trice overturnes our Hopes and Comforts doth therefore make the loss of Life more bitter and grievous This Disease seeming to Envie and Prevent other Languishing Distempers or Wrinckled Age in the spoil of Beauty and ruine of Strength triumphs in their Sudden and Unexpected downfall And by the cruell Ravage it makes out-does a leisurely dissolution in dismal effects both upon the Souls and Estates of many Mortals Men being thereby in surprize hail'd out off the arms of seemingly perfect Health Security throw the vale of miserable delirium stupidity or Distraction precipitated into the Shades of the other World life here being taken by furious storme has all the dreadful effects of a Pitiful saccage while a leisurly dissolution gives oportunity for Preparation to make Peace with the great Monarch whose Messenger Death is and for a honourable and happy Surrender And now since all this is done under the Presidence of a Government whose trust makes it the concernment thereof to inquire narrowly whither negligence or mistake may give occasio to the Course of so sudden a Devastation this makes it no less the Credit of Faithful Physicians then the Common interest of Mankind to put the Cure of this disease to appear in the first rank for Tryal Reformation and Improvement And may also shew the reason and necessity of our going so far back and making a Ramble to rally up the whole force of that obligation lying on the Physician to diligence and Improvement and to conjure down negligence and araigne all vulgar errors and mistakes capable to stiffle or deprave Improvement in this particular Subject or any other in that Art Such indeed seeming to stand like Mountains in the way by serious consideration therefore deserve first to be removed and levelled In Pursuing then of this Improvement of the Cure of continuall Fevers it comes to be observed that althô the remote and Antecedent cause of this and most part of other Diseases seems to be a load of Humours often viscide yet scarce do we understand the specifical essence of this or that humor which excites this or that symptome and produces the variety of diseases except in so far as the nature of the place it clogs produces the symptoms and this being a purely Mechanical reason gives but little light to the specifique quality thereof far less can we tame these noxious humours with specifique or appropriate Remedies which were indeed the best expeâ—imental improvement were it known unless in somuch as the cortex pernvianus seeming to be the specifique of intermittents is known And altho some essay to explain the essence of Diseases lodge it in such modification of the figure quantity and motion of the particles of matter in respect of the pores fibers and channels of any Bowel or Organe which make obstruction impression of pain irritation convulsion and the rest of the sâ—mptoms competent to this or that Organe which modifications seing they cannot as yet be determined and pitched on as by their subtilty escaping the Edge of the sharpest Ingine neither can these be reached or subdued by way of Indication Therefore as yet all our certain cure and curative indications are directed not against the continent and nearest cause but only against the antâ—â—edent cause or fewel of the disease to wit to carry off the load of humours and not to attacque its specifique and evil quality that being seldom if ever hit and if at any time but by a very faint blow and althô the specifique cure providing it were known would be both the shortest and surest yet this cure might ly open to the like hazard that sometimes falls out in the Cure of intermittents by the copious use of the bark which as our worthy Author observes are sometimes thereby translated into a scrobutique rhumatisme the morbifique matter being divested of one specification or modification puts on another Seing there is no specifique cure pretended to in continual Fevers their cure must then lean on some indication which false Theory and long custome has made to degress and decline to the satisfying the common indication of attenuation of the Febril matter and expulsion thereof throw the pores of the skine some forceing it by a milder some by a stronger and all urging it by some degree of Diaphoresis but still without any triumphant or solid yea rather with many lamentable and funest experiences This indeed were no unfit Design or Method if the morbifique matter were so thin and little and sticking in the superfice of the Body that it might easily yield to the impulse of Diaphoretiques But on the other hand where the matter or at least the fewel of the Disease is copious viscide and besets the first wayes the Ventricle intestines and mesentery in so far as you attenuate and force that matter by Diaphoretiques in proportion ye shal translate and turn the antecedent cause lurcking there into the continent and nearest cause of the Disease to wit by subliming that viscide and obstructing matter into the mass of Blood and habit of the Body which shall further exasperate the tumult of the Fever and overwhelm the natural efflux and reflux of the Blood and thereafter this matter being carried from the mass of Blood into Head and region of the nerves will likewise excite there symptoms competent to them being so infested till at length nature unable to wrestle under such a load of viscous matter poured in upon the Blood and Nerves wholly despirited and overwhelmed must succumb And that such an viscous slimy and copious Matter is at least the antecedent cause and fuell of many Fevers perchance also of all can be made evident not from any Ratiocination but from Antopsia or Sense it self For in several Fevers especially these accompanied with delirium or raving there has frequently been seen a great quantity of such touch flegm sometimes evacuat by stooll sometimes by Vomit and that only by putting the Finger into the Throat after which evacuation almost an total ease of all the Symptomes but chiefly of the delirum or raving did follow until that after some dayes the matter reâ—ruiting and regurgitating and bringing the same Symptoms required a reiteraâ—ed evacuation which was signalised with the former benefit and so furth as the plenty of the matter required until a perfect Evacuation Cured the Disease What novice in Medicine will judge such plenty of Viscidity and Slime could be with advantage or safety forced into the Mass of Blood to be expelled throw the Pores of the Skin or that it can be so attenuate especially under the languid natural Heat of Persons in Fevers that it be noways hurtful or obstructing when it comes to the small capillar Vessels As to the rest of Medicaments used in Fevers as Refrigerants subservient to the indication of Refrigeration since it can be shown that heat is nothing of the essence of Fevers that their proper effect is to encrease the viscidity
