CHIRURGERY According to the Moderne Practice Written by PAULE BARBETTE DOCTOR of Physick Practitioner at AMSTERDAM Printed for Henry Rhodes THESAVRVS CHIRVRGIAE THE CHIRURGICAL and ANATOMICAL WORKS OF PAVL BARBETTE M. D. Practitioner at Amsterdam Composed according to the Doctrine of the Circulation of the Blood and other new Inventions of the Moderns Together with a Treatise of the PLAGUE Illustrated with Observations Translated out of Low-Dutch into English THE FOURTH EDITION To which is added the Surgeon's Chest Furnished both with Instruments and Medicines all useful Illustrated with several Copper-Plates And to make it more compleat is adioyned a Treatise of Diseases that for the most part attend Camps and Fleets Written in High-Dutch by Raymundus Minderius LONDON Printed for Henry Rhodes next door to the Swan-Tavern near Bride-Lane in Fleet-Street 1687. THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE JUDICIOUS READER WHat should be the scope of putting forth this my not sufficient Polished Treatise after so many Excellent and Learned Writings of Physicians the Title before will declare unto thee viz. That my Design was both out of the Ancient and Modern to extract the very Marrow and plainly to shew the best way of Curing Diseases belonging to Chirurgery Therefore I have purposed not to obtrude upon thee this or that Man's Fancy or Conceit for Modern Practice For who ever was so mad as to Embrace the Opinion of any one Region City or Man Who ever though most ingenious and judicious equally excelled in all the Parts of his Profession Seeing it hath not pleased the Giver of all Arts to grant this perfectness to Men But I resolve to set down that Practice which Reason and Experience after a diligent Reading of the best Authors and an exact observation of several Operations have Taught me to be the safest convenientest and easiest for prolixity I have purposely avoided and used not more words than only to express the thing it self Nevertheless I have studied to conprehend the Foundation of the Art in few Chapters Read over all diligently and let not what I purposely omitted trouble thee Great Volumns easily affright the Reader as those that are too little betrays him I have carefully endeavoured what is hardly found a mean and therefore I have rather in few words inserted my Observations in the very descriptions of the Diseases then to waste thy time with a prolix discourse To this end that I might not repeat in particular Diseases what I had once set down in generals Tumors Wounds and Vlcers which neither in Cause nor Cure differ I have reduced under one Head contrary to what most Writers use to do who only from the difference of the Part and Member affected difference the Diseases which aftewards giving them new names they without any benefit multiply and so they render that Art which is difficult enough of it self much more difficult The most diligent of Students can scarce distinguish them who unprofitably spend much labour and time in the Controversies of the Ancients concerning the Name whose Opinions they suppose they ought to follow to a Tittle if they will arrive at the degree of Doctor We are the Ministers of Nature not the Slaves of those Men that describe it We account neither them Prophets nor their Writings sacred neither unlawful to add or diminish to them without the name Heretick I have set down both few and many Medicaments for those that I have produced although few in number yet of great vertue which by vast pains and no less charges I have found out and which dayly Practice hath confirmed to me as the safest of all Other Medicines seek for amongst others Farewel kind Reader and whil'st I am imployed about other and better if I can possible Writings receive these with a grateful mind and as I study to be profitable to thee so also do thou endeavour always by these to help others The Index of Chapters to Barbetty's Chirurgery The First Part. Chap. 1. OF Manual Operations in general Pag. 1. 2. Of Unition or Conjunction 2 3. Of the Nature Difference Signs Prognosticks and Cure of Fractures in general Ibid. 4. Of particular Fractures of Bones 10 5. Of the Nature Differences Signs Causes Prognosticks and Cure of Dislocations in general 17 6. Of particular Dislocations 20 7. Of Ruptures 26 8. Of the Falling down of the Matrix 34 9. Of the Falling down of the Anus 35 10. Of the second Operation called Diaeresis or the seperation of what was united together 36 11. Of opening a Vein 37 12. Of the opening of Abscesses or Imposthumes 42 13. Of the separation of parts unnaturally joyned 46 14. Of the Paracentesis 48 15. Of the opening of the Breast 54 16. Of removing a Cataract of the Eye 60 17. Of Leeches 63 18. Of cuting in the hard parts 65 19. Of Ustion or Burning 69 20. Of Issues 70 21. Of the Seton 71 22. Of the drawing forth of Bullets 73 23. Of the Extraction of a dead Child and the Secundine 74 24. Of the extirpating of a mortified part 78 25. Of the fleshy Rupture 80 26. Of the Extraction of the Stone out of the Bladder 82 27. Of a Hare Lip 87 An Index to the Second Part. Chap. 1. OF Tumors in general 88 2. Of Inflammation 90 3. Erysipelas 95 4. Of Oedema 98 5. Of Scirrhus 101 6. De Tumore Aquoso or Watry Tumor 103 7. Of the Flatuous or Windy Tumor 107 8. De Herpete 109 9. De Atheroma Steatoma and Meliceris 111 10. Of Scrophula Struma or Kings-Evil 113 11. Of a Bubo 116 12. Of the Carbuncle 121 13. Of a Cancer 122 14. Of a Gangrene and Sphacelus 126 15. Of Paronychia 133 16. Of an Aneurism 135 17. Of Opthalmia 136 18. Of a Quinsie 141 The Index of Chapters to the the second Book Of the second Part. Chap. 1. OF the Nature Difference Causes and Signs of Wounds pag. 147 2. Of the Cure of Wounds in general 152 3. Of the preservation of the strength and native heat in the wounded parts Ibid 4. Of the Symptoms of Wounds 153 5. Of the drawing forth of extraneous Bodies out of Wounds 157 6. Of the manner of joining the Lips of Wounds together 159 7. Of Medicines necessary for the curing of Wounds 161 8. Of Wounds of the Nerves 166 9. Of Wounds by Gun-shot 168 10. Of poisoned Wounds 170 11. Of particular Wounds 172 The Index of Chapters to the third Book of the second Part. Chap. 1. OF the Nature Differences Causes and Signs of Ulcers 177 2. Of the Cure of Ulcers 178 3. Of an Ulcer with foul Bones 182 4. De Ulcere depascente 184 5. Of Fistula's 186 6. Of Burns 190 7. Of particular Ulcers 193 The Index of the third Part of Chirurgery Chap. 1. OF the Practical Anatomy 201 2. Of the parts in general 205 3. Of Bones 207 4. Of Cartilages 215 5. Of Ligaments 217 6. Of Membranes 219 7. Of Fibres 220 8. Of Veins 221 9. Of Arteries 228
quiet of their Mind and the good of their Patients they would beware of bleeding in Pestilential and other Malignant Fevers as also in all cases that may befal People by Poyson either inward or outward The French Italians Spaniards and Portugueses great Blood-letters will I expect tell me That Nature when by bleeding she hath vent and is somewhat discharg'd shall be better able to throw out the remaining Evil. And this seems to be true for the blood indeed receives Air that the Spirits may the better flie away and is robb'd of that strength which it so necessarily wants whereupon Nature exchangeth the Life of the Patient for death and extorts tears from the By-standers Without alledging other Reasons they ground themselves upon Experience And it were to be wished they had that ground indeed for we find such Patients of theirs who in the morning were in no danger even after but the taking away of five or six ounces of Blood to be cold and stiff at night Whence it may easily be collected what it is they call Experience viz. If the Patient by chance escape death then Bleeding must have the honor of it but if he die as for the most part then the malignity of the Disease was the cause of it Wherefore I alledge Experience against Experience and praise God Almighty that he hath vouchsafed to furnish all those who without envy passion or slavish dependance upon others will duly consider Diseases with surer means The more moderate sort of them would have Bleeding only administred in the beginning of the Disease and before the Malignity appears outwardly This I shall willingly allow them 1. In very hot Countreys 2. In a Plethorick Body 3. If the humors flying to the head cause any grievous symptoms there in which case bleeding in the Hand or Foot may be I think very beneficial Otherwise those that use it in all bodies and without distinction in these cold and moist parts will find the ill effects of it and be puzled withal to give a reason for their Practice allowable by Art the rather because by their own confession they dare not use this their Darling of Bleeding at certain times but find themselves best in the use of Sudorificks and cooling Drinks But enough of this Now how many Ounces of Blood ought to be taken at once the degree of the Disease and the Patients more or less strength will indicate And 't is better too little than too much I have never taken more from the strongest and most plethoric Person under my Cure than twelve ounces at once chusing rather in case of need to let out twenty ounces at two times than fifteen at once of which method I have found good success As to the season of the year and the hour of the day little regard needs to be had in those Diseases wherein bleeding cannot be deferred without danger as in Plurisies Squinancies c. Otherwise the Spring and Autumn and the Morning are best The veins that are wont commonly to be opened are these In the Forehead the Vena frontis in the Temples the Vena Temporalis in the Mouth the Vena sublingualis or Ranularis in the Neck the Jugularis externa in the Arm the Basilica under which lieth an Artery the Mediana under which lieth a Nerve and under both of them a Tendon and the Cephalica which hath under or near it neither Artery Nerve nor Tendon and therefore may safely be opened This last hath but one small Branch that runs outward to the head whence it hath got the name of the Head Vein Without this consideration it little matters which of these three be opened in regard that about the Arm-pits they all acknowledge no more but one Branch In the Hand between the little finger and its neighbour the Salvatella in the Foot the Saphena and Ischiatica The manner of Bleeding is so well known that I think it needless here to describe it only I could wish that some of those that let blood would take care somewhat better to guess of the number of Ounces of Blood they take from their Patients that so we might not find 12 16 18 yea 22 ounces drawn away instead of 6 or 8 that were prescribed To prevent so intolerable a mistake I would advise that small Porringers of Tin or Copper were made in which the number of ounces were mark'd though expert Masters do not at all need them as knowing that Blood is really weightier than it outwardly seems CHAP. XII Of the opening of Abscesses or Imposthumes THe Humors here and there gathered do often cause a Swelling which nature is not always able to dissipate unless Art do succor her by fit means which if fruitless you must use Suppuration and then stay till she of her self make an opening except there be a necessity to hasten one or even not to stay for a perfect Suppuration As 1. When the matter being very sharp or malign upon which happens a Corrosion of the neighboring parts and a corruption of the Bones Tendons or Nerves 2. When it may affect a nobler part 3. When it lieth in the Joynts 4. When it is cast out by a Crisis Before you proceed to the opening you are to consider whether the matter be contain'd in its own proper Tunicle or whether it be without any Tunicle If without any then make your apertion with a right Line observing the Fibres of the Muscles For Example In the head according to the position of the Hair long-ways in the Eye-lids transverse in the Temples the Nose Neck Breast Back Arms Feet Joynts long-ways in the midst of the Abdomen let it be long-ways in the sides of it somewhat oblique in the Groins transverse but not very deep by season of the subjacent seminary Vessels Always beware of touching any great Vein Artery or Nerve though the Fibres be cut a-cross lest from a lesser evil there should arise a greater The properest place for the opening is the most raised and softest part of the Abscess if possible in the depending that the purulent matter may the more conveniently be discharged To which end also you are with a Tent so long to keep open the wound until the part being altogether cleansed of its preternatural Humors may return to its former Functions In the opening thrust not in the Launcet too deep nor further into the Cavity than to the matter and as soon as you perceive that draw it a little back and turn the point upward making your opening through the Skin so big as may afford the contained matter a free vent If the Abscess be included in a Tunicle if small make the Incision long ways if big then make a double incision that is cross-ways and beware of touching the Vesicle otherwise you must expect a foetide and almost incurable Ulceration This being well done press out with your Fingers the Vesicle which seldom or never sticks to the Skin and easily follows cut off the little Artery
