the_o water_n drive_v four_o water-mill_n and_o it_o break_v forth_o with_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o the_o province_n of_o wallis_n in_o germany_n be_v a_o fountain_n call_v the_o fountain_n of_o st._n marry_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v in_o the_o autumn_n at_o the_o day_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n and_o return_v in_o may._n the_o pool_n or_o lake_n maron_n in_o palestine_n be_v so_o dry_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o bring_v forth_o herb_n and_o shrub_n so_o high_a that_o lion_n wolf_n and_o other_o wild_a beast_n do_v abide_v there_o in_o spain_n two_o mile_n from_o valindolid_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o arise_v in_o may_n and_o fall_v in_o november_n all_o bath_n flow_v without_o any_o cessation_n or_o change_n except_o those_o that_o be_v in_o rhaetia_n and_o be_v call_v the_o pepper_n bath_n for_o they_o flow_v only_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o three_o of_o may_n to_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n than_o they_o cease_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n or_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o watery_a superficies_n into_o the_o earthy_a and_o the_o contrary_n proposition_n i._o to_o know_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v how_o great_a it_o be_v and_o that_o which_o the_o earth_n occupi_v possess_v of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v we_o can_v accurate_o know_v this_o because_o we_o be_v ignorant_a whether_o the_o sea_n or_o land_n do_v possess_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n polaryland_n moreover_o because_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v terminate_v on_o the_o globe_n by_o a_o irregular_a bend_n of_o the_o line_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o compute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n but_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o collect_v in_o gross_a from_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n seem_v almost_o equal_a so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v half_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o also_o be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n proposition_n ii_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n but_o sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a and_o when_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n be_v diminish_v for_o the_o sea_n overflow_v sometime_o here_o sometime_o there_o or_o take_v away_o and_o carry_v with_o it_o so_o therefore_o his_o superficies_n be_v augment_v more_o or_o less_o as_o it_o have_v overflow_v a_o great_a or_o less_o tract_n of_o land_n as_o in_o time_n past_o it_o do_v in_o thessaly_n yet_o this_o variety_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v yet_o know_v have_v a_o very_a little_a proportion_n unto_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v make_v great_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o eighteen_o proposition_n proposition_n iii_o to_o compute_v what_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o earth_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n contain_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o water_n which_o the_o earth_n contain_v for_o the_o find_n out_o the_o accurate_a and_o true_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o land_n first_o we_o ought_v to_o know_v both_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o its_o depth_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o the_o subterraneous_a heap_n of_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v examine_v all_o which_o see_v that_o we_o can_v find_v out_o by_o any_o method_n therefore_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o accurate_a quantity_n of_o the_o water_n or_o land_n but_o only_o from_o certain_a hypothesis_n viz._n we_o lay_v down_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v half_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o profundity_n to_o be_v quarter_n or_o half_a a_o mile_n neither_o do_v we_o reckon_v the_o water_n in_o subterraneous_a channel_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n may_v be_v thus_o find_v out_o take_v a_o quarter_n or_o half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n may_v be_v find_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o residue_n let_v this_o solidity_n be_v take_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o half_a of_o the_o residue_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o half_n substract_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n leave_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o must_v be_v add_v a_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o water_n or_o of_o the_o former_a half_n but_o these_o be_v uncertainty_n from_o suppose_a uncertainty_n or_o at_o least_o nigh_o unto_o truth_n proposition_n iu._n the_o water_n may_v leave_v the_o shore_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o do_v occupy_v for_o divers_a cause_n so_o that_o the_o land_n may_v appear_v dry_a where_o the_o water_n or_o sea_n be_v before_o and_o so_o a_o new_a land_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v generate_v water_n a_o sevenfold_o tract_n of_o water_n there_o be_v a_o sevenfold_a tract_n of_o water_n viz._n 1._o the_o ocean_n 2._o gulf_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n 3._o
strait_n 4._o river_n 5._o lake_n 6._o pool_n and_o 7._o marsh_n 1._o marsh_n may_v be_v exsiccate_v or_o drain_v either_o by_o subduction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o exsiccation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o none_o can_v doubt_v for_o in_o many_o region_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a where_o there_o be_v marsh_n some_o year_n since_o as_o in_o westphalia_n gelderland_n brabant_n holland_n muscovia_n 2._o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o pool_n see_v that_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o marsh_n proposition_n v._o rivers_n leave_v their_o channel_n or_o shoar_n that_o be_v part_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n land_n river_n quit_v their_o shoar_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n 1._o if_o that_o they_o carry_v much_o terrestrial_a matter_n sand_n or_o gravel_n with_o they_o which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o progress_n of_o they_o time_n so_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o depress_v than_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la earth_n but_o if_o that_o that_o matter_n sink_v into_o one_o place_n in_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v separate_v one_o part_n which_o then_o at_o length_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n take_v another_o channel_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o a_o violent_a cause_n as_o by_o wind_n inundation_n or_o the_o like_a 3._o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n be_v obstruct_v or_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v fall_v in_o or_o condensated_a or_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o fountain_n or_o adjacent_a place_n example_n of_o river_n who_o channel_n be_v exsiccate_v at_o this_o time_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v every_o where_o obvious_a in_o writer_n yet_o not_o of_o great_a river_n but_o of_o small_a or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o great_a river_n so_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o flow_v by_o leyden_n flow_v in_o time_n pass_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n now_o for_o some_o age_n desert_v by_o the_o water_n at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n the_o rhine_n stagnate_v between_o leyden_n and_o the_o vicus_n cattorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v uncover_v from_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o that_o some_o river_n run_v in_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n than_o they_o do_v former_o be_v manifest_a from_o many_o example_n and_o from_o thence_o that_o some_o at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o navigable_a which_o former_o be_v may_v easy_o be_v collect_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o their_o channel_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o as_o in_o the_o river_n scaldis_n therefore_o governor_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o mud_n and_o sediment_n be_v draw_v from_o out_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o they_o may_v remain_v navigable_a as_o be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n but_o great_a river_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v into_o land_n except_o in_o many_o age_n because_o that_o many_o lesser_a river_n flow_v from_o divers_a part_n make_v they_o of_o which_o though_o some_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v their_o course_n yet_o all_o do_v not_o suffer_v the_o same_o except_o in_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v deep_a but_o one_o heap_n or_o ridge_n of_o sand_n may_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o run_v through_o another_o channel_n and_o the_o former_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o river_n except_o the_o fountain_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v obstruct_v therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o neither_o the_o nile_n tanais_n albis_n or_o the_o rhine_n or_o other_o river_n always_o flow_v or_o shall_v perpetual_o flow_v but_o that_o there_o be_v earth_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v afterward_o where_o they_o now_o flow_v proposition_n vi_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n land_n lake_n dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n be_v constitute_v from_o river_n that_o flow_v in_o that_o mutation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o abduction_n withdraw_a or_o cessation_n of_o the_o river_n and_o also_o by_o evaporation_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n receive_v water_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n there_o will_v be_v a_o mutation_n of_o that_o lake_n after_o that_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v obstruct_v and_o so_o lake_n be_v first_o change_v into_o stand_a pool_n and_o marsh_n then_o at_o length_n into_o dry_a land_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v aristotle_n that_o because_o a_o force_n of_o water_n have_v bring_v in_o mud_n or_o something_o of_o that_o sort_n he_o speak_v of_o lake_n make_v of_o river_n therefore_o stand_v pool_n be_v make_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a and_o that_o their_o water_n be_v leave_v and_o stand_a in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v exsiccate_v and_o altogether_o vanish_v so_o the_o land_n that_o touch_v upon_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n by_o the_o soil_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n be_v increase_v so_o much_o that_o ship_n now_o far_o less_o than_o those_o about_o 60_o year_n since_o for_o traffic_v sake_n enter_v into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v of_o small_a lake_n change_v into_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o holland_n proposition_n vii_o strait_n be_v exsiccate_v and_o change_v into_o isthmuss_n or_o continent_n that_o happen_v streights_n streights_n when_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a sink_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n make_v in_o a_o long_a time_n the_o channel_n of_o the_o straight_o be_v become_v so_o high_a that_o it_o deni_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o africa_n and_o asia_n be_v a_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o red-sea_n be_v conjoin_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n in_o many_o strait_n at_o this_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v find_v lesser_a than_o in_o former_a time_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n that_o those_o strait_n shall_v have_v no_o water_n in_o they_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o dry_a isthmus_n so_o the_o straight_a through_o which_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n make_v a_o gulf_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v snyder-zee_a and_o the_o texell_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v no_o large_a land_n ship_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o year_n find_v lesser_a and_o the_o land_n high_o therefore_o where_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o texell_n there_o after_o some_o age_n will_v be_v dry_a land_n concern_v the_o vlier_n the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v will_v also_o happen_v proposition_n viii_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n which_o the_o ocean_n make_v between_o the_o mid-land_n in_o course_n of_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a place_n land_n bay_n or_o gulf_n in_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a land_n this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o bay_n be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n become_v a_o isthmus_n or_o else_o be_v stop_v by_o sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o be_v do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o by_o this_o cause_n the_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o a_o part_n or_o member_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n and_o shall_v become_v a_o lake_n and_o then_o a_o stand_a pool_n and_o marish_a and_o by_o exsiccation_n become_v earth_n and_o no_o water_n shall_v be_v see_v there_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o bay_n become_v high_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v into_o it_o and_z carrying_z sand_n along_o with_o it_o that_o it_o in_o time_n can_v receive_v the_o sea_n so_o by_o degree_n the_o sea_n will_v recede_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o bay_n therefore_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a the_o red_a persian_a and_o other_o sea_n that_o be_v bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n will_v cease_v in_o time_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o will_v be_v change_v into_o land_n which_o shall_v be_v full_o prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o the_o ocean_n for_o sake_v some_o shore_n or_o coast_n so_o that_o it_o become_v land_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v be_v now_o land_n by_o its_o forsake_v the_o shore_n that_o happen_v for_o these_o cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o force_n of_o water_n be_v break_v at_o the_o shore_n by_o rock_n here_o and_o there_o on_o the_o coast_n or_o cliff_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o
force_n be_v break_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n subside_o and_o sink_v and_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n be_v more_o and_o more_o break_a and_o therefore_o more_o terrestrial_a matter_n subside_v so_o that_o the_o ridge_n be_v augment_v they_o exclude_v the_o ocean_n or_o make_v the_o channel_n more_o shallow_a 2._o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o shore_n if_o that_o the_o shore_n be_v sandy_a and_o stony_a that_o the_o ocean_n run_v by_o can_v separate_v or_o take_v away_o little_a with_o it_o so_o that_o when_o it_o can_v take_v away_o nothing_o it_o always_o leave_v some_o particle_n that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n the_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a and_o force_n or_o stop_v the_o ocean_n from_o its_o accustom_a place_n 3._o if_o that_o another_o adjacent_a shore_n have_v less_o solid_a earth_n that_o be_v light_a and_o full_a of_o cavern_n for_o the_o ocean_n carry_v the_o dissolve_a and_o break_a part_n of_o earth_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la shore_n 4._o if_o that_o great_a river_n discharge_v themselves_o by_o the_o shore_n into_o that_o sea_n for_o these_o river_n carry_v with_o they_o much_o sand_n and_o mud_n or_o gravel_n when_o that_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o mouth_n and_o shore_n where_o they_o endeavour_v to_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n they_o leave_v it_o partly_o because_o the_o channel_n be_v there_o more_o broad_a and_o partly_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n resist_v the_o flux_n of_o they_o and_o this_o be_v chief_o observe_v in_o region_n which_o river_n overflow_v every_o year_n 5._o if_o that_o frequent_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v rocky_a and_o firm_a not_o sandy_a 6._o if_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v swift_a and_o vehement_a and_o the_o reflux_n slow_a and_o gentle_a for_o the_o gentle_a reflux_n take_v not_o away_o the_o matter_n that_o the_o swift_a flux_n bring_v but_o suffer_v it_o to_o sink_v if_o that_o the_o shore_n descend_v oblique_o into_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o long_a space_n and_o bend_v not_o down_o direct_o and_o perpendicular_o for_o so_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n decrease_v and_o leave_v the_o matter_n behind_o nile_n the_o land_n of_o egypt_n cause_v by_o the_o nile_n there_o be_v many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v former_o take_v up_o by_o the_o ocean_n where_o egypt_n be_v in_o time_n past_o be_v the_o sea_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o by_o experience_n at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o nile_n flow_v from_o the_o remote_a region_n of_o aethiopia_n and_o every_o year_n enter_v the_o channel_n where_o it_o swell_v it_o expand_v itself_o through_o all_o egypt_n where_o when_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n cease_v the_o mud_n sink_v and_o also_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o the_o swift_a course_n of_o the_o river_n bring_v in_o and_o so_o egypt_n become_v high_a and_o before_o that_o so_o much_o matter_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o nile_n than_o the_o sea_n cover_v the_o land_n of_o egypt_n but_o now_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o admit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o height_n of_o this_o aristotle_n and_o other_o be_v witness_n his_o word_n be_v these_o this_o place_n and_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o egypt_n which_o be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o river_n seem_v always_o to_o become_v more_o dry_a and_o because_o that_o the_o marsh_n by_o degree_n dry_v up_o the_o adjacent_a place_n begin_v to_o be_v inhabit_v the_o length_n of_o time_n obliterated_a the_o begin_n of_o it_o therefore_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o that_o of_o canopus_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o river_n moreover_o all_o egypt_n ancient_o consist_v of_o a_o city_n call_v thebes_n as_o be_v very_o manifest_a which_o homer_n also_o declare_v who_o flourish_v as_o i_o have_v say_v after_o this_o mutation_n for_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o that_o place_n as_o if_o that_o memphis_n as_o yet_o have_v no_o be_v or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o big_a seneca_n here_o explain_v it_o more_o clear_o all_o egypt_n say_v he_o be_v make_v up_o of_o mud_n for_o if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v homer_n pharos_n be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o continent_n as_o that_o a_o ship_n with_o a_o full_a spread_v sail_n can_v hard_o measure_v or_o encompass_v it_o in_o a_o whole_a day_n but_o it_o be_v now_o adjoin_v to_o the_o continent_n for_o the_o nile_n flow_v muddy_a and_o trouble_a and_o draw_v much_o mud_n with_o it_o and_o so_o add_v to_o it_o the_o former_a land_n have_v make_v egypt_n large_a by_o a_o annual_a increase_n hence_o the_o soil_n be_v muddy_a and_o fat_a neither_o have_v it_o any_o interval_n in_o it_o but_o have_v increase_v to_o a_o solidity_n land_n the_o river_n ganges_n and_o indus_n by_o their_o inundation_n both_o cause_n also_o land_n ganges_n and_o indus_n in_o india_n both_o famous_a river_n have_v cause_v the_o same_o by_o their_o inundation_n that_o the_o nile_n have_v also_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o brazil_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o china_n be_v generate_v or_o at_o least_o augment_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o violent_a river_n which_o they_o call_v the_o yellow_a river_n flow_v from_o tartary_n into_o china_n often_o overflow_a although_o not_o in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n have_v so_o much_o sand_n and_o gravel_n that_o it_o make_v the_o three_o part_n of_o its_o water_n these_o example_n demonstrate_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o four_o place_n viz._n why_o river_n shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o forsake_v the_o shoar_n but_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v also_o oftentimes_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o departure_n in_o divers_a region_n viz._n whilst_o that_o it_o carry_v and_o lay_v down_o the_o matter_n by_o which_o the_o channel_n and_o shoar_n acquire_v the_o great_a altitude_n and_o admit_v not_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o holland_n zealand_n and_o gelderland_n be_v make_v for_o that_o the_o ocean_n in_o time_n pass_v possess_v these_o country_n be_v know_v both_o from_o ancient_a history_n or_o monument_n as_o also_o from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n find_v on_o the_o cliff_n or_o high_a part_n of_o gelderland_n not_o far_o from_o noviomagus_n do_v sufficient_o testify_v the_o same_o as_o also_o shrub_n and_o ouzey_a matter_n find_v in_o the_o profundity_n of_o the_o soil_n add_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n of_o these_o region_n and_o have_v overflow_v it_o and_o will_v cover_v it_o again_o if_o that_o it_o be_v not_o obstruct_v by_o bank_n of_o sand_n and_o rampart_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o that_o say_v they_o suppose_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o mosa_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a proposition_n x._o to_o show_v the_o generation_n of_o sandy-bank_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o elsewhere_o bank_n the_o generation_n of_o sandy_a bank_n we_o term_v those_o bank_n of_o sand_n that_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n neither_o do_v they_o differ_v from_o rock_n but_o that_o their_o part_n do_v cohere_v and_o be_v condensated_a but_o the_o sand-bank_n do_v not_o consist_v of_o part_n very_o coherent_a but_o these_o word_n be_v oftentimes_o confound_v the_o sand-bank_n do_v either_o lie_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n as_o many_o be_v in_o the_o wolga_n and_o the_o albis_n or_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n which_o be_v frequent_a as_o in_o the_o wolga_n and_o the_o albis_n or_o on_o the_o seashore_n or_o amid_o sea_n the_o mode_n of_o the_o generation_n be_v the_o same_o by_o which_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n that_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n be_v dry_v and_o the_o sea_n forsake_v the_o shore_n for_o so_o oftentimes_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o ocean_n before_o that_o it_o leave_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o first_o generate_v this_o ridge_n of_o sand_n not_o far_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o so_o by_o degree_n retreat_v back_o and_o these_o bank_n become_v part_n of_o the_o continent_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n it_o happen_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n before_o that_o they_o be_v whole_o dry_v and_o forsake_v by_o the_o water_n the_o most_o frequent_a cause_n be_v when_o river_n be_v augment_v by_o rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n and_o so_o run_v violent_o for_o then_o where_o their_o motion_n be_v more_o vehement_a and_o channel_n more_o narrow_a they_o eat_v off_o the_o mud_n
