and increase in the Egg there appears nothing but Humours and Membranes containing them which are plainly of a Nervous Nature The first Stamina which appear in an Embryo after Incubation are probably the Arteries which have some Pulse and from these arise all the Viscera and Vessels as Veins Lymphatics Nerves and Glandules The Veins in which the thicker Mass circulates the Lymphatics into which the Serum of the Blood is received from the Arteries The Glands which are Conglomerate are vascular and are prolongations of the Arteries designed for the secretion of Humours the Brain is also vascular and the Nervous Fibrillae also like the other Lymphatics receive a clear Lympha from the Arteries and seem to return their Nervous lympha by the conglobate Glands into the Lymphatics the substance of the Spleen Kidneys and Liver is also Glandulous arising from the Arteries Since the Arteries not only appear first in an Embryo but also they supply all the other Vessels with their several Liquors I do not improbably assert That they are the Root of all the Animal Vessels and Solid Parts The Fibrillae of the Brain compose the several Membranes of the Body which cover the Vessels Viscera and constitute the substance of the Lungs Guts Stomach Skin and the Flesh of all the Muscles is made up of these Membranous Fibers which their Membranous Tendons evidently prove Nothing is observed in an Embryo more hard firm and solid than its Membranes so that its Bones Teeth Nails Hair and Horns were at first tender Membranous Fibrillae stuffed with a viscid Nutriment from which they have their rigidity and hardness so the Woody substance of Vegetables is only a bundle of hollow tender Pipes and after the same manner the solidity of the parts of Animals may be produced By the preceeding Description we may observe that all the Parts of the Body are originally of the same Membranous or Nervous Nature and therefore they are really to be accounted Similar and from the various conformation of the Similar Parts and their complications arise all the Dissimilar Parts so from the Veins Nerves Bones Membranes all the Organical Parts are framed which are designed for sensible Impressions as the Eye or Ear c. or some Animal Motion as the Muscles or the Preparation of the Animal Humours as the Stomach and Guts or the Secretion of them as the Glandulous Viscera Since all the Animal Parts are either Vessels which make the Solid Parts or else Humours and Spirits which make the Fluid I will divide all the Diseases of an Animal according to those Parts viz. into 1. The Diseases of the Solid Parts 2. The Diseases of the Humours 3. The Diseases of the Spirits which are the most Fluid or Aerial Parts of our Humours 1. The Intemperies of the Solid Parts depends on 1. The Humours circulating through them as the Blood and Spirits and they communicate either a sense of Heat or Coldness to them A dry Intemperies is only a defect of the Nutritious Juices and a moist Intemperies a fulness of the Nutritious Liquor 2. The Humour which nourishes the Solid Parts must give them their quality with their Nutriment an oyly hot Blood will give a Nutriment of the same quality An Acid Nutriment will produce a Coldness in the Parts a Viscid Nutriment gives a Dryness and a Serous an Hydropical Humour And since the Intemperies depends on those Humours the correcting of their several preternatural States cures all these preternatural dispositions of the Similar Parts for these may be esteemed as Symptoms depending on the other and need not be more particularly Treated of But I will only add that the Transient Intemperies depends on the circulating Humours and is soon altered but the permanent which depends on nutriment more difficultly 2. The due Magnitude of a Part is either increased by too much Nourishment or by fulness of viscid Humours impacted and the due natural Magnitude is abated by the defect of the Nutriment or the obstruction of the Vessels by viscid Humours so that this Species of the Diseases of the Solid Parts depends on the different state and motion of Humours and that being altered the preternatural Magnitude is Cured 3. The natural Cavities of the Solid part or its Vessels are chiefly obstructed by viscid or coagulated Humours and on them depends the Cure of Obstructions which also sometimes depends on an External Tumour compressing the Vessels or the growing together of its Vessels after an Vlcer 4. The Tone of a Solid part is altered by the Relaxation of its Nervous Fibers which happens through defect of the Spirits or the obstruction of the Vessels by viscid Humours and therefore this Diseased State is cured by supplying the quantity or altering the quality of the Humours The curing of the vitiated Tone of a part which depends on too much Extension or Humidity of it belongs to Chirurgery 5. The Continuity of the Solid Parts is vitiated by the Plethora of Humours which burst the Vessels or the Corrosive quality which eats them The Cure of Wounds properly belongs to Chirurgeons 6. The Natural and voluntary Motion of Parts depends on the Influx of Spirits and other right dispositions of the Organs so that all preternatural alterations of Motion whether increased lessened depraved or abolished depend on the different disposition of Organs and Motions of the Spirit and by rectifying them are Cured 7. The Pain of the Solid Parts is the corrugation or violent agitation of their Fibers when the Spirits are irritated by sharp Humours or the Motion of Humours obstructed from Choler is a hot Burning pain a cool gnawing pain from Acid Melancholy Humours a Corrosive pain neither Hot nor Cold from the Salso-Acid Serum a Distending pain from rarefied windy Spirits a Heavy Pain from Pituitous Humours a Beating pain from the Pulse of the Artery a Tensive pain from the distention of the Parts by the fulness of Humours These Diseases from Pain are onely Cured by evacuating the quantity and altering the quality of the Humours All other Pains depending on external Objects relate to Chirurgery 8. The Natural Figure of the Solid Parts may be altered the Cure of which belongs to Chirurgery when it does not depend on the fulness or vitious State of Humours 9. The number of Parts exceeding or deficient is properly supplied or abated by Chirurgery 10. The undue Situation or connexion of Parts in Fractures Luxations Hernia's or the Prolapsus of the Anus or Vterus are to be rectified by Chirurgical means These are the chief preternatural Indispositions of the Solid Parts which hinder their Use and Actions and they are called the Diseases of the Solid Parts or alterations from their Natural Constitution State or Qualities and I have observed how far each of them depends on the preternatural State of Humours as their Cause that they may be more easily Cured by removing that and that the Species of Diseases might not unnecessarily be multiplied but reduced to the