10. Of Nerves 233 11. Of the Flesh 237 12. Of the Skin 243 13. Of the Fat Nails and Hair 247 14. Of the generation of the Blood and its Circulation 250 15. The division of the Parts of the Body 266 The second Book of the Head 1. OF the outward parts of the Head 268 2. Of the inward parts of the Head 292 3. Of the Neck 296 The Third Book Of the Breast 1. OF the External parts of the Breast 300 2. Of the Internal parts of the Breast 305 The Fourth Book Of the lower Belly 1. OF the outward parts of this Belly 311 2. Of the Internal parts of the Abdomen 314 The Fifth Book Of the Joynts 1. OF the Hands 332 2. Of the Feet 337 An Index to the Treatise of the Plague A Description of the Plague Page 1 It 's Cause 3 It 's Diagnostick 5 Prognostick 6 It 's Cure 9 Whether Bleeding and Purging is convenient 9 10 The use of Sudorificks 11 Medicaments against the Plague 12 Symptoms of the Plague are 18 Feaver Ibid. Drowsiness 20 Continual watchings 21 Great pain of the Head Ibid. Vomiting and the Hicough 22 A Loosness 23 Spots 25 Bubo Ibid. Preservatives against the Plague 32 Practical Observation 36 BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The First Part. CHAP. I. Of Manual Operations in general ALthough the word Chirurgery signifies all Manual Operations in general yet by reason of its pre-eminence above all the rest it is now only given to that Art which endeavours to remove the Diseases of the Body by the assistance of the Hands 'T is true that External Accidents require not only the help of the Hands but also Internal Means therefore it is no wonder for a Part of Physick to require the whole Chirurgery being a Part which depends upon the Body of Physick But these internal Medicines we impart to you not as Chirurgeons but as Physicians The General Operations of this Art to which all the particular ones may be reduced are of four sorts 1. Synthesis which teacheth how to unite parts disjointed 2. Diaeresis To separate parts unnaturally joyned 3. Exaeresis To remove what is superfluous 4. Anaplerosis To supply those that are wanting CHAP. II. Of Synthesis or Vnition UNition is of two sorts one regards the Hard and Boney the other the Soft and Fleshy parts of the Body The Unition of Bones is again twofold the one setting Bones broken the other reducing Bones wrenched or disjointed We will begin with Fractures CHAP. III. Of the Nature Difference Signs Prognosticks and Cure of Fractures in general A Fracture is a Solution of Continuity in the hard parts of the Body caused by an hard Instrument externally forced upon the part The Differences are taken 1. From the Manner there being some transverse which are properly called Fractures others that are made according to the length of the Bone called Fissures and others are Comminutions when the Bone is broken into many small parts 2. From the Part it being some times in the Head sometimes in the Shoulders Ribs Arms Legs c. 3. From the Accidents there being sometimes a Wound accompanying it at other times a Dislocation Inflamation Gangrene c. Cause is Whatever is able to break bruise or cut Sometimes also a Bone corrupted by the Pox Gout or otherwise hath been broken without any external force Signs A Bone being transversly or obliquely broke by handling it you perceive an inequality the Patient is scarce able to move the Part affected and sometimes that Part is shorter than the other the Thigh Leg or Foot being broken the Patient cannot stand at all but he may somewhat though with pain in a Dislocation And this is the surest difference between a Fracture and a Dislocation A Fissure is discerned by the thickness pain and unevenness of the Part and requireth the judgment of a skilful Chirurgion A Comminution is easie to be perceived the Bone being very unequal and here and there yielding to the Fingers Prognosticks A Transverse Fracture is more easie to cure than an Oblique or when accompanied with apparent Inequalities that where but one Bone is broken than where two are or where the Bones are much shattered that which â—s made in the midst of the Bone than what happens to be near the Head and a single one than a compound If the Patient remain undressed beyond the seventh day the Member is in danger of mortifying especially if that the Part be too â—ard bound The Cure A broken Bone requires these four Operations Extention Conjoining Ligature Well-placing and withal the application of outward and inward Remedies Extention can hardly be performed without pain which yet will be much less if the Member be so extended that the Muscles do not labour that is to say The Part must be so laid that when in health they could hold out longest without tiring Sometimes the extension must be greater sometimes lesser which will be performed aright if regard be had to the time of the Fracture to the Age of the Patient and to the greatness of the Bone A recent Fracture a tender Patient a small Bone require a gentler Extention on the contrary an old Fracture a strong Patient and a big Bone a greater The manner of extending I describe not because it is better learnt by the frequent view of Practice than by Reading After Extention you are to join the Bones together in the doing of which the Muscles must not be wrested but retain their natural position and figure Then the Part must be bound with a double Rowler the first is to be rowled thrice about the Fracture and then upwards The second which must be twice as long is to be once wound about the Fracture proceeding downwards and then upwards again a little higher than the first Rowler to which you will give more firmness if you bind some convenient Splints of Wood or rather of Past-board round about the Member The Ligature ought not to be too strait lest it cause pain and rob the Part of its nourishment nor too loose lest the Bones slip out of their place And unless great pain or other symptoms require it must not be opened before the third day and at the second dressing it must be bound somewhat closer and afterwards changed but once every four five or six dayes Lastly The Part ought to be well placed that is softly evenly and a little raised If you lay it too low the Bone will bend outwards if too high it will bend inwards Wherefore you must observe a mean Now whether these four Operations have been duly performed may be known by the ensuing Signs The Extention is well done if the part be strait and as long as its fellow if it appear to outward view every where even and a little hollow about the Fracture The joining together is duly made if the Bone be any thing firm and all about the Fracture be found equal The Ligature is as it ought to be if the Patient as soon
set down to the which I refer the Reader The End of the first Part. BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The Second Part. Which treats of Tumors Wounds and Ulcers In three Books The First Book of the Second Part of Chirurgery Of Tumors CHAP. I. Of Tumors in general A Tumor besides Nature is a Disease in which the Parts of the Body are indecently inlarlarged and extended so that they are rendred unfit to perform its Actions The Differences of Tumors are taken 1. From the Part affected as an Inflammation of the Eyes Jaws c. 2. From the Causes The Causes are 1. The Parts of the Body removed out of their Natural place 2. The Four Humors as well Natural as Preternatural viz Blood Choler Phlegm Melancholy to which likewise we add Serum and Wind. Tumors for the most part are generated from the Humors and that either by Congestion or Fluxion They come by Congestion when the Natural heat of the Part being diminished the good Humors are ill concocted or the vicious are not sufficiently evacuated By Fluxion from a two-fold Cause External viz. a Fall Blow External Heat too great Motion c. Internal viz. Pain Superabundancy Thinness Acrimony of Humors c. The Signs of Tumors are an Extention of the Part Pain Redness Heat Hardness c. But these are better explained in particular Tumors than in general The times of Tumors for all curable Tumors have four are as followeth Beginning when the Part begins to swell Increase the swelling pain and other Symptoms are augmented State the Symptoms stand at a stay and grow not worser Declination when the Symptoms are diminished Prognostick Tumors produced from Phlegm or Melancholy are hard of Cure Those are dangerous which are generated from corrupt Blood or Choler which seizeth the Internal Parts which shew themselves about the greater Vessels Joynts Nerves and the Membranous or Noble Parts Those that are of great bigness and that happen in Cacochymick Bodies They are Terminated four ways 1. By Dissipation which the lessening of the Symptoms do declare 2. By Suppuration wherein the Pain and Pulsation is increased together with a Fever 3. By Induration which the too often and immoderate use of Repelling and Dissipating Medicines hath caused 4. Degenerating into a Gangrene from the defect of Natural Heat The Cure is performed two ways 1. By hindering any further Flux to the Part. 2. In removing that which is already gathered in the Part. We stay the Flux of Humors 1. By Intercepting 2. By Repelling 3. By Revelling 4. By Derivation 5. By Corroborating the Part it self The Matter already gathered is taken away 1. By Astringing and Repelling Medicines to wit when 't is thin and sticks not too firm to the Parts 2. By Resolvents when it is thick and adheres more firmly to the Part. 3. By Suppuratives when the other are too weak 4. By Fire and Cutting when other means effect nothing CHAP. II. Of Inflammation A Phlegmon or Inflammation is a Tumor besides Nature from Blood thrown forth into the Skin or Subjacent Muscles causing Heat Redness Pain Pulsation and Tension Difference 'T is Perfect when from Blood alone Imperfect when Choler Phlegm or Melancholy is mix'd with the Blood and then 't is called Phlegmone Erysipelatodes Oedematodes Schirrhodes The Cause is sometimes Blood alone sometimes mixt with other Humors Signs are Heat Redness Pain Pulsation Shining Tension Hardness Renitency Prognosticks An Inflammation of the External Parts frees the Internal from many Diseases always wholesome except from its too great Extention it produceth a Gangrene dangerous and of hard cure is that which seizeth on the Eyes Jaws Penis Pudendum Muliebre and Joynts In a young Person and in Summer soon cured longer of Cure in a fat than a lean Body The Cure hath four Indications The first of these respects a good Diet let him chuse a clear Air his Meat and Drink little and that cooling all hot sweet and fat things as Pepper and Ginger are hurtful as also the motion of the Body especially of the Part affected Sleep is very convenient All Costivenefs Anger and Venery are noxious Second that stops the further Flux of the Humor which may be performed by Revulsion Derivation Repelling and Interception therefore let a Vein be opened as soon as possible it being most necessary Revulsion is made in the Opposite and most Remote part Derivation in the nearest If you may not open a Vein you must use Leeches and Scarifications Whilst these things are done seeing the Body is seldom clean but that always there are ill Humors mixt with the Blood by Purging rightly used and often repeated as also Bleeding we effect much In the mean time the Part affected requires Repelling Medicines from which we must abstain Where 1. The Noble Parts send the Humors to convenient places and to the Glandules 2. Where the Humors are Malignant 3. When Critical 4. When the Body is very impure 5. When the part affected is very weak or painful 6. Where the Inflammation is about some Noble Part. Repelling Medicines The Roots of Bistort Tormentil the Leaves of Cyprus Mirtles Plantain and Oak the Flowers of Balaustians and Roses Quince-seeds Red Sanders Galls Acacia Dragons Blood Whites of Eggs Vinegar Red Wine Allum Bole Oyl of Roses Myrtles Empl. de Spermate Ranarum Take Rose-Vinegar two ounces Whites of Eggs beat together No. 2. Bole-Armenick three drams Lap. Hematitis a dram Mix them Take the Juice of Housleek Purslane and Plantane of each an ounce Rose-Vinegar sowr Red Wine of each an ounce and half Oyl of Myrtles an ounce Stir them together in a Leaden Morter adding to them of the Powder of Pomegranate Rinds and Bistort of each a dram Make it into a Linament 3. Indication requires the taking away the Humor already in the Part. Here Resolvents are first to be used but they not effectual then Suppuratives Resolvents or Discussives Roots of Galangal Orrise Dill Southernwood Rue Savin Flowers of Camomil Melilot Elder 2 Aniseeds Carraways and Cummin Ammoniacum Bdellium Sagapenum Tacamahac Oyl of Dill Nard Rue Bays Ointment of Agrippa Martiatum Emplaisters of Betony Oxicroceum Diachilon Leaven the Dung of Beasts Spirit and Lees of Wine Take Roots of Orrise Marsh-Mallows of each an ounce and half the tops of Wormwood Flowers of Camomile Melilot of each one Pugil Herbs of Pellitory of the Wall Mullein of each one handful Meal of Barley and Fenugreek as much as is sufficient Boil them in White Wine then being beaten together add of Oyl of Orrise and Camomile of each an ounce Make it into a Cataplasm Or Take Cows-dung three ounces Juice of Hemlock one ounce Oyl of Camomile half an ounce Castor two drams Bole-Armonick half a dram Red Myrrhe two drams Saffron one dram Meal of Lupines as much as sufficeth to make it into a Poultice Suppuratives Marsh-Mallow Roots Mallows Camomile-Flowers Figs Galbanum Bdellium Sagapenum Ammoniacum Fat of Hogs Geese Ducks Hens Oyl of White-Lillies Ointment of Marsh-Mallows both