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
proceed_v from_o dry_a body_n so_o shall_v ammoniac_a vanish_v into_o smoke_n fire_n be_v place_v under_o it_o this_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o divers_a region_n a_o different_a air_n be_v discover_v also_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n and_o not_o in_o another_o proposition_n v._o the_o least_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n and_o those_o all_o insensible_a repel_v or_o reflect_v the_o ray_n as_o a_o looking-glass_n but_o some_o of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sensible_a and_o compound_v do_v transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o reflect_v few_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a transmit_v few_o ray_n and_o reflect_v more_o therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divide_v into_o those_o that_o be_v opac_n and_o pellucid_a atmosphere_n the_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n these_o be_v those_o that_o transmit_v many_o ray_n the_o former_a be_v those_o that_o transmit_v few_o therefore_o because_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n both_o water_n and_o earth_n be_v atom_n be_v solid_a little_a body_n without_o any_o pore_n so_o that_o they_o transmit_v no_o ray_n but_o repel_v they_o because_o that_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o a_o perspicuity_n or_o a_o transmission_n of_o ray_n do_v require_v pore_n orderly_o place_v in_o a_o body_n and_o empty_a little_a space_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n compose_v of_o little_a particle_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v ordinate_a and_o many_o pore_n they_o will_v be_v perspicuous_a and_o transmit_v many_o ray_n but_o if_o that_o those_o particle_n shall_v be_v compose_v or_o aggregated_a very_a confuse_o they_o will_v transmit_v ray_n without_o any_o pore_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sun_n discuss_v a_o thick_a cloudy_a opac_n air_n do_v make_v it_o perspicuous_a to_o wit_n more_o porous_a now_o that_o the_o least_o particle_n reflect_v ray_n be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o most_o serene_a air_n be_v admit_v into_o a_o obscure_a chamber_n through_o a_o narrow_a hole_n you_o will_v see_v manifest_o from_o the_o particle_n fly_v in_o a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o air_n that_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v to_o the_o eye_n as_o from_o a_o glass_n now_o see_v that_o those_o particle_n be_v yet_o sensible_a the_o same_o must_v be_v conclude_v concern_v the_o least_o particle_n and_o those_o that_o fly_v the_o sense_n now_o those_o who_o will_v have_v humid_a attenuate_v vapour_n to_o be_v perspicuous_a but_o not_o dry_a one_o and_o smoke_v they_o be_v refute_v by_o experience_n and_o reason_n by_o reason_n because_o that_o fume_n and_o dry_a exhalation_n may_v be_v make_v equal_o subtle_a and_o porous_a as_o those_o that_o be_v watery_a but_o they_o suppose_v that_o perspicuity_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o mode_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o pore_n but_o in_o a_o peculiar_a quality_n but_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v serene_a it_o have_v more_o dry_a than_o moist_a particle_n for_o in_o that_o new_a kind_n of_o windgun_n which_o be_v not_o discharge_v by_o powder_n or_o fire_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o wind_n and_o air_n the_o air_n be_v so_o condensated_a that_o it_o scarce_o comprehend_v the_o sixti_v part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n yet_o neither_o do_v they_o create_v any_o kind_n of_o humidity_n in_o the_o gun_n which_o must_v altogether_o happen_v if_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o serene_a air_n be_v watery_a proposition_n vi_o exhalation_n do_v not_o ascend_v of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n upward_o but_o they_o be_v force_v by_o a_o violent_a motion_n or_o the_o air_n be_v not_o light_v but_o heavy_a in_o a_o proper_a mode_n of_o expression_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v term_v grave_n or_o heavy_a be_v move_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o that_o it_o be_v hinder_v but_o the_o air_n do_v that_o for_o the_o earth_n be_v dig_v up_o the_o air_n descend_v into_o the_o space_n make_v that_o therefore_o it_o be_v carry_v upward_o be_v thus_o perform_v 1._o that_o heat_n rarifi_v it_o to_o seek_v a_o great_a space_n 2._o because_o that_o it_o be_v force_v by_o another_o vapour_n so_o in_o cold_a place_n as_o in_o nova_n zembla_n and_o with_o we_o in_o the_o night_n season_n no_o mist_n ascend_v but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n approach_v rarifi_v it_o and_o cause_v one_o part_n to_o force_v out_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o other_o for_o if_o that_o those_o small_a particle_n of_o air_n be_v free_a neither_o mutual_o implicate_v one_o within_o another_o then_o at_o length_n it_o will_v be_v light_a proposition_n vii_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v more_o subtle_a than_o the_o low_a yet_o it_o may_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o middle_a part_n may_v be_v more_o gross_a and_o condense_a than_o the_o low_a part_n about_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o light_a part_n fly_v to_o the_o upper_a place_n they_o be_v more_o subtle_a and_o light_a hence_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v manifest_a now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o latter_a member_n be_v that_o the_o part_n in_o the_o middle_a air_n easy_o counite_v again_o and_o so_o become_v thick_a for_o the_o hot_a or_o calid_a particle_n be_v carry_v up_o with_o they_o have_v forsake_v they_o and_o the_o ray_n refract_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o middle_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o distance_n have_v no_o force_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o after_o rain_n the_o middle_a air_n be_v more_o serene_a because_o the_o more_o thick_a part_n be_v separate_v proposition_n viii_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o now_o by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o destitute_a of_o heat_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o contract_v itself_o and_o occupi_v the_o lesser_a space_n before_o the_o air_n be_v heat_v possess_v more_o space_n than_o before_o this_o be_v excellent_o show_v by_o that_o instrument_n which_o we_o call_v a_o thermometer_n or_o weatherglass_n because_o that_o we_o measure_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o heat_n by_o in_o in_o hot_a and_o cold_a in_o which_o we_o discover_v the_o air_n to_o become_v more_o condense_v and_o to_o occupy_v lesser_a space_n in_o the_o glass_n by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n acquire_v less_o heat_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n now_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o proportion_n be_v a_o priore_fw-la because_o the_o calid_a particle_n either_o of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o another_o fire_n be_v most_o subtle_a of_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o in_o continual_a motion_n therefore_o those_o atmosphere_n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v admix_v separate_a and_o divide_v these_o particle_n with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o so_o cause_v more_o pore_n and_o these_o little_a fire_n depart_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n leave_v to_o themselves_o unite_v again_o or_o be_v mutual_o complicate_v within_o themselves_o corollary_n therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o constant_a but_o decrease_v and_o increase_v viz._n at_o noonday_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a at_o midnight_n least_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moderate_a as_o in_o proposition_n fourteen_o proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o thermometer_n thermoscope_n or_o weatherglass_n by_o which_o we_o may_v discover_v the_o mutation_n of_o the_o air_n in_o heat_n and_o cold_a take_v a_o glass_n of_o a_o oblong_a and_o cylindrical_a neck_n with_o the_o spherical_a small_a head_n l_o h_n weatherglass_n how_o to_o make_v a_o thermomemeter_n or_o weatherglass_n let_v this_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o table_n or_o board_n m_o n_o p_o q_o the_o head_n be_v erect_v let_v a_o vessel_n with_o water_n be_v place_v under_o the_o orifice_n which_o be_v best_a to_o be_v colour_v so_o fill_v that_o part_n of_o the_o pipe_n or_o neck_n l_o f_o may_v be_v hide_v in_o it_o now_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o moderate_a constitution_n of_o the_o air_n or_o at_o that_o time_n at_o who_o temperature_n you_o will_v compare_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n of_o the_o other_o day_n and_o at_o that_o time_n let_v the_o water_n be_v pour_v into_o the_o vessel_n so_o it_o will_v happen_v that_o the_o air_n become_v more_o frigid_a scheme_n sec_n scheme_n the_o water_n will_v ascend_v upward_o beyond_o f_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condensated_a with_o cold_a which_o before_o fill_v up_o the_o space_n f_o a_n now_o possess_v less_o space_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o air_n be_v render_v more_o hot_a the_o water_n will_v descend_v from_o f_o towards_o l_o because_o that_o the_o
air_n f_o h_n be_v rarify_v now_o require_v more_o space_n now_o you_o will_v find_v the_o degree_n of_o accretion_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a if_o that_o you_o divide_v the_o line_n f_o a_o on_o the_o table_n into_o certain_a part_n of_o number_n or_o without_o put_v a_o vessel_n under_o set_v the_o glass_n l_o h_n even_o at_o the_o extremity_n l_o have_v a_o globe_n with_o a_o little_a hole_n from_o the_o side_n and_o let_v this_o globular_a vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n for_o so_o also_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v be_v show_v by_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n proposition_n x._o the_o serene_a air_n may_v be_v carry_v so_o by_o a_o most_o vehement_a fire_n that_o it_o may_v occupy_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v before_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v so_o condense_v in_o a_o windgun_n that_o it_o may_v only_o possess_v a_o 60_o part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n bring_v not_o so_o great_a a_o rarification_n or_o the_o cold_a so_o great_a a_o condensation_n to_o the_o air_n the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o that_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o aeolopile_n and_o heat_n it_o with_o fire_n so_o that_o it_o may_v then_o contain_v 13_o ounce_n but_o the_o same_o be_v cold_a and_o return_v to_o its_o former_a natural_a estate_n it_o will_v contain_v 13_o ounce_n a_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a therefore_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n occupy_v whilst_o that_o it_o be_v hot_a be_v great_a than_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n possess_v when_o refrigerated_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o space_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o aeolopile_n that_o receive_v half_o a_o dram_n of_o water_n if_o that_o the_o whole_a receive_v 13_o ounce_n with_o half_a a_o dram_n and_o the_o part_n of_o this_o aeolopile_n be_v almost_o the_o 70_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a space_n in_o the_o aeolopile_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a have_v possess_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v when_o it_o return_v to_o its_o natural_a estate_n proposition_n xi_o why_o in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n at_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v not_o altogether_o unto_o they_o on_o some_o day_n the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o serene_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n cloudy_a and_o foggy_a zone_n of_o the_o air_n in_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n i_o answer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o gross_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a mist_n or_o fog_n be_v the_o small_a heat_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a earth_n itself_o or_o else_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o likewise_o the_o moon_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o sun_n remain_v many_o day_n and_o night_n continual_o above_o the_o horizon_n &_o the_o other_o star_n which_o heat_n because_o it_o be_v weak_a can_v dissipate_v this_o mist_n now_o that_o some_o day_n or_o night_n afford_v a_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n this_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o thick_a vapour_n be_v attenuate_v but_o because_o that_o they_o either_o sink_v down_o into_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v force_v into_o other_o place_n by_o the_o wind_n proposition_n xii_o why_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n the_o air_n be_v yet_o subtle_a and_o serene_a when_o that_o yet_o the_o cold_a condensate_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n winter_n the_o air_n subtle_a and_o serene_a in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n cold_n be_v twofold_a moderate_a or_o extreme_a moderate_a cold_a render_v not_o the_o air_n serene_a but_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n that_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v but_o not_o discuss_v by_o that_o little_a heat_n which_o be_v mix_v or_o adjoin_v to_o that_o cold_a but_o a_o extreme_a cold_a make_v the_o air_n serene_a for_o a_o twofold_a reason_n 1._o because_o it_o render_v the_o grosser_n vapour_n of_o the_o air_n more_o gross_a and_o so_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v and_o make_v the_o air_n more_o subtle_a 2._o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v and_o bind_v up_o and_o the_o vapour_n themselves_o can_v exhale_v and_o render_v the_o air_n turbid_v the_o sea_n itself_o indeed_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o with_o ice_n yet_o the_o particle_n be_v so_o condensated_a with_o ice_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a for_o exhalation_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o many_o for_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v different_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o the_o air_n be_v behold_v at_o the_o horizontal_n line_n appear_v more_o thick_a and_o cloudy_a than_o that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o that_o the_o air_n about_o the_o horizon_n be_v indeed_o more_o cloudy_a the_o other_o be_v a_o fallacy_n or_o deception_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o judgement_n from_o our_o sight_n for_o the_o eye_n apprehend_v the_o distance_n of_o column_n place_v in_o a_o long_a order_n and_o series_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o judgement_n suppose_v the_o remote_a column_n to_o be_v conjoin_v so_o also_o it_o apprehend_v not_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o horizontal_n air_n but_o imagine_v they_o conjoin_v but_o the_o eye_n behold_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o elevate_a air_n under_o great_a angle_n and_o therefore_o better_a apprehend_v it_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n which_o appear_v cloudy_a to_o we_o remove_v from_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o it_o or_o be_v in_o it_o seem_v less_o misty_a or_o cloudy_a proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n and_o whether_o its_o figure_n be_v spherical_a atmosphere_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o the_o altitude_n be_v not_o the_o same_o but_o divers_a in_o sundry_a place_n seem_v to_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v only_o vertical_a to_o one_o place_n at_o one_o time_n and_o it_o send_v forth_o oblique_a ray_n and_o therefore_o more_o weak_a unto_o other_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n therefore_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o different_a to_o the_o elevate_n of_o the_o vapour_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v raise_v to_o different_a altitude_n to_o wit_n in_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a his_o altitude_n be_v the_o great_a in_o the_o opposite_a place_n the_o lesser_a in_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n moderate_a so_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v a_o oval_a figure_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v more_o probable_a viz._n that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n for_o although_o that_o the_o vapour_n and_o air_n be_v more_o elevate_v in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o yet_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v fluid_a and_o tend_v by_o its_o gravity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o air_n press_v down_o the_o air_n place_v under_o it_o and_o this_o thrust_v down_o another_o more_o depress_v until_o all_o the_o part_n acquire_v the_o same_o altitude_n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v demonstrate_v as_o in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n we_o have_v prove_v with_o archimedes_n concern_v the_o water_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o same_o hypothesis_n be_v prevalent_a here_o which_o we_o there_o assume_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n less_o press_v be_v expel_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o press_v for_o every_o part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o air_n that_o be_v above_o it_o wherefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spherical_a not_o oval_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o but_o if_o the_o forementioned_a hypothesis_n be_v not_o grant_v the_o demonstration_n fall_v des_fw-mi cartes_n also_o make_v the_o air_n oval_n in_o figure_n for_o a_o peculiar_a reason_n see_v chapter_n fourteen_o proposition_n xv._o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n altitude_n condensation_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n because_o that_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n be_v not_o condense_v but_o only_o some_o part_n and_o at_o all_o time_n some_o part_n be_v condense_v sometime_o these_o sometime_o those_o wherefore_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o one_o time_n do_v no_o more_o alterare_fw-la the_o air_n than_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o first_o time_n there_o only_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o difference_n that_o at_o one_o time_n there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n than_o at_o another_o but_o this_o
difference_n can_v little_o augment_v the_o altitude_n proposition_n xvi_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v not_o only_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n but_o it_o remain_v the_o same_o and_o that_o constant_o at_o all_o time_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n place_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n for_o although_o that_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n of_o our_o place_n may_v more_o elevate_v also_o our_o air_n more_o than_o in_o winter_n yet_o because_o that_o the_o winter_n be_v at_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v less_o raise_v in_o it_o wherefore_o part_n of_o our_o air_n shall_v be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v less_o elevate_v viz._n to_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a whilst_o that_o the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v depress_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o winter_n part_n of_o this_o air_n where_o the_o summer_n or_o the_o great_a heat_n be_v shall_v be_v move_v towards_o our_o place_n viz._n until_o the_o whole_a air_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n concern_v the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n for_o whilst_o that_o the_o air_n be_v depress_v and_o contract_v in_o the_o night_n to_o we_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v more_o rarefy_a and_o so_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n until_o it_o again_o make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n and_o because_o that_o all_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n therefore_o the_o name_n altitude_n shall_v remain_v in_o every_o time_n but_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v more_o in_o one_o time_n and_o place_n than_o in_o another_o that_o difference_n see_v that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a can_v very_o little_o vary_v the_o altitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o rains_n or_o mist_n or_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o we_o or_o in_o another_o place_n for_o to_o these_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v less_o or_o more_o but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o time_n in_o which_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rain_v not_o and_o that_o the_o mist_n fall_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n the_o air_n become_v not_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v before_o because_o that_o before_o it_o rain_v in_o another_o place_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v neither_o augment_v nor_o diminish_v proposition_n xvii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o cold_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v condense_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o condense_v in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n to_o wit_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n now_o watery_a thick_a exhalation_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o night_n cause_n and_o augment_v that_o condensation_n especial_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n condense_a the_o cold_o the_o air_n the_o more_o condense_a the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n neither_o do_v it_o obstruct_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o more_o not_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o more_o cold_a as_o to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n because_o that_o not_o that_o itself_o but_o another_o adjoin_a approachment_n by_o reason_n of_o continual_a protrusion_n and_o if_o that_o that_o happen_v yet_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n that_o become_v also_o cold_a proposition_n xviii_o there_o be_v three_o region_n vulgar_o make_v in_o the_o air_n whereof_o the_o middle_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o snow_n rain_n and_o hail_n be_v generate_v the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o three_o be_v that_o which_o begin_v the_o uttermost_a bind_v of_o the_o middle_a region_n and_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n even_o to_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o affirm_v air._n three_o region_n in_o the_o air._n the_o middle_a region_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o the_o first_o and_o three_o which_o be_v reckon_v more_o hot_a but_o the_o three_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v more_o subtle_a