Epidemical Disease every Year should also occasion some particular Symptoms in the intermitting stationary Fever not unlike the Nature of the Epidemical Disease as if that were complicated with the Fever so we may observe that Rheumatisms have been frequent of late and all our Fevers have Rheumatic Stitches very much It seems very probable since the Plague visits us once in about Forty Years which depends on a putrid State of Humours that all the other Cacochymia's which produce the several different kinds of Fevers have also some kind of Revolution in which they return also and when it is mucilaginous the Fever is like a Quotidian when tartareous it has Cholical Symptoms when serous it is a Catarrhal Fever when flatulent a vertiginous Fever with Windiness in the primae viae and Running Pains but if the Cacochymia be Choleric a Tertian is produced if rancid oyly a scorbutic Fever if viscid Rheumatic Pains if vitriolic Quartans are produced These several Cacochymia's and their Epidemical Disease and stationary Fever both depending on the same may be observed every Year and by keeping an exact Account we shall in time find what Cacochymiae and Fevers succeed each other and in what periods we may expect their returns though it is probable we shall never discover the general Causes which introduce the several Cacochymia's upon which all Epidemical Diseases depend APPENDIX II. An Introductory Discourse to the Treatise of the Asthma containing an Explication of the old Notion of the Defluxions of Humours whereby the Asthma and divers other Chronical Diseases are produced ALL the Diseases which depend on a sudden preternatural Motion or Flux of Humours are produced either by an intermitting Fever or an Ephemera That most Diseases may be Symptoms of Fevers does sufficiently appear to a diligent Observer of the Phaenomena of Fevers and they are described in the Books of our Modern Writers The particular Cacochymia in our Humours cannot produce the Symptoms of Fevers without being rarified impelled or transmitted by Defluxion on some particular Part and the Occasion of this Flux the Ancients imputed to the Intemperies of some Parts which was the terminus à quo as the Head or Liver but the true Cause of the Defluxion is an Effervescence in the Blood and the terminus à quo is the Blood it self The Vessels through which the Flux is carried are the Veins Arteries Lymphatics and Nerves and several excretory Glands The terminus ad quem is the Part affected with sudden Pains as in Rheumatisms or in sudden Inflammations as in Pleurisies Quinsies Peripneumonia c. or sudden Evacuations of the serous nutritious Humours in Vomitings Diarrhaea's Coughs Sweats Diabetes c. or else by Haemorrhagies as Haemoptoe Fluxus Mensium and most of the Nervous Distempers like those of other Glands depend on the Admission or Propulsion of cacochymical Serum into the Nerves as in Apoplexies Lethargies Carus Epilepsies Convulsions Vertigo Asthma Palsies Tympanies All Tumours which rise suddenly depend on the Defluxion of Humours on that part in which they stagnate as Buboes Erysipela's Herpes c. All the preceeding Diseases are frequently the Symptoms of an intermitting Fever occasioned by the Fevers agitating or impelling a particular Cacochymia upon some Part. If this Cacochymia which disposed the Blood to that particular Symptom be evacuated or altered by the Fever none of those Symptoms remain but when the Fever is too soon suppressed those Symptoms become periodic chronical Diseases or at least Anniversary as appears in the Asthma Hemicrania and other Pains Inflammations Convulsions or Evacuations which have periodic Fits or at least return upon the Changes of the Year or when any external Causes or hot Medicines occasion an Effervescence in the Blood Then the Symptoms of the former Fever appear and the Cure of the Defluxions depending on a suppressed intermitting Fever is as followeth 1. We must evacuate the particular Cacochymia by Vomits and Purges and afterwards it is to be corrected by its particular Specific Tastes which must either raise or depress the natural Fermentation of Humours 2. The Disposition to a Fermentation must be stopt by a Febrifuge as the Cortex for that precipitates by its Stypticity and re-assimilates by its Bitterness the depraved Nutritious Serum which is the immediate Ferment of intermitting Fevers A simple Ebullition of Blood such as happens in Ephemera's is sufficient to produce many Defluxions of Humours in which there appears no Putrefaction of the Succus Nutritius as in putrid intermitting Fevers which we discern to be putrid by a Precipitation of a high-coloured thick Sediment in the Vrin which is of a Brick Colour like Blood calcined as Mr. Boyle observed and we call the Fever unputrid when the Vrin is always pale as in Ephemera's without the former Sediment When only an Ebullition happens in a cacochymical Blood the Mass is only agitated or rarefied in which is contained the serous salt Lympha the Chyle and its Lympha and the whole Succus Nutritius of an Animal This chylous or serous Mixture being lately fermented in the Stomach is of all the Mass most readily fermented or rarefied and again this serous nutritious Mass is more readily circulated into the Cutaneous or remotest Parts of the Body than that sanguineous or red Mass of the Blood or at least more easily secreted through the Glands and Lymphatics This is the more immediate subject of an Ephemera or rather an immediate Ferment or occasion of it when it is an irritated Ebullition by inward Causes as the Fulness or Acrimony of the Cacochymia or depend on the abuse of the Six Non-Naturals This nutritious Serum is not colliquated by the Fever as Authors affirm liquatur funditur for that is only the effect of a pestilential Putrefaction and the Serum by a violent Effervescence in an intermitting Fever becomes more viscid and thick which disposes it to precipitate and putrefie whereas in an Ephemera the gentle Heat can only occasion an Effervescence as to rarefie the nutritious Serum and drive it through the several Strainers of the Glands which are appointed for the several Cacochymia's with which it is saturated The Signs of these Chronical Defluxions depending on an Ephemera are pale Water like the Healthful at first a gentle Heat a general Lassitude such as is observed in wet Weather Heaviness in the Head and an Inclination to Sleep and great quantity of Water This Effervescence depends on the general Changes of the Year The Alteration of the Weather then produces irregular Fermentations in our Bloods as it does Ebullitions in Wines and all other fermented Liquors and also the Changes of the Weather at other times when Rains succeed fair Weather or the East or North Wind blows after warm Weather which causes the same Ebullition both in Wines and Blood for by these the Pressure of the Air is altered the Transpiration of our Bodies is stopt and the different degrees of Heat and Cold expand or check the Rarefaction
sewest Heads CHAP. II. Of the Preternatural State of the Humours or the Diseases of the Fluid Parts THE Fluid Part of an Animal Body is usually called the Humours with which not only the Sanguineous or Chyle or Lymphatic Vessels do abound but also all the Nervous and Membranous Tubes or Fibrillae which are filled with a Spirituous Liquor which is the Vehicle of the Animal Spirits and many other Humours secreted by their peculiar Glands from the Blood or Chyle are contained in their Vessels or rejected by Nature out of the Body Although these Humours be of different kinds in an Adult Animal yet whilst the Animalculum begins to increase in the Egg they all have their Production from the white of the Egg colliquated by the heat of the Hen and that Liquor which begins to circulate is white and serous at first not unlike the Albuminous Nutriment by which it is Increased but by the digestive heat of the Hen and the long circulation the several Parts of the Sanguineous Mass are produced The Fibrous Parts of the Blood are produced from the Viscid Particles of the Albuminous Liquor which upon boyling are made thick and white of which Colour the Fibers of the Blood appear when they are washed with Water The Red Part of the Blood is from the Oyly and Acid Parts long digested into a Purple Colour and that tinges the whole Mass of Blood The Serum or watery Vehicle in which the other Parts swim is only the Albuminous Liquor less digested The Secretitious Humours of Animals arrive not at their Perfection in an Embryo till after a long Circulation Digestion and Volatilization of their Principles for their Spirits are poor and