again but if great not so easily yielding to the touch not so strong a Pulsation but there is a noise observed as of boiling Water yet in the Head and Jaw I have found after death an Aneurism which while the man was alive there could be no Pulse perceived In the hard parts is greater Circumspection to be used than in the soft and fleshy Prognosticks It is difficultly cured if great not at all except with the taking off the Member for the most part it is a long Disease although I have seen it kill without any other accidental Cause within two years If Incision be made Death suddenly follows Cure In the beginning there may be some Hopes Astringents and Repellents and convenient Ligatures by which we do not seldom administer something of Remedy to the Patient as also the applying a piece of Lead straightly bound on have sometimes cured little Aneurisms But where the Tumor is encreased there are some would have the Skin divided and the Artery tied both above and below and cut out the middle with the Tumor and loosen not the Ligatures till the Wound is perfectly cured and there is no fear of an Hemorrage but this Operation is dangerous painful and troublesome and oft-times of little Benefit But to preserve Life I would take off the Member CHAP. XVII Of Opthalmia OPthalmia is an Inflammation of the Membranes of the Eye from Blood with Redness Pain and shedding of Tears Difference A light Inflammation and which depends from external Causes is called a Bastard Opthalmia Taraxis or Epiphora but a great Inflammation accompanied with pain and tears a true Opthalmia And if it be so great that the Eye-lids are so inflamed and as it were turned inward 't is called Chemosis Causes are two 1. Internal as Blood oft-times mixt with Serum or Choler seldom with Phlegm or Melancholy 2. External as Smoak Dust c. Signs vary according to the variety of Causes If it proceed from too great a quantity of Blood the Face looks red and the Vessels of the Eyes are extended If either from more of Serum or Choler the Redness of the Face is less but the Tears are more sharp and the pain greater if from more of Phlegm the reddish pain Heat and Acrimony of Tears are more remiss and the Eye-lids at night are as it were glewed together If from any thing of Melancholy there are but few Tears and the Eye-lids are not closed together the Inflammation is not great but stubborn Prognosticks An Opthalmia is flower cured in Children than in old people Continual pain menaceth Blindness by how much greater the Inflammation is so much the more dangerous it is Cure The Diet must be the same as in a Phlegmon all sharp things are carefully to be avoided as Garlick Radishes Mustard c. little or no Suppers profit Purging the use of Glisters Bleeding ought to be oft-times re-iterated as also Cupping-Glasses Leeches Blisters sometimes also Seatons Issues and Artereotomy it self which is not to be done by any but an expert Chirurgeon Sneezing is hurtful Provoking of Sweat is sometimes necessary sometimes not which the Physician must distinguish Dieureticks are of great use provided they are not too hot External Remedies vary according to the variety of Causes if from Smoke or Fire let them be extinguished If from Dust or any thing got into the Eyes 't is to be taken forth which is often performed by blowing or by the spurting in of Rose-water If from the inversion of the Eye-lids the Hairs are to be cut off or wholly to be pull'd out If the Eye-lids are glew'd together they are to be separated with Butter Beer or Cream the Rheum is gently to be wiped and let the Patient have a Care lest by the rubbing of his Eyes he increaseth his Disease Fat things are here hurtful Repellent Medicines except in the very beginning are not to be used or in a very slight Opthalmia Medicines good for the Eyes Roots of Valerian Solomons-Seal Orrise Vervain Herbs Betony Celandine the great Eyebright Fennel Fumitory Plantain Flowers of Roses Violets Anni-seeds Quince-seeds Linseeds Pippins boil'd or rotten Camphire Mussilage of Lin-seeds Tragacanth Fresh Veal Whites of Eggs all sorts of Milk especially Womans Tutty white and green Vitriol Saccharum Saturni Glass of Antimony White Troches of Rhasis fresh Cheese not salted Ung. Saturni A Water for the Eyes Take Waters of Eyebright and Celandine the greater of each an ounce and half White-wine six drams Glass of Antimony eight grains prepared Tutty fifteen grains White-Vitriol two grains Sugar-Candy two drams Camphire four grains Make it into a Collirium Another excellent one Take Wheat three handfuls Bruised Ginger three drams Common Salt a handful and half White-wine Water of Roses of Fennel Plantain of each ten ounces Infuse them in a Copper Vessel the space of forty days strain them and reserve the Liquor for your use Another very much esteemed Take a whole Egg boil it hard then the shell and Yolk being taking away put into the Cavity Sugar of Saturn six grains Camphire two grains White-Vitriol three Grains Honey of Roses half an ounce then press it very hard and let the prest out Liquor be dropt into the Eyes twice or thrice a day Another second to none Take Waters of Fennel and Eyebright of each a pint Common Salt six drams prepared Tutty white Vitriol of each half an ounce Let them boil a little and reserve for use Let not the great quantity of Vitriol afright any it causeth only a slight pain which suddenly vanisheth but 't is of so great virtue that it cannot sufficiently be extoll'd but its use will prove it true A Powder for the Eyes Take Dulcified Vitriol half a dram prepar'd Tutty fifteen grains Sugar-candy a scruple Make it into a fine Powder Unctious Medicines seldom are applied to the Eyes or else this Ointment is much commended Take Verdigrease twelve grains Camphire Lapis Calaminaris of each half an ounce prepared Tutty half a dram fresh-Butter washed in Rose-water two ounces Make it into an Ointment An Anodine Cataplasm Take Camomile and Melilot Flowers of each a pugil rotten Apples two ounces Fenugreek-seed an ounce Crums of Brown Bread three ounces two yolks of Eggs Saffron half a dram Boil them in Cows-milk to the consistence of a Poultice An Anodine Collirium Take the Juice of Housleek two drams Whites of Eggs half an ounce Womens-Milk two ounces Rose-water an ounce white Troches of Rhasis one scruple Opium three grains Mix them Another which I have often found excellent in the greatest pain Take Gum Tragacanth two drams Mussilage of the seeds of Fleawort three drams Rose-water and Plantain-water of each as much as sufficeth Make it into a Collyrium of an indifferent Consistence and let it be instilled by drops into the Eyes and Linnen-Cloaths wet in it outwardly applied CHAP. XVIII Of a Quinsie A Quinsie is a Tumor of the Jaws from Blood hindring Deglutition and
it remains for some time in the same condition 3. When it relaxeth so that it is restored into its former seat and quiet by its Antagonist The Glandulous flesh is white thick and spungy formed of seed from whence it cannot properly be call'd flesh to this purpose ordained 1. To prop up the Vessels 2. To receive the superfluous Humidities whence they are called the Emuâ—ctories of the noble Parts Some Anatomists make strange diversities of them but it will appear to any one that diligently enquires into all the Glandules that they differ not so much in substance as in their Use and Humor The Viscerous flesh or the Parenchemick is red hard convenient to prop the Vessels and to serve for many particular and various operations this is the flesh of the Lungs Heart Liver Spleen which shall be treated of in their places Chirurgical Considerations The Muscles are subject to many Diseases very many of which are of so little consequence that they shall not be numbred here some we have declared in another place the following require consideration oftentimes wonderfully exercising the patience and diligence of the Chirurgeon 1. An Atrophy of the whole Body oftentimes comes from an Internal Cause But if of the Finger Hand Arm Foot for the most part from an External Cause Thus a Fracture Luxation Contusion Tumor too hard Ligature and the like so vehemently compressing the Veins and Arteries that it hinders the free passage of the Blood to the Parts upon which happens an Emacitation for where the Vessels are wholly divided or stopt so that the least quantity of Blood cannot be carried to the Parts there follows not a Wasting of the Part but a Mortification in this Case the External Causes must be removed And care is to be taken that the Blood may again be carried to the Part Here chafing the Part and the use of Nettles as many will is good the Chymists commend much Alumen Plumosum all hot Oyls likewise are here good and this Oyntment is of excellent vertue Take fresh tops of Savin Juniper Lovage of each two handfuls Camomile Flowers Juniper-berries of each two handfuls Oyl of Bayes White-Lillies of each twelve ounces Hogs-grease three ounces Dogs-grease an ounce and half Aqua vitae two ounces Boil them to the consumption of the moisture then add to the express'd Liquor Oyl of Spike three drams Juniper a dram Mustard-seed in Powder half a an ounce Roots of Pellitory of Spain Long-Pepper powdred of each two draws Yellow wax as much as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Or Take Pulvis Amianti three drams Roots of Pellitory of Spain a dram and half Castor Euphorbium Oyl of Earth of each two drams Gum Ammoniacum an ounce and half Laudanum and Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister 2. The true reason of the generation of Wens in my opinion is this the mouths of the Arteries appointed to carry nourishment to the Muscles sometimes are more opened than they ought to be whether it be by Fall or Blow or from an internal Cause especially in Plethorick People and in Parts disorderly moved the native heat converts the extravasated Blood into Flesh But seeing the Member requires not so great a quantity of nourishment it increaseth into a preternatural Swelling and if this Blood be impure Choler produceth Pain Phlegm Viscousness Melancholy a Cartilaginous hardness and 't is to be attributed to these Humors that this preternatural flesh is more yellow white or livid 'T is seldom included in a proper Tunicle except where Phlegm is its greatest Cause and then those Tumors are generally in the Neck The Veins grow big according to the increase of the Tumor so that under the Skin they appear as thick as ones Thumb 'T is not in it self malignant yet by ill applications may be easily made so Air is very hurtful if the Tumor be exposed to it For the most part the best Remedies are here used to little purpose on the contrary the Tumor more and more increasing You cannot promise any Cure except you take it away by a Thred Knife or both In the beginning the Medicines that are to be applied ought to be very astringent and repelling the Part is gently to be rouled having applied to it either a Plate of Lead or a Diachalcitheos Plaister or of Frogs with Mercury or the following Take Pomegranate-rinds Bistort-roots of each one dram Scales of Iron Quick-silver Burnt-Lead of each two drams Bole-armenick Lapis Haematitis of each a dram and half Turpentine Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister according to Art In the mean time Purging Bleeding Scarification and the Application of Leeches are not to be neglected Sweating also Watchings and Abstinence profit very much But if the Tumor yields not to these Remedies but daily increaseth Suppuratives are to be applied but if these within few days effect nothing and the Tumor continuing in the same state an actual Cautery may be used which let not the contrary Opinions either of Chirurgeons or standers-by hinder for by its use the increase of the Tumor will be stayed for a long time yea sometimes the Disease will be wholly eradicated But if the Flesh begins to repullulate again beyond expectation the Surgeon ought not to defer to endeavour either by a Thred or Knife its extirpation the Thred being small and strong must be twice wound about the neck of the Tumor and tied with a double knot which must be straightned the same day and so every day until the Tumor be deprived of its colour sense and life which is within seven or eight days then 't is to be taken off with a crooked Knife which is very easie to perform seeing neither any great pain or flux of Blood is to be feared If the Thred be wet in Mercurial or Arsenick-water it hastens the mortification of this Tumor But in this Operation a Phlegmatick Body is required for in other Bodies pain and inflamation do so much afflict the Patient that 't is seldom that the Thred in a short time should take them off yet the Chirurgeon may to lessen the Symptoms and to cool anoint with a Feather the part which the Thred toucheth with white camphorated Ointment of Roses or the like continually putting the Patients in mind how that others bear it more quietly But if you design to use a Knife only the whole Tumor must be endeavoured to be taken away except you will consume the remaining by Medicines which is very rarely effected besides the Chirurgeon must have a Care that he divides not the greater Vessels lest there follows a Flux of Blood not to be stopped 3. The Viscerous Flesh belongs rather to the Physicians care than the Chirurgeons 4. Of the Glandulous Flesh we have treated particularly in several places In general 't is to be noted 1. That the Glandules are of a cold temperament therefore require hot Medicines but very ill suffers cold 2.