fiery_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o exhalation_n which_o fly_v to_o it_o about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o be_v thrust_v down_o as_o more_o light_n the_o aristotelian_o say_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o fiery-sphere_n but_o the_o first_o because_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v be_v â—eaâ—_n there_o reflex_v and_o so_o duplicate_v the_o heat_n it_o happen_v that_o some_o particle_n of_o subterraneous_a fire_n exhale_v be_v in_o this_o region_n but_o the_o middle_a region_n iâ—_n more_o cold_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n be_v there_o vicine_fw-la to_o those_o that_o fall_v in_o on_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v they_o contain_v any_o fiery_a sulphureous_a particle_n but_o watery_a one_o for_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o fiery_a one_o that_o have_v carry_v up_o the_o watery_a one_o fly_v high_o proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a recede_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o distant_a the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n be_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o rain_n snow_n hail_o begin_v to_o be_v generate_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v fall_v more_o oblique_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n than_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o ray_n refract_v be_v much_o withdraw_v from_o those_o fall_n in_o and_o so_o cause_v lesser_a heat_n and_o for_o a_o lesser_a space_n than_o the_o ray_n under_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o in_o a_o more_o near_a place_n the_o watery_a vapour_n may_v unite_v to_o generate_v watery_a meteor_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n or_o rather_o elliptical_a or_o sphere_n like_a protuberate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n proposition_n xx._n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o distance_n the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v distant_a from_o that_o earth_n that_o begin_v the_o three_o or_o in_o which_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v for_o there_o be_v the_o few_o and_o more_o subtle_a particle_n in_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n because_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n elicitate_v few_o from_o the_o earth_n therefore_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o particle_n of_o the_o three_o region_n under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n than_o in_o the_o temperate_a and_o in_o this_o few_o than_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o yet_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o that_o three_o region_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o according_a to_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o region_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o three_o be_v spherical_a and_o protuberate_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n all_o these_o must_v be_v show_v to_o youth_n by_o diagram_n proposition_n xxi_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v not_o direct_o arrive_v at_o our_o eye_n from_o the_o aether_n through_o the_o air_n but_o where_o they_o enter_v the_o air_n they_o be_v withdraw_v or_o deflect_v a_o little_a from_o a_o direct_a passage_n which_o the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n term_v to_o refract_v the_o ray_n and_o so_o those_o ray_n refract_v come_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o show_v we_o the_o star_n star_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n this_o part_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o refraction_n of_o light_n be_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o science_n of_o the_o optic_n for_o experience_n testify_v that_o ray_n proceed_v from_o any_o visible_a body_n if_o from_o one_o medium_n they_o fall_v in_o upon_o another_o that_o be_v
or_o force_v in_o and_o therefore_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v consider_v especial_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o land_n 2._o yet_o another_o wind_n may_v also_o blow_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n viz._n if_o that_o in_o another_o a_o cloud_n or_o other_o cause_n generate_a of_o a_o wind_n be_v very_o great_a from_o these_o two_o cause_n it_o happen_v that_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v less_o or_o more_o constant_a or_o continual_a in_o divers_a placer_fw-la now_o the_o general_a wind_n be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n it_o extend_v itself_o without_o the_o tropic_n the_o space_n of_o 7_o degree_n and_o they_o be_v call_v eastern_a that_o be_v the_o east-wind_n or_o collateral_a to_o the_o east_n as_o the_o southeast_n north-east_n viz._n which_o blow_n from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n but_o they_o do_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o like_a constancy_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o that_o sea_n but_o in_o some_o they_o be_v more_o hinder_v and_o in_o some_o less_o they_o be_v more_o constant_a in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n viz._n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_n so_o that_o ship_n that_o lose_v from_o the_o port_n of_o aquapulco_n in_o new_a spain_n in_o america_n towards_o the_o philippin_n isle_n that_o be_v such_o as_o steer_v their_o course_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n oftentimes_o for_o 60_o degree_n sail_v continual_o without_o any_o alteration_n or_o furl_v of_o the_o sail_n with_o a_o constant_a east_n or_o north-east_n wind_n neither_o unto_o this_o day_n have_v any_o ship_n in_o that_o most_o long_a voyage_n of_o 1650_o mile_n be_v cast_v away_o whence_o the_o mariner_n say_v that_o they_o may_v sleep_v secure_o in_o this_o voyage_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o need_n of_o guide_v the_o ship_n see_v that_o the_o general_a wind_n bring_v the_o ship_n to_o the_o wish_a port_n for_o here_o other_o wind_n do_v impede_fw-la the_o general_a wind._n the_o same_o constancy_n of_o this_o same_o easterly_a wind_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o cape_n or_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o the_o bound_n of_o africa_n or_o rather_o from_o that_o procurrent_a part_n of_o africa_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n even_o to_o brazil_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o voyage_n lie_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n unto_o which_o mariner_n return_v from_o india_n unto_o europe_n be_v wont_a to_o direct_v their_o course_n the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a 350_o mile_n and_o be_v oftentimes_o accomplish_v in_o sixteen_o day_n or_o also_o in_o twelve_o as_o the_o general_a wind_n be_v either_o vehement_a or_o slack_a for_o in_o this_o there_o be_v not_o a_o perpetual_a likeness_n the_o seaman_n use_v the_o same_o security_n when_o that_o they_o have_v first_o sail_v to_o the_o parallel_n of_o that_o island_n for_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a lie_v without_o the_o tropic_n which_o we_o have_v say_v that_o they_o use_v who_o sail_v in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n from_o aquapulco_n to_o the_o philippin_n yea_o when_o that_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a they_o judge_v themselves_o to_o have_v escape_v all_o danger_n and_o variation_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o sleep_v secure_o the_o wind_n constant_o fill_v their_o sail_n towards_o that_o island_n and_o brazil_n but_o yet_o this_o only_a be_v their_o great_a care_n that_o they_o may_v not_o sail_v beyond_o the_o island_n see_v that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a one_o for_o if_o that_o they_o have_v pass_v it_o the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n they_o can_v regain_v it_o viz._n a_o easterly_a wind_n force_v they_o towards_o the_o west_n therefore_o than_o they_o be_v force_v with_o great_a loss_n of_o their_o voyage_n to_o make_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o brazil_n or_o the_o other_o isle_n call_v ascension_n to_o water_n at_o if_o then_o you_o demand_v by_o what_o course_n they_o sail_v when_o that_o the_o ship_n make_v a_o contrary_a voyage_n in_o this_o sea_n viz._n whilst_o that_o they_o steer_v from_o the_o philippin_n isle_n unto_o new_a spain_n or_o from_o brazil_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n unto_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a whilst_o that_o they_o sail_v from_o india_n in_o these_o voyage_n the_o reader_n must_v know_v that_o mariner_n use_v a_o threefold_a mode_n for_o either_o they_o navigate_v the_o sea_n situate_v without_o the_o tropic_n therefore_o they_o do_v not_o touch_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n whilst_o that_o they_o sail_v from_o europe_n into_o india_n or_o where_o necessary_o they_o must_v pass_v by_o this_o they_o do_v not_o direct_o steer_v their_o course_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n but_o oblique_o from_o the_o north_n the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o it_o to_o the_o south_n or_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n of_o it_o or_o last_o they_o choose_v such_o a_o time_n of_o navigation_n in_o which_o they_o know_v that_o that_o general_a wind_n be_v impede_v often_o by_o other_o but_o this_o latter_a because_o that_o it_o happen_v rare_o therefore_o they_o rather_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o two_o former_a modes_n of_o which_o we_o sâ—ll_z speak_v more_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o navigation_n therefore_o there_o be_v two_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o which_o that_o general_a oriental_a wind_n with_o its_o collateral_n reign_v throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n viz._n that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n and_o brazil_n the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o be_v extend_v between_o new_a spain_n or_o rather_o between_o america_n and_o the_o oriental_a island_n of_o which_o the_o philippin_n be_v a_o part_n the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o sea_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n viz._n between_o the_o procurrent_a of_o africa_n and_o the_o philippin_n or_o oriental_a island_n be_v not_o indeed_o destitute_a of_o this_o general_a wind_n but_o oftentimes_o it_o be_v hinder_v in_o this_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequency_n of_o island_n which_o hindrance_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o in_o other_o some_o between_o mozambique_n and_o india_n the_o general_a wind_n be_v of_o most_o force_n in_o january_n february_n march_n april_n in_o other_o month_n other_o wind_n do_v blow_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n this_o general_a wind_n be_v more_o hinder_v in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o indian_a isle_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o banda_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n the_o oriental_a wind_n begin_v to_o be_v prevalent_a be_v very_o violent_a and_o accompany_v with_o rain_n at_o malacca_n in_o september_n and_o in_o other_o place_n otherwise_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 3_o see_v proposition_n 3_o yet_o this_o you_o must_v know_v that_o this_o general_a wind_n do_v not_o equal_o extend_v itself_o in_o these_o sea_n towards_o the_o tropic_n in_o all_o part_n but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n in_o this_o for_o the_o tropic_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la on_o both_o side_n 23_o ½_n deg_fw-la but_o the_o general_a wind_n may_v be_v discover_v in_o one_o meridian_n unto_o the_o latitude_n of_o 20_o degree_n in_o another_o meridian_n unto_o 15_o in_o another_o unto_o 12._o so_o in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n when_o in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n and_o january_n the_o east_n wind_n or_o south_n or_o southeast_n blow_v it_o be_v not_o discover_v until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o 15_o degree_n of_o latitude_n so_o unto_o those_o that_o sail_n from_o goa_n unto_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a here_o a_o general_a wind_n meet_v they_o at_o the_o 12_o deg_fw-la of_o south_n latitude_n and_o at_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n accompany_v they_o so_o also_o mariner_n have_v observe_v that_o no_o general_a wind_n blow_v between_o the_o 4._o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n even_o unto_o the_o 10_o or_o 11_o deg_fw-la between_o africa_n and_o america_n for_o when_o they_o have_v sail_v by_o that_o wind_n from_o st._n helena_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la even_o unto_o the_o 4_o deg_fw-la of_o northern_a latitude_n then_o be_v they_o destitute_a of_o that_o wind_n even_o until_o they_o come_v unto_o the_o 10_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o that_o degree_n even_o unto_o the_o 30_o the_o north-east_n be_v again_o manifest_o find_v continual_o to_o blow_v although_o that_o the_o 30_o degree_n be_v 7_o degree_n from_o the_o torrid_a zone_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o the_o 6_o 7_o and_o 8._o degree_n of_o parallel_n latitude_n it_o also_o blow_v in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o
sea_n and_o the_o like_a be_v in_o guzurat_n but_o for_o very_a many_o month_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o blow_v in_o congo_n and_o guzurat_n in_o september_n it_o continue_v even_o to_o march_n the_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o they_o call_v ornithia_n or_o the_o bridge_n wind_n this_o they_o say_v blow_v after_o the_o vernal_a aequinox_n the_o sun_n ascend_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o european_n proposition_n v._o why_o the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o italy_n france_n germany_n persia_n and_o other_o region_n especial_o see_v that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n from_o whence_o we_o assert_v the_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n congo_n and_o guzurat_n do_v arise_v and_o blow_v mountain_n the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o all_o region_n though_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n the_o question_n be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n and_o i_o wish_v that_o we_o have_v more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v this_o matter_n viz._n the_o notation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v observe_v in_o each_o region_n whether_o in_o every_o year_n the_o same_o never_o return_v yet_o if_o that_o any_o thing_n must_v be_v say_v to_o the_o question_n these_o seem_v convenient_a 1._o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o north_n wind_n often_o blow_v in_o our_o canicular_a or_o dog_n day_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o continual_a and_o in_o each_o year_n peradventure_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o often_o blow_v of_o other_o wind_n which_o hinder_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o same_o 3._o we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o mountain_n from_o which_o this_o first_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n begin_v be_v situate_v direct_o from_o greece_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o canicular_a wind_n be_v carry_v hither_o but_o the_o vapour_n be_v carry_v hither_o from_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o other_o mountain_n because_o that_o here_o they_o find_v a_o free_a passage_n make_v but_o i_o shall_v reject_v these_o my_o extemporay_a thought_n when_o that_o i_o shall_v see_v a_o better_a reason_n and_o more_o accurate_a observation_n proposition_n vi_o some_o wind_n be_v proper_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a to_o some_o place_n or_o tract_n of_o land_n other_o be_v cease_v time_n place_n which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o few_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n viz._n these_o 1._o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o of_o part_n of_o the_o pacifick_n and_o aethiopick_n sea_n situate_a in_o the_o zone_n enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a wind_n viz._n a_o oriental_a wind_n or_o its_o collateral_a which_o they_o call_v a_o general_n wind_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v treat_v large_o of_o it_o yea_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o proper_a wind_n but_o rather_o to_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o place_n for_o although_o by_o accident_n it_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v not_o discern_v in_o all_o place_n viz._n because_o other_o wind_n blow_v more_o strong_a yet_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o some_o the_o cause_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o place_n cite_v 2._o on_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n and_o part_n of_o chili_n and_o to_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v almost_o perpetual_a and_o his_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o west_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o 46_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o blow_v to_o panama_n the_o american_n isthmus_n and_o cause_v that_o in_o few_o day_n ship_n arrive_v from_o lima_n at_o panama_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o require_v many_o day_n sail_n from_o panama_n to_o lima._n but_o this_o wind_n blow_v not_o in_o the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o render_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o south_n land_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o blow_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v unto_o we_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o because_o that_o mountain_n be_v find_v in_o it_o cover_v with_o perpetual_a snow_n therefore_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v from_o a_o continual_a resolution_n of_o they_o but_o i_o will_v not_o infect_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n with_o these_o my_o suspicion_n or_o conjecture_n for_o peradventure_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v find_v all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n at_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o those_o mountain_n lie_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o west_n decline_v from_o the_o south_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o a_o more_o diligent_a inquisition_n or_o a_o more_o full_a knowledge_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n 3._o at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n or_o del_n fugo_n about_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr mair_n continual_a or_o at_o least_o very_a frequent_a western_o wind_n do_v blow_n and_o that_o with_o that_o force_n that_o they_o make_v the_o tree_n to_o bend_v towards_o the_o east_n from_o their_o perpendicular_a rectitude_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o those_o occidental_a wind_n so_o often_o blow_v but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o strait_n le_fw-fr mair_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o south_n land_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v i_o can_v render_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o those_o occidental_a wind_n but_o that_o i_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v raise_v from_o snow_n and_o cloud_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o side_n of_o that_o occidental_a streight_n from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north._n but_o these_o be_v doubtful_a and_o more_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o 4._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n of_o india_n for_o almost_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n blow_v the_o cause_n proceed_v from_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o asiatic_a sarmatia_n viz._n imaus_n or_o caucasus_n from_o the_o cloud_n on_o the_o other_o mountain_n of_o asia_n which_o be_v collect_v and_o press_v the_o subject_n air._n 5._o in_o the_o sea_n near_o to_o guinea_n the_o north_n west_n wind_n be_v frequent_a and_o in_o the_o remote_a sea_n the_o north_n east_n 6._o in_o the_o middle_a passage_n between_o japan_n and_o liampo_n a_o maritimate_a city_n of_o china_n even_o unto_o these_o be_v find_v occidental_a wind_n which_o blow_n in_o japan_n in_o november_n and_o december_n 7._o at_o the_o isle_n guotou_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n do_v cavallos_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n be_v a_o frequent_a south_n wind_n when_o that_o yet_o in_o the_o neighbour_a ocean_n a_o north_n wind_n be_v predominate_v proposition_n vii_o unto_o these_o periodical_a or_o state_a wind_n appertain_v those_o also_o that_o be_v term_v day_n wind_n which_o in_o some_o region_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n blow_v for_o some_o hour_n every_o day_n call_v of_o day_n wind_n so_o call_v now_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v twofold_a and_o that_o only_a in_o some_o maritimate_a place_n for_o some_o blow_n from_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n 1._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n viz._n from_o september_n to_o april_n the_o terrestrial_a wind_n or_o terrinhos_n do_v blow_n from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n now_o these_o wind_n be_v eastern_a wind_n but_o from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n the_o sea_n wind_n or_o viraconus_n to_o wit_n the_o west_n wind_n blow_v but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a so_o that_o by_o its_o assistance_n the_o ship_n can_v hardly_o arrive_v at_o the_o shoar_n i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o oriental_a wind_n from_o twelve_o at_o night_n to_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n partly_o to_o be_v a_o general_a wind_n and_o partly_o cloud_n on_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o occidental_a wind_n that_o blow_n from_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n to_o twelve_o at_o night_n be_v the_o resolution_n of_o thick_a cloud_n cause_v by_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o cloud_n before_o by_o the_o oriental_a wind_n be_v force_v towards_o the_o west_n out_o of_o those_o name_v month_n the_o north_n wind_n predominate_v also_o the_o east_n and_o north-east_n neither_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o tempest_n be_v these_o terrestrial_a and_o marine_a wind_n discern_v 2._o in_o musulipatan_n a_o city_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o charomandel_n these_o terrinhos_n begin_v to_o blow_v