phlegmatic their Choler but a little bitter nor their Lympha very salt nor their Blood much vitriolic for these Qualities are the Products of a stronger Heat and a longer Digestion In an Animal brought forth the Chyle is the first and original Liquor from which the Blood receives its several Parts 1. It s Fibrous Parts are from the Caseous Parts of Chyle 2. It s Oyly Red Part from the Butyrous Parts of Chyle 3. It s Vitriolic Acid from the Acid Tartar of Chyle 4. It s Serum is the Chyle it self in a middle state betwixt Chyle and Blood whose waterish Particles are the same as was in the Chyle it self These are the Principles of Animal Humours out of which all the several kinds of them according to their several degrees of Digestion or Mixture of those Principles are naturally constituted and distinguished from one another These following Humours are separated from Chyle it self by the Conglomerate Glands and therefore have the same Mixture of Principles and a like Digestion as the Chyle it self 1. The Spittle and the Pancreatic Juyce whose Chylous Lympha's agree in their Vse Colour and Glandules 2. The Lympha of the Guts and Stomach 3. The Mucus of the Wind-Pipe and Nose and many other Cavities as that of the Joynts is of a more Viscid Consistence useful for the defending the Membranes of those Parts 4. The Spirituous Lympha of the Brain Eyes and Nerves serving for a Vehicle of the Spirits 5. The Milk in the Breasts 6. The Seminal Lympha's in both Sexes 7. The Fat of Chyle is produced from the Buttery Parts From the Serum of the Blood is produced the Salt Lympha 1. The Lympha of the Lymphatics 2. The Nutritious Juyce in the Amnion which is Saltish and is designed for the Nourishment of the Embryo 3. The Salt Lympha in the Pericardium necessary for the Motion of the Muscles of the Heart 4. The Salt Lympha of the Eyes As the Milky Lympha's are designed chiefly for the producing of the Chyle which is the first Digestion in an Animal so the Salt Lympha's are designed for the turning of it into the Serum of the Blood by its Saltness which must be esteemed the second degree of Digestion in Animal Humours The third Digestion is when the Serum is fully sanguified and the Secretitious Humours prepared which require the highest Digestion as the Spirits the Semen the Choler and the Vitriolic Acid of the Blood From the Blood it self well digested are separated these two Humours 1. The Choler which is precipitated from the Blood by the Vitriolic Acid of the Spleen and was its Oyly and Red Part. 2. The Sub-acid and Slimy Humour of the Spleen which is separated by the Spleen from the Viscid and Vitriolic Particles of the Blood and this chiefly serves the Separation of the Choler from the Blood but the Choler is designed for the correcting the Crudities of the Chyle and by this means the Liver sanguifies and helps Chylification I have given this large Catalogue of the Animal Humours that the original Liquors from whence each Secretitious Humour is prepared may be observed upon whose healthful Constitution the perfect natural Temper of each Secreted Humour depends It would cause endless Repetitions to treat of the preternatural State of each Secreted Humour for they have the same as their original Liquors which are the Chyle the Serum and the Blood it self 1. The Chyle must be well prepared by Fermentation from proper Food and acquire that degree of Fermentation which is natural to each Animal 2. The Chyle ought to be well changed and digested into Serum 3. The Serum must be truly sanguified by a long Digestion 4. The Quantity of Humours ought to be proportionable to their Vessels and to be contained in them 5. Humours ought to have their natural Circulations as the Blood the Lympha and Spirits and the Secretitious Humours their full Secretion and those that be unuseful their expulsion out of the Body and those that be useful their return into the Blood as their common Ocean or to be preserved in their several Vessels These are the natural States of the Humours which are necessary for the healthful Constitution of Animals and the contrary to those many Alterations from them in an unhealthful or a diseased State of which I shall make the following Scheme First If the Animal Humours are ill prepared or digested or fermented to any degree below their natural State some of the cold Cacochymia's are produced of which I shall reckon these several degrees 1. A Mucilaginous State of the Chyle or other Humours and this is what is commonly called the Pituitous Cacochymia 2. The Tartareous or Acerb State of Chyle or other Humours and they appear in Bodies subject to Sowreness and is a higher degree of Digestion than the Pituitous State but both stand below the natural Digestion or Fermentation of the Meat 3. A Flatulent Temper or State of the Chyle or other Humours when the Spirits of the Chyle are begun to separate and have half fermented the Chylaceous Mass and then it has the State of New Drink not fully ripened by Fermentation 4. A Serosity of Blood is the natural consequent of a Mucilaginous Tartareous or Flatulent Chyle Secondly If the Chyle be
oyly acid foetid or acrid salt Temper of the Blood which is apt to ferment too much 3. A bitter acrid Choler which with the Tartar of the Meat produces a great Saltness of the Blood 4. A frequent and impetuous Circulation of the Blood which raises the Digestion of it which happens often in Summer and to Young Men by Passions or Surfeits 5. Foetid Humours retained ferment the Humours as the salt Serum the Semen the Choler and many extraneous Ferments come into the Blood from without as in the Itch Leprosie Pox the Ferment of infectious Fevers or the Poysons from Mad-Animals or venomous Bites of them All which have their Effects on the Animal by Fermenting its Humours Such as the Blood and Spirits of Animals be as to their Qualities such is the Temper of their Stomachic Ferment for that rises from the other and any Errour committed in Chylification is communicated to the Blood and Spirits The Cure of too high a Fermentation requires First That all the Evident Causes be avoided and that we use a contrary Diet of crude acerb watery mucilaginous Styptics as crude Vegetables Bistort Lettuce Spinage Cucumbers Sorrel Melons Fruits as Apples Plumbs Cherries Strawberries Sloes the Legumens as young Peas Beans boiled Wheat and all the farinaceous Meats of Oat or Barley Meal Rice or Pudding Panados The Drink ought to be small Beer or Water two Parts with a little Wine or else the Drinking Mead Elder-Wine or Wood-Drinks or Water it self or thin Milk Milk-Meats are very useful in this State for we add Milk to fermenting Wines to stop their Fretting Secondly All Choleric Humours ought to be evacuated and the Rancid Contents of the Stomach I. By Vomiting with Carduus or Sal Vitrioli or Squills II. By Cholagogues and those 1. Nauseous Dock-Bitters as Chewing of Rhubarb or its Infusion with Manna by Dock-Beer 2. By Aloetics Elixir Proprietatis cum Acido 3. By Bitterish and Nauseous Pea-Tastes as Sena III. By the Bitterish Purging Waters IV. By Diagrydiates mixt with Tartar or some Acid Rhubarb Pouder by Pil. Tartareae V. By Lenitive Sweet Purgers as Manna El. Lenitiv Thirdly The oyly bilious or salt Temper of the Ferment and Blood and its frequent Circulation are to be corrected and checked 1. By Acids as Spirit of Salt Vinegar Sulphur Niter Alum Conserve of Roses vitriolated cum Tinct Rosar which coagulate the Chyle the Bile the Salt Serum and the oyly Particles of the Blood and thereby fix them Bitters are always corrected by Acids so the Bitter of Aloes Coloquintida is abated by Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol 2. Styptics preserve the Consistence of the Blood and hinder or cure Fevers as Plantain