matter and this seemes a case altogether beyond Art to repair Or its Fault is dependent and that is either when its Energie is augmented as when the Humours or Organs do not yield to its due Impulse then to attaine its end it adds more force Which often making the motion to be propagated beside the designe terminates in Collisions and Reflections As if the Impellent were affected with Fury or Anger As is seen in Convulsions and Histerick Affects and in Fevers Or the Impellent may be vitiated by its Energie diminished as when it is stupified and Inviscat by gross Humores as is seen in many Chronick Affects The Aptitude of the moveable matter in the solid parts is vitiate by their rigidity which depends upon gross Humors that fill up their Fibres or their Junctures or Hinges upon which in their motion they are turned the fault in the liquide parts such as the Humors whither Alimentitious or Excrementitious depends upon there grosness or viscosity also which soon begets slowness Imprinting a blemish upon the functions eluding the end of the oeconomy Notwithstanding the Incitation of the Impellent and its outmost Effort to attain the end of the oeconomy The faults of the Channels Vessells consists either in their straitning obstructing or Scabricity Which alwayes depend unless when they are from an external and compressing Cause upon the same grosness of Humors stuffing their Chanells Coats or Fibres So the fundamental cause of most if not all Diseases seemes to be the grosness of the Humores causing their slowness making soon bad Impressions upon the functions To overcome which providing the Impellent be veget and not Inviscat it stirs up struglings whence comes Orgasimes Reflections other depravations of motion as consequential to the attemps for obtaining the due measures of its motion Now from this Easie Obvious Hypothesis the Nature of Fevers is here clearly enucleat whilst Authors feign many Chimerical Phantasmes to explain the Phaenomena by which they become rather the more Intricat It seemes likewayes not improbable that the moveable fluide Matter being deprived of its due motion acquires various Configurations of its minute parts which make it troublesome to the Fibres or Channels of the Vessels and this seems withal to be the Immediat Material cause of many Depravations of motion such as Refractions Reflections and Collision raised by the incitation of the Impellent and so from the complication of these the varietie of symptoms and the indefinite multitude of Diseases is begotten And even as that motion of the blood commonly called Circulation or Circuit of the blood did strangelie ly in the dark for many Ages and was with difficultie received by many because which was often brought to its reproach that although it seemed to illustrate the Theorie of Medicine yet it made no improvement in the practice thereof so now that noble invention will not only be delivered from that reproach but will be yet further imbellished if we can evince this motion of the blood vitiated viz. its slowness depending upon grosness to be if not of most diseases yet the nearest and continent cause of continual Fevers And moreover if it can be shown of what Concatenation or Complication of causes this nearest cause by order or congress is fomented how many fruitful solid indications altogether formerly in the dark may there be drawn from thence especiallie seing we may be furnished with sufficient means to satisfie these indications that either by the correction intercepting or eradicating of those causes being distinctlie known And so I have expede this method of the famous Sydenham Theoretically and Practically with as much Brevitie and Perspicuitie as I could but with what fruit or fate I know not but if this essay be received with the same Ingenuitie it is offered if it do not reach to the full design it will at least as is hoped be favourablie constructed For many may run at a prize but only one enjoyes it And amongst all that have attempted to make discoveries none has been so happy as to discover all but one has found out one thing and another an other thing And Chance rather than Art hath led many Searchers beyond their Intensions to discover notable things Some whereof may bring light and other some may bring Fruit to medicine out of which the succeeding Ages by a prudent choice may perhaps gather materialls to compile a more solide Systeme especially of Practical medicine then is yet extant To which whither or not this attempt may contribute any thing let others judge but not these that by their precipitant sentences against this method have made themselves parties in this Plea If no other advantage come of this design this at least I hope may be the effect of it that as the barking of the little Dogs raises the courage of the great ones so these aimes may rouse to the more profound diving into the sublime and obscure Nature of Fevers these Quibus ex meliori luto finxit praecordia Titan. But whatsomever benefit or advantage may come to the Publick by this design unto my self praise or advantage I expect none because herein having ingaged against so many who perhaps esteeming themselves obscured and consequence not a little injured will necessarlie therefore become picqued and follow closs the opportunitie and advantages of their resentment It being also very certain that in proportion as this Essay appeares fraught with any benefite to Mankind that the wicked Serpentine brood still big with malice and envious of the good of Men and which was never more Dominant then at this time Will rake all the corners of Hell for Venom to bespatter it with And this may be a Grave marke by which Honest Men that are not so very Penetrating may Judge whither it contains any thing useful or not And as it falls out for the most part in the World that man makes but a sorry bargain who gratifies one to the altho but supposed detriment of another the resentment of the injury often proving more heavy then the result of gratitude for the benefite done can any wayes allay Reveng being a natural is also a rank thriving-weed in the mind of man Whereas gratitude being like an exotick plant requires diligent culture to make it grow there But above all benefits done to the publick meeting with least acknowledgment and recompense having so many concerned have for the most part therefore none concerned do therefore strangly expose the Benefactor to the resentments of thâ—se that suppose themselves injured for private and publick Interest seem to be alwayes at war where the publick receives the foill And indeed therefore I might have consulted my own praise and profit more by treading the broad way and beaten path with the multitude thô with ever so much hurt to Mankind But this is not all for the World is no more Barren of gratitude and acknowledgment than it is fertil and productive of