this_o his_o entrance_n do_v not_o happen_v on_o the_o 21th_o of_o every_o month_n but_o in_o some_o month_n before_o and_o in_o some_o after_o therefore_o when_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o precise_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o must_v look_v for_o it_o in_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o in_o our_o almanac_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v also_o in_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n when_o one_o may_v search_v when_o the_o globe_n be_v at_o hand_n for_o it_o be_v a_o grand_a fault_n in_o a_o learned_a or_o know_a person_n to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v that_o from_o thence_o all_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o day_n and_o night_n with_o many_o other_o thing_n do_v depend_v of_o all_o which_o there_o be_v great_a use_n in_o the_o life_n of_o man_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n proposition_n i._o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o same_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n or_o arch_n draw_v from_o the_o place_n give_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la measure_v this_o distance_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o the_o place_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v term_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o extension_n be_v in_o the_o superficies_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o same_o return_v from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o west_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n proposition_n ii_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o any_o place_n or_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n be_v call_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o celestial_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o celestial_a pole_n and_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n pole_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a meridian_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o horizon_n for_o by_o this_o mode_n it_o may_v be_v more_o just_o desire_v if_o that_o the_o earth_n cause_n the_o first_o motion_n but_o astronomer_n for_o the_o most_o part_n apply_v the_o definition_n to_o the_o imaginary_a celestial_a pole_n proposition_n iii_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o degree_n and_o minute_n if_o that_o the_o globe_n be_v great_a the_o same_o latitude_n in_o geographical_a map_n map_n for_o the_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n by_o a_o globe_n or_o by_o map_n in_o a_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o place_n they_o shall_v be_v the_o seek_v for_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o geographical_a map_n if_o the_o map_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n let_v a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v through_o the_o place_n give_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la except_o it_o be_v already_o draw_v in_o the_o map_n or_o let_v a_o rule_n only_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o so_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o line_n in_o the_o side-line_n of_o the_o map_n will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o if_o the_o map_n be_v of_o crooked_a line_n so_o that_o no_o parallel_n can_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o place_n give_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o map_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n in_o the_o place_n give_v and_o in_o this_o space_n the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o side-line_n again_o will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o that_o the_o parallel_n be_v describe_v from_o the_o pole_n also_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v find_v out_o proposition_n iu._n the_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n so_o to_o constitute_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v 90_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o it_o towards_o the_o adjoin_a pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v place_v in_o the_o crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n shall_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v a_o easy_a method_n of_o perform_v the_o fame_n proposition_n v._o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o altitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n this_o be_v show_v by_o the_o globe_n thus_o take_v a_o place_n as_o you_o please_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n then_o so_o place_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n now_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v and_o they_o will_v be_v find_v equal_a scheme_n the_o theory_v show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n see_v scheme_n the_o theorem_fw-la be_v thus_o show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n let_v c_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o and_z place_n in_o the_o superficies_n p_o the_o pole_n h_n p_o l_o z_o shall_v be_v the_o meridian_n and_o h_n z_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o horizon_n p_o h_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n qui_fw-fr t_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o section_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o p_o q_n shall_v be_v the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o meridian_n or_o of_o 90_o degree_n because_o that_o p_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o the_o former_a reason_n l_o h_n shall_v be_v the_o arch_n of_o 90_o degree_n because_o l_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o l_o h_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o a_o equal_a arch_n p_o qui_fw-fr and_o the_o common_a part_n l_o p_o being_n take_v away_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o arch_n p_o h_o l_o q_o will_v be_v equal_a the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v you_o have_v also_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o same_o place_n now_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la join_v together_o make_v 90_o degree_n wherefore_o one_o be_v know_v the_o other_o be_v also_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n to_o elevate_v the_o pole_n so_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o place_n require_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o be_v propound_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n viz._n to_o cause_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n give_v first_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o let_v the_o latitude_n be_v number_v from_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n descend_v downward_o towards_o the_o horizon_n let_v the_o terminus_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v elevate_v as_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n give_v require_v proposition_n vi_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n or_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o same_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o to_o find_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o distance_n give_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la place_n further_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n or_o let_v the_o latitude_n give_v be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o meridian_n towards_o the_o pole_n then_o let_v a_o point_a chalk_n be_v apply_v unto_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n and_o turn_v the_o globe_n round_o so_o the_o chalk_n will_v describe_v the_o periphery_n which_o shall_v
again_o opposite_a four_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o two_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n shall_v obtain_v a_o middle_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n give_v if_o therefore_o the_o place_n give_v be_v north_n take_v two_o of_o those_o four_o day_n whereof_o one_o happen_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o between_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n this_o shall_v be_v the_o entrance_n of_o autumn_n but_o if_o the_o place_n give_v be_v south_n from_o those_o four_o day_n you_o must_v take_v the_o day_n between_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n for_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o for_o the_o begin_n of_o autumn_n that_o which_o happen_v between_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n shall_v be_v the_o 21_o of_o june_n if_o the_o place_n be_v south_n but_o if_o north_n the_o 21_o of_o december_n 3._o if_o the_o place_n give_v be_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o latitude_n it_o shall_v have_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o spring_n season_n beside_o autumn_n and_o winter_n except_o peradventure_o we_o will_v cast_v away_o that_o second_o spring_n which_o be_v intermedial_a between_o the_o two_o summer_n as_o we_o say_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o precede_a proposition_n and_o attribute_v a_o continual_a summer_n to_o that_o time_n which_o if_o you_o do_v we_o must_v act_v no_o otherwise_o with_o the_o give_v place_n than_o in_o the_o former_a mode_n if_o we_o will_v attribute_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o spring_n to_o it_o as_o the_o definition_n of_o summer_n and_o spring_n accurate_o observe_v do_v require_v we_o shall_v first_o act_v by_o the_o first_o mode_n as_o in_o the_o former_a theorem_n viz._n we_o shall_v find_v the_o entrance_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n and_o except_v the_o four_o day_n of_o moderate_a distance_n find_v in_o the_o table_n of_o those_o four_o those_o two_o which_o we_o advise_v to_o take_v in_o the_o former_a mode_n for_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n here_o again_o we_o shall_v take_v on_o the_o same_o condition_n but_o of_o the_o other_o two_o day_n that_o only_o which_o be_v proximate_a to_o the_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o this_o will_v show_v the_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o spring_n but_o for_o the_o day_n of_o the_o second_o summer_n another_o day_n of_o the_o three_o remain_v shall_v be_v take_v in_o that_o area_n from_o which_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o summer_n be_v take_v viz._n that_o which_o be_v distant_a by_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o day_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 21_o of_o capricorn_n if_o the_o place_n be_v south_n the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n so_o the_o day_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o summer_n the_o spring_n autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n do_v begin_v and_o end_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a stone_n proposition_n v._o in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v almost_o equal_a or_o consist_v of_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o day_n but_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o be_v unequal_a neither_o be_v only_o the_o time_n of_o the_o divers_a season_n unequal_a but_o also_o the_o time_n of_o the_o season_n in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o zone_n be_v unequal_a equal_a the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n be_v equal_a 1._o for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v easy_o demonstrate_v for_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o every_o time_n of_o those_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n run_v through_o three_o sign_n therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n shall_v be_v equal_a or_o of_o equal_a day_n except_o some_o day_n viz._n five_o in_o which_o the_o summer_n and_o four_o in_o which_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o northern_a place_n exceed_v the_o autumn_n and_o the_o winter_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a place_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o autumn_n and_o winter_n exceed_v the_o spring_n and_o summer_n which_o as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o proceed_v from_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o sun_n 2._o in_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la there_o be_v two_o summer_n as_o also_o other_o season_n but_o hoth_v short_a as_o also_o both_o the_o spring_n viz._n each_o summer_n and_o each_o spring_n have_v only_o 32_o day_n which_o be_v 64_o day_n but_o the_o autumn_n and_o winter_n be_v long_o viz._n 55_o day_n which_o be_v 110_o day_n 3._o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n by_o how_o much_o the_o less_o they_o be_v remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o they_o have_v the_o long_a summer_n the_o less_o winter_n and_o more_o or_o less_o moderate_a autumn_n and_o spring_n for_o in_o place_n not_o remote_a above_o 10_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o summer_n continue_v six_o month_n now_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o summer_n autumn_n winter_n and_o spring_n be_v know_v by_o the_o precede_a proposition_n what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v concern_v the_o celestial_a season_n that_o be_v those_o which_o depend_v on_o a_o celestial_a cause_n or_o from_o the_o access_n or_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o from_o this_o alone_o come_v not_o light_n heat_n and_o cold_a as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o some_o place_n before_o therefore_o we_o shall_v consider_v the_o other_o cause_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vi_o in_o place_n of_o the_o tornid_a zone_n as_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n be_v very_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la so_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o night_n he_o be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n zone_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a frigid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n and_o very_o much_o remove_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n so_o that_o those_o place_n by_o night_n lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_a shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v the_o air_n possible_o any_o way_n be_v warm_v by_o the_o sun_n ray_n by_o frequent_a reflection_n in_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n as_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n be_v not_o very_o nigh_o the_o vertex_fw-la so_o by_o night_n he_o do_v not_o profound_o remain_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n but_o for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o night_n do_v so_o turn_v round_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n that_o many_o ray_n from_o he_o by_o reflection_n do_v penetrate_v into_o the_o air._n in_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n as_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n come_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n by_o a_o moderate_a vicinity_n so_o by_o night_n by_o a_o easy_a distance_n he_o be_v depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n so_o that_o some_o ray_n at_o least_o be_v in_o the_o air._n to_o show_v this_o by_o the_o globe_n first_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o some_o place_n situate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o rather_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v place_v in_o the_o horizon_n itself_o that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n or_o that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o consider_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o parallel_n which_o the_o sun_n describe_v by_o his_o circumrotation_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o member_n of_o this_o proposition_n will_v appear_v then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n or_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v place_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v again_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v very_o little_o depress_v below_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o we_o have_v show_v the_o second_o member_n or_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n last_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n situate_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n and_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o parallel_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n again_o be_v consider_v the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v prove_v proposition_n vii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o globe_n and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n to_o find_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la or_o twilight_n in_o the_o place_n give_v at_o the_o day_n give_v that_o time_n be_v
term_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o twilight_n in_o which_o either_o before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o after_o his_o set_n some_o light_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o air._n year_n for_o the_o find_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o twilight_n by_o the_o globe_n of_o any_o place_n and_o day_n of_o the_o year_n for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o this_o time_n we_o must_v suppose_v that_o which_o be_v observe_v by_o astronomer_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o chapter_n that_o the_o morning_n twilight_n begin_v for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o the_o air_n be_v serene_a the_o sun_n draw_v nigh_o to_o the_o eighteen_o degree_n of_o depression_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o evening_n end_v when_o the_o sun_n have_v come_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o depression_n let_v therefore_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v and_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v find_v from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v seek_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n and_o let_v his_o opposite_a point_n be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o the_o point_n note_v be_v find_v to_o the_o horizon_n the_o index_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o note_a point_n be_v elevate_v 18_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o quadrant_n for_o so_o shall_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v so_o many_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o index_n in_o the_o cycle_n shall_v show_v how_o many_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v lay_v down_o the_o twilight_n continue_v that_o day_n in_o the_o place_n give_v it_o be_v convenient_a by_o three_o example_n to_o learn_v the_o use_n of_o this_o problem_n choose_v a_o place_n for_o one_o of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n another_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o a_o three_o of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n proposition_n viii_o in_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o twilight_n be_v small_a very_o long_o in_o those_o of_o the_o frigid_a and_o moderate_a in_o those_o of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o twilight_n in_o the_o several_a zone_n for_o in_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o those_o near_a the_o crepusculum_fw-la according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o former_a proposition_n be_v of_o about_o one_o hour_n which_o yet_o experience_n testify_v be_v only_a half_a a_o hour_n or_o little_o more_o because_o the_o more_o thick_a and_o gross_a air_n be_v not_o so_o high_a there_o as_o be_v require_v to_o make_v the_o twilight_n to_o the_o 18_o degree_n of_o depression_n both_o also_o because_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o 18_o degree_n be_v to_o be_v take_v concern_v very_o small_a light_n with_o which_o the_o twilight_n begin_v such_o as_o yet_o be_v not_o account_v by_o the_o vulgar_a for_o a_o twilight_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o twilight_n continue_v for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n remain_v beneath_o their_o horizon_n in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n it_o continue_v 3_o 4_o 5_o and_o 6_o hour_n and_o in_o some_o place_n all_o night_n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n according_a as_o the_o place_n be_v more_o or_o less_o nigh_o the_o frigid_a zone_n all_o these_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o mode_n propose_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o temperate_a or_o frigid_a zone_n and_o another_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o moreover_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o which_o hour_n the_o sun_n may_v have_v the_o altitude_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n and_o so_o strike_v that_o place_n with_o his_o ray_n equal_o elevate_v as_o great_a as_o it_o have_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n in_o the_o meridies_n itself_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a or_o frigid_a zone_n and_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n find_v from_o the_o day_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o it_o reckon_v for_o this_o be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o ray_n heat_n that_o place_n and_o illustrate_v it_o in_o the_o meridies_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n give_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o altitude_n before_o find_v out_o be_v note_v in_o it_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n then_o let_v both_o the_o globe_n and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v move_v till_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n agree_v with_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n for_o so_o the_o sun_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o altitude_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o this_o place_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o meridies_n of_o the_o former_a the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n demand_v in_o the_o cycle_n therefore_o this_o hour_n and_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n illustrate_v and_o beat_v of_o the_o place_n and_o air_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v as_o equal_o elevate_v over_o the_o horizon_n of_o it_o as_o the_o ray_n in_o the_o meridies_n of_o the_o former_a place_n it_o thence_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o heat_n will_v be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n at_o the_o hour_n find_v out_o as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n in_o the_o meridies_n except_o other_o cause_n intercede_v hindrance_n some_o hindrance_n viz._n first_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o forego_n day_n have_v introduce_v some_o one_o or_o other_o calid_a constitution_n to_o the_o place_n and_o the_o air_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o not_o such_o and_o so_o great_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a or_o frigid_a zone_n then_o second_o that_o the_o sun_n strait_o ascend_v towards_o the_o meridian_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n send_v forth_o all_o his_o ray_n to_o the_o place_n as_o in_o one_o plain_a and_o to_o one_o plaga_fw-la and_o therefore_o cause_v great_a heat_n than_o in_o the_o temperate_a or_o frigid_a zone_n where_o the_o sun_n move_v oblique_o from_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o meridian_n and_o send_v forth_o his_o ray_n from_o one_o and_o another_o plaga_fw-la therefore_o the_o ray_n be_v not_o contract_v into_o a_o place_n so_o narrow_a nor_o do_v they_o continual_o heat_n for_o example_n let_v we_o seek_v in_o what_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n in_o place_n be_v under_o the_o very_a aequator_fw-la on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_o the_o sun_n will_v have_v that_o altitude_n as_o he_o have_v at_o amstelodame_n on_o the_o meridies_n of_o the_o same_o day_n proposition_n x._o how_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n heat_n and_o of_o the_o season_n which_o we_o have_v reckon_v up_o in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n have_v themselves_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o how_o to_o show_v they_o show_v of_o the_o seasont_n light_n and_o heat_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o how_o they_o be_v show_v first_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n ascend_v direct_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o those_o place_n especial_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o they_o and_o therefore_o about_o the_o nine_o hour_n of_o forenoon_n he_o hegin_v to_o ejaculate_a to_o those_o place_n ray_n about_o 40_o degree_n decline_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a ray_n which_o rectitude_n of_o the_o ray_n or_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o ray_n augment_v towards_o the_o meridies_n and_o again_o decrease_v continue_v to_o the_o four_o hour_n after_o the_o meridies_n or_o noonstead_n where_o the_o sun_n depart_v towards_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n begin_v to_o send_v forth_o his_o ray_n more_o oblique_o to_o those_o place_n therefore_o the_o great_a heat_n in_o those_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v from_o about_o the_o nine_o hour_n before_o noon_n even_o to_o the_o three_o or_o four_o after_o noon_n if_o that_o this_o cause_n be_v only_o regard_v but_o yet_o because_o the_o sun_n now_o depart_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n and_o sometime_o approach_v near_o therefore_o the_o winter_n of_o every_o one_o of_o those_o place_n shall_v be_v when_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a much_o remote_a from_o those_o place_n that_o be_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n towards_o the_o point_n have_v a_o middle_a