30 hours or more been troubled with the Spots at length after exceeding great pain accompanied with a Delirium he voided first Blood and after that a purulent matter through his Yard by which means he was restored to his health I conjectured that there was a Carbuncle in the case which seized not on the Membranous part of the Bladder but on the Neck thereof As to the Cure Blood-letting is very prejudicial to those that already have the Plague and dangerous to such that would prevent it The Poison oftentimes lies hid within the Bâ—dy for some dayes weeks or months before â—â— discovers it self by seizing on the conveyances of the Blood Wherefore I would advise you seriously to consider if by opening a Vein you invite it immediately to the Heart whether the diminution of Blood Spirits and Strength which is effected by this means be not the Cause why the Heart is suffocated and deprived of that vigour which it should make use of to repulse the Enemy I confess some Experienced Physitians of good credit have reported that in hot Countries there is no better means for restoring a Patient visited with the Plague unto his health than that of opening a Vein provided it be done cautiously and at the beginning of the Disease but whosoever have attempted it in colder Climates have quickly learnt by experience that it ought to be forborn Purging which is oftentimes very necessary in other gentle Diseases is excluded by the Malignity of this But every one is not quick-sighted enough to discern when it is requisite to be done and when to be forborn Moreover it is evident that in a Malignant Disease the Physick which is administred to a Patient ought to be more mild and gentle than at other times for besides that the Body cannot then bear strong purgations a Dysentery is oftentimes the consequence of them I have when I have been fully perswaded that there was no Malignity in the Disease oftentimes used this or some such like Potion with good success viz. Take Rhubarb a dram and half Senna two drams Cream of Tartar a dram Scorzonera-Roots half an ounce Aniseeds half a dram Boil them in Holy-Thistle-Water and to three ounces of the strained Liquor and Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb six drams Spirit of Salt a little Confection of Alkermes a scrupel Make it into a Potion I never adventured to prescribe any thing Purgative to such as have been taken with the Plague before the fourteenth day at which time the Fever and the other Symptoms of the Disease would be abated There are some who have attempted it while the Carbuncles remain purulent and before the Bubo is perfectly cured But I dare not advise any one to follow that Method whatsoever Remedies they administer at the same time which may be intended specifically against the Plague But if it happen that the Patient for several days be very costive and troubled with a pain at his heart and hopes to be relieved by Purgation It is to be considered that the Venom of the Disease and not the Costiveness is the cause of the pain at the Heart it is therefore most requisite to make use of Sudorificks to corroborate the Heart and not to concern your self for the costiveness of the Body but if you desire to open it a little it is better to make use of a Suppository than a Glyster which is not altogether so safe but hath been prejudicial to many on this occasion and to others it hath done but little good and not at all opposed the Malignity of the Disease But to such as will not take this advise which hath been very confirmed by experience and several good Reasons and will still persist to make use of Glysters it is fit however that they forbear to prescribe Scammony as an Ingredient especially to Women in the time of their Flowers Juleps are in this case very necessary but all persons may not make use of them nor any at all times I am never wont to prescribe them without joyning with them some Sudorificks which will appear hereafter and this I take to be the safest course for if the sick person should make use of such things only as refrigerate while he sweats freely the Sweat would oftentimes strike inward and the Venom would be conveyed to the Heart from whence would follow sudden Death There is no means more requisite than that of Diaphoreticks and Cordials especially those that are acid which produce such effects as are certain and therefore the more laudable for they rectifie the Mass of Blood and free it from the venom which infects it They dissolve the pituitous Matter which is lodged in the Stomach and the Entrails and correct the Choler which in this Disease is the cause of much mischief Nevertheless the several disguises of this Disease and the vanity of the Symptoms which attend it do require that they should be often changed since when the Disease is more gentle those things are not to be used which would do good service in an accute one Medicaments against the Plague Roots of Zedoary Butter-Bur Angelica Ditamny Galangal Vipers-grass Gentian Master-wort Lovage Burnet Orrise Florentine and ours China Sarsaparilla Leaves of Rue Scordium Sage Holy-Thistle Swallow-wort Wormwood Southern-wood Centuary the lesser Valerian Sorrel Fluellin Balm Marjoram Rosemary Thyme Mint Flowers of Borage Bugloss Violets Roses Marrigolds St. John worts Rosemary Indian-Spikenard Jesamy Seeds of Citrons Oranges Rue St. Johns wort Anise Coriander Lovage Fruits Citrons Oranges Walnuts Figs sharp Cherries Pippins Ribes sowre Pomegranates Barberries Spices Musk Ambergreece Civet Benjamin Storax Calamita Cinamon Mace Nutmegs Cardamums Camphire Animals or their parts Flesh of Vipers Mummy Serpents Quails Thrushes Harts-horn Unicorns-horn Bezoar Stone of an Indian Hog Ivory Castor Precious Stones and Earths the Jacinth Granate Emerald Ruby Carbuncle Pearls Coral Bolearmenick Earth of Lemnos and Seal'd Gold Silver Salts Common brought lately from the River Nile which moveth Sweat most powerfully of Scordium of Wormwood Rue Self-heal Holy-Thistle Vitriolated Tartar Bezoarticum Minerale Threacle of Andromacus's Diatesseron Mithridate of Damocratis Diascordium of Fracastorius Confection of Alkermes of Hyacinth Species Liberantis Electuaries of the Egg Rob. of Currans of Barberies Conserves of Balm Mint Rosemary-Flowers Borage Bugloss Marigold-Flowers Troches of the Juice of Barberries of Citrons Out of all which you may make choice of such as you judge most fit for the purpose The Writings of Authors who have treated of this Disease will give you an account of other Compounds out of which you may chuse such as please you best I shall here propound such only as I have found to be most efficacious and which I shall constantly make use of till by experience I shall discover some others whose nature is more excellent and that the use of them may the more plainly appear I shall premise some Medicaments that some years since were prescribed by my self and those Learned Men Dr. Francis Sylvius
c. pag. 101 Scraping 37 how it s performed on the Bones pag. 65 Scrotum its watry Tumor how cured by Paracentesis pag. 51 Secundine its extraction pag. 74 Seton where how c. to be made pag. 71 Shortness of Breath pag. 280 Shoulder-Blade Broken pag. 13 Sinchondrosis pag. 208 Sincurosis Ibid. Skull and its parts 209. its Fractures 10. its Bones and Sutures pag. 209 Sphacelus its Causes Signs Cure c. pag. 116 Sparmatocele pag. 34 Spermatick Vessels pag. 319 Spinal Marrow pag. 293 Spittle its use matter c. pag. 250 Spleen its Wound pag. 175 Sternum pag. 208 Stitching in cure of Wounds how to be performed pag. 160 Sticking-Plaister pag. 161 Stomach its History pag. 315 Stone in the Bladder cause sign c. 83. its Extraction pag. 82 Suture pag. 208 Sumphysis Ibid. Synerthosis Ibid. Synthesis what it is pag. 1 Syssarcosis pag. 208 T. TAlus pag. 338 Tarsus and its Bones pag. 211 Teeth how many c. 273. their pain its cause and cure 282. their Breeding in Children how remedied pag. 284 Temperaments of men described pag. 202 203 Temples what pag. 268 Terebration 37. How performed pag. 67 Testes of the Brain pag. 294 Testicles of men 320. in Women 321. Inflamed 326. Cancer Sphacelus pag. 327 328 Thigh 210. Broken 15. Dislocated pag. 24 Thorns things to draw them out of a Wound pag. 158 Tibia 210. It s Fracture pag. 16 Timpanum pag. 276 Tongue-tied the Cure pag. 47 Tophs pag. 214 Tumor its Causes c. 88. Flatulent its Cause Cure c. pag. 107 Tunicle conjunctiva Adnata Retina Aranea Cornea Vitrea Vvea 274. Elytroides Erithroides Albuginea pag. 320 V. VAlves of the Vena Cava 225. of Vena Pulmonalis 226 of the great Artery 228. of Arteria Pulmonalis pag. 230 Veins their difference 221. Adiposa 224. Atteriosa 230. Axillares 224. Azygos 223. Basilica 224. Cava and its distribution 222. Cephalica Cervicalis 224. Coronaria Stomachi 226. Cordis 223. Emulgens 224. Epigastrica Ibid. Gastrica minor 225. Major 226. Gastroepiloris 225. Haemorrhoidalis 226. Hypogastrica 224. Intercostalis Jugularis 223. Intestinalis Ischiatica 225. Lactea Magna 253. Lumbaris 224. Mammaria 223. Mediastina 223 Mediana 224. Mesenterica Mesocolica 226. Muscula inferior superior 223. Phrenica ibid. Poplitea Porta 225. Pulmonalis 226. Saphena 225. Spermatica Salvatella 224. Subclavia 223. Splenica 226. Thoracica 224. Vmbilicalis 314. which to be cut in particular Diseases pag. 227 Venters of the Body what and how many pag. 266 Ventricles of the Brain 294. of the Heart pag. 307 Vertebra's of the Neck 210 297. of the Loyns 312 of the Abdomen of the Back pag. 210 Vlcers their difference causes signs cure 177 178. with foul Bones their cause sign cure 182. Spreading and Malignant 184. Fistulous 186. of the Eyes 194. of the Legs 199. of the Nose 195. of the Bladder 197. of the Womb 199. Vlcerous Excrescency pag. 211 Vnition pag. 2 Vreter 319. Exulcerated pag. 325 Vrethra pag. 321 W. WAtry Passages 261. Tumor pag. 103 Wind Medicines discussing it pag. 108 Womb its History 322. inflamed c. 329. its falling down 34. Haemorrhoides 330. whether it can be taken away pag. 329 Worms in the Pericranium in the Bladder their Remedies pag. 325 Wounds their difference causes signs c. 147. their symptoms and cure 153. of the Stomach their cure 174. which are mortal 149. their Lips how to be joyned 159. of the Ears and Lips 173. of the Head and Brain 172. of Heart 174. of the Face 172. of the Guts 175. of the Liver and Spleen 175. of the Nerves their causes c. 166. of the Eyes 173. of the Lungs Ib. of the Kidneys 176. Made by Gun-shut 168. of the Tendons 166 Poysoned 170. of the Bladder pag. 176 Wrenching pag. 17 Y. YArd pag. 321 FINIS MEDICINA MILITARIS OR A BOBY OF MILITARY MEDICINES Experimented BY Raymundus Mindererus Late Chief Physician of the Electoral Court of Bavaria and of the Imperial City of Aspurg Englished out of High-Dutch LONDON Printed for Charles Shortgrave at the Turk's-Head in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1686. CISTA MILITARIS OR A Military Chest Furnished Either for SEA or LAND With Convenient MEDICINES and necessary INSTRUMENTS Amongst which is also a Description of Dr. LOWER'S LANCET for the more safe Bleeding Written in Latine By Gulielmus Fabritius Hildanus Englished for publick Benefit LONDON Printed for Charles Shortgrave at the Turk's-Head in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1686. A Description of a LANCET FOR The more secure Letting of BLOOD By Dr. LOWER FOrasmuch as it hath been thought convenient by several good Chirurgeons to contrive a safe way of Blood-letting for the benefit of young Beginners in that Profession and whereas Dr. LOWER of late in his Treatise of the Heart hath discovered a plain and secure way of Bleeding and given a figure of the Lancet which he commends for that purpose I have been advised for the publick Good to translate what he hath written and likewise give the figure of the Lancet and description of the Use of it as it is printed in the 166 page of the last and truest Edition of his Book Printed at Amsterdam 1671. in the Author 's own words HOw great Ebullition sometimes happens in the Blood in what vessels and with what swift motion it is cast about every where through the Body and if an Artery be opened how quickly and with what force it breaks out it hath been hitherto treated of in the foregoing Discourse by which it appears how necessary sometimes Blood-letting is to diminish its Quantity or to stop its Career and how dangerous the Administration of it is if it be performed by a rude and unskilful hand For it often happening either by want of skill or common practice of Bleeding which makes the Mind fearful and consequently the Hand trembling and uncertain that an Artery is opened or a Nerve or Tendon cut or prick'd whence follows Swellings Pains Inflammations Gangrenes or Convulsions which put the member in danger of being cut off or render'd useless I thought it might not be beyond the scope of my Treatise if by way of Appendix I should shew by what means and Instrument any Vein might be safely and securely opened if it swell upon a Ligature though it have an Artery Nerve or Tendon immediately under it Forasmuch therefore as never any harm happens in Blood-letting unless a Vein be prick'd through or slipping aside the Lancet be put too deep into the part the Fabrick of this Lancet is such and ought to be so put into the Vein as both may be easily prevented For the Lancet is so contrived that it is not cutting on each side unless it be near the point but is purposely blunt and made round on the lower side which is to be applied next to the skin that it may more easily slide over it as it appears by the following Table in which a the Lancet b the place where the upper edge