Purging in Fevers considered from Reason and Authority page 156 Some practical cautions concerning purging in Fevers page 161 The benefit and season of using Paregoriques in Fevers page 165 The hurt of meer Diaphoretiques in Fevers page 166 The hurt of a method direct to A crisis p. 167 A difficulty takâ—n from the Authors Constitutions answered shewing that this method agrees with all constitutions of years p 168 The further Helpers and Hurters in Fevers considered confirm this Hypothesis as Salts volatile and fixed Alcalin and Testaceous Concrets page 170 The Benefit of Cuppings Leeches and Frictions confirm the same page 174. The Phaenomena of Hutters confirm this Hypothesis as lâ—ing alwayes in the naked Bed page 176. Why Hurtful to ly with the Head too low showen by this Hypothesis page 178. Some other difficulties concerning the Hypothesis answered at first how the Blood gives no signes of that grosness in its passage thorow the Lungs page 179. Where by the way the progress of Sanguification is considered page 180. As also how A pthisis or Consumption is bred with some signes of the approach of this Disease taken out of Mortouns Pthisiologia page 182. The Phaenomena of a Fever in A pthisis confirms this Hypothesis page 184 Another difficulty how this Grosness of the Blood does not rather produce Tumors and Inflammations than Fevers answered page 185. An Appendix of the Statical Doctrine of Sanctorius with the description and use of the weighing Chair page 189. Of the Weight and Nature of insensible Perspiration page 190. Concerning Air and Waters influence thereon page 192. Of the influence Aliements Meat and Drink has thereon page 20â— Of Sleeping and Walking page 203 Of Exercise and Rest. page 205. Of Venery page 207 Of the passions of the mind page 20â— ERRATA Epistle to Physicians page 1. line ult read Heterodoâ—y p. â— l. 24 for that r thâ— p. 4. l. 3. del thâ— p. â— l. 8. for choiching r. choosing p. 16. l. 7. for choicing r. choosing p. 17. l. 10. for samen r. same p. 21 l. 12. del be p. 24. l. 16. for stirring r. steering p. 25. l. r. for enter r. center p. 26. l. 27 del of thâ—se p. 28. l. 11. r. comprehend ibid. l. 24. r. affects p. â—2 l. 25. r. too p. 38 l. 6 r. chioce p. 42 l. r â— r. their p. 48 l. ult r. therefore p. 54 l. 10 r. of p. 61 l. 7 r. subsidiary p. 62 l. 21 r. measures p. 65 l. 17â— one p. 66 l. â— r. thorow for throw all throughout p. 67 l. 19 del to p. 72 l. 25 r. from ratio cination only p. 90 l 3 r. had never p. 103 l. 11. dele proportionable p. 104 l. 5 r its ibid l 9. r. ordinary p. 107 l. penult dele their p. 119 l. 2 for which r. so this p. 131 l. 20 r. of the p. 135 l. 8 r. infirmity p. 140 l. 13. visive p. 143 l. 16 r. it be l. 22. dele a. p. 145 l. 1 r. was near for throw r. all along thorow Epistle to the Physicians pag. 2. lin 9. for Etâ—mology Etiology in the Preface pag. 13. lin 2. for Orâ—simes Orâ—asmâ— pag. 13. lin 12. for Approve r Disâ—pprove pag. â—10 lin 1. for Evacuationly read Evacâ—uâ—â—â—â—â—ly Act of Council AT Edinburgh the Twenty third Day of Iuly 1691 Years anent the Supplication given in to the LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council be Mr. Andrew Broun Doctor of Medicine Shewing That where the Petitioner has Compyled and Printed a Treatise intituled A Vindicatory Schedule about the New Cure of Fevers he humbly conceaved their Lordships would not deny him the ordinary Priviledge allowed to Authors and Composers of Books And therefore humbly Supplicating the said LORDS would be pleased upon consideration of the Premisses to give anâ— grant sole Priviledge and Licence of the Printing of the foresaid Treatise in whatsomever Language to the Petitioner or his Order for the space of Nineteen Years And to Discharge all Persons from Printing Re-printing or Importing and Vending of any of the saids Books within this Kingdom for the said space without the special Licence of the Petitioner or his Executors or Assigness And that under the pain of Confiscation thereof to his or their behove beside what farther Punishment their Lordships should think fit as the said Petition bears The LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council having considered the above Petition given in to them be Mr. Andrew Brown Doctor of Medicine They grant the desire thereof Extracted by me DA. MONCRIEF Cles Sti. Concilii A TABLE For explaining the hard words of this Book to the Vulgar Abdomen signifies The paunch or rim of the belly including the skine fat and muscules thereof Attrition A grinding or braying Antecedent cause The cause of a disease immediatly before the nearest cause Capillary vessels As small as hairs Cathartick A purgative Medicine Coagulation Congealing Crisis The sudden termination of a disease Crase The temper of the parts or blood Concatenation A chaining of causes and effects Continent cause The immediat cause of a disease Diaphoresis A breathing out thorow the superfice of the body by sweat or otherwayes Diaphragma The Midrife Endemical disease Which is very common in a place Fibres The small shreds constituting the fleshy or nervous parts Fomes The feuel of a disease Glands Kernels Globuls Little balls such the blood are full of Grumafite The solid parts of the blood that subsides Hemoragies Fluxes of Blood Heterogeneous Another kind Hypothesis A supposition or the plate form of any thing represented Identitions The same Idea The representation of any thing in the mind Inteâ—tines The guts First impellent The first mover in the body Lixivial Belonging to lie made of ashes Maze A labyrinth Muriatique Briny Mesentery The membran keeping the guts together Neotericks New Writers Orgasâ—e A tumult or commotion oesophage The wâ—sane Animaloeconoâ—â—â— the order in government of the animal Paregorick A quieting Medicine Paroxisme A sit of a disease Perspiration The great evacuation continually made throw the pores oâ— the body Pulmonick Belonging to the lungs Pheâ—omeâ—â— Appearances or effects of hidden causes Phlebotomy Bloodletting Regimen The government of the six things called not natural Scabrieity Roughness Scheme A figure or representation of a thing Smegmatique Belonging to soap Spumosity Froâ—hiness Staguation The pooling of running liquor Systole and Diastole Contraction and Dilatation Susceptibility Capacity of receiving impressions Specifie so particularise Specifique Proper Serosity The watery part of the Blood or Humors Tone The fiâ—mness of the parts as to their contracting and dilating Tenuity Thinness Trach-artery The Wind-pipe Vatillant Tottering Viscuous Glewy Venivicle Stomack Veâ—â—section Blood-letting A VINDICATORY SCHEDULE CONTAINING A Disquisition Theoretical and Practical of the New but most Effectual Method of Curing Continual Fevers Invented c. SECT I. Clearing that the infallible Principles of Law Equity and Reason and the necessary consequences thereof applicable to the Physician does both oblige