distance_n from_o the_o place_n assume_v the_o spring_n when_o he_o go_v from_o a_o point_n of_o moderate_a distance_n towards_o the_o very_a vertex_fw-la of_o the_o pole_n or_o to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o be_v vertical_a to_o the_o place_n or_o to_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n the_o summer_n where_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o this_o other_o point_n of_o middle_a distance_n to_o a_o point_n of_o great_a distance_n that_o be_v the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n or_o cancer_n 2._o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o the_o sun_n no_o day_n of_o the_o year_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n more_o or_o less_o hour_n than_o twelve_o and_o so_o many_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n one_o hour_n or_o a_o hour_n and_o a_o half_a at_o the_o most_o viz._n in_o the_o extreme_a place_n of_o this_o zone_n about_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n when_o the_o day_n be_v at_o the_o long_a the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n twelve_o hour_n and_o in_o the_o short_a day_n about_o eleven_o hour_n and_o in_o the_o intermedial_a day_n that_o time_n of_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o sum_n above_o and_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o twelve_o hour_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o night_n be_v not_o without_o cold_a and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o day_n continue_v not_o long_o about_o the_o eveningtide_n 3._o in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o sun_n be_v profound_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n for_o that_o he_o illustrate_v the_o air_n with_o none_o of_o his_o ray_n nay_o not_o reflex_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o most_o dark_a night_n be_v there_o and_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o night_n be_v augment_v the_o air_n be_v condense_v and_o contract_v itself_o and_o be_v cold_a it_o descend_v towards_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o own_o ponderosity_n moreover_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n about_o the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o hour_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o after_o his_o set_n those_o place_n have_v the_o light_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o twilight_n 4_o the_o moon_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sun_n ascend_v direct_o from_o the_o horizon_n towards_o the_o meridian_n of_o those_o place_n yet_o a_o little_a more_o oblique_o because_o it_o depart_v from_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o therefore_o towards_o the_o torrid_a zone_n about_o five_o degree_n and_o it_o remain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sun_n a_o little_a above_o twelve_o hour_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o almost_o so_o many_o hour_n and_o that_o profound_o as_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o with_o her_o direct_a ray_n or_o those_o near_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a she_o will_v augment_v the_o warmness_n of_o the_o night_n especial_o when_o she_o be_v vertical_a to_o any_o place_n and_o diminish_v it_o by_o her_o recess_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o short_a stay_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v little_o discern_v in_o any_o place_n except_o when_o it_o be_v vertical_a to_o it_o 5._o all_o the_o star_n arise_v and_o set_v in_o place_n nigh_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o those_o star_n which_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n in_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v not_o arise_v and_o those_o be_v but_o very_o few_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v cause_v little_a heat_n and_o light_n and_o that_o also_o insensible_a in_o the_o air._n 6._o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o in_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n in_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n and_o in_o mexico_n the_o earth_n be_v sulphureous_a which_o send_v forth_o more_o calid_a vapour_n whence_o it_o communicate_v a_o certain_a heat_n to_o the_o air_n and_o a_o peculiar_a property_n in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v sandy_a as_o in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o africa_n lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o part_n of_o lybia_n and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o negro_n in_o many_o place_n of_o arabia_n in_o peru_n and_o in_o the_o place_n between_o peru_n and_o brazilia_n whence_o in_o these_o place_n a_o very_a great_a heat_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o sand_n do_v very_o long_o retain_v the_o heat_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o soon_o communicate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o vicine_fw-la air._n in_o other_o place_n the_o river_n be_v many_o and_o in_o those_o sandy_a one_o few_o there_o be_v many_o in_o abyssine_n in_o guiney_n congo_n india_n and_o in_o brazilia_n hence_o humid_a vapour_n be_v raise_v which_o do_v very_o much_o blunt_v the_o force_n of_o the_o sun_n ray_n and_o render_v his_o heat_n more_o tolerable_a 7._o the_o most_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n have_v the_o sea_n adjacent_a as_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n guiney_n brazilia_n peru_n mexico_n some_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v mediterranean_n as_o the_o more_o inward_a africa_n the_o region_n between_o peru_n and_o brazilia_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o those_o place_n the_o heat_n and_o drought_n be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o or_o most_o of_o they_o the_o air_n be_v more_o moist_a and_o less_o fervent_a than_o can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o sun_n except_o other_o cause_n happen_v 8._o most_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n see_v that_o they_o be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n have_v in_o the_o middle_a place_n more_o or_o lesser_a ridge_n of_o exceed_v high_a mountain_n as_o india_n and_o its_o isle_n the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n and_o peru_n these_o row_n of_o mountain_n do_v very_o much_o vary_v the_o light_n heat_n and_o ray_n of_o those_o place_n somewhere_o they_o hinder_v the_o oriental_a ray_n of_o the_o sun_n otherwhere_o the_o occidental_a moreover_o the_o humid_a vapour_n condense_v in_o the_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o these_o mountain_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n whence_o rain_n and_o cloud_n proceed_v by_o which_o the_o heat_n and_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o much_o obstruct_v and_o the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n be_v disturb_v there_o be_v few_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o want_v those_o ridge_n as_o the_o inward_a africa_n mexico_n and_o the_o like_a 9_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v various_a and_o notable_a for_o a_o general_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o side_n plagas_fw-la of_o the_o east_n or_o from_o the_o east_n continual_o towards_o the_o west_n refrigerate_v the_o maritime_a place_n which_o regard_v the_o east_n as_o brazilia_n the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n but_o not_o so_o to_o those_o towards_o the_o west_n as_o guiney_n congo_n angola_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o peru._n some_o wind_n be_v appropriate_v as_o the_o south_n in_o peru_n which_o wind_n dispel_v vapour_n towards_o the_o plaga_fw-la in_o which_o they_o blow_v some_o be_v fix_v wind_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o treat_v in_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n now_o these_o wind_n do_v very_o much_o disturb_v the_o celestial_a cause_n of_o the_o season_n for_o they_o be_v almost_o as_o equal_o constant_a and_o observe_v order_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o they_o bring_v down_o the_o air_n compel_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o by_o other_o mode_n alter_v the_o season_n ten_o anniversary_n rain_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o take_v away_o the_o celestial_a cause_n see_v that_o they_o be_v as_o equal_o constant_a as_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n itself_o for_o those_o err_v who_o suppose_v that_o this_o our_o sublunary_a orb_n observe_v all_o with_o inconstancy_n and_o without_o order_n and_o that_o the_o celestial_a only_o have_v a_o constant_a motion_n see_v that_o the_o cause_n hitherto_o speak_v of_o be_v so_o various_a to_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v the_o heat_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o season_n and_o in_o one_o place_n some_o be_v from_o other_o cause_n in_o another_o other_o be_v of_o force_n or_o concur_v in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n or_o mutual_o impede_fw-la one_o another_o hence_o we_o discover_v why_o the_o cause_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o various_a proposition_n xi_o how_o the_o spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n terrestrial_a do_v behave_v themselves_o and_o in_o what_o month_n of_o the_o year_n they_o commence_v in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o season_n in_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n we_o have_v say_v before_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o second_o proposition_n that_o
the_o season_n in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v summer_n there_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v most_o distant_a and_o winter_n when_o he_o be_v near_o yea_o vertical_a to_o the_o vertex_fw-la therefore_o we_o have_v distinguish_v the_o season_n into_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a we_o have_v show_v heretofore_o and_o that_o in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o proposition_n how_o any_o place_n be_v give_v in_o that_o torrid_a zone_n the_o month_n of_o the_o year_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o place_n ought_v to_o have_v summer_n spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n if_o we_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v we_o have_v teach_v to_o design_n the_o time_n of_o the_o celestial_a season_n but_o see_v that_o in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o zone_n the_o forementioned_a season_n do_v not_o happen_v in_o those_o month_n but_o in_o other_o and_o that_o in_o divers_a place_n in_o a_o different_a time_n therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n must_v be_v take_v not_o from_o the_o heaven_n or_o a_o certain_a method_n but_o from_o the_o experience_n make_v in_o those_o place_n and_o as_o much_o as_o possible_a the_o cause_n of_o every_o one_o of_o they_o why_o they_o repugn_v the_o celestial_a cause_n must_v be_v explicate_v viz._n from_o those_o 10_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o proposition_n 〈◊〉_d this_o therefore_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v know_v that_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v rage_n with_o cold_a and_o frost_n but_o rather_o with_o reins_n and_o be_v to_o be_v define_v by_o a_o lesser_a heat_n than_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n farther_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o reckon_v not_o four_o but_o two_o season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n summer_n and_o winter_n and_o these_o be_v not_o distinguish_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a but_o chief_o by_o siccity_n and_o humidiy_n for_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o have_v often_o great_a heat_n than_o in_o their_o summer_n with_o a_o shortness_n of_o respiration_n because_o the_o rain_n and_o the_o cloud_n press_v the_o calid_a air_n downward_o but_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v by_o so_o manifest_a sign_n or_o difference_n we_o shall_v begin_v our_o narration_n from_o that_o part_n of_o africa_n which_o lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o proceed_v towards_o the_o east_n with_o brazilia_n we_o shall_v finish_v the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n seat_v in_o the_o west_n measure_v by_o we_o the_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a shore_n of_o africa_n from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n to_o cape_n verd_fw-mi that_o be_v distant_a 14_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n be_v all_o abound_a both_o with_o corn_n and_o variety_n of_o fruit_n there_o be_v also_o herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o flock_n of_o sheep_n in_o great_a abundance_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v of_o a_o great_a strength_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n a_o little_a exceed_v mediocrity_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n go_v naked_a except_o the_o noble_a and_o those_o that_o be_v rich_a who_o clothing_n be_v a_o linen_n cloth_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o fertility_n and_o temperate_a air_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v first_o many_o river_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v senega_n and_o gambea_n before_o they_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n they_o water_v those_o region_n and_o render_v the_o air_n more_o humid_a and_o frigid_a second_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o afford_v humid_a vapour_n and_o somewhat_o cold_a wind_n how_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n and_o what_o month_n of_o the_o year_n summer_n and_o winter_n happen_v and_o be_v vigorous_a i_o have_v not_o find_v note_v by_o writer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o negligence_n and_o sloth_n yet_o in_o one_o itinerary_n i_o have_v read_v that_o in_o one_o of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi by_o name_n salinae_n or_o the_o hesperides_n in_o one_o of_o they_o i_o say_v call_v st._n vincent_n the_o latitude_n be_v 16_o degree_n the_o watery_a month_n that_o be_v winter_n be_v august_n september_n november_n december_n january_n even_o to_o february_n this_o time_n almost_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a cause_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n and_o july_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o near_o or_o else_o vertical_a to_o that_o place_n therefore_o it_o make_v the_o celestial_a summer_n and_o here_o the_o terrestrial_a agree_v with_o it_o for_o than_o they_o have_v a_o great_a heat_n and_o dry_a air_n without_o rain_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n march_n and_o april_n be_v their_o spring_n be-because_a the_o sun_n be_v move_v from_o a_o moderate_a distance_n to_o a_o lesser_a therefore_o they_o be_v then_o without_o rain_n and_o have_v a_o moderate_a heat_n the_o month_n of_o august_n september_n and_o october_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o autumn_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o rain_n although_o it_o ought_v to_o begin_v latter_a because_o the_o sun_n in_o august_n have_v not_o yet_o return_v from_o his_o least_o distance_n to_o his_o mean_v last_o the_o month_n november_n december_n and_o january_n be_v winter_n because_o the_o sun_n have_v then_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o their_o vertex_fw-la and_o then_o they_o find_v more_o and_o long_o continue_v rain_n with_o some_o cold_a but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v observe_v every_o year_n though_o most_o year_n but_o how_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o continent_n of_o africa_n be_v not_o relate_v except_o that_o concern_v the_o shore_n of_o sierra_n leon_n it_o be_v contrary_a as_o we_o shall_v now_o speak_v 2._o now_o succeed_v the_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n which_o look_v towards_o the_o south_n and_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi to_o the_o curvature_n or_o bend_a part_n of_o africa_n that_o be_v from_o the_o west_n to_o east_n these_o region_n be_v term_v by_o one_o name_n guiny_n although_o other_o attribute_v this_o term_n only_o to_o one_o part_n now_o they_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n 3.4_o and_o more_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o these_o region_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a heat_n of_o the_o air_n without_o any_o intervening_a cold_a yet_o they_o attribute_v some_o month_n to_o the_o summer_n and_o some_o to_o the_o winter_n i_o think_v the_o same_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o former_a western_a coast_n for_o in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o shore_n call_v sierra_n leon_n which_o be_v remove_v above_o 9_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n as_o also_o in_o many_o tract_n of_o guiny_n they_o ascribe_v the_o month_n march_v april_n may_n june_n and_o july_n to_o winter_n especial_o the_o three_o first_o by_o reason_n that_o on_o these_o month_n there_o fall_v frequent_a and_o almost_o continual_a rain_n hot_a or_o warm_a great_a thunder_n and_o lightning_n and_o so_o great_a storm_n rage_n without_o violent_a wind_n that_o none_o can_v easy_o conceive_v they_o 21._o see_v chap._n 21._o who_o have_v not_o have_v experience_n of_o they_o how_o they_o rage_v i_o have_v already_o speak_v also_o in_o these_o month_n the_o field_n lie_v barren_a but_o when_o these_o stormy_a month_n be_v expire_v than_o they_o dig_v up_o the_o dry_a earth_n which_o have_v suck_v up_o the_o great_a rain_n in_o the_o say_v wet_a month_n and_o mix_v stamp_v and_o bruise_a coal_n instead_o of_o manure_v and_o so_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o day_n suffer_v the_o earth_n to_o putrify_v and_o then_o they_o sow_v their_o seed_n there_o be_v here_o so_o great_a a_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n join_v with_o humidity_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o fish_n which_o be_v take_v stink_n if_o keep_v undress_v half_a a_o day_n therefore_o in_o these_o place_n the_o winter_n shall_v be_v in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n when_o the_o storm_n and_o rains_n rage_n the_o spring_n in_o july_n august_n and_o september_n the_o summer_n in_o october_n november_n and_o december_n and_o the_o autumn_n in_o january_n february_n and_o march_v where_o the_o rain_n and_o storm_n do_v begin_v now_o all_o these_o time_n of_o the_o season_n in_o those_o place_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a cause_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n june_n and_o july_n great_a heat_n ought_v to_o be_v there_o because_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a or_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la which_o the_o heat_n or_o warmness_n of_o the_o rain_n also_o