and Species of Diacarthamum Cream of Tartar Take Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna Diacarthamum of each an ounce Jalap eight grains Cream of Tartar two scruples Parsley-water as much as is sufficient to make it into a Potion A Purging Wine which cures the Dropsie it self Take Roots of Orrise Gentian Succhory Fennel Masterwort of each an Ounce the middle Bark of Elder an Ounce and half Leaves of Ground-pine a handful Rosemary two Pugils Flowers of Centaury the less one Pugil Seeds of Smallage Coriander Carraway Roman-Nettle Fennel of each a Dram Senna two ounces Agarick three Drams Jalap half an ounce Turbith a Dram and half Let them be cut and infused in six Pints of Rhenish-wine Dose four ounces Medicines consuming Water outwardly used Roots of Orrise Bryony Birthwort Flowers of Elder Camomil leaves of Celandine Centaury Calamint Rue Dill wild Majoram Sulphur vivum Salt Allum Bay-berries Ammoniacum Bdellium Take Cows-dung half an ounce Pidgeons dung two drams Sulphur vivum half an ounce Nitre two drams Honey Vinegar of each an ounce and half Bean meal two ounces Bay-berries Cummin-seeds of each half an ounce Oyl of Dill Nard of each an ounce White-wine as much as is sufficient to make it into a Poultice Or Take Frankincense Mastick Myrrhe of each half an ounce Camphire half a Dram Goats-dung an ounce and half Brimstone Salt Cummin-seeds of each three drams Turpentine and Wax as much as sufficeth According to Art make it into a Plaister Hydrocephalus is always of difficult Cure Water contained in the Ventricles of the Brain or between the Brain and Meninges is very dangerous but less dangerous when collected between the Dura and Pia Mater or between the Dura Mater and the Skull For the Dura Mater may be divided into a Lancet if you can come at it but least danger of all when detained without the Skull Purging Sudorificks and Diureticks seldom do any good here but Cauteries Blisters Issues Setons are more profitable but sometimes we are forc'd to come to Incision or Ustion which Remedies although dangerous have cured several Some Chyrurgeons use with an actual Cautery to burn the Skin of the Head in five six or more places but not together and at once but at several times lest the Patients strength should be too much spent continually choosing that place which the watry Humor makes to appear most convenient Some with a Lancet open the Skin near to the Sagital Suture Which of these Remedies are best cannot absolutely be declared I must esteem an Actual Cautery when the Water is between the Skin and the Skull but if under the Skull between the Meninges I do not see how this operation can be performed without a Lancet But which of them soever you chuse have a care of discharging all the Water at once for in the very Operation it self the Patient dies or at least is very much debilitated for till the end of the Cure all the Water is not to be taken away lest the debilitated Parts be deprived of that heat which the Water possest do corrupt but rather what remains must be consumed by Internal and External Discussives and this is to be observed in all Watry Tumors that are Cured by a Paracenthesis In the same manner the Watry Tumor in the Navel and Cod ought to be handled after other Medicines have been applied in vain Dropsie of the Breast belongs not to Chirurgery except where a Paracenthesis is convenient concerning which Read the 15 th Chapter of the first Part. CHAP. VII Of the Flatuous or Windy Tumor THe Flatuous Tumor is a Disease produced of Wind not yielding without resistance to the Fingers Difference Some are without pain others with it in the one the wind is in motion in the other quiet Causes of Wind are Phlegm especially when mingled with Choler which as Ferment doth froth so it proceedeth wind it always happens upon a debility of the Parts by reason of which although endeavoring to concoct the Humors yet are notable Signs are Inflation with a resistance yielding to the Fingers a rumbling noise especially if shaken Prognosticks It seldom comes is fleshy parts in other parts it brings many inconveniencies in weak and Cacochymick bodies it 's of difficult and tedious Cure Cure The same Diet in here to be observed as in an Oedema Pease Beans Turnips Chestnuts and all Crude Fruit do extreamly hurt On the contrary Wine and other things moderately warming profit as also Spices and those things which disperse Wind as Nutmegs Mace Anise Carraways Lovage The Stomach and the whole Body require purging and corroborating Medicines always mixing with them those that disperse Wind and sometimes also where Corroboratives are used Anodines Laudanum Opiatum cautiously used that is half a grain or a grain for a Dose is here excellent For besides that it ceaseth pain it also by its Diaphoretick quality removes the Cause of the Disease To cause Sweat is as necessary as Bleeding is unnecessary Outward Medicines discussing Wind. Roots of Galangale Lovage Herbs Dill Mint Marjoram Peniroyal Rosemary Rue Chervil Flowers of Elder Mellilot Camomil Seeds Anise Carraways Cummin Fennel Nutmegs Cardamum Castor Oyl of Rue Nard Spike Dill Carraway distill'd Mace Nucista exprest and distill'd Mellilot-plaister Take Oyl of Wormwood Rue of each two Drams Oyl of Nucistae exprest one Dram of Mace distilled half a Dram Castor dissolved in Aqua vitae two Scruples Make it into a Linament Or Take the Leaves of Rue Calamint of each half an handful Bean-meal two Ounces Seeds of Cummin and Anise of each half an Ounce Bay-berries Salt of each three Drams Nitre Brimstone of each a Dram Goats dung six Ounces White-wine as much as is sufficient Mix them and boyl them into the Consistence of a Cataplasm Or Take the Roots of Pelitory of Spain half a Dram Venice-Sope three Drams Castor dissolved in Aqua vitae one dram Seeds of Cummin Carraways of each two drams Ashes of Earth-worms half a dram Oil of Spike half an ounce Mastick three drams Wax and Turpentine as much as sufficeth Make it into a Plaister according to Art CHAP. VIII De Herpete HErpes is a Tumor besides Nature sprung from yellow Choler disfiguring the Skin with corroding and spreading Pustules Difference Where Choler solely predominates it produceth Herpes exedens but where Phlegm is mixt with Choler a Herpes Miliaris Cause is sometimes Choler alone sometimes mixt with Phlegm and I see not why the serum of the Blood may not often be here taken as a Cause For the Lymphaeducts being out of order do produce Mutations in mans body heretofore unknown Signs Are little Pustules like to Millet-seed a heat itching and after rubbing a moistness and little Ulcers Prognosticks Herpes is of difficult Cure but of little danger unless so rendred by the immoderate use of Repellents Cure The same Diet is here required as in an Erysipelas Moreover Purging is here very necessary Bleeding not to be allowed of the use
of the Flesh is taken away and then 't is call'd a compound or hollow Wound 3. From the Causes which shall presently be set down sometimes a wound happens to be poisoned and to have many Symptoms joined with it Causes are five-fold viz. 1. All things that cut as a Knife Sword Glass 2. Al things that prick as Needles Arrows Teeth 3. Which perforate as hot Iron Bullets 4. Which break as a Fall Stroke or the carrying or lifting of any great Burdens 5. All things which contuse as a Stone Stick c. Signs External Wounds are of themselves manifest enough but those of the Internal parts are not always so easily judged of these therefore are to be known by Anatomy 1. What is the situation of each part 2. What the use 3. The Symptoms are to be considered 4. The Quality of those things are to be noted that Nature ejected through the Wound The other Signs you shall have in their proper places Prognosticks To know the Events of Wounds especially to predict which are Mortal which not is a thing absolutely necessary for a Surgeon For from this judgment oft-times depends the Life of unfortunate Man A mortal Wound is that which in the space of few hours or days of necessity causes Death and cannot by any Art be cured For those that in themselves are curable yet by reason of ill Symptoms or through the neglect either of the Patient or Chirurgeon do occasion Death ought not to be accounted mortal Wounds Incurable Wounds themselves are not to be call'd Mortal if they are not the cause of Death suddenly to the Patient but that he not only lives many weeks but oftentimes many years after 1. Among the Wounds that are Mortal are to be accounted the Wounds of the Brain but not all of them for Experience hath taught us that part of the Brain hath been taken forth and the Life preserved though the Understanding lost Therefore those Wounds of the Brain that be absolutely mortal are 1. When besides the Brains a Nerve is also wounded 2. When Blood or some other Humor obstructs the beginning of the Nerves 3. When after a few days the concrete and putrified Blood produceth a Fever Delirium and Death it self By concreted Blood I understand not that which lies between the Dura-Mater and the Skull for that is to be taken forth by the Trepan and the Patient this way may be preserved but that which is included between the Dura and Pia-Mater or between the Pia and the Brain Although sometimes that which is detained between both Membranes by the dividing of the Dura may be taken forth and so the Patient preserved 2. The Wounds of the Spinal Marrow are also mortal which happens in the Neck or nearer to the Head but those which happen lower as about the Os Sacrum are of lesser danger 3. The Wounds of the Lungs are mortal if great and deep where the great Vessels or the Branches of the Aspera Arteria are hurt Where the Vessels are divided there follows a great effusion of Blood where the Branches of the Aspera Arteria the Breath comes forth more through the Wound than the Mouth 4. Wounds of the heart are always mortal for though one or two wounded in the heart have lived two three or four days it was never found yet that ever any escaped 5. The Wound of the Wind-pipe may be cured if the Membranes only behind to which the Cartilaginous Rings are join'd be hurt but if the Rings themselves are wounded there 's no cure to be expected yet sometimes those wounds being a lingering Death so that I have seen on so wounded live Eighteen weeks before he died 6. Wounds of the Diaphragma those that are inflicted in the fleshy Part of it are curable but those that are in the Nervous Part though these always occasion not sudden Death yet 't is impossible ever to cure them 7. Wounds of the Stomach are sometimes cured those chiefly being mortal that happen in the upper Orifice or in Nerves that are distributed over the Stomach 8. The Wounds of the Small Guts are seldom cured but the Wounds of the Great Guts much oftner especially if they are not great 9. Wounds of the Liver and Spleen are mortal where the Vessels themselves are wounded where not they may be cured 10. Wounds of the Kidneys are not mortal if the Wound penetrate into the Cavity it self for the most part an Ulcer follows which consumes the whole Kidney yet the Patient may continue many years If the Parachyma only be wounded sometimes through difficulty it may be cured 11. Wounds of the Bladder are seldom so perfectly cured but that for the most part there remains a Fistula but those that are made at the neck of the bladder are daily cured 12. Wounds of the great Veins and Arteries are often mortal but every Surgeon understands not rightly to bind up such Wounds therefore the cause of death is not always to be cast upon the guilty 13. Wounds of the great Nerves are for the most part incurable and sometimes mortal 14. Wounds from poisoned Instruments or Creatures generally are mortal Wounds of Nerves Veins Tendons and Membranes are more difficultly and longer of Cure than those of the fleshy parts A Wound from a pricking Instrument is of less danger than from a bruising A Nerve Vein or Artery if wholly divided are less dangerous than if they were but in part A great Inflamation coming upon a great Wound is of no great danger except it continue too long but a great Inflamation falling upon a little Wound is an ill sign The Inflamation for the most part vanisheth by the fifth day therefore if the Wound then appear white livid or black 't is not void of danger A Fever Vomiting and Convulsion are dangerous but a Fever and Vomiting of less danger than a Convulsion CHAP. II. Of the Cure of Wounds in general HEre are required four Intentions 1. To preserve the strength and native heat of the wounded Part. 2. To remove the Symptoms 3. To endeavour that nothing remains or be left behind in the Wound 4. That the gaping Lips of the Wound be joined together and being so joined be kept CHAP. III. Of the preservation of the strength and Native heat in the wounded Part. CHirurgery removes the impediments of Cure but Nature her self cures the Disease which it will scarce effect where the Native heat is weak or the Blood vitiated or where it flows in too great or too little quantity to the Wound in flowing in too great quantity it produceth an Inflammation Pain Putrefaction and many other Symptoms where in too little quantity the Wound is robbed of its Natural Balsam necessary to consolidate it The natural strength and native heat is preserved by a convenient Diet fitted to the temperament of Mans body in general and in particular to the Part affected Of the Diet of the Sanguine Cholerick Phlegmatick and Melancholick we have treated of before
when we spoke concerning a Phlegmon Erysipelas Oedema Schirrhus Then Care is to be had of the Blood seeing it affords assistance to the matter and serves to unite the Wound Where it is vitiated it requires purging But if it flow in too great quantity Intercipients Repellents Revellents and Derivation must be us'd If it flow in too small quantity Aliments that nourish are convenient as also Medicines that strengthen and that move Sweat Outwardly gentle Frictions and Embrocations moderately hot Then the Cure is to be perfected by External Medicines which shall be declared in the following Chapter when we speak of the removal of the Symptoms and the Cure of Wounds themselves CHAP. IV. Of the Symptoms of Wounds THe chief Symptoms of Wounds are 1. A Fever whose Cure we commend to the Physitian ' 2. A Flegmon or Inflamation 3. An Erysipelas Of the Cure of both which look in the second and third Chapter of the first Book 4. Hemorage which not only impedes the Cure but also deprives of strength and life it self therefore great Care is to be taken that it be stopped as soon as possible which in the greater Vessels especially the Arteries is very hard to do therefore those Wounds are for the most part Mortal For Medicines that stop Blood are too weak and hard Ligatures occasion a Gangrene the surest way therefore in my opinion is an actual Cautery the lesser Vessels may and will close Some close the Wound of the Vessels with their Fingers and so hold them there while the Blood is coagulated and the Flux stopt but this Operation seldom succeeds besides the long holding of the Finger in the Wound is hurtful Therefore let the Wound together with the Vessels be forthwith clos'd by the Fingers but if you cannot come to do this outwardly make a compress upon the Vessel which done wipe away the Blood with a Spunge then sprinkle some restringent Powder but not over the whole Wound which is used to be done by the ignorant but only upon the Vessels then bind up the Wound continuing the use of the Medicines stopping Bleeding while there appears no longer any Blood not neglecting in the mean time Generals viz. Scarification and Bleeding c. Medicines that stop a Flux of Blood Roots of Bistort Cinquefoil Tormentil Comfrey the greater Red Saunders Lignum Leutisci Pomegranate-rinds Mastick Talk Acacia Dragons-Blood Amber Sarcocols Frankincense the hairs of a Hare Os sepiae burnt-Crabs Whites of Eggs Mummy Cobwebs red Coral Chalk Bloodstone Bole-Armenick Aloes succotrine Frogs dried and powdered crude Vitriol burnt Vitriol Take fine Meal three ounces Dragons-Blood Frankincense of each an ounce and half Bole Sealed Earth of each two drams Talk six drams dried Frogs an ounce Hares hair cut very small a dram and a half Whites of Eggs dried in the Sun and powdered half an ounce New Spunges torrified an ounce white Vitriol a dram Mix them and make them into a fine Powder 5. Pain which must of necessity be eased because it creates watchings and dejects the Spirits and is cause of the Flux of Humors to the Party affected and of Inflamation Fever and Gangrene but the Causes are diligently to be considered For if either Medicines that are sharp or too hot occasion it they are presently to be altered 'T is better to confess the Error than pertinaciously to persevere in it If any foreign Body remains in the Wound it must be drawn forth If pain comes from the choaking in of the Matter you must allow it a free passage If an