House-Leek Tormentil Cinquefoil Purslain 3. The Mucilaginous incrassate or thicken the Consistence as Gum Tragacanth and Icthyocolla Borrage Bugloss Emulsions Lettuce 4. Watery Liquors temper and dilute hot Humours as Mineral Waters Whey with Syrup of Violets and cool bitterish slimy or acid Juyces Milk-Waters drinking Milk and Water 5. Bitterish Crude Plants deterge away the Choler as the Cichory Bitters as Decoction of Cichory-Roots or Dandelion in Whey with Cream of Tartar 6. Opiates stop the vapid Circulation of Blood 7. Mercurial Medicines depress the Fermentation and cool Humours and stop Putrefaction Fourthly Frequent Bleeding abates the Fulness of Humours and checks their Fermentations or Fervors or Ebullitions Fifthly All Evacuations suppressed ought to be renewed and all extraneous Ferments to be corrected or evacuated Sixthly Externally we may check the Ebullition of the Blood by applying Water and Vinegar to the Pulses Stones Forehead Feet and in an extraordinary Case the Patient ought to be put into cold Water or dipt according to the Method communicated to me by my Ingenious Friend Dr. Baynard a Member of the College of Physicians whose Success by it in Curing such Diseases as depend on too high a Fermentation of the Blood is very well known and the Practice seems to me very Rational if managed according to the Rules his Experience has found out The Diseases which chiefly affect the Stomach upon too high a Fermentation are an Oyliness and Rancidity of its Contents and a Nidorous Ructus The Causes of these are 1. A Salso-acid spirituous Ferment 2. Meats which are half putrid or oyly or rancid or fat or fryed with Fat and corrosive Vegetables as Garlic Onyons or the much Use of Tobacco 3. Choleric or Salt Humours mixed with the natural Ferment Since these Nidorous Ructus depend on the Acrimony of Humours and the Foetid Spirituosity of the Ferment and the Putridness of the Meat they are improperly imputed to a Crudity for a Foetor is rather a sign of a Putrefaction and in no Crudity are the oyly acid Spirits so far volatilized in the Stomach The Cure of this Nidorosity is 1. By Evacuation by Vomiting and Purging as is directed 2. By Correcting the Oleous Temper of the Bile or Ferment or Meat by the Acids mentioned as Cream of Tartar Juyce of Limon Decoction of Tamarind Spirit of Niter dulcified with Spirit of Mint or Aniseeds Or by Salso-Acids as Sal Prunellae 3. By Externals Styptics Aromatics and Acids as Quinces and Mint with Vinegar and Leaven By too great a Fermentation of the Meat the Lacteal Lympha as the Saliva becomes nauseously Sweet and Sharp and the Ferment of the Stomach of the same quality which produces a Nauseousness and by its Salso-Acid a hot Cholic The Mucus of the Larynx and Aspera Arteria becomes Sharp or Salso-Acid and produces Coughs The Milk in the Breasts becomes bitter rank oyly salt thick which gives Gripes to Children and Vomits them The Semen becomes salt and stimulating as in Furor Vterinus The Succus Nervosus salt or more lucid than ordinary as in Deliriums and more Oyly and Foetid The Salt Lympha becomes more Salt as in the Gout Stone Haemorrhagies and the Scurvy Those are most disposed to this State of Blood who are of Choleric hot Constitutions for the same kind of Diet produces much Choler which over-ferments the Blood as all acrid bitter salt aromatic and sweet things and all hot Meats and Medicines injure them but cool ones and those that are Serous refresh them The Choleric have their Senses and Actions of the Mind and Motions of the Body very quick and ready their Passions of Anger and Revenge violent and their Dreams cruel and little Sleep and their Pulse full and hard and all these Symptoms depend on Fiery or Choleric Hot Spirits The Abundance of Choler abates the Appetite creates Thirst and requires a cool-Diet and disposes to Fevers and Phrensies The Erysipelas and Choleric Vomitings and Loosenesses and a bitterness in the Mouth the Vrin is thin yellowish or flame Coloured or red The Habit of the Body is generally lean and the Colour of the Face yellowish and the Hair yellow or black By these Signs mentioned we may know when Humours are too high fermented and Choler produced but that the Nature of
and Vinous to avoid Passions Studies too much Solicitude and Labour and to help all Evacuations stopt especially that of the Haemorrhoids II. The Saburra pituitous tartareous or bilious must be evacuated often by Vomits and the Body kept open by Aloetics and Sennate Medicines or Wines and Clysters or Purging Waters and a Pill of Ammoniacum once a Week III. Frequent Bleeding small quantities checks the preternatural Fermentation and keeps the Humours from Stagnation and Obstructions especially the opening the Haemorrhoids procuring the Menses and giving way to the varicous Swellings in the Legs without binding them Bleeding at the Nose does good IV. In the cold Melancholy we use hot Digestives as 1. Acrids 2. Causticks 3. Bitters Elixir Antiscorbuticum Tinct Sacra 4. The Salts volatile as Sal volatile oleosum Sal Absynthii Cochleariae and testaceous Medicines 5. The Aromatics all which are mentioned in the cold Scurvy 6. The Chalybeates which are most Sulphureous as Chalybs cum Sulph praep and the Filings V. In the hotter Constitutions all strong Drinks and hot Medicines are offensive and these require 1. Watery Liquors and Medicines according to the Observation Melancholici non diutius curantur quam humectantur and for this end they use Whey and Syrup of Violets in all black Humours and cool Clysters to evacuate it We use distilled Milks Mineral Waters c. Wine and Water to cool and moisten 2. Cichoraceous Bitters as Decoct of Dandelion Conserve of Cichory Flowers and Roots Decoct of Scorzonera 3. The mucilaginous Bugloss Borrage Leaves and Flowers Syr. Borraginis de Pomis citri 4. Sub-acid as Juyce of Limons Citrons Syr. de Pomis which Syrups are good in Whey and Spirit of Alum to fix furious Spirits but Vinegar is injurious to the Melancholic 5. The Fern Styptics as Polypody Spleenwort Ceterach these stop the Fermentation of Humours Boil them in Whey or small Ale with Antiscorbutics VI. The vitious Acidity of the Spirits must be corrected by 1. Aromatic Cephalics as Penny-Royal Thyme Sage Bettony Lavender the Spirit of Lavender 2. By Cardiac Odoriferous Medicines of Ambergrease Lozenges made of Species of Diamber or Laetificans Galeni with Oyl of Cinnamon Cubebs candied with Sugar are good for the Vertiginous Some Tincture of Aromatics with Ambergrease 3. Testaceous Medicines and Powders of Antimony Steel Cinnabar Mercury Lapis Lazuli with Purgers 4. Narcotics Diascordium and Confect Alchermes with Laudanum Fomentations to the Hypochondria with proper Oyntments for Schirrus of the Viscera Baths of warm Water are much commended an Issue betwixt the first and second Vertebra of the Neck or Shoulders The best Diet for Hypochondriac Affection is fresh Flesh-Meats and small Ale with Pine-tops Dock-Roots and other Antiscorbutics VII Anti-splenetics which open the Obstructions of the Spleen for the Secretion of the vitriolic and viscid Humours from the Blood are absolutely necessary for the Hypochondriac Winds are to be cured by vomiting up the corrupt sowre Ferments by diverting the splenetic Humour from the Stomach and keeping the Body open by Aloetics Tinct Sacra Pil. Ammoniacum We use hot Medicines in Hypochondriac Cases because of the Obstructions by viscid Humours and the evaporated Spirits must be supplyed by spirituous Medicines and in all long chronical Diseases a decay happens in our Digestions for want of Spirits and a crude Saburra of Humours is produced though the original Distemper proceeded from a hot Cause that is an over-Fermentation of Blood Thirdly Of the Concretion of Stones