tenaciousness of the humors perhaps the continent cause of Fevers they do rather hurt then help As likewise these that are called Temperers of Acrimony and Sweetners of the Blood seem to be no more profitable in regard Acrimony consists in such a modification of the particles of Matter in their figure or motion in relation to the texture of the Organs or Bowels bringing trouble or pain thereto and we scarce knowing where in that Modification making the discrepancy betwixt the Agent Patient does consist we can hardly form thereto an adaequat Indication And althô this mitigative Indication could be found and satisfied since it does nought to the Disease or its Cause by prosecuting thereof you advantage no more then if ye should apply Anodyne Balsoms to the â—kin sore with whipping and yet still whipp one And farther since all these Symptoms commonly supposed to arise from Acrimony are only the result of the efforts of Nature strugling to ride it self of the Disease and are raised various according to the genius of the matter besetting and the organe besett altho these could be perfectly subdued when the Disease and its cause are untouched what if the Disease restrained in one Symptome shall break out into a more dangerous one so little coercible or obsequious proves Nature to any preposterous and undiscret management that thereby rather are translaâ—ed then extinguished or directed its irregular and impetuous motions not veâ—y unlike as when a Dam of water is kept up by a Bank without drying up or diverting the source that increases it as it is stopt at one breach it will alwayes make or find another As for Aperients and Inciders they being much about the same Nature have the same Inconvenience with Diaphoretiques Especially where there is a Copious fomes or great Obstructions in the Capillar Veins For by there grating and grinding off Particles from the mass of gross and viscide Humores they must exceedingly increase these obstructions every little particle seeming to be of a like Nature with the whole and scarce when in any quantity subjugable by the motion of the Blood or capable to be so attenuate as to pass easily the smallest channels of the Vesells Such then being brought there cannot but have an obstructing effect And farther these things being narrowly considered will also make the Truth of that Observation of of our Noble Author past all doubt that many and most dangerous Symtpomes of Fevers are the native effects of the method rather than of the Disease Leaving then this Diaphoretique method until we find out a specifique cure of Fevers since we cannot level directly aâ— the essence of the Disease we being most part in the dark as to that what hinders us as is usual succesful in many other diseases which impartial well ballanced experience has found to be also so here but that we may prosecute the Indication taken from the antecedent cause or fewel of the Malady by purging and so by intercepting the sustenance to sterve that Enemy we cannot get within handy blows of Is it because in Fevers the tumult and commotions in the regions of the Body in that tottering state of the Oeconomy would be so hightned by the spurrs off the Purgative as to brake out into more furious and incompescibâ—e Symptoms and the Orgasm that was formerly only in the Mass of Blood should thereby break over also into the Region of the Nerves and Head and so beset pervert and overwhelm the first springs of Motion and Life Now althô this difficulty seems not impertinently to be started yet whosoever shall lay a great weight thereon will betray great inconsideration and inadvertance to what our Noble Authour has delivered concerning the reasonableness of this Cure for he clearly shews both by reason and experience that the Inconvenience and tumult arising from the irritation of the purgative is very efficaciously restained by the immediately preceeding Phlebotomie the subsequent use of the Paregorick and how happily the Catharick is administred under this double check these that have never tryed it cannot so much as dream Notwithstanding what ever is said to the contrary by famous Authors concerning the use of Purgers and Paregoricks in Fevers which althô it be true in the case which is that mentioned by them where these are administred separatly without respect to this order and method of our Author that they may not only be unprofitable but hurtful but according to this his Method these means are in that order Connected and Ranked that they become wholy beneficial For the preceeding Phlebotomie and Cathartick paves the way to and makes safe the effecacy of the Paregorick and the Preceding Phâ—ebotomie and subsequent Paregorick infallibly Checks and Bridles any noxious Energie of the Cathartick As more fully shall be be shown afterward But in the mean time it may be considered that these Practical Phaenomena beside the rational appearances they bear are by such repeated acurate and evident experience confirmed that they can no more by Aâ—guments be convelled or their evidence by reasoning stiffled then the most sensible and palpable experiments in Nature can be SECT V. Motives to this Method from the Authors Ingenuity Ability and the prodigious Hazards he escaped and also from his Reputation both at Home and Abroad SInce then it is obvious to all that the usual manner of the cure of continual Fevers is so uncertain and unsuccesful that it should prompt all good and wise Physicians at least from commiseration of Mankind to search and try all ways for a better yea and when Men worthy of Trust whose ability and intergrity may not only deserve but command Trust do from their undoubted and certain experience complement them with laying to their hand a more sure and compleat Method of cure the Inaptitude or Impropriety whereof none can save from fictitious chimerical prejudices affirm or assert but noways from knowledge or experience in which case as its the part of even the most rigorous caution to suspend Judgement so it gives the most grave and profound marks of Folly and Arrogancy to pronounce peremptorly any thing concerning a matter of Fact and Experiment altogether unknown to them He then that wants Courage or Faith to Experiment it himself necessarly must watch the occasion to behold the Practise of others having this Method for conduct and so getting a Mature and deliberate knowlege of the thing he may then with some reason pronounce his Opinion concerning it Whosoever then shall do otherways and either chide or Condemn this Method or only contemn or neglect it Let him have a care least being suported by prejudicate Opinions and Errors he be found to lay an Ambush for and assault the truth and to Sacrifice to his contumacy and sloath the Life 's of the Sick and the Tears of their Friends this matter being now so circumstantiat by such clear Evidences and Proofs that an Errour or mistake therein