Inflamation be the cause of it its Remedies are set down in the second Chapter of the first Book You must apply to the Wound those things which ease pain and are anodine as Oyl of Roses Linseed Camomile Worms sweet Almonds Poppies c. Take Oyl of Roses of Poppy-seeds of Camomile of each an ounce the White of an Egg Saffron a scruple Mix them But if the pain cease not with these or the like Medicines it is a sign that some Nerve is wounded or affected by consent The Cure shall be set down in the following 6. Convulsion or Spasm this shews the Malignity of the Humor or the ill constitution of the Nerves neither of them promising any good Here must be used both Internal and External Medicines appropriated to the Disease the Internal by reason of the diversity of causes we commend to the Physitian External Medicines for a Convulsion Balsam of Peru the fat of Geese Castor Foxes Rams Mans Horse-dung Oyls of Juniper Lavender Ol. Philosophorum Amber Turpentine Rue Marjoram Worms Castor Orise Bays Petraeleum Ointments of Agrippa Martiatum Ung. Nervorum Spirit of Wine Take Oyl of Snails Worms Sesamin of each an ounce of the Grease of Rams and Foxes of each half an ounce fresh Butter six drams Spirit of Wine three ounces Let them boil till the Spirit be consumed then add Oyl of Spike distilled Rosemary Amber of each two drams Mix it into an Ointment Against a Convulsion there cannot a better Remedy be invented than distill'd Oyl of Lavender some few drops being given in some convenient Liquor and anointing well the convulsed part 7. Hypersarcosis or too great increase of flesh which if it happens from abundance of Blood the flesh is solid and otherwise well conditioned but if from the too weak quality of drying Medicines it is spungy of the same nature as when the Bone underneath is rotten In the former Case Bleeding is convenient and sometimes fasting and the use of strong drying Medicines In the latter the Medicines must be very strongly drying that are applied Detersive and Corroding Remedies are here good Medicines against too great increase of Flesh Burnt-Spunges Burnt-Allom Galls Aloes the Bark of Frankincense Tutty Verdigrease burnt Vitriol Praecipitate Arsenick A Green Corrosive Water Take crude Allom Verdigrease of each two drams boil them in eighteen ounces of white-Wine to a wasting of the fourth part strain them and add Camphire a dram Mix them A Powder very drying and somewhat corroding Take Galls Balaustions burnt-Allom Frankincense Myrrhe of each a dram Dragons-Blood Ceruse Verdigrease of each half a dram Make it into a Powder 8. A Gangrene and Sphacelus concerning which look in the fourteenth Chapter of the first Book of the second Part of Chirurgery CHAP. V. Of the drawing forth Extraneous Bodies out of the Wound NO Wound ought to be joined together as long as any Extraneous Body remains in it for otherwise after some little time it will break out into an Ulcer The Blood by which Nature unites the divided Parts if it flow in great quantity to the wounded Part and there coagulates 't is to be removed by Expression sucking it out or by any other way for so there will be less Matter generated and the Symptoms fewer but where an Haemorage is feared all the Blood is not to be cleansed away Where Hairs are about the Wound they are to be removed If Sand or any such like thing remain
a Wound penetrating into the Cavity it self all the Tunicles being divided the Wound of the Abdomen ought to be united by a Stitch a little Orifice being left through which a Tent is to be put which must not enter the Wound of the Stomach but only outwardly touch it let it be armed with this or the like Take Oyl of Mastick of Fir-tree of each an ounce Manna of Frankincense two drams Powder of the Roots of Tormentil of the greater Comfrey of each a dram Saffron a Scruple Earth-worms half a dram White-Wine two ounces boil them to the Consumption of the Wine and make a Liniment Take Turpentine half an ounce Yolk of an Egg Oyl of St. John's-wort an ounce Mix it and make a Liniment Wounds of the Small-Guts sometimes though seldom may be cured this I can prove by a notable Example Those of the Great-Guts are more easie Where the Small-Guts are hurt the Chyle and sometimes the Meat Drink comes forth through the Wound there is great pain with a Fever and Nauseousness Where the Great-Guts the Excrements come out at the Wound or at least the scent the Body is bound the Wound is forthwith to be stitcht together and the Gut to be restored into its natural place well cleansed with warm Water and this following Powder sprinkl'd upon it Take Aloes Mastick Frankincense Mummy Dragons-blood of each a dram Make it into a Powder Wounds of the Liver and Spleen require bleeding and if the Belly be bound Clisters are daily to be injected to the Wound it self are to be applied Astringent and Drying Medicines Wounds of the Kidneys are difficultly and slowly cured If made into the Cavity it self the Blood that comes forth is Serous otherwise more pure This Liniment is of great esteem to be used outwardly Take Rosin of the Pine six ounces Oyl of Bays and Turpentine of each an ounce Gum Elemny four ounces and an half Mingle them Inwardly are to be given the Troches of Alkakingi Gordonius de Carabe or Sealed-Earth Bole Turpentine and Wound-Drinks Wounds of the Bladder are generally cured after the same manner but it is very seldom that they leave not behind them a Fistula The following Pills are of great use in Wounds and Ulcers in the Kidneys and Bladder Take Mans Bones calcin'd three drams Chalk Burnt Talk of each a dram Troches of Winter Cherries three drams Venice-Turpentine a little boil'd as much as is sufficient Make them into Pills about the bigness of little Pease rowling them in the Liquoras-powder let the Patient take morning and evening six of these The End of the Second Part of the Second Book BARBETTY'S CHIRURGERY The Third Book of the Second Part Of CHIRURGERY Of Vlcers CHAP. I. Of the Nature Differences Causes and Signs of Vlcers AN Ulcer is a Solution of continuity with Diminution of Magnitude in the soft Parts from a Corroding Matter Differences are taken .1 From the Form of the Ulcer so 't is great little long short broad narrow right transverse equal unequal deep superficial 2. From the Part affected which sometimes is the Skin and Flesh only sometimes the Tendons Nerves and Vessels that carry the Blood 3. From the Causes which shall be presently spoken of 4. From the Symptoms so 't is painful itching obstinate verminous carious Cause is a sharp and corrosive Humor and that is twofold 1. Internal as Choler Melancholy Serum Salt Phlegm and other Malignant Humors 2. External as Burning and Corrosive Medicines the Sweat of Man infected with the Itch Leprosie or Pox. Signs of Ulcers in general are manifest enough the particulars you shall have in their places Prognostick By how much deeper the Ulcer is so much the longer 't is in Curing Ulcers in Parts that are subject to much Humidity are difficultly cured If an Ulcer cannot be cured in a long time or when Cicatriz'd breaks out again the Cause is the Bone being foul under it Ulcers near to the Nerves Veins or Tendons are dangerous In Cacochimick Bodies their Cure is tedious If the Matter which comes from them be good it gives hope of an easie Cure Good Matter is of a middle consistence between thin and thick white light equal and not at all stinking That which is ill is thin and fluid pale livid and of ill smell Old and inveterate Ulcers are not cured without danger except the Body be well purged and a good order of Diet observed otherwise some Diseases will ensue CHAP. II. Of the Cure of Vlcers PUrging and Bleeding are here often necessary but a good ordered Diet always Hot Meats and Drinks hurt as also all Sweet and Salt things Outwardly the Humor ought to be concocted and turned into Matter the lost flesh ought to be repaired and then to be skinn'd Remedies necessary to perform these are Digestives Sarcoticks and Epuloticks which are set down in the seventh Chapter of the second Book of the second Part. We will add some Compounds A Defensive Take Guaiacum-Wood long Birthwort-Roots of each an ounce Centaury the less Wormwood Agrimony of each a handful Boil them in white Wine and to two ounces and an half of the strained Liquor add of the Meal of Orobus half an ounce Myrrhe powdered two drams of honey of Roses two ounces Spirit of Wine an ounce Venice-Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make it into a Liniment A Sarcotick Take the Brown Ointment of Foelix Wurtz three drams Basilicon half an ounce Gum Elemni two drams Turpentine six drams Colophony Mirrhe Aloes Mastick of each half an ounce Litharge of Gold three drams Oyl of Roses as much as sufficeth to make it into an Ointment An Epulotick Take Sacchar Saturn Litharge of each two drams Lapis Calaminaris one dram Roots of Tormentil Bistort round Birthwort Dragons-Blood burnt Egg-shels of each half an ounce Make them into a Powder Let it be sprinkled upon the Ulcer or mingled Gall half an ounce Honey as much as sufficeth to make it into a Linament CHAP. III. Of an Vlcer with foul Bones IT falls out sometimes that the Bone which lies underneath the Ulcer to be foul Bones are corrupted and contract a rottenness either from the long Flux of Humors or from the Acrimony and Malignity of them or from an Occult quality or from a Contusion in some manner injuring the bone it self or from sharp Medicines Signs of Corruptions are many Where the Bone lies open to the sight at first it appears of the colour of fat then yellow afterwards black and unequal but where it cannot be seen Chirurgeons may judge that there it is a Corruption 1. If a Fistula preceded or the Ulcer hath been of long continuance 2. If the Ulcer being skinn'd break out again 3. If the flesh above it becomes loose spungy pale or livid 4. If with the Probe you find no resistance but an Inequality 5. If the Matter be much thin and stinking Prognostick If the Caries be near the Nervous parts or in the Joynts or about
assistance of the Ligaments Tendons Membranes c. the Parts are so straightly knit together and so abound with Sanguinary Vessels that oftentimes upon the slightest hurt the greatest Symptoms ensue if you order not every thing aright CHAP. III. Of Bones A Bone is a Similar Part cold and dry composed of Seed that it might afford strength to the Body and help its motion Naturally 1. It is hard 2. Covered with a Membrane 3. White with some Redness 4. Hollow or Spungy 5. About the Extremities covered with a Cartilage 6. Smooth 7. Moistened with a fat Humor It is nourished by Blood brought from the Arteries every where so small excepting the lower Jaw that Writers of great esteem have denied them to the Bones but especially contained in the Marrow The Marrow is invested with a Membrane it self is altogether insensible in the Cavities of great Bones 't is White mixed with Red in the lesser White in the Spungy Bones soft and juicy Its Sense it borrows from the covering Tunicle for the most curious Observer never saw Nerves The Bones are joined together partly for the greater firmness partly for the better Motion That Conjunction which is for their firmness is called Symphysis and is six-fold 1. Suture as in the Bones of the Skull 2. Harmony whigh is by a right or oblique Line as in the upper Jaw 3. Gomphosis as the Teeth in the Jaws 4. Sinchondrosis which is by an interposing Cartilage as in the Os Pubis or the Sternum 5. Syneurosis which is by the assistance of a Ligament as the Thigh-Bone with the Hips 6. Syssarcosis which is by the accession of flesh as in the Os Hyodis That Conjunction which is for Motion is call'd Articulation and is twofold 1. Diarthrosis to wit a loose Articulation And 2. Synarthrosis to wit a straighter Articulation And both is performed by three manner of ways 1. Enarthrosis When the Cavity receiving the Bone is great and the process of the Bone to be received also great as in the joining of the Thigh-bone with the Hips 2. Arthrodia When the Cavity is superficial and the Process little as in the hinder part of the Head with the first Vertebra of the Neck 3. Gynglymus When one Bone takes into its Cavity the process of another and contrariwise the other Bone receives into its Cavity the Process of the former as the Bone of the Thigh with the Tibia and the Shoulder-bone the Ulna The number of Bones is greater in Children than in adult People for by years many of them so grow together as that they cannot be separated any more also their number is much lessened when consideration of the Processes and small Bones is not had from hence it is that some reckon 360. some 304 others 249 The use of the Bones is 1. To be a stay or support to the Body 2. Together with the flesh to give it its shape 3. To help motion 4. To defend several Parts Although the Bones ought to be described in particular by us in their proper places yet an Anatomist cannot be perfect that is ignorant of the Bones therefore before we begin the Examination of other parts we think it convenient to exhibit to you the Skeleton in this place The Bones of the Head we divide into the Skull and Jaws The Skull consists of eight Bones which are 1. The Bone of the Forehead 2 and 3. Bones of the fore part of the Head 4 and 5. Bones of the Temples 6. The Bones of the hinder part of the Head 7. Os Sphoenoides 8. Os Ethmoide The upper Jaw consists of eleven Bones to wit five of each side and one common of these 1 2. Os Zygomaticum 3 4. Os Lachrymale 5 6. Os Maxillare 7 8. Bones of the Nose 9 10. Bones of the Palat. 11. Vomer The under-Jaw hath only one Bone except the Cavity for the Teeth of which are numbered 32. Four Fore-Teeth two Dogs or Eye Teeth all the rest are Grinders In the Internal parts of the Ear are four Bones which are called 1. The Hammer 2. The Anvil 3. The Stirrup 4. The round Bone The Mouth hath only one Bone called Os Hyodis The Neck is composed of seven Vertebra's of these 1. Is called Atlas 2. Epistropheus 3. Axis the rest want Names The Bones of the Breast in the upper parts are The two Collar Bones on the sides fourteen true Ribs ten Bastard in all 24. On the fore-part the Sternum with the Sword-like Cartilage In the upper part of the Back are two Shoulder Blades in the middle twelve Vertebra's The hinder part of the Abdomen exhihits five Vertebra's of the Loins to which are joined the Os Sacrum and to it is joined the Os Coccygis On the side of Os Sacrum there is the Os Innominatum or Bone of the Hip which is divided 1. Into Os Ilium which is the greatest 2. Os Ischium the lowest 3. Os Pubis in the fore-part The Arm consists of only one Bone which is called the Shoulder-Bone The Cubit of two the uppermost of which is the Ulna the lowest the Radius The Metacarpus contains eight Bones to which as yet there are no Names given the Carpus four The Fingers 10 each of which consisting of three Joints Besides these about the Joints of the Fingers are sound the Ossa Sessamoidea 10 12 15 or 20. The Thigh hath only one Bone The Leg consists of two one of which is the innermost called Tibia the other which is outermost the Fibula Between these and the Bone of the Thigh is placed forward the Knee-Bone The Tarsus hath seven Bones which are 1. Tarsus or Astralagus 2. Calx or the Heel-Bone 3. Os Naviculare or Cimbiforme 4. Os Cuboides or Tesserae 5 6 7. Ossa Cunciformia or Sphoenoidea The Metatarsus hath five Bones The Bones of the Toes are 14 for there 's only two in the great Toe The Ossa Sessamoidea are found here also 10 12 sometimes 15 or 20. Chirurgical Considerations The Bones are subject to many Diseases Fractures and Dislocations are already discoursed of as also Putrefaction But seeing there may be several ways produced we will declare those which are chiefly worth our consideration Preternatural Humors by what cause soever either General or Particular penetrating the Bone sometimes produce an Ulcerous Excrescency with moistness of the Bone sometimes a Cancer of the Bone to wit Spina Ventosa effects necessary to be distinguished which because no Physician hath made it his business to describe I will impart that which Reason and Experience hath taught us The cause of an Ulcerous Excrescency with the Humidity of the Bone which effect is called by the Dutch een Beensuyger is preternatural Phlegm depriving the Bone of its temper and hardness the flesh cannot be said from this soft foundation to keep also its Natural state but its nourishment passeth into soft spongy flesh which by degrees encreaseth and at length causeth an Ulcer from whence the Tendons Ligaments and