or Sand in the Humours of an Animal The Vrin contains three parts 1. The viscid Particles of the Succus Nutritius which make its Contents 2. The salso-acid and oyly Particles which give the salso-acid or bitterish Taste to the Sweat and Vrin 3. The thin serous watery Part which carries all the other Parts and dilutes them When the oyly Part of the Vrin which I suppose to be the Choler is too high digested it looks red and flame coloured or deep yellow The red Part of the Blood seems in some hot Bloods to colour the Sediment red When the vitriolic Acid abounds it joyns its self with such Earthy Particles as are observed in all Liquors for Lime-Stone Particles may be observed in all Waters but most plentifully in the Purging ones and that with these stoney Particles coagulates into Sand or Stones The same vitriolic Acid coagulates the Lympha's into tophaceous or cretaceous Stones in the Joynts and Limbs and Lungs Not only the milky Lympha's but the serous are subject to this Coagulation as appears by the Stones in their several Glands If the Salts of the Blood were only coagulated by this vitriolic Acidity they would not appear in any firm tenaceous Consistence in the Stone but all Stones would be friable like Tartar therefore this Acid coagulates some viscid Parts with the saline If there were no Earthy Parts then the Stones would appear gummy or tenaceous only and not solid Stones are generally bred like Tartar which consists of the Acid Part of the Wine joyned to the Earthy and mixed with the slimy Foeces into a hard Stony Substance so from the Tartar of Vegetables coagulate with stony Particles the Stones and hard Cases of their Fruits and Seeds are produced The evident Causes of the Stone are 1. A hot acrid and aromatic Diet and a muriatic Diet which over-ferment the Blood and supply a salso-acid Matter for the Stone or a viscid as all Diet of that kind 2. Strong Diuretics force the salso-Acid to the Kidnies too much if used too oft or mixed with our Diet. 3. Too much Venery Baths Passion Flannel or hot Cloaths on the Back or soft Beds lying on the Back Exercise after Meat much Riding all these weaken the Kidnies by Heating them or forceing the calculous salso-Acid thither The inward Causes are 1. A rancid viscous Chyle from hard Drinking strong Liquors 2. A Saltness of Blood and a bilious Temper 3. A vitriolic Acidity of the Spleen 4. Narrow Pores or Canals in the Kidnies 5. Such a Conformation of Pores or Temper of Humours may be derived from the Parents and Children have Stones bred in them before they are Born for the same reason and because they retain their Vrin so long in their Vrinary Vessels whilst Embryo's The Stone is often bred from the Nurses Milk The Cure of the Stone consists I. In evacuating and correcting the rancid Chyle the Saltness and Viscidity of Blood and the vitriolic Acidity as is above-directed and evacuating the calculous Serum by Diuretics II. In making the Passages slippery 1. By Vomiting with Posset-Drink in which Althea Roots are boiled in the beginning of Fits 2. By a mucilaginous Glyster and Bolus of Cassia 3. By Emollients Baths or Fomentations as Crocus Mallows and Pellitory fryed with Butter and applyed By Emollient Plasters and Oyntments Empl. Melilot 4. Oyly Medicines as Oyl of Sweet Almonds and Sperma Ceti an Oyly Glyster Oyly Emulsions Butter and Sugar or Milk half churned 5. Watery
Expulsion become an extraneous Ferment to the Blood or else the Succus Nutritius as soon as it arrives at the Blood is perverted by some Dyscrasie of it into an extraneous morbific Nature and becomes a Ferment or else the Nutritious Juyces are precipitated from the Blood by external Cold and become the ferment of all intermitting Fevers The particular Ferment which produces each kind of Fever differs by some Cacochymia which was in the Blood or Succus Nutritius before it was precipitated by some abuse of the Non-Naturals or Surfeits or Colds though the Succus Nutritius altered by external Causes is the general ferment of all Fevers yet that differing according to the several Cacochymia's that may happen to it the ferment of each Fever being the immediate Cause of its Ebullition and the first thing to be removed or changed ought most particularly to be described because the Cacochymia with which the Succus Nutritius abounds produces the most eminent Symptoms of each intermitting Fever and that Cacochymia does very much alter the general Cure of an intermitting Fever As for instance If Rheumatic Pains accompany an intermitting Fever the Cacochymia preceeding the Fever is a viscid State of the Succus Nutritius and the Blood is sizie as in Rheumatisms In the Curing of this the common Method for Curing the intermitting Fever is not sufficient of giving the Cortex without due Preparation viz. for the Cacochymia infecting the Succus Nutritius there must preceed the Evacuations indicated by a viscid State of Blood viz. Bleeding and Purging or Vomiting but not so much as in a Rheumatism without an evident intermitting Fever The Symptoms preceeding the Fit generally denominate the particular kind of Fever and if great the whole depraved Succus Nutritius being evacuated upon a particular Part the Cure is chiefly to be managed by removing that particular Inflammation as Pleurisie or Peripneumonia without any or very little regard to the intermitting Fever The Notion of a Fever being produced by the Irritation of the Spirits in the Blood and Nerves very well explains the Action of the Air and infectious or Animal Humours for those are first infected and that the febrile Effervescence Commotion Ebullition Expansion call it as you please for the same thing is understood by all these Terms is managed by the Animal Spirits which circulate from the Nerves into the Blood and from thence to the Nerves again is very probable and this Galen seems long since to have described when he defines a Fever to be the turning of the innate heat which is the Spirits into a fiery Nature but it is as evident that every Person has some antecedent Cacochymia by which the particular Symptoms of the Fever are produced and this by exceeding the Strength or Expansion of Spirits makes the Fever malignant or by being in no great quantity or more loosely mixed with the Succus Nutritius the Fever is mild and easily cured The several stages of the Disease are very naturally described by the separation of the greater quantity of the Succus Nutritius from the Blood in the increase of the Fever and the Crisis is a full or perfect Separation of all the depraved Succus Nutritius from the Mass of Blood when the Fever is curable and then the febrile Effervescence ceases but if the Succus Nutritius be but in part separated the Mass of Humours remain turbid and undepurated and the Fever becomes fatal The Spirits being the chief Instruments of all Fermentations the several Stages of this Disease must be managed by them but we must look farther and describe the Humours which irritate them first into Motion and the depraved Humours which the irritate Spirits endeavour to exterminate from the Mass of Blood the Motion of the Spirits would soon be stopt as we find in Ephemera's if some depraved Humour in the Blood did not support the Irritation of them who cannot naturally depurate the Blood under 14 or 21 Days or longer Hence it appears how reasonable the Opinion of our Moderns is who describe a Fever as an Effervescence of the Blood by which it clears it self of some heterogenious Particles which as they produce the Effervescence are called a Ferment and as they irritate the Spirits a Venenum and as they are the depraved Matter of the Succus Nutritius the putrid Particles of it or febrile Sediment appearing in the Vrin It is not my Design to oppose any Author's