the_o brazilian_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n and_o february_n and_o strike_v the_o earth_n with_o reflex_n ray_n at_o most_o acute_a angle_n which_o diversity_n of_o these_o region_n promise_v the_o inhabitant_n perpetual_a health_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o calm_v and_o the_o air_n quell_v all_o noxious_a heat_n hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o dollect_v that_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v not_o so_o much_o depend_v immediate_o on_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o motion_n as_o on_o the_o species_n of_o the_o wind_n the_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n of_o the_o star_n the_o quality_n and_o peculiar_a situation_n of_o the_o region_n moreover_o in_o these_o mediterranean_a region_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o night_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o in_o the_o maritime_a so_o much_o some_o time_n that_o the_o frost_n seize_v on_o the_o very_a hair_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o same_o month_n from_o the_o east_n about_o the_o ocean_n be_v summer_n and_o siccity_n brazilia_n no_o island_n be_v opposite_a to_o brazilia_n from_o the_o west_n beyond_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o marsh_n of_o brazilia_n be_v the_o winter_n fog_n and_o rain_n oftentimes_o the_o heaven_n may_v be_v see_v cover_v with_o vast_a cloud_n from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n but_o those_o again_o very_o thin_a except_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o rain_n the_o sun_n both_o rise_n and_o set_v may_v be_v behold_v with_o fix_a eye_n for_o there_o be_v a_o wonderful_a serenity_n on_o every_o side_n especial_o towards_o the_o evening_n which_o never_o aford_v any_o vapour_n or_o cloud_n to_o the_o succeed_a moon_n but_o render_v the_o night_n so_o clear_a that_o the_o old_a and_o new_a moon_n may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n and_o letter_n may_v be_v well_o read_v it_o the_o quarter_n moon_n the_o aether_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o planet_n other_o inseriour_a cause_n accede_v receive_v its_o distemperature_n for_o the_o heaven_n about_o evening_n be_v bright_a with_o lightning_n without_o thunder_n in_o the_o most_o dry_a and_o serene_a season_n the_o drop_n of_o rain_n be_v very_o great_a and_o fall_v with_o great_a violence_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v precede_v by_o a_o suffocative_a warmness_n the_o dew_n here_o be_v more_o fruitful_a than_o that_o of_o europe_n be_v impregnate_v with_o much_o winter_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o penetrate_a and_o thin_a especial_o in_o summer_n which_o be_v manifest_a in_o all_o metal_n and_o in_o iron_n especial_o which_o it_o easy_o eat_v up_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o cloud_n the_o meadow_n and_o open_a field_n do_v less_o wax_v green_a in_o the_o summer_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n although_o the_o earth_n then_o seem_v somewhat_o more_o sad_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o place_n unfit_a for_o tillage_n afford_v pasture_n piso_n see_v piso_n all_o the_o land_n of_o brazilia_n arise_v into_o moderate_a and_o pleasant_a hill_n there_o be_v no_o mountain_n of_o any_o great_a height_n in_o the_o coast_n but_o yet_o some_o be_v discover_v afar_o off_o in_o the_o solitude_n among_o the_o barren_a hill_n yet_o not_o every_o where_n but_o with_o some_o interval_n of_o miles_n the_o valley_n be_v interpose_v every_o one_o irrigate_v with_o some_o small_a river_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o fertile_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n but_o also_o in_o those_o of_o the_o summer_n the_o hill_n in_o the_o summer_n month_n be_v sterile_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o they_o wither_v and_o grass_n do_v not_o only_o die_v on_o they_o but_o sometime_o the_o tree_n also_o it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v throughout_o the_o whole_a day_n and_o night_n and_o for_o some_o continual_a day_n very_o seldom_o without_o intermission_n the_o pluvial_a month_n do_v a_o little_a differ_v in_o the_o year_n 1640._o as_o mariner_n have_v observe_v there_o be_v 7_o pluvial_a month_n viz_o february_n march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o most_o and_o almost_o continual_o from_o april_n may_n and_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1642._o the_o most_o pluvial_a month_n six_o viz._n march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o the_o account_n of_o the_o other_o year_n be_v not_o much_o different_a now_o these_o observation_n be_v to_o be_v take_v only_o for_o one_o place_n and_o not_o for_o all_o the_o place_n in_o brazilia_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n of_o brazilia_n answer_v to_o the_o celestial_a account_n see_v that_o in_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n they_o have_v rain_n and_o in_o the_o least_o and_o moderate_a towards_o the_o south_n they_o have_v heat_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o irregularity_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o earth_n october_n the_o six_o rainy_a month_n be_v may_n june_n july_n august_n september_n and_o october_n 18._o this_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o southern_a america_n in_o the_o northern_a it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nicaragua_n it_o rain_v for_o six_o month_n and_o the_o other_o six_o month_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a weather_n so_o that_o passenger_n may_v travel_v in_o the_o night_n this_o now_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n for_o in_o the_o wet_a month_n for_o in_o may_n june_n and_o so_o on_o to_o november_n the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a or_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la unto_o these_o place_n so_o that_o then_o they_o shall_v have_v summer_n and_o siccity_n and_o not_o rain_v in_o november_n and_o december_n it_o be_v very_o distant_a therefore_o they_o shall_v there_o have_v rain_n thus_o have_v we_o declare_v the_o season_n of_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n from_o which_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o we_o collect_v 1._o that_o in_o some_o place_n the_o cold_a be_v scarce_o sensible_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o winter_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v define_v by_o the_o rain_n than_o by_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n 2._o in_o some_o place_n the_o cold_a be_v sufficient_o sensible_a 3._o in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o in_o the_o last_o quarter_n the_o air_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v very_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o least_o cause_n of_o the_o tolerable_a heat_n and_o that_o those_o region_n be_v inhabit_v viz._n that_o no_o day_n be_v there_o long_o but_o almost_o equal_a to_o the_o night_n for_o if_o the_o day_n be_v as_o long_o there_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n then_o doubtless_o they_o will_v be_v uninhabited_a 5._o that_o the_o wind_n do_v much_o diminish_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n 6._o that_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v the_o summer_n and_o winter_n in_o divers_a time_n although_o they_o be_v very_o near_o to_o one_o another_o 7._o that_o those_o place_n which_o have_v siccity_n and_o humidity_n contrary_a to_o the_o access_n and_o recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o situate_v that_o on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o that_o they_o regard_v the_o west_n peru_n except_v 8._o that_o the_o season_n observe_v no_o certain_a rule_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 9_o that_o although_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n into_o two_o season_n which_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o many_o writer_n to_o wit_n a_o pluvial_a and_o dry_a season_n yet_o it_o may_v apt_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o so_o that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o have_v a_o summer_n and_o a_o winter_n but_o also_o a_o spring_n and_o a_o autumn_n for_o as_o in_o our_o part_n the_o spring_n approach_v near_o the_o nature_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n of_o winter_n so_o also_o the_o dry_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n may_v be_v divide_v 10._o and_o last_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a harvest_n in_o some_o only_o in_o two_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o other_o only_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o year_n proposition_n xii_o to_o show_v how_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v make_v etc._n etc._n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n zone_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n in_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n 1._o in_o these_o place_n that_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v place_v in_o the_o first_o place_n among_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o season_n in_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v so_o potent_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o cause_n that_o that_o
above_o almost_o make_v up_o and_o moderate_v they_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n it_o be_v spring_n and_o summer_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o aries_n by_o cancer_n to_o libra_n because_o than_o he_o be_v more_o near_o they_o then_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o libra_n through_o capricorn_n to_o aries_n it_o be_v autumn_n and_o winter_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n the_o matter_n be_v contrary_a neither_o can_v those_o other_o cause_n altogether_o disable_v the_o force_n of_o this_o first_o and_o induce_v a_o new_a course_n of_o the_o season_n and_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o time_n as_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 2._o yet_o those_o season_n of_o divers_a place_n vary_v so_o that_o in_o one_o place_n there_o may_v be_v more_o heat_n or_o cold_a or_o rain_v than_o in_o another_o although_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o climate_n but_o yet_o they_o cause_v not_o the_o winter_n to_o be_v change_v into_o summer_n or_o summer_n into_o winter_n a_o rocky_a marshish_n and_o maritime_a land_n find_v somewhat_o another_o degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a than_o valley_n or_o a_o chalk_n and_o maritime_a land_n 3._o the_o place_n in_o the_o tropic_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o summer_n have_v a_o excessive_a heat_n other_o a_o pluvial_a season_n so_o that_o they_o almost_o approach_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o guzarat_n lie_v without_o the_o tropic_a at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wet_a and_o dry_a month_n be_v observe_v which_o in_o the_o part_n lie_v beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o summer_n be_v change_v into_o a_o pluvial_a season_n yet_o then_o there_o be_v great_a heat_n than_o the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o year_n where_o they_o have_v a_o moderate_a cold_a and_o in_o truth_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n we_o judge_v the_o summer_n and_o winter_n not_o from_o the_o drought_n and_o rain_n but_o from_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a now_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o persia_n and_o ormus_n there_o be_v so_o great_a heat_n without_o rain_n in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n rhat_o both_o the_o man_n and_o their_o wife_n lie_v in_o cistern_n full_a of_o water_n the_o like_a heat_n be_v in_o arabia_n barbary_n the_o region_n of_o africa_n on_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v call_v the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n throughout_o all_o barbary_n the_o middle_a of_o october_n be_v past_a shower_n and_o cold_n begin_v to_o increase_v and_o in_o december_n and_o january_n the_o cold_a be_v perceive_v more_o intense_a and_o that_o only_a in_o the_o morning_n and_o withal_o so_o remiss_a that_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o desire_v february_n take_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cold_a from_o the_o winter_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o inconstant_a that_o sometime_o 5_o or_o 6_o time_n in_o one_o day_n the_o air_n change_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n the_o north_n and_o west_n wind_n blow_v violent_o and_o cause_v whole_a tree_n to_o be_v vest_v with_o blossom_n april_n give_v form_n almost_o to_o all_o fruit_n so_o that_o the_o entrance_n of_o may_n and_o the_o end_n of_o april_n be_v wont_v natural_o to_o produce_v cherry_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o may_v they_o gather_v fig_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n in_o some_o place_n be_v ripe_a grape_n barbary_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n of_o barbary_n the_o fig_n or_o autumn_n be_v gather_v in_o august_n and_o there_o be_v no_o great_a plenty_n of_o fig_n and_o pear_n than_o in_o september_n there_o be_v not_o so_o great_a intempery_n of_o the_o year_n in_o those_o place_n but_o that_o the_o three_o month_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v always_o temperate_a the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n that_o be_v the_o terrestrial_a not_o the_o celestial_a be_v as_o they_o reckon_v on_o the_o 15_o of_o february_n and_o the_o end_n the_o 18_o of_o may_n in_o all_o which_o time_n the_o air_n be_v most_o grateful_a to_o they_o if_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 5_o of_o may_v they_o have_v no_o rain_n they_o esteem_v the_o same_o as_o ominous_a they_o count_v their_o summer_n even_o to_o the_o 16_o of_o august_n at_o which_o time_n they_o have_v a_o very_a hot_a and_o serene_a air._n their_o autumn_n from_o the_o 17_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 16_o of_o november_n and_o they_o have_v that_o for_o two_o month_n to_o wit_n august_n and_o september_n yet_o not_o great_a that_o which_o be_v include_v between_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n and_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v term_v by_o the_o ancient_n the_o furnace_n of_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o that_o because_o it_o produce_v fig_n pear_n and_o that_o kind_a of_o fruit_n to_o maturity_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o november_n they_o reckon_v their_o winter_n which_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o 14_o of_o february_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o they_o begin_v to_o till_o their_o land_n which_o be_v the_o plain_a but_o the_o mountainous_a in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n the_o african_n have_v a_o certain_a persuasion_n that_o the_o year_n have_v 40_o very_a hot_a day_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n so_o many_o cold_a arabian_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o arabian_n day_n which_o they_o say_v begin_v from_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n they_o begin_v the_o aequinox_n on_o the_o 16_o of_o march_n and_o on_o the_o 16_o of_o september_n their_o solstice_n on_o the_o 16_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 16_o of_o december_n the_o end_n of_o their_o autumn_n all_o their_o winter_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o spring_n be_v full_a of_o violent_a wind_n accompanied_z with_o hail_o lightning_n and_o dreadful_a thunder_n neither_o be_v there_o want_v in_o many_o place_n of_o barbary_n a_o abundance_n of_o snow_n in_o mount_n atlas_n 7_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n they_o divide_v the_o year_n only_o into_o two_o part_n for_o from_o october_n even_o to_o april_n they_o have_v a_o continual_a winter_n and_o from_o april_n again_o to_o october_n they_o have_v summer_n in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o day_n in_o which_o the_o mountain_n top_n glitter_v with_o snow_n numidia_n the_o season_n of_o numidia_n in_o numidia_n the_o part_n of_o the_o year_n swift_o pass_v away_o for_o in_o may_v they_o reap_v their_o corn_n in_o october_n they_o gather_v their_o date_n but_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n to_o january_n a_o violent_a frost_n continue_v october_n abstain_v from_o rains_n all_o hope_n of_o sow_v be_v take_v from_o the_o husbandman_n the_o same_o happen_v if_o that_o april_n produce_v not_o pluvial_a water_n leo_fw-la astricanus_fw-la remember_v many_o mountain_n of_o snow_n in_o africa_n not_o far_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n china_n of_o china_n the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n although_o no_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o italy_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o cold_a more_o sharp_a for_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v congeal_v up_o with_o frost_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v except_o we_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o the_o snowy_a mountain_n of_o tartary_n not_o far_o remote_a to_o the_o avoid_n of_o which_o cold_a they_o abound_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o fox_n and_o scythilian_a rat_n england_n new_a england_n new_a england_n although_o it_o lie_v in_o 42_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n and_o therefore_o no_o more_o remove_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o italy_n yet_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n when_o sir_n francis_n drake_n be_v there_o the_o air_n be_v so_o vehement_a cold_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o sail_v back_o to_o the_o south_n for_o the_o mountain_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o snow_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o frigid_a temperature_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_n egypt_n the_o season_n of_o egypt_n in_o egypt_n which_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o spring_n and_o temperate_a season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v observe_v about_o january_n and_o february_n the_o summer_n begin_v with_o march_n and_o april_n and_o continue_v june_n july_n and_o august_n the_o autumn_n possess_v september_n and_o october_n the_o winter_n have_v november_n and_o december_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n they_o reap_v their_o corn_n and_o present_o thresh_v it_o after_o the_o 20_o of_o may_v not_o a_o ear_n of_o corn_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o field_n no_o fruit_n on_o the_o tree_n on_o the_o ides_n of_o june_n the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nilus_n begin_v magellan_n the_o season_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n and_o the_o adjacent_a region_n although_o they_o be_v no_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o our_o part_n
be_v under_o the_o 52_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o very_o hot_a summer_n so_o that_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n when_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o hot_a summer_n find_v a_o great_a glade_n of_o ice_n in_o the_o creek_n of_o one_o of_o their_o sea_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o adjacent_a coast_n snow_n be_v discover_v all_o the_o summer_n long_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o region_n of_o the_o south_n temperate_a zone_n they_o have_v a_o cold_a far_o more_a intense_a in_o winter_n and_o a_o violency_n of_o rain_n and_o a_o less_o heat_n in_o summer_n than_o the_o part_n of_o our_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n whether_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o sun_n make_v a_o long_a stay_n and_o the_o slow_a progress_n in_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o northern_a zodiac_n than_o in_o the_o southern_a be_v to_o be_v question_v in_o the_o neighbour_a province_n of_o peru_n which_o they_o call_v la_fw-fr valla_n imperial_a in_o the_o province_n of_o potosi_n they_o find_v so_o great_a a_o cold_a that_o for_o four_o mile_n circumference_n there_o grow_v nothing_o chili_n the_o season_n of_o chili_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chili_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o 30_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n to_o 50_o degree_n the_o spring_n begin_v in_o the_o month_n of_o august_n soon_o than_o the_o celestial_a account_n admit_v and_o end_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n and_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o november_n summer_n begin_v even_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o february_n from_o whence_o autumn_n lead_v on_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n which_o the_o winter_n succede_v which_o be_v very_o violent_a and_o dispoil_v the_o tree_n of_o their_o blossom_n and_o scatter_v a_o deep_a snow_n with_o a_o vehement_a frost_n which_o yet_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o sun_n except_o which_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o the_o sun_n appear_v not_o but_o the_o snow_n rare_o fall_v in_o the_o valley_n for_o although_o it_o fall_v in_o great_a abundance_n and_o be_v heap_v up_o so_o high_a that_o it_o ascend_v the_o top_n of_o mountain_n and_o be_v heap_v together_o in_o the_o vacuity_n of_o the_o mountain_n as_o in_o so_o many_o well_n and_o endure_v almost_o the_o whole_a year_n yet_o be_v there_o dissolve_v they_o flow_v into_o the_o river_n and_o torrent_n which_o run_v through_o the_o valley_n with_o a_o great_a force_n even_o to_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o great_a enrichment_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o although_o here_o it_o snow_n not_o except_o rare_o in_o the_o plain_n yet_o it_o make_v so_o excessive_a a_o frost_n that_o the_o like_a be_v scarce_o feel_v in_o many_o part_n of_o europe_n which_o happen_v partly_o from_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n partly_o from_o the_o propinquity_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o which_o descend_v so_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a wind_n that_o sometime_o they_o be_v unsufferable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o maritime_a part_n be_v more_o temperate_a he_o that_o be_v studious_a may_v collect_v other_o difference_n of_o region_n under_o the_o same_o climate_n or_o in_o the_o vicine_fw-la climate_n from_o writer_n for_o example_n that_o in_o england_n the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o in_o holland_n so_o that_o they_o pen_v not_o up_o their_o herd_n in_o the_o winter_n between_o siberia_n and_o tartary_n in_o a_o place_n seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n in_o the_o end_n of_o our_o temperate_a be_v say_v to_o be_v pleasant_a field_n and_o rich_a pasture_n almost_o no_o cold_a see_v that_o they_o scarce_o feel_v winter_n where_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovia_n the_o city_n tooru_n be_v build_v which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o much_o increase_v that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o repel_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o tartar_n japan_n the_o island_n of_o japan_n in_o japan_n the_o winter_n be_v cold_a snowy_a ruiny_n when_o yet_o other_o region_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o climate_n have_v far_o lesser_a winter_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o japan_n consist_v of_o many_o island_n disjoin_v by_o a_o small_a euripus_n and_o that_o it_o also_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n summer_n america_n very_o hot_a in_o the_o summer_n in_o armenia_n and_o the_o adjoin_a place_n there_o be_v great_a heat_n in_o summer_n because_o it_o lie_v among_o mountain_n here_o and_o there_o mix_v with_o field_n hence_o the_o more_o rich_a in_o some_o place_n in_o summer_n remove_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o remain_v there_o for_o some_o month_n but_o the_o mean_a sort_n in_o the_o day_n time_n defend_v themselves_o in_o the_o mountain_n from_o the_o near_a and_o about_o eventide_n do_v descend_v to_o the_o low_a ground_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o declare_v how_o in_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n have_v themselves_o with_o the_o light_n zone_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n the_o cause_n of_o those_o season_n with_o the_o light_n propose_v in_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o chapter_n thus_o stand_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n 1._o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o some_o day_n or_o month_n as_o the_o place_n be_v either_o near_o or_o remote_a from_o the_o pole_n do_v not_o arise_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o for_o so_o many_o day_n set_v not_o 2._o in_o those_o day_n when_o he_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n he_o only_o illustrate_v those_o place_n with_o his_o oblique_a ray_n because_o he_o be_v not_o much_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n but_o move_v round_o it_o because_o those_o place_n be_v over_o much_o remove_v from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o deep_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n yea_o in_o place_n near_o the_o polary_a circle_n or_o arctic_a pole_n although_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o arise_v yet_o part_n of_o his_o skirt_n arise_v and_o be_v behold_v for_o some_o day_n above_o the_o horizon_n before_o the_o centre_n itself_o arise_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o half_a sun_n possess_v 15_o minute_n in_o the_o heaven_n for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v those_o place_n who_o distance_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 67_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v according_a to_o this_o latitude_n and_o in_o the_o meridian_n crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n you_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a do_v not_o arise_v from_o the_o 19_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la to_o the_o 11_o of_o capricorn_n that_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o that_o arch_n do_v not_o arise_v for_o 24_o day_n viz._n from_o the_o 10_o of_o december_n to_o the_o four_o of_o january_n and_o yet_o part_v of_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o that_o whole_a time_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o limbus_n glitter_v the_o horizon_n but_o on_o the_o 10_o of_o december_n as_o also_o on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n half_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o half_o beneath_o because_o the_o centre_n be_v then_o in_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o whole_a sun_n shall_v be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n when_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v hold_v the_o 14_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n that_o be_v about_o the_o 4_o day_n of_o january_n also_o the_o whole_a shall_v afterward_o appear_v when_o his_o centre_n shall_v possess_v the_o 16_o degree_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la that_o be_v about_o the_o 7_o of_o december_n but_o in_o place_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 70_o or_o 75_o degree_n there_o this_o difference_n between_o the_o oriental_a limbus_n and_o the_o oriental_a centre_n be_v very_o little_a so_o that_o the_o limbus_n or_o skirt_n scarce_o anticipate_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n one_o day_n or_o half_o a_o day_n from_o this_o small_a of_o depression_n it_o follow_v also_o that_o they_o enjoy_v the_o light_n of_o the_o crepusculum_fw-la many_o hour_n before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o although_o the_o sun_n arise_v not_o yet_o in_o all_o or_o many_o of_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n they_o have_v light_n in_o the_o air._n there_o be_v also_o another_o cause_n 19_o see_v chap._n 19_o which_o make_v the_o sun_n first_o to_o be_v see_v before_o that_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o not_o only_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v before_o he_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o before_o the_o ray_n can_v direct_o come_v from_o he_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n soon_o illustrate_v