it comes to pass that the Fat when it is any obstruction in the Cure of an external Disease may be cut off without any pain or other inconvenience 2. The Nails are oftentimes subject to clefts to be rough and of ill colour the Cause is a vicious Humor or some External Accident these may be cured by the often paring of the superfluities and the applying the following Plaister Take Rosin half an ounce Turpentine Frankincense Mastick of each two drams Goats-Suet Green-Wax of each five drams Make it into a Plaister accoâ—ding to Art Blood sometimes remains coagulated under the Nails which may be discussed by this Plaister Take Roots of Crow-foot of Solomons Seal red Mirrhe of each a dram Gum Sagapenum an ounce Oyl of Nuts a dram Make it into a Plaister For the falling off of the Nails a Finger-stall may be prepared of Green Wax Laudanum and Amoniacum c. 3. The shedding of the Hair is a frequent evil the causes of it are Burning Fevers old Head-aches the Leprosie and the French Pox and there is not to be expected any new in its room before the Cause for some time hath been taken away which being done the following external Applications may be made use of Take Southern-wood Maiden-hair Mallows Marjoram of each one handful Cummin roots of Parsley of Radishes Storax Calamit and liquid red Mirrhe of each five drams Euphorbium Cantharides of each a dram Gum Laudanum three ounces Oyl of white-Lillies an ounce Roman Nettle-seeds half an ounce Infuse them 36 hours in three quarts of fair Water then distil them in Balneo Mariae Or Take Aloes a dram Agarick Coloquintida of each two drams Rocket-seeds half an ounce Salt of Camomile two scruples infuse them twenty four Hours in fifteen ounces of White-Wine and keep the strained Liquor for your use CHAP. XIV Of the Generation of the Blood and its Circulation WE have hitherto treated of the Similar Parts properly and improperly so call'd from whom are the Dissimilars compounded The Blood serves to their Conservation as doth the Spirits to the Actions from thence proceeding but how the Blood is generated in our Body and how many Spirits are there found is not as yet sufficiently understood by us In this thing Writers differ among themselves so that the very Truth seems to lie hid in the profoundest darkness yet the love and desire of searching out the Truth exactly gives me freedom to declare my Opinion yet still giving place to a better Sanguification I conceive to be performed after this manner The harder Meat received in by the Mouth chawed by the Teeth and by the Spittle moistened is in some manner prepared to be made Chyle This Spittle from whence it hath its beginning no man as I know of hath rightly demonstrated Those that derived it from the Veins and Arteries it is upon this reason because they communicate several Branches to the Maxillerary Glandules through which the late invented Ductus Salivales pass and moreover a Salivation raised by Art seems to confirm this Opinion But how the Arteries and Nerves can separate so great a quantity of Spittle as we have often known to have been thrown forth in so short a time seems not possible to me I do rather derive it from the Stomach and Limphaducts which I suppose to adhere to the Salivals upon the following Reasons 1. As often as voluntary swallowing is designed we observe the Spittle to ascend as it were from the Stomach into the Mouth it self especially if the Meat be moistened by Drink 2. The Tongue Mouth and the whole Stomach have inwardly a common Tunicle 3. The Meat in the Mouth as in like manner in the Ventricle ought to be mixt with Spittle 4. It would be very troublesome continually to drink in eating for it is very easie for some time to keep the devoured Liquor in the Stomach and then sensibly to communicate some part of it to the Mouth 5. The Limphaducts are dispersed through the whole Body and they go both unto the Stomach and Tongue 6. I judge no Humor to be thrown out of our Body except by peculiar passages and so for several reasons I think the Tears also to be shed though particular Channels which a more accurate hand whether mine or others may sometimes find out Yea the most Noble Lewis Bills the great Anatomist attests to have already discover'd them and promiseth to demonstrate them in the Body and in Figures to the Favourers of Truth If you enquire of me of what nature Spittle is I answer that it is Salt yet 't is not always necessary that this saltness be perceived by the Tongue which those that Understand the Nature of Artificial Salts sufficiently know It is certain that there is some natural Salt in all Meats and Drinks 't is also certain that Salt not only helps the commixing and concoction of the Meat but also contributes much to the fermentation of the Humors The Ductus Salivales which we have now made mention of have but one strong Tunicle not unlike the Ureters but that they are lesser Of each side one They take their Original endued with many Roots from a certain great Glandule lying under the Tendon of the Musculus Digastricus not far from the upper Part of the Jaw then they run under the Tongue above the great Nerve of our eighth Pare to the more inward parts of the mouth where in the two ranine Glandules near the bridle of the Tongue they terminate from whom being variously perforated issues out the Spittle into the Mouth of which the enquiring Reader may more largely satisfie his curiosity out of the Writings of Glisson and Van-Horn The Meat thus chewed by the Teeth and prepared by the Mouth through the Gullet by the assistance of proper Muscles is carried into the Stomach which that it may the better keep it it presently purseth it self together so that the upper Orifice is close shut but the lower not so straight that though very lightly pressed may there find passage The Meat received by the Stomach and moistened by Spittle Drink and its own humidity forthwith by the heat of the Stomach begins to be concocted the Order is not observed here which was in the eating of the Meat yet in the beginning I have observed the Meat to be disposed in the same order as it was devoured by the Animal that was dissected but afterwards the Stomack continually digesting first sends away that Meat which is of easiest Digestion to the Guts and it doth not detain it whilst the other is also concocted which Loosnesses and Vomiting evidently enough declare if you look into the Excrements The Meat being concocted assumes a whiteness like to Cream and this is called Chile The Chile out of the stomach through the Pylorus enters the Intestines in which passage there is a notable Peristaltick motion Out of this the Venae Lacteae suck what is useful to nourish the parts and the unuseful is cast out
of some Humor which renders the Cure very difficult For this I commend the often praised Restorative Powder 3. A great Tendon is inserted in the Calcaneus or Bone of the Heel which being wounded or much contused brings Convulsions and death it self About this place comes Kibes whose cause is intense cold or heat with driness Here first are observed Fissures in the Skin then follows an Ulceration All fat things and Plaisters profit here especially the following Take Powder of Galls of round Birthwort of each half a dram red Lead a dram Mercury sublimate six grains Litharge Mirrhe of each a dram and half Camphire a scruple Franckincense two drams green Wax as much as sufficeth to make it into a Plaister In the room of green Wax you may take the Fat of Deer or of Rams 4. The Fingers or Toes being frozen must be rubb'd with Snow or with a bruised frozen Turnep then this following Plaister is much commended Take Hogs-grease fresh Oyl of Olives of each an ounce white Wax two ounces boil them a little and make a Plaister 5. Issues are often made in the Joynts we have formerly declared the place In the Arms between the Muscle Deltois and Biceps in the Thigh two fingers breadth above the Knee in the inside in the Leg the uppermost two fingers breadth below the Knee the lowermost two fingers or three above the Ankle That you may make these Issues without pain instead of a Conclusion take this Caustick which works without pain which is also very much to be commended in sordid and cancerous Ulcers and in Excrescencies Take Crude Brimstone white Arsnick Crude Antimony of each two ounces the Brimstone being melted by a gentle fire and stirred about with a Spatula add the Arsnick and Antimony powdred and mix them whilst they are incorporated with the Brimstone and look red Afterwards Take of this Mixture an ounce Caput mortuum of Vitriol half an ounce Mix them and make a Powder let it be washt six times in Spirit of wine and dried for your use A TREATISE OF THE PLAGUE THE Plague is a Disease whose nature is not to be comprehended by us the Cause thereof seems to proceed from a Spirituous and Infectious Vapour which is powerful enough to make a sudden dissolution of the consistence of the Blood by which means the Heart is deprived both of strength and life I do assert that the Nature of it is not to be comprehended by us as well because it is a Punishment inflicted on us by the immediate hand of Almighty God who vouchsafes not that his Incomprehensible Wisdom and Essence which is sometimes faintly described to us should be narrowly pryed into by his creatures as also that it is in it self so mutable that if we should seriously recollect our selves and recount the several Pestilences wherewith all former Ages have been visited we shall not thereby be able to instance in two of that whole number which have agreed with each other in all circumstances From whence we may easily infer that in the Cure of this Disease an Experienced Physician may much more safely follow the Dictates of his own Reason than adhire strictly to the Method Prescriptions of others For although it doth sometimes by the more remarkable symptoms sufficiently evidence it self yet we cannot likely discover its Nature and Essence although we should the most industriously attempt it But that we may cautiously enquire into it we must know that it is sometimes not accompanied by any Fever And it is necessary that what Physician soever is ignorant of this should either by perusing good Authors or his own Experience acquaint himself throughly with it I have been sent for to several Patients my self who although they appeared otherwise in good health not refusing their meat nor disturb'd in their sleep have nevertheless had Buboes arising in their Groin on their Neck under their Arm-pits or behind their Ears which have apparently discovered a greater Malignity than could be discerned in those Buboes which in other persons have been attended by a violent Fever And many hereupon who have been incredulous and lightly regarded the cautions which I have given them upon this account have with great danger to themselves experimented that as soon as those Buboes have sunk down the Pestilential Symptoms which have appear'd have been very dreadful and much more dangerous than in those that have carefully used the means prescribed to them who have been also much more easily and speedily cured than the other Sometimes the Plague is accompanied with a Fever and again there are some Pestilent Fevers without the Plague To distinguish this Fever from the Plague I used to observe that they that are seized with it complain of pain in their Head and Stomach which sometimes is dispersed over the whole Body sometimes it confines it self to the Arm-pits the Neck the Parts behind the Ears or to the Groin To outward appearance there is not the least swelling If the Patient by such means as is requisite be provoked to sweat at the beginning of the Disease the pain utterly ceaseth and in a few dayes he will be perfectly restored to his health the Disease not having at all discovered it self by any outward Symptoms Why such a Fever should be accounted a Species of the Plague I see no reason But there is no one but will confess it to have seized on that Body on which Buboes Carbuncles and Spots do outwardly appear The cause of the Plague is either Internal or External but unto which soever we impute it it is necessary to conclude that there is in it a power of dissolving the natural Consistence of the Blood and depriving the whole Body of its strength As to the Inward Cause which is Meat and Drink it is evident to all that it cannot produce in any Body whatsoever so great sudden a change but it is most certain that by a long continued course of bad Diet the Blood may by degrees be after such a manner dissolved weakned and corrupted that some part of it assuming to it self a malignant quality a man may be surprized by a sudden Disease sometimes be deprived of life it self which hath been observed in sick persons at several times when there hath been no contagion in the place nor any suspected who have been troubled with perfect Buboes and other Symptoms of the Plague much more intolerable than others have been at any time when the Air hath been infected As to the outward Causes every one confesseth that there are such but their Nature is known but to few The Chymists who are able by the force of Fire distinctly to separate the Parts of simple Drugs endeavour to find the Original of the Contagion in a Volatile Salt which suddenly dissolves the fixed Salt of the Blood which hath indeed some appearance of truth though it will not be relished by all men If you enquire into the Cause hereof from others their