Judgment but to reconcile these several Opinions and put them all into the Definition of a Fever thus A Fever is a preternatural Fermentation or Effervescence of the Blood occasioned by some Ferment irritating the Spirits of the Blood and Nerves so the Dissolving or Putrefying and Separating some part of the Cacochymical Succus Nutritius from its Mixture with the Mass of Humours The tumultuous Agitation of the Spirits in the Ephemera happens by the ill Use of the Six Non-Naturals 1. As Surfeits which are Cured by a Vomit Purge Clyster by which the putrefying Diet which is the Ferment here is carried off 2. The Heat of the Sun being excessive inflames the Spirits and Opiates and cool things readily compose them and Oxyrrhodines 3. Too much Labour spends and agitates the Spirits in which case Spirituous Cordials Wine and Rest are necessary 4. Anger disorders the Spirits whose surious Motions are best repressed by Opiates and cool Emulsions 5. Long Watchings require Opiates and Anodynes 6. Grief agitates the Spirits and spends them for which Wine Spirits and Opiates are necessary The Cure of an Ephemera which is a tumultuous Motion or Inflammation of the Spirits requires these Tastes 1. Acids in cool Liquors Sp. Nitri dulcis Sal Prunell Tamarinds Gas Sulphuris or the Juyces of Acid Fruits 2. Mucilaginous and watery Liquors Aq. Hordei cum Syr. Limonum Milk Waters Emulsions 3. Opiates 4. Diaphoretics of a mild Nature bitterish 5. Styptics watery to stop the Fever Plantane Bleeding Purging Clysters Vomiting Quiet and Abstinence or a thin Diet often stop the Effervescence by carrying off the fermenting Humours The Ancient Writers distinguished putrid Fevers by the Putrefaction of Blood Choler Melancholy and Phlegm and this is to be explained by an Effervescence happening in such a particular Cacochymical Blood The common Fever in England is an intermitting Fever and that is the putrid Fever the Old Physicians have described and this is produced by the Changes of our Air the viscid Nature of our Diet or the infectious Vapours of the Earth and Seas encompassing us which precipitate or putrefie the Nutritious Juyces of our Bodies and that is evident in our Vrins and is the Matter of all critical Evacuations by which the Fever is cured and this supplies all the Humours for colliquative Evacuations in Fevers as Diarrhaea's Salivations Sweats c. This being evacuated upon particular Parts produces the several Inflammations as Quinsie Apoplexies Lethargies Palsies Pleurisies Rheumatisms Cholics which are the Symptoms of the ordinary intermitting Fever and
by Sweats Vrin Spitting and Looseness and then the Hectic Fit is over when the Succus Nutritius which is the ferment is wholly spent The Matter of an Apostemum is the ferment of a Hectic as in those of the Liver Lungs Kidnies and this Hectic cannot be cured without curing the Imposthume but the former scorbutic Hectic must be cured by altering the Viscidity and Saltness of the Blood by frequent Bleeding and diluting of it by Milk Diet or the Chalybeate Waters Decoction of the Woods Emulsions distilled Waters and leaving off fermented Liquors Pectoral Decoctions and using a thin Diet most apt to mix with viscid Blood When I had observed that all sorts of Cacochymia's were joyned with Fevers I could not omit this Discourse about Fevers as not impertinent to my Design of describing the preternatural State of Humours I will farther observe that the several Cacochymia's depend not on the Fever as an effect of it though that after some time may produce some of them as a viscid salt vitriolic or putrid State of Humours but the Fever finds the Cacochymia in the Blood which produces the Symptoms preceeding the Paroxysm as Pains Coughs Vomitings Gripes Diarrhaea's c. Hence it appears that the antecedent Cacochymia depends on the same Causes as at other times when there is no Fever but the febrile Effervescence agitates the Cacochymia and thereby produces the Evacuations or Inflammations to which it pre-disposed the Patient And these Symptoms require the same Method of Cure as at other times but Care must be taken because of the Complication with the Fever that nothing may be done in Cure of the Cacochymia which may prejudice the general Cure of the Fever The Cacochymia alters the Nature of the Fever for a pituitous tartareous serous or flatulent Cacochymia depresses the feverish Ebullition too much and for these the Old Authors rationally used Digestives in Fevers to correct the Cacochymia and to raise the Fermentation which is depressed by them that the Succus Nutritius may be more easily digested or putrefied and at last by a Crisis separated from the Blood In a bilious rancid salt or putrid State of Blood the Fever is generally too acute and unless in the malignant Fever or Plague must be depressed by cool Alteratives which are the Digestives or Precipitators in such Fevers and this seems to be a general Rule in Fevers that as the general Cure of the Fever must not increase the Cacochymia so neither must the Cure of the Cacochymia either too much irritate or depress the Fever but by Bleeding Vomiting or Purging in the beginning we abate the quantity of the Cacochymia and by Digestives dispose it for a Separation from the Blood which at length the Fever expells with the depraved Succus Nutritius or at least prepares it for a Purgation afterwards which ought to respect the particular Cacochymia's after the Fever as well as before If we consider the various Causes of a Cacochymia above-mentioned we cannot believe but every body is inclined to some one or other of them We have some particular degrees of Fermentation by which our Humours are prepared that arise to a particular quality by which the Constitution is called either pituitous tartareous flatulent or serous if they be too cool or else they are too hot as the choleric or scorbutic salt viscid vitriolic or putrid Constitutions of our Humours We have some of these from our Parents and the Age as it runs on produces a various Temper of our Humours In Children the Blood is like the Milk they feed on apt to turn sowre and for that reason Vomitings Gripes and Loosenesses attend their Fevers as well as Coughs and sore Mouths and comatous effects from the Serosity of their Bloods In the Middle Age the Blood is florid and salt by which they of that Age are disposed to Haemorrhagies and all sorts of Inflammations Consumptions and the hot Scurvy which are frequently complicated with Fevers in the Middle of our Ages as Pleurisies Quinsies Phrensies Rheumatisms In the Consistent Age the Blood grows vitriolic and produces Dysenteries Cancers Cholera's Melancholic Winds which with Lethargies Apoplexies Peripneumonia's are frequently at that Age complicated with Fevers In Old Age the feverish Ebullition runs low and it is most easily stopt with a smaller Dose of the Cortex and since the Saltness Viscidity and vitriolic Acidity abounds in Old Men as well as the pituitous and serous Cacochymia they have some of the Diseases depending on them but especially Catarrhs and Atrophy and Pains of the Limbs are complicated with the Fevers of Old Men. Particular Cacochymia's are not only produced by our several Ages but also the different Seasons of the Year incline us to different Cacochymia's The Winter disposes us to Rheums Pains and Coughs which depend on too much Serosity retained or stopt in the Blood and the Cold checks the Fermentation of Blood as well as other fermented Liquors which hinders the thorough Digestion or Fermentation of Humours from hence it appears that Winter Fevers have Coughs Rheums Pains and greater Coldness attending them and are longer The sudden Alterations of Hot and Cold produces a Siziness of Blood and makes the Spring attended with Pleurisies