found the business so or so to hold in the state and continuation of health it was likewise very obvious unto him may be so too unto any considering person seriously pondering the mater that this subtile insensible because little noticed often times vitiated evacuation altho but in part any long time lesed that it must heaping up copious morbifique matter sow the seeds and become the fewel of manifold Diseases which any slender and dispositive cause may soon precipitate into the continent and immediate cause of a Disease Therefore that sagacious Man observes from statical Experience that the foreseeing of the approach of Diseases is more certain and timeous by the observation of the perspiration then from the Lesions of the Actions The due expulsion of this perspirable matter depends upon the integrity of all the concurring causes thereof whither efficient matterial or instrumental And as an efficient here beside the first impellent the common efficient of all the motions of the Body the Air by its elasticity and expansive power seems to have no small influence thereupon for the Air being in the act of inspiration drawen into the lungs and the vesicles thereof filled thereby by the Heat of the lungs it is also rarefied and thereby requiring a greater room does also by its force distend these vesicles whose structure being with a narrow entry and large cavity the Air therein contained and in expiration compressed is not all in proportion to that compression expelled at the orifice of the vesicle but some thereof must be forced also into the smal branches of the pulmonick vessels be mixed with the Blood in the pulmonick vein returning to the heart and this air being once gotten into the capillar Veins of these pulmonick Vessels by the continual expansion and contraction of the Lungs throw which these Vessels are interspersed that air is pressed and driven on with the Blood towards the greater trunks of that Vein For the motion therein being made from a lesser cavity unto a greater is by that structure of the Organ more easie and the Bloods advance facilitated and its regress hindered So that by the motion of the Lungs alone and without any Pulses it is not only thus carried to the left ventricle of the Heart but receives its whole complement and perfection in the progress by the continual agitation of the Lungs which do attenuat and grind and most intimately commix it with the air as appears by the Blood in that Pulmonick Vein which has its colour more florid and is it self more spumose and rarified then before its ingress in the Lungs and that alone by the Airs congress and agitation therewith And further the mixture of the Air with the arterial Blood is clear by that Experiment of Mayow Page 144. who putting venal Blood into the pneumatick engine and pumping of the Air therefrom found it made only a small ebulition But having used arterial blood so it made a wonderful expansion and boiled up into a great deal of spumosity and that by reason of the great Quantity of Air contained therein which expanding upon the weakning the pressure of the ambient Air does dilate it self and the Blood in which it is inviscate in proportion to the pressure of the Air that remained after the Pumping And further the ingress of the Air into and mixture thereof with the blood is clear by this phaenomenon that the superfice and extremities of the body become tumified when the body is heated by motion for then there are ordinarly more frequent and greater inspirations of Air into the Lungs which the violent motion of the Body disperses thorow the several Members As also the same is made further evident because the Hypothesis gives only the clear solution how the skine rises upon the application of cuping glasses for the Air within the Body finding the Air within the Glass not of equal resistance doth by its elasticity expand it self and raise the flesh therewith And moreover the Airs influence and activity for promoving of perspiration as an efficient is plain by the above-mentioned experiment of Mayow for the arterial blood appears turgid with such arerious particles because these by their volatility serve to sweep off the perspirable matter And further that same blood exhausted and stripp't off these aerious particles is by the Veins carried back to the Lungs to be of new impregnate therewith And likewise the Necessity and Utility of the Aires sweeping and sifting thorow the Body by its entry at the Lungs and going throw the Arteries and out again at the pores disperse devery where throw the superfice of the Body appears from this as Helmont observes tractat de blas hum that heat alone is not sufficient to expel all these reâ—rements that are in the Blood and Body For Heat in its operation as in destellation leaves alwayes a great remander or caput mortuum Yea as Boil observes in the origin of formes the most limpide rain water being a hundred times redistilled leaves alwayes some Earthy and fixed recrements that can be altered by no vehemency of fire so that to eliminate and expell this perspirable matter without recrements beside the action of heat there is further required some other proper volatilising efficient which the Air may be clearly judged to be For as Helmont and Tachenius observes timber putriefying in the free Air gives by calcining little or no fixed Salt And dry Herbs give far less quantity thereof then green Herbes do For this reason that the Air being the proper menstruum of that Salt Yea even of the same Salt within our Body does dissolve extract it And likewise the influence that pure Air has upon our Bodies and which is observed by Helmont must be also from this reason For in serene and cold Air we eat and digest better Because that Air not being Saturat with fuliginous and noxious Particles In running its course throw the Body sweeps out powerfully the perspirable matter and for the like reason these that Sail long on the Sea eat very much and have fewer sensible excrements then otherwayes Because the continual and swift motion of the Body not only promoves digestion and distribution of the aliement as will be shown afterward but also promoves perspiration by the continual agitation and shaking of the Body Which looses any of the Particles of the perspirable matter that incline to stick in the passages and pores and so the Air more easily sweeps off that perspirable matter And also as our worthy Author Sydenham observes long riding has the same effect and it may be thought for the same reason and the effects of both these motions are likewise observed by Sanctorius in his Aphorismes Sect 7. where he shews that ryding respects most the expulsion of the perspirable matter above the Loynes And that ambling is most wholsome but trotting unwholsome and that the being long carried in a Boat or in a Litter is also most wholsome as