Medicines thou canst be Master of to drive out the poyson if thou wilt save thy life I never found any thing that was considerable done in the Plague by means of Purging and Bleeding but rather on the contrary all those that had Spots if they were Purged or let Blood soon after died However I will prescribe nothing magisterially to any man let every one endeavour to do what he can give a good account of I have together with my Collegues treated many hundreds in our Hospitals infected with the Plague without ever opening a Vein and yet we have by Gods blessing recovered near 600 persons besides those that by the same mercy we have cured in their several Houses Now to procure sweat in the very beginning take the quantity of two Hasel-nuts of Treacle dissolve it in common Vinegar but if thou canst have a cordial Acetum made of Rosemary Lavender Elder-blossoms Rue Roses or Elder-berries use it much rather and give it the Patient to sweat Or take the roots of Celondine boyl them in Vinegar and dissolve some Treacle in it Or take Carduus benedictus Rue Petasites or Butter-burr a little Angelica Zedoaria or Saxifrage-roots boyl them together in half White-wine and half Vinegar or only Water dissolve a little Treacle or Mithridate in it and let the Patient take it warm to make him sweat Mithridate hath the like virtue with Treacle yet neither of them are safe to take for Women with Child old Persons and young Children You may also make use to good purpose of the Saxon-powder taking of it the weight of a Ducat in Caduus benedictus Scabius or Sorrel-water which Powder is thus to be prepared Take Valerian half an ounce Celondine or Nettel-roots of each one ounce Polypody Althaea or Marchmallow wild Angelica of each two ounces of garden Angelica four ounces of the rind of Laureola or Lowry an ounce and an half These roots are to be dug up in their best strength viz. between the middle of August and the middle of September and being cleansed they are to be cut small and then put in a glazed pot pouring a sharp Vinegar upon it so as to cover it two inches high Then lute on the cover with a lute made of whites of Eggs and Flower let all be boiled upon a gentle fire then pour off the liquor and dry the roots and reduce them to powder mixing with it some 26 berries of Herbe Paris or One-Berrie which look like Pepper-corns very good against poison and thus the powder is made This herb grows in shadowed and moderately moist places I have found of it several times in Koshinger-wood near Ingolstad It hath four leaves on one stalk and one berry on the top An herb belonging to the family of Solanum's or Night shades whence the leaves of it do very much cool Inflammations especially those of the Eyes when laid upon them Take notice of Sorrel bruise some of it and pour Vinegar on 't the Rue acetum is the best and strain the juice through a cloth put into it a little powder of Angelica about the weight of half a Ducat or of the root of Dictam or of Butter-burr or a little Treacle or Mithridate and give it to sweat On this occasion of mentioning Dictam I must add that in our Countrey there grows only the white Dictam which is among others an excellent Antidote but you must take of it the double quantity and weight to that of Creta You may boil of the root of half an ounce in half White-wine and half Vinegar or instead of the Wine in Carduus benedictus water and drink of the Decoction warm and put your self to sweat or take of the powder of it a drachm and an half in warm broth with a little Vinegar for the same purpose The Dictam of Creta hath hairy leaves and purpureous blossoms and is used in the prepation of Treacle This herb by its odour drives away Serpents The wild Goats being hurt by any Arrows eat this herb and 't is said that by this means the Arrows fall out of the wound This perhaps hath no other ground than that of the Poet Virgil affirming that Venus with this herb healed her Son Aeneas when wounded in the War His words are Aeneid 12. Hic Venus indigno nati concussa dolore Dictamnum genitrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida Puberibus caulem foliis flore comantem Purpureo non illa feris incognita Capris Gramina cum tergo volucres haesere sagittae About this time came in the Hungarian Infection which was a Disease that bred such a a putrefaction in the bodies of Men that even when they were near death they fell a vomiting but that with such a stench that no body could endure it Here those Medicines do well that preserve the body from putrefaction for the Plague Spotted Fevers and the Hungarian Distemper proceed all from inward corruption And of them the Plague attacks the Spirits residing in the Heart and so killeth very quickly whereas Spotted Fevers have their seat in the Blood and therefore do last twelve fourteen and sometimes twenty days before they kill But the Hungarian Disease is seated chiefly in the putrified Phlegm of the Head and Brains whence those that labour under it are tormented with great and maniacal head-ach But though these three Diseases have their rise from one and the same cause Putrefaction and are to be cured by the same remedies yet is therein required the discretion of a prudent Physitian for the ordering and prescribing of Medicines according to circumstances Take a drachm of Zedoary give it pulverised to the Patient in Acetum of Rue or Elder or Marrigold flowers or even in common Vinegar Let him sweat upon it 'T is good against all sorts of venom and causeth a sweet breath as resisting inward corruption In the Apothecary Shops you find an Electuary called Diascordium found by that famous Physician Hieronymus Fracastorius It is like to Treacle and Mithridate only 't is red from some Ingredients giving it that colour This may be used with safety by Women with Child young Children and all sorts of Persons whereas as was said above Treacle and Mithridate may not It is made chiefly of Scordium or Water-Germander which hath the smell of Leek when bruised Galen in his first Book De Antidotis Chap. 12. writeth that when in a great Battel some slain Bodies chanced to fall upon this Herb they rotted not as far as they were touched by this Herb. The said Fracastorius did compound this his Diascordium out of this Herb Scordium Tormentil Serpentaria Gentian Bole Armeniac and Terra Sigillata and such like Ingredients It is chiefly to be used in the hot Diseases of the Head which I have done many a hundred times Take of it the weight of about two ducats in common Vinegar or in Elder-water or rather in the expressed Juyce of fresh Sorrel and sweat upon it 'T is very good especially in the
on Horse-tail in Latin Equisetum heals the wounds in the urinary parts the powder of it being taken in broath or Speedwel-water or the Decoction thereof being drank Gummi Ammoniac is a good discutient of hard Tumors and Knobs Tacamahaca appeaseth pain proceeding from cold being laid on the part affected To make the pellets used to be put in wounds that are to be kept open which here in Germany we call Quellmaissel take a Spunge of the finest sort put it in Whites of Eggs well beaten and mixed with Rose-water to make the said Spunge imbibe this moisture Which done bind it close together with thred and let it well dry in the Air and so convey of it into the wound that is to be kept open where it will swell again and so distend the wound If you be troubled with the Gonorrhaea take House-leek growing on old walls call'd by the Latins Semper viâ—…ninus put it into your shoes and go bare-foot upon it anoint your loyns and privy parts with Henbane-oyl and take mornings the quantity of two big hasel-nuts of well washed Turpentine for some days together avoiding all aromatic hard and salt meat An old Experimenter hath noted That whosoever shall wash his head twice a week with a Lixivium made of Juniper-ashes his sight shall never fail him but remain good to his end nor shall that person be troubled with any vermin upon his head nor with any head-ach nor suffer any change of his hair For my part I never tryed it but it being a very plain and safe thing I thought good here to insert it Against the biting of a Mad-dog lay Assa foetida with Garlick upon the bite it will draw out the venom To free your self from the Gravel make a Decoction of Ash-wood in wine and drink of it warm once or twice a day upon an empty stomach using withal good baths Vervin also the leaves and roots beaten together and drank is very good in this case If you have a strong breath proceeding from a foul stomach infuse Wormwood and Carduus benedictus together with some Citron-peels in in wine and let them boil a little therein and then drink a good draught of it mornings Chew also and swallow sometimes a little Myrrh and take now and then three or four Aloes-pills I could add many other things if my leisure would permit These which I have set down you will take in good part and though I have not tryed them all my self yet you may rest assured that such as have not been experimented by my self have been tryed by my honoured Collegues and other honest persons and approv'd FINIS INDEX A AIR what to be observed of it in the Camp 28. Preservatives against the corruption of the Air. 36 c. Animals their blood of what efficacy 51 Antonies fire how to be allayed 112 B BElly the cure of the Aches and Tumors and Gripings thereof 64 65 Beer new Beer causes the Strangury 30 Blood how to cure casting up of Blood 57. And the bleeding of the Nose Ibid. Blood coagulated how to be helped 107 115 Boyls Pestilential and their cure 81 seq Brick well burnt good against a Tenasmus 78 Brimstone a good Medicine in infectious cases 48 Bread Wheaten-bread coming hot out of the Oven and dipt in red Wine very good against Fluxes 70. The same duely prepared good in pestilential Sores 82 Bones broken how to be order'd 10â— Bran good for wrenching of Limbs ib. Burning how to healed 110 C CArbuncles pestilential and their cure 81 Carlina good against faintness 26 Chirurgeons of an Army and their qualities 32 Cold Nights how to provide against 28 Corns of the Feet how to be cured 25 Cough and its cure 57 Crafishes burnt alive good against the Bloody-flux 74 Crafishes after a certain way prepared of great use for drawing out of the body Thorns Small-shot c. 108. The same fried in fresh Butter allays burning 112 Crocus Martis a high Remedy against the Bloody-flux 74 Clysters and their use in the field 75 Chearfulness good in Pestilential times 42 D DAisie and its excellency 31 Diseases in an Army and their cure 34 Diet to be well observed in the Camp 35 Drinks how to provide in the field 27. The excess of it to be avoided 30. The danger of drinking whilst one is hot and the care to be taken in that case 30 31. Drinks in cold weather 39 Drawing out of Thorns Splinters c. how to be effected 115 Dropsie and its cure 69 Drought how to be remedied 77 E EGg-oyl good for Burnings 112 Elder-flowers good in the plague 38 39 Elder-vinegar good to apply to the Heart in the plague 53 Elder-roots the Juyce of them purgeth hydropical persons exceedingly 69. But to be used with great caution ibid. Boiled Elder-buds have the like vertue ibid. Emollients in pestilential Boils 82 Excrement of a Gander is powerful in drawing Iron out of the body 109 F FAintness how to prevent .26 27 Feet sweaty how to remedy 26. Feet frozen how to recover 113 Fevers of all sorts how to be managed and cured in an Army 34 64 Fluxes their several sorts and cures 70. Of the Bloody-flux in particular and its cure 72 Frankincense dryes and clears the Air. 37 Fundament the cure of its falling down 78 G GAngrene how to cure 113 115 Galling how to cure 26 Garlick useful in Fluxes by way of decoction 79 Goat good for men to rub at them when the Air is corrupted 67 36 Groin swelled how to cure 70 Guts the Griping of them how to be cured 69 Granat-wine cures the Bloody flux 75 Gun-powder purifies the Air. 37 Gum Elemi of considerable use in wounds 105 Gonorrhoea how to be order'd 118 Gravel how to be removed 119 H HAwes oure Fluxes 71 Harts-horn good against Fluxes 70 Hearing how to be recovered 65 Heart the cure of this Inflammation 62 Haemorrhoid-vein the use of its bleeding 80 Horses how to be made vigorous 27. Ointment for Horses 28 Hunger and Thirst to be prevented by certain herbs 26 I IAundise the cause and cure of it 66 Imperatoria good against faintness 26 Infection its preservatives and cures both for the Poor and Rich. 35.46 The Hungarian Infection and its cure 46. â—â—â— Inflammation its several sorts and cures 58 64 Juniper-wood burnt good in times of the plague 37 Itch how to be cured 11â— L LArd when fresh very good against the Inflammation of the Mouth 62 Lard good against Burnings 112 Lead a considerable cooler 62 Leggs the cure of their swelling 70 Liver the cure of the Obstructions thereof 66 Lillies the Juyce of the Roots of blew Lillies have great virtue of purging hydropical persons but to be used with great discretion 69 Lapis sabulosus good to heal broken Bones 106 Luxations how to be order'd ib. M MArisca's and the cure of them 79 Mastick drys and clears the Air. 38 Mesaraick-veins and the effects of their being obstructed 66 Milk duly prepared good against the Bloody-flux 72 Moss of wild Rose-shrubs an approved Remedy in Bloody-fluxes 73 Mouth how to remedy the falling down of the Palate of the Mouth 56 N NIter excellent to allay Inflammations 61. The way how to prepare it for that use 62 Nose how to remedy the bleeding of it 57 O OBstructions of the Liver and the cure 66 Oyl of Scorpions very good to anonit the Heart with in the Plague 53. A good Succedaneum to it described 54 Oyl of Vitriol good in Fevers 55 Oaken-leaves do cure common Fluxes 70 P PEstilential Diseases and cure 38. seq 81. seq Physicians of an Army and their qualities 32 Pear-trees the Rinds of them cure common Fluxes 71 Preservatives fit for Souldiers 25 26 c. Purgatives fit for Souldiers 25 Putrefaction the cause of grievous Diseases 47 64. Putrefaction of the Mouth how to be cured 115 Q QUinces-wine good against the Bloody-flux 75. The same extinguishes marvellously the burning of any shot 111 R RIngworm how to be cured 116 Rust of Arms how to prevent 26 Rye-biscuit duly prepar'd good against the Bloody-flux 73 S SCarification and its use 82 Souldiers Morals 23 Souldiers care of his Body 24 Souldiers Diseases in the field through the whole Book Sores pestilential and their cure 81. seq Spotted Fevers and their cures 34. seq Squinancy and its cure 57 Strangury and its cure 11 Sufeits and their cures 34 Swellings of the Throat and Almonds how to be cured 56.64 Swelling of the Leggs how to cure 70 Sweat and the ways of procuring it 44. seq See also 51. seq Swallows burnt to powder good to those that have been shot 109 Synovia how to be order'd 110 T TEnasmus and its cure 77 Tench fried good for Burnings 110 Thirst how to quench in case of want of drink 26. Thirst how to quench in Fluxes 77 Throat swoln how to cure 56 Tooth-ach its cure 114 Tongue the cure of the Inflammations of it 58 Turnips after a certain way prepared or rotten cure frozen feet 113 V VErmin how to remove 25 Vein the use of the bleeding of the Hemorrhoid-vein 80 Vesicatories and their use 82 Ulcers and their cure 81 Vinegar good to wash the Temples with in times of the Plague 38 Venae-section not easily to be admitted in pestilential Diseases 43 55 Vulnerary Herbs for several sorts of Wounds 107 W WAter its differences and choice 29 Wheel-grease a good Ointment for Horses 28 Wind in the Guts requires keeping the Body soluble 67 Worms Earth-worms good against the Dropsie together with the way of preparing them 70 Wounds their Inflammation how to be prevented 104. Their swelling how to be helped ib. Wound-drinks of several sorts 107 Wounds mortal how to order 117 Worms in fingers how to be cured 115 Wounds how to be cured see chap. 10. FINIS