Rheumatisms Apoplexies Lethargies and intermitting Fevers have then such Symptoms Cold is not so Injurious as the Moisture of the Air which makes the Transpiration less and the pressure of the Air also less and for this reason Fevers frequently happen in wet Weather with Looseness Heaviness of the Senses and many inward Inflammations as Apoplexies Quinsies Epilepsies In the Spring far advanced the Blood becomes more heated and choleric and then Tertians and Erisipela's are complicated with the Fever and Haemorrhagies In the Summer the Blood is more rancid salt viscid and hot and produces the highest burning Fevers with Vomiting Diarrhaea's and Inflammations and sore Eyes In Autumn the Blood is most vitriolic on which Quartans Melancholies Dysenteries and Epilepsies much depend on This is the chief Season for the intermitting Fever with which the preceeding Diseases are frequently complicated Since the late severe cold Winter it has been observed that the Blood has been more sizie than usual and it is not improbable that such a Cacochymia may last some Years in the Blood of all Persons which may upon the Fit of a Fever produce the Rheumatic Pains and Inflammations lately observed in Fevers It seems probable that after some time this State of Blood may be altered to another of a different kind as a putrid and then we must expect a pestilential Fever If there be a common Epidemical State or Cacochymia of Humours which the common Changes of the Air or the Seasons of the Year or the particular Digestion of our Diet or some secret Effluviums of the Earth or Mineral Tinctures in our Water may produce as we must observe by some common Distemper which seizes many every Year we may very well allow that the same Cacochymia which produces the
moved This fermentation by which the Chyle and Blood are prepared may be depraved both ways for it may be depressed under its natural State or exalted above that degree which is suitable to the natural temper of any Animal of both which Errors and the Cachochymia's depending on them I shall next discourse But I shall first farther observe that though the Chyle is prepared by fermentation yet all other humours arising from it as the Serum and Blood and all the secretitious humours from each of them are prepared only by circulation and a longer digestion by mixture and secretion for by these they may acquire their peculiar Crases and Tastes by the ferment of the Stomach the various kinds of Meats are changed into the natural temper of each Animal and the lympha of the Stomach has most eminently the Specisic Taste of each Animal as will appear to any person who will taste it If the Chyle be rightly fermented all the humours arising from it are duly prepared but if the fermentation of that is vitiated all the other humours produced from vitiated Chyle retain a Tincture of its defect in their preparation Whatsoever ferments the Meat helps and raises the digestion of all other humours and therefore we need not enquire for any ferment or other digestives for the particular humours of Animals besides those which ferment the Chylaceous Mass All the conditions requisite to a fermentation are to be found only in the Stomach and its fermentation very clearly explained by comparing the digestion of the Stomach with Artificial fermentations of Vegetables for we first pound the Plant which is to be fermented and dilute it with Water in which some ferment is dissolved and afterwards it is to be placed in some warm place till it acquires a Vinous acid smell and then it is fit for the yielding a brisk inflammable Spirit After the same manner our Meat is chewed and swallowed into the Stomach and there mixed with the Saliva and the viscid slime of the Stomach which are its ferments The Stomach has a gentle digesting heat from the neighbouring viscera which are Sanguineous whose warmth digests the Meat into a pulp which smells sub-acid and foetid and that stimulating the Stomach excites its expulsion for if it should stay longer there it would become putrid but no more is requisite but the loosening the natural Texture of our Aliments and making the oyly acid parts and the viscid free to dissolve into an Alimentary Tincture which is only the juyces of Vegetables and Animals dissolved out of their fibrous Vessels and then they will as easily ferment as they did in the Plant or Animal in which they were first produced The capacity of the Stomach makes it fit for a fermenting Vessel and its Membranous substance makes it fit for the distention necessary upon a fermentation and its two Orifices are prepared for the letting forth of the rarefied Spirits in ructus or windiness the common effects of all fermented liquors CHAP. IV. Of the Depressed Fermentation of Humours in General WHen a slimy acerb or flatulent Chyle is produced and when from thence a watery serous Blood is digested we must acknowledge that both the Chyle and Blood have had too weak a fermentation and by that are ill prepared of which defect we usually observe these Causes First When the Meats we use have some vitious Quality which gives the same Tincture to the Chyle and that is not corrected by the Digestion as in Meats hardly fermented as those which have a tough consistence All Meats of a Watry Mucilaginous Acerb Viscous Oleous Acid Austere and Fat Taste and such as the Meat is in any eminent quality such is the Chyle and the state of Humours thence arising for we observe a Mucilage in crude Corn and those Green-sickness Girls who eat great quantities of Oat-Meal abound with an extraordinary quantity of crude Mucilaginous Chyle which oppresses their Stomachs and stusss their Lungs and gives a great Paleness to the whole habit of the body Not only the quality of our Diet depresses the fermentation in the Stomach but the quantity may be more than the ferment can concoct or suffice to dissolve and agitate so by frequent Debauches the Digestion is weakned and after too great a fulness the Stomach is oppressed and flatuosities produced in it Secondly The Preternatural state of the ferment which ought to be separated from the Chyle well circulated and exalted in the Blood by the Glands of the primae viae and to have the faetid Animal Spirits mixed with a Chylous Mucilage and Tartareous acid whilst it retains its healthful Constitution but it is altered from this state in a depressed fermentation 1. When the ferment of the Stomach is vapid or less impregnate with the faetid Animal Spirits when its consistence is too viscid or phlegmatick or its acidity too acerb or crude and less volatile 2. The Bile if it be insipid watery viscous depresses the fermentation of the Chylaceous Mass for by its bitterness and acrimony it ought to correct the acidities of it which are produced by the fermentation in the Stomach and by the same Tastes like bitter Plants in other Liquors help their depuration and fermentation and with the Acid unite into an Animal volatile Salt 3. These ill qualities of the Ferment and the Bile depend on a crude watery austere mucilaginous Blood derived from Parents or otherways produced for the ferment will retain the crude state and temper of the Humours from which it is derived 4. A remiss Circulation of the Blood ill digests and worse separates the ferment from it 5. Waterish Humours which ought to have been separated by other Glands being detained in the Blood they deprave and enervate the ferment which are also transmitted to the Stomach with it so by the suppression of the Menses or other Evacuations and especially by Fevers and a Catarrh the Stomachical ferment is vitiated 6. Great Evacuations which carry off the nutritious Humours weaken the ferment as Haemorrhagies which depauperate the Blood by Vomitings and Loosness which carry off the fermenting Mass Convulsive distempers and all Nervous effects which spend the Animal Spirits or divert them from the Stomach 7. Some of the six Non-Naturals alter the ferment as our Diet which is mentioned above and Idleness or want of Motion hinders the secretion of the ferment and distribution of the Chyle from which it is prepared Sleep causes the same Stagnation of Humours if immoderate Fear stops the Circulation of Blood and Secretion of the Humours Too much heat in the Summer time causes the Blood and Humours to evaporate their volatile parts which promote the Fermentation In a cold and moist Region the Ferment is too slimy and waterish Thirdly Digestion is vitiated by the Diseases of the Stomach when it wants its Rugosity the Meat descends undigested too soon or is vomited up when it is stopt by any Tumour Contraction or Compression about the