Advantage and Safety it may and for keeping of its Honour it must become more remiss and be made a rarity of Thô Medicine gives no Monopolising Prehemenencies by vulgar Opinion and this Diligence gives neither Dispensation nor Priviledge but suitable to the necessity of the present exigency And next but withal more especially this particular Diligence does consist in the secret inward and conscientious Industry making an exact Expiscation of all concurring outward and visible causes and other circumstances with the accurate observation of all the Phoenomena and narrow consideration likewise of the disposition of the Body by which Light may be brought to or a genuin idea given of the continent cause or essence of the Disease in hand This Cause alwayes lying invisible and secretly couched in the disposition of the Body betwixt these two visibles of outward causes and Phoenomena And this Diligence here also requires the consigning of these to Writing that with more leisure and effect all being duely pondered there may be farther discovered what effects the given causes are apt to produce in the Body for by the Contemplation of their Nature may be known what will be the consequence of such seditious Disturbers their invading the oeconomie where comes likewise to be considered the disposition of the Body and its susceptibility either of impressions altogether different from or of more grave effects then these ordinary resulting from such causes use to be this commonly resolving in an Idiosyncrasia or Propriety of temperament and thus also the Physician may consider fully the Phoenomena what News and Report they do bring from the inward troubled state of the Oeconomie where it is also observable thô these Phoenomena being often in disguise impose upon and deceive the Unexpert yet being soon unvisarded by the sagacious Artist they may be made to tell without dissimulation the truth So by making a judicious calcule of the given causes disposition of the Body and appearances there may be in most cases more then a probable computation also be made and a true Idea thereby had wherein the discomposure of the Oeconomy doth immediatly consist and for restoring of it solid and sure Measures adjusted and taken and that either by means of the Phisicians proper but solidly founded experience or that of the more eminent Practitioners likewise being consulted And this method of consigning the Patients case to write and for the same use and end was the custom and practice of that famous Practitioner Theodor D. Maynerne of whom Harres in his Pharmocologia anti Empyrica relates That in Chronical cases especially such as would permit deliberation he used not to shake his Consultation out of his Sleive but comitted all the circumstances and Phoenomena of the disease to his Diaries about which he consulted his dumb Doctors by summing up all their Councils having gotten a true Idea of the Disease he did thence take his indications Moreover this exact consignation of the Patients case to writing being equally conduceable to the Physician seems to be of far more necessity to him by reason of the far greater import and difficulty of his Practice than that usual exactness in Lawyers their taking up the state of their Clients causes likewise in writing is unto them For the damnages of their negligence thô more perceiveable are yet more tollerable and reparable then the same in Medicine where it is scarce permitted to fault twice and over the Brink the dearest Life is irrecoverably precipitated This particular industry doth farther require the inserting also into a journal as a proper conservatory thereof the whole history of the Physicians daily practiceâ— therein being particularly comprehended the Medicines given to each Patient with the effects thereof For by such an exact History he will be surely directed how to take his measures and make more safe and ready hitts in their cases who having been formerly his Patients stand there recorded as the subjects of any remarkable circumstances or scene of medical Practice There being truely few but something various and singular in their Temper doth discover it self which concerning their security and safety concern also the Physicians diligence and fidelity to be carefully put in record and without this record as a compass to steer by he will be in hazard either to commit some error of precipitancy or to lose time which the quick current of some cases may render extraordinary value able precious in reiterating those irksome Nauseous thô hovering Trials to familiarize their nature temper constitution that at first his caution did necessarly put him upon And such Physicians who neglecting this especially under the throng of many Patients or considerable intervention of time do not more carefully take up preserve such Lineaments of their Patients Constitutions as their occasions of medicating them does afford save what alone their Memory can give them thereof since thereby they seem altogether to transgress violate the only condition inferring the benefit of their being the ordinary deserve they not likewise to forfeit that endearing relation and the priviledges thereof which like Love thô it should cover many of the Physicians Infirmities yet scarce any of such important and gross Negligence where for so small and easie coast they forego so great a Benefit to their Patients And moreover this Iournal serving the Physician for a Map of the various uniformity of the operations of Nature and these even by his own Survey drawn from the Life the serious and frequent view thereof by giving him more solid full and bright Ideas of Diseases and their â—ures only begets that so much talked of but rarely found experimental Knowledge which in proportion to its solidity will surely direct the steady stirring of his Course in after practice And that the solid experience in Medicine thô after never so much practice can nowayes so fully and exactly be produced as by such an exact Historiography is altogether clear from the multiplicite complexity inveiglement and variety medical Caises are alwayes circumstantiat with which undoubtedly therefore require to be most exactly and fully collected represented and specified to imprint and conserve in the Mind all these genuine Ideas that are necessary to bottom all these reflexive comparative and discursive Acts of the Judgement requisite to compute conclude and enter in true and consequential experience Moreover this diligence of compiling an exact History of his Practice wherein that of others faithfully communicate to him may also be comprehended is clearly resembled in its method and also in its utility confirmed by that diligent care of Lawyers when they do collect and digest into certain classes and heads all Decisions and Practices of particular Cases These indeed being seriously considered and pondered by imbrightning unravilling specifying their notions of Law does give them the truest Impressions of Right which denoting also experience in Law must undoubtedly enable them by more certain Hitts to make the most