place_n to_o wit_n the_o 31_o of_o december_n if_o in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v the_o first_o of_o january_n and_o saturday_n or_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o week_n when_o in_o this_o place_n it_o shall_v be_v sunday_n or_o the_o first_o day_n of_o a_o new_a week_n and_o if_o they_o have_v sail_v round_o the_o earth_n twice_o thrice_o or_o soin_fw-fr time_n they_o shall_v also_o reckon_v so_o many_o day_n less_o this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o wonder_n and_o admiration_n some_o age_n ago_o to_o mâ—â—â—â—_n and_o other_o but_o the_o frequency_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v lessehen_fw-ge the_o admination_n and_o have_v administer_v occasion_n to_o mathemnâ—â—â—_n to_o 〈…〉_o the_o cause_n neither_o be_v it_o difficult_a to_o explain_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o apprehend_v and_o a_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v propose_v â—_o for_o it_o dependetiâ—â—_n the_o diurual_a cirâ—â—â—voluationâ—_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o from_o his_o proper_a nation_n as_o some_o have_v think_v which_o we_o may_v begin_v from_o any_o circle_n but_o for_o our_o more_o easy_a understanding_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o begin_v from_o the_o meridies_n that_o the_o day_n may_v be_v the_o time_n from_o one_o meridies_n to_o the_o follow_a meridies_n or_o noon_n or_o whilst_o the_o sun_n return_v from_o the_o semicircle_n of_o one_o meridiany_n to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n therefore_o because_o that_o those_o who_o sail_n towards_o the_o east_n or_o rise_v come_v to_o those_o place_n where_o the_o sun_n first_o rise_v and_o make_v his_o meridian_n than_o in_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o depart_v thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o have_v arrive_v they_o begin_v to_o reckon_v a_o new_a day_n for_o example_n the_o second_o day_n of_o january_n where_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o departure_n hitherto_o they_o have_v number_v the_o first_o day_n of_o january_n if_o that_o they_o set_v sail_n on_o the_o same_o and_o the_o difference_n shall_v be_v one_o or_o two_o hour_n this_o anticipation_n daily_o increase_v until_o they_o come_v towards_o the_o east_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v make_v the_o hour_n of_o half_a a_o day_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o opposite_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n for_o here_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n of_o a_o new_a day_n when_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o midnight_n of_o the_o precede_a day_n and_o where_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o meridian_n 1â—_n degree_n more_o remote_a be_v in_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n 13_o hour_n soon_o than_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o and_o when_o again_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o a_o meridian_n more_o remote_a 15_o degree_n there_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o minidiesâ—4_n â—4_z hour_n soon_o than_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o and_o so_o moreover_o as_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o meridian_n or_o place_v more_o remote_a 15_o degree_n they_o shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n 15_o 16_o 17_o hour_n soon_o and_o shall_v begin_v to_o account_v a_o new_a day_n soon_o than_o in_o their_o place_n of_o their_o set_n forth_o so_o that_o when_o at_o length_n they_o shall_v have_v return_v to_o the_o place_n they_o shall_v then_o number_v the_o meridies_n of_o a_o new_a day_n soon_o by_o 24_o hour_n where_o in_o the_o place_n also_o the_o meridies_n be_v which_o yet_o may_v answer_v in_o number_n to_o the_o meridies_n which_o the_o mariner_n have_v the_o former_a day_n but_o it_o be_v contrary_a with_o those_o who_o sail_n towards_o the_o west_n when_o they_o return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o set_v forth_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o recede_v from_o this_o place_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o sun_n late_a in_o the_o meridies_n because_o they_o be_v in_o a_o more_o remote_a meridian_n and_o therefore_o do_v late_a begin_v the_o account_n of_o their_o new_a day_n than_o in_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o set_v forth_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n take_v away_o a_o whole_a day_n in_o the_o return_n corollary_n 1._o corollary_n corollary_n if_o that_o two_o at_o the_o same_o time_n set_v forth_o from_o any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o they_o shall_v return_v both_o together_o to_o the_o same_o place_n the_o whole_a earth_n be_v sail_v about_o he_o that_o take_v his_o journey_n towards_o the_o east_n shall_v reckon_v two_o day_n more_o than_o he_o which_o take_v it_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o if_o they_o have_v sail_v the_o earth_n about_o twice_o they_o shall_v reckon_v a_o day_n more_o if_o thrice_o 6_o day_n more_o etc._n etc._n but_o the_o day_n of_o these_o be_v long_o of_o those_o short_a corollary_n 2._o the_o same_o will_v happen_v if_o that_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n any_o two_o meet_v one_o the_o other_o and_o from_o hence_o first_o and_o then_o often_o afterward_o be_v this_o apparent_o discover_v for_o when_o ferdinando_n magellanes_n by_o a_o direct_a course_n into_o the_o west_n have_v enter_v the_o indies_n by_o the_o strait_n denominate_v from_o he_o it_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o mariner_n which_o there_o meet_v with_o other_o european_n bring_v towards_o the_o east_n by_o a_o ordinary_a journey_n that_o the_o kaleudar_n or_o the_o numeration_n of_o the_o day_n differ_v a_o whole_a day_n the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o all_o which_o have_v sail_v round_o the_o earth_n when_o they_o have_v come_v into_o the_o indies_n corillary_n 10._o this_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o two_o near_a place_n the_o account_n of_o a_o different_a day_n 〈◊〉_d observe_v viz._n in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n and_o in_o the_o city_n of_o marrow_n on_o the_o chaste_a of_o china_n isle_n the_o day_n in_o macoa_n not_o the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n although_o they_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n yet_o they_o reckon_v the_o day_n of_o the_o calendar_n soon_o in_o macoa_n than_o in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n and_o that_o by_o the_o anticipation_n of_o one_o day_n so_o that_o it_o be_v sunday_n in_o moacoa_n when_o but_o saturday_n in_o the_o philippine_n isle_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n be_v this_o that_o the_o rortuâ—â—â—_n possess_v the_o city_n of_o macoa_n come_v thither_o from_o europe_n towards_o the_o east_n by_o asseccourse_n out_o of_o india_n but_o the_o spaniard_n which_o possess_v the_o philippine_n isle_n come_v thither_o from_o europe_n towards_o the_o west_n by_o a_o set_a course_n from_o america_n therefore_o it_o be_v in_o fer_v from_o the_o precede_a corollary_n because_o here_o in_o mâ—â—a_n and_o the_o philippines_n they_o almost_o meet_v 〈◊〉_d â—ome_v into_o the_o same_o meridian_n that_o they_o shall_v â—â—ceâ—d_v by_o one_o day_n the_o day_n of_o the_o other_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o various_a rise_v set_v altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o appearance_n in_o the_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n 1._o to_o place_n or_o hang_v a_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n shine_v those_o part_n of_o the_o globe_n may_v be_v illuminate_v which_o the_o sun_n enlighten_v in_o the_o earth_n at_o any_o time_n and_o that_o it_o also_o may_v appear_v unto_o what_o people_n the_o sun_n rise_v and_o to_o who_o it_o set_v to_o who_o it_o make_v the_o meridies_n and_o to_o who_o it_o be_v altogether_o abscond_v to_o what_o place_n it_o be_v vertical_a also_o to_o find_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o place_n globe_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n show_v by_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o globe_n be_v place_v be_v note_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o a_o chalk_n on_o that_o point_n of_o the_o meridian_n therefore_o if_o the_o globe_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v by_o a_o cord_n the_o cord_n must_v be_v tie_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o meridian_n but_o if_o that_o it_o must_v be_v place_v firm_o in_o any_o place_n a_o iron_n piâ—_n must_v be_v bring_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n even_o to_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o this_o iron_n pin_n must_v be_v close_o fix_v to_o the_o horizontal_n plain_a that_o it_o may_v remain_v immovable_a the_o globe_n must_v be_v dispose_v according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n viz_o that_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o globe_n may_v regard_v the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n
have_v observe_v the_o beginning_n also_o in_o his_o map_n but_o see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n do_v the_o same_o neither_o do_v it_o do_v it_o in_o all_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o other_o geographer_n have_v not_o think_v that_o cause_n sufficient_a and_o some_o have_v place_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o brazilian_n shore_n the_o more_o modern_a especial_o the_o hollander_n have_v go_v back_o to_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n isle_n have_v choose_v in_o one_o of_o they_o call_v teneriffe_n teneriffe_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o hollander_n begin_v at_o teneriffe_n a_o mountain_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n call_v el_n pico_fw-la de_fw-fr teneriffe_n and_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o judge_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v begin_v because_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o a_o famous_a and_o durable_a place_n for_o all_o age_n may_v be_v best_a choose_v for_o this_o purpose_n concern_v which_o in_o age_n to_o come_v posterity_n shall_v not_o easy_o doubt_v and_o moreover_o that_o that_o assignation_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v not_o be_v desert_v on_o a_o trivial_a account_n canary_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o french_a begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n in_o the_o canary_n the_o french_a at_o this_o day_n from_o the_o year_n 1634_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o first_o meridian_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n isles_n which_o beginning_n lewis_n the_o xiii_o king_n of_o france_n command_v his_o mariner_n and_o geographer_n to_o observe_v astronomer_n also_o take_v divers_a place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n for_o those_o who_o follow_v tycho_n be_v wont_a to_o place_v it_o at_o vranoburge_n situate_a in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o danish_a sea_n and_o at_o this_o place_n to_o compute_v their_o celestial_a motion_n and_o thence_o to_o other_o place_n other_o make_v other_o beginning_n as_o they_o follow_v this_o or_o that_o author_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n astronomer_n the_o longitude_n likewise_o begin_v in_o sundry_a place_n by_o astronomer_n for_o the_o writer_n of_o ephemerides_n as_o also_o the_o computer_n of_o the_o planetary_a table_n be_v wont_a to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o meridian_n of_o their_o own_o country_n as_o origanus_n to_o frankford_n maginus_fw-la to_o venice_n because_o that_o milan_n be_v a_o academy_n of_o the_o venetian_n ecstadius_n to_o stetin_n lansbergius_n to_o goesa_n in_o zealand_n reinholdus_n to_o regium_n a_o mountain_n of_o borusia_n but_o to_o speak_v free_o what_o i_o think_v all_o this_o dissent_n of_o author_n proceed_v from_o no_o sufficient_a cause_n so_o that_o those_o who_o first_o remove_v the_o ptolomaick-beginning_n out_o of_o its_o place_n be_v blame_v worthy_a but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o whatsoever_o beginning_n of_o this_o account_n be_v take_v in_o the_o earth_n whether_o the_o place_n be_v note_v or_o the_o ultimate_a to_o the_o occident_n or_o orient_a so_o that_o the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v accurate_o know_v at_o it_o yet_o this_o variety_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o meridian_n express_v the_o read_n of_o geographical_a writer_n with_o many_o confusion_n and_o difficulty_n yet_o because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v of_o great_a utility_n and_o that_o that_o declination_n increase_v even_o to_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o then_o again_o decrease_v i_o think_v it_o not_o altogether_o inconvenient_a for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n and_o the_o more_o easy_a comparison_n of_o the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o it_o if_o that_o that_o be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n make_v little_a or_o no_o declination_n so_o that_o such_o a_o meridian_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o which_o or_o the_o most_o at_o least_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n will_v do_v it_o but_o see_v that_o the_o hollander_n at_o this_o time_n take_v the_o mountain_n of_o teneriffe_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o longitude_n and_o that_o they_o sail_v at_o this_o day_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o begin_n with_o they_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o diaries_n that_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o publish_v now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o read_n of_o author_n where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o of_o a_o certain_a number_v meridian_n that_o then_o you_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n that_o author_n determine_v or_o through_o what_o place_n he_o bring_v his_o first_o meridian_n as_o you_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o map_n which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n be_v the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o part_n and_o place_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o longitude_n i_o say_v of_o those_o place_n be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o french_a account_n begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o of_o fer_n be_v one_o of_o the_o canary_n isle_n they_o be_v compose_v by_o monsieur_n sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o who_o method_n be_v not_o convenient_a to_o be_v allow_v for_o to_o that_o the_o longitude_n of_o other_o place_n must_v be_v bring_v and_o inquire_v of_o proposition_n iii_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n or_o the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o a_o certain_a meridian_n be_v give_v which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o map_n or_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v the_o situation_n and_o point_n of_o that_o place_n on_o the_o map_n or_o globe_n or_o thus_o if_o that_o we_o be_v in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n either_o at_o land_n or_o sea_n which_o be_v unknown_a unto_o we_o or_o who_o situation_n we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o if_o we_o can_v find_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o this_o place_n thence_o to_o find_v out_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o distance_n from_o other_o place_n this_o be_v that_o problem_n for_o which_o a_o method_n be_v seek_v so_o anxious_o and_o with_o so_o great_a industry_n by_o which_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n at_o any_o time_n in_o which_o we_o be_v in_o it_o may_v be_v find_v and_o therefore_o although_o we_o shall_v first_o treat_v of_o the_o invention_n of_o this_o longitude_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o premise_v the_o problem_n itself_o for_o which_o that_o longitude_n be_v seek_v for_o and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n see_v that_o we_o must_v treat_v large_o of_o this_o longitude_n lest_o you_o shall_v be_v cloy_v not_o know_v to_o what_o end_n so_o great_a a_o labour_n be_v undertake_v and_o so_o many_o various_a way_n try_v know_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n of_o great_a importance_n to_o mariner_n to_o know_v for_o mariner_n have_v sail_v far_o from_o the_o shoar_n and_o be_v in_o the_o ocean_n because_o they_o can_v accurate_o know_v the_o way_n of_o their_o voyage_n make_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o divers_a hindrance_n and_o note_v it_o in_o their_o map_n be_v often_o ignorant_a in_o what_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o be_v what_o situation_n this_o place_n have_v to_o those_o place_n whither_o they_o go_v or_o what_o place_n be_v to_o be_v go_v to_o if_o that_o they_o will_v avoid_v danger_n and_o therefore_o also_o they_o be_v ignorant_a unto_o what_o quarter_n they_o must_v direct_v their_o course_n unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o more_o ready_a a_o method_n than_o for_o to_o certain_o find_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n that_o be_v its_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o some_o certain_a meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o mathematician_n have_v teach_v they_o with_o no_o great_a difficulty_n by_o divers_a way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o day_n by_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o night_n by_o the_o star_n such_o modes_n we_o have_v show_v before_o for_o those_o who_o think_v to_o know_v it_o only_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n sufficient_o discover_v their_o ignorance_n from_o which_o latitude_n be_v find_v they_o know_v in_o what_o parallel_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o be_v which_o indeed_o be_v no_o small_a part_n of_o the_o demand_n but_o see_v that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o parallel_n be_v infinite_a they_o do_v not_o yet_o know_v from_o the_o
place_n and_o situation_n and_o therefore_o very_a unlike_o figure_n arise_v thence_o in_o the_o table_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o it_o without_o the_o earth_n or_o without_o that_o part_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v there_o arise_v a_o various_a representation_n of_o that_o superficies_n on_o the_o table_n for_o as_o there_o exi_v another_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o house_n when_o the_o eye_n may_v behold_v it_o from_o a_o situation_n direct_o opposite_a another_o from_o a_o oblique_a situation_n another_o from_o a_o upper_a place_n another_o from_o a_o long_a place_n and_o so_o change_v according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o tutor_n may_v explain_v by_o diagram_n so_o there_o arise_v a_o different_a position_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v represent_v on_o the_o table_n if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o conceive_v in_o the_o air_n in_o such_o a_o situation_n that_o it_o may_v hang_v over_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o otherwise_o if_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o pretend_a axis_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o semi-axis_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v eminent_a over_o any_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o parallel_n as_o well_o as_o the_o meridian_n obtain_v various_a representation_n because_o the_o ray_n draw_v from_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o eye_n perforate_v the_o table_n in_o divers_a point_n endue_v with_o a_o various_a situation_n which_o the_o reader_n may_v easy_o understand_v profitable_a the_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n very_o profitable_a if_o that_o they_o have_v the_o live_a information_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n the_o other_o which_o i_o esteem_v fit_a for_o the_o reader_n consideration_n in_o this_o method_n for_o his_o better_a understanding_n be_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o table_n and_o representation_n for_o we_o can_v show_v the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o world_n as_o temple_n house_n and_o the_o like_a on_o a_o great_a or_o small_a table_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o by_o how_o much_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o object_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n receive_v the_o lesser_a magnitude_n ziz_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n so_o remain_v 2._o how_o much_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n in_o which_o the_o representation_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o ray_n be_v near_o move_v to_o the_o eye_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n or_o projecture_n receive_v the_o lesser_a form_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o to_o the_o object_n so_o much_o the_o great_a but_o if_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v remove_v in_o any_o kind_n from_o the_o object_n the_o table_n remain_v so_o that_o it_o be_v remove_v in_o the_o same_o line_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v in_o one_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o projecture_n be_v not_o change_v but_o only_o the_o magnitude_n the_o similitude_n remain_v so_o also_o if_o that_o the_o table_n be_v any_o way_n move_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o remove_v towards_o the_o object_n all_o the_o projecture_n do_v become_v of_o a_o divers_a magnitude_n yet_o they_o remain_v mutual_o alike_o and_o represent_v all_o the_o place_n in_o a_o like_a situation_n so_o that_o the_o table_n shall_v observe_v the_o parallel_n situate_v from_o the_o eye_n in_o his_o access_n and_o recess_n but_o if_o the_o table_n receive_v another_o