Pylorus the Meat turns sowre and flatulent The Cure of a weak Digestion consists I. In avoiding all these evident Causes which produce it and by using the contrary as 1. Avoiding Waters fat acerb acid austere or viscous Vegetables and all Drinks half boiled and half fermented turbid or acid 2. The most convenient Diet is that of Flesh-Meats in which there is a foetid Oyliness and a natural Saltness and no Crudities The most convenient Liquor is small Ale for constant Drink or else small Wines The Physical Tastes in our Diet which help a weak Digestion are the aromatic the salt the bitter the acrid or vinous Taste these help the Fermentation in the Stomach and are to be commonly mixed with our Meats The Flesh-Meats of an easie Digestion are the Flesh of all young Animals as Pig Lamb Rabbit Chicken Potched Eggs and fresh Fish but the Diet which has the Physical Tastes above-mentioned is more easily digested by weak Stomachs Bread well fermented and small Ale are the most easily digested by a weak English Stomach Salt Meats excite the Appetite keep the Body open cut the Phlegm strengthen the Stomach and help Digestion 3. Motion helps the Depuration of Wines if carryed in a Ship or shaked so exercise helps the distribution of the Chyle the circulation of the Blood and secretion of Humours and the digestion in the Stomach as well as sanguification of the Chyle for an external Motion of fermenting Liquors promotes the internal Agitation of Parts in which the nature of Fermentation consists 4. Instead of Fear and Sadness Joy and Anger are to be indulged for these make a brisker Motion of Humours but the former check the Expansion of our Spirits and cool the Body 5. All natural Evacuations of Humours must be restored but too much Venery cools the Humours 6. A serene and clear thin Air helps Digestion by giving a greater expansion to the Spirits 7. Cares and Watching excite the Animal Spirits to a brisker Agitation but long Sleep dulls them Sleep of 7 or 8 hours is sufficient II. The Second Intention respects the correcting the Ferment and the Faults of the Humours from whence it arises and the Evacuating of the quantity of any preternatural Humours by Vomiting and Purging which is described in the Cure of the following Cacochymia's III. The Third Intention is the Suppressing of all preternatural Evacuations which will be described in the Cure of them IV. The supply of the Defect of the Ferment by Medicines like it in Taste and Vertue V. The Diseases of the Stomach are to be cured by the prescribed Method for those particular Distempers so they are of want of Appetite Inflammations or Pains of the Stomach the stopping Evacuations by Vomit or Stool c. The following Tastes are the general Digestives in all the old Cacochymia's which depend on a low Fermentation These promote the Fermentation of the chylaceous Mass the Circulation of Blood and Secretion of Humours These deterge the viscous Phlegm from the Membranes of the Stomach and corroborate its Fibers and upon these accounts these Tastes are the general Stomachics I. The Cresse Acrids as Horse-Radish Scurvy-Grass insused in Wine and Mustard-Seed II. The Corrosive Acrids as Aaron-Roots in Powder or Wine and Pulvis ari Compositus these Two Tastes quicken the Appetite and Garlic preserved does the same III. The Bitter Acrids of a Wormwood Taste as Conserve of Wormwood and Wormwood in Rhenish or Sack or Wormwood-Cakes made with the Oyl and Sugar IV. The bitter nauseous Plants as Centaury Buck-Bean Gentian of which Thea may be made or Wines by Infusion and Aromatics added or Sal volatile taken with them V. The Aromatic Acrids 1. Of the sweet Class very burning or biting as Ginger Galanga Calamus Aromaticus Orris Zedoary Cardamum 2. Of the sweet Fenil Class as Seeds of Fenil Anise Caroway Cummin Dill Angelica and Imperatoria Roots 3. Of the Laurel Class as Orange and Limon Peals Winter-Bark Bay-Berries Cloves Cinnamon Lign'aloes Nutmegs Jamaica Pepper Myrtil-leaves and these are properly infused in Wine or made into Powders or Lozenges as of the distilled Oyls of Oyl of Cinnamon and Cloves 4. Of the Corrosive Class as Pepper Cubebs Species Diatrion Pipereon in rotulis 5. Of the Terebinthinate Class as Juniper-Berries Candied as in Rheu Balsamum Peru Mechae Mastich 6. Of the Bitterish Styptics as Rosemary Mint Marjoram VI. The Mineral Sulphurs which exagitate the Animal Oyls and so promote Fermentation as Chalybeates Antimonial and common Sulphur VII The testaceous stony Medicines and all Salts volatile and fixed the Ashes of Vegetables and Calces of Minerals are Acidities VIII All these Tastes prescribed in the Cure of the Defect of a Ferment supply its Office and contain an Animal Ferment in them As 1. The Mucous sub-Acid Faetid Diet made of Animal Humours as Cheese the inward Skins of Gizards which have the Tincture of the Gall or â„¥ i of Rennet of a Hare or Calf all Meat or Fish somewhat putrefied as Anchoves pickled Oysters and outwardly we apply Leaven with the Juyce of Mint 2. By Artificial Sauces we imitate the natural foetid and sub-acid Slime of the Stomach as in Catchupmango Plumbs Mushrooms and some Indian Liquors or Sauces of Garlic assa foetida Salt and Aromatics Mustard-Seed with Vinegar in common Mustard 3. By the salso-Acid Medicines as Tartar Vitriolat Sal Armoniac Arcan Duplicatum Terra Ful. Tartari Lixivium of Lime and Oyster-Shells we help Fermentation 4. By the vinous sweet and sub-acid Spirits or Juyces Spiritus nitri dulcis sweet rit of Salt Spirit of Bread Elixir Vitrioli Spirit of Mastich which is Acid Spirit of Verdegrease Juyces of Citrons Limons Oranges Berberries Currans Spirit of Vinegar all sharp Rhenish Wines old Hock conserve of Hips Water of Vine Leaves or other acid Juyces and all physical aromatic Vinegars Acids before Meat excite an Appetite Salso-Acids with Meats and Aromatics are good after Meat to help Digestion Fourthly External Applications are described below which encrease the heat of the Stomach and strengthen the Fibers CHAP. V. Of the Mucilaginous State of Animal Humours and especially the Chyle and Chylous Lympha's which is usually called the Pituitous Cacochymia THE Food of Animals contains in it much of a sweetish Mucilage as is in all Corn Grass Milk and the Legumens neither does Flesh-Meat want their Sliminess The White of an Egg is ropy slippy and is a nutritious Lympha separated from the Chyle by the Glands of the Ovarium The Decoctions of Fish have a great Mucilage and the Gellies of Broih sufficiently prove the viscid Sliminess in the Flesh-Meats we eat From our Food Animals necessarily take the matter of their Mucilaginous Humours as will appear by these Causes of Phlegm 1. All Drinks occasion a great quantity of slimy Phlegm which is only the Mucilage of Barley extracted from the solid Parts of the Grains All Mauli-Drinks may be boiled into the Consistence of a slimy Syrup or that of a Plaster