would be represented without such refractions or reflections So it seems not very Improbable that the rayes of Heat passing throw the medium of crass unequal and not sufficiently Diaphanous Blood that they should be several wayes refracted and so coming to the Organe of feeling that is the nerves dispersed every where throw the Body that therefore they should imprint therein a greater sense of Heat then usual Or otherwayes by reflection which comes to the same purpose as when these rayes are darted throw the trunes of the Arteries incid upon the small Channels obstructed either in whole or in part by this crass Blood they must necessarly being reflected several ways impinge on the Nervs the sensorie of Heat and affect them with more brisk twitches then if they did glide smoothly along the trunks and by open passages were dispersed and exhausted in there designed ends And that the sense of intense heat is made much after the same manner seems clear by the Instance mentioned before to witt when the breath is with a wide mouth slowly exhaled it gives the sense of heat upon the hand Because the Particles of the breath are not caried streight and directly forward but being dispersed by an Oblique transvorse and recâ—illing motion they undergo a Modification much resembling refraction And coming so modified to the nerves of the hand imprint thereon the sense of heat when these very same Particles flowing out forcibly give no sense of Heat but of Cold The Particles being straight and direct in their motion undergo no such modifications SECT IX Shewing that Fevers being treaced up to their Fountain viz. The outward causes in that quest this grossness of the Blood and Humors presents it self Where insensible Perspiration is touched and how much the same lesed contributes the generation of Fevers And how indigestion of the Stomach is also accessory thereto with a new Hypothesis of digestion proposed TO comprehend more fully and clearly this dark subject of Fevers its necessary to trace the same up to the very fountain and spring according to the Concatenation of causes and effects which termmate in that production called a Fever And whose presence is testified by all the various Phaenomena that as Irradiations beames are darted therefrom Now if in this Inquisition we find all such causes concurâ—ing and concateuat as produce that thickness and grosness of the Blood and that these Phaenomena can be nowayes so comodiously resolved As by there being made likwise depending on that grosness and the product thereof and also that the Practical Phaenomena of Hurters and Helpers have their immediate effect in respect of this grosness or what depends alwayes thereon the slowness of the Blood then with a certainty litle below a demonstration we may conclude according to the alleadged Hipothesis Here then the Procatartick and external causes as first in operation deserve the first consideration Such are errours about the six things commonly called not Natural viz. Air Aliment Motion and Rest Sleeping and Watching Excretion and Retention and Passions of the mind For the errours about some of these using to generate and about others of them to retain and accumulate crudities Peice meal which serve for the antecedent or potential cause of a disease and this anteâ—edent cause gradually by its own tendency and sometimes more quickly by some great error superveining favoring this or that disease Is acuate and formed into the continent cause or very essence of the disease it self And even as the life of Man thorow Infirmitie and Misfortune is incumbred and involved in manifold straits difficulties and sometimes necessities whereby he must transgress the measure and bounds and run into the excess or defects of the use of these things Which would surely make his life both very miserable and without any comfort but that it would likewise be very short Were it not that the bountiful architect giveing as well an evidence of Providence and Art as of Commiseration and tenderness has contrived these bodies exceedingly commodious in the multiplicity and convenient situation of excretory passages by which the noxious matter accumulate being expelled the errours hapening about these none natural things might be amended and that not only throw the Gutts and Bladder these sensible and patent wayes serving also sometimes for extraordinary turns as well as for their ordinary and natural Excretions but by another indeed most ocult and obscure yet no less certain and obvious to the mind and reason and more adequat and oftner serving to these extraordinary thô necessary Excretions And that is insensible Perspiration which sends forth continually throw the Pores of the whole Skin such a quantity of excrementitious Rayes as does twise exceed all other sensible Evacuations and is the Excrements of the third and last Concoâ—tion And indeed such a wonderful work of Nature should by lurking always not have had as much certainty evidence as it demonstrats sagacity and providence and so the Ignorance of Men should have intercepted smothered their admiration and gratitude if the most ingenius Sanctorious a Sanctorio Physician Professor of Padua by divine Influence had not above all exception demonstrat to the world the reality necessity and measure together with Rules for the regulation of this Perspiration insensible After whom for Fourty Years almost now since elapsed Mortals have so much forgot themselves that they have not only neglected in so far as I know to improve this Doctrine delivered by him perhaps tending more to the conservation and also to the recoveâ—y of Health then all other means whatsomever preservative or curative but also to receive or make any Benefit or Fruit of his Industry and Discovery Except what the most acure Bellinus Physician and Professor of Pisa and Ettmullerus Professor in Lypsick have observed of it And indeed that most acurate and piercing wit Sanctorious delivers all his Observations approven to the eve by the Ballance for having weighed the Body and all the aliment taken in 24 Hours time the next Morning he again weighes the Body before the Excretiones sensible of Belly and Bladder and after the evacuations does the same again and the difference betwixt these two last weights goes to make the weight of the Excrements which is much within the weight of the aliement taken in the weight of the Body remaining the same it was the former day As for example Suppose the weight of the whole aliment be 8 pound the next morning the Body being weighed before and after evacuation of the Belly and Urine the difference making the weight of the Excrements may be about 3 pound The rest of the 8 being 5 evaportating by insensible Perspiration But in this computation some consideration is to be had to the Urine excerned the former day which in sober People is little for the most part the recreâ—ment of the Liquors taken in the third day before as that most exact observer by thirty years Experience
