holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o 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guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o 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javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o 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from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
seem_v together_o to_o terminate_v the_o end_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o protension_n of_o the_o sight_n what_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o this_o horizon_n shall_v be_v have_v not_o be_v yet_o agree_v upon_o by_o all_o erastothenes_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v 44_o mile_n macrobius_n 23._o proclus_n 250._o albertus_n magnus_n 125._o these_o difference_n seem_v too_o great_a to_o admit_v of_o reconcilement_n yet_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n the_o disparity_n in_o account_n of_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o modern_a and_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o also_o betwixt_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n 2_o the_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o sightâ—_n the_o various_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o take_v their_o observation_n with_o other_o circumstance_n we_o shall_v diminish_v much_o of_o admiration_n but_o diverse_a other_o who_o opinion_n be_v more_o approve_a by_o modern_a cosmographer_n have_v define_v it_o to_o be_v about_o 63_o mile_n the_o cause_n why_o this_o 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and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o hemisphere_n agb_n bound_v by_o the_o rational_a horizon_n aeb_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o for_o either_o it_o shall_v see_v only_o the_o point_n f_o wherein_o it_o be_v seat_v or_o else_o some_o other_o point_n or_o part_v distant_a from_o it_o the_o former_a can_v be_v admit_v because_o the_o eye_n be_v there_o suppose_v to_o be_v place_v shall_v according_a to_o this_o supposition_n behold_v itself_o which_o be_v against_o philosophy_n for_o grant_v the_o sense_n only_o a_o direct_a and_o not_o a_o reflex_n operation_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o it_o shall_v perceive_v itself_o final_o it_o can_v see_v any_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n beside_o for_o then_o this_o point_n will_v either_o be_v place_v above_o the_o point_n f_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o f_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o superficies_n admit_v of_o no_o point_n high_o in_o the_o sphere_n or_o else_o under_o it_o but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o cfd_n be_v a_o tangent_fw-la line_n and_o touch_v the_o sphere_n in_o f_o only_o there_o can_v according_o to_o geometrical_a principle_n be_v draw_v any_o right_a line_n from_o the_o point_n f_o which_o can_v touch_v any_o point_n in_o the_o say_a sphere_n but_o all_o will_v cut_v it_o and_o so_o the_o section_n cause_n impediment_n to_o the_o sight_n the_o earth_n be_v a_o opacous_a and_o round_a body_n 4_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v a_o matter_n most_o necessary_a for_o a_o cosmographer_n as_o shall_v appear_v after_o where_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o latitude_n and_o climate_n it_o be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n betwixt_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o many_o way_n have_v be_v devise_v by_o artificer_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o sun_n the_o second_o from_o the_o polestar_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoxe_n 2_o at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoxe_n it_o may_v be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o sun_n shadow_n at_o noontide_n in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v subtract_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a which_o be_v 90_o degree_n there_o will_v remain_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o zenith_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o second_o place_n at_o any_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o know_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v necessary_a out_o of_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o any_o other_o way_n accurate_o to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a for_o the_o day_n propose_v together_o with_o his_o 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distinction_n the_o invention_n be_v consider_v either_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o zenith_n or_o pole_n or_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n for_o both_o which_o we_o will_v set_v down_o these_o rule_n 1_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n subtract_v from_o the_o quadrant_a of_o 90_o degree_n the_o residue_n will_v show_v the_o zenith_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o zenith_n from_o the_o pole_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o zenith_n make_v a_o arch_n which_o be_v a_o whole_a quadrant_a so_o that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n subduct_v the_o distance_n will_v remain_v as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o put_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n here_o in_o oxford_n to_o be_v 51_o ½_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o as_o have_v be_v former_o teach_v let_v these_o 51_o ½_o degree_n be_v subtract_v from_o 90_o then_o will_v remain_v 38_o ½_o which_o be_v the_o true_a zenith_n for_o that_o 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