position_n and_o also_o if_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o only_o remove_v but_o also_o recede_v from_o that_o perpendicular_a line_n than_o the_o like_a projecture_n shall_v not_o arise_v and_o the_o place_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a situation_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o beside_o a_o various_a magnitude_n there_o shall_v also_o be_v a_o notable_a dissimilitude_n in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o all_o body_n as_o also_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v so_o wont_a to_o happen_v that_o we_o attribute_v such_o a_o situation_n to_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n that_o it_o may_v touch_v the_o body_n or_o superficies_n in_o that_o point_n to_o which_o the_o line_n draw_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n or_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o to_o obtain_v the_o lesser_a or_o great_a projecture_n we_o remove_v the_o point_n of_o the_o eye_n more_o or_o less_o from_o the_o earth_n but_o then_o we_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v very_o small_a this_o in_o general_a be_v explain_v concern_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o original_a of_o geographical_a map_n we_o shall_v show_v the_o method_n of_o do_v it_o where_o first_o we_o shall_v show_v whether_o these_o table_n shall_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n and_o whether_o all_o may_v be_v make_v according_a to_o they_o for_o the_o end_n of_o these_o table_n or_o map_n be_v to_o the_o life_n and_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v to_o express_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o it_o be_v demand_v and_o that_o not_o unadvised_o whether_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o another_o method_n which_o observe_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n for_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n or_o contrary_a to_o they_o so_o that_o it_o exact_o represent_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n the_o table_n shall_v be_v account_v to_o be_v well_o do_v to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o certain_a table_n of_o some_o small_a province_n may_v be_v make_v and_o be_v also_o make_v by_o another_o method_n to_o wit_n by_o angle_n of_o position_n or_o also_o by_o distance_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o last_o place_n yet_o in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v be_v perform_v by_o a_o more_o commodious_a method_n than_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n although_o the_o true_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n may_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o table_n make_v according_a to_o these_o rule_n map_n thing_n to_o be_v know_v about_o the_o make_n of_o these_o map_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o make_v of_o these_o map_n we_o must_v attend_v to_o a_o threefold_a end_n 1._o that_o all_o the_o place_n must_v have_v such_o a_o situation_n and_o distance_n to_o the_o chief_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o parallel_n the_o meridian_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o so_o that_o from_o those_o table_n the_o parallel_n of_o every_o place_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o the_o pole_n the_o zone_n the_o climate_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v behold_v because_o that_o from_o thence_o many_o property_n of_o the_o region_n and_o celestial_a appearance_n do_v depend_v 2._o that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o every_o region_n may_v have_v that_o proportion_n that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o 3._o that_o every_o place_n may_v have_v the_o same_o situation_n to_o the_o other_o mutual_o which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o these_o three_o requisite_n all_o map_n or_o table_n ought_v exact_o to_o perform_v the_o first_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n exact_o do_v because_o they_o be_v make_v from_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n neither_o do_v the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n hinder_v the_o same_o but_o for_o the_o second_o they_o can_v accurate_o perform_v the_o same_o if_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n be_v observe_v because_o the_o crooked_a path_n of_o the_o superficies_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o eye_n make_v the_o representation_n lesser_a in_o the_o glass_n than_o those_o part_n subject_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o yet_o that_o inequality_n be_v small_a and_o become_v insensible_a if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v remote_a a_o infinite_a interval_n from_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o three_o requisite_a can_v be_v perform_v by_o no_o large_a table_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n also_o those_o of_o the_o 4_o quar_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o great_a province_n although_o they_o may_v accomplish_v it_o in_o the_o lesser_a region_n and_o the_o vulgar_a suppose_n
the_o shore_n and_o in_o the_o harbour_n as_o also_o great_a ship_n come_v to_o zealand_n than_o to_o holland_n proposition_n v._o if_o a_o ship_n be_v so_o burden_v that_o its_o weight_n or_o gravity_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o the_o weight_n or_o gravity_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n equal_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o ship_n yet_o it_o sink_v not_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v bring_v into_o any_o river_n it_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o water_n of_o rivers_n be_v light_a than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o lade_a ship_n be_v almost_o equal_a to_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o marine_a water_n therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v great_a than_o the_o gravity_n of_o river_n water_n and_o so_o the_o ship_n shall_v be_v sink_v in_o the_o river_n or_o carry_v to_o the_o bottom_n many_o ship_n for_o this_o reason_n have_v perish_v which_o have_v be_v over_o lade_v by_o unskilful_a mariner_n or_o not_o unburden_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n now_o how_o much_o this_o gravity_n shall_v be_v be_v know_v from_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n to_o river_n water_n proposition_n vi_o any_o body_n swim_v on_o the_o water_n have_v that_o weight_n that_o the_o watery_a mole_n have_v equal_a to_o the_o demergent_a part_n of_o this_o body_n corollary_n the_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v give_v which_o be_v under_o water_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a burden_a ship_n may_v be_v find_v for_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n be_v know_v or_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v for_o example_n one_o cubick_a foot_n of_o water_n be_v 70_o li._n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n under_o water_n be_v 2000_o cubick_a foot_n therefore_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o watery_a mole_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n under_o water_n shall_v be_v 140000_o li._n so_o much_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o ship_n jade_v proposition_n vii_o a_o ship_n be_v most_o common_o account_v commodious_o to_o carry_v that_o quantity_n of_o burden_n who_o gravity_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o gravity_n of_o half_a the_o mole_n of_o water_n which_o the_o ship_n can_v contain_v for_o example_n if_o the_o ship_n can_v carry_v 500000_o tun_n of_o water_n whereof_o every_o one_o be_v account_v at_o 2000_o li._n weight_n that_o be_v if_o it_o contain_v the_o water_n of_o 1000000000_o li._n you_o may_v convenient_o lade_v it_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o 250000_o tun_n 1000000000._o in_o this_o sense_n you_o must_v understand_v it_o when_o they_o say_v that_o ship_n be_v so_o many_o tun_n or_o carry_v so_o many_o last_v the_o spanish_a carract_n carry_v 1200_o last_n the_o great_a holland_n indian_a ship_n 800_o last_n proposition_n viii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o ship_n jade_v be_v great_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o it_o be_v toss_v with_o storm_n and_o tempest_n lade_v a_o jade_a ship_n be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v toss_v in_o tempest_n as_o when_o not_o lade_v ship_n of_o 2000_o tun_n be_v not_o in_o danger_n of_o those_o tempest_n which_o be_v vexatious_a to_o ship_n of_o 300_o or_o 500_o tun_n much_o more_o may_v be_v say_v but_o this_o may_v suffice_v for_o element_n chap._n xxxvii_o of_o the_o three_o and_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o nautick_a aâ—t_n viz._n the_o art_n of_o guide_v or_o navigate_a of_o a_o ship_n and_o its_o subdivision_n of_o the_o four_o part_n proposition_n i._o that_o be_v term_v the_o art_n of_o guide_v or_o navigate_a of_o a_o ship_n which_o teach_v unto_o what_o quarter_n a_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v guide_v in_o any_o situation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o the_o purpose_a place_n without_o danger_n i_o make_v four_o part_n of_o it_o ship_n of_o the_o guide_v or_o steer_v of_o ship_n 1._o special_a geography_n that_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o space_n intercept_v between_o two_o place_n and_o the_o property_n of_o the_o same_o 2._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o quarter_n in_o every_o place_n 3._o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o line_n by_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o for_o there_o be_v between_o every_o two_o place_n infinite_a intercept_v line_n this_o part_n be_v term_v histriodromice_n 4._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o every_o place_n unto_o which_o by_o sail_v we_o arrive_v or_o how_o these_o place_n be_v situate_v unto_o that_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v this_o be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o sail_v proposition_n ii_o the_o cognition_n of_o the_o intermedial_a space_n comprehend_v these_o thing_n map_n thing_n observe_v from_o special_a geography_n and_o nautical_a map_n 1._o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n the_o procurrence_n of_o angle_n the_o bend_n of_o the_o shore_n the_o aspect_n of_o promontory_n mountain_n bay_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n the_o sight_n of_o island_n and_o coast_n of_o land_n all_o which_o be_v know_v from_o special_a geography_n and_o nautical_a map_n but_o most_o easy_o and_o with_o great_a certainty_n from_o observation_n and_o frequent_a navigation_n through_o any_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n that_o some_o mariner_n be_v more_o fit_a to_o guide_v a_o ship_n to_o such_o place_n and_o other_o to_o another_o 2._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o general_n and_o special_a wind_n and_o those_o that_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o any_o place_n which_o be_v exceed_o necessary_a in_o navigation_n which_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o adjacent_a place_n for_o here_o a_o general_a wind_n and_o in_o many_o place_n anniversary_n wind_n which_o we_o have_v show_v to_o be_v call_v moussons_n motion_n in_o our_o xx._n chapter_n do_v rule_n which_o either_o promote_v or_o hinder_v navigation_n for_o the_o indian_a sea_n be_v sail_v by_o these_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o these_o and_o also_o of_o storm_n and_o tempest_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o xx._n chapter_n 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o 3._o the_o condition_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o every_o tract_n also_o the_o quarter_n of_o it_o into_o which_o quarter_n the_o sea_n and_o wave_n be_v bear_v for_o they_o carry_v the_o ship_n with_o they_o the_o diversity_n of_o those_o motion_n in_o many_o place_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o xvii_o chap._n 17._o see_v chap._n 17._o first_o of_o all_o there_o be_v require_v a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o time_n or_o hour_n of_o the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v at_o every_o day_n the_o supputation_n of_o which_o be_v term_v the_o reckon_n of_o the_o tide_n for_o except_v a_o master_n know_v this_o the_o ship_n be_v often_o much_o hazard_v when_o it_o be_v near_a shore_n or_o sand_n whereof_o most_o in_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o water_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o most_o do_v in_o the_o decrease_n so_o with_o a_o flux_n the_o navigation_n be_v more_o facile_a to_o the_o shore_n and_o to_o the_o inlet_n of_o river_n and_o the_o contrary_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o reflux_n of_o the_o supputation_n of_o this_o time_n we_o have_v speak_v a_o little_a in_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o xvii_o chapter_n chap._n xxxviii_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o place_n viz._n the_o north_n south_n east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n proposition_n i._o in_o every_o place_n to_o know_v the_o plagas_fw-la viz._n the_o north_n south_n east_n and_o west_n and_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n navigation_n the_o quarter_n very_o neccessary_a in_o navigation_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o navigation_n see_v that_o a_o ship_n must_v be_v guide_v unto_o some_o quarter_n which_o if_o unknown_a there_o can_v be_v no_o direction_n and_o the_o very_a defect_n of_o this_o knowledge_n alone_o hinder_v the_o navigation_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o in_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a difference_n between_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a navigation_n for_o the_o ancient_n have_v not_o a_o method_n by_o which_o at_o any_o time_n in_o the_o large_a ocean_n they_o may_v know_v where_o be_v the_o north_n where_o the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o quarter_n therefore_o they_o can_v not_o nor_o dare_v they_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o vast_a ocean_n but_o only_o coast_v the_o shore_n so_o that_o they_o may_v know_v the_o quarter_n from_o other_o sign_n quarter_n the_o ancient_n have_v a_o double_a method_n of_o find_v out_o the_o quarter_n the_o ancient_n have_v a_o double_a method_n which_o serve_v also_o to_o the_o modern_a navigation_n of_o find_v out_o the_o quarter_n
mark_n with_o a_o chalk_n then_o let_v the_o shank_n apply_v to_o the_o quarter_n be_v move_v until_o the_o other_o note_a point_n of_o the_o shank_n apply_v to_o the_o quarter_n fall_v in_o on_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o observe_v latitude_n for_o the_o point_n of_o the_o fall_n in_o be_v the_o place_n seek_v viz._n the_o place_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o parallel_n of_o latitude_n observe_v on_o the_o map_n let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o this_o latitude_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la parallel_n be_v take_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n on_o the_o lateral_a line_n and_o let_v the_o rule_n in_o the_o line_n of_o the_o quarter_n and_o one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v move_v together_o in_o this_o parallel_n until_o the_o other_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o the_o note_a shank_n do_v meet_v the_o point_n of_o the_o meeting_n show_v the_o place_n of_o the_o ship_n seamen_n use_v two_o pair_n of_o compass_n if_o that_o you_o will_v determine_v more_o accurate_o by_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o place_n demand_v on_o the_o map_n or_o earth_n itself_o the_o problem_n be_v this_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o one_o place_n be_v give_v and_o the_o quarter_n in_o which_o the_o navigation_n be_v appoint_v to_o another_o place_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o place_n give_v to_o find_v his_o longitude_n for_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n give_v be_v the_o place_n itself_o 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o voyage_n perform_v from_o one_o know_v place_n to_o another_o unknown_a be_v observe_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o other_o be_v observe_v to_o find_v this_o other_o on_o the_o map_n let_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o voyage_n perform_v be_v take_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o opposite_a scale_n then_o if_o a_o parallel_n through_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n be_v observe_v on_o the_o map_n let_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v place_v on_o the_o note_a place_n the_o other_o foot_n on_o this_o parallel_n this_o point_n shall_v be_v the_o place_n demand_v but_o if_o the_o parallel_n pass_v not_o through_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n let_v one_o shank_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vicine_fw-la parallel_n on_o the_o other_o shank_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n be_v note_v and_o let_v the_o rule_n be_v move_v until_o the_o other_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n touch_v the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o rule_n the_o place_n of_o the_o map_n subject_n to_o the_o point_n in_o this_o situation_n shall_v be_v the_o seek_v for_o place_n of_o the_o ship_n if_o that_o a_o more_o accurate_a invention_n be_v require_v by_o calculation_n the_o problem_n shall_v be_v this_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o one_o place_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o on_o the_o line_n of_o navigation_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o other_o for_o this_o be_v know_v when_o the_o latitude_n be_v observe_v you_o have_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o on_o the_o map_n or_o earth_n the_o four_o or_o 5_o method_n also_o of_o find_v out_o of_o this_o place_n be_v also_o give_v viz._n in_o which_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o other_o or_o seek_v for_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v observe_v but_o the_o latitude_n be_v unknown_a but_o because_o that_o very_a seldom_o the_o longitude_n can_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o sea_n therefore_o this_o method_n be_v omit_v as_o unuseful_a metius_n see_v snellius_n stevens_n and_o metius_n he_o that_o desire_v more_o concern_v this_o method_n let_v he_o read_v snellius_n stevens_n metius_n and_o other_o that_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a of_o it_o proposition_n iii_o to_o conjecture_n unto_o what_o quarter_n the_o ship_n be_v move_v and_o in_o what_o rhombe_n although_o the_o sign_n be_v fallacious_a in_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o a_o ship_n those_o thing_n as_o note_a be_v take_v and_o observe_v 1._o the_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v move_v and_o the_o rhombe_n in_o which_o 2._o the_o way_n make_v 3._o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o it_o have_v arrive_v now_o therefore_o we_o must_v show_v how_o these_o three_o may_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o place_n for_o if_o that_o these_o be_v not_o right_o know_v or_o observe_v the_o true_a place_n shall_v neither_o be_v find_v or_o discover_v first_o therefore_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o rhombe_n loadstone_n the_o pilot_n know_v the_o quarter_n from_o the_o compass_n or_o loadstone_n the_o pilot_n know_v the_o quarter_n from_o the_o compass_n or_o loadstone_n for_o what_o quarter_n or_o rhombe_n of_o the_o compass_n agree_v with_o the_o line_n of_o the_o conceive_a longitude_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o same_o be_v put_v into_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o ship_n to_o be_v move_v and_o to_o describe_v its_o rhombe_n for_o they_o seldom_o use_v the_o sign_n take_v from_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o apparent_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n which_o they_o compute_v these_o sign_n may_v be_v corrupt_v by_o divers_a cause_n so_o that_o they_o may_v deceive_v in_o show_v the_o rhombe_n or_o quarter_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v uncertain_a in_o that_o place_n and_o therefore_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o compass_n do_v not_o show_v the_o true_a quarter_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o place_n have_v a_o flux_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n for_o it_o will_v carry_v the_o ship_n from_o the_o true_a rhombe_n although_o the_o ship_n be_v direct_v unto_o the_o same_o quarter_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v the_o frequent_a cause_n of_o this_o error_n and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n a_o general_a motion_n be_v of_o force_n and_o in_o many_o place_n a_o state_v and_o fix_v motion_n from_o state_v wind_n 3._o wind_n especial_o storm_n remove_v the_o ship_n from_o the_o rhombe_n of_o their_o voyage_n although_o they_o ply_v in_o the_o same_o quarter_n 4._o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v carry_v towards_o other_o quarter_n and_o carry_v the_o ship_n with_o it_o 5._o the_o rudder_n or_o helm_n can_v be_v move_v by_o he_o that_o steer_v unto_o any_o quarter_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n obstruct_v of_o it_o all_o these_o hinder_v the_o ship_n to_o be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o rhombe_n who_o quarter_n be_v show_v by_o the_o compass_n but_o how_o much_o it_o be_v draw_v aside_o must_v be_v learn_v by_o conjecture_n from_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o flood_n and_o of_o its_o quarter_n and_o the_o like_a but_o the_o method_n be_v very_o imperfect_a proposition_n iv_o to_o cast_v up_o the_o voyage_n make_v upon_o the_o rhombe_n to_o measure_v it_o at_o the_o give_v time_n from_o the_o give_v place_n etc._n the_o cast_v up_o the_o voyage_n make_v upon_o the_o rhombe_n etc._n etc._n pilot_n conjecture_v the_o same_o 1._o when_o they_o observe_v or_o know_v by_o experience_n what_o course_n a_o ship_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v with_o such_o a_o wind._n 2._o if_o that_o they_o have_v sail_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n or_o vicine_fw-la line_n with_o any_o wind_n and_o have_v observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o follow_a time_n for_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n turn_v into_o mile_n show_v the_o course_n make_v for_o so_o long_a a_o space_n of_o time_n and_o such_o a_o wind._n whence_o for_o the_o time_n give_v and_o such_o a_o wind_n continue_v the_o course_n make_v be_v collect_v 3._o with_o more_o industry_n they_o measure_v the_o course_n perform_v by_o a_o boat_n and_o string_n one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o globe_n be_v in_o the_o ship_n for_o the_o ship_n remain_v immovable_a sail_v be_v permit_v to_o the_o boat_n until_o it_o be_v remove_v 10_o or_o 12_o orgyas_n of_o the_o string_n and_o the_o time_n elapse_v between_o be_v observe_v and_o from_o this_o for_o any_o time_n of_o the_o perform_v course_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v find_v out_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o perform_v sail_v of_o the_o ship_n be_v corrupt_v and_o render_v uncertain_a by_o divers_a way_n yea_o be_v uncertain_a of_o themselves_o see_v they_o be_v mere_a conjecture_n 1._o oftentimes_o the_o ship_n make_v lesser_a or_o great_a way_n than_o the_o conjecture_n afford_v viz._n because_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o flux_n be_v