disposing to perspiration It follows next to be shown that the due expulsion of this perspirable matter seems further to depend upon the integrity of the instrumental matterial and nearest causes thereof such as The strength and firmness of the Fibers and Glands of the skine The convenient aperture of these passages and pores thorow which it must go And lastly the sufficient tenuity and sequacity of that perspirable matter But what things help or hurt here will be too great a Digression to mention seeing the Author Sanctorius may be consulted concerning it himself and because that very useful Treatise is scarce to be had we have therefore placed down after all a select parcel of his Statical Aphorisms It remains then only now to shew that one or more of these requisites to perspiration being vitiated that perspirable Matter may be retained and accumulate about the borders of the capillary vessels until by its burden and bulk it provok the Fibers to its expulsion by sweat all sweat especially giving ease coming from a great and undue collection of perspirable Matter seems therefore never to be a Natural Excretion or to have place or use in perfect Health and is only profitable in so far as it shuns a greater evil and carries the same respect to the Excrements of the third concoction that a Flux of the Belly does to these of the first or second and those that sweat most perspire least in the Natural order manner as Sanctorius shews Aphoris Sect. 1. That Sweating is not good because it abates the strength of the Fibers yet seing it diverts a worse evil it may be called respectively good But if Nature either out of Sluggishness or Weakness do not provide against the retention of this perspirable Matter by Sweat or some otherwayes it being still farther accumulate threatens a Disease and very often a Fever after this manner for this perspirable Matter retained being wholly excrementitious and unapt to be indued with Spirits degenerates into viscosity and it may be into Purulency and lying into the confines of the Veines among the fibres of the Flesh which being irritated by its bulk and uselessness do wring it out into the Channells of these Veines And so being easily absorbed by the refluent Blood it infects by its viscidity and Purulency the Particles and globuls of the Blood Increassing there bigness and vitiatng there Spherical figure Which Blood thus vitiat being carried back to the Heart by the Veines and from it into the Arteries to be dispersed throw the whole Body is with much difficulty admitted into the small capillary vessels by reason of the disproportion of these globuls unto the conduites or their scabricity making their passage difficult so that the heart is forced to double its pulses to drive on the Blood to supply the craving parts with their due nourishment And albeit oftentimes the heart doth by this assiduous labour overcome these obstructions for the vigorous agitation of the Blood and of these globuls upon an another doth so attenuate and polish them that they are made to pass without sticking and so many thereof as are not redintegrable as perspirable matter are expelled Yet sometimes these obstructions by their obstinacy from the copious Retention and the continual Accession of perspiâ—able Matter may not only elude these strenuous endeavours of the Heart but also be so encreased that sterving all the Functions they may overwhelm the Oeconomie and put a total and permanent stop to the motion of the Blood which really and formally makes extinction of Life Now that the Progress and Pedigree of a Fever may be after this manner is much more probable because it is very consonant to the Sentiment of Sanctorius who in the first Section of his Aphorisms declares That the perspirable Matter retained neither being discussed by Nature nor by a Fever superveening presently disposes the Body to a Malignant Fever By the which may be understood a Fever of the highest degree that depends upon contumacious Obstructions and is extraordinary dangerous And in the next Aphorisme he sayes Such as are in Fevers grow worse and worse if their perspiration be diverted by excessive applications of Medicines from an unskilful Physician And so seems to be acted the first seene of a fever which seldom proves tragical unless by a preposterous officiousness For by the strength of Nature alone or by some little Art viz. By Sweating Bleeding and other easie means it is for the most part brought to an happy conclusion Unless which very oft falls out a Mass of crude Matter generated from the Errors in the other Non-natural things and lodged in the first wayes as the Ventricle Intestines Meseraick Veins becoming as it is very apt to do a fewel to this Disease make it both long and dangerous Now this Crude Matter seems to be nothing else but the Recrements of the imperfect perfunctorious Digestion of the Stomack and other Bowels the search therefore into the cause of such Recrements amassed up directly lead us in relation to the discovery first to make inquiry how perfect and natural Digestion is made Then passing over the commonly received Fermentation the Aliments in the Stomack which seems justly to be rejected here for the same Reason that Effervescence is repudiat in Fevers this operation not only succeeding always without Eventilation or Rest the requisites to Fermentation but altogether refusing them And so this action of the Stomack seeming much more intelligible to be made Mechanical does rather consist in a grinding or attenuation of the Aliments by which they are made chyle for the requisites to compleatly expede Digestion are first the contraction of the Ventricle and closs embracing of the contained Aliment and next the gentle and continual compressive rowling of the Aliment already closs embraced by the Stomack and that by the continual motion of the Diaphragma depressing it and the motion of the abdomen again repressing it Which motions reciprocally coming and going upon the Aliment close Imbraced in the Stomach may be thought to have upon it the like mellowing effect that the rowling of the hand upon an Aple or other fruit alwayes has and that by the continual attrition the Particles of the Aliment have upon one another they are mellowed into Chyle And further what may be the Joint effect of the Stomacks Imbracing and Contracting it self closs upon the Aliment to promove this atrition of the Particles will further appear by the consideration of the effect of Monsieure Papines digester by which bones are softned with no other artifice but by the vessel so contrived that it Imbraces the contained matter with compression upon all sides by which these Stems Vapors which in ordinary boiling breake out being Imprisoned do make their Rambles throw the whole contained matter and give such twitches thereon that they do so far attenuate the Bones as to make Iellie of them Now beside this compression and rowling of the Aliment